tat iMutii wm i ' i ' ' ' - Vol. VIII Albion College Bulletin No. I ALBION COLLEGE BOOK 1911-1912 ; COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC NORMAL COURSE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ed March 8, 1905, at Albion, Mich., matter, under Act of Congress as MA 94 . Pu b lis hed at lea s i jo u r times per year, A IiL graduates and former! students of Albion Col-y lege are requested to informr the President of the College- of any change in address or occupation, or of any event of especial interest to the institution or their former classmates. YEAR BOOK OF ALBION COLLEGE For 1911-1912 WITH ANNOUNCEMENTS FOR 1912-1913 PUBLISHED BY ALBION COLLEGE ALBION, MICHIGAN :: NINETEEN HUNDRED TWELVE V f- PUBLISHED BY ALBION COLLEGE The Mirror Printing Co. Albion, Michigan TABLE OF CONTENTS Admission Requirements 60 Advanced Credit 63 Appointment Committee 98 Art, Courses ofiered in 84 Astronomy 34 Astronomical Equipment 14 Athletics and Athletic Field 46 Attendance, Regulations concerning 99 Bible, The English 44 Biology 41 Biological Equipment j 14 Business School , 87 Business Man ' s College Course 91 Calendar of the College 5 Candidates for Graduation 105 Chapel Service 99 Character of the College 13 Chemistry 37 Chemical Equipment 16 Christian Associations 100 Church Attendance 99 Class Hours Summarized... 52 Class Officers 20 College of Liberal Arts 13 College Corporation 6 College Work Tabulated 48 Co-operative Association 103 Conservatory of Music 69 Courses open to Freshmen and Sophomores 19 Debates, Intercollegiate 101 Economics 31 Employment Committee 98 Endowment Fund Committee 6 English 27 Enrollment 20 Examinations 99 Expenses 96 Faculty Committee 9 French 25 Geology 42 German 23 Grading System 55 Graduate Work 56 Graduation, Requirements for 55 Greek 22 Grounds and Buildings 11 Grouping of College Work 18 Gymnasium Classes 46 History, Department of 30 History of the College 10 Honor List ( 4 Latin SI Library 13 Location of the College 11 Master ' s Degree , 55 Mathematics 33 Officers of Instruction and Government 8 Official Visitors 7 Oratorical Committee 101 Oratorical Contests, Intercollegiate 103 Pedagogy 44 Philosophy 42 Photography 42 Physical Education 46 Physics 36 Physical Equipment 16 Point System 66 Political and social Science ¥2 Political Economy $1 Prizes 67 Public Speaking 29 Reading Room 13 Requirements for Admission CO Scholarships 58 School of Business 87 Societies 100 Spanish 26 Standing Committees of the Trustees 7 Students, List of 105 Students, Summary 126 Sub-collegiate Studies Taught 62 Units, Description of 64 CALENDAR COMMENCEMENT WEEK, SW. Ju « 9 Commencement Sunday. Juat 10— Conservatory Concert, S p. m. J«n« 11— Class Day Exercises, 10 a. m. and 3 p. a;. Meeting Board of Trustee , 10 a, m. Optn Air Concert, 7 p. m. J  t 12—Alumni Day. jML-nm 13 Commencement Day, Address, 10 a. m. Commencement Dinner, 12:30 p. m. OPENING OF THE COLLEGE YEAR IN AW- DEPARTMENTS. FIRST SEMESTER, 191 . Sept 17 — Examination of Candidates for Admission; Presentation of Certificates from Approved Schools; Special Exami nations, 9 a. m. Sept. 18 — Enrollment Day, Commencing 9 a. m. Sept 19 — First Chapel Exercises, 9 a. m. Nov. 28 — Thanksgiving Day. Recess include FdcUy. Dec. 10— Meeting of Board of Trustees, 2 p. m, Dec. 20 to Jan. 1, inclusive, Holiday Rec te, Jaxu 31 Sem eter Ends. SECOND SEMMSTSR, Feb. 1 — Enrollment Day, 8 a. m. Feb. 3 — Recitations Begin. Feb. 27— Day of Prayer for Colltgt . Mar. 21 (noon) to April 1, inclusive Sfri g Rmmi. May 30 -Decoration Day. J n 19— Comm«nc«m«nt D y. THE COLLEGE CORPORATION President, CHARLES M. RANGER Vice-President, WILLIAM DAWE Second Vice-President, EDWIN N. PARSONS Treasurer, EUGENE P. ROBERTSON Secretary, SAMUEL DICKIE TRUSTEES SAMUEL DICKIE, Ex-officio Elected by Detroit Conference Rev. D. H. Ramsdell Ann Arbor 1912 D. M. Christian -Owosso 1912 Rev. William Dawe Ann Arbor 1913 James H. Simpson Detroit 1913 Rev. C. W. Baldwin Detroit 1914 Durand W. Springer. Detroit 1914 Elected by the Michigan Conference Rev. D. D. Martin Albion 1912 M. L. Cook Hastings 1912 Rev. John Graham Grand Rapids 1913 E J. Phelps Kalamazoo 1913 Edwin N. Parsons Albion 1914 Rev. Hugh Kennedy Big Rapids 1914 Elected by Alumni Society Rolland Parmeter Detroit 1912 Rev. Luther Lovejoy Detroit 1912 Charles M. Ranger Battle Creek 1913 Robert W. Baldwin Albion 1914 ENDOWMENT FUND COMMITTEE Samuel Dickie, Chairman and Treasurer Albion William H. Brace r Detroit Hon. Clement Smith Hastings STANDING COMMITTEES. Executive and Auditing Committee — C. M. Ranger, William Dawe, E. N. Parsons, Samuel Dickie, D. D. Martin. Finance Committee — E. J. Phelps, J. H. Simpson, D. W. Springer, D. H. Ramsdell, M. L. Cook, D. M. Christian. Committee on Faculty — C. W. Baldwin, Samuel Dickie, Hugh Kennedy, Robert W. Baldwin, John Graham, Luther Lovejoy. Committee on Rules and Regulations — J. H. Simpson, D. H. Ramsdell, R. L. Parmeter, M. L. Cook, D. M. Christian. Committee on Library and Apparatus — John Graham, C. W. Baldwin, Robert W. Baldwin, E. J. Phelps, D. W. Springer, R. L. Parmeter. Committee on Building and Grounds— -E. N. Parsons, Samuel Dickie, D. D. Martin, Hugh Kennedy, Luther Lovejoy. OFFICIAL VISITORS. Appointed by the Detroit Conference. Rev. Carlos L. Adams Calumet Rev. William H. Rider, D. D Saginaw Appointed by Michigan Conference. Rev. Ames A. Maywood, D. D Jackson Rev. Cecil E. Pollock „ Grand Ledge OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION AND GOVERNMENT SAMUEL DICKIE, M. S., LL. D., President. MRB. HELEN KNAPPEN-SCRIPPS A. ML, Dean of Women, FREDERICK LUTZ, A. M., Litt. D.. Secretary. CHARLES E. BARR, A. M., Registrar. HARLAN J. COZINE, Director of Conservatory. GEORGE L. GRISWOLD, Principal of Commercial Department. SAMUEL DICKIE, M. S., LL. D. f Joka Owwi Profestor of Philosophy. DELOS FALL, Sc. D., LL. D., David Preston Professor of Chem- istry. FREDERICK LUTZ, A. M., Litt. D., Professor of Modem Lan- guages. CHARLES ELISHA BARR, A. M., Professor of Geology and Biology. FREDERIC SAMUEL GOODRICH, A. M., D. D., Alumni Pro- fessor of the English Bible, Acting Professor of Greek Lan- guage and Literature. MIS. HELEN KNAPPEN-SCRIPPS, A. M., Dm of Wxisw, Instructor in English Literature FfcEDERIC OOE DEMOREST, A. M., D. D., Prof«wor of Latin, CARLES HENRY WOOLBERT, A M., Profwsor of English and Oratory (W. Scott Brown Chair of Belle Lettrea.) CLARENCE WILSON GREENE, A. M., Ph. D., Profeator of Physics. FRANK TRACY CARLTON, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of Eco- mics and Acting Henry M. Loud Professor of History. E. ROSCOE SLEIGHT, A. M., W. H. Brockway Professor of Mathematics, Acting Ezra Bostwick Professor of Astronomy. JOHN ZEDLER, A. M., Associate Professor of Modern Languages. FRANK W. DOUGLAS, A. M., Assistant Professor of Chemistry. ELEANOR T. AVANN, A. M., Assistant Professor of Greek. YEAR BOOK 9 CHARLES ALBERT LANGWORTHY, A. B., Instructor in English. HARLAN J. COZINE, Director of Conservatory, Instructor in Voice and the Art of Singing. RAYMOND L. HAVENS, Head of Piano Department, Piano- forte. T. STANLEY SKINNER, Head of Organ Department, Pedal Organ, Musical History and Theory. JOHN B. MARTIN, Head of Orchestral Department, Violin and Orchestral Instruments. ELMA AGNES BLACKMAN, Instructor in Piano. NEMA PHIPPS, Instructor in Piano. MYRA C. SALISBURY, Instructor in Voice. GEORGE L. GRISWOLD, Principal of Commercial Department. MILTON H. NORTHROP, Teacher of Shorthand and Type- writing. SARAH ESTELLA WOOLSEY, Instructor in Art. WALTER S. KENNEDY, Athletic Director. ESTHER H. AUTEN, A. B., Director of Physical Education for Women. ROSA BALL, B. S., Librarian, and Instructor in Library Methods. JENNIE COLUMBUS, President ' s Secretary. FACULTY COMMITTEES. Graduate Work. — Professors Fall, Lutz and Goodrich. Advanced Standing. — Professors Barr, Demorest and Greene. Undergraduate Work.— -Professors Demorest, Barr and Wool- bert Literary Societies.— Professors Woolbert, Zedler, Greene and Mrs. Scripps. Athletics. — Professors Carlton, Sleight and Zedler. Eligibility for Intercollegiate Contests. — Professor Zedler. HISTORY In th« year 1833, Rev. Henry Colclazer, Rev. Elijak H. Pilcher and Benjamin H. Packard, M. D., resolved to inaugurate a move- ment for the establishment of an academy of higher learning in Michigan. Spring Arbor was chosen as a location, and in the spring of 1835 the Legislature granted a charter under the corporate name of Spring Arbor Academy, locating the institution on the site of an old Indian village, in the town of Spring Arbor. In the spring of 1839 the charter was amended, locating the school at Albion and reconstructing the Board of Trustees. In November of 1843, the first building was completed and opened for the reception of students. Rev. Charles F. Stockwell, A. M., a graduate of Middletown University, was appointed prin- cipal. In 1849, the charter was amended by the creation of a Female College, so that the corporate name became Wesleyan Seminary and Female Collegiate Institute. The institution was empowered to grant decrees to women only. In 1861, the original charter was still further amended, author- izing the institution to confer degrees on both men and women, the corporate name becoming Albion College. In 1907, the charter was amended giving the institution en- larged powers. The management of the institution is vested in a Board of Trustees, consisting of sixteen persons, six elected by the Detroit Conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, six by the Michigan Conference, and four by the Society of Alumni. The President of the College is associated as a member ex-officio. A special board or committee, as custodian of the Endowment Fund, was created by act of the Legislature in 1865. LOCATION Albion is a thriving city of 6,000 inhabitants, situated in the central portion of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The postal, telegraph and telephone facilities are equal to those of the larger cities in the state. Albion is on the main line of the Michigan Central Railroad, 95 miles west of Detroit. The Lansing division of the Lake Shore Michigan Southern crosses the Michigan Central at this place, providing direct connection with the main line of the Lake Shore on the south, and at the north with the Grand Rapids division of the Michigan Central, the Pere Marquette, the Grand Trunk, and other lines. The main line of the Michigan United Railways passes through Albion, giving hourly connections with points east and west. GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS The college campus contains eighteen acres. The old Central Building, 40 by 100 feet, through the generosity of George O. Robinson, LL. D., of Detroit, has been thoroughly renovated and enlarged so that it is in every respect an up-to-date building and now bears the name Robinson Hall. The entire interior of the old building has been reconstructed and an addition four stories in height has been built on the east side of the old building. This addition is 45 by 60 feet and is devoted to the Biological and Botanical Laboratories, together with work rooms and store rooms. The north building, situated just north of the foregoing, is 80 feet long, 50 feet wide and three stories in height. It contains four lecture rooms, quarters for the Commercial School, the Art Studio and two Literary Societies. The Chapel Building stands directly south of the Central Building, and is three stories high, 80 feet long and 50 fee t wide. The second and third stories are wholly devoted to chapel purposes. The first story is devoted to the work of the Conservatory of Music and the Secretary ' s Office. The Astronomical Observatory, erected in 1883, is two 12 ALBION COLLEGE stories high, with a round tower which rises to three stories and is surmounted by a dome. On the lower floor are the lecture rooms of the departments of Astronomy and Mathematics and the pier- room, through which pass the brick supports for the fixed instru- ments. On the second floor are the transit room, containing the Transit Circle, Clock and Chronograph, a computing room, a room for portable instruments, and a room containing the Astronomical and Meteorological Library. In the round tower is placed the Equatorial. The Gymnasium was completed in 1892. The first story is of field stone; above this the building consists of a heavy frame inclosed with brick. The building has a frontage of 54 feet, and is 92 feet in depth, surmounted with a gothic roof to provide suffi- cient height. The McMillan Chemical Laboratory was erected in 1893, the gift of Hon. James McMillan, of Detroit. It is a substantial and modern building, three stories in height above the basement. It is occupied by the departments of Chemistry and Physics. The Lottie L. Gassette Memorial Library is a building of classic design, occupying a central position on the campus. It is 45 by 90 feet. It was given by the late Mrs. Charlotte T. Gassette, of Albion, in memory of her deceased daughter. Four Fraternity Halls have been erected on the east portion of the college grounds, the institution having granted leases of sites for a period of years. The Winter-Lau Athletic Field, of twelve acres, less than two blocks from the College, presents one of the best equipped athletic fields in the West. COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS The purpose of the founders, as expressed in the charter and adhered to in all subsequent amendments, was to establish and maintain a College of Liberal Arts. This is the character of the school today. It is not a theological school. It aims to educate young men and women for the business of life, bearing ever in mind that no education is complete or genuine that neglects the factors of moral and spiritual worth. Albion College is distinc- tively a Christian school. It imposes no theological tests and no religious exactions beyond regular attendance on the daily chapel exercises and at the church of the students ' choice on Sunday. While Albion College demands true scholarship first, last and all the time, she consistently teaches that higher life that is above text-books and laboratory classes and that manifests itself in use- fulness to society as well as to the individual who possesses it. She holds a high ideal of service, and few students leave her halls without this impress deep-seated in their characters. LIBRARIES, LABORATORIES AND OBSERVATORY LIBRARIES. The Library Building, the gift of the late Mrs. Charlotte T. Gassette, of Albion, Michigan, is a substantial new brick structure, well equipped, containing 21,600 volumes, besides about 4,000 un- bound volumes and pamphlets. The Reading Room, commodious and attractive, is abundantly supplied with encyclopedias, dictionaries, lexicons, and general works of reference, together with such books as are temporarily assigned 14 ALBION COLLEGE by members of the Faculty for reference work and collateral read- ing. One hundred twenty periodicals are regularly received. Bound volumes of the leading magazines are made available by the use of Poole ' s Index and its supplements and the Reader ' s Guide to Periodical Literature. The Dewey system of classification is used and a card catalogue makes the books easily accessible. Free access to the stack-room is allowed, and in addition to their use in the Library building, books, with some restrictions, may be drawn for home use. The Library is open on school days from 8 a. m. to 12 m. ; from 1 :30 p. m. to 5 :30 p. m., and on Tuesday and Wednesday evenings from 6:30 to 8:30; Saturday from 8 a. m. to 12 m. Departmental Libraries are also maintained in the Chemical, Biological and Physical Laboratories and in the Astronomical Observatory. ASTRONOMICAL EQUIPMENT. In Astronomy, the facilities offered by the College are ex- cellent. The equipment is fully adequate for purposes of instruction or research. The Equatorial Telescope is of eight inches clear aperture, made and mounted by Alvan Clark Sons. It is pro- vided with circles, coarse and fine, driving clock, filar micrometer, with field and side illumination, and eye pieces giving range from a low-power comet-seeker to eight hundred diameters. The Transit Circle, by Fauth Co., is of a four-inch aperture and is provided with micrometers in right ascension and declination, levels, sensitive to one second of arc and vertical circles reading to single seconds by micrometer microscopes. The Sidereal Clock and Chronograph are by the same makers. All of the instruments are in electrical connection. BIOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT. The Biological Department occupies the new Biological Labora- tory, erected as an addition to Robinson Hall. This addition is 45 by 60 feet, three stories high, above the basement. It contains large laboratories for the classes in Zoology and Botany, accommodating respectively 60 and 40 students. Besides the large windows at the end of each table there are electric lights and gas arc lights that afford ample illumination for evenings or dark days. There are commodious lecture rooms adjoining each. Besides these labora- tories there are smaller laboratories for more advanced classes, YEAR BOOK 1 with the Mime lighting arrangements at in the larger laboratories, as described above. Store rooms and supply rooms, with a large room for a working Botanical Museum occupy the remainder of the space on the lower three floors. On the upper floor are rooms for Museum workshops, with a suite of three rooms which are fully equipped for photographic purposes. The Biological Department is well supplied with such appara- tus as is needed for its work, including over sixty compound micro- scopes, dissecting microscopes, rocking, sliding and rotary micro- tomes, incubator, aquaria, embedding apparatus and a collection of several thousand mounted slides. The Botanical Working Museum is especially designed to contribute to the work in Ecology. It already contains over fifteen hundred species in the herbarium nearly twelve hundred of which are representative of this locality, and many of them represented in numerous specimens which show the plant in immature and winter condition, as well as in flower, etc. There is also a large number of specimens of seeds, woods, barks, fibers, medicinal and commercial products. It is designed to make this collection as completely representative of local plant life and plant products as possible. The Zoological Lecture Room is so arranged as to be speedily darkened and is provided with a stereopticon ; and while there is an ample supply of lantern slides on hand for purposes of instruc- tion, others are being added as occasion demands. The photo- graphic equipment of the laboratory is such as to highly facilitate the rapid increase of this collection. All the laboratories have individual private lockers, each with its own combination lock, and water and gas connections are liberally provided throughout. The supply of material for study and dissection is large and is ample in amount and range of species for both elementary and advanced study. It is constantly enriched through purchase as well as by the collections made by the department and friends of the college. The study and private laboratory oi the professor in charge is on the first floor, adjacent to the Zoological Laboratory, where he may be consulted at any time by those having need of his assistance. PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT. The laboratory work in the department of Physics has b«en greatly strengthened during the past few years by the acquisition of a considerable amount of modern physical apparatus. Among 16 ALBION COLLEGE the instruments now available for class illustration and laboratory work are the following : Vernier calipers, micrometer gauges, microscopes, telescopes, spherometers, Jolly ' s balance, Hawkes- Atwood ' s machine, Toepler-Voss self-charging electrical machine, diffraction grating, optical bench with accessories, photometric ap- paratus, Geneva spectrometer, highly polished prisms, laboratory clock with sweep second hand, bending apparatus with telephone attachment, Boyle ' s law apparatus, Mohr ' s specific gravity balance, laboratory recorder for vibrations of tuning forks, simple pendulum apparatus with sounder for time work, pyknometers, moment of inertia apparatus, Kundt ' s apparatus for velocity of sounds in metals, specific heat apparatus, heat of vaporization apparatus, mic- rometer cathetometer, rheostats, commutators, torsional apparatus, linear expansion apparatus, batteries of various kinds, RhumkorfT induction coil, resistance boxes, Weston voltmeters, Weston am- meters, wireless telegraph outfit, single valued and subdivided mul- tiple condensers, direct reading D ' Arsonval galvanometer, tangent galvanometer, Rowland D ' Arsonval reflecting galvanometer with telescopes and scales, astatic galvanometer, earth inductor, ballistic galvanometer, new Woulff potentiometer, Clark, Carhart-Clark, and Cadmium standard cells, ballistic pendulum, constant volume air thermometer, air pump with accessories, barometers, Melde ' s ap- paratus, Young ' s modulus apparatus with optical lever attachment, dilatometers, vapor pressure apparatus, melting point and heat of fusion apparatus, standard thermometers, voltameters, surface ten- sion apparatus, simple rigidity apparatus, thermopile, and other measuring instruments. CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT. The department occupies the spacious McMillan Chemical Laboratory, with ample space for its lecture rooms and laboratories, and every convenience is provided for both the instructors and students pursuing general or special courses. The basement contains the Portland cement laboratory, the assaying room, the mineralogical collections and the furnace room. In the first story, which is 13 feet high, there is the organic laboratory, 27 by 30 feet, containing tables for 24 students, with 29 feet o f hoods, also wall tables, cases for chemicals, etc. Adjacent to this are the quantitative laboratory, 22 by 30 feet, tables for 20 students, hoods, wall tables, etc., a combustion room, 10 by 17 feet, and dispensing room, 10 by 21 feet. On the other side of the hall is the instructor ' s study. Off this is a private laboratory, with large table, hoods, wall tables, etc. YEAR BOOK 17 The balance room, 9 by 11 feet, and a research room, 15 by 30 feet, complete the equipment of this floor. The second story is also 13 feet high and contains the quali- tative laboratory, 40 by 49 feet, with tables for 80 students, with seven hoods, wall tables, cases, etc. The lecture room, also on this floor, 30 by 37 feet, will accommodate 82 students, the seating being arranged in rising tiers of chairs. The third story is 10 feet high and contains the laboratories of Physics and the Physics Lecture Room. There are eight separate working laboratories all fully supplied with apparatus and chemicals and equipped with gas, water, venti- lation hoods, desks and lockers for each student. These are located on the first and second floors and the basement. The chemical lecture room on the second floor has seating for 80 students and is thoroughly furnished with a large demonstrating lecture table containing pneumatic cistern, oxygen tanks, exhaust, gas, water, sinks, battery, with ventilating hood in rear. Each floor is provided with a capacious dispensing room where chemicals and apparatus are stored to be issued to the student as required. The General and Qualitative Chemical Laboratory on the second floor is equipped with 80 working tables, each having a sink, hood, water faucets, gas, reagent bottles. From the adjacent room may be obtained all chemical apparatus required by the students in their work. The advanced courses are conducted on the first floor and in the basement where are located laboratories for Quantitative, Or- ganic and Technical Chemistry. Every facility is afforded for thorough work. Attached to the laboratories on the second floor is a thoroughly equipped weighing room containing accurate balances, specific gravity apparatus, etc. Tn the basement is located the Laboratory for Portland Cement and assaying, providing all the necessary apparatus for the physical testing of cement and the assaying of ores. Here are crucible and muffle furnaces, both coal and gas, for the fire assays of ores and also crushing, pulverizing and sampling apparatus, tensile strength machines, specific gravity apparatus and all the regular equipment used in the practical handling of cements and ores. A complete laboratory for Gas Analysis, with special reference to its application in the manufacture of illuminating gas, has been installed. IS ALBION OOLLSOhB In the private laboratory of the instructor there is constantly carried on outside work in the examination of raw materials for manufacturing purposes, such as clays, marls, peat, coal, gold and silver ores, iron and steel, sanitary and mineral waters. GROUPING OF COLLEGE WORK Graduates of accredited high schools will be admitted to our Collegiate department without examination, and, in addition to our required work in English, will be permitted to enter any of our courses for which they are fitted, due regard being had to the necessary sequence of courses. Each department will prescribe the order in which courses must be taken. Detailed information concerning entrance requirements will be found on page 60. In harmony with the progressive movement of educational affairs, Albion College will confer the degree of Bachelor of Arts upon all persons who come with suitable preparation and who complete in a manner satisfactory to the faculty a sufficient number of courses to credit them with 120 hours of college work, together with 240 points (see page 55), subject to such limitations of selec- tion as stated below. An hour of college work is understood to mean one hour of recitation or lecture work per week throughout one semester. While the Faculty of Albion College approves the elective system, it has seemed wise to somewhat restrict elections until the student has come fully in touch with his surroundings and has gained some maturity of mind. Freshmen and Sophomores are therefore required to make their election according to the following plan: English I. — Three hours throughout the year. Required of all Freshmen. English II.