Albion College - Albionian Yearbook (Albion, MI)

Text from Pages 1 - 140 of the 1909 volume:

c Til UWKM of mi _ Vol. VI Albion College Bulletin No. I ALBION COLLEGE YEAR BOOK 1909-1910 COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC SCHOOL OF ART SCHOOL OF ORATORY NORMAL COURSE PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT Entered March 8, 1905, at Albion, Mich., as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of July 16, 1904. Published at least four times per year. ALL graduates and for- mer students of Albion College are requested to in- form the President of the College of any change in address or occupation, or of any event of especial interest to the institution or their former classmates. YEAR BOOK of ALBION COLLEGE For 1909-1910 WITH ANNOUNCEMENTS FOR 1910-1911 PUBLISHED BY ALBION COLLEGE ALBION, MICHIGAN =: NINETEEN HUNDRED TEN PUBLISHED BY ALBION COLLEGE THE RECORDER PRESS CO., Albion, Michigan. TABLE OF CONTENTS Advanced Credit 74 Ancient Languages 26 Announcements 4 Appointment Committee 101 Art Department 88 Astronomy 41 Attendance 102 Biology 48 Business Department 91 Business Man ' s College Course 96 Candidates for Graduation 108 Chapel Service 103 Character of the School 13 Chemistry 43 Christian Associations , 104 Church Attendance 103 Closing Examinations 102 College of Liberal Arts 19 College Work 56 Co-operative Association 105 Conservatory of Music 82 Diplomas 61 English 32 Enrollment and Work of Class Officers 61 Expenses 99 Geology 49 Graduation 60 Grounds and Buildings 10 Grouping of Elective Work 20 History 9 History, Politics and Economics 35 Honor List 107 Intercollegiate Debates 64 Library 14 List of Students Ill Location 10 Mathematics 39 Modern Languages 28 Officers of Instruction and Government 7 Oratorical Committee 104 Pedagogy 51 Philosophy 50 Photography 49 Physical Education 54 Physics 42 Preparatory School 66 Prizes 62 Provisions for the Study of Astronomy 14 Provisions for the Study of Biology 15 Provisions for the Study of Chemistry 17 Provisions for the Study of Physics 16 Public Speaking 34 Reading Room 14 Requirements for Admission .  71 Schedule of Recitations 22 Scholarships 63 Societies 103 Standing Committees and Visitors 6 Summary of St udents 131 The College Corporation and Endowment Fund Com... 5 The Employment Committee 101 The English Bible 52 CALENDAR COMMENCEMENT WEEK, 1910. June 12 — Commencement Sunday. June 13 — Conservatory Concert, 8 p. m. June 14 — Class Day Exercises, 10:00 a. m. and 2:00 p. m. Meeting Board of Trustees, 10:00 a. m., Meeting Alumni Association, 2:00 p. m. Open Air Concert, 7:00 p. m. Alumni Address, 8 p. m. June 15 — Commencement Day, Address 10:00 a. m. Commencement Dinner, 12:30 p. m. OPENING OF THE COLLEGE YEAR IN ALL DEPARTMENTS. First Semester, 1910. Sept. 20 — Examination of Candidates for Admission; Presentation of Certificates from Approved Schools; Special Examinations, 9:00 a. m. Sept. 21 — Enrollment Day, Commencing 9:00 a m. Sept. 22 — First Chapel Exercises, 9:00 a. m. Nov. 24 — Thanksgiving Day. Recess includes Friday. Dec. 20 — Meeting of Board of Trustees, 2:00 p. m. Dec. 23 to Jan. 2, inclusive, Holiday recess. Jan. 2 6 — Day of Prayer for Colleges. Feb. 3 — Semester Ends. Second Semester. Feb. 4 — Entrance and Special Examinations, 9:00 a. m. Feb. 6 — Enrollment Day, 8:00 a. m. Feb. 7 — Recitations begin. Feb. 22 — Washington ' s Birthday. Mar. 24 (noon) to April 3, inclusive, Spring recess. June 14 — Commencement Day. June 15 — Examinations Begin. June 2 — Semester Ends. THE COLLEGE CORPORATION President, CHARLES M. RANGER. Vice-President, WILLIAM DAWE. Second Vice-President, EDWIN N. PARSONS. Treasurer, EUGENE P. ROBERTSON. Secretary, SAMUEL DICKIE. Secretary of Education, D. D. MARTIN. TRUSTEES. SAMUEL DICKIE, Ex-officio. Elected by Detroit Conference, Rev. William Dawe Ann Arbor 1910 James H. Simpson Detroit 1910 Rev. C. W. Baldwin Detroit . , 1911 Durand W. Springer Detroit 1911 Rev. E. A. Elliott Bay City 1912 D. M. Christian Owosso 1912 Elected by Michigan Conference, Rev. John Graham Grand Rapids 1910 E. J. Phelps Kalamazoo 1910 Edwin N. Parsons Albion 1911 Rev. Hugh Kennedy Battle Creek 1911 Rev. D. D. Martin Albion 1912 M. L. Cook Hastings 1912 Elected by Alumni Society, Charles M. Ranger Battle Creek 1910 A. E. Hagle Albion 1911 Rolland Parmeter Detroit 1912 Rev. Luther Lovejoy Pontiac 1912 ENDOWMENT FUND COMMITTEE. Samuel Dickie, Chairman and Treasurer Albion William H. Brace Detroit Hon. Clement Smith Hastings STANDING COMMITTEES. Executive and Auditing Committee — C. M. Ranger, William Dawe, E. N. Parsons, Samuel Dickie, D. D. Mar- tin. Finance Committee — E. J. Phelps, J. H. Simpson, D. W. Springer, E. A. Elliott, M. L. Cook, D. M. Christian. Committee on Faculty — C. W. Baldwin, Samuel Dickie, Hugh Kennedy, A. E. Hagle, John Graham, Luther Lovejoy. Committee on Rules and Regulations — J. H. Simp- son, E. A. Elliott, R. L. Parmeter, M. L. Cook, D. M. Christian. Committee on Library and Apparatus — John Graham, C. W. Baldwin, A. E. Hagle, E. J. Phelps, D. W. Springer, R. L. Parmeter. Committee on Buildings and Grounds — E. N. Parsons, Samuel Dickie, D. D. Martin, Hugh Kennedy, Luther Lovejoy. OFFICIAL VISITORS. Appointed by Detroit Conference. Rev. A. A. Lancaster St. Louis, Mo. Rev. H. D. Dietz Detroit Appointed by Michigan Conference. Rev. M. E. Hoyt Glenn Rev. J. H. Wilcox Grand Ledge OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION AND GOVERNMENT SAMUEL DICKIE, M. S., LL. D., President. MRS. HELEN KNAPPEN-SCRIPPS, A. M„ Dean of Women. FREDERICK LUTZ, A. M., Secretary. HARLAN J. COZINE, Director of Conservatory. GEORGE L. GRISWOLD, Principal of Commercial Department. SAMUEL DICKIE, M. S., LL. D., John Owen Professor of Philosophy. DELOS FALL, Sc. D., LL. D., David Preston Professor of Chemistry. FREDERICK LUTZ, A. M., Professor of Modern Lan- guages. CHARLES ELISHA BARR, A. M., Professor of Geology and Biology. FREDERIC SAMUEL GOODRICH, A. M., D. D., Alumni Professor of the English Bible, Acting Professor of Greek Language and Literature. MRS. HELEN KNAPPEN-SCRIPPS, A. M., Dean of Women, Instructor in English Literature. FREDERIC COE DEMOREST, A. M., D. D., Professor of Latin. CHARLES HENRY WOOLBERT, A. M., Professor of English and Oratory ( W. Scott Brown Chair of Belles Lettres). 8 ALBION COLLEGE CLARENCE WILSON GREENE, B. Pd., A. M., Professor of Physics. FRANK TRACY CARLTON, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of Economics and Acting Henry M. Loud Professor of History. E. ROSCOE SLEIGHT, A. M., W. H. Brockway Professor of Mathematics, Acting Ezra Bostwick Professor of Astronomy. JOHN ZEDLER, A. M., Associate Professor of Modern Languages. FRANK W. DOUGLAS, A. M., Assistant Professor of Chemistry. ELEANOR T. AVANN, A. M., Instructor in Greek. CHARLES ALBERT LANGWORTHY, A. B., Instructor in English. ARTHUR E. RAY, A. B., Instructor in Mathematics and Mechanical Drawing. HARLAN J. COZINE, Director of Conservatory, Instruct- or in Voice and the Art of Singing. WILLIAM S. COLUMBUS, Instructor in Piano. EZRA HAROLD GEER, Instructor in Organ and Theory. JOHN B. MARTIN, Instructor in Violin and Orchestral Instruments. GRACE AUSTIN, Instructor in Piano. ETHEL ANNA WESBROOK, Instructor in Voice. GEORGE L. GRISWOLD, Principal of Commercial De- partment. NANNIE LANDON, Teacher of Shorthand and Typewrit- ing. SARAH ESTELLA WOOLSEY, Instructor in Art. WALTER S. KENNEDY, Athletic Director. ESTHER H. AUTEN, A. B., Director of Physical Educa- tion for Women. ROSA BALL, B. S., Librarian. JENNIE COLUMBUS, President ' s Secretary. HISTORY In the year 1833, Rev. Henry Colclazer, Rev. Elijah H. Pilcher and Benjamin H. Packard, M. D., resolved to inaugurate a movement for the establishment of an acad- emy of higher learning in Michigan. Spring Arbor was chosen as a location, and in the spring of 1835 the Legislature granted a charter under the corporate name of Spring Arbor Seminary, locat- ing the institution on the site of an old Indian village, in the town of Spring Arbor. In the spring of 1839 the charter was amended, locating the school at Albion and reconstructing the Board of Trustees. In November of 1843, the first building was completed and opened for the reception of students. Rev. Charles F. Stockwell, A. M., a graduate of Middletown University, was appointed principal. In 1849, the charter was amended by the creation of a Female College, so that the corporate name became Wesleyan Seminary and Female Collegiate Institute. The institution was empowered to grant degrees to wom- en only. In 1861, the original charter was still further amend- ed, authorizing the institution to confer degrees on both men and women, the corporate name becoming Albion College. The management of the institution is vested in a Board of Trustees, consisting of sixteen persons, six elected by the Detroit Conference of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, six by the Michigan Conference, and four by the Society of Alumni. The President of the College is associated as a member ex-offcio. A special board or committee, as custodian of the En- dowment Fund, was created by act of the Legislature in 1865. LOCATION Albion is a thriving city of 6,000 inhabitants, situated in the central portion of the Lower Peninsula of Michi- gan. The postal, telegraph and telephone facilities are equal to those of the larger cities in the state. Albion is on the main line of the Michigan Central Railroad, 95 miles west of Detroit. The Lansing division of the Lake Shore Michigan Southern crosses the Michigan Central at this place, providing direct connection with the main line of the Lake Shore on the south, and at the north with the Grand Rapids division of the Michigan Central, the Pere Marquette, the Grand Trunk and other lines. The Jackson Battle Creek Electric line passes through Al- bion, giving us hourly communication with points east and west. GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS The college campus contains eighteen acres. The old Central Building, through the generosity of George O. Robinson, LL. D., of Detroit, has been thoroughly reno- vated and enlarged so that it is in every respect an up- to-date building and now bears the name Robinson Hall. The entire interior of the old building has been recon- structed and an addition four stories in height has been built on the east side of the old building. This addition is 45 by 60 feet and is devoted to the Biological Depart- ment, containing Biological and Botanical Laboratories, together with work rooms and store rooms. The north building, situated just north of the fore- YEAR BOOK 1 1 going, is 80 feet long, 50 feet wide and three stories in height. It contains four lecture rooms, quarters for the Commercial School, the Art Studio and two Literary So- cieties. The Chapel Building stands directly south of the Cen- tral Building, and is three stories high, 80 feet long and 50 feet wide. The second and third stories are wholly devoted to chapel purposes. The first story is devoted to the work of the Conservatory of Music and the Secretary ' s office. The Astronomical Observatory was erected in 1883, is two stories high, with a round tower which rises to three stories and is surmounted by a dome. On the lower floor are the lecture rooms of the departments of Astronomy and Mathematics and the pier-room, through which pass the brick supports for the fixed instruments. On the sec- ond floor are the transit room, containing the Transit Circle, Clock and Chronograph, a computing room, a room for portable instruments, and a room containing the Astronomical and Meteorological Library. In the round tower is placed the Equatorial. The gymnasium was completed in 1892. The first story is of field stone; above this the building consists of a heavy frame inclosed with brick. The building has a frontage of 54 feet, and is 92 feet in depth, surmounted with a gothic roof to provide sufficient height. The McMillan Chemical Laboratory was erected in 1893, the gift of Hon. James McMillan, of Detroit. It is a substantial and modern building, three stories in height above the basement. The basement contains the Portland cement labora- tory, the assaying room, the mineralogical collections and the furnace room. In the first story, which is 13 feet high, there is the organic laboratory, 27x30 feet, containing tables for 24 students, with 29 feet of hoods, also wall tables, cases for chemicals, etc. Adjacent to this are the quantitative lab- oratory, 22x30 feet, tables for 20 students, hoods, wall 12 ALBION COLLEGE tables, etc., a combustion room, 10x17 feet, and dispens- ing room, 10x21. On the other side of the hall is the instructor ' s study. Off this is a private laboratory, with large table, hoods, wall tables, etc. The balance room, 9x11, and a research room, 15x30 feet, complete the equipment of this floor. The second story is also 13 feet high and contains the qualitative laboratory, 40x49 feet, with tables for 80 stu- dents, with seven hoods, wall tables, cases, etc. The lec- ture room, also on this floor, 30x37 feet, will accommo- date 82 students, the seating being arranged in rising tiers of chairs. The third story is 10 feet high and contains the labo- ratory of Physics, and also the collections of Paleontology and Lithology. Mrs. Charlotte T. Gassette, of Albion, has erected a beautiful and commodious building in memory of her deceased daughter, Miss Lottie L. Gassette. The building is designated Lottie L. Gassette Memorial Library and is both an ornamental and useful addition to our facil- ities. Four Fraternity Halls have been erected on the east portion of the college grounds, the institution having granted leases of sites for a period of years. The Winter-Lau Athletic Field, less than two blocks from the College, presents one of the best equipped ath- letic fields in the West. CHARACTER OF THE SCHOOL The institution is a college of Liberal Arts. It is not a theological school. There are a few Biblical studies, but no chair of theology. There are no theological tests and no religious exactions beyond regular attendance at chapel exercises during school days and attendance at church on the Sabbath, giving the students their choice of place of worship. LIBRARIES, LABORATORIES AND OBSERVATORY LIBRARIES. The Library Building, the gift of Mrs. Charlotte T. Gassette, of Albion, Michigan, is a substantial new brick structure, well equipped, well heated, well lighted, con- taining 18,500 volumes, besides unbound volumes and pamphlets. The Reading Room, ample and attractive, is abun- dantly supplied with encyclopedia, dictionaries, lexicons, and general works of reference, together with such books as are temporarily assigned by members of the Faculty for reference work and collateral reading. A generous supply of papers and leading magazines of the day is pro- vided. The contents of periodicals are made available by the use of Poole ' s Index and its supplements and the Reader ' s Guide to Periodical Literature. The Dewey system of classification is used and a new- card catalogue makes the books easily accessible. Free access to the shelves is allowed, and in addition to their use in the Library building, books, with some restrictions, may be drawn for home use. The Library is open on school days from 8:00 a. m. to 12:00 m.; from 2:00 p. m. to 5:30 p. m., and three even- ings in the week from 6:30 to 8:30; Saturday from 8:00 a. m. to 12:00 m. PROVISIONS FOR THE STUDY OF ASTRONOMY. In Astronomy, the facilities offered by the College are excellent. The equipment is fully adequate for purposes of in- struction or research. The Equatorial Telescope is of eight inches clear aperture, made and mounted by Alvan Clark Sons. It is provided with circles, coarse and fine, driving clock, filar micrometer, with field and side YEAR BOOK 15 illumination, and eye pieces giving range from a low- power comet-seeker to eight hundred diameters. The Transit Circle, by Fauth Co., is of a four-inch aperture and is provided with micrometers in right ascension and declination, levels sensitive to one second of arc and verti- cle circles reading to single seconds by micrometer micro- scopes. The Sidereal Clock and Chronograph are by the same makers. , All of the instruments are in electrical connection. PROVISIONS FOR THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY. The Biological Department occupies the new Biologi- cal Laboratory, erected as an addition to Robinson Hall. This addition is 45 by 60 feet, three stories high, above the basement. It contains large laboratories for the classes in Zoology and Botany, accommodating respective- ly 60 and 40 students. Besides the large windows at the end of each table there are electric lights and gas arc lights that afford ample illumination for evenings or dark days. There are commodious lecture rooms adjoining each. Besides these laboratories there are smaller labo- ratories for more advanced classes, with the same lighting arrangements as in the larger laboratories, as described above. Store rooms and supply rooms, with a large room for a working Botanical Museum occupy the remainder of the space on the lower three floors. On the upper floor are rooms for Museum workshops, with a suite of three rooms which are fully equipped for photographic pur- poses. The Biological Department is well supplied with such apparatus as is needed for its work, including over sixty compound microscopes, rocking, sliding and rotary micro- tomes, incubator, aquaria, embedding apparatus and a collection of several thousand mounted slides. The Botanical Working Museum is especially designed to con- tribute to the work in Ecology. It already contains over one thousand species in the herbarium, nearly all from this locality, and many of them represented in numerous 16 ALBION COLLEGE specimens which show the plant in immature and winter condition, as well as in flower, etc. There is also a large number specimens of seeds, woods, barks, fibers, medici- nal and commercial products. It is designed to make this collection as completely representative of local plant life and plant products as possible. The Zoological Lecture Room is so arranged as to be speedily darkened and is provided with a stereopticon; and while there is an ample supply of lantern slides on hand for purposes of instruction, others are being con- tinually added as occasion demands. The photographic equipment of the laboratory is such as to highly facilitate the rapid increase of this collection. All the laboratories have individual private lockers, each with its own combination lock, and water and gas connections are liberally provided throughout. The supply of material for study and dissection is large and is ample in amount and range of species for both elementary and advanced study. It is constantly enriched through purchase as well as by the collections made by the department and friends of the College. The study and private laboratory of the professor in charge is on the first floor, adjacent to the Zoological Laboratory, where he may be constantly consulted by those having need of his assistance. The department acknowledges, gratefully, the gift from Mr. E. E. Sherff, class of 1907, of collections of plants illustrating desert conditions. PROVISIONS FOR THE STUDY OF PHYSICS. The laboratory work in the department of Physics has been greatly strengthened during the past few years by the acquisition of a considerable amount of modern phy- sical apparatus. Among the instruments now available for class illustration and laboratory work are the follow- ing: Vernier calipers, micrometer gauges, microscopes, telescopes, spherometers, Jolly ' s balance, Hawkes-At- wood ' s machine, Toepler-Voss self-charging electrical ma- YEAR BOOK 17 chine, diffraction grating, optical bench with accessories, photometric apparatus, Geneva spectrometer, highly pol- ished prisms, laboratory clock with sweep second hand, bending apparatus with telephone attachment, Boyle ' s law apparatus, Mohr ' s specific gravity balance, laboratory recorder for vibrations of tuning forks, simple pendulum apparatus with sounder for time work, pyknometers, moment o,f inertia apparatus, Kundt ' s apparatus for veloc- ity of sound in metals, specific heat apparatus, heat of vaporization apparatus, micrometer cathetometer, rheo- stats, commutators, electric motors, turning lathe with tools, torsional apparatus, linear expansion apparatus, batteries of various kinds, Rhumkorff induction coil, re- sistance boxes, Weston voltmeters, Weston ammeters, wireless telegraph outfit, single valued and subdivided multiple condensers, direct reading D ' Arsonval galvanom- eter, tangent galvanometer, Rowland D ' Arsonval reflecting galvanometers with telescopes and scales, astatic galva- nometer, earth inductor, ballistic galvanometer, new Woulff polentiometer, Clark, Carhart-Clark, and Cad- mium standard cells, ballistic pendulum, constant volume air thermometer, air pump with accessories, barometers, Melde ' s apparatus, Young ' s modulus apparatus with opti- cal lever attachment, dilatometers, vapor pressure appa- ratus, melting point and heat of fusion apparatus, stand- ard thermometers, voltameter, surface tension apparatus, simple rigidity apparatus, thermopile, and other measur- ing instruments. PROVISIONS FOR THE STUDY OP CHEMISTRY. The department occupies the spacious McMillan Chem- ical Laboratory with ample space for its lecture rooms and laboratories and every convenience is provided for both the instructors and students pursuing general or special courses. There are eight separate working laboratories all fully supplied with