Temple University School of Medicine - Skull Yearbook (Philadelphia, PA)

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shortage of qualified personnel. The hospital accelerated its period of internship so that more doctors would be available for service, and the medical school instituted a student ROTC program. After World War II. Dr. Parkinson began implementing his plan for a medical center. In 1947. St Christopher's Hospital for Children became the Department of Pediatrics of Temple University Hospital. With Waldo E. Nelson, M.D. as its Medical Director, the hospital grew from a small neighborhood hospital into a complete child care institute. Also in 1947, the Samuel S. Fels Research Institute became affiliated with Temple providing badly needed facilities and opportunities for research. In 1946 Dr. Theodore L. Chase established the Agnes Barr Chase Surgical Research Foundation in memory of his wife, a Temple medical alumna of 1909. In this same period, classes for the Dental School and the School of Pharmacy moved to a new building at 3223 North Broad Street. This era of expansion continued into the Fifties. In 1956, three new buildings - the Ancillary Services Building, which houses the radiology department, clinical laboratories and surgical operating rooms, the Out-Patient Building and the ten-story Parkinson Pavilion were added adjacent to the Mam Building forming the appearance of the hospital complex as it appears today. In 1957. the Skin and Cancer Hospital became the Dermatology Department of Temple University Hospital and the School of Medicine. This institution had begun in 1928 as an out-patient clinic at 806 Pine Street. In 1965 the present four-story building at 3322 North Broad Street was completed. In 1961 Dr. Parkinson's dream of a medical center was realized as the hospital, the schools and the supporting activities were united into the Temple University Health Sciences Center Today the Health Sciences Center encompasses many diversified Fields of medicine, dentistry and the allied health professions. The School of Nursing was established in 1893 and the Edith Bolling Jones Residence was opened in passages was opened. The development of bronchoesophagology and laryngology is one of the most significant advances of 20th century medicine, and Dr. Jackson devoted his career to the advancement of this field. With the coming of the Thirties, Temple Hospital, like most other institutions, was hard hit as wages plummeted and necessary austerity measures were instituted. In the mid-thirties a pre-paid insurance plan, now known as Blue Ooss. was begun and payments from this program helped Temple and other hospitals across the country remain financially solvent. Despite these problems, medical progress continued. In 1930 the New Medical School Building, located at the northwest corner of Broad and Ontario Streets, was completed. In 1938, Dr. W. Emory Burnett performed the first successful pneumonectomy in Philadelphia; in 1939, Drs. O. Spurgeon English and Edward Weiss developed the first clinic for psychosomatic medicine; and in 1940, Dr. Gerald H.J. Pearson founded a pioneer psychiatry clinic. Dr. John A. Kolmer in medicine. Dr. W. Edward Chamberlain in radiology and Dr. John Royal Moore in orthopedics achieved wide acclaim for original work in their respective fields. Like the Thirties, the Forties were a period of both hardship and growth for the hospital and medical school. With U.S. involvement in World War II many staff members enlisted or were drafted into the Armed Forces, thus forcing the hospital into an emergency situation with an extreme Babcock Surgical Ward William N. Parkinson, M.D.