— Two hours throughout the year. Required of all Sophomores. English Bible— Two hours throughout one year. Required for graduation. YEAR BOOK 19 FRESHMEN. Each group (A and B) must be represented in the schedule of every Freshman. Group A — Group B — latin. Mathematics. Greek. Physics. French. Chemistry. German. Biology I. Botany. After having satisfied the requirements of groups A and B, Freshmen are restricted in their elections to the remaining sub- jects of groups A and B and to the following courses : Gospel History, Apostolic Church, Hebrew, Debating, Oratory, English Literature, European History, History of Civilization, American Government, Mechanical Drawing. SOPHOMORES. At least three hours from each group (A and B) must be represented in the schedule of every Sophomore. Group A — Group B — Latin. Mathematics. Greek. Botany. French. Biology I. German. Advanced Zoology. Literature. Physics. Pro9e Masterpieces. Chemistry. Economics. Logic. After having satisfied the requirements of groups A and B, Sophomores are restricted in their elections to the remaining sub- jects of groups A and B and to the following courses: Gospel History, Apostolic Church, Hebrew, Debating, Oratory, European History, History of Civilization, American Government, Mechanical Drawing, Descriptive Geometry, Old Testament History, English III., American History, English History, Practical Sociology, Astronomy. In foundation courses, in which the year ' s work is continuous, credit will not be given, except by special faculty action, before the completion of the year ' s work. The following courses are considered to be of this character: Economics I., Biology L, Botany, Oratory I., the first year of any language, Chemistry, General Physic . 20 ALBION COLLEGE ENROLLMENT— WORK OF CLASS OFFICERS. 1. The first day of each semester is devoted to the work of enrollment. 2. Each Freshman and Sophomore is assigned to some member of the faculty who will serve as his Class Officer for the year. It is the duty of the student to consult with the Class Officer in the selection of his list of studies, and he may consult him on any mat- ter regarding which he needs advice. Each study ticket must be made out by the Class Officer and must bear his signature before class tickets will be issued. Each student is required, at the begin- ning of his Junior year, to select some department in which he shall take work continuously during the remainder of his course. In conformity with this requirement each student, beginning with his Junior year, shall have as his adviser the professor in charge of the department in which he desires to specialize. This officer will assist the student in the selection of his courses and serve as his general adviser throughout the remainder of his college course. 3. The student will take his entrance blank to the treasurer, who will furnish him with a receipt for the money paid, retaining the study ticket. 4. Immediately afteT the first succeeding chapel exercise the student will call at the office and receive cards entitling him to admission to classes. 5. Failure on the part of any student to enroll on the regular day for registration involves an additional fee of one dollar. DEPARTMENTS OF INSTRUCTION ANCIENT LANGUAGES. LATIN Course I. — Three hours per week, throughout the year. Roman Social and Political Life. This course will consider the social and political side of Roman Civilization. It will include selected readings from Roman historians and supplementary studies in history, geography, religion, and in the private and public life of the people. First Semester. Cicero ' s De Amicitia or De Senectute and read- ings in the legendary history of Rome from Livy, Second Semester. Readings in the more authentic history of Rome from Livy and Tacitus. Course II. — One hour per week throughout the year. Required of all students who take Course III. Tuesdays at 11 :00. First Semester. Roman Social Life. Second Semester. Roman Public Life. Course III. — Three hours per week throughout the year. Roman Art and Artistic Literature. This course will consider the aesthetic side of Roman civilization. It will include readings from the Roman poets and studies in Roman art. Mondays, Wednes- days and Fridays at 10:00. First Semester. Lyric Poetry, selected from Horace, Catullus and Virgil. Second Semester. The Drama, selected from Plautus, Terence and Seneca; Elegiac Poetry, Ovid, Tibullus, Propertius. Course IV. — One hour per week, throughout the year. Required of all students who take Course I. First Semester. Studies in Ancient Religion and Mythology. Second Semester. Ancient Art. Course V. — Three hours per week, throughout the year. Roman Satirical and Philosophical Literature. This course will consider the philosophical or reflective side of Roman civilization. The ethical schools of the Romans will be studied in relation to Greek philosophy on the one hand and to Roman religion on the other. First Semester. Eclecticism, Cicero, Horace, Juvenal. 22 ALBION COLLEGE Second Semester. Epicureanism, Lucretius; and Stoicism, Seneca. Course VI. — Two hours per week, first semester. Advanced Latin Grammar. Fundamental principles of Latin syntax. Tues- days and Thursdays at 10:00. Course VII. — Two hours per week, second semester. The Pedagogy of Latin Teaching. A study of principles and methods, intended especially for students who expect to teach Latin, with drill in practical teaching. Course VIII. — Advanced work in Latin Composition, illustra- tive of principles ; sight reading from Caesar, Cicero, Nepos, Livy, Virgil. First Semester. Two hours. Tuesdays and Thursdays at 10 :00. Courses VI and VIII will be given in alternate years. Course VIII will be given in 1912-1913. GREEK Courses are continuous throughout the year, unless otherwise specified. Course I. — Four hours per week. Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 7:30. A. Odyssey. B. The Greek Historians. Course II. — Four hours. Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 2:15. A. Attic Orators. B. Attic Drama. Course III. — Three hours. Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 1 :15. s A. Plato. B. Greek Epigraphy. A study of early Greek alphabets and inscriptions. Course IV. — Two hours. A. Pausanias. Collateral reading upon the topography, monu- ments and mythology of Ancient Athens. B. Neo-Hellenic. An introduction to the study of Modern Greek, the course being based upon Thumb ' s Handbuch der neu- griechischen Volkssprache. YEAR BOOK 23 Course V. — Seminar. Special facilities are offered for students desirinf to do advanced or graduate work. Courses will be arranged tfo Meet the requirement of individual students. Course VI. — Greek Life. One hour per week. The Life, Art and Literature of the Ancient Greeks will be studied. No knowl- edge of Greek is necessary for this course. (Not given in 1912- 1913.) Course VII. — Normal Greek. One hour. History of Greek Education. Methods of teaching Greek. Open to Juniors and Seniors. (Not given in 1912-1913.) MODERN LANGUAGES. GERMAN AND GERMAN LITERATURE Course I. — Five hours per week throughout the year. Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at both 7:30 and S:30. Reading : Spanhoof d ' s Reader serves as the basis for the year ' s work. Construction : Spanhoof d ' s Lehrbuch der deutschen Sprache is used for drill and home work. Writing: A well arranged series of copy-books is used. Weekly dictation to test the student in ability to write correctly and to express himself readily in German. Conversation : German conversation is employed from the be- ginning, and German is used increasingly in the classroom as the student advances. Course II. — Five hours per week throughout the year. Mon- days, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 11:00. Reading: Lutz ' s German Reader is used during the year. Construction : Review (topically) of the work of the first year. German composition. Conversation: German is used in the classroom as far as the ability of the student will permit. Course III. — Four hours per week, throughout the year. Mon- days, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays at 10:00. First Semester: Deutsches Lesebuch fur Quarta und Tertia. Quiz on the geography, government and actual conditions of Ger- many. Study of syntax and free composition. 24 ALBION COLLEGE Second Semester : Deutsches Lesebuch fur Secunda und Prima. Quiz on the topic Germany continued. Study of syntax and free composition. Course IV. — Four hours per week, throughout the year. Mon- days, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays at 2:15. First Semester: Modern German Poetry. Lyrics and Ballads. Advanced German Composition. Reproduction of German stories. Original composition. Second Semester : Modern German Poetry. Epic Poetry. Advanced German Composition. Continuation of the first semester ' s work. Course V. — Two hours per week throughout the year. Hours to be arranged. Study of the German Drama. Its development from the earliest times. Dramatic masterpieces, especially those of the c lassic period, will be studied. Note. — No one is eligible who has not had Course III , or its equivalent. Course VI. — Seminar in Modern Languages. Hours to be arranged. This course is intended only for advanced students. Every one must first be approved by the instructor before enrolling in this class Course VII. — Two hours per week throughout the year. Advanced German Composition. Special attention is given to the idioms of the language. Reproduction, on the part of the student, of German stories, dictation, etc. Note. — Only students having had two years of German, and who are taking German at the time, will be permitted to enter the class. Course VIII. — Seminar in Modern Languages. NORMAL WORK IN GERMAN. In order that every prospective teacher of German may have the opportunity to train professionally before going out into the active work of teaching, it has been decided to add this feature to the German Department. Every student, desiring to avail himself of this opportunity, is expected to take regular work in German while engaged in the Normal work. The Normal Course is intended to cover the Junior and Senior years of the college course. YEAR BOOK FIRST YEAR. First Semester: History of Education (see Pedagogy). Credit three hours. Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 2:15. Second Semester: History of Modern Language Teaching. Elements of Phonetics. Analytical-inductive method of teaching German Grammar. What and how to select for a reading course in German. Credit two hours. Hours to be arranged. During the entire year the student is required to attend begin- ning language classes as observer. SECOND YEAR. First and Second Semesters: Methods in German. The stu- dent is expected to attend the beginning class in German, assist in looking over and correcting written work as well as work on the blackboard for the purpose of personal preparation, and teach a class of pupils of high school strength in the afternoon in the presence of the instructor. Discussion and criticism once a week. Credit two hours. Hours to be arranged. FRENCH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. Course I. — Four hours per week throughout the year. Mon- days, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays at both 7:30 and 8:30. First Semester: Reading. Easy Prose. Construction ; pronunciation ; study of the parts of speech ; conversation. Second Semester : Reading of easy prose continued. Construction; grammar; French composition; conversation; the study of modern France. Course II. — Four hours per week throughout the year. Mon- days, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays at 11 :00. First and Second Semesters: Reading. Such books at Sand ' s La Mare au Diable; Erckmann-Chatrian ' s Madame Therese, Le Consent ; some easy French plays are read and interpreted in French. Construction ; grammar ; French composition. Conversation ; the study of France ; its customs and institu- tions. Course III. — Two hours a week throughout the year. Mon- days and Wednesdays at 1:15. First and Second Semesters. Duval ' s History of French Liter- ature will be taken up and studied with appropriate selections from 26 ALBION COLLEGE French authors. The study of the history of French Grammar will also be begun. Course IV. — Two hours per week throughout the year. Hours to be arranged. French conversation. Baumann ' s Pictorial French Course and French Daily Life, serve as the basis for the year ' s work. Special attention is given to the idioms of the language. Repro- duction, on the part of the student, of French stories, dictation, etc. Note. — Only students having had at least one year of French and who are taking French at the time, will be permitted to enter the class. NORMAL WORK IN FRENCH. In order that every prospective teacher of French may have the opportunity to train professionally before going into the active work of teaching, it has been decided to add this feature to the Department of Romance Languages. Every student, desiring to avail himself of this opportunity, is expected to take regular work in the department while engaged in the Normal work. The Normal Course is intended to cover the Junior and Senior years of the college course. FIRST YEAR. First Semester: History of Education (see Pedagogy.) Credit three hours. Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 2:15. Second Semester: History of Modern Language Teaching. Elements of Phonetics. Analytical-inductive method of teaching French grammar. What and how to select for a reading course in French. Credit two hours. Hours to be arranged. During the entire year the student is required to attend begin- ning language classes as observer. SECOND YEAR. First and Second Semesters. Methods in French. The student is expected to attend the beginning class in French, assist in looking over and correcting written work as well as the work on the blackboard for the purpose of personal preparation, and teach a class of pupils of high school strength in the afternoon in the presence of the instructor. Discussion and criticism once a week. Credit two hours. SPANISH. Continuation of first year ' s work. Grammar, Reading, Conver- YEAR BOOK 27 sation. Two hours per week throughout the year. Tuesdays and Thursdays at 1:15. Note. — Other Teutonic or Romance Languages may be offered if sufficient numbers present themselves for such courses. ENGLISH LANGUAGE. Course I. — The Elements of Logical Composition. Three hours per week throughout the year. Required of all Freshmen. A study of the principles of rhetoric, together with practice in the construction of exposition and argumentative discourse. The work is divided equally into recitation from text, writing and criticism of standard examples of English prose. This class will be divided into three sections. Students deficient in the rudiments of composi- tion will be required to do special work to make up the deficiency, Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 8:30, 10:00 and 11:00. Course II. — The Elements of Literary Composition. Two hours per week throughout the year. Required of all Sophomores. First Semester : A study of Persuasion ; an investigation into the laws of inducing action ; the practice of methods of winning men. This course is based on the principles of psychology under- lying the phenomenon of belief, and is an attempt to learn the rules and the practice of employing words to win approval and action. Second Semester: A study of Description and Narration from the standpoint of the laws of mental imagery and rhetorical struc- ture. Reading and criticism of novels and short stories. The work is supplemented and emphasized by a brief study of the essentials of poetry, in order to appreciate the significance and basis of the emotional element in composition, Wednesdays and Fridays at 8:30 and 10:00. Course III. — A study of English Prose Style. Two hours per week throughout the year. An . inductive investigation of the Masterpieces of English Prose from Bacon to Emerson, supple- mented by a study of the various theories of style. Tuesdays and Thursdays at 7 :30. Coarse IV. — Writing. One hour a week throughout the year. This course is designed to furnish practice for those students who wish to develop the art of writing No limit is placed on the range of subjects. Open only to those who have had two years 28 ALBION COLLEGE of work in the Department of English Language. The instructor reserves the right to limit the number of this class at his discretion. Fridays at 11:00. Course V . — Debating. Three hours a week throughout the first semester. Weekly drill in speaking and the drawing of briefs upon assigned topics. Open only to those who have completed Course I. Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 3:15. ENGLISH LITERATURE. Course I. — Four hours throughout the year. Tuesdays, Wed- nesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 8:30. First Semester: English Literature. From the Beginning to the Revival of Romanticism. Special attention is paid to Shake- speare and Milton. Second Semester: English Literature. Periods studied include Romanticism and the Nineteenth Century in prose and poetry. In the Masterpieces the Lake Edition is preferred. Notebooks are made throughout the course. Collateral reading in the college library is required. Course II. — The Romantic Poets. Two hours. Tuesdays and Thursdays at 11:00. Origin and influence of the Romantic Move- ment. Classicism and Romanticism contrasted. Special study, in first semester, of Wordsworth and Byron ; in second semester, of Shelley and Keats. Course III. — Prose Masterpieces. Two hours. Tuesdays and Thursdays at 7:30. A study of English Prose from Bacon to Emerson, supplemented by a study of the various theories of style. This course is also listed under English Language. Course IV. — The Elizabethan Drama. Three hours. A study of English Drama in the age of Queen Elizabeth, its origin and tendencies. A large number of the plays of Shakespeare and of his contemporaries and predecessors will be read and discussed. (Not given in 1912-1913.) Course V. — Victorian Poets. A. Two hours. Mondays and Wednesdays at 7:30. The character and tendencies of English Poetry in the reign of Queen Victoria. A special study of Tennyson in the first semester and of Browning in the second semester. Some attention paid to the poetry of Rossetti, Morris and Swinburne. YEAR BOOK 29 Course VI.— Victorian Poets. B. Two hours. Mondays and Wednesdays at 3:15. This course will involve a careful study of Fitzgerald ' s translation of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, some selected poems of Matthew Arnold, and Tennyson ' s In Memoriam. Special attention will be paid to the attitude displayed toward the problems of life. PUBLIC SPEAKING. Course I. — Elocution. Two hours per week throughout the year. Tuesdays and Thursdays at 2:15 and 3:15. First Semester : The Physical Aspects of Public Speech. Drill in pronunciation, enunciation, variety, directness, the development of vocal purity and vocal energy. Second Semester : The Intellectual and Emotional Side of Public Speech. Daily drill on Masterpieces of Oratory, with the object of cultivating appreciativeness, poise, color, melody and mastery of an audience. Course .—Two hours a week throughout the year. First Semester : A Study of Great Orators. This course combines a study of the lives and works of the world ' s greatest orators, with practice in the application of the principles of Public Speaking. Using the lives and speeches of the orators under discussion, the student presents declamations , outlines, topical speeches, and discussions of various kinds, thus putting into use the principles studied in Course I. Second Semester : Interpretation. The object of this course is to enable every student in the class to develop the kind of platform work for which he is best suited. Thus the course takes up the interpretation of poetry, dramatic reading, scenes from the drama, dialogues, and a continuation of some of the work of the first semester. Course II is open only to those who have had Course I or its equivalent and have completed English I. (Not given in 1912- 1913.) Course III. — Interpretive Reading. The class will analyze and interpret two plays of Shakespeare each semester. The plays will be chosen from the following list : Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, Julius Caesar, 30 ALBION COLLEGE Twelfth Night, A Midsummer Night ' s Dream, As You Like It, The Taming of the Shrew, and Much Ado About Nothing. Only open to those who have had English I and Oratory I. Tuesdays and Thursdays at 11 :00. The Oratorical Association of Albion College each year sends representatives to four state oratorical contests : The Men ' s Inter-Collegiate State Contest, the Woman ' s Inter-Collegiate State Contest, the State Peace Contest, and the State Prohibition Contest. Each year the Association also conducts three inter-collegiate debates. Students wishing to participate in any of these are urged to take Oratory I as early in their course as possible. HISTORY. Course I. — History of Europe. From the dissolution of the Roman Empire to the beginning of the Twentieth Century. About one-third of the course will be devoted to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Particular attention will be given to eco- nomic and social progress in the various European countries. (Not given in 1912-1913.) First Semester : Three hours. Second Semester : Three hours. Text books. Collateral read- ing. Lectures. Course .—American History. Emphasis will be laid upon the influence of geographic conditions in American history, the de- velopment of our constitutional system, the industrial progress of the nation, its tariff history, the anti-slavery agitation and the problems connected with the reconstruction. A. Second Semester: Four hours. (Not given in 1912-1913.) B. First Semester : Four hours. Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 8:30. C. Second Semester : Three hours. Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays at 8:30. Text books. Lectures. Collateral reading. Reports. Course III. — English History. Particular attention will be given to the constitutional and economic history of England. First Semester: Four hours. Text books. Lectures. Col- lateral reading. Reports. (Not given in 1912-1913.) Course IV. — Methods in History. Course II or III is a pre- requisite. Second Semester : One hour. Fridays at 8 :30. YEAR BOOK 31 ECONOMICS. Course I. — Introductory. A prerequisite to all other courses in economics. A brief study of the fundamental laws of economic science and the application of economic principles to practical problems. Among the topics considered will be value, capital, wages, interest, profit, rent, money and banking, labor laws, labor organizations, taxation and finance, socialism, transportation, mon- opoly, municipal ownership. Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 10:00. First Semester: Three hours. Second Semester: Three hours Text book. Collateral read- ing. Course II. — Labor Problems and Labor Organizations. A study of the aims, ideals, methods and evolution of organized labor in the United States. Unemployment. Wages. Standard of living. Child and woman labor. Strikes. Arbitration. Immigration. Profit-sharing. Co-operation. Industrial education. Recent ten- dencies. Frst Semester : Four hours. Lectures. Text book. Collateral reading. Reports. (Not given in 1912-1913.) Course III. — Economic Problems. Custom and Competition. Trusts and Combinations — history, benefits and evils of trusts, methods of control, etc. Railways — history, organization, theory of rates, state and national control, etc. Agricultural Economics. First Semester : Four hours. Lectures. Text book. Collateral reading. Reports. Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thurs- days at 11:00. Course IV. — Socialism and Social Reform. Communism. Social- ism. Christian Socialism. Anarchism. The Single Tax Movement. The Social Work Program. Second Semester : Two hours. Lectures. Text book. Col- lateral reading. Tuesdays ?vA Thursdays at 11:00. Course V. — Taxation and Finance, Governmental Expenditures. History and Theory of Taxation. The General Property Tax. The Land Tax. Income and Inheritance Taxes. The Single Tax. Tax Reform. Public Debts. Financial Administration. Second Semester: Three hours. Text book. Lectures. Col- lateral reading. Reports. (Not given in 1912-1913.) Course VI. — Elementary Statistics. The theory of statistics. 32 ALBION COLLEGE Methods employed in statistical investigation. The Census of 1910. (Not given in 1912-1913.) Second Semester: One hour. Exercises. Lectures. Course VII. — Advanced Economics. Problems connected with the distribution of wealth. Second Semester: Two hours. Lectures. Collateral reading. Reports. Mondays and Wednesdays at 11 :00. Course VIII. — Money and Banking. Economics of Finance. Monetary Systems. Principles of Banking. Banking Laws. For- eign Exchange. Credit. Second Semester: Three hours. Text book. Collateral read- ing. (Offered in the School of Business.) Course IX. — Rural Economics. A brief study of the economic and social problems of the rural districts in the United States. Second Semester : One hour. Text book. Reports. POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE. Course I. — History of Civilization. A review of the elements of civilization from a historical point of view. The development of political and legal institutions, the evolution of religion and of morals, the growth of commerce, wealth and industrial institutions, and the development of literature, art and education. The elements of sociology. This course is offered as an introduction to the various courses in Economics, History and Political Science. Second Semester : Three hours. Text book. Lectures. Col- lateral reading. Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 7 :30. Course II. — Government in the United States. A brief study of national, state and local government in the United States. Second Semester : Three hours. Text book. Lectures. Col- lateral reading. Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 7 :30. Course III. — World Politics. Special attention will be given to conditions in the Orient. International Arbitration. (Not given in 1912-1913.) Second Semester: Two hours. Lectures. Collateral reading. Reports. Course IV. — Practical Sociology. A study of the causes of poverty, degeneracy and crime. Private and public relief. Care of defectives. Reformatories and prisons. Juvenile delinquency. The juvenile court. Housing. Social centers. Students will be ex- pected to visit County and State Institutions. This course is YEAR BOOK 33 designed to be of especial benefit to prospective teachers and social workers. First Semester: One hour. Lectures. Collateral reading. Reports. Mondays at 8:30. MATHEMATICS. The object of this department is two-fold, to give mental discipline and to practically apply the principles to the different arts and sciences. Clear thinking and expression of such thoughts in graphic form or by concise English are emphasized; mechanical methods of obtaining results are avoided. Though many of the subjects offered are usually classed under Pure Mathematics, their practical application is given due prominence. The wisdom of this course will be easily seen when it is remembered that mathematical principles underlie the great mechanical enterprises of modern civilization. Course I. — College Algebra. First Semester: Four hours. Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thurs- days and Fridays at 7:30 and 8:30. Course II. — Plane and Spherical Trigonometry. Second Semester : Four hours. Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, 7 :30 and 8 :30. Course III. — Analytic Geometry and Differential Calculus begun. The course in Analytic Geometry includes the point, straight line, conic sections and the equation of the second degree. First Semester: Four hours. Text, Tanner and Allen. Tues- days, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 10:00. Course IV. — Differential Calculus completed and Integral Cal- culus. Text, Osborne. Second Semester : Four hours. Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thurs- days and Fridays at 10 :00. Course V. — Theory of Equations. Text, Burnside and Panton. Three hours. First Semester. Hours to be arranged. Course VI. — Theory of Determinants. Text, Weld. Three hours. Second Semester. Hours to be arranged. Course VII. — Advanced Analytics. This course is a continuation Course III. It treats of higher plane curves, and geometry of three dimensions. Alternate years. First Semester. Three hours. Course VIII. — Elementary Differential Equations. Text, Mur- ray. Three hours. Second Semester. Alternate years. ♦Not given in 1912-1913. 34 ALBION COLLEGE A two hours course in Solid Geometry will be organized for college students. Alternate years. Second Semester. Additional courses will be offered when necessary. During the last three years the following courses have been given : Advanced Differential Equations, Advanced Calculus, Modern Analytics and Projective Geometry. A Mathematical Club is maintained in connection with this department. The object of this club is to promote interest in current mathematical subjects and to discuss the best methods of teaching Mathematics. APPLIED MATHEMATICS. Course I. — Mechanical Drawing. This course consists of three parts as follows : A. Lettering: A study of free hand styles and the design of titles for drawings. Text, Wilson ' s Free-hand Lettering. B. Geometrical Construction : The use and care of instru- ments, and the construction of such curves as the ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, cycloid and involutes. C. Elementary Working Drawings : Shop drawings of various machine parts. Tracing. First Semester: Two hours. Hours to be arranged. Second Semester : Two hours. Hours to be arranged. Open to Freshmen. Course II. — Descriptive Geometry. In this course problems are solved relating to the point, line and plane,, the properties of sur- faces and intersections and developments. Text, Church ' s Descrip- tive Geometry. Given alternate years. First Semester : Two hours. Hours to be arranged. Second Semester : Two hours. Hours to be arranged. Prerequisite: Applied Mathematics I. ASTRONOMY. This department is necessarily closely allied with that of Mathematics. A clear idea of Spherical Geometry is needed even in an elementary course, and Spherical Trigonometry is used more and more as one advances. The aim will be to use enough of the YEAR BOOK 36 wealth of Astronomical Mythology, Biography and History to make this science highly interesting. Course I. — This course will combine Descriptive and General Astronomy. Prerequisites : Freshman Mathematics, and a course in Physics. The purpose is to give the student a conception of the solar system and the stellar heavens. Attention will be paid to the constellations and current celestial phenomena. Use of the equatorial, transit and sidereal clock for simpler problems of Prac- tical Astronomy ; use of nautical almanac ; calculation of problems. Three hours throughout the. year. Alternate years. Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 11:00. (Not given in 1912-1913.) PHYSICS. The beginning college courses in Physics are open to election by students who have completed the college entrance requirements in Mathematics and Physics. Courses I. A to II B, inclusive, are foundation courses for students who either desire the cultural value accompanying the critical study of the physical world in which we live, or expect to specialize in physical science or allied sciences. Courses T A to III A, inclusive, constitute the minimum prepara- tion in Physics required of students who desire the support of the department in securing special positions as teachers of Physics or of Physics in conjunction with allied lines of work. Courses I. A to II B, inclusive, are also foundation courses in Physics for students who plan to pursue any line of engineering or medical work. Courses IV to X., inclusive, require the use of calculus methods, and students who desire to take these courses should, therefore, begin their college mathematics early in their collegiate course so that they may obtain the necessary mathematical training, A Physical Research Club has been organized by the advanced students in the department in conjunction with the head of the department. The object of this club is to keep its members in touch with the progress due to the discoveries being made in the laboratories of this and other countries. Course I. — College Physics. Illustrated lectures, recitations and laboratory work. The character of this course will be somewhat changed for the year 1912-1913, by the introduction of more labora- tory experiments, of more simple problems illustrating the prin- ciples studied, and by the omission of the more difficult mathe- matical demonstrations. These omitted portions will be taken up in connection with Course II in Advanced General Physics, 3d ALBION COLLEGE Section I. — Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, 1:15 to 3:15. Section II. — Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, 3:15 to 5:15. A. Mechanics and Sound. Three hours. First Semester. B. Heat and Light. Three hours. Second Semester. C. Electricity. Two hours. Either First Semester or Second Semester. Two double hours, to be arranged. Course II. — Advanced General Physics. Illustrated lectures and recitations. Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays at 8:30. A. Heat and Electricity. Three hours. First Semester. B. Electricity and Light. Three hours. Second Semester. Course III. — A. Methods in Physics. One hour. Both Sem- esters. This course is open to election by Juniors and Seniors who have completed Courses I A to II B, inclusive. Hours to be arranged. Course III. — B. Laboratory Problems. Two hours. Both Semesters. Laboratory experiments in Mechanics, Heat and Light. Hours to be arranged. Course IV. — Electrical and Battery Measurements. Three hours throughout the year. This is a laboratory course involving calculus methods and must be preceded by Course II B, and a course in calculus. Hours to be arranged. Course V. — Electromagnetic Theory. Two or three hours throughout the year. This is a course involving calculus methods and is open to students who have completed Course II B, and a course in calculus. Hours to be arranged. Course VI. — Theory of Heat and Thermodynamics. Two hours throughout the year. A study of Preston ' s Theory of Heat and lectures on Thermodynamics. Open to election by students who have completed Course I in Physics and a course in calculus. Hours to be arranged. Course VII. — Theory of Sound. Two hours. First Semester. Lectures and recitations. Calculus methods are employed. Open to election by students who have completed Course I in Physics and a course in calculus. Hours to be arranged. Course VIII. — Theory of Light. Two hours. Second Semester. Study of Preston ' s Theory of Light. Open to election by students who have completed Course VII. Hours to be arranged. Course IX. — Elements of Electrical Engineering. (Not given in 1912-1913.) A. Direct Currents. Two or three hours. First Semester. YEAR BOOK ST B. Alternating Currents. Two or three hours. Second Se- mester. Course X. — Advanced Mechanics. Two or three hours through- out the year. Open to students who have completed Course I in Physics and a course in calculus. In this course advanced problems in Mechanics will be studied, to many of which calculus methods will be applied. Hours to be arranged. Note. — Of the work described in Courses IV to X. inclusive, not to exceed eight hours will be given during either semester of 1912-1913. Those particular courses will be given for which there is the greatest demand. Students desiring to elect any of the Courses IV. to X. are requested to consult with the instructor before the close of the year 1911-1912. CHEMISTRY. The McMillan Chemical Laboratory is constantly sending out its graduates into the manufacturing world as practical and suc- cessful chemists. The courses presented are similar to those of other institutions given under the head of Chemical and Mining Engineering, and our students are, many of them, directing the chemical work of manufacturing concerns. Well trained and capable chemists are in good demand and oftentimes the laboratory is unable to meet the demand for such trained labor. The laboratory also sends out many successful teachers of Chemistry to our leading schools and colleges. It will be noticed that after Courses I , II , III and IV in General Chemistry are completed, the work may divide into several lines depending upon the prospective work of the student, viz., Chemical Engineering, Hygiene, Organic Chemistry, Medicine or Pharmacy. All students in Chemistry will pursue the courses under the first heading, as these constitute a foundation for those that follow. GENERAL CHEMISTRY. Course I. — General Chemistry. Five double hours. First Semester, with lecture table demonstrations, lectures and laboratory work. Text, Alexander Smith ' s College Chemistry. Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, 1:15 to 3:15. 38 ALBION COLLEGE Course II. — Qualitative Analysis. Five double hours. Second Semester. The reactions of the various metals and their salts are studied with a view to their separation and identification and as well to lay a thorough foundation for all subsequent work. The course also includes a special study of oxidation and reduction. Texts, Fall ' s Manual of Qualitative Analysis and Prescott and Johnson ' s Qualitative Analysis. Hours as in Course I. Course III. — Quantitative Chemistry. Four Hours. First Semester. Laboratory work twelve hours per week, with lectures and recitations. (a) Gravimetric Analysis. The students first analyze substances of known composition in order that they may constantly check the accuracy of their work and that they may study the fundamental processes of gravimetric analysis without the interference of foreign substances, (b) Volumetric Analysis. This includes the study of calibration of apparatus, indicators, acidimetry, alkalimetry, oxidations, and reductions. Special em- phasis is placed upon the preparation and use of standard solutions as employed in technical work. Prerequisites, Courses I and II. Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays, 1:15 to 4:15. Course IV.— Advanced Quantitative Chemistry. Four hours. Second Semester. A continuation of Course III , in which the work consists of the analysis of materials of the complex nature such as is met in actual practice. Twelve hours laboratory work per week. Prerequisites, Courses I , II and III. Hours as in Course III. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. Course V. — Mineralogy. Three double hours. First Semester. Text, Moses and Parsons ' Elements of Mineralogy. About forty typical minerals are studied by means of both chemical and physical tests, with a view to their identification and also to learn the methods by which any mineral may be determined. This course must be preceded by Courses I and II. Given in 1913-1914 and each alternate year. The next five courses are included under the general head of Chemical Technology. The work occupies two entire years. They are such studies as are found in courses in the leading universities under the title of Chemical and Mining Engineering. Course VI. — Technical Analysis. Four hours. First Semester. Laboratory practice twelve hours per week. This course includes the study of coal, its nature, distribution, heating value and methods of analysis; illuminating ' gas, its chemistry, analysis and manufac- YEAR BOOK 39 hire ; the analysis of water with reference to its use for commercial purposes. Special emphasis is placed upon the interpretation of the analytical results. Prerequisite Course III. Mondays, Tues- days, Wednesdays and Thursdays, 1.15 to 4:15. Course VII. — Portland Cement. Four hours. Second Semester. Laboratory work twelve hours per week. Lecture and quiz one hour per week. Text, Meade ' s Portland Cement. This course includes the study of raw materials, composition, manufacture and testing of the finished product. Students entering this course must have had Course III and all preceding courses. Hours as in Course VI. Course VIII. — Assaying. Three hours. Second Semester. Lec- tures and recitations. Laboratory work eight hours per week. This course includes the study of the methods of fire assaying and the metallurgy of gold, silver and lead. Prerequisites, Courses I , II., III. and V. Given in 1913-1914 and each alternate year. Course IX. — Metallurgy of Iron and Steel. Three hours. First Semester. Lectures and recitations. A study of the methods of manufacture and the properties of iron and steel. Text, Hiorn ' s Steel and Iron for Advanced Students. Prerequisites, Courses I and II. Given in 1912-1913. Hours to be arranged. Course X. — Iron and Steel Analysis. Three hours. Second Semester. Nine hours ' laboratory work per week. Text, Blair. This course includes the study of the best known methods of analysis of iron and steel. Prerequisites : Courses III , IV and IX Given in 1912-1913 and each alternate year. Hours to be arranged. Course XI. — Electrolysis. Three hours. First Semester. Lab- oratory work nine hours per week. Text, Smith. Will be given in 1913-1914 and each alternate year. Prerequisites : Courses I to III , inclusive, and Courses I and II in Physics. Hours to be arranged. SANITARY, MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY. Course XII. — Organic Chemistry. Five hours. The study of the text, with lectures, three days per week. Laboratory work in synthetical preparation six hours per week. First Semester. This course may be taken by students who have completed Course II. The work of the first semester covers a study of the paraffin hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Text, Perkin and Kipping. Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 11:00. Other hours to be arranged. 40 ALBION COLLEGE Course XIII. — Organic Chemistry. Five hours. This is Course XII. continued through the second semester The work includes the study of benzene hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Study of text and organic preparations as in the first semester. Hours as in Course XII. Course XIV. — Sanitary Water Analysis. Three hours. First Semester. Laboratory practice eight hours per week. Given in 1912-1913 and each alternate year. Prerequisites, Courses III , XII and XIII. This course is a study of the methods of analysis of water to determine its fitness for domestic use. Special attention is given to the interpretation of analytical results. Hours to be arranged. Course XV. — The Chemistry of Foods. Three hours. Second Semester. Laboratory work seven hours per week, lecture one hour per week. Texts, Leach ' s Food Inspection and Analysis and Snyder ' s Human Foods. This course includes a study of the composition, dietetic value and adulteration of foods. Typical meth- ods of analysis are studied in the laboratory. Given in 1912-1913 and each alternate year thereafter. Prerequisites, Courses III , XII and XIII. The course includes a study of methods of analysis of food products with a view to ascertaining their strength and purity. Flour, milk, butter and other foods are studied. Given in 1912-1913 and each alternate year. Prerequisites, Courses III , XII and XIII. Hours to be arranged. Course XVI. — Sanitary Science. Three hours. Second Se- mester. Lectures and research work. Includes the study of com- municable diseases, their origin, development, spread and prevention ; a study of the air, nature, sources of contamination, sewer gas, plumbing, disinfection, ventilation; water, its composition, distri- bution and pollution ; disposal of sewage and house refuse ; foods, purity, adulteration, methods of detecting, cooking, diet; clothing; home making. Will be given in 1913-1914 and each alternate year. Course XVII. — Ultimate Organic Analysis. Two hours. Sec- ond Semester. Six hours ' laboratory work per week. A separate laboratory, thoroughly equipped for this purpose, is provided. Hours to be arranged. Course XVIII. — Normal Chemistry. Two hours each semester. Hours to be arranged. Students expecting to teach chemistry will be given work in practice teaching, chemical manipulation and the care and manage- ment of a laboratory. TBJLR BOOK 41 Students doing meritorious work in the above courses readily receive advance credit for them in the leading universities, engineer- ing schools and medical colleges. BIOLOGY. Course I. — Zoology. Four hours throughout the year. Three hours weekly are spent in the laboratory in the study of types representing nearly all the more important classes of the animal kingdom. The laboratory work is accompanied by two lectures or quizzes each week, roughly parallel to the laboratory work, on the comparative anatomy and classification of animals. Mondays and Fridays, 1:15; Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays, 1:15 and 2:15. A. Protozoans, Sponges, Coelenterates and Echinoderms. B. Worms, Molluscs, Arthropods and Vertebrates. Course II. — Botany. Six hours. One hour lecture or quiz and two double hours in the laboratory or the field, weekly, throughout the year. Mondays and Fridays, 7:30 to 9:30; Wednesdays at 3:15. While it is desirable that the student entering this course should have had Elementary Botany, it is not required. A. The Processes of Plant Life; the Structure of Plants; a systematic study of the lower plants, from Myxomycetes to Fungi. First semester. B. Continuation of the above, extending the study to the Spermatophytes. A considerable part of the time during the spring will be given to field work in Ecology, as the weather permits. Second semester. Course III. — Laboratory Methods and Microscopical Technique. Two hours. Second Semester. Two double hours in the laboratory, with lectures or quizzes each week. This course is especially de- signed for those who expect to teach the natural sciences or to pursue the study of medicine. It applies on the Normal Course. It includes methods of killing, fixing and preserving; section cut- ting and mounting ; the microscope and microscopical methods ; testing and proper use of instruments, with repair of same; field work ; fauna and flora ; general care of a laboratory. Those taking this as a normal course will be expected to give a certain amount of time to work with classes- in the laboratories. (Not given in 1912-1913.) Course IV. — Advanced Zoology. Six hours. Three hours weekly throughout the year. Acquaintance with the general facts 42 ALBION COLLEGE of Zoology will be assumed and the time will be devoted to the philosophy of Zoology and to the discussion of leading Biological questions. Text, Thompson ' s Outlines of Zoology, lectures and seminar work. Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays, 7:30. First Semester : General survey ; nature of protoplasm ; the cell ; animal and plant; heredity; sex; protozoa; origin of the metazoa; coelentera. Second Semester : Cursory examination of other invertebrate types; Vertebrates. Course V . — Embryology. Three hours. A course of three double hours in the laboratory or lecture room per week, during the second semester. Chief stress will be laid upon Vertebrates, which will be studied comparatively, bringing out the general prin- ciples governing their development. (Not given in 1912-1913.) PHOTOGRAPHY. The Theory, Processes and Applications of Photography, with especial reference to (a) its utilization as an aid to the teacher ; (b) artistic photography Two hours. Second semester. GEOLOGY. Prerequisites : Physics, Chemistry and Zoology. A study of the changes at present going on upon the earth ; their causes and the records they have left in the rocks ; the development of existing surface configurations; the changes in past conditions of physical geography and their consequent reaction upon life systems. Especial attention is given to the development of the North American continent, and to the geological history of Mich- igan. Three hours each week throughout the year. Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays, 8:30. PHILOSOPHY. Course I. — Psychology. First Semester. Four hours. This is a course in General Psychology. It treats especially of the senses, intellect, the feelings and the will. It will include simple experi- TEAR BOOK 43 mcnts on the primary problems and a careful outline study of the nervous system. Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 7:30. Course II. — Logic. Second Semester. Four hours. A course in Formal Logic, presented by means of text books, lectures and discussion. The first part of the semester will be devoted to Deduc- tion, aiming to acquaint the student with the various laws and forms of the syllogism, and with the methods of detecting logical fallacies. The second part of the semester is devoted to Inductive Logic, and treats of inference, induction, hypothesis, analogy, prob- ability, chance, etc. The relations of Logic to actual life are care- fully considered. Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 7:30. Course III. — Ethics. Second Semester. Four hours. The study and comparison of the methods used in history for the ascertainment of the ultimate principles of Ethics, and methods of their application to the ordinary conditions of daily life, both for the individual and for the state. Especial attention is given to the most recent views. Course IV. — History of Ancient and Mediaeval Philosophy. First Semester. Three hours. The rise and general course of the philosophical systems of Greece and their influence on history. This is followed by a study of the course of philosophical develop- ment in the middle ages and its theological and social connections. Course V. — History of Modern Philosophy. Second Semester. Three hours. A consideration of the characteristic doctrines of Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, Hume, Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, and some current forms of Sensationalism, Ideal- ism, Skepticism, Mysticism and Pragmatism. The principles of thought development and their relation to religion and society will be emphasized. Course VI. — The Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle. First Semester. Three hours. An intensive study of the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, including the study of their more important writings, the historical connections of their philosophy, and their influence in history. Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 11 :00. Course VII. — Kant and Modern Metaphysics. Second Semes- ter. Three hours. A study of the problem of knowledge and Kant ' s solution of it, together with the most recent tendencies and interpretations. Hours as in Course VI. 44 ALBION COLLEGE Courses II and III will be given in alternate years. Course II will be given in 1912-1913. Courses VI and VII will be given in 1912-1913. Courses IV and V will be given in 1913-1914. PEDAGOGY. This work is restricted to Juniors and Seniors. Note. — Students are advised to adjust their college work so that the Normal Courses may be distributed over the last two years of their college course. The course of study in this department has been approved by the State Board of Education, and students completing it are entitled to the Teacher ' s College Certificate, issued by the State Board of Education. Upon a subsequent page, under the general heading COLLEGE WORK TABULATED, will be found a statement of the specific courses offered as Normal Work. Especial attention is given to the History of Education, to the comparison of Continental Educational Systems with our own, to the subject of School Law and to Applied Psychology. In connection with the work indicated above, there are Methods Courses in English, Physics, History, Biology, Chemistry, Latin, German, French, Greek and Mathematics. The various Normal Courses are offered in connection with work in the different departments of the institution. Applied Psychology, History of Education and School Law are required of all candidates for the Teacher ' s College Certificate. The remain- der of the work candidates should elect, as far as possible, in the subjects they expect to teach. Applied Psychology. Second Semester. Three hours. Tues- days, Wednesdays and Thursdays at 10:00. History of Education. First Semester. Three hours. Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 2:15. School Law. First Semester. One hour. Mondays at 10:00. THE ENGLISH BIBLE. The work in this department is so arranged that the various courses, taken as a whole, give a complete survey of the English TEAR BOOK 46 Bible, from different points of view. Each course is continuous throughout the year, unless otherwise indicated. Course I. — Gospel History. Two hours. The course will begin with a study of the Maccabean and Roman periods of Jewish History, in order that a clear idea of the political, social and historical background of the Gospel History may be secured. Open to students in any department. Tuesdays and Thursdays at 11:00. Course .—The Apostolic Church. Two hours. The history and teaching of the Apostolic Church will be studied. Special attention will be given to the political and social conditions of the times. Open to Freshmen. Tuesdays and Thursdays at 8:30. Course III. — Old Testament History. Two hours. The History of Syria and Palestine will be studied, from the earliest times to the Maccabean epoch. Open to Sophomores. Tuesdays and Thurs- days at 3:15. Course IV. — Biblical Masterpieces. Two hours. The English Bible will be studied from the literary point of view. Attention will also be given to the influence of the English Bible upon English Literature. Open to Juniors. Tuesdays and Thursdays at 10:00. Course V. — Christian Sociology. Two hours. First Semester. The course affords an opportunity for the study of the relation of the New Testament teachings to the solution of present day problems. Open to Juniors and Seniors. Given alternate years. Tuesdays and Thursdays at 4:15. Course VI. — Evidences of Christianity. Two hours. Second Semester. Open to Juniors and Seniors. Psychology is a pre- requisite for this course. Given in alternate years. Tuesdays and Thursdays at 4:15. Course VII. — Greek Testament. Two hours. Especial atten- ton will be given to the grammatical and lexical details of the Pauline Epistles. Texts, Westcott and Hort ' s Greek New Testa- ment, Thayer ' s Greek-Engljsli of the New Testament, New Testament Grammar (Moulton, Robertson). Collateral work will be assigned. Open to students who have had two years of classical Greek. Mondays and Wednesdays at 10:00. Course VIII. — English Bible Seminar. One hour. First Se- mester. A critical study of Missionary History and Problems. Second Semester. Bible School Pedagogy. Open to Juniors and Seniors. (Not given in 1912-1913.) 46 ALBION COLLEGE Course IX. — Hebrew. Two hours. Harper ' s text books will be used in this course. Open to college students. Wednesdays and Fridays at 8:30. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION. Physical Training is now considered an important part of college life, and Albion is especially well equipped in this depart- ment, with Gymnasium, Athletic Field and Tennis Courts. A certain amount of gymnasium work, under a competent instructor, is required of each student. It is the object of this branch of the department to teach those students who do not go in for athletics the value of a clean, healthy and active body. The splendid Athletic Field of the College, comprising twelve acres of land one block from the campus, contains a football field, a baseball diamond, a quarter-mile cinder-track and tennis courts. Other courts are located on the campus proper. While Albion has representative teams in all branches of outdoor athletics, and in basketball, it is the aim of the department to eliminate the undesir- able features which are apt to creep into modern inter-collegiate contests. Albion athletes are taught something more than how to win games. Fairness and honesty to each other, as well as to opponents, aggressiveness tempered with courtesy, cleanliness of mind and body, self-control, and the value of a clear and active brain, are some of the things the department is trying to instill into the candidates for Albion ' s athletic teams. No one may remain on any team, who is not carrying at least ten hours of class work, or whose work at any time becomes unsatisfactory to any instructor. The athletics are under the supervision of a faculty committee, which, with the athletic board, composed of students and faculty members, dictate the policy of the department. PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN. Candidates for the A. B. degree are required to take two years of regular class work in gymnastics before graduation. The class exercises are given three times a week and continue throughout the fall and winter up to Easter vacation. The spring term is dev oted to out-of-door exercise, especially walking and tennis. The TEAR BOOK 47 aim is to check abnormal tendencies of growth due to attitudes taken in writing and studying, and also to bring about well bal- anced development of all the muscles in the body. Systematic gymnastic exercise ensures grace of motion, poise and quickness of action. Each young woman is required to take a physical examination before she enters class work. Careful records are made and medical aid advised when necessary. Gymnasium suits and shoes must be of the regulation pattern. Suits are secured at a cost of $5. The suits are neatly tailored blue serge. During the first year class exercises are arranged with special reference to poise. Poise exercises, class drills, class games are taught. During the second year are given Swedish and German gymnastics, class drills and class games. COLLEGE WORK TABULATED Semesters I 2 Latin. Roman Social and Political Life 3 3 Studies in Mythology and Ancient Art 1 1 Roman Social and Public Life 1 1 Roman Art and Artistic Literature 3 3 Roman Philosophy 3 3 ♦Advanced Latin Grammar 2 Latin Pedagogy 2 Advanced Latin Composition 2 Greek Odyssey; Greek Historians 4 4 Attic Orators ; Attic Drama 4 4 Plato; Greek Epigraphy 3 3 Pausanias; Neo-Hellenic 2 2 ♦Seminar 1 1 ♦Greek Life 1 1 ♦Normal Greek 1 1 Modern Languages. GERMAN : Course 1.. Course Course Course Course Course Normal Course.. FRENCH : Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 Course 4 Normal Course- Spanish 5 5 4 4 2 1 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 5 5 4 4 2 1 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 Englith Language. Rhetoric and Composition.. Advanced Composition Prose Masterpieces Writing Debating ♦Not given in 1912-1913. Semesters I 2 English Literature. Critical Survey of English Literature 4 4 Romantic Poets , 2 2 Prose Masterpieces 2 2 ♦Elizabethan Drama 3 3 Victorian Poets A 2 2 Victorian Poets B 2 2 Oratory. Elocution 2 2 Study of Great Orators and Interpretation 2 2 Shakespearean Interpretation 2 2 History. ♦History of Europe...- 3 3 ♦American History (A) 4 American History (B C) 4 3 ♦English History 4 Methods in History..... 1 Economic Economics 1 3 3 ♦Labor Problems and Organizations...... 4 Economic Problems 4 Socialism and Social Reform 2 ♦Taxation and Finance 3 ♦Elementary Statistics .. 1 Advanced Economics .. 2 ♦Rural Economics 1 Political and Social History of Civilization 3 Government in the U. S 3 ♦World Politics 2 Science. Practical Sociology 1 Mathe- matics. College Algebra 4 Trigonometry 4 Analytic Geometry and Calculus 4 4 Theory of Equations (alternate years) 3 Determinants (alternate years) 3 ♦Advanced Analytics (alternate years) 3 ♦Not given in 1912-1913. Semester I 2 Differential Equations (alternate years) 3 Mechanical Drawing 2 2 Descriptive Geometry (alternate years) 2 2 General and Descriptive Astronomy 3 3 Electricity 2 2 Mechanics and Sound 3 Heat and Light 3 Electricity and Heat 3 Electricity and Light. -.... 3 Laboratory Problems 2 2 Methods in Physics 1 1 Electrical Measurements 3 3 Electromagnetic Theory 2-3 2-3 Theory of Heat and Thermodynamics 2 2 Theory of Sound 2 Theory of Light 2 Elements of Electrical Engineering 2-3 2-3 Advanced Mechanics 2-3 2-3 General Chemistry and Qualitative Analysis 5 5 Quantitative Chemistry 4 4 Mineralogy (alternate years) 3 Technical Analysis 4 Cement Chemistry 4 Assaying (alternate years) 3 Iron and Steel Analysis .. 3 Electrolysis 3 Organic Chemistry 5 5 Sanitary Water Analysis 3 Chemistry of Foods.... 3 Sanitary Science 3 Ultimate Organic Analysis... 3 Metallurgy 3 Zoology „ 4 4 Botany 3 3 ♦Not given in 1912-1913. Mathe- matics Astronomy. Physics. Chemistry. Biology. Semesters I 2 ♦Laboratory Methods and Microscopical Technology 2 Biology ♦Embryology 3 Advanced Zoology 3 3 Geology 3 3 Photography 2 Philosophy. Psychology 4 Logic 4 ♦Ethics 4 ♦Ancient and Mediaeval Philosophy 3 ♦Modern Philosophy 3 Plato and Aristotle. -. 3 Kant and Recent Philosophy 3 Normal. Applied Psychology - .. 3 History of Education and Continental Educational Systems „ 3 School Law 1 Methods in English .. 2 Methods in Physics -. 1 1 Methods in History „ , 1 ♦Methods in Biology (Laboratory Methods) « 2 Normal Chemistry 2 2 Normal Latin 2 Normal German -. 2 2 ♦Normal Greek. 1 1 ♦Bible School Pedagogy 1 English Bible. Gospel History 2 2 Apostolic Church 2 2 Old Testament History. 2 2 Biblical Masterpieces 2 2 Christian Sociology 2 Evidences of Christianity .. 2 Greek Testament 2 2 ♦Biblical Seminar 1 1 Hebrew 2 2 ♦Not given in 1912-1913. HOURS OF CLASSES For the convenience of students in arranging their schedules, the following summary is given of the hours at which classes meet. Figures denote the days on which classes meet — 1, Monday; 2, Tuesday ; 3, Wednesday ; 4, Thursday ; 5, Friday. FIRST SEMESTER. 7 :30— Psychology— 2, 3, 4, 5. Odyssey— 2, 3. 4. 5. German h , 2, 3, 4, 5. French I.— 1, 2, 3, 4. English III.— 2, 4. Victorian Poets, A. — 1, 3. College Algebra — 2, 3, 4, 5. Botany — 1, 5 (see also 8:30 and 3:15). Advanced Zoology — 2, 3, 4. History of Civilization — 2, 4, 5. 8:30-Utin I.— 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Virgil— 2, 3, 4, 5. German I.— 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. French I.— 1, 2, 3, 4. English I.— 1, 3, 5. English II. — 3, 5. English Literature — 2, 3, 4, 5. College Algebra — 2, 3, 4, 5. Advanced General Physics — 1, 2, 4. Botany (see also 7 :30 and 3 :15)— 1, 5. Geology— 2, 3, 4. Practical Sociology— 1. American History — 2, 3, 4, 5. Apostolic Church — 2, 4. Hebrew — 3, 5. 10:00— School Law — 1. Roman Art Literature — 1, 3, 5. Advanced Latin Composition — 2, 4. Greek I. — 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Greek Testament — 1, 3. German III. — 1, 2, 3, 4. English L — 1, 3, 5. English II.— 3, 5. English, A.— 2, 3, 4, 5. Analytic Geometry — 2, 3, 4, 5. Geometry — 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Elementary Physics (see also 11 :00) — 1, 2, 3, 5. Economics I. — 1, 3, 5. Biblical Masterpieces — 2, 4. 11 :00— Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle— 1, 3, 5. Latin II.— 1, 2, 3, 4. Roman Social Life — 2. German II. — 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. French II.— 1, 2, 3, 4. English I.— 1, 3, 5. English IV.— 5. Romantic Poets — 2, 4. Shakespearean Interpretation — 2, 4. Astronomy — 2, 4, 5. Organic Chemistry — 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Elementary Physics — 1, 3, 5. Economic Problems — 1, 2, 3, 4. General History — 1, 2, 3, 4. Gospel History — 2, 4. 1:15— Plato— 2, 4, 5. Spanish— 2, 4. French III —1, 3. Elements of Algebra — 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. General Chemistry (also 2:15) —1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Technical Analysis (also 2:15 and 3:15) — 1, 2, t, 4. Quwrtitative Analysis (also 2:15 and 3:15) — TEAK BOOK 53 1, 2, 3, 4. General Physics, Section A (also 2:15)— 1, 3, 5. Biology I. (see also 2:15)— 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 2:15— History of education— 1, 3, 5. Methods in English— 2, 4. Greek II.— 1, 2, 3, 4. Attic Orators— 2, 3, 4, 5. German IV. — 1, 2, 3, 4. Oratory I. — 2, 4. American Literature — 1, 3, 5. English B— 2, 4. Technical Analysis (1 :15 to 4:15) — 1, 2, 3, 4. General Chemistry (1 :15 to 3 :15) — 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Quantitative Chemistry (1 :15 to 4:15)— 1, 2, 3, 4. General Physics, Section A (1 :15 to 3:15)— 1, 3, 5. Biology I. (see 1:15)— 2, 3, 4. 3:15— Debating— 1, 3, 5. Oratory I.— 2, 4. Victorian Poets, B— 1, 3. Technical Analysis and Quantitative Chemistry (1:15 to 4:15)— 1, 2, 3, 4. General Physics, Section B (3:15 to 5:15)— 2, 4, 5. Botany (see also 7:30 and 8:30)— 3. Old Testament History — 2, 4. Gospel History — 1, 3. 4:15— General Physics, Section B (3:15 to 5:15)— 2, 4, 5. Chris- tian Sociology — 2, 4. Biblical Seminar — 1. Hours to be Arranged — French IV, 2 hours. Normal German, 2 hours. German V , 2 hours. German VI , 2 hours. Theory of Equations, 3 hours. Mechanical Drawing, 2 hours. Descriptive Geometry, 2 hours. Advanced Cal- culus, 3 hours. Electrolysis, 3 hours. Sanitary Water Analysis, 3 hours. Metallurgy, 3 hours. Normal Chem- istry, 2 hours. Theory of Sound, 2 hours. Advanced Mechanics, 2 or 3 hours. Theory of Heat, 2 hours. Elec- trical Measurements, 3 hours. Methods in Physics, 1 hour. SECOND SEMESTER. The same as the first, except for the following: 7:30 — Logic replaces Psychology. Greek Historians replace Odys- sey, Trigonometry replaces Algebra. American Govern- ment replaces History of Civilization, 8:30— Trigonometry replaces Algebra. American History meets on 2, 3, 4. Methods in History replaces Practical Sociol- ogy, and meets on 5. 10:00 — Applied Psychology — 2, 3, 4. Photography — 2, 4. Calculus replaces Analytic Geometry. Methods in Latin replaces Advanced Latin Composition. 1 1 :00 — Kant and Recent Philosophy replaces Plato and Aristotle. Roman Public Life follows Social Life. Advanced Eco- nomics — 1, 3, and Socalism — 2, 4, replace Economic Prob- lems. 54 AliBlON COLLEGa 1:15 — ] Qualitative Analysis replaces General Chemistry. (-Advanced Quantitative Analysis replaces Quant, Analysis. 2:15 — J Cement Chemistry replaces Technical Analysis. Am. Lit. yields (5) to English B. 3:15 — Evidences of Christianity replaces Christian Sociology. To be Arranged — Determinants, 3 hours. Normal Mathematics, 2 hours. Solid Geometry, 2 hours. Advanced Differential Equations, 3 hours. Chemistry of Foods, 3 hours. Iron and Steel Analysis, 3 hours. Ultimate Organic Analysis, 2 hours. Laboratory Problems in Physics, 2 hours. Theory of Light, 2 hours. GRADUATION The degree of Bachelor of Arts will be conferred upon all persons regularly admitted to the college who conform to the following requirements : Beginning with the second semester of the year 1911-1912, the semester reports shall be made in accordance with the following system of marking, which is based on the University of Michigan plan : E Excellent 4 GRADE. SIGNIFICANCE. POINTS. G Good — 3 F Fair 2 P.- Barely Passed N Not Passed. I Incomplete. X Absent from Examination. A student may be reported incomplete only on condition that some small portion of his work remains unfinished and that his standing in the course has been of Grade F or higher. To secure credit, this work must be completed within six weeks after the beginning of the following semester. A student reported Absent from Examination may, on pre- senting a satisfactory excuse and on the recommendation of his instructor, receive permission from the faculty to take the exami- nation at a subsequent time. For graduation the student shall be required to earn 120 hours credit and 240 points in accordance with the point system indicated above. All advanced credit shall be regarded as of Grade F. The above requirements shall take immediate effect for the Class of 1913 and succeeding classes, all credit earned to date being regarded as of Grade F. GRADUATE WORK AND THE MASTER ' S DEGREE. Admission. — Admission to candidacy for the degree of Master of Arts is granted to those only who have received a Bachelor ' s Degree from Albion College, or from another institution main- 5G AUBIOVJ OOliLBOB taining a similar standing in distinctively collegiate studies. The candidate must also submit proof that he has satisfactorily com- pleted the foundation courses specified by the departments in which he desires to choose his major and minor studies. The more immediate charge of the graduate work is vested in t special Graduate Committee selected by the faculty. This com- mittee receives applications for admission, and after consultation with the heads of the departments in which the student desires to elect his major and minors, may recommend to the faculty that the applicant be admitted to candidacy for the Master ' s Degree. After the applicant has been admitted to candidacy by the faculty, his work shall be in charge of a Departmental Committee con- sisting of the heads of the departments in which the major and minors are chosen. Work Required. — The Master ' s Degree will be conferred only on candidates who have completed at least a year ' s work in ad- vanced courses approved by the faculty. No work done in absentia shall be counted toward the Master ' s Degree, except limited amounts done by graduates of Albion College as resident students at other institutions of higher education in courses that have been approved by the Departmental Committee. Candidates shall choose a major study, and two minor studies to each of which approximately one-half of the work necessary for the major shall be devoted. The major and one minor may fall within one department; but, unless otherwise determined by the faculty, the two minors shall be chosen in other departments. A statement of the courses of study that may be pursued as majors or minors in the various departments may be obtained upon appli- cation to the chairman of the Graduate Committee. No course taken by the candidate before he shall have earned ninety hours of credit toward the Degree of Bachelor of Arts shall be counted toward the Degree of Master of Arts. Thesis. — A thesis on a topic related to the major work shall be required, unless such requirement is waived by the faculty upon the recommendation of the head of the department concerned. Examinations. — The candidate shall be required to take the regular examinations given in the courses in which he is enrolled, and at the close of his year ' s work shall take a final examination, which may be oral or both oral and written, conducted by the Department Committee in charge of the candidate ' s work. YEAR BOOK 57 PRIZES AWARDED ANNUALLY ORATORY. I. — The Berry Prixe, established and endowed by the gift of $600 by Bishop Joseph F. Berry, D. D. This prize of $30 a year is awarded to the winner of the first honors in the Annual College Contest in Oratory. The winner also represents the college in the Inter-Collegiate Contest. The winner of this prize in 1911-1912 was Mr. Harry Young. II. — The Elsie S. Vernor Prize of $20 a year, endowed by Mr. Frank A. Vernor, of Albion. This prize is awarded to the winner of second honors in the Annual College Contest, the winner be- coming the alternate representative in the Inter-Collegiate Contest The winner of this prize in 1911-1912 was Mr. D. Stanley Coors. III. — George Bowen Silliman Oratorical Prise. This is an annual prize of $25 established by Mr. L. Silliman, of Albion, in honor of his son who died while a student in College. The prize is open to competition on the part of all Sophomores who have attained a certain degree of excellence in Sophomore English. The winner of this prize in 1911-1912 was Mr. Burley Lamb. IV. — The Class of 18.77 offers an annual prize of $20 to the winner of the Horn Contest. The winner of this prize in 1911-1912 was Miss Gertrude Voigtlander. V. — The 1908 Prize Literary Contest. The Class of 1908 has left for its memorial to the College a fund, the interest of which is used as a prize for the sustaining of activity in the pursuit of literary excellence. The prize is awarded annually to the student who presents the best literary production, not an oration or a poem, under conditions laid down by the class. The winner of this prize in 1911-1912 was Mr. M. Othello Seelye, of the Class of 191Z BIBLE FELLOWSHIR This is a permanent fund, the interest of which is used for an annual prize is Bible study. It is expected that in time the Fellow- ship will become sufficiently large to enable at least one member of each graduating class to spend a year in Biblical research in the American schools in Rome and Jerusalem. Prof. F. S. Goodrich is the treasurer of the fund. The prizes in 1911 were awarded as follows : Apostolic Church, first prize, James A. Brown ; second 58 ALBION COLLEGE prize, Mildred E. Pinkerton. Gospel History, first prize, Marshall G. Reed; second prize, Lula Tubbs. SCHOLARSHIPS Scholarships, as an encouragement to meritorious students and as a recommendation of the highest scholarship, have been founded. The income from these scholarships is sufficient to pay th e inci- dental fees. I. — The Hallock Scholarship, founded by Mr. and Mrs. T. T. Hallock, of Climax. A candidate for the missionary field will receive special consideration in the awarding of this scholarship. II. — The Robinson Scholarship, endowed by Mr. and Mrs. L. W. Robinson, of Battle Creek. Sons and daughters of super- annuated ministers will receive special consideration in the award- ing of the scholarship. III. — The Ionia Scholarship, endowed by the members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of Ionia, will be awarded to gradu- ates of the Ionia High School excelling in intellectual attainments and moral worth. IV. — The Williams Scholarship, maintained by Mr. C. B. Williams, of Alpena. V. — The Shumaker Scholarship, endowed by S. F. and Susan M. Shumaker, of Centreville, preference to be given to students preparing for ministry or missionary work. VI. — The Hicks Scholarship, founded by Mrs. Alice Hicks, of Lexington, and available for a worthy student of either sex, VII. — The Root Scholarship, endowed by Dr. and Mrs. W. W. Root, of Mason. VIII. — The Blackmar Scholarship, endowed by Mrs. E. B. Blackmar, of North Adams. IX.