apparatus and chemicals and equipped with gas, water, ventilating hoods, desks and lockers for each 18 ALBION COLLEGE student. These are located on the first and second floors and the basement. The chemical lecture room on the second floor has seating for eighty students and is thoroughly furnished with a large demonstration lecture table containing pneu- matic cistern, oxygen tanks, exhaust, gas, water, sinks, battery, with ventilating hood in rear. Each floor is provided with a capacious dispensing room where chemicals and apparatus are stored to be issued to the student as required. The General and Qualitative Chemical Laboratory on the second floor is equipped with ninety working tables, each having a sink, hood, water faucets, gas, reagent bot- tles. From the adjacent dispensing room may be obtained all chemicals or apparatus required in their work. The advanced courses are conducted on the first floor and in the basement where are located laboratories for Quantitative, Organic and Technical Chemistry. Every facility is afforded for thorough work. Attached to, the laboratories on the second floor is a thoroughly equipped weighing room containing accurate balances, specific gravity apparatus, etc. In the basement is located the Laboratory for Port- land Cement and Assaying, providing all the necessary apparatus for the physical testing of cement and the as- saying of ores. Here are crucible and muffle furnaces, both coal and gas, for the fire assay of ores and also crushing, pulverizing and sampling apparatus, tensile strength machines, specific gravity apparatus and all the regular equipment used in the practical handling of cements and ores. A complete laboratory for Gas Analysis, with special reference to its application in the manufacture of illum- inating gas, has been installed. In the private laboratory of the instructor there is constantly carried on outside work in the examination of raw materials for ma nufacturing purposes, such as clays, marls, peat, coal, gold and silver ores, iron and steel, sanitary and mineral waters. COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT In harmony with the progressive movement of educa- tional affairs, Albion College will confer the degree of Bachelor of Arts upon all persons who come to us with suitable preparation and who complete in a satisfactory- manner a sufficient number of courses to credit them with 120 hours of collegiate work, subject to such limitations of selection as are set forth under the heading Grouping of elective work. An hour of college work is understood to mean one hour of recitation or lecture work per week through one semester. Graduates of accredited high schools will be admitted to our Collegiate department without examination, and, in addition to our required work in English, will be per- mitted to enter any of our courses for which they are fitted, due regard being had to the necessary sequence of courses. Each Professor, in his own department, will prescribe the order in which his courses must be taken. Students of collegiate rank who fail in any study be- cause of inadequate preparation will be allowed to make up their preparatory work in our Academic department, but such work will not be counted to their credit upon collegiate courses. More detailed information concerning entrance re- quirements will be found on page 71. GROUPING OF ELECTIVE WORK While the Faculty of Albion College approve the elective system, it has seemed wise to somewhat restrict elections until the student has come fully in touch with his surroundings and has gained some maturity of mind. Freshmen and Sophomores are therefore required to make their election according to the following plan: English I — Three hours throughout the year. Re- quired of all Freshmen. English II — Two hours throughout the year. Re- quired of all Sophomores. English Bible — Two hours throughout one year. Re- quired for graduation. FRESHMEN. Each group (A and B) must be represented in the schedule of every Freshman. Group A — Group B — Latin Mathematics Greek Physics French Chemistry German Biology I. Botany After having satisfied the requirements of groups A and B, Freshmen are restricted in their elections to the remaining subjects of groups A and B and to the follow- ing courses: Gospel History, Apostolic Church, Hebrew, Biblical Seminar, Forensics, Oratory, English Literature, European History, History of Civilization, American Gov- ernment, Mechanical Drawing, Descriptive Astronomy. YEAR BOOK 21 SOPHOMORES. At least three hours from each group (A and B) must be represented in the schedule of every Sophomore. Group A — Group B — Latin Mathematics Greek Botany- French Biology I. German Advanced Zoology Literature Physics Prose Masterpieces Chemistry Economics Logic After having satisfied the requirements of groups A and B, Sophomores are restricted in their elections to the remaining subjects of groups A and B and to the follow- ing courses: Gospel History, Apostolic Church, Hebrew, Biblical Seminar, Forensics, Oratory, European History, History of Civilization, American Government, Mechani- cal Drawing, Descriptive Astronomy, Descriptive Geome- try, Old Testament History, English III, American His- tory, English History, Practical Sociology, Surveying, General Astronomy, Ethics. Schedule of Recitations For 1910-1911 Figures refer to the days of the week 1 Monday 2 Tuesday 3 Wednesday 4 Thursday 5 Friday M K A O- - bC H G33 0 M w io II 58 Oeo COlC 3- 5 N Si .CO 3 K o 28 0 f5 b0 N , o . 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IV 1 Oratory I 2, 4 p © P P O CD CD Anabasis 2, 3, 4, 5 Attic Orators 2, 3, 4, 5 o CM O 8 M  J CO Vi Cj CO -rH l-J P StK • S hrt n cd P.CM r CM P-i-H 3 C T h ' CO tn CO ) o b o m to- s°i . CM p - cp o d 5 g«5 co O - o3 M hJ 9 sois qd ' uoo o3 CD w CO O «M(N en • O 5 - 5 r co o cm CD 3 Eh P-H CD a CPlO f ' 8 ' S ' I - •-! CD Sh fn P oco siuaraao . Org. A 2 hrs 3d Anal 3 hrs n and S alysis 3 ctrol. 3 rmal Ch 2 hrs fleC c3 f ' 8 ' 2 ' I O . •uvitreno-Apv S o pa o ri «M CO CO P O -• - g M O 3X3 ?S i3 2 O 3C. Ge 2 hrs eory ter 3 vAn3 chDi 2 hrs n. As 3 hrs n o5 flcj-oflJ « 2 Q HQ iS O — 1 CO O bfco P . Oratory 2, 4 Forensi 1. 3, 5 o3 N o — 1 HilO cW CO p © — French 1, 2, 3, German 1, 2, 3, 4 3o3 P go lO 03 1 ,s« ft ? o fl fl 2 +3 T «-3 o3 . co XJ CM O _ JhCM X3 S3 s5 CM !% §p -s « c  . 03 P- W 53 M c g 3 poSufcUV CM CO aq o sinoH DEPARTMENTS OF INSTRUCTION ANCIENT LANGUAGES. LATIN. Course I. — Three hours per week throughout the year. Roman Social and Political Life. This course will consider the social and political side of Roman Civiliza- tion. It will include selected readings from Roman his- torians and supplementary studies in history, geography, religion, and in the private and public life of the people. First Semester. — Cicero ' s DeAmicitia and DeSenectute and readings in the legendary history of Rome from Livy. Second Semester. — Readings in the more authentic history of Rome from Livy and Tacitus. Course II. — One hour per week throughout the year. Required of all students who take Course I. First Semester. — Roman Social Life. Second Semester. — Roman Public Life. Course III. — Three hours per week throughout the year. Roman Art and Artistic Literature. This course will consider the aesthetic side of Roman civilization. It will include readings from the Roman poets and studies in Roman Art. First Semester. — Lyric Poetry, Horace, Catullus and Virgil. Second Semester. — The Drama, Plautus, Terence and Seneca; Elegiac Poetry, Ovid, Tibullus, Propertius. Course IV. — One hour per week throughout the year. Required of all students who take Course III. First Semester. — Studies in Acient Religion and My- thology. Second Semester. — Ancient Art. YEAR BOOK 27 Course V. — Three hours per week throughout the year. Roman Satirical and Philosophical Literature. This course will consider the philosophical or reflective side of Roman civilization. The ethical schools of the Romans will be studied in relation to Greek Philosophy on the one hand and to Roman Religion on the other. First Semester. — Eclecticism, Cicero, Horace, Juvenal. Second Semester. — Epicureanism, Lucretius; and Stoicism, Seneca. Course VI. — Two hours per week throughout the year. Advanced Latin Grammar. First Semester. — Moods and Tenses. Second Semester. — Accidence and Syntax. Course VII. — Two hours per week throughout the year. The Pedagogy of Latin Teaching. A study of prin- ciples and methods, intended especially for students who expect to teach Latin. This will include advanced work in Latin Composition, illustrative of principles, sight reading from Caesar, Cicero, Nepos, Livy, Virgil, and drill in practical teaching. GREEK. Courses are continuous throughout the year, unless otherwise specified. Course I. — Four hours per week. A. — Odyssey. B. — The Greek Historians. Course II. — Four hours. A. — Attic Orators. B. — Attic Drama. Course III. — Three hours. A. — Plato. B. — Greek Epigraphy. A study of early Greek alpha- bets and inscriptions. Course IV. — Two hours. A. — Pausanias. Collateral reading upon the topogra- phy, monuments and mythology of Ancient Athens. B. — Neo-Hellenic. An introduction to the study of 28 ALBION COLLEGE Modern Greek, the course being based upon Thumb ' s Handbuch der neugriechischen Volkssprache. Course V. — Seminar. Special facilities are offered for students desiring to do advanced or graduate work. Courses will be arranged to meet the requirements of indiv idual students. MODERN LANGUAGES. GERMAN AND GERMAN LITERATURE. Course I. — Five hours per week throughout the year. Reading. — Spanhoofd ' s Reader serves as the basis for the year ' s work. Construction. — Spanhoofd ' s Lehrbuch der deutschen Sprache is used for drill and home work. Writing. — A well arranged series of copy-books is used. Weekly dictation to test the student in ability to write correctly and to express himself readily in German. Conversation. — German conversation is had from the beginning, and German is used increasingly in the class- room as the student advances. Course II. — Five hours per week throughout the year. Reading. — Lutz ' s German Reader is used during the year. Construction. — Review (topically) of the work of the first year. German composition. Conversation. — German is used in the class-room as far as the ability of the student will permit. Course III. — Four hours per week throughout the year. First Semester. — Deutsches Lesebuch fur Quarta und Tertia. Quiz on the geography, government and actual conditions of Germany. Study of syntax and free compo- sition. Second Semester. — Deutsches Lesebuch fur Secunda YEAR BOOK 29 und Prima. Quiz on the topic Germany continued. Study of syntax and free composition. Course IV. — Two hours per week throughout the year. Study of the German Drama. Its development from the earliest times. Dramatic Masterpieces, especial- ly those of the classic period, will be taken up. Note. — No one eligible to this course who has not had Course III or its equivalent. Course V. — Two hours per week throughout the year. First Semester. — Modern German Poetry. Lyrics and ballads. Second Semester. — Modern German Poetry. Epic poetry. Note. — No one eligible to this course, who has not had Course III or its equivalent. Course VI. — Two hours per week throughout the year. History of German Literature. Textbook work, lectures, collateral reading, discussion. This course is intended only for advanced students. Every one must first be approved by the instructor before enrolling in this class. Course VII. — Two hours per week throughout the year. German Conversation. — Im Vaterland serves as the basis for the year ' s work. Special attention is given to the idioms of the language. Reproduction, on the part of the student, of German stories, dictation, etc. Note. — Only students having had two years of Ger- man, and who are taking German at the time, will be per- mitted to enter the class. NORMAL WORK IN GERMAN. In order that every prospective teacher of German may have the opportunity to train professionally before going out into the active work of teaching, it has been decided to add this feature to the German Department. 30 ALBION COLLEGE Every student, desiring to avail himself of this op- portunity, is expected to take regular work in German while ' engaged in the Normal work. The Normal Course is intended to cover the Junior and Senior years of the college course. First Year. First Semester. — History of Education (see Peda- gogy). Credit three hours. Second Semester. — History of Modern Language Teaching. Elements of Phonetics. Analytical-inductive method of teaching German grammar. What and how to select for a reading course in German. Credit two hours. During the entire year the student is required to at- tend beginning language classes as observer. Second Year. First and Second Semesters. — Methods in German. The student is expected to attend the beginning class in German, assist in looking over and correcting written work as well as the work on the black-board for the pur- pose of personal preparation and teach a class of pupils of high school strength in the afternoon in the presence of the instructor. Discussion and criticism once a week. Credit two hours. FRENCH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. Course I. — Four hours per week throughout the year. First Semester. — Reading. Easy Prose. Construction. — Pronunciation; study of the parts of speech; conversation. Second Semester. — Reading of easy prose continued. Construction. — Grammar; French composition; Con- versation; The study of modern France. Course II. — Four hours per week throughout the year. First and Second Semesters. — Reading. Such books YEAR BOOK 31 as Sand ' s La Mare au Diable; Erckmann-Chatrian ' s Madame Therese, Le Consent; some easy French plays are read and interpreted in French. Construction. — Grammar; French composition. Conversation. — The study of France; its customs and institutions. Course III. — Four hours a week throughout the year. First and Second Semesters. — Duval ' s History of the French Literature will be taken up and studied with ap- propriate selections from French authors. The study of the history of French Grammar will also be begun. Course IV. — Two hours per week throughout the year. French Conversation. Baumann ' s Pictorial French Course and French Daily Life serve as the basis for the year ' s work. Special attention is given to the idioms of the language. Reproduction, on the part of the stu- dent, of French stories, dictation, etc. Note. — Only students having had at least one year of French, and who are taking French at the time, will be permitted to enter the class. NORMAL WORK IN FRENCH. In order that every prospective teacher of French may have the opportunity to train professionally before going into the active work of teaching, it has been decided to add this feature to the Department of Romance Lan- guages. Every student, desiring to avail himself of this op- portunity, is expected to take regular work in the depart- ment while engaged in the Normal work. The Normal Course is intended to cover the Junior and Senior years of the college course. First Year. First Semester. — History of Education (see Peda- gogy). Credit three hours. Second Semester. — History of Modern Language Teaching. Elements of Phonetics. Analytical-inductive 32 ALBION COLLEGE method of teaching French Grammar. What and how to select for a reading course in French. Credit two hours. During the entire year the student is required to at- tend beginning language classes as observer. Second Year. First and Second Semesters. — Methods in French. The student is expected to attend the beginning class in French, assist in looking over and correcting written work as well as the work on the black-board for the pur- pose of personal preparation and teach a class of pupils of high school strength in the afternoon in the presence of the instructor. Discussion and criticism once a week. Credit two hours. ENGLISH LANGUAGE. Course I. — The elements of logical composition. Three hours per week throughout the year. Required of all Freshmen. A study of the principles of Rhetoric, to- gether with practice in the construction of exposition and argumentative discourse. The work is divided equally into recitation from text, writing and criticism of standard examples of English prose. This class will be divided in- to three sections. Students deficient in the rudiments of composition will be required to do special work to make up the deficiency. Course II. — The elements of literary composition. Two hours per week throughout the year. Required of all Sophomores. The study and practice of persuasion, description and narration from the artistic standpoint. Reading and criticism of novels, short stories and lyric poetry. Course III. — A study of English prose style. Two hours per week throughout the year. An inductive in- vestigation of the Masterpieces of English prose from YEAR BOOK 33 Bacon to Emerson, supplemented by a study of the various theories of style. Course IV. — Writing. One hour a week throughout the year. This course is designed to furnish practice for those students who wish to develop the art of writing. No limit is placed on the range of subjects . Open only to those who have had two years of work in the depart- ment of English language. The instructor reserves the right to limit the number of this class at his discretion. Course V. — A course in debating. Three hours a week throughout the first semester. Weekly drill in speaking and in the drawing of briefs upon assigned topics. Open only to those who have completed Course I. ENGLISH LITERATURE. Course I. — Critical survey of English Literature. History of early English Literature, including a study of Childe ' s Boewulf. Study of Chaucer ' s Canterbury Tales, with collateral reading in Langland and Wyclif. Brief study of Gower, Lydgate, Occleve, Hawes, Skelton, the most popular mediaeval ballads and Tottel ' s Miscellany. Critical discussion of Malory ' s Morte d ' Arthur, More ' s Utopia, and Lyly ' s Euphues. Edmund Spencer. The rise and development of the drama, with a study of dramatic law and technique, from the time of the Miracle Play. Milton, Dryden, Pope and some of the lesser poets of the Jacobean, Caroline and Augustan periods. Bacon, Swift and Johnson. Course II. — Nineteenth Century Poetry. The Romantic Movement. Influence of the French Revolution and German Transcendental Philosophy. Wordsworth and Shelly. Keats and Byron. Browning and Tennyson. 34 ALBION COLLEGE Course III. — Nineteenth Century Prose. Jeffries, Hunt, Christopher North, Hazlitt, Lamb and Landor. Carlyle, Coleridge and Ruskin. DeQuincy, Arnold and Pater. Course IV. — Theories of Literary Criticism. Study of the principles laid down by Plato,, Aristotle, Addison, Les- sing and contemporary views as seen in Arnold, Robert- son, Moulton, etc. Principles of Criticism applied to the study of the Epic, Lyric and Drama; the Novel, Essay and Romance. Poetics. An investigation of the laws and art of versemaking. Course V. — Shakespeare. Careful reading of certain plays illustrating the development of his dramatic art. Course VI. — Development of the Novel. From Field- ing to Stevenson. Only part of the foregoing courses given in 1910-11. PUBLIC SPEAKING. Course I. — Elocution. Two hours per week through- out the year. First Semester. — The physical aspects of public speech. Drill in pronunciation, enunciation, variety, di- rectness, the development of vocal purity and of vocal energy. Second Semester. — The intellectual and emotional side of public speech. Daily drill on masterpieces of oratory, with the object of cultivating appreciativeness, poise, cojor, melody and mastery of an audience. Open to those who have had English I. Course II. — A study of great orators. Two hours a week throughout the year. Assigned readings are given from the works of the best British and American orators. Declamations, briefs, YEAR BOOK 35 discussions and original orations are required of each student. Shenter ' s The Rhetoric of Oratory is used as a text for the construction of orations. Open only to those who have had Oratory I. and Eng- lish I., or who have participated in any intercollegiate debate or oratorical contest. Course III. — Interpretive Reading. The class will analyze and interpret two plays of Shakespeare each semester. The plays will be chosen from the following list: Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, Julius Caesar, Twelfth Night, A Midsummer Night ' s Dream, As You Like It, The Taming of the Shrew, and Much Ado About Nothing. Open only to those who have had English I. and Ora- tory I. The Oratorical Association of Albion College each year sends representatives to four state oratorical contests: the Men ' s Intercollegiate State Contest, the Women ' s Intercollegiate State Contest, the State Peace Contest and the State Prohibition Contest. Each year the Association also conducts three intercollegiate debates. Students wishing to participate in any of these, are urged to take Oratory I. as early in their course as possible. HISTORY. Course I. — History of Europe. (Not given in 1910- 11.) From the dissolution of the Roman Empire to the beginning of the Twentieth Century. About one-third of the course will be devoted to the Eighteenth and Nine- teenth Centuries. Particular attention will be given to economic and social progress in the various European countries. First Semester. — Three hours. Second Semester. — Three hours. Text-books. Col- lateral reading. Lectures. Course II. — American History. Emphasis will be laid 36 ALBION COLLEGE upon the influence of geographic conditions in American history, the development of our constitutional system, the industrial progress of the nation, its tariff history, the anti-slavery agitation and the problems connected with the reconstruction. A. Second Semester. — Four hours. (Not given in 1910-11.) B. First Semester. — Four hours. C. Second Semester. — Three hours. Text-books. Lectures. Collateral reading. Reports. Course III. — English History. (Not given in 1910- 11.) Particular attention will be given to the constitu- tional and economic history of England. First Semester. — Four hours. Text-books. Lectures. Collateral reading. Reports. Course IV. — Methods in History. Course I. or Course II. is a prerequisite. Second Semester. — One hour. ECONOMICS. Course I. — Introductory. A prerequisite to all other courses in economics. A brief study of the fundamental laws of economic science and of the application of eco- nomic principles to practical problems. Among the topics considered will be value, capital, wages, interest, profit, rent, money and banking, labor laws, labor organizations, taxation and finance, socialism, transportation, monopoly, municipal ownership First Semester. — Three hours. Second Semester. — Three hours. Text-book. Col- lateral reading. Course II. — Labor Problems and Labor Organizations. (Not given in 1910-11.) A study of the aims, ideals, methods and evolution of organized labor in the United States. Unemployment. Wages. Standard of Living. YEAR BOOK 37 Child and Woman Labor. Strikes. Arbitration. Immi- gration. Profit Sharing. Co-operation. Industrial Edu- cation. First Semester. — Four hours. Lectures. Text-book. Collateral reading. Reports. Course III. — Economic Problems. Custom and Com- petition. Trusts and Combinations — history, benefits and evils of trusts, metho,ds of control, etc. Railways — his- tory, organization, theory of rates, state and national con- trol, etc. Agricultural Economics. First Semester. — Four hours. Lectures. Text-book. Collateral reading. Reports. Course IV. — Socialism and Social Reform. Commun- ism. Socialism. Christian Socialism. Anarchism. The Single Tax Movement. The Social Work Program. Second Semester. — Two hours. Lectures. Text-books. Collateral reading. Course V. — Taxation and Finance. (Not given in 1910-11). Governmental expenditures. History and theory of taxation. The general property tax. The land tax. Income and inheritance taxes. The single tax. Tax reform. Second Semester. — Three hours. Text-book. Lec- tures. Collateral reading. Course VI. — Elementary Statistics. (Not given in 1910-11.) The theory of statistics. Methods employed in statistical investigation. Second Semester. — One hour. Exercises. Lectures. Course VII. — Advanced Economics. Problems con- nected with the distribution of wealth. Second Semester. — Two hours. Lectures. Collateral reading. Reports. 