Temple University School of Medicine - Skull Yearbook (Philadelphia, PA)

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Old Medical School TUMS History Although both Samaritan Hospital and Temple University School of Medicine were founded through the efforts of Russell Conwell, initially they were separate but affiliated institutions. Over the years the affiliation has strengthened, and the hospital and medical school have expanded into what is known today as Temple University Health Sciences Center. In June, 1891, a small hospital known as the North Philadelphia Hospital was forced to close due to a lack of funds. Dr. Conwell was petitioned by residents of the area to help reorganize the hospital. With help from his parishioners. Conwell purchased for 815,000 a three—story double house which could be converted into a hospital. This original building was located at 3403 North Broad Street. The hospital was opened in January, 1892 and the following description appeared in a February, 1892 edition of the Philadelphia Times. On the first floor is the men's surgical ward; also the dispensary, parlor, dining room and kitchen, etc., the last named rooms in the rear. The second floor is occupied by the women's surgical and medical, the gynecological, and the men's medical wards and the operating room; the third floor being appropriated to the use of the hospital attaches. The hospital building and grounds were dedicated January 30, 1892 by Dr. Conwell: We christen today the hospital . - • and give it the name of ' he Samaritan.' Inspired by the tender human kindness awakened by that story so simply told by The Great Teacher, we freely give of our time, our talents, our experience, our money that the wounded and neglected may here find true compassion and practical healing. The hospital could accomodate only 20 beds and a dispensary. Due to these limited facilities, the Board of Trustees ruled that the hospital would be intended for charity cases that need medical or surgical treatment and still further, for acute cases only. Chronic and contagious cases would bo treated in the dispensary but would not be admitted to the hospital. During its first year, the hospital admitted 202 patients and cared for an additional 1028 persons in the dispensary, all at a cost of $6,000. In 1898 a second brick building adjacent to the hospital was purchased and for a time, it was used as a maternity department being called the Greatheart Hospital. When the maternity department was later moved to the Main Hospital Building. Greatheart was used as a nurses’ home. -v. Temple University Hospital -past, present and future In 1902 the capacity of the hospital was increased to 60 beds. In the following year, W. Wayne Babcock, M.D. became Chairman of the Department of Surgery, a position which he held for forty years During his long tenure. Dr. Babcock earned worldwide honors for his surgical skill, numerous writings and expert teaching. His reputation partly rests on his promotion of spinal anesthesia, development of techniques for treatment of intestinal cancer and hernia repair, use of stainless steel wire for sutures and invention of surgical instruments. Gifts from the community, along with appropriations from the Slate Legislature, provided funds for the erection of a new building in 1907. Located at 3401 North Broad Street, it provided space for 125 beds and the rapidly expanding dispensary services. In 1908 — 2,000 patients were admitted to the new facilities and another 26.000 persons were treated in the dispensary. 17

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The turn of the 20th century saw the establishment of two more medical schools. Founded in 1898, the Pennsylvania College of Osteopathic Medicine is the largest of the nine osteopathic medical colleges in the U.S. and is the ninth largest medical school in the country. In 1909 it became the first osteopathic college to present a full, compulsory four—year course of study, and in 1911 a charter was obtained for an osteopathic hospital. Temple University School of Medicine was founded in 1901 as the nation's first evening medical school. Throughout the 20th century, medical progress has continued to be made in the city of Philadelphia. All of the city's medical schools have flourished and grown with the times. They continue to educate increasing numbers of students, provide much needed patient care and make important contributions in medical research. Both Children's Hospital and St. Christopher's Hospital for Children have grown into world renowned leaders in the field of pediatrics. Among the medical institutions founded in this century are the Pennsylvania College of Optometry, opened in 1919 and the Pennsylvania College of Podiatric Medicine, established in 1960. Important Philadelphia contributors to 20th century medicine have included William Williams Keen, the first American neurosurgeon; John H. Gibbon who worked to perfect cardiopulmonary bypass; and Chevalier Jackson who at various times, held chairs in five of the city's medical colleges and who was responsible for having President Cool.dge sign the Federal Caustic Poison Law which put the skull and crossbones on labels of dangerous bottles in American medicine chests. 1 16

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Main Hospital Building On June 18, 1925 the Main Hospital 8uildmg, which still stands today on the Northeast corner of Broad and Ontario Streets, was opened. On March 23, 1901 a meeting of the Board of Trustees of Temple College was held and an evening medical school was established, thus founding the first coeducational medical school in Pennsylvania. The first classes were held September 16, 1901 with an enrollment of 31 students. There was a 20 member medical faculty with W. Wallace Fritz. M.D., D.O.S. as the first dean. Classes were held from 6:45 to 9:45 P.M. daily, with the curriculum extending over a five year period in order to provide the equivalent of four years of day instruction. The first year curriculum included courses in chemistry, physiology, bacteriology, osteology, histology, materia medica and dissection. In the second year, there was practical work in physiology, pharmacology, pathological histology, bacteriology, chemistry and physical diagnosis. Lectures and laboratories were held primarily in College Hall at Broad and Berks Streets, adjacent to the Baptist Temple. The facilities of Samaritan Hospital were used for the required 700 hours of clinical instruction. The first dissection room was located in the loft of the hospital ambulance house. Two men, Frederick C. Lehman and Frank E. Watkins, who had been admitted with advanced standing, were the first to graduate in 1904 Two more students graduated in 1905. In 1906, fourteen more students including two women, Sara Allen and Mary E. Shepard graduated. Although the medical school was continuing to grow in size and to graduate larger numbers of students, its early history was not trouble free. The medical school was founded during a period in which the country was witnessing a rash of new, unapproved medical schools. Some of these schools were offering medical courses by mail, and this trend in medical education was arousing apprehension within the medical profession. In such an atmosphere, the establishment of a night medical school drew criticism from the medical community. The following comment appeared in the November, 1901 issue of the Interstate Medical Journal: We recognize the high standards of the Philadelphia medical schools and we feel that the establishment of this new school along the lines projected, cannot be an advantage to the city as a medical center, to the graduates of such an institution or to the medical profession. Carl Smith, one of the school's first medical students, responded: A criticism of our medical department is not yet due. Wait until the first medical class graduate from the institution and go before the State Boards of Medical Examiners. We are willing to have this result be a base upon which to criticize, but we decidedly object to any unfavorable criticism until then. In 1907 Dr. Henry Beates, President of the Medical Examining Board of Pennsylvania, appeared before the faculty and spoke most laudably of the medical course which is given at the Temple College. He endorsed most highly the work which is being done by both faculty and students and stated that every graduate of the medical department of the Temple College who has thus far been examined by the Medical Examining Board of Pennsylvania has passed successfully. Also in 1907. Temple College was granted the title of Temple University and thus the School of Medicine became a department of the University. In the same year, Temple University became affiliated with the Phila- delphia Dental College and the medical school was transferred to the Dental College Building at 18th and Buttonwood Streets. At the opening of the academic year 1907-08. day classes were offered for the first time. Night school courses were offered until 1909 until the AMA and some states passed legislation whereby students graduating from night medical schools would no longer be recognized. The year 1929 was a prominent one in the history of both the hospital and the medical school. William N. Parkinson, a Temple medical graduate of 1911, became Medical Director of the Samaritan Hospital and was also named Dean of the School of Medicine. During his thirty year tenure. Dr. Parkinson developed the concept of the Temple University Medical Center. Also in 1929 the name of the hospital was changed to Temple University Hospital to indicate the close relationship which had been established between the hospital and the university. In the same year, the world-famous Chevalier Jackson Clinic for the treatment of diseases of the air and food 18