— The Bliss Scholarship, founded by Governor Aaron T. Bliss. X. — The Dwelle-Cook Scholarship, founded by Mrs. Eliza A. Cook, of Hanover. XI. — The Wightman Scholarship, founded by Mr. E. B. Wightman, of Fenton. TEAR BOOK 59 XII. — The Buck Scholarship, founded by Hon. George M. Buck and family, of Kalamazoo. XIII. — The Elisabeth Hoag Memorial Scholarship, to be as- signed to such young women as are properly recommended and selected by the Woman ' s Foreign Missionary Society. The bene- ficiaries of this scholarship are to be young women who are al- ready accepted for work i n the foreign field under the direction of the Woman ' s Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episco- pal church. This scholarship yields more than sufficient to pay the fees of a student and will give considerable financial assistance to those receiving its benefits. XIV. — The John Graham Scholarship, established by Mrs. Mary J. Scudder, late of Grand Rapids, Mich., in honor of the Rev. John Graham, D. D. XV. — The Mary . Scudder Scholarship, No, I, established by Mrs. Mary J. Scudder. XVI. — The Mary J. Scudder Scholarship, No, 2, established by Mrs. Mary J. Scudder. XVII. — The Gibbins Scholarship, established by John Gibbins, of Stockbridge, Mich. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION The Faculty of Albion College have long believed that the requirements for admission to college should exhibit a high degree of flexibility. They have recognized the fact that the high school exists to meet local wants, and does its work best when it most fully meets such wants. For some years the Faculty of Albion College have been studying this question in the light of all the information they could obtain, with a careful scrutiny of the prin- ciples involved, and have reached the conclusion that the courses of study best adapted to the purpose of the high school may, and ought to be accepted in preparation for college. We have tried the experiment and found it successful, of taking the student at the point up to which the best schools have educated him, giving him credit for all his work, in the line he has chosen. This practically throws college doors open to a large number of young men who, under the old system, would be deprived of the advantages provided in the higher institutions of learning. By this plan we do not admit at any lower point of scholarship, but make the lines of study in preparation more flexible, holding that it is training and culture that are needed, which can be secured through superior and adequate range of work, rather than by adherence to the old meth- ods of following always a special line of studies. We accept, therefore, without examination of students, the work of the best high schools of twelve grades as preparation for college. Under the same conditions we shall admit from schools of eleven grades which are known to be doing satisfactory work, into our Sub-Collegiate Classes, where the student may complete his preparation for entrance into the college. We advise students to pursue some one general line of work throughout their Junior and Senior years. No one class of work can arrogate to itself the term culture. Many lines of work lead to t he same end if intelligently and faithfully pursued, and each brings its possessor power and success. The following alternative requirements for admission are of- fered : Fifteen units are required for admission to the Freshman Class ; YEAR BOOK 61 a unit is defined as one year ' s work of not less than four recitation periods per week, — provided that in the sciences, laboratory periods shall be estimated at one-half the rate of recitation periods. Of these units the following are required of all : English, three units. Mathematics, two or three units. Physics, one unit. Language (Latin, Greek, French or German), two units. These two units must be offered in the same language. The remaining units may be offered from among the follow- ing; and the total number of units, including absolute requirements, may be offered to the extent indicated: English, four units. Latin, four units. Greek, three units. German, three units. French, two units. Algebra, one and one-half units. Geometry, one and one-half units. Trigonometry, one-half unit. General History, one unit. American History and Civics, one unit. English History, one unit Physics, one unit. Chemistry, one unit. Zoology and Botany (combined), one unit. Zoology, one unit. Botany, one unit. Physiography, one unit. The regulations for admission contained in the preceding para- graphs apply to all schools which, (a) Have been approved by Albion College; or (b) Have been approved by the University of Michigan; or (c) Have supplied the evidence that, in extent, quality and completeness of work, the pupil has gained the scholarship and culture required to enter upon college work. If the school has received formal approval according to (a) or (b) of this para- graph, students will be admitted directly on their diplomas and certif- icates. But if the school is not included in one of these classes, and it is desired to enter into relations with Albion College, the course or courses of study must be transmitted to the Registrar with such statements in regard to work done as are considered relevant. 62 ALBION COLLEGE To be admitted to the college without examination, the student, if coming from a school included in one of the classes (a) or (b), will present his diploma and certificate, together with a letter from the Superintendent or Principal of the school, certifying that his work has been thoroughly done, that his habits are studious, and that he possesses capacity for genuine scholarship. On the strength of this, he may be immediately classified. If he comes from a school embraced in class (c) he must present his diploma and school certificate, with a letter from the Superintendent or Principal of the school, certifying to the earnestness and success of his school work. If these documents are satisfactory he will then be given a provis- ional classification, which will be made permanent after a semester ' s successful study in the institution. In order to clear the way for many young men and women who have not had opportunity to prepare themselves for a college course, or who are deficient in certain subjects, we shall continue for a time to offer the following Sub-Collegiate courses. The requirements as outlined under Units for Entrance will adequately indicate their nature : ENGLISH. A. Rhetoric and Theme Writing. Four hours, throughout the year. Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 10:00. B. American Literature. Three hours, first semester; two hours, second semester. Mondays, Wednesdays (and Fridays) at 2:15. B. Composition. Two hours, first semester ; three hours sec- ond semester. Tuesdays, Thursdays (and Fridays) at 2:15. C. English Literature. Fouir hours, throughout the year. Tuesdays, Wednesdays ' , Thursdays and Fridays at 8:30. LATIN. Introduction. Five hours, throughout the year. Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 8:30. Nepos, Caesar, Cicero. Four hours, throughout the year. Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays at 11:00. Virgil. Four hours, throughout the year. Tuesdays, Wednes- days, Thursdays and Fridays at 8:30. GREEK Introduction and Xenophon, Book I. Five hours, throughout the year. Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 10:00. YEAR BOOK 63 Xenophon ' s Anabasis ; Homer ' s Iliad, Books I -III. Four hours, throughout the year. Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thurs- days at 2:15. GERMAN. First year : Five hours, throughout the year. Mondays, Tues- days, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at both 7 :30 and 8 :30. Second year : Five hours, throughout the year. Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 11 :00. MATHEMATICS. Algebra. Five hours, throughout the year. Mondays, Tues- days, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 1 :15. Geometry. Five hours, throughout the year. Mondays, Tues- days, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays at 10 :00. SCIENCE. Physics, (a) Four hours, throughout the year. Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, 10 to 12; Tuesdays, 10. (b) Two hours, either first or second semester. Hours to be arranged. HISTORY. General History. Four hours, throughout the year. Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays at 11:00. Blank forms for the admission of students, with lists of their credits may be obtained upon application to the Registrar, to whom the certificates should then be sent. ADVANCED CREDIT. Sometimes a high school graduate has done more work than is required for entrance into college. Such a graduate will be able to get advanced credit for some of the subjects taken by fulfilling the following requirements : 1. Applications for advanced standing shall be presented to the chairman of the Co nmittee on Advanced Standing, on or before October 31, of the applicant ' s first year in college — and not there- after. 2. Applications for advanced standing should be accompanied by an explicit certificate describing the extent and character of the work done in preparation for college. 3. No application for advanced standing will be considered unless accompanied by a letter from the Principal of the high school 04 ALBION COLLEGE from which the applicant graduated, recommending the granting of advanced standing. 4. No advanced credit will be given until the student shall have been in college one semester, and shall have done acceptable work in all his classes. 5. Adva nced credit will be given only for a course of excep- tional length and strength and not for specific subjects. DESCRIPTION OF UNITS REQUIRED FOR ENTRANCE. The following descriptive outline indicates the amount of pre- paration expected in each unit of the subjects offertd: ENGLISH. (For reading.) Group L — Two books to be selected. Shakespeare— As You Like It; Julius Caesar; The Merchant of Venice; Twelfth Night; Henry V. Group II. — One book to be selected. Bunyan— The Pilgrim ' s Progress, Part I. Bacon — Essays. The Sir Roger De Coverley Papers (in the Spectator. ) Franklin — Autobiography. Group III. — One book to be selected. Chaucer — Prologue, Spencer — Selections from Faerie Queene. Pope — The Rape of the Lock. Goldsmith — The Deserted Village. Palgrave — Golden Treas- ury (First Series), Books II and III, with especial attention to Dryden, Collins, Gray, Cowper a nd Burns. Group IV. — Two books to be selected. Hawthorne — The House of Seven Gables. Thackeray — Henry Esmond. George Eliot — Silas Marner. Dickens — A Tale of Two Cities. Scott — Ivanhoe. Scott — Quentin Durward. Goldsmith — The Vicar of Wakefield. Mrs. Gaskell — Cranford. Blackmore — Lorna Doone. Group V. — Two books to be selected. Emerson — Essays (se- lected). Ruskin — Sesame and Lilies. Irving — Sketch Book. Carlyle — Heroes and Hero-Worship. DeQuincy — Joan of Arc and the English Mail Coach. Lamb — Essays of Elia. Group VI. — Two books to be selected. Palgrave — Golden Treas- ury (First Series), Book IV, with especial attention to Words- worth, Keats and Shelley. Coleridge — The Ancient Mariner. Lowell — The Vision of Sir Launfal. Scott — The Lady of the Lake. Poe — Poems. Tennyson — Gareth and Lynette; Lancelot and Elaine; and the Passing of Arthur. Arnold — Sohrab and Rustum. Byron — Mazeppa and The Prisoner of Chillon. Longfellow — Courtship of YEAR BOOK 65 Miles Standish. Browning — Cavalier Tunes ; The Lost Leader ; How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix ; Evelyn Hope ; Home Thoughts from Abroad ; Home Thoughts from the Sea ; Incident of the French Camp ; The Boy and the Angel ; One Word More ; Herve Riel ; Pheidippides. Macaulay — Lays of Ancient Rome. For Study and Practice — Shakespeare — Macbeth. Milton — Lycidas ; Comus ; L ' Allegro ; and II Penseroso. Burke — Speech on Conciliation with America; or, Washington — Farewell Address, and W r ebster — First Bunker Hill Oration. Macaulay — Life of Johnson; or, Carlyle — Essay on Burns. ENGLISH LITERATURE. The unit in this subject is optional. Stopford A. Brooke ' s English Literature, or any manual of equal grade, may be used for an outline of the subject. MATHEMATICS. The required units include: (a) A course in elementary algebra, including the fundamental operations involved in factoring, factor theorem, fractions, simple equations, identities, symmetry, inequalities, exponents, radicals, quadratics, theory and application of graphs, binominal theorem for positive integers, logarithms, proportion, and the progressions. (b) The ordinary work of demonstration and construction, covering plane, solid and spherical geometry, as given in such texts as those of Beeman and Smith, Wells, and Wentworth. PHYSICS. The required unit in physics includes an amount represented by Carhart and Chute ' s High School Physics, or Millikan and Gale ' s First Course in Physics. The instruction in the class room should be supplemented by work in the physical laboratory to the extent of one period a week throughout the year. CHEMISTRY. The unit in chemistry includes an amount of work equivalent to that presented in Remsen ' s Briefer Course in Chemistry. The text book should be accompanied by laboratory work. PHYSIOGRAPHY. The unit in this subject includes an amount represented by Davis ' Physical Geography, or Tarr ' s New Physical Geography. 86 ALBION COLLEGE The text book work should be supplemented by field excursions, laboratory work, and the general reading of such books as Shaler ' s Outlines of the Earth ' s History, and Aspects of the Earth ; Russell ' s Lakes of North America, Glaciers of North America, and Rivers of North America. BOTANY. s A course such as is outlined in Bergen ' s Foundations of Botany, or Stevens ' Outlines of Botany. This should include at least two double-period laboratory exercises and two recitations per week. The student should obtain some familiarity with the more common plants. Notebooks should be kept, with drawings, the same to be presented with other credentials upon entrance. ZOOLOGY. Such a text as French ' s Animal Activities, Jordan and Kellogg ' s Animal Life or Davenport ' s Introduction of Zoology will be ac- ceptable. Laboratory work should cover ten of the following forms or their equivalents : Amoeba, Paramoecium, Hydra, Earthworm, Clam, Snail, Crayfish, Grasshopper, Fish, Frog, Bird or Mammal. So far as possible the study should be made from living animals, noting their habits, adaptations, etc. Notebooks required. BIOLOGY. A course made up of selected parts from the above courses. Especial attention should be called to the fundamental identity of the processes involved in both plant and animal life. Notebooks should cover not only the laboratory work, but the conclusions drawn from the class discussions. HISTORY. The units in History are as follows : 1. General History, with a text equivalent to Myers ' General History to the Year 800, one unit. 2. U. S. History and Civics, with texts equivalent to McLaugh- lin ' s History of the American Nation, and Boynton ' s School Civics, one unit. 3. English History, one unit. GREEK. The three units in Greek should be made up of the following or their equivalents : First Year: Completion of a book in Beginning Greek and one book of Anabasis. YEAR BOOK 67 Second Year : Three books of Anabasis and one book of Homer ; drill in Greek prose composition. Third Year : Four books of Homer ; drill in Greek prose composition. LATIN. First Year : The completion of a good beginning book, such as that of Collar and Daniel, and the equivalent of one-half of Book I of Caesar ' s Commentaries, one unit. Second Year : The completion of four books of Caesar ' s Commentaries, or the equivalent, and the equivalent of one hour a week in Latin composition throughout the year, one unit. Third Year: The completion of six of Cicero ' s Orations (one of them to be Manilian Law), and Latin Composition equivalent to one hour a week throughout the year, one unit. Fourth Year : The Completion of six books of Virgil ' s Aeneid, a review of Latin Composition, the study of Latin synonyms and scansion of hexameter verse, one unit. GERMAN. First Year : Drill in German pronunciation ; elements of German grammar ; translation of simple English into German to fix grammatical rules; reading of at least 150 pages of easy German from Gluck-Auf or Gerber ' s Marchen and Erzahlungen or their equivalent, one unit. Second Year: Review of first year ' s work, Harris ' German Composition or its equivalent ; reading of 250 pages of short German stories, such as Immensee, L ' Arrabbiata, Das Madchen von Treppi, Waldnonvellen, etc., one unit. Third Year : Review of German grammar and a careful study of German syntax; translation from English into German; para- phrasing, abstracts ; reading of 450 pages of more difficult prose and poetry, such as William Tell, Jungfrau v. Orleans, Minna v. Barnhelm, selections from the lyrics of Goethe, Schiller, Heine, etc., one unit. FRENCH. First Year : Pronunciation ; inflection of nouns and adjectives ; pronouns ; regular and irregular verbs ; translation of easy English 08 ALBION CKXLkftGB into French; translation from French prose into English; reading of such stories as Gurber ' s Contes et Legendes, Toronot ' s Le Tour de La France, etc., one unit. Second Year : Practice in dictation ; review of French gram- mar; study of idiomatic expressions; translations from English into French; reading of such selections as Foncin ' s Le Pays de France, Victor Hugo ' s Le Chatiments, one unit 0LBION COLLEGE CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC The aim of the Albion College Conservatory of Music is to give to its students not only thorough and systematic technical training in the various musical branches, but that broader culture which is gained through academic training combined with musical study, both of which are the necessary equipment of those entering upon a professional career, either as solo artists or teachers. The art of music is so complex and its mastery so difficult, that it is not to be acquired by the study of one of its branches alone. The Conservatory, therefore, so arranges its curriculum that all pupils in its regular course who are studying to be teachers, singers, or performers on any instrument, shall pursue those theoretical branches which are most necessary in their particular class, together with their general instrumental or vocal practice. The Conserva- tory endeavors not only to give the pupil instruction (theoretical and practical) by the most able teachers and modern methods, but to surround him with a musical atmosphere which shall be at once a stimulus and a discipline; also to afford him opportunities for teaching and for public performance which cannot otherwise be obtained. LOCATION 0ND EQUIPMENT The Conservatory is located in the South or Chapel Building of Albion College. The entire building is devoted to the Conserva- tory. The rooms for recitations are large, well lighted, well venti- lated and well heated. On the second floor is a fine recital hall, with a seating capacity for six hundred people. The equipment of this hall includes a large two-manual Hook Hastings pipe organ and concert Grand piano, and a spacious stage which gives every advantage for orchestral and choral concerts, as well as recitals for faculty and students. 70 ALBION COLLEGE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Notwithstanding the remarkable growth of the Conservatory during the past three years, we are glad to say that indications point to still larger growth and development for the coming year. There have been recently added to the equipment three splendid Steinway Grand pianos of latest design, two Uprights and a large two-manual pedal organ, making Albion Conservatory one of the most finely equipped in the West. The high standard of work in the class room, in the Choral Society, the Saint Cecilia Musical Club, the Orchestra and Band, together with the excellent recitals given by visiting artists during the year, have developed a musical atmosphere, which, from the point of artistic culture, has been stimulating and wholesome to the highest degree. COURSES The following courses are given: I.— DIPLOMA COURSE. Covering from three to four years ' full work in the Conserva- tory and leading to the degree of graduate in music. II.— ARTISTS ' COURSE. Involving four years in the Conservatory and in addition 25 per cent of the required credits in the College of Liberal Arts necessary for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. This course leads to the degree of Bachelor of Music. III.— MUSICAL LITERARY COURSE. This course embraces three years ' work in the Conservatory, together with the necessary academic preparation requisite for ad- mission to the Freshman Class, and in addition at least one year each in English Literature and the modern languages, German, French and Italian. IV.— TEACHERS ' COURSE. For work required in this course see outline Teachers ' Course. V.— PUBLIC SCHOOL MUSIC. This course covers one year — see outline Public School Music. VI.— POST GRADUATE COURSE. See outline Post Graduate Course. YEAR BOOK 71 Courses II. and III. are designed for students who desire that broader culture which is gained by combining academic training with musical study. VOICE CULTURE AND THE ART OF SINGING BRANCHES. Voice: (Primary.) Languages: Italian, French, German, English and American Literature. Solfeggio: Sight Reading, Vocal Chamber Music, a capella, Choir Practice, The Church Service, Chorus. Pianoforte: (Secondary) Technique, Accompanying, Sight Reading, Transposition. Theory: Harmony, Ear Training, Musical History. Art of Teaching, Art of Conducting. OUTLINE OF COURSE. The course in Voice Culture covers from three to four years and embraces the following important points in the art of singing : Correct breathing ; Natural and easy production of tone ; Proper placing of the voice; Development and combination of the different registers ; Perfect enunciation ; Legato and sustained singing ; Solfeggio ; English literature ; Pianoforte ; Technique ; Accompany- ing and Transposition ; Theory ; Harmony and Musical History ; Style and Interpretation ; English, Italian, French and German Songs and Arias ; The Oratorio ; Concert Repertoire. THEORY, Minimum for graduation. (Group II. Theoretical Course, see page 21.) PIANOFORTE OUTLINE OF COURSE. The Pianoforte course is designed to fit the student for a career as solo artist or teacher, and is thorough and systematic in every detail. 