38 ALBION COLLEGE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE. Course I. — History of Civilization. A review of the elements of civilization from an historical point of view. The development of political and legal institutions, the evolution of religion and of morals, the growth of com- merce, wealth and industrial institutions, and the develop- ment of literature, art and education. The elements of sociology. First Semester. — Three hours. Text-books. Lectures. Collateral reading. Course II. — Government in the United States. A brief study of national, state and local government in the United States. Second Semester. — Three hours. Text-book. Lec- tures. Collateral reading. Course III. — World Politics. (Not given in 1910-11.) Special attention will be given to conditions in the Orient. International Arbitration. Second Semester. — Two hours. Lectures. Text-book. Collateral reading. Reports. Course IV. — Practical Sociology. A study of charities and correction . Causes of poverty, degeneracy and crime. Private and public relief. Reformatories and prisons. Juvenile delinquency. The juvenile courts. Visits will be made to County and State institutions. First Semester. — One hour. Second Semester. — One hour. Lectures. Text-books. Collateral reading. Reports. YEAR BOOK 39 MATHEMATICS. The object of this department is twofold, — to give mental discipline and to practically apply the principles to the different arts and sciences. Clear thinking and the ex- pression of such thoughts in graphic form or by concise English are emphasized; mechanical methods of obtaining results are avoided. Though many of the subjects of- fered are usually classed under Pure Mathematics, their practical application is given due prominence. The wis- dom of this course will be easily seen when it is remem- bered that mathematical principles underlie the great me- chanical enterprises of modern civilization. Course I. — College Algebra. Text. First Semester. Four hours. Course II. — Plane and Spherical Trigonometry. Text, Lyman and Goddard. Second Semester. Four hours. Course III. — Analytic Geo,metry and Differential Cal- culus begun. The course in Analytic Geometry includes the point, straight line, conic sections and the equation of the second degree. First Semester. Four hours. Text, Ashton. .Course IV. — Differential Calculus completed and inte- gral Calculus. Text, Osborne. Second Semester. Four hours. Course V. — Theory of Equations. Text, Burnside and Panton. Three hours. First Semester. Course VI. — Theory of Determinants. Text, Weld. Three hours. Second Semester. Course VII. — Elementary Differential Equations. Text, Murray. Three hours. First Semester. Alternate years. Will be given in 1910-11. Course VIII. — Advanced Differential Equations. Text, Page. Second Semester. Three hours. Alternate years. Will be given in 1910-11. Course IX. — Advanced Analytics. Th is course is a continuation of Course III. It treats of Higher Plane 40 ALBION COLLEGE Curves, and Geometry of three dimensions. Alternate years. Will be offered in 1911-12. First Semester. Three hours. Course X. — Modern Analytics. In this course Cal- culus methods are applied. Three hours. Second Sem- ester. Alternate years. Will be given in 1911-12. A two-hours course in Solid Geometry will be organ- ized for college students. Alternate years. Will be given in 1910-11. APPLIED MATHEMATICS. Course I. — Mechanical Drawing. This course consists of three parts, as follows: (a) Lettering. — A study of free-hand styles and the design of titles for drawings. Text, Wilson ' s Free-hand Lettering. (b) Geometrical Construction. — The use and care of instruments, and the construction of such curves as the ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, cycloid, and involutes. (c) Isometric, cabinet, and orthographic projections. (d) Elementary Working Drawings. — Shop draw- ings of various machine parts. Tracing. First Semester. — Two hours. Second Semester. — Two hours. Open to Freshmen. Course II. — Descriptive Geometry. In this course problems are solved relating to the point, line and plane, the properties of surfaces and intersections and develop- ments. Text, Church ' s Descriptive Geometry. Given alternate years. (Will be given in 1910-11.) First Semester. — Two hours. Second Semester. — Two hours. Prerequisite. — Applied Mathematics I. Course in. — Surveying. This course consists of rec- itations, lectures and field work, and includes the use of YEAR BOOK 4 1 steel tapes, level and rod and transit, note keeping and computation. Text, Pence and Ketchum ' s Surveying Manual. Given alternate years. (Will be given in 1911-12.) First Semester. — Two hours. Second Semester. — Two hours. Prerequisite. — Applied Mathematics I and Mathemat- ics I and II. ASTRONOMY. This department is necessarily closely allied with that of Mathematics. A clear idea of Spherical Geometry is needed even in an elementary course, and Spherical Trig- onometry is used more and more as one advances. The aim will be to use enough of the wealth of astronomical mythology, biography and history to make this science highly interesting. Course I. — Descriptive Astronomy. Four hours. First Semester. Prerequisites, admission requirements to freshman class in algebra and geometry, and high school physics. An elementary course whose purpose is to give the student a conception of the sojar system and stellar heavens. Attention will be paid to the constellations and current celestial phenomena. Observations with the naked eye and equatorial telescope. Course II. — General Astronomy. Four hours. Second Semester. Prerequisites, Elementary Physics and Course I of Mathematics. Based on Young ' s General Astronomy (revised edition.) Use of equatorial, transit and side- real clock for the simpler problems of Practical Astron- omy; use of Nautical Almanac; star charting; calculation of suitable problems; special attention paid to observa- tional work. 42 ALBION COLLEGE PHYSICS. Course I. — General College Physics. Illustrated lec- tures, recitations and laboratory work. (Course I is open to election by students who have satisfied the entrance requirements in high school mathematics and physics.) A. — Mechanics. Four hours. First Semester. B. — Sound and Light. Four hours. Second Semester. Course II. — Advanced General Physics. Illustrated lectures and recitations. A. — Heat and Static Electricity. Three hours. First Semester. B. — Current Electricity and Magnetism. Three hours. Second Semester. Course III. — Laboratory Heat. One hour. First Sem- ester. This course may be taken in conjunction with or following Course II,A. (Not given in 1910-11.) Course IV. — Electrical and Battery Measurements. Two hours throughout the year. This is a laboratory course and must be preceded by Course II B. Course V. — Electromagnetic Theory. Two hours throughout the year. This is a text-book course involv- ing calculus methods and is open to students who have completed Course II B and Sophomore Mathematics. Course VI.— Theory of Heat and Thermodynamics. Two hours throughout the year. A study of Preston ' s Theory of Heat and lectures on Thermodynamics. Open to election by students who have completed Course II A In Physics and Sophomore Mathematics. Course VII. — Theory of Sound. Two hours. First Semester. Lectures and recitations. Calculus methods are employed. Open to election by students who have completed Course I in Physics and Sophomore Mathe- matics. Course VIII. — Theory of Light. Two hours. Second Semester. Study of Preston ' s Theory of Light. Open to election by students who have completed Course VII. YEAR BOOK 43 Course IX. — Elements of Electrical Engineering. A. — Direct Currents. Two hours. First Semester. B. — Alternating Currents. Two hours. Second Sem- ester. Course X.- — Theoretical Mechanics. A three-hour course in the application of Mechanics to Engineering, extending throughout the year. Open to Juniors and Seniors who have completed Course I in Physics and Sophomore Mathematics and Mechanical Drawing. CLASSIFICATION OF COURSES WITH REGARD TO FUTURE WORK OF STUDENTS. Teaching: Students who expect to prepare them- selves to teach physics should complete, at least, Courses I, II, III and IV, a total of seventeen semester hours. Technical Work: The head of the department will be pleased to advise with those who desire to take courses applicable to Engineering, Medicine or Pharmacy. CHEMISTRY. Chemistry is taught in Albion College primarily for the purpose of making a most important contribution to the general culture of the student, for want of which that culture would be imperfect and unsymmetrical. That the study of chemistry fully justifies itself as a disciplinary study is conceded by all, and in addition to this the study is broadly informational and brings the student into an intelligent and practical relation with many of the lead- ing commercial activities of the age. Still further, the McMillan Chemical Laboratory is constantly sending out its graduates into the manufactur- ing world as practical and successful chemists. The courses presented are similar to those of other institu- tions given under the head of Chemical and Mining En- gineering, and our students are, many of them, directing the chemical work of many great manufacturing con- 44 ALBION COLLEGE cerns. Well trained and capable chemists are in good demand and oftentimes the laboratory is unable to meet the demand for such trained labor. The laboratory also sends out many successful teach- ers of chemistry to our leading schools and colleges. It will be noticed that after Courses I, II, III and IV in general Chemistry are completed the work may divide into several lines depending upon the prospective future work of the student, viz: Chemical Engineering, Hygiene, Organic Chemistry, Medicine or Pharmacy. All students in Chemistry will pursue the courses under the first heading as these constitute a foundation for those that follow. GENERAL CHEMISTRY. Course I. — General Chemistry. Five double hours first semester, with lecture table demonstrations, lectures and laboratory work. Text, Alexander Smith ' s College Chemistry. Course II. — Qualitative Analysis. Five double hours second semester. The reactions of the various metals and their salts are studied with a view to their separation and identification and as well to lay a thorough foundation for all subsequent work. The course also includes a spe- cial study of oxidation and reduction. Texts, Fall ' s Manual of Qualitative Analysis and Prescott and John- son ' s Qualitative Analysis. Course III. — Quantitative Chemistry. Four hours, first semester. Laboratory work twelve hours per week, with lectures and recitations, (a) Gravimetric Analysis. The students first analyze substances of known composi- tion in order that they may constantly check the accuracy of their work and that they may study the fundamental processes of gravimetric analysis without the interference of foreign substances, (b) Volumetric Analysis. This includes the study of calibration of apparatus, indicators, acidimetry, alkalimetry, oxidations and reductions. Spe- cial emphasis is placed upon the preparation and use of YEAR BOOK 45 standard solutions as employed in technical work. Pre- requisites Courses I and II. Course IV. — Advanced Quantitative Chemistry. Four hours, second semester. A continuation of Course III, in which the work consists of the analysis of materials of the complex nature such as is met in actual practice. Twelve hours laboratory work per week. Prerequisites, Courses I, II and III. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. Course V. — Mineralogy. Three double hours, first semester. Text, Moses and Parsons ' Elements of Min- eralogy. About forty typical minerals are studied by means of both chemical and physical tests, with a view to their identification and also to learn the methods by which any mineral may be termined. This course must preceded by Courses I and II. Not given in 1910-11. The next five courses are included under the general head of Chemical Technology. The work occupies two entire years. They are such studies as are found in courses in the leading universities under the title of Chemical and Mining Engineering. Course VI. — Technical Analysis. Four hours, first semester. Laboratory practice twelve hours per week. This course includes the study of coal, its nature, distri- bution, heating value and methods of analysis; illuminat- ing gas, its chemistry, analysis and manufacture; the analysis of water with reference to its use for commer- cial purposes. Special emphasis is placed upon the inter- pretation of the analytical results. Prerequisite, Course III. Course VII. — Portland Cement. Four hours, second semester. Laboratory work twelve hours per week. Lecture and quiz one hour per week. Text, Meade ' s Portland Cement. This course includes the study of the raw materials, the composition, manufacture, and testing 46 ALBION COLLEGE Qf the finished product. Students entering this course must have had Course IV and all preceding courses. Course VIII. — Assaying. Three hours, second seme- ster. Lectures and recitations. Laboratory work eight hours per week. This course includes the study of the methods of fire assaying and the metallurgy of gold, silver and lead. Not given in 1910-11. Text, Ricketts and Miller ' s Notes on Assaying. Prerequisites, Courses I, II, III and V. Course IX. — Metallurgy of Iron and Steel. Three hours, first semester. Lectures and recitations. A study of the methods of manufacture and the properties of iron and steel. Text, Hiorns ' Steel and Iron for Advanced Students. Prerequisites, Courses I and II. Course X. — Iron and Steel Analysis. Three hours second semester. Nine hours laboratory work per week. Text, Blair. This course includes a study of the best known methods of analysis of iron and steel. Will be given in 1910-11 and each alternate year thereafter. Pre- requisites, Courses III, IV and IX. Course XI. — Electrolysis. Three hours. Second sem- ester. Laboratory work nine hours per week. Text, Smith. Will be given in 1911-12 and each alternate year. Prerequisites, Courses I-III, inclusive, and either Bat- teries or Electrical Measurements. SANITARY, MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY. Course XII. — Organic Chemistry. Five hours. The study of the text, with lectures, three days per week. Laboratory work in Synthetical Preparations six hours per week. First semester. This course may be taken by students who have completed Course II. The work of the first semester covers a study of the paraffin Hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Text, Perkin and Kipping. Course XIII. — Organic Chemistry. Five hours. This is Course XII continued through the second semester. YEAR BOOK 47 The work includes the study of the Benzene Hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Study the text and organic prep- arations as in the first semester. Course XIV. — Sanitary Water Analysis. Three hours. First Semester. Laboratory practice eight hours per week. Given in 1910-11 and each alternate year. Text, Leffman and Beam. Prerequisites, Courses III, XII and XIII. This course is a study of the methods o,f analysis of water to determine its fitness for domestic use. Spe- cial attention is given to the interpretation of analytical results. Course XV. — The Chemistry of Foods. Three hours, second semester. Laboratory work nine hours per week. Text, Leach ' s Food Inspection and Analysis. The course includes a study of methods of analysis of food products with a view to ascertaing their strength and purity. Flour, milk, butter and other foods are studied. Given in 1910-11 and each alternate year. Prerequisites, Courses III, XII and XIII. Course XVI. — Sanitary Science. Three hours, second semester. Lectures and research work three days per week. Includes the study of communicable diseases, their origin, development, spread and prevention; a study of the air, nature, sources of contamination, sewer gas, plumbing, disinfection, ventilation, water, its composi- tion, distribution and pollution; disposal of sewage and house refuse, foods, purity, adulteration, methods of de- tecting, cooking, diet; clothing; home making. Will be given in 1911-12 and each alternate year. Course XVII. — Ultimate Organic Analysis. Two hours, second semester. Six hours laboratory work per week. A separate laboratory, thoroughly equipped for this purpose, is provided. Course XVIII. — Normal Chemistry. Two hours each semester. Students expecting to teach chemistry will be given work in practice teaching, chemical manipulation and the care and management of a laboratory. 