United States Navy Chaplain Corps - Yearbook

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f Kwsoye B- . Chasm Y umm Reservoir Hoqaru-ri X Koto-ri .-f Vxfy Tokchon V I Breakout at Hungnam. Reproduced by permission from The Sea War in Korea, by Malcolm W. Cagle and Frank A Manson. Copyright 1957 by the U.S. Naval Institute.

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letters was the responsibility of Division Chaplain Schwyhart. That the ministry of chaplains, and par- ticularly their ministry of consolation and encourage- ment to bereaved families, was appreciated by the American people may be noted from the following ex- cerpt from a letter sent by Gen. Clifton B. Cates, Com- mandant of the Marine Corps, to Chaplain Ingvold- stad in October 1950. Your diligent self-application and devotion to your sacred duties has been forcefully brought to my attention by the many letters which I have received from the grateful parents of young men who have made the supreme sacrifice on the Korean battlefields. These parents, wives, these relatives have paid glowing tribute to you in correspondence which reflects nothing but gratitude for the knowledge that their sons or husbands died in the company of one close to God Almighty. A few changes in the complement of chaplains at- tached to the lst Division took place before 31 Octo- ber. Chaplain Glyn Jones was detached as Regimental Chaplain of the lst Marines, in compliance with Bu- reau of Naval Personnel orders, and Chaplain Wil- liam N. Lyons, already with the Division, was ordered as his relief. Chaplain Kline d'A. Engle joined the Division before it sailed from Inchon. Certain re- assignments of duty were made within the Division. With the detachment of Chaplains R. L. Bonner and W. G. Tennant as casualties, the number of chaplains attached to the Division was reduced to 26. Wonsan to the Reservoir From the last of August United States Naval ves- sels had cooperated with the ROK Capital Division as it advanced up the east coast from Pohang. On 1 October the ROK 3d Division had crossed the Parallel and began an advance of some 50 miles up the east coast. In the following months, the bombardment force would continue to furnish harassing and inter- diction fire against enemy positions along the eastern coast. Air operations were intensified when elements of the lst Marine Aircraft Wing began moving in to Wonsan on 14 October. The Division effected an administrative landing at Wonsan as part of X Corps, on 25-26 October, and at once fanned out in pursuit of North Korean forces? The landing was unopposed as the ROK I Corps had already captured the city by 10 October, without a fight. Delayed by the minesweeping operations, the Marines were chagrined to find that air maintenance crews had beaten them to Wonsan by 12 days. Even ZMontross and Canzona, op. cit., vol. III, chs. II-IV. more humiliating, on the evening of the 24-th Bob Hope had been featured in a USO show which was larded with 'Tracks' at the hapless Division going back and forth like a yo-yo outside Wonsan harbor! The lst Battalion, lst Marines was dispatched south by rail about 35 miles to thc supply center of Kojo, guarded by an ROK detachment. Here a two-night engagement took place as North Korean forces tried to control the main communication route through the valley. Chaplain Glyn Jones accompanied this unit, but when it became necessary for him to leave, to carry out orders returning him stateside, the area was completely surrounded by enemy forces so that he had to be fiown out by helicopter to Wonsan. General Almond now ordered his X Corps forward. The lst Marine Division was to branch off at Ham- hung and proceed north and west to the Chosin Reservoir. Certain ROK units were to follow the coastline northward, and the 7th Army Division, put ashore at Iwon, south of Wonsan, on 29 October was to move inland toward the Pujan Reservoir. As X Corps proceeded to its mission, 8th Army had begun a parallel movement northward in the west? Elements of I Corps, including British, ROK, and American troops, spearheaded by the lst Cavalry Division, crossed the Parallel and by 21 October had secured the North Korean capital, Pyongyang, and its port, Chinnampo. With other ROK forces in the middle, it was MacArthur,s plan to link X Corps and 8th Army in a concerted drive to the Yalu River and the Manchurian border. The Marines proceeded to Hamhung, about 75 miles from Wonsan, by truck, and rail, meeting little opposition en route. Hamhung lies inland about 5 miles from Hungnam, its seaport. Prior to the de- parture to Hamhung, Chaplains Craven, Cornelius J. Grifiin, and Kester M. Hearn of the 7th Marines spent several nights in a burnt-out Benedictine Abbey in Tokwan, about 8 miles north of Wonsan. The three chaplains settled down in the Abbey's undamaged school building, and in the chapel each conducted religious services. Chaplain Griffin, a Roman Cath- olic, was greeted with joy by many of the natives who said that he was the first priest they had seen for over a year. Later Chaplain Grifhn, in an interview published in the Monitor for 5 January 1951, commented on the enthusiastic reception given to him by the Roman Catholic Koreans at Tokwan. He said: albid., pp. 34-37. See also Korea, 1950 CDepartment of the Armyj, pp. 150-153. For the Navy at Chinnampo, see Cagle and Manson, op. cit., ch. 5.