72 ALBION COLLEGE The required theoretical studies are: Solfeggio, Musical Theory, Harmony and Analysis, Musical History, Counterpoint, Lectures on Orchestral Instruments. Finger Exercises and Scales, Sonatinas, Studies and Pieces by Kulau, Kullak and Clementi. All forms of technical exercises, Scales, Arpeggios, Double Thirds, Octaves, Studies by Czerny, Cramer, Clementi. Pieces by Mozart, Haydn, Bach, Schumann, Beethoven, etc. Sight and Ensemble Playing, Memorization. In order that students may acquire breadth and versatility in Pianoforte Study, they will be required during the course to develop a comprehensive repertoire from the works of the following authors : Bach, Handel, Scarlatti, Mozart, Haydn, Clementi, Beethoven, Schubert, Weber, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Liszt, Brahms, Grieg, Tschaikowsky, and the standard modern composers. THEORY. Minimum for Graduation, (Group II. Theoretical Course see page 79) ORGAN OUTLINE OF COURSE. It is the aim of this department to thoroughly equip organists for church and concert work. From the first, special attention is given to the development of a clean and accurate technique, and an organly style. The course provides for a systematic training in manual touch, pedal technique, registration, the art of accompani- ment and service playing, improvisation, the development of aesthetic perception, the study of compositions appropriate for church use, and a thorough knowledge of representative works of the best composers. Advanced students can often secure good church positions in Albion and neighboring cities. The following will indicate in general the course pursued : Studies — Clemens, Pedal Studies ; Clemens, Organ School ; Merkel, Organ School ; Thayer, Pedal Studies ; Buck, Studies in Pedal Phrasing ; Nilson, Pedal Studies. Trios — Carl, Master Studies for the Organ ; Rheinberger, Trios ; Merkel, Trios ; Schneider, Trios ; Bach, Trio Sonatas ; Bach-Reger, Inversions. TEAR BOOK 73 Choral Preludes and Fugues — Choral Preludes by Bach, Roger, and others ; Bach, Great Preludes and Fugues ; Mendelssohn, Pre- ludes and Fugues ; Bach, Great Preludes and Fugues, Bach, Toc- catas and Fugues. Son-atas — Sonatas by Mendelssohn, Rheinber$«r, Guilrnant, Mtrleel, and others. Symphonies by Widor, L«mar« and others. Pieces and transcriptions by Guilrnant, Frank, Saint-Saens, Rheinberger, Merkel, Dubois, Rink, Volckmar, Lemare, Faulkes, Wolstenholme, Buck, Reger, Lemmens, Dethier, Hollins, Parker, Foote, Smart, Rogers, and others. THEORY. Minimum for Graduation. (Group I Theoretical Courses, see page 79.) VIOLIN COURSE PRACTICAL. Elementary — Technical Exercises, Major and Minor Scales, First to Third Position. Pieces and Studies by Tours, David, Kayser, etc. Intermediate — Major and Minor Scales in all positions. Studies by Alard, Kreutzer, Rode. Pieces and concertos by Mozart, Viotti, de Beriot, Rode, etc. Sight-playing or Orchestral Class, Normal, Pianoforte, etc. Advanced Violin Schools of David, Spohr. Studies by Kreutzer and Rode. Concertos by Spohr, Paganini, Mendelssohn, Bruch, Saint-Saens, Beethoven, etc. Orchestral Class, Ensemble Class, String Quartet Class, Normal, Pianoforte. THEORY. Minimum for Graduation. (Group II Theoretical Course, see page 79.) 74 ALBION COLLBGB VIOLONCELLO COURSE PRACTICAL. Elementary — Kumer ' s method for Violoncello. Technical exer- cises; major scales in two octaves; studies by Dotzauer, and pieces by Fitzenhagen. Intermediate — Technical exercises by Fitzenhagen, Cossmann ; scales in three and four octaves; studies by Dotzauer, Lee, Franc- homme, and first part of Gruetzmacher. Concertinos and pieces by Romberg, Cossmann, Franchomme, Fitzenhagen, etc. Advanced — Technical exercises by Fitzenhagen, Klengel, Becker, Berger. Studies by Gruetzmacher (2d part), Patti, Cossmann, etc. Sonatas by J. S. Bach. Concertos by Romberg, Haydn, Schumann, Saint-Saens, de Swert, Goltermann, DavidofT, Fitzenhagen, Klengel, Lalo, Molique, Dvorak, Eckert, Servais, Volkman, Lindner. Concert pieces by Servais, Boellmann, Fitzenhagen, Klengel, Tschaikowsky, Faure, Cossmann, Popper, etc. ORCHESTRAL INSTRUMENTS As in the case of the Pianoforte, the regular courses for graduation in Violin, Violoncello and other orchestral instruments consist of two parallel branches, to be taken simultaneously, viz., a special course for the acquisition of technique and study of reper- toire, and general course in Harmony, Analysis, Theory, Sight- playing, Pianoforte (accompanists ' course), and Orchestral Practice. All advanced pupils are requested to attend the rehearsals of the Orchestra, unless especially excused, and to play in the En- semble and String Quartette classes. All intermediate pupils must attend the class in Violin Sight-playing, unless excused. All Violin pupils are required to attend the class in Violin Sight-playing for at least one school year before entering the Orchestra. Juvenile pupils having no knowledge of the Pianoforte, should at least receive an adequate preliminary training in all rudimentary matters, such as rhythm, names of tones, major and minor modes, intervals, staff-notation, and acquire a sufficiently trained ear, before commencing the technical study of the violin. Those found defi- TEAR BOOK 75 cient or wholly lacking in rudimentary musical knowledge are offered opportunities of acquiring it before receiving violin in- struction. CONTRABASS COURSE Elementary — First part of Warnecke ' s New Method of Double Bass Playing. Finger exercises and scales, Simandl ' s Etudes. Intermediate — Hause ' s Vorzuegliche Uebengen, bowing and wrist exercises. Twelve Etudes by Libon. Orchestral parts of Overtures and Symphonies, played by the Orchestral Class. Advanced— Part II of Warnecke ' s Double Bass Method. Simandl ' s arrangement of Kreutzer ' s Violin studies. Contrabass. Parts of Beethoven Symphonies, Wagner Operas and Symphonic Poems by Richard Strauss. Solos by Sturm, Laska, Goltermann and Bottesini. BRASS AND WOOD-WIND INSTRUMENTS The course of study for the various Wind Instruments cor- responds in general with that for Stringed Instruments. Candidates for graduation in this department must have completed the inter- mediate grade of the Piano Course, together with the prescribed courses in Harmony, Ear Training, Musical History, Solfeggio and Sight-Reading. The required Theoretical studies for all of the Orchestral instruments correspond to those indicated in the Violin Course. SOLFEGGIO 0ND SIGHT-READING COURSES The courses in Solfeggio (vocal sight-reading) and in Piano- forte and Violin Sight-playing, are provided to meet the needs of all pupils deficient in the fundamental principles of music, such as rhythm, intervals, scales, etc., and who are unable to read vocal or instrumental music at sight. The attention of all students of music is directed to the course in Solfeggio, which includes both ear-training ar.d sight-singing. 76 ALBION collbm The pupils are trained to write, in correct notation, musical phrases, which are played or sung to them, beginning with the simplest phrase in the major mode, and progressing until difficult melodies in either major or minor can be notated with ease and facility. The sight-singing course begins with the simplest intervals and rhythms, progressing by easy stages until it includes the most difficult passages to be found in modern vocal music. The lamentable lack of the ability to sing at sight on the part of the vast majority of vocalists, should commend the Solfeggio Course to all who are ambitious to succeed as singers, even though they may not intend to take the course and graduate. What the eye is to the artist the ear is to the musician. Although this would seem to be self-evident, there are many who elect to study music apparently without the slightest appreciation of this important truth. Proficiency in advanced sight-singing, and in Pianoforte and Violin sight-playing is strictly insisted upon before graduation from the respective departments. Pupils in graduation courses of the Conservatory are required to pursue the study of Solfeggio during four semesters, unless excused by admission to advanced standing. A full course indicates one semester with two hours per week of recitation. SOLFEGGIO I. (JUNIOR.) FIRST SEMESTER. This course may not be entered later than the Junior Class, unless excused by previous examination. The mid-year examinations consist of : 1. Oral questions in Notation. 2. Ear-training. Recognition by ear of the diatonic intervals of the major and minor scale. 3. Sight-singing exercises in a given key, in whole, half and quarter notes and rests. 4. Dictation exercises similar to sight-singing. SOLFEGGIO II. SECOND SEMESTER. The examination corresponds to the entrance examination of the Senior Class. It consists of: 1. Ear-training. Recognition by ear of chromatic intervals, major and minor triads and their inversions. 2. Sight-singing exercises with simple modulations in half, quarter and eighth notes and rests, with and without dots. 3. Dictation exercises similar to sight-singing. TBAB BOOK T7 SOLFEGGIO III. (SENIOR.) FIRST SEMESTER. Tht examination (mid-year) consists of: t Ear-training. Recognition by ear of major and minor sixth and six four chords. Dominant and diminished seventh. 2. Sight-singing exercises in half, quarter, eighth and six- teenth notes and rests, with and without triplets and dots and involving modulations to the distant keys. 3. Dictation exercises similar to above. SOLFEGGIO IV. (FINALS.) SECOND SEMESTER. The examination consists of : 1. Ear-training. Recognition by ear of all seventh chords and their inversions, altered chords, suspensions, etc. 2. Sight-singing exercises in quarter, eighth, sixteenth, thirty- second and sixty-fourth notes and rests, with selections from choral works of Bach, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, etc. 3. Dictation exercises similar to above. Examinations in each course must be passed before the next course may be witered. SUPPLEMENTAL. During the above courses, which have been arranged in the most systematic and progressive manner possible, will be studied : Glees, madrigals, part songs, anthems, motettes and larger musical works by the following authors : Palestrina, Mercadante, Bishop, Smart, Hatton, Sullivan, Haydn, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Gounod, Cowen, Stainer, Elger, and others. All students pursuing the various courses in the Conservatory will be required to complete the above and pass a satisfactory examination in the samt. PUBLIC SCHOOL MUSIC There is no work to which skilful, ambitious teachers can give themselves, which is fraught with such infinite possibilities, as work in our public schools, since in this delightful environment and at this inspirational period in child life is found the atmosphere in which artistic instincts are stirred, poetic genius fired and the sensitive musical naturt aroused and developed. 78 ALBION COLLEGE OUTLINE OF COURSE. Recreation and Rote Songs : Their value, how to teach them ; problems of melody, rhythm and tonality — presented and worked out through attractive melodic forms versus the so-called Dry Technical Exercise. LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS ON THE FOLLOWING TOPICS. Psychology of Child Development ; Practical Pedagogy ; Care of the Child Voice ; Range of the Child Voice ; Changing of Voice ; Qualifications of the Supervisor; His Relation to Superintendent, Principals and Teachers. The Choral Club: Its place in the music life of the public school ; how to organize and conduct it. Beautiful inspirational music for supplemental study. Art of Teaching; Art of Conducting. The text books used are : The Modern Music Series Har- monic and Melodic, and The New Educational Music Course. All pupils pursuing this course will be required to attend the lectures in Musical History. Certificates will be granted to students completing the course. TEACHERS COURSE A special normal course has been arranged for students desiring to obtain a Teachers ' Diploma in Pianoforte, Voice, and other departments. This diploma ranks the same in merit as that of the Artists ' Course, and involves the same training during the first years of study. The last year of the Teachers ' Course, the stu- dent directs his attention mainly towards acquiring the best methods of imparting musical knowledge. In order to make the instruction thoroughly practical, pupils of various grades are utilized, thus affording the normal students the advantage of doing actual teach- ing under the supervision of an experienced master. Pupils taking this course will be required to take at least one year in the Art of Conducting, during which time they will be given practical experi- ence in occasionally conducting rehearsal of the Band, the Saint Cecilia Club, and the Philharmonic Society, under the supervision of the Director of the Conservatory. The normal training involved in preparing for graduation necessitates at least one year ' s attendance at the Conservatory. YEAR BOOK 79 POST-GRflDUATE COURSE A Post-Graduate Course has been arranged for graduates who desire to reach a higher standard of excellence. The technical, intellectual and artistic requirements are considerably greater than those for graduation. A prominent object in this course is to provide the student artist with a varied repertoire suited to his musical individuality and to his needs as a public performer. All students are requested to report to the Director at the be- ginning of each semester for classification and assignments. THEORY Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Music who make Organ their principal subject, are expected to complete the courses specified in Group I. All other candidates for the Bachelor ' s Degree must complete the subjects in Group II. Group III is required of all candidates for graduation in the Musical Literary Course. GROUP I. Harmony (Two hours) Four Semesters V (One hour) Two Semesters Harmonic Analysis. Analysis of Form. Counterpoint I (TwQ hours) TwQ Semesters Composition j Musical History (One hour) Two Semesters Sight Reading (Two hours) Four Semesters GROUP II. Harmony (Two hours) Three Semesters Harmonic Analysis.. ) _ (Qne hour) TwQ Semestcrs Analysis of Form.... ) Musical History .. (One hour) Two Semesters Sight Reading ..„, (Two hours) Four Semesters 80 ALBION OOLLaaB GROUP III. Harmony (Two hours Two Semesters Analysis of Form (One hour) One Semester Musical History (One hour) Two Semesters Sight Rea ding (Two hours) Two Semesters Classes in Harmony are divided into sections of not more than ten students ; in Counterpoint, not more than five. HARMONY First Semester — Notation, scales, keys, signatures, intervals, formation and location of triads, chord connections. Simple part- writing from given sopranos and basses, using the principal triads in the fundamental position. Inversions of the principal triads. The chord of the dominant seventh, with its inversions. The secondary triads in major. Second Semester— The secondary triads in minor. Inversions of the secondary triads. Open position. The dominant ninth and the leading tone seventh, with their inversions. Modulation to nearly related keys. Harmonizing melodies which modulate. Origi- nal work. Third Se?nester — Secondary chords of the seventh, with their inversions. Altered chords, enharmonic changes, irregular resolu- tions, modulation to more distant keys. Original work. Fourth Semester — Modulation continued. Non-harmonic tones, suspension, retardation, appoggiatura, anticipation, passing tone, embellishment, pedal point, melodic figuration and accompaniment Harmonizing Bach ' s figured chorales. Original work. Text — Harmony, by Chadwick. ANALYSIS (Open only to those who have completed three semesters of Harmony.) First Semester — Harmonic Analysis. Analysis of the harmonic structure of standard compositions. Upon the completion of this course the student will be able to reduce any composition to four- part harmony, and account for all foreign tonas. THAR BOOK il Text — Harmonic Analysis, by Cutter. Second Semester — Analysis of Form. The student is required to write examples of the motive, section, phrase, period and primary forms. Study of the composite forms, the theme with variations, dance forms, the ternary form, rondos, and the sonata. Analysis of the Beethoven Sonatas. The contrapuntal forms, the fugue and the double fugue. Text — Musical Form, Bussler-Cornell. COUNTERPOINT (Open only to those who have completed Harmony.) First Semester — Simple Counterpoint in the five specie in two, three and four parts. Mixture of species. Text — Simple Counterpoint, by Lehmann. Second Semester — Simple Counterpoint continued. Combina- tion of species. Double Counterpoint, including Counterpoint in the tenth and twelfth. Triple and quadruple Counterpoint. Coun- terpoint in five, six, seven and eight parts. Third Semester — Canon in all intervals in two, three and four part . Free imitation. Fugue begun. Fourth Semester — Two, three and four-part fugues. Vocal fugues. Fugues with two or more subjects. HISTORY OF MUSIC (Required of all candidates for graduation.) This course comprises two recitations each week throughout the year, tracing the development of musical instruments, forms, styles and ideals, from the beginning of the Christian Era to the present. Much attention is given to the study of representative works of the more important composers. The text furnishes a bare outline, much information being gathered from assigned collateral reading in the College Library, which is available to students of the Conservatory. Text — Outlines of Music History, by Edward Dickinson. 82 -4X.BION COLLHKM EXPENSES Voice, Piano, Organ, Orchestral and Band Instruments The tuition fees are as follows for each semester : Head of the Voice Department — Two lessons per week (thirty minutes) ......,....$50.00 One lesson per week (thirty minutes) 30.00 Head of the Piano Department — Two lessons per week (thirty minutes) 45.00 One lesson per week (thirty minutes) 25.00 Head of the Organ Department — Two lessons per week (thirty minutes) 45.00 One lesson per week (thirty minutes) 25.00 Head of the Orchestral Department — Two lessons per week (thirty minutes) 45.00 One lesson per week (thirty minutes) 25.00 Other Instructors — Two lessons per week (thirty minutes) 35.00 One lesson per week (thirty minutes) 18.00 Pu lie School Music — Two lessons per week in class 10,00 Harmony and Counterpoint — Two lessons per week in class... 10,00 Solfeggio and Sight -Readings- Two lessons per week in class 5.00 Musical History — Two lessons per week in class 5.00 Philharmonic Society... 1 Saint Cecilia Club I „ Instruction Free Orchestra and Band J Diploma Fee .$ 6.00 Certificate Fee 3.00 An incidental fee of $3.00 per semester, part of which is to defray the expenses of Artists ' Recitals. DIPLOMAS Diplomas are awarded to candidates passing the final examina- tion in any of the following departments, namely: Pianoforte, Voice, Pedal Organ, Musical Theory, Violin, Violoncello and Or- •htstral Instruments. YEAR BOOK 8t Candidates for graduation should present their petitions to the Conservatory Faculty for consideration at least one year before commencement. FREE PRIVILEGES The following free advantages are offered to all College and Conservatory Students who are musically qualified : The Philharmonic Society, numbering two hundred voices, which studies and presents to the public from time to time such works as Handel ' s Messiah, Mendelssohn ' s Elijah, Haydn ' s Creation, Gounod ' s Redemption, and similar works. The Saint Cecilia Musical Club, composed of fifty of the choicest ladies ' voices in the Conservatory, and constituting one of the finest artistic organizations in the West. THE ORCHESTRA AND COLLEGE BAND. Weekly rehearsals are held of both Chorus and Orchestra. The experience and drill under so eminent a conductor as Mr. Cozine, are of the greatest value, especially to those preparing for professional work. The Library, which contains 21,600 volumes and all leading periodicals of the day, is free to the students of the Conservatory. There is a well-equipped Gymnasium with general instruction by competent teachers throughout the year, which is free to the students of the Conservatory. Thus it will be seen that the free advantages available at the Albion Conservatory are a liberal education in themselves. INSTRUCTION IN ART The primary purpose of this department is to cultivate a sense of the beautiful in the pupil and to enable him to express it ade- quately by means of some artistic production. It aims to conduct the pupil with thoroughness from the simplest rudiments to a eomplete understanding and knowledge of the highest branches of art. The close association between the department and the college enables the pupil to lay a sound foundation for its fullest appre- ciation and comprehension. In whatever line one ' s work may lie, at least an elementary knowledge of art will be of service, not only through the joy that comes through personal appreciation, but through the power of picturing his thought to others. Every work of art is based upon a harmonious arrangement of lines, spaces, and often, colors, through which the message is carried to the beholder. This is the essence of composition, a basal study for the student, as through it are stimulated his ingenuity and originality as well as his appreciation of the beau- tiful. Ample opportunity is offered in this department for the study of art. All mediums are used— oil, water color, charcoal, pen, pencil, and pastel. Studie are made from still life, from nature, and from the living model. The constant aim is to give such a knowledge of the principles and practice of art as to fit one to teach the subject successfully in the public schools or to adopt it as a profession. In view of the fact that faulty construction inevitably must produce weak and impracticable results, craft work is used as an introduction to drawing and painting, As a foundation for any serious work in art a thorough training is needed in the fol- io wing : COURSES. Free-hand Drawing. — Drawing from objects or models of his- toric or artistic importance ; also from plants, still life and later from the human figure. The course aims to give a practical handling of different mediums. Mechanical Drawing. — The fundamentals of the course em- brace the theory ef .perspective, both parallel and angular, and the imxn boob: 85 ordinary subjects in a general mechanical course. It involve com- prehensive handling of the various instruments. Applied Design. — In all channels, especially of the Normal Course, a thoughtful application of the design to the purpose is in- culcated. The arrangement of spaces, spotting, and color harmony are emphasized. Wall paper patterns, lettering and designs for rugs and furniture, are some of the practical applications. Craft Work consists in the application of a design to different materials such as leather, stencils, basketry, clay, and book binding. Theory and Harmony of Color. — The principles that control the use of color. The selection and arrangement of elements in the working out of a subject and the representation of the objects not only as they are but as they appear, characterize the artist. The principles of art may be learned by any person of intelligence who is willing to give the necessary time to serious thought and per- sistent practice. Having mastered charcoal and pencil, together with composi- tion and design, the pupil is ready for Oil and Water Color, the mediums to which all previous courses have be«n leading. The theory and harmony of colors is made an especial study after the best methods as used in the School of Applied Arts, New York, while methods and technique are studiously cultivated. Outdoor Sketching. — In the fall and spring the class in outdoor sketching finds a varied supply of interesting studies along the Kalamazoo River, whose two branches unite at Albion. The artistic features of the city, with its neat and well arranged homes, and the rural district, less than a quarter of a mile away from the college, unite to make Albion a most enjoyable place for serious work. The class meets afternoons only and special criticism is given by the instructor from 1 :30 to 4 :30. Students or pupils out- side the college may enter at any time during the year on making proper arrangements with the head of the department. Normal, or Teacher ' s Course. — A special preparation for teach- ing in the public schools. Craft work, handling of water colors, and drawing from models and from nature are a part of the course. The principles of composition and design are also included with their application to the different grades, together with the theory and art of teaching each subject. The Art Club is organized for the benefit of those who wish to study the great masters and their productions. Careful research is given to the methods used and to the purpose and bearing that 86 ALBION COLLEGB art has upon the history of the world. This is assisted by the use ef the projectoscope. At every fourth meeting a competent lec- turer from outside is secured for the club. DIPLOMA AND CREDIT. The earnest student may complete the course in three years. Credit will be given by the department for work done in other Art Schools, or a limited amount may be given for work done in the public schools. Upon completion of the course a diploma is conferred by the college. Credit is also allowed, to a limited degree, in the College of Liberal Arts, for work done in the department. FEES. The regular charge for the full course in the Art and Normal Classes is $60.00 for the year. This entitles the student to mem- bership in the Art Club without extra payment. For the Normal Course alone the charge is $30.00 for the year. PRIVILEGES. Students share in all college activities, most of those taking art at present being affiliated with some college society. Free use of the Gymnasium, Library, membership in the Y. M. C. A. or Y. W. C. A. and other organizations are open to all. SCHOOL OF BUSINESS This is located in pleasant and well-equipped rooms, oc«upyi $ the first floor in the North College Building. The object of the department is three-fold: 1. It gives to all who may wish to engage in business pursuits an opportunity to fit themselves in the most thorough and practical manner. 