48 ALBION COLLEGE Students doing meritorious work in the above courses readily receive advance credit for them in the leading universities, engineering schools and medical colleges. BIOLOGY. Course I. — Zoology. Four hours throughout the year. Three hours weekly are spent in the laboratory in the study of types representing nearly all the more important classes of the animal kingdom. The laboratory work is accompanied by two lectures or quizzes each week, rough- ly parallel to the laboratory work, on the comparative anatomy and classification of animals. (a) Protozoans, Sponges, Coelenterates and Ech- inoderms. (b) Worms, Molluscs, Arthropods and Vertebrates. Course II. — Botany. Six hours. One hour lecture or quiz and two double hours in the laboratory or the field, weekly, throughout the year. While it is desirable that students entering this course should have had elementary Botany, it is not re- quired. (a) The processes of plant life; the structure of plants; a systematic study of the lower plants, from Myxomycetes to Vascular Cryptogams. First Semester. (b) Continuation of the above, extending the study to the Spermatophytes. A considerable part of the time during the spring may be given to field work in Ecology. Second semester. Course III. — Laboratory Methods and Microscopical Technique. Three hours. Second semester. Two double hours in the laboratory, with lectures or quizzes each week. This course is especially designed for those that expect to teach the natural sciences or to pursue the study of medicine. It applies on the Normal Course. It in- cludes: methods of killing, fixing and preserving; section cutting and mounting; the microscope and microscopical YEAR BOOK 49 methods; testing and proper use of instruments, with repair of the same; field work; fauna and flora; general care of a laboratory. Those taking this as a normal course will be expected to give a certain amount of time to work with classes in the laboratories. Given in 1910-11. CJourse IV. — Advanced Zoology. Six hours. Three hours weekly throughout the year.. Acquaintance with the general facts of Zoology will be assumed and the time will be devoted to the philosophy of zoology and to the discussion of leading biological questions. Text, Thom- son ' s Outlines of Zoology, lectures and seminar work. First Semester. General survey; nature of proto- plasm; the cell; animal and plant; heredity; sex; proto- zoa; origin of the metazoa; coelentera. Second Semester. Cursory examination of other in- vertebrate types; Vertebrates. Course V. — Embryology. Four hours. A course of three double hours in the laboratory and one lecture or quiz per week, during the second semester. Chief stress will be laid upon Vertebrates, which will be studied com- paratively, bringing out the general principles governing their development. (Not given in 1910-11.) PHOTOGRAPHY. The theory, processes and applications of Photogra- phy, with especial reference to (a) its utilization as an aid to the teacher; (b) artistic photography. Two hours. Second Semester. (Not given in 1910-11.) GEOLOGY. Prerequisites, Physics, Chemistry and Zoology. A study of the changes at present going on upon the earth; their causes and the records they have left in the 50 ALBION COLLEGE rocks; the development of existing surface configura- tions; the changes in past conditions of physical geogra- phy and their consequent reaction upon life systems. Especial attention is given to the development of the North American continent, and to the geological history of Michigan. Three hours each week throughout the year. PHILOSOPHY Course I. — Psycology. First Semester; four hours. This is a course in general psychology. It treats especially of the senses, intellect, the feelings and the will. It will include simple experiments on the primary problems and a careful outline study of the nervous system. Course II. — Logic. Second Semester; four hours. A course in Formal Logic, presented by means of text-books, lectures, and discussion. The first part of the semester will be devoted to Deduction, aiming to acquaint the student with the various laws and forms of the syllogism, and with the methods of detecting logical fallacies. The second part of the semester is devoted to Inductive Logic, and treats of inference, induction, hypotheses, analogy, probability, chance, etc. The relations of Logic to actual life are carefully considered. Course III. — Ethics. Second Semester; four hours. The study and comparison of the methods used in history for the ascertainment of the ultimate principles of Ethics, and the methods of their application to the ordinary con- ditions of daily life, both for the individual and for the state. Especial attention is given to the most recent views. Course IV. — History of Ancient and Mediaeval Phil- osophy. First Semester; three hours. The rise and gen- eral course of the philosophical systems of Greece and their influence on history. This is followed by a study YEAR BOOK 51 of the course of philosophical development in the middle ages and its theological and social connections. Course V. — History of Modern Philosophy. Second Semester; three hours. A consideration of the character- istic doctrines of Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, Hume, Kant, Pichte, Schelling, Hegel, and some current forms of Sensationalism, Idealism, Skepticism, Mysticism and Pragmatism. The principles of thought development and their relations to religion and society will be emphasized. Course VI. — The Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle. First Semester; three hours. An intensive study of the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, including the study of their more important writings, the historical connections of their philosophy, and their influence in history. Course VII. — Kant and Modern Metaphysics. Second Semester; three hours. A study of the problem of knowl- edge, and Kant ' s solution of it, together with the most recent tendencies and interpretations. Courses II. and III. will be given in alternate years. Course II. will be given in 1910-11. Courses VI. and VII. will be given in 1910-11. Courses IV. and V. will be given in 1911-12. PEDAGOGY. This work is restricted to Juniors and Seniors. (Note: Students are earnestly advised to adjust their college work so that the Normal Courses may be dis- tributed oyer the last two years of their college course.) The course of study in this department has been ap- proved by the State Board of Education and students com- pleting it are entitled to the Teacher ' s College Certificate, issued by the State Board of Education. Upon a subsequent page, under the general heading COLLEGE WORK TABULATED, will be found a state- ment of the specific courses offered as Normal Work. 52 ALBION COLLEGE Especial attention is given to the history of Education, to the Comparison of Continental Educational Systems with our own, to the subject of School Law and to Applied Psychology. In connection with the work indicated above, there are Methods Courses in English, Physics, History, Biology, Chemistry, Latin, German, Greek, and Math- ematics. The various Normal Courses are offered in connection with work in the different departments of the institution. Applied Psycology, History of Education and School Law are required of all candidates for the Teacher ' s College Certificate. The remainder of the work candidates should elect, as far as possible, from the departments in which they expect to teach. THE ENGLISH BIBLE. The work in this Department is so arranged that the various courses, taken as a whole, give a complete survey of the English Bible,, from different points of view. Each course is continuous throughout the year, unless other- wise indicated. Course I. — The Gospels. Two hours. The course will begin with a study of the Maccabean and Roman periods of Jewish History, in order that a clear idea of the polit- ical, social and historical background of the Gospel His- tory may be secured. Open to Preparatory students. Course n. — The Apostolic Church. Two hours. The history and teaching of the Apostolic Church will be studied. Special attention will be given to the political and social conditions of t he times. Open to Freshmen. Course III. — Old Testament History. Two hours. The History of Syria and Palestine will be studied, from the earliest times to the Maccabean epoch. Open to Sopho- mores. Course IV. — Biblical Masterpieces. Two hours. The YEAR BOOK 53 English Bible will be studied from the literary point of view. Attention will also be given to the influence of the English Bible upon English Literature. Open to Juniors. Course V. — Christian Sociology. Two hours. First Semester. The course affords an opportunity for the study of the relation of New Testament teachings to the solution of present day problems. Open to Seniors. Course VI. — Evidences of Christianity. Two hours. Second Semester. Text, The Grounds of Christian and Theistic Belief, Fisher. Open to Seniors. Course VII. — Greek Testament. Two hours. Especial attention will be given to the grammatical and lexical details of the Pauline Epistles. Texts, Westcott and Hort ' s Greek New Testament, Thayer ' s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, New Testament Grammar (Moulton, Robertson). Collateral work will be assigned. Open to students who have had two years of Classical Greek. Course VIII. — English Bible Seminar. One hour. Op- portunity is afforded in the Seminar for original research and critical study of important topics. Reports and theses will be presented for discussion and criticism. Open to college students who, have had Courses I and II. Course IX. — Hebrew. Two hours. Harper ' s text- books will be used in this course. Open to college stu- dents. Course X. — History of the Christian Church. Two hours. Open to Seniors and Juniors. 54 ALBION COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION. This department today is considered a most necessary one. in all colleges. It is known that gymnastic training can be so wisely prosecuted that the strength of physical manhood may grow with as much certainty and regularity as the intellect develops under systematic and vigorous study. College students, leading a sedentary life, as they necessarily do, find great value in such exercises as are practiced in a well-ordered gymnasium. General instruction in the Gymnasium is given through- out the year. Enduring strength, activity and grace are the essentials striven for, and these, not through feats replete with danger and calling for sustained and arduous work, but rather through exercises that are safe and beneficial to the participant. The director will be pleased to give physical examinations to any desiring them, also to give personal instruction to individuals at any time. Special attention is given to all branches of outdoor sports. It is well kno,wn that the terms gymnastics and athletics are not synonymous. The latter is often carried to an extreme that is decidedly harmful; but under the supervision of our director we are sure that outdoor sports can be so conducted as to promote health while they contribute to college spirit. The whole athletic life of the College is under the supervision of a faculty committee, which, working with the student management, compels a high standard of class work and makes every effort to reach the highest ideals of morality and purity in all branches of athletics. Through the generous gift of Mr. John Winter and Dr. Oliver H. Lau, of Detroit, supplemented by the gifts of students and friends, a large Athletic Field of twelve acres adjacent to the northern branch of the Kalamazoo River, within two blocks of the Gymnasium, has been pur- YEAR BOOK 55 chased. The field provides excellent opportunities for all athletic sports. No student is allowed to represent the College in any inter-collegiate athletic event who is not carrying at least ten hours of work and doing all his work to the satisfac- tion of his instructors. PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN. Candidates for the A. B. degree are required to take two years of regular class work in Gymnastics before graduation. The class exercises are given three times a week and continue throughout the fall and winter terms up to the Easter vacation. The Spring term is devoted to out-of-door exercise, especially walking and tennis. The aim is to check abnormal tendencies of growth due to attitudes taken in writing and studying, and also to bring about well balanced development of all the muscles in the body. Systematic gymnastic exercise ensures grace of motion, poise and quickness of action. Each young woman is require d to take a physical ex- amination before she enters class work. Careful records are made and medical aid advised when necessary. Gymnasium suits and shoes must be the regulation uniform. Suits are secured at a cost of $5. The suits are neatly tailored blue serge. During the first year class exercises are arranged with special reference to poise. Poise exercises, class drills, class games and elementary fancy steps are taught. During the second year Swedish and German gym- nastics, class drills, class games and fancy steps are taught. COLLEGE WORK TABULATED Semesters 1 2 Latin. Roman Social and Political Life.. 3 3 ♦Studies in Mythology and Ancient Art 1 Roman Public Life 1 ♦Roman Art and Artistic Literature 3 3 Roman Philosophy 3 3 Advanced Latin Grammar 2 2 Latin Pedagogy 2 2 Roman Social Life 1 Odyssey; Greek Historians 4 4 Greek. Attic Orators; Attic Drama 4 4 Plato; Greek Epigraphy 3 3 Pausanias; Neo-Hellenic 2 2 Seminar 1 1 Modern Languages. GERMAN: Course 1 5 5 Course 2 5 5 Course 3 4 4 Course 4 2 2 Course 5 2 2 Course 6 2 2 Course 7 2 2 Normal Course 2 2 FRENCH: Course 1 4 4 Course 2 4 4 Course 3 4 4 Course 4 2 2 Normal Course 2 2 English Language. Rhetoric and Composition 3 3 Advanced Composition 2 2 Prose Masterpieces 2 2 Writing 1 1 Forensics 3 Critical Survey of English Litera- ture 4 4 Nineteenth Century Poetry 3 3 Nineteenth Century Prose 3 3 Theories of Literary Criticism 2 2 Shakespeare 3 Development of the Novel 3 Elocution 2 2 Study of Great Orators 2 2 Bible, Hymn and Liturgic Reading. 1 1 Shakesperean Interpretation 2 2 English Literature. Oratory. Not given in 1910-11. Semesters 1 2 History of Europe 3 3 History. ♦American History (A) 4 American History (B. C.) 4 3 ♦English History 4 Methods in History 1 Economics 1 3 3 ♦Labor Problems and Organizations 4 Economic Problems 4 Economics. Socialism and Social Reform 2 ♦Taxation and Finance 3 ♦Elementary Statistics 1 Advanced Economics 2 Political and Social Science. History of Civilization 3 Government in the U. S 3 ♦World Politics 2 Practical Sociology 1 1 College Algebra 4 Trigonometry 4 Analytic Geometry and Calculus... 4 4 Theory of Equations 3 Theory of Determinants 3 ♦Elementary Differential Equations (alternate years) 3 ♦Advanced Differential Equations (alternate years) 3 ♦Advanced Analytics (alternate years) 3 ♦Modern Analytics (alternate yrs.) . . 3 Mechanical Drawing 2 ♦Descriptive Geometry (alternate years) 2 2 ♦Surveying (alternate years) 3 Mechanics 4 Sound and Light 4 Heat and Static Electricity 3 Current Electricity and Magnetism . . 3 ♦Laboratory Heat 1 Laboratory Electrical Measure- ments 2 2 Advanced Electricity 2 2 Theory of Heat (alternate years) . . 2 2 Theory of Sound (alternate years) . 2 . . Theory of Light (alternate years).. . . 2 Elements of Electrical Engineering (alternate years) 2 2 Theoretical Mechanics (alternate years) 3 3 ♦Not given in 1910-11. Mathe- matics. Physics. Semesters 1 2 Astronomy. Descriptive Astronomy 3 General Astronomy 3 Chemistry. General Chemistry and Qualitative Analysis 5 5 Quantitative Chemistry 4 4 ♦Mineralogy (Alternate Years) .... 3 Technical Analysis 4 Cement Chemistry 4 ♦Assaying (Alternate Years) 3 Iron and Steel Analysis 3 Electrolysis 3 Organic Chemistry 5 5 Sanitary Water Analysis 3 Chemistry of Foods 3 ♦Sanitary Science 3 Ultimate Organic Analysis 3 Metallurgy . . 3 Biology. Zoology 4 4 Botany 3 3 Laboratory Methods and Microscop- ical Technology 2 ♦Embryology 4 Advanced Zoology 3 3 Geology 3 3 ♦Photography 2 Philosophy. Psychology 4 Logic 4 ♦Ethics 4 ♦Ancient and Mediaeval Philosophy 3 ♦Modern Philosophy 3 Plat o and Aristotle 3 Kant and Recent Philosophy 3 ♦Not given in 1910-11. Semesters 1 2 Applied Psychology 3 History of Education and Continen- tal Educational Systems 3 School Law 1 Methods in English 2 Methods in Physics 1 1 Normal. Methods in History 1 Methods in Biology (Laboratory Methods) 3 Normal Chemistry 2 2 Normal Latin 2 Normal German 2 2 Normal Greek 1 1 The Gospels 2 2 Apostolic Church 2 2 Old Testament History 2 2 Biblical Masterpieces 2 2 English Bible. Christian Sociology 2 Evidences of Christianity 2 Greek Testament 2 2 ♦Church History 2 2 Seminar 1 l Hebrew 2 2 Not given in 1910-11. GRADUATION The degree of Bachelor of Arts will be conferred upon all persons regularly admitted to the Collegiate depart- ment who complete, in accordance with our requirements, the prescribed number of courses. Students must be in residence here during their Senior year. Bachelor of Music is conferred on all who complete the course in Music in addition to a full college course. MASTER ' S DEGREE. The Master ' s degree is not an honorary one and is no longer given in course. It is intended to testify to the recipient ' s actual and ascertained progress in some special lines of post-graduate study. The master ' s degree will be granted to persons who already have received the Bachelor ' s degree and who finish in a satisfactory manner a course of resident, advanced study in Albion College, for a period of at least one year after graduating. The degree may also be granted, under similar conditions, to those spending two years in resident study in a non-professional department of another college, or three years in non-professional study in absentia. The work to be done in the two cases last named must, however, be equivalent in the aggregate to that required of resident graduate students. A Major and two Minor lines of work must be pros- ecuted, one-half of the total amount of work being upon the Major course. The course of study will be under the direction of the committee on Graduate Instruction, acting with the heads of the departments in which the candidates desire to study. Candidates will be required to present a thesis, and pass a satisfactory examination, either oral or written. Bachelors of other colleges of satisfactory grade of YEAR BOOK 61 scholarship may receive the Master ' s degree after one year ' s resident study under the conditions above specified. In all cases where the work to be done embraces orig- inal investigation and research, the candidate may be re- quired also to present exhibits showing the results of such work. Thesis and exhibits must be submitted to the com- mittee before the first day of May, and candidates must present themselves for examination during the two weeks prior to Commencement week. The examination will be public. DIPLOMAS. A graduating diploma is given to the student com- pleting a course of music in the Conservatory. A graduating diploma is granted to each student com- pleting a full course in the Theory and Art of Painting. A diploma is granted to each student completing either the general business course or the shorthand and typewriting course in the Commercial Department. The above degrees or graduating diplomas are granted only on satisfactory examination and payment of the regular fees. ENROLLMENT AND WORK OF CLASS OFFICERS. 1. The first day of each semester is devoted to the work of enrollment, the regular class exercises beginning on the following morning. 2. Class officers are appointed as follows: One each for the Junior and Senior classes, two for the Sophomore class, four for the Freshman class and two for sub-col- legiate students. The duties of these officers are to advise the students as to the course of study, and to make out their study tickets. Each study ticket must have the ap- proval of the class officer noted thereon before the bearer 62 ALBION COLLEGE will be permitted to enroll in classes. These officers are supplied with the arrears cards of those under their charge. 3. The student will take his entrance blank to the treasurer, who will furnish him a receipt for money paid, retaining the study ticket. 4. Immediately after chapel on the next morning the student will call at the office and receive cards entitling him to admission to classes. 5. Failure on the part of any student to enroll on the regular day for registration involves an additional fee of one dollar. PRIZES AWARDED ANNUALLY. ORATORY. 1. — The Berry Prize, established and endowed by the gift of $600 by Bishop Joseph F. Berry, D. D. This prize of $30 a year is awarded to the winner of the first honors in the Annual College Contest in Oratory. The winner also represents the college in the Inter-Collegiate Contest. 2. — The Elsie S. Vernor Prize of $20 a year, endowed by Mr. Frank A. Vernor, of Detroit. This prize is awarded to the winner of second honors in the Annual College Contest, the winner also becoming the alternate repre- sentative of the Inter-Collegiate Contest. III. — The Baldwin Prize in Oratory of $10 a year has been established by the Rev. C. W. Baldwin, of Detroit. IV. — George Bowen Silliman Oratorical Prize. This is an annual prize of $2 5 established by Mr. L. Silliman, of Albion, in honor of his son who died while a student in College. The prize is open to competition on the part of all Sophomores who have attained a certain degree of excellence in Sophomore English. V. — The Class of 1877 offer an annual prize of $20 to the winner of the Horn Contest. YEAR BOOK 63 BIBLE FELLOWSHIP. This is a permanent fund, the interest of which is used for an annual prize in Bible study. It is expected that in time the Fellowship will become sufficiently large to enable at least one member of each graduating class to spend a year in Biblical research in the American schools in Rome and Jerusalem. Prof. F. S. Goodrich is treasurer of the fund. SCHOLARSHIPS. Scholarships, as an encouragement to meritorious stu- dents and as a recommendation of the highest scholar- ship, have been founded. The income from these scholar- ships is sufficient to pay the incidental fees. I. — The Hallock Scholarship, founded by Mr. and Mrs. T. T. Hallock, of Climax. A candidate for the missionary field will receive special consideration in the awarding of this scholarship. II. — The Robinson Scholarship, endowed by Mr. and Mrs. L. W. Robinson, of Battle Creek. Sons and daugh- ters of superannuated ministers will receive special con- sideration in the awarding of this scholarship. III. — The Ionia Scholarship, endowed by the members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Ionia, will be award- ed to the graduate of the Ionia High School excelling in intellectual attainment and moral worth. IV. — The Williams Scholarship, maintained by Mr. C. B. Williams, of Alpena. V. — The Shumaker Scholarship, endowed by S. F. and Susan M. Shumaker, of Centerville, preference to be given to students preparing for ministry or missionary work. VI. — The Hicks Scholarship, founded by Mrs. Alice Hicks, of Lexington, and available for a worthy student of either sex. 64 ALBION COLLEGE VII. — The Root Scholarhsip, endowed by Dr. and Mrs. W. W. Root, of Mason. VIII. — The Blackmar Scholarship, endowed by Mrs. E. B. Blackmar, of North Adams. IX. — The Bliss Scholarship, founded by Governor Aaron T. Bliss. X. — The Dwelle-Cook Scholarship, founded by Mrs. Eliza A. Cook, of Hanover. XI. — The Wightman Scholarship, founded by Mr. E. B. Wightman, of Fenton. XII. — The Buck Scholarship, founded by Hon. George M. Buck and family, of Kalamazoo. XIII. — The Elizabeth Hoag Memorial Scholarship, to be assigned to such young women as are properly recom- mended and selected by the Woman ' s Foreign Missionary Society. The beneficiaries of this scholarship are to be young women who are already accepted for work in the foreign field under the direction of the Woman ' s Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church. This scholarship yields more than sufficient to pay the fees of a student and will give considerable financial assistance to those receiving its benefits. XIV. — The John Graham Scholarship, established by Mrs. Mary J. Scudder, late of Grand Rapids, Mich., in honor of the Rev. John Graham, D. D. XV. — The Mary J. Scudder Scholarship, No. 1, estab- lished by Mrs. Mary J. Scudder. XVI. — The Mary J. Scudder Scholarship, No. 2, estab- lished by Mrs. Mary J. Scudder. XVII. — The Gibbins Scholarship, established by John Gibbins, of Stockbridge, Mich. INTERCOLLEGIATE DEBATES. The Oratorical Committee, under the general super- vision of the Professor of English and Oratory, has done YEAR BOOK 65 excellent work along the line of intercollegiate debates. Albion ' s record for the past eleven years has- been an enviable one in this regard. ALBION ' S RECORD IN DEBATE SINCE 1900. HELD AT WON BY 1900 Albion vs. Allegheny Albion Albion 1901 Albion vs. Allegheny Meadeville, Pa.. . .Albion 1902 Albion vs. Alma Alma, Mich Albion 1902 Albion vs. DePauw Albion Albion 1903 Albion vs. Lawrence Albion Albion 1903 Albion vs. Upper Iowa... .Fayette, la Albion 1903 Albion vs. DePauw Greencastle, Ind . DePauw 1904 Albion vs. Upper Iowa... .Albion Albion 1905 Albion vs. Lawrence Appleton, Wis. . Lawrence 1905 Albion vs. Washington , and Jefferson Albion Albion 1905 Albion vs. Kalamazoo .... Albion Albion 1906 Albion vs. Earlham Richmond, Ind ... .Albion 1906 Albion vs. Allegheny . . . .Meadeville, Pa. Allegheny 1906 Albion vs. Illinois Wesleyan Albion Albion 1907 Albion vs. Allegheny . . . .Albion Albion 1907 Albion vs. Illinois Wesleyan Bloomington, 111. 