Temple University School of Medicine - Skull Yearbook (Philadelphia, PA)

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PHYSIOLOGY The science which treats of the functions of the living organism and its parts begins in the second semester of the first year. Here the student is taken from the lifeless tissue of the dissecting room and the inanimate atoms of the chemistry laboratory to study the living tissues and functions of man and the lower animals. In the first semester the cardiovascular. lymphatic, respiratory, and part of the gastro-intestinal systems are covered. Lectures from Drs. Hickey. Oppenheimer, and Collins are followed in the laboratory by many carefully planned experiments on lower animals and the students themselves. Under constant supervision, the student works in pairs with unusual and adequate equipment. He is required to make permanent records of all experiments and to keep these records plus a summary of each experiment in a well organized notebook. In addition the department has prepared questions on each experiment which gives the student an opportunity for collateral reading. 1 Professor J. Garrett Hickey. 2 0 r 1. Oppenheimer and Collins teach mony phyjiologicol facts on onejthetired animal . 3 Smoking drum for the kymogrophs become on integrol port of the physiol, ogy loborotory. 4 Frejhmen loom the phytiology of the circulatory y tem. 5 Dr. Hickey show what on etperienced odiuJlment mean to o proper recording.

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NEURO-ANATOMY AND NEURO-HISTOLOGY Neuro-anatomy becomes one of the freshman's most important and yet one of his most perplexing subjects of his second semester. However, it is hard to imagine how complex the subject could really be if it were not for Dr. Pritchard's endless striving to ease the complexity of learning neuro-anatomy. For in this course the correlation of the embryology, histology, and anatomy of the central nervous system which Dr. Pritchard attains is all important. In the laboratory the student dissects the cord and brain, examines serial sections of the cord and brain under the microscope, and reviews the embryology of the nervous system. Drawings by the student again play an important role in teaching the course. CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY The didactic work in chemistry in the second semester deals with the morbid conditions affecting the character of the gastric juice, blood, and urine. Basal and abnormal metabolism are studied and respiratory metabolism and regulation of neutrality are discussed, in which the various alkaloids, the common metal poisons, and the most common gases are considered, together with their effects, detection, and treatment of the symptoms and conditions arising from their use. The laboratory work of the second semester, under the careful supervision of Drs. Saylor, Hamilton, and Shrader, considers the important practical aspects of clinical chemistry and nutrition. The work is largely quantitative including the analysis of gastric juice and urine, determining renal efficiency, and analyzing blood and milk. In addition actual metabolism experiments are carried out by the student upon themselves. These are so planned to bring out the essentials and to familiarize the procedures having important and direct application on medical practice. Or. Spiegel-Adolph demonstrates the intricacies of colloidal chemistry. Dr. Pritchard demonstrates the spinal cord in ncgroanatomy. Or, Saylor has his yearly talk with certain freshmen. Dr. Shrader supervises the chem. istry laboratory.

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X-RAY Dr. Chamberlain and his department continue the lectures and demonstrations of normal anatomy as seen by the X-ray in the second semester. In addition, occasional pathological films are shown to compare with the normal. For example, Dr. Chamberlain lectures on low back pain and sacroiliac slip. He demonstrates his method of diagnosing it by measuring the differences between the pubic bones at the smphysis in different positions of standing. This demonstration and many others gives the student an appreciation of the use of X-ray in solving many medical problems. MEDICAL CORRELATION During the second semester of the first year the freshman student comes in contact with his first patient in the medical correlation course under the guidance of Professor John A. Kolmer. It is indeed a vital and stimulating factor in the first year when ihe student who is spending so much time in the laboratory has this opportunity of gaining access to the medical atmosphere of the hospital. The medical clinics are so planned to bring the student into close contact with selected cases and the application of the fundamental sciences of anatomy, chemistry, and physiology in relation to the manifestations and course of the disease selected. Dr. Kolmer presents the first mcdicol clinics to the freshmen. Dr. Chamberlain continues his radiology lectures. Dr. Arbuel'e c amir.es and dictates his findings. Dr. Kolmer reviews a history.