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Main Hospital Building On June 18, 1925 the Main Hospital 8uildmg, which still stands today on the Northeast corner of Broad and Ontario Streets, was opened. On March 23, 1901 a meeting of the Board of Trustees of Temple College was held and an evening medical school was established, thus founding the first coeducational medical school in Pennsylvania. The first classes were held September 16, 1901 with an enrollment of 31 students. There was a 20 member medical faculty with W. Wallace Fritz. M.D., D.O.S. as the first dean. Classes were held from 6:45 to 9:45 P.M. daily, with the curriculum extending over a five year period in order to provide the equivalent of four years of day instruction. The first year curriculum included courses in chemistry, physiology, bacteriology, osteology, histology, materia medica and dissection. In the second year, there was practical work in physiology, pharmacology, pathological histology, bacteriology, chemistry and physical diagnosis. Lectures and laboratories were held primarily in College Hall at Broad and Berks Streets, adjacent to the Baptist Temple. The facilities of Samaritan Hospital were used for the required 700 hours of clinical instruction. The first dissection room was located in the loft of the hospital ambulance house. Two men, Frederick C. Lehman and Frank E. Watkins, who had been admitted with advanced standing, were the first to graduate in 1904 Two more students graduated in 1905. In 1906, fourteen more students including two women, Sara Allen and Mary E. Shepard graduated. Although the medical school was continuing to grow in size and to graduate larger numbers of students, its early history was not trouble free. The medical school was founded during a period in which the country was witnessing a rash of new, unapproved medical schools. Some of these schools were offering medical courses by mail, and this trend in medical education was arousing apprehension within the medical profession. In such an atmosphere, the establishment of a night medical school drew criticism from the medical community. The following comment appeared in the November, 1901 issue of the Interstate Medical Journal: We recognize the high standards of the Philadelphia medical schools and we feel that the establishment of this new school along the lines projected, cannot be an advantage to the city as a medical center, to the graduates of such an institution or to the medical profession. Carl Smith, one of the school's first medical students, responded: A criticism of our medical department is not yet due. Wait until the first medical class graduate from the institution and go before the State Boards of Medical Examiners. We are willing to have this result be a base upon which to criticize, but we decidedly object to any unfavorable criticism until then. In 1907 Dr. Henry Beates, President of the Medical Examining Board of Pennsylvania, appeared before the faculty and spoke most laudably of the medical course which is given at the Temple College. He endorsed most highly the work which is being done by both faculty and students and stated that every graduate of the medical department of the Temple College who has thus far been examined by the Medical Examining Board of Pennsylvania has passed successfully. Also in 1907. Temple College was granted the title of Temple University and thus the School of Medicine became a department of the University. In the same year, Temple University became affiliated with the Phila- delphia Dental College and the medical school was transferred to the Dental College Building at 18th and Buttonwood Streets. At the opening of the academic year 1907-08. day classes were offered for the first time. Night school courses were offered until 1909 until the AMA and some states passed legislation whereby students graduating from night medical schools would no longer be recognized. The year 1929 was a prominent one in the history of both the hospital and the medical school. William N. Parkinson, a Temple medical graduate of 1911, became Medical Director of the Samaritan Hospital and was also named Dean of the School of Medicine. During his thirty year tenure. Dr. Parkinson developed the concept of the Temple University Medical Center. Also in 1929 the name of the hospital was changed to Temple University Hospital to indicate the close relationship which had been established between the hospital and the university. In the same year, the world-famous Chevalier Jackson Clinic for the treatment of diseases of the air and food 18

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1962. providing housing for student nurses and other students of the Health Sciences Center. The School of Dentistry was founded as the Philadelphia Dental College in 1863 and became part of Temple University in 1907. The School of Pharmacy was founded in 1901, and in 1932 a four-year program leading to a Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy was initiated. The School of Oral Hygiene was opened in 1921 and the School of Medical Technology was begun in 1939. In 1966, the College of Allied Health Professions was established offering baccalaureate courses in medical technology, nursing, occupational therapy, physical therapy and health records administration. As the Health Sciences Center became an actuality, plans for expansion continued. In 1963 the Medical Research Building was completed. This nine-story building, located between the Old Medical School Building and Kresge Science Hall, houses the department of medical physics, physiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, microbiology and anatomy. The Fels Research Institute and the Agnes Barr Chase Surgical Research Foundation are also located in the Medical Research Building. Plans were made for three additional buildings - a Basic Sciences Building for the medical school, a Continuing Education Building and a Clinical Teaching Hospital. In 1968 the Kresge Science Hall was completed, providing classrooms, a library and student activities space. The spacious Student Union-Continuing Education Building, located next to the Skin and Cancer Hospital, was opened within the past few years and provides classrooms utilized by both students and graduate physicians, areas for study and relaxation, a book store and a cafeteria. Work was also begun on the third projected building, the Clinical Sciences Teaching Building. The area behind the Out-Patient Building was razed, but construction was never actually begun due to design and financial difficulties. Finances have been a big problem at Temple University Hospital during the Seventies. In 1975. the Institution's creditors refused to advance further monies and closing seemed imminent. The crisis was resolved however when the State of Pennsylvania agreed to underwrite the hospital's S25.000.000 debt. In doing so, the State assumed ownership of Temple University Hospital which would then be loaned to Temple University for the sum of SI.00 per year. From their small beginnings, the Samaritan Hospital and Temple University School of Medicine have grown into today's Health Sciences Center. Over the years and through many difficulties, the Hospital and School of Medicine have endured and flourished; they have remained true to the ideals of their founder, providing needed medical care to the community and offering medical education to large numbers of men and women. The Temple University Health Sciences Center of today is a lasting tribute to Russell Conwell. for it is indeed the realization of a vision of one man; an idea materialized; an ambition embodied. Skin and Cancer Hospital Mrdual Kiuau BmUm Construction of the Medical Research Building a» » The Pit - excavation site of the still unbuilt new hospital Parkinson Pavilion Directory 20