111. Wes. 1908 Albion vs. Detroit Law. . .Albion Albion 1908 Albion vs. DePauw Albion DePauw 1909 Albion vs. DePauw Albion Albion 1909 Albion vs. DePauw Greencastle, Ind. . . Albion 1909 Albion vs. Beloit Albion Albion 1909 Albion vs. Detroit Law. . .Detroit Albion 1910 Albion vs. Earlham Albion Earlham 1910 Albion vs. DePauw Albion Albion 1910 Albion vs. DePauw Greencastle, Ind . . . Albion 1910 Albion vs. Beloit Belo it, Wis Albion No student is allowed to serve on more than one de- bating team during a college year, nor to serve on a de- bating team and appear in the State Oratorical Contest during the same year. Students representing the college on a debating team or in a State Oratorical Contest are not permitted to carry more than fifteen, nor less than ten hours ' work during the semester in which preparation for the debate or con- test is made. 66 ALBION COLLEGE PREPARATORY STUDIES .TAUGHT For the accommodation of students who may come to us with insufficient preparation, the institution provides certain preparatory studies as herein set forth. Upon the completion of 120 semester hours from these subjects, provided the condition as to required units is fulfilled, a student will be admitted to the Freshman class. Students below collegiate grade will be assigned to class officers who will supervise their work and aid in selecting such subjects as will secure proper sequence. ENGLISH. Course A. — Four hours throughout the year. The fundamental principles of Rhetoric. Study of Figures of Speech. Theme Writing, with Outline in Narration and De- scription. Course B. — -Five hours throughout the year, of which three hours are devoted to American Literature and two hours to English Composition. In this course the aim is to make the student ' s work in composition and his work in literature helpful to each other. First Semester. — Scott and Denny ' s Composition-Lit- erature is the text used. Special practice in spelling. Abernethy ' s American Literature is the text adopted in that subject. Masterpieces, indicated in College Entrance Requirements, by American authors will be studied in connection with their respective periods. Second Semester. — Original work in Exposition and Argumentation. Forms of English poetry. Theme writ- ing. Spelling. American Literature. Masterpieces. Course C. — Four hours throughout the year. First Semester. — English Literature. From the be- YEAR BOOK 67 ginning to the Revival of Romanticism. Special attention is paid to Chaucer, Spencer, Shakespeare, Milton. Second Semester. — English Literature. Periods studied include Romanticism and the Nineteenth Century in prose and poetry. The text used in both semesters is A First View of English Literature by Moody and Lovett. In the Masterpieces the Lake edition is preferred. Note books are made throughout the course. Collateral read- ing in the college library is required. GERMAN. Course A. — Five hours per week throughout the year. Reading — Spanhoofd ' s reader serves as the basis for the year ' s work. Construction. — Spanhoofd ' s Lehrbuch der deutschen Sprache is used for drill and home work. Writing. — A well arranged series of copy-books is used. Weekly dictation to test the student in ability to write correctly and to express himself readily in German. Conversation. — German conversation is had from the beginning, and German is used increasingly in the class- room as the student advances. Course B. — Five hours per week throughout the year. Reading. — Lutz ' s German Reader is used during the year. Construction. — Review (topically) of the work of the first year. German composition. Conversation. — German is used in the class-room as far as the ability of the student will permit. LATIN. Course A. — Five hours per week throughout the year. First Semester. — An introductory study of the Latin language, supplemented with selections from connected writings. In this semester emphasis will be placed on forms and vocabulary. Second Semester. — Continuation of the work of the first semester, with emphasis on the syntax. 68 ALBION COLLEGE Course B. — Four hours per week throughout the year. First Semester. — A graduated series of selections from Fables in Latin, Roman history and biography, including selections from Nepos and Caesar. Supplementary studies in Latin prose composition. Second Semester. — Selections from the Orations of Cicero. Continuation of supplementary drill in Latin prose composition. Course C. — Four hours per week throughout the year. First Semester. — Virgil ' s Aeneid, with especial at- tention to poetics, an appreciation of Virgil ' s style and work, his place in literature, etc. Supplementary review in grammatical principles, and drill in prose composition and in sight reading. Second Semester. — Continuation of the study of Virgil, and of the supplementary work. There will be continued emphasis on all that will prepare for successful work in College Latin. GREEK. Greek is one of the most beneficial of culture studies. While it is understood that a mastery of Greek gives abundant mental discipline, it must be admitted that a knowledge of that language is of value to any student, whether he specialize in the technical branches, or in history, literature or philosophy. A large percentage of the nomenclature in the professional branches is derived from the Greek language. At least one year in Latin should be completed before the student begins to study Greek. Course A. — Five hours per week throughout the year. A study of forms and constructions. Translation and prose work. Special preparation for the study of Xenophon ' s Anabasis by vocabulary and construction study. Reading from Xenophon ' s Anabasis, Book I. Col- lateral study in Greek Grammar. YEAR BOOK 69 Course B. — Five hours per week throughout the year. Xenophon ' s Anabasis. Review of constructions. Word study. Homer ' s Iliad, Books I-III. A study is made of the rythm of the Greek Epic, the setting of the Iliad, and the peculiarities of the Epic dialect. MATHEMATICS. In this department, pre-eminently, must efficient work be based on a thoroughness in fundamental principles and operations. Acordingly, students are urged to make a careful preparation in Arithmetic and Algrebra before attempting subsequent work. In almost all cases where the advanced Mathematics have been found difficult, it has been due to defects in the study of Algebra. On the other hand, comprehension and facility in this corner- stone of analytical reasoning very generally lead to, rapid advancement, clear understanding and a very satisfactory appreciation of the higher branches. Arithmetic is taught in connection with the Business Department. Course A. — Preparatory Algebra. Five hours per week during the year. A study of the Algebraic symbols, and of the fundamental operations, factoring, factor the- orem, fractions, simple equations, simultaneous equa- tions, graphs, involution, evolution, theory of exponents, radicals and quadratic equations. Course B. — Plane and Solid Geometry. Five hours per week during the year. In Geometry the prominent aim is to develop logical reasoning power, clear concep- tions and accurate language, to which end the benefits of this branch are well known. A large amount of original inventional work is performed, and due attention given to the practical applications of the subject. 70 ALBION COLLEGE PHYSICS. The course in Physics, in the last year of the prep- aratory course, will be a five hours ' course and will ex- tend throughout the year. This course will consist of illustrated lectures, recitations and laboratory work. It must be preceded by a course in Algebra and one in Plane Geometry. HISTORY AND CIVICS. Course A. — United States History and Civil Govern- ment. Five hours per week throughout the year. In ad- dition to the text-book work, a limited amount of col- lateral reading will be required. The history work will extend over about two-thirds of the year. The main pur- pose of this portion of the course is the narrative history and the history of institution making. The latter part of the course will be devoted to a brief consideration of our national, state and local government. Special reference will be made to the government of Michigan. Course B. — General History. Four hours per week throughout the year. Grecian History, — a general study of the country, customs, manners and government of Greece. Roman History, — especially designed to acquaint the student, in a general way, with the development of the Roman Constitution. Medieval History, — The Dark Ages, the Renaissance and the Feudal System. Modern History, — a brief study of the Reformation in Germany and England, the revolt of The Netherlands, the growth of absolute monarchy in France, the French Revolution, the progress of democracy during the Nineteenth Cen- tury, etc. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION The foregoing statement of the work of the Prepara- tory School presents the provisions made by the institu- tion to fit for college. The larger field of preparation, however, is the High Schools. The Faculty of Albion College have long believed that the requirements for admission to college should exhibit a high degree of flexibility. They have recognized the fact that the high school exists to meet local wants, and does its work best when it most fully meets such wants. For some years the Faculty of Albion College have been studying this question in the light of all the information they could obtain, with a careful scrutiny of the princi- ples involved and have reached the conclusion that the courses of study best adapted to the purpose of the high school may, and ought to be accepted in preparation for college. We have tried the experiment and found it suc- cessful, of taking the student at the point up to which the best schools have educated him, giving him credit for all his work, in the line he has chosen. This practically throws college doors open to a large number of young persons who, under the old system, would be deprived of the advantages provided in the higher institutions of learning. By this plan we do not admit at any lower point of scholarship, but make the lines of study in prep- aration more flexible, holding that it is training and cul- ture that are needed, which can be secured through su- perior and adequate range of work, rather than by ad- herence to the old methods of following always a special line of studies. We have found that a large number of schools of twelve grades — in the quality and extent of work done — may be trusted to prepare for the Freshman year in college; and that many of the schools of eleven grades may be relied upon to fit the pupil for the fourth or highest Sub-Collegiate year. We accept, therefore, without examination of stu- 72 ALBION COLLEGE dents, the work of the best high schools of twelve grades as preparation for college. Under the same conditions we shall admit into our fourth Sub-Collegiate year from schools of eleven grades which are known to be doing satisfactory work. We advise students to pursue the same general line of work as that in which they have been prepared for col- lege. No one class of work can arrogate to itself the term culture. Many lines of work lead to the same end if intelligently and faithfully pursued, and each brings its possessor power and success. This idea has now so far won acceptance that we pre- sent the following alternative requirements for admis- sion. Fifteen units are required for admission to the Fresh- man Class; a unit is defined as one year ' s work of not less than four recitation periods per week, — provided that in the sciences, laboratory periods shall be estimated at one- half the rate for recitation periods. Of these units the following are required for all: English, three units. Mathematics, two or three units. Physics, one unit. Language (Latin, Greek, French or German), two units. These two units must be offered in the same language. The remaining units may be offered from among the following; and the total number of units, including the absolute requirements, may be offered to the extent in- dicated: English, four units. Latin, four units. Greek, three units. German, three units. French, two units. Algrebra, one and one-half units. Geometry, one and one-half units. YEAR BOOK 73 General History, one unit. American History and Civics, one unit. English History, one unit. Physics, one unit. Chemistry, one unit. Zoology and Botany (combined), one unit. Zoology, one unit. Botany, one unit. Physiography, one unit. Any student who has not had a thorough course in both Arithmetic and U. S. History will be required to complete such work before being permitted to qualify as college Freshman. Students who have prepared for college in any partic- ular course will naturally pursue their work through Col- lege along corresponding lines. The regulations for admission contained in the pre- ceding paragraphs apply to all schools which, a. Have been approved by us; or b. Have been approved by the faculty of the Univer- sity of Michigan; or c. Have supplied us with the evidence that, in extent, quality and completeness of work, the pupil has gained the scholarship and culture required to enter our classes. If the school has received formal approval according to (a) or (b) of this paragraph, we shall admit students directly on their diplomas and certificates. But if the school is not included in one of these classes, and it is desired to enter into relations with Albion College, the course or courses of study must be transmitted to us with such statements in regard to work done as are considered important. This will be preliminary to an adjustment of relations. To be admitted into the College without examination, the student, if coming from a school included in one of the classes (a) or (b), will present his diploma or certifi- cates, together with a letter from the Superintendent or 74 ALBION COLLEGE Principal of the school, informing us that his work has been thoroughly done, that his habits are studious, and that he possesses capacity for genuine scholarship. On the strength of this, he may be immediately classified. If he comes from a school embraced in class (c) he must pre- sent his diploma or school certificates, with a letter from the Superintendent or Principal of the school, certifying to the earnestness and success of his school work. He will then be classified provisionally, according to the tenor of these documents, which classification will be made permanent after a few weeks ' successful study in the in- stitution. Blank forms for the admission of students, with lists of their credits, may be obtained upon application. ADVANCED CREDIT. On account of the exceptional length and fullness of the courses in some of the best high schools, the graduate sometimes finds that he has covered more subjects and done more work than is required for entrance into the best colleges. Such a graduate will be able to get ad- vanced credit for some of the subjects taken by fulfilling the following requirements: — ( 1 ) Applications for advanced standing shall be pre- sented to the chairman of the committee on Advanced Standing, on or before October 31, of the applicant ' s first year in college, — and not thereafter. (2) Applications for advanced standing should be accompanied by an explicit official certificate describing the extent and character of the work done, for which ad- vanced credit is desired. (3) No application for advanced standing will be considered unless accompanied by a letter from the prin- cipal of the high school from which the applicant grad- uated, recommending the granting of the credit desired. (4) No advanced credit will be given unless the stu- YEAR BOOK 75 dent shall have been in college one semester, and shall have done acceptable work in all his classes. Application for advanced standing shall be considered by the committee on Advanced Standing, and its recom- mendations shall be reported to the faculty at the second regular faculty meeting in February. DESCRIPTION OF UNITS. The following descriptive outline indicates the amount of preparation expected in each of the subjects which may be offered as units. ENGLISH. (For reading.) Group I — Two books to be selected. Shakespeare — As You Like It. Shakespeare — Julius Caesar. Shakespeare — The Merchant of Venice. Shakespeare — Twelfth Night. Shakespeare — Henry V. Group II — One book to be selected. Bunyan — The Pilgrim ' s Progress, Part I. Bacon — Essays. The Sir Roger DeCoverley Papers (in the Spectator. ) Franklin — Autobiography. Group III — One book to be selected. Chaucer — Prologue. Spenser — Selections from Faerie Queene. Pope — The Rape of the Lock. Goldsmith — The Deserted Village. Palgrave— Golden Treasury (First Series), Books II and III, with especial attention to Dryden, Collins, Gray, Cowper and Burns. 