2. It affords an opportunity to students in other departments, at their option, to take some work in the Business or Shorthand Courses, thereby enabling them to meet everyday business problems intelligently, and enlarging their opportunities for remunerative employment. 3. The demands for higher commercial training are adequately met by the higher courses in Accounting, Business Law, Salesman- ship and Correspondence, supplemented by Advanced Economics in the Literary Department. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. Anyone with good moral character and sufficient ability to pursue the prescribed studies, can enter at any time and pursue any study he desires. The instruction in Bookkeeping, Penmanship, Shorthand, Typewriting, etc., is largely individual, and so may be taken up with profit at any time. WHY ALBION FOR A BUSINESS EDUCATION? 1. Training in business by actual business methods as practiced in modern offices. 2. A wholesome moral atmosphere and association with the best young people of the state. 3. Free Library and Gymnasium privileges. 4. The prestige of one of the best known colleges in the state. 5. Eighteen acres of beautiful campus, no noise of streets, no dust, no stairs or elevators — 4,000 feet of surface, all on first floor. 6. Superior equipment. 7. Teachers of experience, devoting entire time to this work. 8. More for your money than at any similar school. 9. No vague promises — every competent student placed in good position, to date. Albion e isjmmm COURSES OF STUDY. BUSINESS COURSE. First Semester. Second Semester. m. Bookkeeping and Business Bookkeeping and Business Practice. Practice. Commercial Arithmetic. Commercial Arithmetic. Rapid Calculations. Correspondence. Penmanship. Spelling. Spelling. Typewriter Billing. Commercial Geography. Commercial Law. Typewriting. SHORTHAND COURSE. First Semester. Second Semester. Shorthand. Shorthand. Typewriting. Typewriting. Penmanship. Spelling. Spelling. Correspondence. Rapid Calculations. Bookkeeping and Billing, Letter Filing. Mimeographing. COMBINED COURSE. First Semester. Second Semester. Bookkeeping and Business Bookkeeping and Business Practice. Practice. Shorthand. Shorthand. Typewriting. Typewriting. Penmanship. Correspondence. Spelling. Spelling. Rapid Calculations. Billing. SALESMANSHIP AND ADVERTISING. First Semester. Second Semester. Bookkeeping. Law of Contracts and Sales. Business English. Spelling. Spelling. Billing. Penmanship. Advertising. Personal Salesmanship. Business Papers. Correspondence. Ask for special circular on Salesmanship. YEAR BOOK 89 ACTUAL BUSINESS BOOKKEEPING. We use the Actual Business Method at the start. A student must meet office conditions to learn them. On entering he is given a cash capital and takes his place in a business community. He opens his books in his own name, using the current date. He then goes to the bank, kept by one of the students, signs signature book, deposits his capital and receives his book of checks and pass book. He next purchases his books and stationery, and pays his rent at the real estate office, by his personal check, receiving his lease in due form, after which he orders his stock of goods represented by small cards, from one of the wholesale houses in another city. On receipt of his stock of goods, he is notified, pays freight, signs expense bill, takes his goods and receipts and proceeds to trade with his fellow students, as directed in his routine, executing all papers as in real business. The school is provided with BANKING, COMMISSION, TRANSPORTATION AND WHOLESALING facilities. In this department the student is given work to do and is advanced from time to time, until he has filled the various positions in each. The subordinate positions vacated by him as he is advanced, are recruited from the elementary class. To carry on this work successfully, we have our office department provided with large office books, necessary blanks, letter-press, etc. The work in various offices the student finds exceedingly interesting and profit- able to him. The responsible positions, in which he is placed from time to time in each, teach him the many responsibilities falling upon those who are engaged in positions in real business. We are not extremists. x Vctual business has its value and its limitations. As soon as the actual transaction has given the basis of reality to the entry, we discontinue it and give the time to drill in accuracy and detail with volume of work. A graduate from this course is prepared to keep books intelligently and has laid an excellent foundation for professional accountancy. BUSINESS ARITHMETIC. The object of this course is to enable the student to obtain not merely a theoretical knowledge of the subject, but to make a practical application of arithmetic to the various branches of commerce. BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE. To conduct successfully the correspondence of a business con- 90 ALBION COLLEGB cern requires study and experience. Special attention is given to a terse, forceful style of expression. COMMERCIAL LAW. The law of contracts, commercial paper, agency, partnership, corporations,, sales, public service companies, and insurance, with reference to the legal rights and liabilities arising in the conduct of business, with some references to actual cases. SHORTHAND DEPARTMENT. The demand by business concerns, literary men and women, etc., for young men and women to act as stenographers and typists, is constantly increasing. We teach both of these branches most thoroughly in our business department. We shall hereafter offer two systems of Shorthand — the Gregg as the principal one and the Graham as representing Pitmanic systems. It is very desirable for Shorthand teachers to have a knowledge of both systems. Four-fifths of the persons who apply to us for stenographers and typists desire someone who is a good, plain writer and can assist as bookkeeper and in other office work. Hence it is greatly to one ' s advantage to pursue the study of Shorthand and Typewrit- ing in a school where thorough instruction in bookkeeping, business forms, penmanship and office methods may be received at the same time. Business men and others desiring the services of stenograph- ers demand that they have a thorough knowledge of the English branches. We have excellent facilities for giving thorough in- struction to those who need it in all of these branches without extra charge to the student. TYPEWRITING. Special care and attention are given to the students in this work under the direction of an expert operator. Each student is assigned a definite amount of work until a certain proficiency is reached with ability to handle and rapidly execute the various requirements of office work. He is also thoroughly instructed in the proper use and care of the machine. We use only standard machines in our school — Remington, Underwood and L. C. Smith have the preference. We teach the latest method — the Touch System. The work in Grammar, Correspondence and Spelling is the same as outlined in the regular Commercial Course. YEAR BOOK 91 A short course in Bookkeeping is recommended for Shorthand students. There is no extra charge. DIPLOMA AND POSITION. Upon the satisfactory completion of the prescribed Business or Shorthand Course, the strident is granted a diploma. We do not guarantee positions to our graduates, but we always take pleasure in recommending or aiding a worthy student, who is well qualified, in every effort to secure a situation. There is an increasing demand for amanuenses and bookkeepers who are willing to work, and one who thoroughly prepares himself is sure of obtaining profitable employment ; in fact, we stand ready to assist such to a position. We have, during the past year, assisted many of our students to positions, and could have located many more had we possessed the proper material. EXPENSES. For rates of tuition, see table of expenses. BOOKS AND STATIONERY. The books and stationery required for the Commercial Course cost about $8 to $10. For the Shorthand and Typewriting, about $4 to $6. The Penmanship Course will require only a few quires of good paper, pens and ink, that will cost but a small sum. We request all persons who contemplate entering a school of this kind to call on us, inspect the workings of the school, or write us before making a final decision. Address Geo. L. Griswold, Principal, Albion, Mich. BUSINESS MAN ' S COLLEGE COURSE. BUSINESS MAN ' S COLLEGE COURSE. Owing to the increasing demand in the business world for college trained young men, the faculty of Albion College has insti- tuted a three years ' course, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Commercial Science. It is generally conceded that if all business men were thoroughly trained in the underlying principles involved in commercial activities, those who find it necessary to go into bankruptcy would be comparatively few. 92 ALBION COI EGB REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. Candidates for Diploma from the Business Man ' s Course should have had a four years ' high school course, or equivalent. Applicants eighteen years old, or above, however, may pursue the part of the course for which they are qualified while making neces- sary preparation for the remainder in the sub-collegiate courses. Students not high school graduates should present a detailed state- ment of training and business experience. YEAR BOOK THE COURSE. FIRST YEAR. I. 2, English 3 English 3 German, French or College German, French or Algebra 4 Trigonometry 4 Bookkeeping 4 Bookkeeping 4 Arithmetic 4 Salesmanship and Penmanship Correspondence 4 SECONE YEAR. I. 2. English, German or French 4 Banking and Adv. Accounting 3 Shorthand and Typewriting 5 Commercial Law I. 3 English, German or French 4 Auditing and Adv. Accounting 3 Shorthand and Typewriting 5 Commercial Law II. 3 THIRD YEAR. I. 2. English, German or French 4 Economics 4 Physics or Chemistry 4 Business Administration 1 Christian Sociology 2 English, German or French 4 Money, Banking and Finance 3 Physics or Chemistry 4 Normal Training 2 Funds and Uses 2 The course in literary subjects is suggestive, others may be sub- stituted, with advice of committee. • Ten hours ' credit in Economics may be substituted for Short- hand and Typewriting. Ninety hours ' credit will be required for graduation. Ask for circular describing the new course in Salesmanship. 94 ALBION COLLEGE COMMERCIAL TEACHERS ' AND ADVANCED ACCOUNTING COURSE. There is a large field in high schools, colleges and business colleges for well equipped commercial teachers. Such teachers readily find remunerative employment. This course is especially designed as adequate preparation for teaching positions. FIRST YEAR. First Semester. Second Semester. Bookkeeping and Business Bookkeeping and Business Practice. Practice. Shorthand. Shorthand. Typewriting. Typewriting. Penmanship. Correspondence. Spelling. Spelling. Rapid Calculations. Billing. SECOND YEAR. First Semester. Second Semester. Commercial Arithmetic. Methods in Shorthand and Commercial Law I. Bookkeeping. Advanced Accounting. Commercial Law II. Rapid Calculations. Advanced Accounting. Methods in Penmanship and Money and Banking. Arithmetic. The entrance requirements are practically the same as for the Business Man ' s Course. Teachers of experience may be able to complete the course in less than the time suggested. ADVANCED STANDING. Students who have satisfactorily completed subjects in the Business and Shorthand Courses will receive appropriate credit. Certified credit at other colleges in work essentially equivalent to this course will be similarly credited. High school credits in Bookkeeping will not be accepted unless complete sets of books are presented. TEAR BOOK 96 OPPORTUNITIES. A graduate of this course can soon command a high salary as accountant, auditor, manager, cost keeper, newspaper reporter or expert reporter. The extra time given to preparation will prove a wise investment. He will be able to start at a higher salary in a better position, to advance rapidly and attain to the highest positions in the commercial world. GRADUATION. Candidates for Diploma in Business Man ' s Course must have completed ninety hours ' work in a satisfactory manner; Diplomas will be granted only upon merit. The degree of B. C. S., Bachelor of Commercial Science, will be conferred upon those who come with, or make up, entrance requirements equivalent to those of the Literary Department, and complete the subsequent work satis- factorily. Teachers of experience, capable of bringing things to pass in a recitation room, should correspond with the Principal, relative to more congenial and better remunerated positions. We have been able to supply only a small proportion of the calls made upon us for commercial teacjhers. High school graduates looking for professions which are not crowded, should write for information. We can make use of all who come to us with the right preparation for these advanced courses. We have prepared a special prospectus of the Business Man ' s Course, describing in detail the work required and containing other matter of much interest to those who are contemplating preparation for teaching or positions as higher accountants. Ask for it, if interested. EXPENSES Matriculation fee, paid but once.. $ 5.00 Incidental fee, per semester 20.00 Laboratory fee, (cost of material used.) Graduation fee, Literary Department « 10.00 Graduation fee, Conservatory or Art 6.00 Graduation fee, Business _ 5.00 FOR DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS. Incidental fees, per semester $20.00 Diploma fee 10.00 NORMAL COURSE. Tuition for the course, if paid in advance $ 6.00 If paid as work is taken — for whole course 8.00 CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC. See page 83. PAINTING. Incidental fee, per semester $ 3.00 Instruction three hours daily, per semester 30.00 Instruction two hours daily, per semester 23.00 Instruction one hour daily, per semester 15.00 SCHOOL OF BUSINESS. Incidental fee, per semester $ 3.00 Business Course, per semester 30.00 Shorthand Course, per semester 30.00 Business-Shorthand Course, per semester 30.00 Use of typewriter, per semester 2.50 Besides the regular courses there will be classes to accommo- date those from other departments who wish to take special work, as follows : YEAR BOOK 97 Bookkeeping, per semester, five hours a week $10.00 Penmanship, per semester, five hours per week 5.00 Commercial xArithmetic, per semester, five hours 6.00 Commercial Geography, per semester, two hours per week 5.00 Commercial Law, per semester, three hours a week 6.00 Typewriting, per semester, hwe hours a week 5.00 Typewriting, per semester, ten hours a week 9.00 Shorthand, alone, per semester, five hours a week (for col- lege students) „ M 10.00 GENERAL INFORMATION No part of incidentals or tuition in any department is re- funded when student leaves before the end of the semester, unless by special arrangement Payment of incidentals entitles the student to the use of the Gymnasium and instruction in gymnastics, use of bath, etc., with- out additional charge. The following points are worth noting: 1. Some students find opportunities for manual labor by which they defray expenses of board in part or in full. 2. Very largely students form boarding clubs, in connection with which the cost is about $2.50 a week. These clubs are man- aged on a principle to secure excellent board at something below the usual rates. 3. Board costs in private families usually about $2.50 a week, in some places less than this. Rooms are provided at from 50 cents to $2.00 a week. THE EMPLOYMENT BUREAU. For several years a systematized effort has been made to pro- vide work for students desiring it. Through the kindly co-operation of the people in the city, employment has been given to a con- siderable number of students. All students desiring employment should register or correspond with the committee as early as pos- sible. There are no fees charged by the bureau. The members of the committee are Professors Frederick S. Goodrich and Delos Fall and Mrs. Helen K. Scripps. APPOINTMENT COMMITTEE The faculty undertakes to serve students and especially members of the graduating class in the matter of securing suitable positions. To this end the Appointment Committee has been desig- nated, and this committee will endeavor to ascertain the existence YEAR BOOK 99 of vacancies and to bring together school officers in search of suitable teachers and candidates whom the committee can recom- mend as qualified to fill the given positions. The chairman of the committee is Professor Delos Fall. CLOSING EXAMINATIONS 1. Except by special arrangement approved by vote of the faculty, all students must be present at examinations and the closing recitations of the semester, or no credit will be given for the work pursued. 2. Students absenting themselves from the closing or exami- nation work will not, unless such absence is caused by sickness or other unavoidable conditions, be allowed to take the omitted ex- aminations. 3. All incompletes must be removed within six weeks of the beginning of the next semester in order to obtain credit without sigain taking the work in class. ATTENDANCE 1. Persons coming to Albion for the purpose of entering any department of the college are subject to its government from the time of their arrival ; and whenever a student has entered the college, he is under its jurisdiction until his connection is formally closed by graduation or otherwise. 2. Uninterrupted attendance upon college duties during term time is required. Under ordinary circumstances visiting home or friends is discouraged. 3. On each school day, religious services are held in the Col- lege Chapel, which all students are required to attend. Aside from the benefits to be derived from these devotional services, the students have an opportunity each day to meet the President and Faculty for guidance in their work. The unity of movement and the largest efficiency in the prosecution of their studies cannot be secured without the daily convening of all students. CHURCH ATTENDANCE On Sunday morning, students are required to attend public worship at such church as they or their parents or guardians may 100 ALBION COLLEGE select, and each student is expected to be uniform in his attend- ance at the church of his choice. On Thursday evening is held the general weekly prayer-meeting, which, though a voluntary ser- vice, is attended by a majority of the students. SOCIETIES No literary or other society can exist in connection with the college unless by permission granted after the Constitution and By- Laws of the same shall have been submitted to the faculty for examination, and shall have received their approval. Whenever the workings of any society shall be deemed prejudicial to the interests of the institution, such society shall be dissolved. The times and places of the meetings of the societies will be subject to regulation by the Faculty; and all meetings, whether of regular societies or any other body of students, shall be open for the attendance of any member of the faculty or the Board of Trustees. No society in the college may invite any lecturer to address them in public until the name of the proposed lecturer shall have been laid before the President, and he shall have given permission to extend the invitation. There are seven literary societies connected with the college— the Eclectic and Atheniaedes Society, the Sorosis, the Zetalethian, the Forum, the Pierian and the Philomathean. These organiza- tions are expected to do work up to the grade of college culture — essays, orations, debates, literary criticisms. YOUNG MEN ' S 0ND YOUNG WOMEN ' S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION The Young Men ' s and Young Women ' s Christian Associations are represented in Albion by strong interdenominational student associations. Their aim is to present to the men and women of the college a true ideal of character; the ideal of the perfect man or woman, spiritual, mental, physical, and to so guide their activities that every student may receive the benefits derived from them. During the first days of the fall semester, Membership Com- mittees meet the trains and help the new students to locate, while •ach has an information bureau and social centre at Robinson Hall, YEAR BOOK 101 where a list of available rooms is found and where the students avail themselves of the opportunities for becoming better ac- quainted. During the first three days of the year, the Y. M. C. A. holds a stag gathering for an hour after supper where the new and old men may meet and where the germs of the year ' s college spirit are set growing. The first Friday night a joint reception is always held in the Gymnasium for the faculty and all the students. By this time the new students have had an opportunity to become acquainted with the faculty and student body, and are prepared to begin the year ' s work. Each month during the year a social gathering is held by each of the associations, separately, affording opportunity for all to gather in common. During the year Bible and Mission Study Classes are carried on by each association. Their object is to afford an opportunity to become better acquainted with these subjects and to give a prepara- tion to lead such classes when occasion demands. A new feature of the Y. M. C. A. work is making a strong appeal to many of the men. Under the auspices of the Social Service Committee, work is being done among the shopmen of the city, teaching foreigners the English language and similar activities. Further information concerning the associations may be gained by writing for handbook containing information regarding both the associations and the college. ORATORICAL COMMITTEE The Oratorical Committee under the general supervision of each literary society, one from each fraternity or sorority, and two members of the faculty. This organization, consisting of twenty- two members, is responsible for the College Oratorical and De- bating interests. INTERCOLLEGIATE DEBATES The Oratorical Committee is composed of two members from the Professor of English and Oratory, has done excellent work along the lines of intercollegiate debates. Albion ' s record for the past twelve years has been an enviable one in this regard. 102 ALBION COLLEGE Albion ' s Record in Debates Since 1900. HELD AT WON BY 1900 Albion vs. Allegheny Albion ... Albion 1901 Albion vs. Allegheny Meadville, Pa Albion 1902 Albion vs. Alma Alma Albion 1902 Albion vs. DePauw Albion Albion 1903 Albion vs. Lawrence Albion Albion 1903 Albion vs. Upper Iowa Fayette, la Albion 1903 Albion vs. DePauw Greencastle, Ind DePauw 1904 Albion vs. Upper Iowa Albion Albion 1905 Albion vs. Lawrence Appleton, Wis Lawrence 1905 Albion vs. Washington and Jefferson Albion Albion 1905 Albion vs. Kalamazoo Albion - Albion 1906 Albion vs. Earlham Richmond, Ind .Albion 1906 Albion vs. Allegheny Meadville, Pa Allegheny 1906 Albion vs. Illinois Wesleyan Albion Albion 1907 Albion vs. Allegheny Albion - Albion 1907 Albion vs. Illinois Wesleyan Bloomington, 111 111. Wes. 1908 Albion vs. Detroit Law Albion Albion 1908 Albion vs. DePauw Albion DePauw 1909 Albion vs. DePauw Albion Albion 1909 Albion vs. DePauw Greencastle, Ind Albion 1909 Albion vs. Beloit Albion Albion 1909 Albion vs. Detroit Law Detroit Albion 1910 Albion vs. Earlham Albion Earlham 1910 Albion vs. DePauw Albion .. Albion 1910 Albion vs. DePauw.. .