Temple University School of Medicine - Skull Yearbook (Philadelphia, PA)

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The turn of the 20th century saw the establishment of two more medical schools. Founded in 1898, the Pennsylvania College of Osteopathic Medicine is the largest of the nine osteopathic medical colleges in the U.S. and is the ninth largest medical school in the country. In 1909 it became the first osteopathic college to present a full, compulsory four—year course of study, and in 1911 a charter was obtained for an osteopathic hospital. Temple University School of Medicine was founded in 1901 as the nation's first evening medical school. Throughout the 20th century, medical progress has continued to be made in the city of Philadelphia. All of the city's medical schools have flourished and grown with the times. They continue to educate increasing numbers of students, provide much needed patient care and make important contributions in medical research. Both Children's Hospital and St. Christopher's Hospital for Children have grown into world renowned leaders in the field of pediatrics. Among the medical institutions founded in this century are the Pennsylvania College of Optometry, opened in 1919 and the Pennsylvania College of Podiatric Medicine, established in 1960. Important Philadelphia contributors to 20th century medicine have included William Williams Keen, the first American neurosurgeon; John H. Gibbon who worked to perfect cardiopulmonary bypass; and Chevalier Jackson who at various times, held chairs in five of the city's medical colleges and who was responsible for having President Cool.dge sign the Federal Caustic Poison Law which put the skull and crossbones on labels of dangerous bottles in American medicine chests. 1 16

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Memorabilia from The College of Physicians of Philadelphia lion destined to become a world leader in the field of pediatrics. The last half of the 18th century saw the establishment of three more medical publishing houses within the city. The J.B. Lippincoit Company has been a medical publisher for over a century and since 1897 it has published The Annals of Surgery, the oldest exclusively surgical journal in the world. The F.A. Davis Company established in 1879. is the third oldest publishing house in the city. The W.B. Saunders Company, founded in 1888, is the world's largest publisher in the health science field. In 1890 it began publishing the American Illustrated Dictionary (now Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary), undoubtedly the most widely used medical book evet published. Thomas Eakins, now acknowledged as one of America's greatest artists, was for most of his life outside the then -mainstream of American art. Eakins had a life-long interest in anatomy and the medical profession. At one time he studied at Jefferson and historians are agreed that the thought of pursuing a medical career was in his mind. His Portrait of Dr. Gross, now known as The Gross Clinic, is undoubtedly one of the great medical paintings of all time. The finished portrait — of an operation to remove 3 piece of bone diseased by osteomyelitis - caused a sensation. Philadelphia took offense as sensibilities were outraged. It was acquired by Jefferson Medical College in 1878 for $200. Today it is worth millions. The Agnew Clinic,” the other great surgical painting by Eakins. hangs in the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania. It was commissioned by a class of students of D. Hayes Agnew. The students, in a display of appreciation for their preceptor, presented it to him at the Academy of Music on May 1, 1889. Eakins also did many portraits of Philadelphia physicians. Both the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Philadelphia Museum of Art have extensive Eakins collections of a non—medical nature. A doctor's office from out of the past Old 'Skull' Editors don’t die, they just get locked away in cabinets 15

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Old Medical School TUMS History Although both Samaritan Hospital and Temple University School of Medicine were founded through the efforts of Russell Conwell, initially they were separate but affiliated institutions. Over the years the affiliation has strengthened, and the hospital and medical school have expanded into what is known today as Temple University Health Sciences Center. In June, 1891, a small hospital known as the North Philadelphia Hospital was forced to close due to a lack of funds. Dr. Conwell was petitioned by residents of the area to help reorganize the hospital. With help from his parishioners. Conwell purchased for 815,000 a three—story double house which could be converted into a hospital. This original building was located at 3403 North Broad Street. The hospital was opened in January, 1892 and the following description appeared in a February, 1892 edition of the Philadelphia Times. On the first floor is the men's surgical ward; also the dispensary, parlor, dining room and kitchen, etc., the last named rooms in the rear. The second floor is occupied by the women's surgical and medical, the gynecological, and the men's medical wards and the operating room; the third floor being appropriated to the use of the hospital attaches. The hospital building and grounds were dedicated January 30, 1892 by Dr. Conwell: We christen today the hospital . - • and give it the name of ' he Samaritan.' Inspired by the tender human kindness awakened by that story so simply told by The Great Teacher, we freely give of our time, our talents, our experience, our money that the wounded and neglected may here find true compassion and practical healing. The hospital could accomodate only 20 beds and a dispensary. Due to these limited facilities, the Board of Trustees ruled that the hospital would be intended for charity cases that need medical or surgical treatment and still further, for acute cases only. Chronic and contagious cases would bo treated in the dispensary but would not be admitted to the hospital. During its first year, the hospital admitted 202 patients and cared for an additional 1028 persons in the dispensary, all at a cost of $6,000. In 1898 a second brick building adjacent to the hospital was purchased and for a time, it was used as a maternity department being called the Greatheart Hospital. When the maternity department was later moved to the Main Hospital Building. Greatheart was used as a nurses’ home. -v. Temple University Hospital -past, present and future In 1902 the capacity of the hospital was increased to 60 beds. In the following year, W. Wayne Babcock, M.D. became Chairman of the Department of Surgery, a position which he held for forty years During his long tenure. Dr. Babcock earned worldwide honors for his surgical skill, numerous writings and expert teaching. His reputation partly rests on his promotion of spinal anesthesia, development of techniques for treatment of intestinal cancer and hernia repair, use of stainless steel wire for sutures and invention of surgical instruments. Gifts from the community, along with appropriations from the Slate Legislature, provided funds for the erection of a new building in 1907. Located at 3401 North Broad Street, it provided space for 125 beds and the rapidly expanding dispensary services. In 1908 — 2,000 patients were admitted to the new facilities and another 26.000 persons were treated in the dispensary. 17