76 ALBION COLLEGE Group IV — Two books to be selected. Hawthorne — The House of the Seven Gables. Thackeray — Henry Esmond. George Eliot — Silas Marner. Dickens — A Tale of Two Cities. Scott — Ivanhoe. Scott — Quentin Durward. Goldsmith — The Vicar of Wakefield. Mrs. Gaskell — Cranford. Blackmore — Lorna Doone. Group V — Two books to be selected. Emerson — Essays ( Selected ) . Ruskin — Sesame and Lilies. Irving — Sketch Book. Carlyle — Heroes and Hero-Worship. DeQuincey — Joan of Arc and The English Mail Coach. Lamb — Essays of Elia. Group VI — Two books to be selected. Palgrave — Golden Treasury (First Series), Book IV, with especial attention to Wordsworth, Keats and Shelley. Coleridge — The Ancient Mariner. Lowell — The Vision of Sir Launfal. Scott — The Lady of the Lake. Poe — Poems. Tennyson — Gareth and Lynette, Lancelot and Elaine, and the Passing of Arthur. Arnold — Sohrab and Rustum. Byron — Mazeppa and The Prisoner of Chillon. Longfellow — Courtship of Miles Standish. Browning — Cavalier Tunes, The Lost Leader, How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix, Evelyn Hope, Home Thoughts from Abroad, Home Thoughts from the Sea, Incident of the French Camp, The Boy and the Angel, One Word More, Herve Riel, Pheidippides. Macaulay — Lays of Ancient Rome. YEAR BOOK 77 (For study and practice.) Shakespeare — Macbeth. Milton — Lycidas, Comus, L ' Allegro and II Penseroso. Burke — Speech on Conciliation with America, or Washington — Farewell Address, and Webster — First Bunker Hill Oration. Macaulay — Life of Johnson, or Carlyle — Essay on Burns. ENGLISH LITERATURE. The unit in this subject is optional. Stoffard A. Brooke ' s English Literature, or any manual of equal grade, may be used for an outline of the subject. MATHEMATICS. The required units include — A. A co,urse in elementary algrebra, including the fundamental operations involved in factoring, factor the- orem, fractions, simple equations, identities, symmetry, inequalities, exponents, radicals, quadratics, theory and application of graphs, binomial theorem for positive integers, logarithms, proportion, and the progressions. B. The ordinary work of demonstration and con- struction, covering plane, solid and spherical geometry, as given in such texts as those of Beoman and Smith, Wells, and Wentworth. PHYSICS. The required unit in physics includes an amount rep- resented by Carhart and Chute ' s High School Physics, Millikan and Gale ' s First Course in Physics, or Mann and Twiss ' High School Physics. The instruction in the class room should be supplemented by work in the physical laboratory to the extent of one period a week throughout the year. 78 ALBION COLLEGE CHEMISTRY. The unit in chemistry includes an amount of work equivalent to that presented in Remsen ' s Briefer Course in Chemistry. The text book should be accom- panied by laboratory work. PHYSIOGRAPHY. The unit in this subject includes an amount repre- sented by Davis ' Physical Geography, or Tarr ' s New Phy- sical Geography. The text book work should be supple- mented by field excursions, laboratory work, and the general reading of such books as Shaler ' s Outlines of the Earth ' s History, and Aspects of the Earth; Russell ' s Lakes of North America, Glaciers of North America, and Rivers of North America. BOTANY. A course such as is outlined in Bergen ' s Foundations of Botany or Steven ' s Outlines of Botany. This should include at least two double-period laboratory exercises and two recitations per week. The student should obtain some familiarity with the more common plants. Note- books should be kept, with drawings, the same to be pre- sented with other credentials upon entrance. ZOOLOGY. Such a text as French ' s Animal Activities, Jordan and Kellogg ' s Animal Life or Davenport ' s Introduction of Zoology will be acceptable. Laboratory work should cover ten of the following forms or their equivalents: Amoeba, Paramoecium, Hydra, Earthworm, Clam, Snail Crayfish, Grasshopper, Fish, Frog, Bird or Mammal. So far as possible the study should be made from the living animals, noting their habits, adaptations, etc. Notebooks required. YEAR BOOK 79 BIOLOGY. A course made up of selected parts from the above courses. Especial attention should be called to the fun- damental identity of the processes involved in both plant and animal life. Notebooks should cover not only the laboratory work but the conclusions drawn from the class discussions. HISTORY. The units in history are as follows: (1) General History, with a text equivalent to Myers ' General History to the year 800, one unit. (2) U. S. History and Civics, with texts equivalent to McLaughlin ' s History of the American Nation and Boynton ' s School Civics, one unit. (3) English History, one unit. GREEK. The three units in Greek should be made up of the following or their equivalents: — First Year: Completion of a book in Beginning Greek and one book of Anabasis. Second Year. Three books of Anabasis and one book of Homer; drill in Greek prose composition. Third Year: Four books of Homer; drill in Greek prose composition. LATIN. First Year: The completion of a good beginning book, such as that of Collar and Daniel, and the equiva- lent of one-half of Book I of Caesar ' s Commentaries, one unit. 80 ALBION COLLEGE Second Year: The completion of four books of Caesar ' s Commentaries, or the equivalent, and the equiv- alent of one hour a week in Latin composition throughout the year, one unit. Third Year: The completion of six of Cicero ' s Ora- tions (of of them to be the Manilian law), and Latin Com- position equivalent to one hour a week throughout the year, one unit. Fourth Year: The completion of six books of Virgil ' s Aeneid, a review of Latin composition, the study of Latin synonyms and scansion of hexameter verse, one unit. GERMAN. First Year: Drill in German pronunciation; elements of German grammar; translation of simple English into German to fix grammatical rules; reading of at least 150 pages of easy German from Gluck-Auf or Gurber ' s Marchen and Erzahlungen or their equivalent, one unit. Second Year: Review of first year ' s work, Harris ' German Composition or its equivalent; reading of 250 pages of short German stories, such as Immensee, L ' Ar- rabbiata, Das Madchen von Treppi, Waldnonvellen, etc., one unit. Third Year: Review of German grammar and a care- ful study of German syntax; translation from English into German; paraphrasing, abstracts; reading of 450 pages of more difficult pro e and poetry, such as William Tell, Jungfrau v. Orleans, Minna v. Barnhelm, selections from the lyrics of Goethe, Schiller, Heine, etc., one unit. FRENCH. First Year: Pronunciation; inflection of nouns and adjectives; pronouns; regular and irregular verbs; trans- YEAR BOOK 81 lation of easy English into French; translation from French prose into English; reading of such stories as Gurber ' s Contes et Legendes, Toronot ' s Le Tour de La France, etc., one unit. Second Year: Practice in dictation; review of French grammar; study of idiomatic expressions; translations from English into French; reading of such selections as Foncin ' s Le Pays de France, Victor Hugo ' s Les Chati- ments, one unit. CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC The aim of the Albion College Conservatory of Music is to give to its students not only thorough and systematic technical training in the various musical branches, but that higher and broader culture in Christian ethics, both of which are the necessary equipment of those entering upon a professional career, either as solo artists, or teachers. The curriculum of the Conservatory is so planned that all students pursuing its regular courses with a view of becoming either solo artists or teachers may take those theoretical studies having the greatest practical bearing upon their chosen branch. LOCATION AND EQUIPMENT. The Conservatory is located in the South or Chapel Building. The entire building is devoted to the Con- servatory. The rooms for recitations are large, well lighted, well ventilated and well heated. On the second floor is a fine recital hall, with a seating capacity for six hundred people. The equipment of this hall includes a large two manual Hook anrd Hastings pipe organ and concert grand piano, and a spacious stage which every advantage for orchestral and choral concerts, as well as recitals for faculty and students. VOICE CULTURE AND THE ART OF SINGING. OUTLINE OP COURSE. The course in Voice Culture covers from three to four years and embraces the following important points in the art of singing: Correct breathing; Natural and easy production of tone; Proper placing of the voice; Develop- ment and combination of the different registers; Perfect YEAR BOOK 83 enunciation; Legato and sustained singing; Solfeggio; English literature; Pianoforte; Technique; Accompany- ing and Transposition; Theory; Harmony and Musical History; Style and Interpretation; English, Italian, French and German Songs and Arias; The Oratorio; Con- cert Repertoire. PIANOFORTE. OUTLINE OF COURSE. The Pianoforte course is designed to fit the student for a career as solo artist or teacher, and is thorough and systematic in every detail. The theoretical studies required are: Solfeggio, Musi- cal Theory, Harmony and Analysis, Musical History, Counterpoint, Lectures on Orchestral Instruments. Finger Exercises and Scales, Sonatinas, Studies and Pieces by Kulau, Kullak and Clementi. All forms of Technical Exercises, Scales, Arpeggios, Double Thirds, Octaves, Studies by Czerny, Cramer, Clementi. Pieces by Mozart, Haydn, Bach, Schumann, Beethoven, etc. Sight and Ensemble Playing, Memorization. In order that students may acquire breadth and ver- satility in Pianoforte Study they will be required during the course to develop a comprehensive repertoire from the works of the following authors. Bach, Handel, Scarletti, Mozart, Haydn, Clementi, Beethoven, Schubert, Weber, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Liszt, Brahms, Grieg, Tschaikowsky and other modern composers. PEDAL ORGAN. OUTLINE OF COURSE. The requirements for admission to the Organ course are: The completion of the first two years of the Piano- 84 ALBION COLLEGE forte course, or its equivalent. The required theoretical studies are: Solfeggio and Dictation, Musical Theory, Harmony and Analysis, Musical History, Counterpoint, Lectures on Orchestral Instruments, Choir Training and Accompanying. Study of Manual Touch, Pedal Playing, Study of Elementary Registration, Compositions for Church Service and Concert Performance, Improvisation, Practical Service Playing, Concertos and Organ Compositions of the various schools, Score-reading, Art of Conducting. VIOLIN. OUTLINE OF COURSE. Violin Methods by De Beriot, Schradieck and Liste- mann. Studies by Kayser, Kreutzer and others. Solos, Dancla Florillo, Ernst and Leonard. Sonatas, Fantaisies and Concertos by Bach, Handel, Spohr, Mendelssohn, Vieuztemps, Saint Saens and Wieniawski. The course in Violin and other Orchestral Instru- ments is divided into seven grades, and requires from three to four years for its completion. PUBLIC SCHOOL MUSIC. There is no work to which skillful, ambitious teachers can give themselves, which is fraught with such infinite possibilities as work in our Public Schools, since in this delightful environment and at this inspirational period in child life is found the atmosphere in which artistic in- stincts are stirred, poetic genius fired and the sensitive musical nature aroused and developed. YEAR BOOK 85 OUTLINE OF COURSE. Recreation and Rote Songs: Their value, how to teach them; problems of melody, rhythm and tonality — pre- sented and worked out through attractive melodic form versus the so-called Dry Technical Exercise. , LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS ON THE FOLLOWING TOPICS. Psychology of Child Development; Practical Peda- gogy; Care of the Child Voice; Range of the Child Voice; Changing of Voice; Qualifications of the Supervisor; His Relation to Superintendent, Principals and Teachers. The Choral Club: Its place in the music life of the Public School; how to organize and conduct it. Beautiful inspirational music for supplemental study. Art of Teaching. Art of Conducting. All pupils pursuing this course will be required to, at- tend the lectures in Musical History. Certificates will be granted to students completing the course. ADVANTAGES OF STUDY IN A CONSERVATORY. There is undoubtedly a great advantage in college over private instruction. The number of musicians work- ing together without any other matters to take their attention, the number of students working industriously and earnestly together, intent upon attaining the highest proficiency, the exchange of ideas, the concerts, recitals, lectures, etc., all create a musical atmosphere which stim- ulates the student to the highest effort. FREE PRIVILEGES. In Albion Conservatory the students have the advant- age of appearing in recital work. The Philharmonic Club 86 ALBION COLLEGE connected with the Conservatory is free to all students. There is also an orchestra connected with the College, to which all students who are sufficiently advanced are eligible. Weekly rehearsals are held of both chorus and orches- tra. The experience and drill under so eminent a con- ductor as Mr. Cozine are of the greatest value, especially to those preparing for professional work. Musical history free to students taking the full work in the Conservatory. The library, which contains 18,000 volumes and all leading periodicals of the day, is free to the students in the Conservatory. There is a well equipped gymnasium with general in- struction by competent teachers throughout the year, which is free to the students of the Conservatory. TEACHERS ' COURSE. A special normal course has been arranged for stu- dents desiring to obtain a Teacher ' s Diploma in piano- forte, voice and other departments. This diploma ranks the same in merit as that of the Artists ' course, and in- volves the same training during the first years of study. The last year of the Teachers ' course, the student directs his attention mainly toward acquiring the best methods of imparting musical knowledge. In order to make the instruction thoroughly practical, pupils of various grades are utilized, thus affording the normal students the ad- vantage of doing actual teaching under the supervision of an experienced master. The normal training involved in preparing for gradua- tion necessitates at least one year ' s attendance at the Con- servatory. Beginning with the present year, the following new courses will be introduced: First, a Musical Literary Course, cover ing at least two years in the Conservatory, and two years in the College of Liberal Arts, and will be open only to high school graduates. Students pursuing YEAR BOOK 87 this course, may substitute work in the College of Liberal Arts for the second year of Musical Theory. — Second, a Musical Director ' s and Church Music Course. — The liter- ary and theoretical requirements in this, are the same as in the above course. Students taking this, will be required to take at least one year in the Art of Conducting, during which time they will be given practical experience in occasionally conducting the rehearsals o£ the Band, the Saint Cecilia Club, and the Philharmonic Society, under the supervision of the Director of the Conservatory. POST-GRADUATE COURSE. A Post-graduate course has been arranged for grad- uates who, desire to reach a higher standard of excellence. The technical, intellectual and artistic requirements are considerably greater than those for graduation. A prom- inent object in this course is to provide the student artist with a varied repertoire suited to his musical individ- uality and to his needs as a public performer. DIPLOMAS. Diplomas are awarded to, candidates passing the final examination in any of the following departments, namely, pianoforte, voice, pipe organ, musical theory, violin, violoncello and orchestral instruments. Candidates for graduation should present their peti- tions to the Conservatory faculty for consideration at least one year before commencement. SCHOOL OF PAINTING The primary object of this department is to arouse in the pupil a sense of the beautiful, and when that sense has been called forth, to enable him to adequately ex- press it by means of some artistic production. A further object is to conduct the pupil with thoroughness from the simplest rudiments up to a knowledge of the higher branches of art, giving as far as possible, a perfect under- standing of all the work entered upon. It will be seen by reference to the Course of Study in Painting, that the stu- dent receives instruction in the elementary courses of drawing. These can be taken in the class with others who are in this and the Literary department. Then, special and individual attention is given to the study of object drawing, drawing from casts, perspective, land- scape, figure, flower and fruit painting, in oil, water colors and pastel; and to decorative painting and design. The Art department connected with the College adds much to the needed practical side of education. Professor Thompson, of the Worcester Technical Schools, tells us that a boy who spends two hours a week in drawing, and the rest of the time in working at the bench, learns his business faster, and becomes more skill- ful in it, than one who works all the time. ' , Again, It is calculated that the productive efficiency of every ma- chine shop would be increased thirty-three per cent, if every journeyman could read any common working draw- ing and work by it. But it is well known that art study, besides having tangible value in its relation to manufacture, is designed to promote improvement in taste. The highest and best purpose of any attainment is that which ministers to the intellectual and spiritual wants of man. A work of art is the harmonious and beautiful ar- rangement of certain lines, spaces and colors. In order that the ingenuity and originality of the student, as well YEAR BOOK 89 as his appreciation of the beautiful, may be fostered, he is required to study composition which deals entirely with such arrangements. The sketch class works out of doors in the Fall and Spring, and during the Winter a life sketch class is con- ducted. Landscape study from nature is much more easily and agreeably accomplished here at Albion than in the large cities as the College buildings are located near the open country, and many beautiful scenes are found along the Kalamazoo River, not a quarter of a mile from the studio. As far as possible, the instruction in this department is individual, thereby insuring to each pupil a greater amount of attention than could be given in class work. Students or pupils outside the College may enter at any time during the year by making special arrangements with the head of the department. METHOD AND SCOPE OF WORK. Fifteen hours per week. Course I. — Beginning with outline drawing in char- coal from simple objects. Course II. — Drawing in charcoal from simple casts, cubes, spheres, etc., with instruction in perspective. Course III. — Outlining and shading from casts of dif- ferent parts of the human figure, and perspective talks. Course IV. — Drawing from still life and simple casts, in charcoal. Course V. — Head and figure antique cast work. Course VI. — Full length antique figure work. Still life color work. Course VII. — Antique work. Charcoal work from nature. Course VIII. — Color and black and white work from nature. Course IX. — Color work from nature, and black and white work from living models. 90 ALBION COLLEGE Course X. — Color work from living models. Composition is absolutely required. Illustration will be given to five or more pupils. Theory of Art. — Comparative Aesthetics with lectures on color, composition, tone values and the different media employed in painting. NORMAL COURSE. In connection with the Art department Miss Woolsey has established a course of normal training for teachers, which will include the drawing taught in the public schools. She has had experience as supervisor of drawing in the Saginaw West Side Schools for fifteen years, having seventy to eighty teachers under her supervision. This department is organized for teachers who wish to make a thorough study of color, form and drawing, also, blackboard illustrating. THE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS Is located in pleasant and well equipped rooms, oc- cupying the first floor in the North College building. The object of this department is two-fold: 1. It gives to all who may wish to engage in busi- ness pursuits an opportunity to fit themselves in the most practical manner possible. 2. It affords an opportunity to students in other de- partments, at their option, to take some work in the Busi- ness or Shorthand courses, thereby enabling them to meet every-day business problems intelligently and enlarging their possibilities for remunerative employment. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. Anyone with good moral character and sufficient ability to pursue the prescribed studies can enter at any time and pursue any study he desires. The instruction in bookkeeping, penmanship, shorthand, typewriting, etc., is largely individual, and so may be taken up with profit at any time. CHARACTER AND SURROUNDINGS. The school affords, in every respect, a thorough ade- quate, modern business training. Capable instructors devote their entire attention to the interests of its stu- dents. As a department of Albion College, it offers rare opportunities, such as attendance at College Literary societies, high class musicals and lectures, the use of a well equipped gymnasium and a library of twenty thou- sand volumes, membership in the Y. W. C. A. or Y. M. C. A., and the wholesome moral influence of association with the earnest young people which the college attracts. The School of Business is a strong commercial school and a morally safe place for young people. 