„ A Greencastle, Ind Albion 1910 Albion vs. Beloit Beloit, Wis Albion 1911 Albion vs. Earlham Richmond, Ind Albion 1911 Albion vs. Lawrence Appleton, Wis Lawrence 1911 Albion vs. Beloit Albion Albion No student is allowed to serve on more than one debating team during a college year, nor to serve on a debating team and appear in the State Oratorical Contest during the same year. Students representing the college on a debating team or in a State Oratorical Contest are not permitted to carry more than fifteen, nor less than ten hours ' work during the semester in which preparation for the debate or contest is made. YEAR BOOK 103 RECORD IN ORATORICAL CONTESTS. Albion students compete every year in several intercollegiate oratorical contests; the regular State contest, the Woman ' s, the Peace, and the Prohibition. In the last four years they have been represented in fourteen of these , and in the fourteen have won first place nine times. In the State contest, composed of nine colleges, Albon students have won first place five times in succession — in 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911 and 1912. In addition, Albion has participated in several Interstate contests during the same years, and has won third place three times, sec ond twice, and in 1911 first place in the National Peace contest at Baltimore. CO-OPERATIVE ASSOCIATION One of the greatest items of expense to a college student is books. He must read much and read thoroughly. In order to do this well he must not depend on borrowed books, but must have books of his own to which he may refer frequently. The Albion College Co-Operative Association was organized December, 1893, for the purpose of furnishing text books and all other books to the students, faculty and alumni at reduced rates. From the first, the association has had phenomenal success. It has reduced the price of books from 10 to 40 per cent, and at the same time it has been put upon a firm paying basis. During the short time it has been doing business it has sold $75,000 worth of books, all of which have been sold directly to the students and members of the faculty. There is a growing tendency on the part of the students to form libraries of standard books, and thus their work in the class room is greatly facilitated. Any book may be procured through the association, whether it is kept in stock or not. We have at present thirteen hundred and fifty members. Upon the purchase of eight dollars worth of books, any student or for- mer student is entitled to a life membership, with all the privileges attaching thereunto, including discount upon all books purchased. HONORS, CLASS OF 1911 Valedictorian — Grace M. Harrison. Salutatorian — Leroy W. Stewart. HONOR LIST. Each instructor is permitted to report to the Registrar an honor student out of every twenty, or major fraction thereof, pursuing a given subject. It is the duty of the Registrar to receive these reports, reduce them to a common basis and furnish the President on Commencement Day with the names of the ten who stand highest on the list. During the college year 1910-1911 there were 72 students in the four college classes who were reported for honors in one or more of their classes, or just 25 per cent of all the students in the college proper. The ten standing highest on the list were announced on Commencement Day, 1911. Their names are gi en beloiv, arranged in alphabetical order : Desjardins, Helen M Kalamazoo Field, Florence Flint Fitch, Albert I Byron Center Howell, Augusta E.... ...Saginaw Rogers, Ruth M Edwardsburg Rulison, Esther P ...Flint Steere, A. Prudence Crystal Stewart, Leroy W Lowell Weston, Glennie Battle Creek Wilson, W. Harold Albion CANDIDATES FOR GRADUATION DEGREE OF A. M. Fitch, Albert Hume, Emma Langworthy, Charles A. Miller, Anna Mae Moore, Mildred Wheatley, Marshall A. Adams, Gwendolen Adams, Merrill C. Bean, Leona Bechtel, Vera Bemer, Clarence Billings, Lloyd C. Blanchard, Arthur G. Clancy, R. Paul Clark, Fred E. Crawford, Genevieve De Cou, Albert H. Doty, Mabel E. Exelby, Frances A. Furman, Hazel Harrison, Fred Henderson, Ralph R. Hendricks, Emily B. Hudnutt, Dean Jelsch, John Karr, Harrison M. Kelley, Gladys H. DEGREE OF A. B. Lampman, Fred E. McKenney, Hazel Moore, Margera Newcomer, Susie M. Osborne, George R. Ostrander, Russell P. Packard, Ivan Parker, Ruth E. Pettibone, Ethel Pinkerton, Mildred E. R. Roberts, Riggie R. Robinson, Leroy T. Seelye, M. Othello Shattuck, Marquis E. Stone, Ruth Sturtevant, Rhoda Tubbs, Edna E. Voigtlander, Gertrude Weston, Glen me Whitmer, Harriett Young, Harry H. CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC Bonney, Cecil Eveland, Augusta PIANO. Smith, Genevieve Trese, Aletta ORGAN. Fox, Millie E. 106 ALBION COLLEGE Boycc, Rebecca Fairbanks, Lulu Hess, Lucik Boyce, Rebecca Brumstead, May E. Dillion, Irma B. Fisher, Lois B. Hamma, Sarah Hess, Lucile Keene, Pearl B. Newell, Vera Alda Parsons, Florence Powrie, Emily VOICE. Hoffman, Flossie Schenck, Lucile Wells, Susie Wilson, Coral PUBLIC SCHOOL MUSIC Rish, Edith L. L Seelye. Erma Schenck, Lucile Shoup, Lulu Smith, Mabel Teeple, Florence Agnes Trebilcock, Myrtle Wartman, Eunice Williams, Orpha Wilson, Coral Wright, Etta Newell, Vera A. Ramsay, Mary Desmond, Martha Keen, Pearl B. Powrie, Emily F. Parsons, Florence ART Smith, Mabel Wright. Etta S. NORMAL ART. Shoup, Lulu M. Smith, Mabel Wilson, Florence Wright, Etta S. SCHOOL OF BUSINESS BACHELOR OF COMMERCIAL SCIENCE. Cook, Arthur Cronk, Ethel Clark, E. O. Blanchard, Arthur G. COMBINED COURSE. Huntley, Royal Mackey, Ruth Strohmer, Mary Young, Carlton YEAR BOOK 107 SHORTHAND COURSE. Brunk, Marie Nivison, Earl Gale, Hazel Stout, Jessie Gress, Margarate Thompson, Deam Neil, Marie Thompson, H, O. TEACHER ' S COURSE. B«nfe. Lea Carmichael, Arleett CANDIDATES FOR STATE TEACHERS ' CERTIFICATES Adams, Gwendolen McKenney, Hazel Bean, Leona Moore, Margera Bemer, Clarence Newcomer, Susie M. Billings, Lloyd C. Packard, Ivan Blanchard, Arthur G. Parker, Ruth E. Doty, Mabel E. Pettibone, Ethel Engle, Alithea A. Pinkerton, Mildred E. R. Exelby, Frances A. Richardson, Harry A. Furman, Hazel Stone, Ruth Jelsch, John Sturtevant, Rhoda Kelley, Gladys H. Tubbs, Edna E, Lampman, Fred E. Weston, Glennie Whitmer, Harriett GRADUATE STUDENTS Fitch, Albert 1 Byron Center Hume, Emma Lansing Langworthy, Charles Albert Albion Miller, Anna Mae Parma Moore, Mildred Grand Rapids Wheatlev, Marshall A Gladwin SENIORS. Adams, Gwendolen Calumet Adams, Merrill C Calumet Bean, Leona Albion Bechtel, Vera F Detroit Bemer, Clarence Albion Billings, Lloyd C Grand Rapids Note. — The policy of the college is to indicate in the addresses the localities from which its students have been drawn. There- fore, even when a student changes his home residence to this city, the old address will still be given, though marked with a . 108 ALBION COI LE0JE Blanchard, Arthur G I Sand Lake Clancy, R. Paul Albion Clark, Fred E Albion Crawford, Genevieve Eaton Rapids De Cou, Albert H Flint Densmore, Ida A Kalamazoo Doty, Mabel E Albion Exelby, Frances A Britton Furman, Hazel K .Wixom Harrison, Fred H Albion Hartt, George W Albion Henderson, Ralph R St. Johns Hendricks, Emily B South Haven Hudnutt, Dean Hanover Jelsch, John Romeo Karr, Harrison M Lapeer Kelley, Gladys H Marshall Lampman, Fred E Lake City McKenney, Hazel Byron Center Moore, Margera H Albion Newcomer, Susie M Monroe Osborne, George R Whittemore Ostrander, Russell P Lansing Packard, Ivan Grand Rapids Parker, Ruth E Cadiz, O. Pettibone, Ethel Albion Pinkerton, Mildred E. R .....Detroit Roberts, Riggie R Gladwin Robinson, Leroy T..... ...Joliet, 111. Seelye, M. Othello ............... Durand Shattuck, Marquis E Pontiac Stone, Ruth Hopkins Sturtevant, Rhoda Owosso Tubbs, Edna E ...Albion Voigtlander, Gertrude Albion Weston, Glennie Battle Creek Whitmer, Harriett Burr Oak Young, Harry H Benton Harbor JUNIORS. Allen, Viva L Clinton Baker, Ethel R Albion Baker, Mary Albion YHJLSt BOOK 109 Broxholm, John W Albion Buchanan, Edna I Reading Cheney, Mina L Adrian De Cou, Marguerite Orion Dickie, Brockway Albion Dyer, George W Caro Ellinger, Henry W Albion Emmons, Owen A Albion Field, Florence Flint Field, Nellie Flint Finlay, Hazel Battle Creek French, Marguerite ....Muskegon Funk, L. D Athens Gambee, Luzette R Albion Gibbs, Mildred S Albion Gleason, Hazel L Marshall Harton, William C Albion Hicks, Walter W Coloma Hill, Hazel G Oneida, N. Y. Hodge, Myra M Detroit Howell, Augusta E Saginaw Huckle, Arthur W St. Clair Lamb, Burley F .. Albion Lewis, Clayton A ... Lamb Loucks, Blanche H Grand Rapids Madison, Orin E Ovid Merrill, Ernest J Grand Blanc Nagle, Dow D .....Albion Packard, Frances Grand Rapids Passmore, Fred D Swartz Creek Pilcher, Raymond F Albion Plumb, Leon F .Albion Reed, Star M Coldwater Rulison, Esther P Flint Seipp, Oral W Okemos Sluyter, John B N. Towanda, Pa. Steere, A. Prudence Crystal Stinchcomb, Florence Marshall Strong, J. Stoughton Albion Tubbs, Glenna Albion Tubbs, Lula L Albion Vernor, Richard E.. Detroit 110 ALBION COLLEGE Wang, Su-i Chinkiang, China Wheatley, Benjamin W Gladwin Wilbur, Ralph ......Albion Wilson, W. Harold Albion Wunch, Ida A Grand Rapid SOPHOMORES. Adams, Joseph E Sterling, 111. Allan, Howard B Pontiac Babcock, Ray E Galien Benjamin, Fay E Sand Lake Cook, Ernest L Colon Cryderman, Earl C Millington Desjardins, Helen M -. Kalamazbo Desjardins, M. Lucile ♦Kalamazoo Dratz, Elsa B Muskegon Dunphey, Nettie M Cedar Springs Ely, Clarence R Highland Park English, Kenneth L Wayne Evans, F. Elmer Sterling, 111. Eveland, Augusta Mayville Fall, Donald Mac Albion Farley, George D Battle Creek Fee, Amy L Marlette Fisher, Howard M Hubbardston Footitt, Frank F St. Johns Gleason, Bessie E „ Marshall Goodwin, Lora C Ionia Granger, Ralph H : Morenci Griffin, Clare E Traverse City Hafford, Clinton S Albion Hickok, Frances L Plainwell Howe, Viola L Howell Hughes, Vivian I Marshall Hume, Lula E Lansing Hungerford, Estelle _ Battle Creek Johnson, Charlotte Stockbridge Kirkpatrick, Grace Unionville Laberteaux, Irene B _ Niles Lacey, Minty _ Hart La Franier, Kate B Bay City Lambertson, Floyd W.._ - Sparta Landon, Marguerite Battle Creak THAR BOOK 111 Lewis, Peirce Muskegon Lohr, Herbert M Berrien Springs Luce, George P Napoleon McAra, Grace A Davison Mershon, Fred J Kalamazoo Miller, William A -...Sturgis Molyneaux, Lola Auburn Oakes, Ora P Albion O ' Boyle, Frank A M Coral Packard, M. Alice Grand Rapids Palmer, William C Cedar Peatling, John H Mendon Perrott, Arthur B _ Hanover Peterson, Ralph L Decatur Pettibone, Letitia Albion Reed, Marshall G Onsted Reilley, Millie G Bellaire Rogers, Ruth M Edwardsburg Rorabacher, Ruth Battle Creek Shepard, Bert H Lake Odessa Smith, Bernadine ....Marengo Smith, Jennie M : Morley Smith, Raymond Grand Ledge Smith, Russell J Sparta Steele, Eugene B Galien Steele, Nettie Albion Steffe, David E Albion Stephenson, Bird R Muskegon Strong, Gerald D Homer Turner, Sadie B Flushing Tyndall, E. Jean Cedar Springs Walker, Louisa Clare Walworth, Otto L Reese Wearne, Richard D Allegan Wesley, Arthur F Marengo Weston, Rex Northport Whear, William H JKearsarge White, George I Marshall Wiegman, Paul— Holt Wilgon, Mary Helen Marlette Wright, Ida L Albion 112 ALBION COLLB B FRESHMEN. Adriance, Effie Gobleville Anderson, Sophie D Flint Armstrong, Hadley B Albion Aultman, Paul M Ovid Avery, Floyd N Albion Avery, Marshall Dansville Babcock, Lloyd Galien Bacon, Will E ! Standish Barr, M. Elizabeth.... Albion Beach, Clayton Muskegon Beach, Joseph M Buchanan Beebe, Austin S Albion Blue, John J Columbiaville Bornor, June E Albion Bretz, Martha M Albion Brewer, Harry A Flint Brown, L. Opal Otsego Browning, Marjorie M Decatur Bullen, Donald Albion Bushaw, W. A. B...... Reese Buzzard, Claude H Bay City Carroll, Roxa May.. Central Lake Chamberlain, Ruth Standish Chilson, Leland Sparta Clancy, Persis I Muttra, India Colby, Martha T Albion Colvin, Esther M Pontiac Cooley, Lora O... Wacousta Cranor, Gifford B Ludington Creaser, Bernice R..._ Sunfield Crowley, Nina Ruth Mt. Pleasant Crumb, Homer A Coloma Cullum, William H Detroit De Cou, Mildred C Orion Densmore, Jennie L Bellaire Elliott, Bernice _ Crystal Valley English, Grace A Albion Farnum, Vernon M.. Millington Ferguson, Irene Albion Field, Paul L + FHnt YEAR BOOK 113 Fox, Guy Elkton Gardner, Eldridge Galien Gardner, Helen B Sturgis Geiger, Mabel E Marshall Graham, Hugh S Greenville Gray, Lois M Hillsdale Harrison, Blanche Mt. Pleasant Hisey, Ventry , Yale Hopkins, Benton Detroit Howell, Marie Albion Hurst, George R Reese Karcher, Howard St. Johns Karchner, Lucile Colon Keefer, Karl H.. .....-..-Byron Center Keeler, Kenneth B Concord Keller, Florence Buchanan Kelley, Con. W Galien Kesselring, Gertrude Mosherville Kilby, Margaret O .Marshall Lansing, Frank Napoleon Larime, Harry L Hart Layher, Ernest .....Marshall Leary, Floyd D Grand Rapids Lekstrum, Oscar Sparta Loree, Maurice C Ovid Lowther, Alfred H Detroit Lutz, Zael E Sterling, 111. Lynd, Robert L Detroit Malcolm, Zilpah Zay Flint Margeson, Charles L Burlington Marlatt, George E Detroit Maxwell, Edna E Belding McEldowney, Dorothy K Pontiac Mcllvenna, Orley J Highwood Mcintosh, Eli N Romeo Meeker, Juanita M Sparta Morrow, Jeanette Central Lake Morrow, Orville W.. Birmingham Morse, Julia Middleton Nieh, Miriam L Kin Kiang, China Olsen, Walter T Ann Arbor Ostrander, A. Muriel -.. ..........Flint 114 ai-bzon oojaumom Overmeycr, Elsie E Toledo, Ohio Page, Pearl E Marshall Pease, Glenn R Ft Collins, Colo. Penzotti, Richard B Buenos Ay res, S. A. Peterson, Nicholas E... Sutton ' s Bay Poleski, John Pittsburg, Pa. Posluszny, Casirnir...... Pittsburg, Pa. Potter, Raymond F ...Clare Powells, Jacob J Grand Rapids Prosser, Earl I Onondaga Puffer, Frances E Battle Creek Rted, Arthur J Saranac Reed, E. Percy Spring Arbor Reed, Preston E Albion Reed, Roberta M .....Albion Reynolds, Chauncey Jonesrille Robertson, Ruth B Detroit Rogers, Ruth F ..Albion Roscoe, Jessie A „ Traverse City Rowe, Richard Cornwall, England Sackett, Alta Eckford Steley, Grace L..... Mayville Sheehan, Edna H ......Grand Ripids Slater, John E.. Ionia Smith, Leon S Saranac Smith, E. Myra Girard Smith, Mrs. Mabel Ithaca Smoll, Allen E .....Jonesville Snow, Samuel A «...Ludingtoa Sprague, Mabel M Vermontville Sproat, Howard Grand Rapids Stacks, Mayfred Charlevoix Steele, Eugene R. Northport Steffe, Floyd F Springport Stewart, Beth Clyde, Ohio Stowe, Walter R Reed City Sutton, Margaretta M Albion Swem, Boyd R Ashton Tullar, Irving M Brooklyn, N. Y. Turner, Arietta A..... Evart Tweedie, Earl R. Xroswell Vanduzer, Susie Dee ttur YHAK BOOK 1 Walker, Q, Forrest Jackson Welcome, Pansy Pinconning Wilmot, Bourke C Gladwin Wilton, Joe Hanover Withee, Floyd M Marshall SPECIAL STUDENT OF COLLEGE RANK. Btftrand, Arthur E Muskegon SUB-COLLEGIATE AND UNCLASSIFIED.  Baker, Earl LaPorte Barnard, Rae Mancelona Barr, Flossie -Albion Beckton, Gladys Brown City Beckford, Walter H Pigeon Behling, Emma Albion Bostwick, Lyle D ...Kalamazoo Bower, Ella M _Owosso Boyce, Rebecca Middleville Bryce, Robert Pinconning Cassmore, Claire Sandusky Church, Marie Albion Economoff, Gregory T Albion Fairbanks, Lulu D Muskegon Fisher, Herman D Grand Rapids Fox, Millie Grand Rapids Frisinger, Roy Lansing Goodrich, Frederick H Albion Hall, John H Albion Hatch, Irene Horton Heckert, Lena T Jasper Hess, Lucille Napoleon Hichens, Herbert N Lelant, Cornwall, Bngland Hudnutt, Pearl C Middleport, N. Y. Hyde, Claude M Albion Kies, Glen S Hillsdale Kiesling, Earl L St. Johns Liddicoat, Henry ..Albion Lone, Victor E Flint Lowe, Galdys C Ovid Lower, Victor E Flint Lutes, Harold S Albion 116 ALBION COLiLBQB Marble, David P Albion Marker, Irving Edenville McCredie, Darwin S Roscommon Mcintosh, Earl J Bay City Mcintosh, Marcus G. Grant Meerse, Edward J Grand Rapids Miners, John T Tremountain Nagler, Harold Freeport Norton, Grace Petoskey Ott, Harry G Buffalo Oughton, Chas Albion Owen, Maude Ortonville Post, Irving S Albion Rosacrans, Marion.. Tecumseh Rose, Joseph E Sparta Sergeant, Gertrude Battle Creek Shaw, Spe ncer T Calgary, Alberta Simon9, Vera Highgate, Ont. Snow, Verne Horton Talbot, Joseph A. G Rockview Teeple, Florence Deckerville Vernor, Dudleigh F Detroit Wait, Iva G Auburn Warren, Harold M Plymouth Weld, Frank E Delta Willets, Gertrude Albion Williams, Roy H Marquette Wilson, Florence M Marlette Wilson, George Hartlepod, England CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC PIANO. Barr, Flossie Albion Beckton, Gladys Brown City Blashfield, Libbie Jackson Bonney, Cecil East Tawas Boyle, Ethel Butler, Ind. Brumsted, May Batavia, N. Y. Burt, Nellie Lake Odessa Chamberlain, Ruth Standish YEAR BOOK 117 Colby, Martha Albion Cozinc, Estelle Albion Cozine, Ruth Albion Dean, Clark Albion Dean, Ethel Albion Dickey, Neva I Reese Easton, Hazel Piano, 111. Eveland, Augusta Mayville Fairbanks, Lulu Muskegon Field, Nellie Flint Fitchett, Myron Caseville Ford, Ethel Albion Fox, Millie E Grand Rapids Gambee, Norine Albion Hatch, Irene Horton Hathaway, Vera Ovid Heckert, Lena Jasper Houghton, Etta Nashville Hudnutt, Pearl Middleport, N. Y. Hurler, Morse Albion Hyde, Claude Albion Ingalls, Gertrude Ada :. . Albion Keene, Pearl Grand Rapids Kilby, Margaret Marshall Kimmell, Katharine Union City King, Louise Homer Lewis, Irene .....Albion Lowe, Gladys ., ........Ovid Lyon, Avis Albion Marker, Iva ,„Edenville Marsh, Frances Albion Marshall, L. Emogene Mason Martin, Lydia Lennon Maxwell, Edna Belding Meeker, Juanita M Sparta Mershon, Fred Kalamazoo Page, Pearl Marshall Parsons, Florence St. Clair Pendill, Ruth Marshall Priest, Elmira Albion Pugh, Edith Albion Reynolds, Mabel Laurium 118 ALBION COLLEGE Robertson, Ruth Detroit Rosacrans, Marion — Tecumick Saylcs, Glenna Albion Seelye, Erma . .....Saginaw Skde, Lucy Ironwood Smith, Genevieve „ Albion Sprague, Mabelle Vermontville Stewart, Elizabeth Clyde, Ohio Stewart, Mildred Bradentown, Fla. Teeple, Florence Deckerville Trese, Aletta Bay City Watson, Edna Albion Wilder, Audrey Albion Wildey, Gena Burlington Williams, Orpha... ..... Reading Willets, Gertrude.... Albion Wills, Alfred Marshall Wilson, Coral Albion Wilson, Florence MarLotte. VOICE. Atkinson, Vern Marlette. Barr, Flossie Albion Borner, June Albion Boyce, Rebecca Middleville Brumsted, May Batavia, N. Y. Collier, Ethel ..Springport Collier, Georgia Springport Dillon, Irma. East Tawas Elliott, Bernice ..Crystal Valley Fairbanks, Lulu .......Muskegon Farley, George......... Battle Creek Fish, Mrs. T. S Marshall Fisher, Lois Three Oaks Gibbs, Mildred Albion Good, Minnie Albion Griffin, Marjorie Albion Hamma, Sarah Union City Hathaway, Vera Ovid Hess, Lucile Napoleon Hoffman, Flossie Quincy Houghton, Etta NashvilU YBAR BOOK 11$ Huckle, Isabelle Albion Hyd«, Claude Albion Karchner, Lucile -Colon Kimmell, Katharine . ...XJdLoa (3% Langworthy, Ina Albion Lewis, Irene.. Albion Lowe, Gladys..- Ovid Lowther, Alfred Detroit Marker, Iva Edenville Nagle, Dow Albion Oakes, Ora Albion Ostrander, Russell Lansing Overmeyer, Elsie Toledo, Ohio Parsons, Florence St. Clair Powrie, Emily St. Clair Pugh, Edith Albion Reed, Preston Albion Reynolds, Mabel Lauriunt Rish, Edith Albion Rosacrans, Marion -...Tecumaelt Rose, J. Emerson Sparta Schenck, Lucile Cass City Seelye, Bertha Saginaw Seelye, Erma Saginaw Sheehan, Edna Grand Rapids Snow, Samuel. Ludington Stewart Elizabeth Clyde, Ohio Thompson, H. O .Reese Trebilcock, Myrtle.. Gwinn Tullar, Irving... .......Brooklyn, N. Y. Vernor, Dudleigh Detroit Vernor, Richard E. Detroit Wartmon, Eunice Albion Wells, Susie North Adaats White, Ethelyn Lowell Williams, Orpha Reading Wilson, Coral Albion Wilson, Florence Marlette Wright, Etta Albion Young, Harry Benton Harbor ORGAN. Atkinson, Vern Marlette 130 ALBION COLLEGE Burt, Nellie Lake Odessa Fox, Millie Grand Rapids Haeske, Amanda... ...Albion Hatch, Irene Horton Hudnutt, Pearl Middleport, N. Y. Keene, Pearl Grand Rapids Rose, J. Emerson... Sparta Slade, Lucy Ironwood Snow, Samuel Ludington Vernor, Dudleigh F Detroit ORCHESTRAL DEPARTMENT. Billings, Lloyd Grand Rapids Bohm, Albert Albion Chamberlain, Ruth Standish Creaser, Bernice R Sunfield Dibble, Victor Albion Easton, Hazel Piano, III. Field, Paul... Flint Gillett, Myron Albion Griffith. Vera Hillsdale Hickock, Arthur Litchfield Hodges, Samuel Albion Marshall, Emogene Mason Martin, Morris Albion McKone, Donald ......Albion McKone, Ross Albion Moore, Mildred..... ...Grand Rapids Nowlin, Warren... ........Albion Ramsay, Mary .Nessen City Rouse, Glenn Jonesville Swan, Carlos Luis ...El Melon, Chili Singer, Clarence Hillsdale Trine, Dayton Albion THEORY Sight Singing, Public School Methods and Art of Conducting. Atkinson, Vern Marlette Barr, Flossie Albion Beckton, Gladys Brown City YE AR BOOK 121 Bonney, Cecil East Tawas Boyce, Rebecca Middleville Boyle, Ethel Butler, Ind. Iramsted, Mae Batavia, N. Y. Burt, Nellie..... Lake Odessa Chamberlain, Ruth Standish Dillion, Irma East Tawas Easton, Hazel Piano, 111. Eveland, Augusta Mayville Fairbanks, Lulu Muskegon Farley, George Battle Creek Fisher, Lois Three Oaks Fitchett, Myron Caseville Ford, Ethel Albion Gambee, Norine Albion Gibbs, Mildred Albion Griffin, Marjorie Albion Hamma, Sarah Union City Hatch, Irene Horton Hathaway, Vera Ovid Heckert, Lena Jasper Hess, Lucile Napoleon Hoffman, Flossie Quincy Houghton, Etta Nashville Hudnutt, Pearl Middleport, N. Y. Hyde, Claude Albion Keene, Pearl —  .. Grand Rapids Kilby, Margaret Marshall King, Louise Homer Langworthy, Ina Albion Lowe, Gladys Ovid Lyon, Avis „ Albion Marker, Iva Edenville Marshall, L. Emogene Mason Martin, Lydia Lennon Metz, Louise Albion Mills, Lois Frazie Albion Newell, Vera Highland Oakes, Ora Albion Palmer, William Cedar Parsons, Florence St Clair Pendill, Ruth Marshall 122 ALBION COLLEGE Powrie, Emily St. Clair Ramsay, Mary Nessen City Reynolds, Mabel Laurium Rish, Edith ._ Albion Robertson, Ruth Detroit Rosacrans, Marion Tecumseh Rose, J. Emerson Sparta Schenck, Lucile Cass City Seelye, Bertha Saginaw Seelye, Erma Saginaw Sheehan, Edna Grand Rapids Shoupe, Lulu Reese Smith, Genevieve Albion Smith, MabeL... Ithaca Stephenson, Byrd Muskegon Stewart, Elizabeth Clyde, Ohio Stewart, Mildred Bradentown Teeple, Florence Deckerville Trebilcock, Myrtle Gwinn Trese, Aletta Bay City Vernor, Dudleigh Detroit Wartman, Eunice Albion Wells, Susie North Adams White, Ethelyn Lowell Williams, Orpha Reading Wilson, Coral Albion Wilson, Florence Marlette Wright, Etta Albion Wheatley, Benjamin Gladwin flRT DEPARTMENT FIRST YEAR NORMAL ART. Aldrich, Maud Reed, Roberta Dillon, Irma Rish, Edith Fisher, Lois Shoupe, Lulu Hamma, Sarah Smith, Mabel Lowe, Gladys Stone, Elsie Marker, Iva Trebilcock, Myrtle Metz, Louise White, Ethelyne YEAR BOOK 12S SECOND YEAR ART. Desmond, Martha Schenck, Lucile Keen, Pearl Shoupe, Lulu Parsons, Florence Smith, Mabel Powrie, Emily Wilson, Florence Ramsay, Mary Wright, Etta SPECIAL ART CLASS. Aldrich, Maud Powrie, Emily Broxholm, Mrs. John Ramsay, Mary Dillon, Irma Reed, Roberta Fox, Guy Sackett, Alta Gress, Margarate Smith, Mabel Keefer, Karl Stone, Elsie Laberteaux, Irene Sturtevant, Rhoda Newell, Vera Wilson, Florence Wright, Etta SCHOOL OF BUSINESS BUSINESS MAN ' S COURSE. Baker, Earl LaPorte Blanchard, George A „..Sand Lake Boysen, Will Port Clinton, Ohio Culver, Lillard Albion Rood, Paul Albion TEACHER ' S COURSE. Benge, Lea Quincy Black, Clara Albion Brazee, John Hudson Carmichael, Arleen Hudson Moore, Gladys Hanover Morse, Mrs. Pearl Albion Rish, Laversia Concord BUSINESS COURSE. McQueen, Will Concord Renigar, Harold Marshall Taylor, Bert St. Ignace 124 ALBION COJJJBOm SHORTHAND COURSE. Brunk, Marie Niles Carpenter, Wava Albion Collier, Marjorie Springport Edick, Mrs. E Albion Fall, Mark Albion Foskett, Gretchen Albion Gilbert, Lloyd Albion Gale, Hazel Albion Gorball, Edith Albion Cress, Margarate Albion Neal, Marie Albion Nivison, Earl Montgomery Palmer, Minerva Cedar Ouackenbush, Mabel Albion Stout, Jessie Marshall Thompson, Dean Albion Thompson, H. O Reese Wildey, Gena Burlington COMBINED COURSE. Barnard, Rae Mancelona Behling, Emma Albion Brazee, Paul Detroit Clark, E. O Albion Cook, Arthur Gobleville Cronk, Ethel Albion Hamma, Byron Albion Huntley, Royal Grand Rapids Juhl, Walter Hartford McCuaig, Finlay Alpena Mackey, Ruth Springport Moore, Edward Girard Mosher, Floyd C Bellaire Pugh, Edith Albion Smith, Carl Albion Stacey, Roy North Branch Strohmer, Mary Albion Swan, Carlos Chile, S. A. Wakelin, Harriet Albion Young, Carlton Albion YEAH BOOK 126 SPECIAL STUDENTS. Adams, Merrill , Calumet Benham, Rollo Albion Buchanan, Edna Reading Bushaw, W. A. B Reese Chiison, Delane — Sparta Dickie, Brockway Albion Emmons, Owen Albion Hyde, Claude Albion Huckle, Arthur St Clair Lane, Lynford Albion Lutes, Hanley J Adair Luce, George Napoleon Lacey, Minty —Hart McCredie, Darwin „ Roscommon Nearraburg, Harry Albion Scipp, Oral -Okeraos Snow, Sam Ludington Sproat, Howard ...Grand Rapids Willits, Gertrude ... Albion Talbot, Joseph .... .« -.. Rockriew Stow, Spacer , ...,. Calgary, Alb«n SUMMARY OF STUDENTS COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS. Graduate Students 6 Seniors _.. 44 Juniors : 50 Sophomores 77 Freshmen ....129 Special : 1—307 SUB-COLLEGIATE AND UNCLASSIFIED. In the several courses 61 CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC. Piano 69 Voice ... ,.... 61 Organ 11 Orchestral Department 22 Theory 74-237 ART. In all classes ...., 30 SCHOOL OF 3USINESS. In all courses. 74 Total students, none counted twice -.... 512
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