Tufts University - Jumbo Yearbook (Medford, MA)

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With a doctrine of liberalism Professor ' s Row in the early years. the-road religious liberals of the time, and especially to the members of the free but not radical Universalist Church, Harvard had already gone too far in its opposition to orthodoxy. Because of a reactionary spirit on the one hand and what seemed to be an extreme radicalism on the other in existing colleges, many liberal individuals were deeply dis¬ turbed. This was especially true of the members of the Universalist Church, which was the most rapidly growing denomination of the time. The 150,000 members of this church in New England had long felt that a different sort of college must be established. An earnest group of men and women in this denomination and in other related churches therefore decided to found a new and truly liberal college, one that would be fully non¬ sectarian but not anti-religious. Above all they dreamed of a college of high academic distinction in which toleration and real religi¬ ous freedom would be established from the first. Those who were interested in the found¬ ing of the new college were more agreed about its academic and religious characteristics than they were as to its location. It was variously proposed that the institution should be established at Canton, New York, Franklin, Massachusetts, and in other places. It was even suggested that the college should be established in Cambridge. Those who made this proposal had in mind the separate colleges of Oxford and Cambridge. They felt that a new college could be founded in association with Harvard that might be quite separate in discipline and doctrine but still enjoy certain of the advantages of a university association in the English sense. Of course this proposal did not prevail. Down through the years, however, Harvard, seeing in Tufts another institution devoted to the new re¬ ligious liberalism, has assisted the younger i 23

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since the inaugural year . religiously heterodox transcendentalist move¬ ment of Emerson and his associates. Science, especially hardheaded applied science, was exerting a new power in the world. The rigid Calvinism of the time was shaking. In this feverish, active, and forward- looking industrial and yet religiously alert period education alone seemed to present too static a picture. Yale, Brown, Dartmouth, Williams, Bowdoin, Amherst, Middlebury, and most of the other existing institutions were rigidly Calvinistic or definitely affiliated with one of the then very conservative Protestant churches. Presidential offices and memberships on the governing board of these colleges were typically held by ministers and tight-lipped theologians who viewed the new liberalizing movements of the day with mis¬ giving and even alarm. Long, compulsory, daily chapel exercises were the rule in all colleges. Proselyting for the denominational faith of the college was a standard practice. Any student who entered a college without having already become a member of the church controling it was from the first subject to strong pressure. In such environments boys who had been reared in homes of the new religious liberalism were often brought back to old-fashioned orthodoxy. An old letter tells us that they returned home to bewail the fact that their own parents were eternally damned. As a result of these conditions, men and women of liberal religious tendencies were anxious to provide a strong college which did not have about it what they had come to consider the shackling chains of reactionary thought. Harvard, alone among the institutions of higher learning in New England, had already been won by the forces of religious liberalism. A few years before the founding of Tufts, Harvard had essentially become a Unitarian college. But to many cautious, middle-of- Festival at the Dedication of Tufts College. i 22

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and earnest academic goals College Hill from Mystic River in the 1850 ' s showing ship on ways. “Gem of the Ocean,’’ built in Medford, Mass., 1852. More than 70 clipper ships were built in Medford during the early years of the College. i 24