92 ALBION COLLEGE COURSES OF STUDY. BUSINESS COURSE. First Semester. Second Semester. Bookkeeping and Business Bookkeeping and Business Practice. Practice. Commercial Arithmetic. Commercial Arithmetic. Rapid Calculations. Correspondence. Penmanship. Spelling. Spelling. Typewriter Billing. Commercial Geography. Commercial Law. Typewriting. SHORTHAND COURSE First Semester. Second Semester. Shorthand. Typewriting. Spelling. Penmanship. Rapid Calculations. Letter Filing. Shorthand. Typewriting. Spelling. Correspondence. Bookkeeping and Billing. Mimeographing. COMBINED COURSE. First Semester. Second Semester. Bookkeeping and Business Practice. Shorthand. Typewriting. Penmanship. Spelling. Rapid Calculations. Bookkeeping and Business Practice. Shorthand. Typewriting. Correspondence. Spelling. Billing. YEAR BOOK 93 ACTUAL BUSINESS BOOKKEEPING. We use the Actual Business method from the start. A student must meet office conditions to learn them. He cannot imagine transactions — he must do them. On en- tering he is given a cash capital and takes his place in a business community. He opens his books in his own name, using the current date. He then goes to the bank, kept by one of the students, signs signature book, deposits his capital and receives his book of checks and pass book. He next purchases his books and stationery, and pays his rent a t the real estate office, by his personal check receiv- ing his lease in due form, after which he orders his stock of goods represented by small cards, from one of the wholesale houses in another city. On receipt of his stock of goods, he is notified, pays freight, signs expense bill, takes his goods and receipt, and proceeds to trade with his fellow students, as directed in his routine, executing all papers as in real business. In order to carry on our work, the school is provided with BANKING, COMMISSION, TRANSPORTATION AND WHOLESALING facilities. In this department the student is given work to do and is advanced from time to time until he has filled the various positions in each. The subordinate positions vacated by him as he is advanced are recruited from the elementary class. To carry on this work successfully, we have our office department provided with large office books, necessary blanks, letter-press, etc. The work in various offices the student finds exceedingly interesting and profitable to him. The responsible positions in which he is placed from time to time in each, teach him the many responsibilities falling upon those who are engaged in positions in real business. BUSINESS ARITHMETIC. The object of this course is to enable the student to obtain not merely a correct theoretical knowledge of the 94 ALBION COLLEGE subject, but to make a practical application of arithmetic to the various branches of commerce. BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE. To conduct successfully the correspondence of a busi- ness concern requires study and experience. Special at- tention is given to a terse, forceful style of expression. COMMERCIAL LAW. The law of contracts, commercial paper, agency, part- nership, corporations, sales, public service companies, and insurance, with reference to the legal rights and liabilities arising in the conduct of business. SHORTHAND DEPARTMENT. The demand by business concerns, literary men and women, etc., for young men and women to act as stenog- raphers and typists, is constantly increasing. We teach both of these branches most thoroughly in our business department. We shall hereafter offer two systems of shorthand — the Graham as the principle one and the Gregg as repre- senting the light line systems. It is very desirable for shorthand teachers to have a knowledge of both systems. Four-fifths of the persons who apply to us for stenog- raphers and typists desire some one who is a good, plain writer and can assist as bookkeeper and in other office work. Hence it is greatly to one ' s advantage to pursue the study of shorthand and typewriting in a school where thorough instruction in bookkeeping, business forms, pen- manship and office methods may be received at the same time. Business men and others desiring the services of stenographers demand that they have a thorough knowl- edge of the English branches. We have excellent facilities for giving thorough instruction, to those who need it, in all of these branches without extra charge to the student. SPEED CLASS. Our classification is such that persons who have mastered the principles of shorthand, through self-study, YEAR BOOK 95 or who are writers of kindred systems can be placed in such classes as will meet their needs and insure their ad- vancement. We will admit into our Speed Class students of Pitman, Munson, Longley, Haven, and other varieties of shorthand and give them valuable aid without requir- ing them to change their style of writing. TYPEWRITING. Special care and attention are given to the students in this work under the direction of an expert operator. Each student is assigned a definite amount of work until a cer- tain proficiency is reached with ability to handle and rapidly execute the various requirements of office work. He is also thoroughly instructed in the proper use and care of the machine. We use only standard machines in our school; Remington, Underwood and Smith-Premier have the preference. We teach the latest method — the Touch System. The work in Grammar, Correspondence and Spelling is the same as outlined in the regular Commercial Course. A short course in Bookkeeping is recommended for shorthand students. There is no extra charge. DIPLOMA AND POSITION. Upon the satisfactory completion of the prescribed Business or Shorthand course, the student is granted a diploma. We do not guarantee positions to our gradu- ates, but we always take pleasure in recommending or aiding a worthy student, who is well qualified, in every effort to secure a situation. There is an increasing de- mand for amanuenses and bookkeepers who are willing to work, and one who thoroughly prepares himself is sure of obtaining profitable employment; in fact, we stand ready to assist such to a position. We have, during the past year, assisted many of our students to positions, and could have located many more had we possessed the proper material. EXPENSES. For rates of tuition, see table of expenses. 96 ALBION COLLEGE BOOKS AND STATIONERY. The books and stationery required for the Commercial course cost about $8 to $10. For the Shorthand and Typewriting, about $4 to $6. The Penmanship course will require only a few quires of good paper, pens and ink, that will cost but a small sum. We request all persons who contemplate entering a school of this kind to call on us, inspect the workings of the school, or write us before making a final decision. Address Geo. L. Griswold, Principal, Albion, Mich. BUSINESS MAN ' S COLLEGE COURSE. Owing to the increasing demand in the business world for college-trained young men, the faculty of Albion Col- lege has instituted a three years ' course, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Commercial Science. It is generally conceded that if all business men were thoroughly trained in the underlying principles involved in commer- cial activities, those who find it necessary to go into bank- ruptcy would be comparitively few. COMMERCIAL TEACHERS. There is a large field in high schools, colleges and business schools for well-equipped commercial teachers. Such teachers readily find remunerative positions. This course is designed also as a preparation for commercial teaching. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. Candidates for Diploma from the Business Man ' s Course should have had a four year ' s high school course, or equivalent. Applicants eighteen years old, or above, however, may pursue the part of the course for which they are prepared while making necessary preparation in the preparatory department for the remainder. Students not high school graduates should present a detailed state- ment of training and business experience. YEAR BOOK THE COURSE. First Year. 97 1. 2, English German, French or College Algrebra Bookkeeping 1 Arithmetic Penmanship 3 4 4 4 English German, French or Trigonometry Bookkeeping Arithmetic Correspondence 3 4 4 4 Second Year. 1. 2. English, German or French Banking and Cost Accounting Shorthand and Typewriting Commercial Geography 4 3 5 3 English, German or French Auditing and Adv. Accounting Shorthand and Typewriting Commercial Law 4 3 5 3 Third Year. 1. 2. English, German or French Economics Physics or Chemistry Business Administration 4 4 4 3 English, German or French Money, Banking and Finance Physics or Chemistry Normal Training Mechanical Drawing 4 3 4 2 2 Ten hours ' credit in Economics may be substituted for Shorthand and Typewriting. Ninety hours credit will be required for graduation. 98 ALBION COLLEGE ADVANCED STANDING. Students who have satisfactorily completed subjects in the Business and Shorthand courses will receive appro- priate credit. Certified credit at other colleges in work essentially equivalent to this course will be similarly credited. High school credits in Bookkeeping will not be accepted unless complete sets of books are presented. OPPORTUNITIES. Commercial teaching is the open field for teachers. The demand is always active at good salaries. A graduate of this course can soon command a high salary as ac- countant, auditor, manager, cost keeper, newspaper re- porter, or expert reporter. The extra time given to prep- aration will prove a wise investment. He will be able to start at a higher salary in a better position, to advance rapidly and attain to the highest positions in the com- mercial world. GRADUATION. Candidates for Diploma must have completed ninety hours ' work in a satisfactory manner; Diplomas will be granted only upon merit. The degree B. C. S., Bachelor of Commercial Science, will be conferred upon those who come with, or make up, entrance requirements equivalent to those of the literary department, and complete the subsequent work satisfactorily. We have prepared a special prospectus of the Busi- ness Man ' s Course, describing in detail the work required and containing other matter of much interest to those who are contemplating preparation for teaching or posi- tions as higher accountants. Ask for it, if interested. EXPENSES Matriculation fee, paid but once $ 5.00 Incidental fee, per semester 15.00 Athletic fee, per semester 1.50 Graduation fee, Literary Department 10.00 Graduation fee, Conservatory or Art 6.00 Graduation fee, Business 5.00 FOR MASTER ' S DEGREE. Enrollment fee $10.00 Examination fees, Major 15.00 Examination fees, Minor, each 5.00 Diploma fee 10.00 NORMAL COURSE. Tuition for the course, if paid in advance $ 6.00 If paid as work is taken — for whole course 8.00 CONSERVATORY OP MUSIC. Piano,, Organ and Voice. The tuition fees are as follows for each Semester: — Mr. Cozine — Two lessons per we ek (thirty minutes) $45.00 One lesson per week (thirty minutes) 25.00 Mr. Columbus — Two lessons per week (thirty minutes) $45.00 One lesson per week (thirty minutes) 25.00 Other Instructors — Two lessons per week (thirty minutes) $38.00 One lesson per week (thirty minutes) 20.00 Orchestral and Band Instruments. Two lessons per week (thirty minutes) $38.00 One lesson per week (thirty minutes) 20.00 100 ALBION COLLEGE Public School Music. — Harmony and Counterpoint. Two lessons per week, in class $10.00 Organ rent, one hour daily, with power 15.00 An incidental fee of fifty cents per semester will be charged all Conservatory students to defray the expenses of Artists ' Recitals. Philharmonic Society. ) Saint Cecelia Club. I Free. College Band and Orchestra. SCHOOL OP PAINTING. Incidentals, per semester $ 5.00 Instruction three hours daily, per semester 30.00 Instruction two hours daily, per semester 23.00 Instruction one hour daily, per semester 15.00 SCHOOL OF BUSINESS. Business Course, per semester $30.00 Shorthand Course, per semester 30.00 Business-shorthand Course, per semester 40.00 Use of typewriter, per semester 2.50 Besides the regular courses there will be classes to accommodate those from other departments who wish to take special work as follows: — Bookkeeping, per semester, five hours a week. . . .$10.00 Penmanship, per semester, five hours per week. . . 5.00 Penmanship, per semester, three hours per week. . 4.00 Commercial Arithmetic, per semester, five hours. . 6.00 Commercial Geography, per semester, three hours per week 6.00 Commercial Law, per semester, three hours a week 6.00 Typewriting, per semester, five hours a week 5.00 Typewriting, per semester, ten hours a week 9.00 Shorthand, alone, per semester, five hours a week (for college students) 10.00 NOTICE: — The Board of Trustees, at their June, 1910, meeting, will consider and may adopt a modification of the fees, making the incidental fee in the Literary Department $20.00 per semester, omitting the Athletic fee, and fixing a $3.00 per semester fee for the Conservatory, Art and Busi- ness Departments. GENERAL STATEMENTS No part of incidentals or tuition in any department is refunded when student leaves before the end of the sem- ester, unless by special arrangement. Payment of incidentals entitles the student to the use of the Gymnasium and instruction in gymnastics, use of bath, etc., without additional charge. The following points are worth noting: 1. Some students find opportunities for manual labor by which they defray expenses of board in part or in full. 2. Very largely students form boarding clubs, in con- nection with which the cost is about $2.50 a week. These clubs are managed on a principle to secure excellent board at something below usual rates. 3. Board costs in private families usually about two dollars and fifty cents a week, in some places less than this. Rooms are provided at fifty to seventy-five cents a week. THE EMPLOYMENT BUREAU. For several years a systematized effort has been made to provide work for students desiring it. Through the kindly co-operation of people in the city, employment has been given to, a considerable number of students. All students desiring employment should register or corre- spond with the committee as early as possible. There are no fees charged by the bureau. The members of the committee are Professors Frederic S. Goodrich and Delos Fall and Mrs. Helen K. Scripps. APPOINTMENT COMMITTEE. The faculty undertakes to serve our students and es- pecially members of the graduating class in the matter of securing suitable positions. To this end an appointment 1 02 ALBION COLLEGE committee has been designated and this committee will endeavor to ascertain the existence of vacancies and to bring together school officers in search of suitable teachers and candidates whom the committee can recommend as qualified to fill the given positions. The chairman of the committee is Professor Delos Fall. CLOSING EXAMINATIONS. 1. Except by special arrangement approved by vote of the faculty, all students must be present at examina- tions and the closing recitations of the semester, or no credit will be given for the work pursued. 2. Students absenting themselves from the closing or examination work will not, unless such absence was caused by sickness or other unavoidable conditions, be allowed to take the omitted examinations until they occur in regular order with the next class. 3. All conditions or incompletes must be removed within a year from the date of the examination in order to obtain credit without again taking the work in class. ATTENDANCE. 1. Persons coming to Albion for the purpose of en- tering any department of the College are subject to its government from the time of their arrival; and whenever a student has entered College, he is under its jurisdiction until his connection is formally closed by graduation or otherwise. 2. Uninterrupted attendance upon College duties during term time is required. Under ordinary circum- stances visiting home or friends is discouraged. 3. No student is permitted to leave town without permission of the President or Dean. YEAR BOOK 103 CHAPEL SERVICE. On each school day, religious services are held in the College Chapel, which all students are required to attend. Disregard of this regulation works forfeiture of member- ship in the institution. Aside from the benefits to be de- rived from these devotional services, the students have an opportunity each day to meet the President and Faculty for guidance in their work. The unity of movement and the largest efficiency in the prosecution of their studies cannot be secured without the daily convening of all the students. CHURCH ATTENDANCE. On Sunday morning, students are required to attend public worship at such church as they or their parents or guardians may select, and each student is expected to be uniform in his attendance at the church of his choice. On Thursday evening is held the general weekly prayer-meet- ing, which, though a voluntary service, is attended by a majority of the students. SOCIETIES. No literary or other society can exist in connection with the institution, unless by permission granted after the constitution and by-laws of the same shall have been submitted to the Faculty for examination, and shall have received their approval. Whenever the workings of any society shall be deemed prejudicial to the interests of the institution, such society shall be dissolved. The times and places of the meetings of the societies will be subject to regulation by the Faculty; and all meet- ings, whether of secular societies or any other bo,dy of students, shall be open for the attendance of any member of the Faculty or of the Board of Trustees. 104 ALBION COLLEGE No society in the College may invite any lecturer to address them in public until the name of the proposed lecturer shall have been laid before the President, and he shall have given permission to extend the invitation. There are seven literary societies connected with the College, the Eclectic and Atheniaeds Society, the Sorosis, the Zetalethian, the Forum, the Pierian, the Sigma Theta, and the Delphic. These organizations are expected to do work up to the grade of College culture, — essays, orations, debates, literary criticism. ORATORICAL COMMITTEE. The Oratorical committee is composed of two mem- bers from each literary society, one from each fraternity and sorority, and two members of the faculty. This organization, consisting of twenty-two members, is re- sponsible for the College oratorical and debating interests, and has in charge the annual Mock Congress and such other interests as concern the work of literary societies. CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS. I. — The Young Men ' s Christian Association was organ- ized several years ago, and is having a vigorous life. It offers a splendid opportunity for all young men in the College to secure religious instruction and Christian growth, and to do personal religious work. The Young Woman ' s Christian Association furnishes similar opportunities for young women. The associations have a large and well furnished room in Robinson Hall. II. — In addition to the Bible instruction given by the Faculty, six or eight courses are offered during the year in each association. In these classes over two hundred students are enrolled. Most prominent among these YEAR BOOK 105 courses are Studies in the Life of Christ, under Professor Goodrich. Other courses offered are Studies in the Psalms, Prophesies, Acts and the Gospels. Very helpful in the training of Christian workers are the Bible training classes in metho ( ds. III. — Careful attention is given to the study of mis- sions. A mission class is maintained throughout the year, in which excellent courses in the History and Methods of Missions and in Missionary Biography are pursued. To supply the needs of these classes, each association sends from two to five students to the Lake Geneva Summer School for special training. The Mission Band consists of volunteers, who propose to enter the foreign work. The social work of the associations is by no means a small feature. At the opening of the school year all trains are met by committees from each association, and all possible assistance is given in securing rooms and board, enrolling, etc. The Association information bureau seeks to give all needed information to new students. The asso- ciations are strictly interdenominational, thoroughly and practically Christian, and genuinely helpful. CO-OPERATIVE ASSOCIATION. One of the greatest items of expense to a college stu- dent is books. He must read much and read thoroughly. In order to do this well he must not depend on borrowed books, but must have books of his own to which he may refer frequently. The Albion College Co-operative Association was or- ganized December, 1893, for the purpose of furnishing text-books and all other books to the students, Faculty and alumni at reduced rates. From the first, the association has had phenomenal success. It has reduced the price of books from ten to forty per cent, and at the same time has been put upon a 106 ALBION COLLEGE firm, paying basis. During the short time it has been do- ing business it has sold $50,000 worth of books, all of which have been sold directly to the students and mem- bers of the Faculty. There is a growing tendency on the part of the stu- dents to form libraries of standard books, and thus their work in the class room is greatly facilitated. Any book may be procured through the association, whether it is kept in stock or not. We have at present seven hundred and fifty members. Upon the purchase of eight dollars worth of books, any student or former student is entitled to life membership, with all the privileges attaching thereunto, including dis- count upon all books purchased. HONORS, CLASS OF 1909 Valedictorian — Frank M. Field. Salutatorian — Elizabeth Carey. HONOR LIST. Each instructor is permitted to report to the Registrar an honor student out of every twenty, or major fraction thereof, pursuing a given subject. It is the duty af the Registrar to receive these reports, reduce them to a com- mon basis and furnish the President on Commencement Day with the names of the ten who stand highest on the list. During the college year of 1908-09 there were 68 students in the four college classes who were reported for honors by the various instructors. The ten standing high- est on the list were announced on Commencement Day, 1909. Their names are given below, arranged in alpha- betical order. Bacon, Mabel C Grand Rapids. Bush, C. Rollin Bay City. Evans, Robert G Coldwater. Field, Frank M Mason. Gillett, Buelah Albion. Large, Samuel W Bellaire. Lutz, Gretchen Albion. Masten, Bernice La Grange, Ind. Mathewson, Louis Mancelona. Ransom, Glenn D Quincy. CANDIDATES FOR GRADUATION DEGREE OF A. M. Freeman, Clytus A. DEGREE OF A. B. Allman, Russell V. Ball, A. Bruce Barry, Florence Brown, Lillian Bush, C. Rollin Carr, Adeline A. England, Grace A. Evans, Oren F. Fitch, Frank L. Foster, Laurence Freeman, Otis W. Fritz, Lola Goodwin, Levi P. Grant, Lee Greene, Aldie Ross Hayes, Earl C. Hicks, George Giles Hollinshead, Kenneth J. Jefferis, Angelina Jeffery, George A. Jillson, George Kimball, LeRoy E. Knickerbocker, Clifford K. Leeman, Matilda Longman, Marion W. Macdonald, Jean Masten, Bernice Mathewson, Louis McKale, James Fred McOmber, Hazel Miller, Carrie Moore, Floyd W. Owen, Chester Perrott, James C. Putnam, Mark E. Ranger, Genevieve Robinson, Gipsy Rood, Mary R. Saxton, Frank Edward Saxton, Harry T. Smith, J. Clifford Squire, Earl C. Starr, Floyd E. Vandercook, Dell C. Wade, Herbert V. Weage, Lena E. Wesbrook, Arthur E. Wightman, Ruby DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF MUSIC. Fall, Florence Wesbrook, Arthur E. YEAR BOOK CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC. 109 PIANO. Armstrong, Harriet Ogden, Hazel A. Desmond, Martha M. Smith, R. Eva Dimond, Carrie F. Wellman, Edna E. Woodfield, Madeline E. VOICE. Collier, Ethel M. Salisbury, Myra Fall, Florence Weeks, Frances A. Iden, Genevieve F. Wellman, Edna E. Wesbrook, Arthur E. ORGAN. Woodfield, Madeline E. PUBLIC Baker, Ruth E. Black, Merle B. Caldwell, Beulah Collier, Ethel M. Comstock, Juliet B. DeOme, Lura L. Hamilton, Lura N. Hill, Florence B. Iden, Genevieve F. Matteson, Roma SCHOOL MUSIC. Metz, Louise Newcomer, Susie M. Ramsay, Mary Salisbury, Myra C. Schenck, S. Lucile Seelye, Erma L. Sisson, Gladys B. Slade, Lucy Wartman, Eunice Wilson, M. Coral Woodfield, Madeline E. ART DEPARTMENT. ART COURSE. Griffin, Gladys Hurley, Amber NORMAL COURSE. Wartman, Eunice Way, Hazel M. no ALBION COLLEGE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS. BUSINESS COURSE. Bailey, Root D. Hills, Frank Bangham, Harry McRitchie, Kenneth Hands, Feleneice O ' Dell, Carson E. Strong, Ralph W. BUSINESS SHORTHAND. Boysen, George Burt, John Correll, Ovid M. Cramton, Altha Graves, Mabel Gregory, Avron Kempton, Elfrieda Lewis, Mildred Norton, Grace Savage, May Kimball, Erta Osborne, Marguerite Pollock, Milton White, Mabel STENOGRAPHY. Schumacher, Minnie Sco,tt, Hazel Slack, Mrs. Grace Slowey, Eugene Taylor, Lillian Welch, Mildred Wickham, Julia CANDIDATES FOR STATE TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. Allman, Russell V. Barry, Florence Brown, Lillian Carr, Adeline A. England, Grace A. Fitch, Frank L. Fritz, Lola Frost, Benjamin S. Gildart, Estella Cross Grant, Lee Jefferis, Angelina Jillson, George Leeman, Matilda Macdonald, Jean Masten, Bernice McKale, J. Fred. McOmber, Hazel Miller, Carrie Moore, Floyd W. Ranger, Genevieve Robinson, Gipsy Squire, Earl C. Weage, Lena E. Wightman, Ruby YEAR BOOK 1 1 1 PURSUING POST GRADUATE STUDIES. Freeman, Clytus A Sherwood. COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS. SENIORS. Allman, Russell V Kingston. Ball, A. Bruce Mason. Barry, Florence Bennington. Brown, Lillian Alto. Brown, William Edgar Grass Lake. Bush, C. Rollin Bay City. Carr, Adeline A Howard City. England, Grace A Detroit. Evans, Oren F Albion. Fitch, Frank L Byron Center. Foster, Laurence Albion. Freeman, Otis W Otsego. Fritz, Lola Cass City. Goodwin, Levi P Birmingham. Grant, Lee Albion. Greene, Aldie Ross. . ■ Albion. Hayes, Earl C Deland, 111. Hicks, George Giles Jackson. Hollinshead, Kenneth J Port Clinton, O. Jefferis, Angelina Stevensville. Jeffery, George A Kingston. Jillson, George South Haven. Kimball, LeRoy E Albion. Knickerbocker, Clifford K Albion. Leeman, Matilda Manchester. Longman, Marion W Climax. Macdonald, Jean Mason. Masten, Bernice LaGrange, Ind. Mathewson, Louis Mancelona. McKale, James Fred Lansing. 112 ALBION COLLEGE McOmber, Hazel Niles. Miller, Carrie Marshall. Moore, Floyd W Moscow. Owen, Chester Vassar. Perrott, James C Pulaski. Putnam, Mark E Ovid. Ranger, Genevieve Battle Creek. Robinson, Gipsy Albion. Rood, Mary R Albion. Saxton, Frank Edward Albion. Saxton, Harry T Albion. Smith, J. Clifford Albion. Squire, Earl C Vickeryville. Starr, Floyd E Battle Creek. Vandercook, Dell C Mason. Wade, Herbert V Litchfield. Weage, Lena E Coldwater. Wesbrook, Arthur E Byron Center. Wightman, Ruby Fenville. JUNIORS. Adams, Merrill C Ishpeming. Bechtel, Vera Detroit. Blanchard, Arthur Sand Lake. Brown, Prentiss St. Ignace. Carlyon, Edward Iron Mountain. Carpenter, Ruby Pellston. Clifford, Harry H . Union City. Coates, Belle Morris. Coates, Francis Morris. Cross, Preston A Albion. Davis, Ward Albion. Donigan, Horace F Millington. Evans, Edna Coldwater. Evans, Robert Coldwater. Fitch, Albert Byron Center. French, C. Wallace Muskegon. Frost, Benjamin S Eckf ord. YEAR BOOK 113 Gildart, Ralph Albion. Gillett, Beula Albion. Harrison, Grace M Mt. Pleasant. Howell, Clarence V Gagetown. Ketcham, Edith M South Haven. Leeson, Emma E Manchester. Lord, Roy C Charlotte. Luther, Edward T Lake Odessa. Mcintosh, L. Minnie Romeo. McUmber, Zora Charlotte. Miller, Anna Mae Parma. Miller, Charles R Wyandotte. Miller, Lyle H Athens. Newcomer, Edna Monroe. Olson, Oscar T Paw Paw. Owen, Edith C Orion. Patterson, Vera C Albion. Pimlott, Francis W Detroit. Sackett, Robert Eckford. Smith, Lucius L Jackson. Spence, Jesse Detroit. Stewart, Leroy W Lowell. Strong, P. Harry Battle Creek. Swanson, John Kenneth Wyandotte. Taylor, Lefa Hazel Lawrence. Tonkin, Ethel A Caro. Tyrrell, H. Irene Conneaut, O. Van Wagoner, Ethel M Lansing. Wheatley, Marshall A Gladwin. Woo.dson, Mary E Michigan City, Ind. Worthington, Plorine Hartford. SOPHOMORES. Adams, Gwendolen H Ishpeming. Baker, Ethel R Albion. Baker, Mary Albion. Ball, Bernice A Mason. Bemer, Clarence W Albion. 1 1 4 ALBION COLLEGE Binns, Carl Addison. Boyer, Edward S Bangor. Broxholm, John W Albion. Carlyon, Katherine Iron Mountain. Cater, Maude Aileen Albion. Clancy, R. Paul Albion. Clark, Fred E . . . . Albion. Crawford, Genevieve Eaton Rapids. DeCou, Albert H Flint. Doty, Mabel E Albion. Exelby, Frances Britton. Folks, Maude Pulaski. Furman, Hazel Wixom. Griffin, Stuart Napoleon. Harrison, Fred Armada. Hartt, George W Albion. Hendricks, Emily B South Haven. Henderson, Ralph R St. Johns. Higley, Maurice Y Lapeer. Hollinshead, Melvin A Port Clinton, O. Howe, Stanley H Howell. Hudnutt, Dean Hanover. Hume, Martin C Lansing. Iddings, Dorothy Charlevoix. Jelsch, John Romeo. Karr, Harrison Durand. Kelly, Gladys H Marshall. Kersey, George Edy ' s Mills, Ont. Laberteaux, Laura E Niles. LaForge, Lulu M Saginaw. Lampman, Fred E Lake City. Lee, Jay L Bay City. Lomprey, Ivan L Detroit. McKenney, Hazel Byron Center. McRae, M. Mae Petoskey. Moon, Floyd L Monroe. Moore, Margera H Albion. Nelles, Claude M Albion. YEAR BOOK 115 Newcomer, Susie Marie Monroe. Ogden, Robert N Augusta. Osborne, George R Sterling. Ostrander, Russell P Lansing. Packard, Ivan Grand Rapids. Peterson, Ralph L Decatur. Pettibone, Ethel M Albion. Roberts, Riggie R Gladwin. Sanford, Marena Charlotte. Sessions, Harold P Benton Harbor. Shattuck, Mark E Pontiac. Smith, Ned R Albion. Stealey, Stanley A Charlotte. Stone, Ruth A Hopkins. Sturtevant, Rhoda A Owosso. Thatcher, Margaret Capac. Tubbs, Edna E Charlotte. Voightlander, Gertrude Albion. White, Olive G Union Mills, Ind. Young, Harry H Benton Harbor. FRESHMEN. Allen, Viva Clinton. Baker, Claude F Townley. Bean, Warren J Albion. Bickford, Lila A Rockland. Bird, Vernon E Williamston. Brewer, Chester H Flint. Brown, Mildred C Albion. Buchanan, Edna I. Albion. Carmichael, Arleen V Hudson. Cheney, Mina S Adrian. Connolly, Roy T Detroit. Cook, Arthur E Kendalls. Cooley, Mabel L Charlotte. Cooper, Stuart F Marengo. Crawford, Elmer S Milford. 1 1 6 ALBION COLLEGE Cronk, Leon E Bellevue. Cryderman, Earl C Millington. Cryderman, Mertie Millington. Davis, Jehiel S Concord. Dean, George W Parma. DeCou, Marguerite C Orion. Desmond, Martha M Albion. Dickie, Brockway Albion. Doty, Anna E Grand Ledge. Ellinger, Henry W Albion. Emmons, Owen Albion. English, Elbert L Pontiac. English, Kenneth L Pontiac. Eveland, Augusta E Mayville. Fallass, Charles H Petoskey. Field, Florence E Flint. Field, Nellie Flint. Finlay, Hazel Battle Creek. French, H. Marguerite Muskegon. French, Ward A East Tawas. Funk, L. D Athens. Ganka, Jay J Battle Creek. Gibbs, Mildred S Albion. Gilbert, Crystal May Albion. Gleason, Hazel L Marshall. Granger, Howard Albion. Hagen, Florence M Lake Linden. Hart, Carl Albion. Harton, William C Albion. Hicks, Walter W Coloma. Hill, Florence B Cass City. Hill, Hazel G Oneiche, N. Y. Hodge, Myra M Pontiac. Hubert, Dean G Parma. Huckle, Arthur W St. Clair. liughes, Vivian I Marshall. Iddings, Constance Charlevoix. YEAR BOOK 117 Jeffrey, Bessie M Kalamazoo. Jennings, Morley Albion. Jeynes, Fred G Detroit. Kirkpatrick, Grace M Unionville. LaFranier, Kate B Bay City. Lamb, Burley F Hillsdale. Letts, Willard F Flint. Lewis, Clayton A Lamb. Lewis, Pierce Ionia. Lindsey, Mary E Otsego. Loucks, Blanche H Grand Rapids. Luck, Blanche H St. Clair. Luther, Earl O Lake Odessa. Madison, Orin E Ovid. Marker M. Iva Edenville. Martin, Morris Albion. Mayne F. Cleland Charlevoix. McAra, Grace Davison. Mechem, Leland Battle Creek. Melson, Lou H Big Rapids. Merrill, Ernest J Flint. Miller, Bessie E Albion. Miller, William A Sturgis. Moore, Josephine M Grand Rapids. Morehouse, Edna F Jackson. Myers, Clarence R Caro. Nagle, Dow D Albion. Owen, Ruth A Detroit. Packard, Frances E Grand Rapids. Parker, Ruth E Howell. Pasmoxe, D. Fred Ortonville. Pilcher, Raymond Albion. Pinkerton, Mildred E. R Detroit. Pollock, Milton Milan. Pope, Delia R. F Mt. Pleasant. Randall, Eloise C Albion. Reed, Star M Coldwater. 118 ALBION COLLEGE Reilley, Millie Bellaire. Rinehart, Clayton N Scottville. Robinson, Harold H Manistee. Rulison, Esther P Flint. Russell, Luella G Bay City. Saxton, Mabel C Battle Creek. Sluyter, John B Towanda, Pa. Smith, Cora L Preesoil. Smith, Marion J Freesoil. Spike, H. Victor Gladwin. Sproat, Howard E Grand Rapids. Steere, A. Prudence Crystal. Stephenson, Clarence E Shelby. Stinchcomb, Florence A Marshall. Strong, J. Stoughton Albion. Trese, Aletta Bay City. Tubbs, Glenna G Charlotte. Tubbs, Lulu L Charlotte. Van Patten, Dewitt Litchfield. Vernor, Richard E Detroit. Wang, Su-i Chinkiang, China. Wartman, Eunice Albion. Wells, Elton D Berrien Springs. Wetherby, Baron R South Chilson. White, George I Marshall. Whitmer, Hattie M Burr Oak. Wiegman, Paul J Holt. Wilbur, Ralph G Albion. Wilcox, Ina J Battle Creek. Williams, Mildred B Marshall. Wilson, George H Kalamo. Wilson, Wm. Harold Winthrop Harbor, 111. Wolcott, Fern J Hanover. Wolfe, Grace H Milf ord, Pa. Wood, Alva G East Tawas. Wright, Ida L Albion. Wunch, Ida A Grand Rapids. YEAR BOOK 119 SPECIAL STUDENTS, COLLEGE RANK. Evans, Harriet E Coldwater. Reiff, Leo F Owosso. Riehl, Evangeline M .Augusta. Stokes, Byron D Union City. Weston, Glennie G Battle Creek. PREPARATORY. Aberle, Alvin J Detroit. Addington, Charles C Central Lake. Baker, Earl M Laporte. Bellairs, Hugh W Sturgis. Bowen, Mearl H Union City. Colbridge, William H Bay City. Conrad, Charles E Albion. Dunham, Mildred A Albion. Elliott, Bernice Crystal Valley. Ely, Clarence R Highland Park. Fisher, Howard St. Johns. Flannagan, Nell M Iron Mountain. Forsythe, Stanley Detroit. Goodrich, F. Harrison Albion. Gregory, Morris Porto Rico. Hall, John H Stalwart. Hartman, Ernest V Hartford. Hayward, John W Marengo. Hervey, Raymond H Blissfield. Hichens, Herbert N Lelant, Eng. Hiscock, Malcolm J Gladwin. Holihan, Blanche Millersburg. Hookey, Joseph C Wyandotte. Houghton, Donald R East Leroy. Hunt, Ruth I Albion. Kendall, Charles J Albion. Kiesling, Earl L Gainsburg. LaForge, Blanche V Saginaw. Lewis, Harley A Wayland. 120 ALBION COLLEGE Liddicoat, Henry Cornwall, Eng. Lynd, Robert D Detroit. Marker, Irving L Edenville. Matthews, Durnell E St. Charles. Michael, William E Fremont, Ind. Morales, Tomas S Arrays, Porto Rico. Morgan, Vera L Kalamazoo. Morgan, Ethel Kalamazoo. Morrow, Orville W Birmingham. Mosher, Margaret D Albion. Niblack, Kate Grand Rapids. Niemann, Andrew Roseville. Oakes, Ora P East Tawas. Ott, Harry G Buffalo, N. Y. Percival, S. Elizabeth Lake Odessa. Plumb, Leon F Lawrence. Pope, Raymond Mt. Pleasant. Quigley, Milner E Ludington. Raeubig, Frank Muskegon. Ramsay, Mary A Sherman. Rowe, Richard Lelant, Eng. Saunders, Hattie B Chelsea. Schwartz, Marie Whitehall. Seelye, Erma L Bad Axe. Slocum, William W Caro. Smith, Florine M Freeland. Smith, James E. G Bedford. Smith, Mabel W Sickels. Spencer, C. Allen Jackson. Stillwell, William G Pellston. Tinkham, Robert R Kalamazoo. Vollmar, Paul J St. Charles. Weidenhammer, William J Albion. Whear, William N . . . Kearsarge. Wilson, M. Coral. Alpena. YEAR BOOK 121 CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC. PIANO. Armstrong, Harriet Fenton. Black, Merle V Grand Blanc. Baker, Ruth E Albion. Blackman, Elma Agnes. South Haven. Cummings, F. D Albion. Covert, Edith M Flint. Collier, Ethel M Springport. Caldwell, Beulah .Battle Creek. Cozine, Estelle Albion. Dobson, Louise M Albion. Dean, Ethel M Albion. Dean, W. Clark Albion. Desmond, Martha M Albion. Dimond, Carrie F Flint. Daly, Jennie A Rosebush. Eaton, Margaret Jackson. Ellison, Vesta R Kinde. Eveland, Augusta E Mayville. French, Charles Wallace Muskegon. Fox, Millie E Grand Rapids. Fleck, Olga M Scottville. Folks, Maude Pulaski. Gardner, Lila B Petoskey. Gress, Margaret Albion. Gilpin, Caroline Albion. Hess, Lucile Napoleon. Hoag, Beulah Battle Creek. Henderson, Ralph R St. Johns. Hill, Florence B Cass City. Henderson, Pearl M Harrisville. Holihan, Blanche E Millersburg. Holland, Lillian Iron Mountain. Huffer, Helen Albion. Iddings, Dorothy Charlevoix. 122 ALBION COLLEGE Iden, Genevieve F Bedford. Kirkpatrick, Grace M Unionville. LaFranier, Kate B Bay City. Lowe, Gladys C Ovid. Mann, Mrs. A. R Albion. Marker, M. Iva Edenville. Matteson, Roma Albion. Mechem, Leland Battle Creek. Nutt, Jeannette Louise Harshman, Ohio. Ogden, Hazel A Augusta. Parker, Georgina Marion Concord. Smith, Marion Jeanette Freesoil. Smith, R. Eva Galesburg. Smith, Florine M Midland. Slade, Lucy Ironwood. Seelye, Erma L Bad Axe. Salisbury, Myra C Albion. Schenck, S. Lucile Cass City. Stewart, Mildred Albion. Taylor, Agnes J Caro. Taylor, Beulah J Battle Creek. Trese, Aletta Bay City. Thayer, Amy M Flint. Vail, Rose L Lapeer. Woodfield, Madeline E Jackson. Wellman, Edna E Grand Rapids. Wilder, Audrey Albion. Wilson, M. Coral Alpena. Weaver, Nellie E Petoskey. Weyand, Beatrice Chicago, 111. VOICE. Blackman, Elma Agnes South Haven. Clifford, Harry H Union City. Clark, Mrs. Ethie P Concord. Collier, Ethel M Springport. Caldwell, Beulah Battle Creek. Cooley, Mable Charlotte. YEAR BOOK 123 De Ome, Lura L Albion. Evans, Harriet E Coldwater. Ellison, Vesta R Kinde. Fall, Florence Albion. Fox, Millie E Grand Rapids. Fleck, Olga M Scottville. French, Ward A East Tawas. Freeman, Clytus A Otsego. Griffin, Stuart Napoleon. Griffin, Marjorie C Albion. Gilpin, Caroline Albion. Hess, Lucile Napoleon. Hamilton, Lura N Millersburg. Howard, Lillian M Concord. Hill, Florence B Cass City. Iddings, Constance Charlevoix. Iden, Genevieve F Bedford. Kempton, M. Elfrieda North Adams. Ketcham, Edith M South Haven. LaFranier, Kate B Bay City. Lowe, Gladys Ovid. Millard, Rosella B Schoolcraft. Matteson, Roma Albion. Nagle, Marjorie G Albion. Ogden, Hazel A Augusta. Ostrander, Russell P Lansing. Pratt, Georgia Albion. Read, Sidney Ironwood. Smith, Cora L Freesoil. Salisbury, Myra C Albion. Schenck, S. Lucile Cass City. Sisson, Gladys B Freeport. Sturtevant, Elizabeth Albion. Stewart, Mildred Albion. Taylor, Beulah Battle Creek. Trese, Aletta Bay City. Vernor, Richard E Detroit. Wells, Susie M North Adams. 124 ALBION COLLEGE Wesbrook, Arthur E Byron Center. Wesbrook, Ethel Annie Byron Center. Wellman, Edna E Grand Rapids. Way, Hazel M Waldron. Wilson, M. Coral Alpena. White, Marguerite L Albion. Weage, Lena E Coldwater. Wheatley, Marshall Gladwin. Weeks, Frances A North Adams. Woodson, Mary E Michigan City, Ind. HARMONY. Armstrong, Harriet Fenton. Black, Merle V Grand Blanc. Baker, E. Ruth Albion. Blackman, Elma Agnes South Haven. Collier, Ethel Springport. Covert, Edith M Flint. Caldwell, Beulah Battle Creek. Dob son, Louise Albion. Dunham, Mildred A Albion. Desmond, Martha M Albion. Dimond, Carrie F Flint. Daly, Jennie A Rosebush. Ellison, Vesta R Kinde. French, Ward A East Tawas. French, C. Wallace Muskegon. Fall, Florence Albion. Fox, Millie E Grand Rapids. Foster, Laurence F Albion. Gardner, Lila B Petoskey. Griffin, Marjorie C Albion. Hess, Lucile Napoleon. Hoag, Beulah Battle Creek. Holland, Lillian Iron Mountain. Hamilton, Lura N Millersburg. Howard, Lillian M Concord. Hollinshead, Melvin A Port Clinton, Ohio. YEAR BOOK 125 Hill, Florence B Cass City. Henderson, Pearl M Harrisville. Iddings, Dorothy Charlevoix. Iddings, Constance Charlevoix. Iden, Genevieve F Bedford. Lowe, Gladys Ovid. Marker, M. Iva Edenville. Millard, Rosella B Schoolcraft. Matteson, Roma Albion. Mathewson, Louis Mancelona. Nutt, Jeanette Louise Harshman, Ohio. Orrison, Mable M Albion. Smith, Cora L . . Freesoil. Slade, Lucy Ironwood. Seelye, Erma L Bad Axe. Salisbury, Myra C Albion. Schenck, S. Lucile Cass City. Sisson, Gladys B Freeport. Stewart, Mildred Albion. Thayer, Amy M Flint. Tyrrell, H. Irene Conneaut, Ohio. Vail, Rose S Lapeer. Wells, Susie North Adams. Wesbrook, Arthur E Byron Center. Wellman, Edna E Grand Rapids. Wilson, M. Coral Alpena. White, Marguerite L Albion. ORGAN. Blackman, Elma Agnes South Haven. Covert, Edith M Flint. Eaton, Margaret Jackson. Fox, Millie E Grand Rapids. Gardner, Lila B Petoskey. Mathewson, Louis Mancelona. Orrison, Mable M Albion. Tyrrell, H. Irene Conneaut, Ohio. Woodfield, Madeline E Jackson. 126 ALBION COLLEGE VIOLIN. Bohm, Albert O Albion. Cummings, Oscar Albion. Cummings, Truman Albion. Dibble, Victor Albion. Heddings, Edgar Homer. Hess, Ruby Elkhart, Ind. Shepard, Don Albion. Strong, Gerald Homer. Tomlinson, Martha Albion. Weeks, Frances A North Adams. CORNET. Davis, Jehiel S Concord. CLARINET. Bohm, George A Albion. FLUTE. Nowlin, Warren Albion. PUBLIC SCHOOL METHODS. Baker, Ruth E Albion. Black, Merle V Grand Blanc. Caldwell, Beulah Battle Creek. Collier, Ethel M Springport. Comstock, Juliet B Albion. DeOme, Lura L Albion. Hamilton, Lura N Millersburg. Hill, Florence B Cass City. Iden, Genevieve F Bedford. Matteson, Roma Albion. Metz, Louise Albion. Newcomer, Susie M Monroe. Ramsay, Mary Sherman. Slade, Lucy Ironwood. Seelye, Erma L Bad Axe. Salisbury, Myra C Albion. YEAR BOOK 127 Schenck, S. Lucile Cass City. Sisson, Gladys B Freeport. Woodfield, Madeline E Jackson. Wilson, M. Coral Alpena. Wartman, Eunice Albion. MUSICAL HISTORY. Baker, Ruth E Albion. Caldwell, Beulah Battle Creek. Covert, Edith M Flint. Daly, Jennie A Rosebush. Dobson, Louise Albion. Ellison, Vesta R Kinde. Fall, Florence Albion. Fox, Millie E Grand Rapids. French, C. Wallace Muskegon. Gardner, Lila B Petoskey. Griffin, Marjorie C Albion. Hamilton, Lura N Millersburg. Hollinshead, Melvin A Port Clinton, Ohio. Hill, Florence B. Cass City. Hoag, Beulah Battle Creek. Howard, Lillian Concord. Matteson, Roma Albion. Marker, M. Iva Edenville. Millard, Rosella B Schoolcraft. Nutt, Jeannette Louise Harshman, Ohio. Ogden, Hazel A Augusta. Orrison, Mable M Albion. Schenck, S. Lucile Cass City. Sisson, Gladys Freeport. Smith, Cora L Freesoil. Thayer, Amy M Flint. Tyrrell, H. Irene Conneaut, Ohio. Wellman, Edna E Grand Rapids. 128 ALBION COLLEGE ART DEPARTMENT. Baker, Ruth E Albion. Black, Merle V Grand Blanc. Carlton, Mrs. F. T Albion. Comstock, Juliet B Albion. DeOme, Lura A Albion. Doty, Anna E Grand Ledge. Evans, Mrs. Oren Albion. Gildart, Mrs. Emerson Albion. Griffin, Gladys Albion. Hamilton, Lura N . Millersburg. Hiscock, Malcolm J Flint. Hoag, Beula M Battle Creek. Hurley, Amber H Albion. Jeff eris, Angelina Stevensville. Laberteaux, Laura Niles. Mathews, Florence L Iron Mountain. Matteson, Roma Albion. Mosher, Margaret Albion. Newcomer, Susie Marie Monroe. Nichols, Sadie E Bellaire. Ramsay, Mary Sherman. Schenck, S. Lucile. ! Cass City. Shotwell, Edith Jackson. Sisson, Gladys B Freeport. Smith, Mabel W Ithaca. Wartman, Eunice Albion. Way, Hazel M Waldron. SCHOOL OF BUSINESS. BUSINESS MAN ' S COURSE. Aberle, Alvin J Detroit. Bailey, Root D Pittsford. Baker, M. Earl Laporte. Boysen, Geo. E Port Clinton, Ohio. Correll, Ovid M Lansing. YEAR BOOK 129 Crawford, Elmer S Milford. Denham, Claud Quincy. Martin, Morris Albion. McRitchie, Kenneth Port Clinton, Ohio. O ' Dell, Carson E Elkton. Osborne, Marguerite Petoskey. Pollock, Milton Milan. Strong, Ralph W Medina, Ohio. GENERAL COURSE. Axford, Eugene Munith. Bangham, Harry Albion. Benson, Clay Munith. Blanchard, George A Colbridge, Will Bay City. Cramton, Altha B Albion. De Cou, Albert H Flint. De Muth, Boyan Albion. Fritz, Lola Cass City. French, Marquerite Muskegon. Hall, John H Stalwart. Hands, Feleneice Parma. Harrison, Samuel Rosebush. Henderson, Ralph St. Johns. Hills, Frank Hopkins. Howell, Clarence V Gagetown. Johnson, Carl Grayling. Kimball, Erta Union City. Lewis, Harley Wayland. Luther, E. O Lake Odessa. Mathews, Durnell St. Charles. Michael, Will Fremont, Ind. Morehouse, Edna Jackson. Niblack, Kate Grand Rapids. Owens, Leo Eckf ord. Quigley, M. E Ludington. Richardson, Elva Albion. Rosenow, Irvin Quincy. Rowe, Richard Lelant, England. 130 ALBION COLLEGE Scott, Edna . Parma. Scott, Hazel Hudson. Stewart, Vera Albion. Streeter, Don Lansing. Thomas, Ernest Ironwood. Wilson, George H Kalamo. STENOGRAPHY. Axford, Eugene Munith. Buchanan, Edna Albion. Burt, John Ironwood. Cramton, Altha Albion. Cryderman, Mertie Millington. Cuatt, Nina Albion. Frost, Ben S Eckford. Graves, Mabel Albion. Gregory, Avron Albion. Hands, Feleneice Parma. Harrison, Samuel Rosebush. Hess, Ruby Elkhart, Ind. Kempton, Elfreida North Adams. Kimball, Erta Union City. Lewis, Mildred . . . Parma. Miller, R. J Albion. Norton, Grace Petoskey. Nelson, Hazel Tekonsha. Parker, Minnie Perry, Addie Burlington. Savage, May Napoleon. Schumacher, Minnie Albion. Scott, Edna Parma. Scott, Hazel Hudson. Slack, Mrs. Grace Albion. Slowey, Eugene Albion. Taylor, Lillian Albion. Weaver, Nellie Petoskey. Welch, Mildred Albion. White, Mabel Albion. Wickham, Julia Albion. YEAR BOOK 131 SUMMARY OF STUDENTS COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS. Pursuing Post-Graduate Studies 2 Seniors 49 Juniors 48 Sophomores 63 Freshmen 126 Special Students, College Rank. 5 293 PREPARATORY AND UNCLASSIFIED. In the several courses : 64 CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC. Piano 63 Pipe Organ 9 Harmony 53 Voice 54 Public School Music 21 Violin 10 Orchestral Instruments 3 214 SCHOOL OF PAINTING. In all classes 27 SCHOOL OF BUSINESS. General Course 48 Shorthand and Twpewriting 31 79 Total students, none counted twice 499 30112105871310