SUNY Downstate Medical Center - Iatros Yearbook (Brooklyn, NY)

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5 fe V I I 1 r 1 i I , ' ' I Archibald Munay, NLD. I Professor of Tathology 3 . 2 ' -,4-- .--152' 'W fizifsfif' had Page Twenty

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' mo.- ., if ry v i e. R--R--as --R----E Wy, f' if S5 X i v - rf fl? 4635 Y, 1 5 . .- - . comparison with similar experimental lesions in other mammals. He may even venture a step farther: teaching the student how to detect by physiologic methods certain reactionary deviations from normal, and how to explain on a physiologic basis certain typical syndromes: thus easing the grade of the student's advancement from laboratory to bedside by indicating how his acquired knowledge may be clini- ,7 N1 I f cally applied. This is done in the, now developing, course in clinical physiology: , durmg which the student is instructed in methods of use of the stethoscope, sphygmo- 3 graph, polygraph, sphygmomanometer, cardiograph, electrocardiograph, stethometer, spirometer, opthalmoscope, laryngoscope, instruments for determining the partial pres- sure of carbon dioxide in blood and alveolar air, and in methods of study of human 1 digestion and basal metabolism. . But the extent to which a mere laboratory worker may safely, or advisedly . venture into the field of the clinician is obviously quite limited. If he turns over to ' ! the clinical teachers, students well grounded in knowledge of those portions of animal ' physiology that admit of clinical application together with definite notions as to how such knowledge may be applied, he will have done his duty: for, specific application . of the physiological to the clinical is as distinctly the duty of the teaching clinician i as specilic application of the physical to the physiological is the duty of the teaching physiologist. And if, as occasionally happens, the besal science fails to furnish a formula for the special combination of circumstances presented by a case or problem ' under consideration, it is the duty of the teacher who makes the application to clear the way: which he will find no difiiculty in doing if the student has been well drilled in the elements of the basal science. For example :-Of the many excellent treatises on hydraulics written by physicists not one offers a satisfactory explanation of the How of a liquid under the precise combination of circumstances presented by the vascular system of a mammal. Yet anyone who has mastered the principles of hydraulics as laid down in those treatises will readily discern their applicability to problems of blood-circulation: and unless, or until one understands the purely mechanical principles involved, the genesis and variations of blood-pressure, blood-velocity and pulse will not be fully comprehended. Numerous other such examples could be given: but this one, alone, seems to elucidate sufficiently the contention that the teacher of physiology should teach physiology, clearly, precisely and in detail: but should ever remember that he is teaching it as part ground-work for future clinical studies, and therefore broadly indicate its value as such: leaving to the clinical teacher its . actual, specific application. ' I , Joi-iN C. CARDWELL, M.D., Professor CLARENCE E.. KRETZ, M.D., Lecturer GEORGE H. ROBERTS, A.B., M.D.,Lee1urer A if o HARRY Kos'rER. M.D., Instructor li ---, Instructor it tat s as.. Jang P1 zuvzts F W . . .C .. , was WW Page N ineleen

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P I - v s . i . l 'fe .- r wg Hz'- 1 ' U l l ' r-,- - . I X El I V I lg i f l 1-f nib if l. l i L 3 1 s P11 ..l.f..'f 1 ' 1 . The work of the Department of Pathology is divided between undergraduate ' instruction and laboratory routine, so-called. The instruction is given mainly to the members of the Sophomore Class. Each student devotes eight hours a week for the entire year to the study of General Pathology and Pathological Histology. R The course in General Pathology consists of lectures that are illustrated by draw- ings, charts, lantern slides, gross morbid material and autopsies. At the autopsies per- formed from time to time before the class, the student is instructed in the technic of post- mortem examinations. A pathological museum is being built up as rapidly as material can be collected from autopsies and surgical operations. Over 300 mounted specimens are now on the shelves. The specimens are mounted so that the natural colors are pre- served. A microscopic section is made from each specimen, and, when obtainable, a history of the case is Hled. The specimens are freely used in the classes in pathology. In the course in Pathological Histology stock sets containing about 200 selected ' slides are used. The slides illustrate the essentials of general and special pathology, in- cluding the cell degenerations, infiltrations, necroses, the various types of inflammation. infectious granulomata, pigmentations, tumors and the special pathology of the heart and pericardium, lungs and pleura, kidney, pancreas, liver, spleen, gall-bladder, gastro- intestinal tract, lymphatic glands, thyroid. thymus, uterus, ovaries, tubes, prostate and testicles. Study of each slide is preceded by a lecture embodying the theoretical and I practical consideration of the subject at hand and the student is trained to observe and ' correlate histological details and to depict them in colors. The pathological tissues are also demonstrated by means of lantern slides and a projection apparatus. From time to time fresh specimens from autopsies or operations are shown. . The Senior class receives a course in Gross Pathology. Here methods in autopsy ., technique, gross pathological Endings and medico-legal aspects are demonstrated and 5 discussed. ' The laboratory routine consists chiefly of examining the tissues of hospital and fb ' 9 dispensary patients for pathological processes. The work is carried on in the patho- 4, 'i logical laboratories at the Hoagland Laboratory and on the fourth lloor of the Pol- :Wag hemus Memorial where the Dispensary Wassermann Tests are made. . ' 5 u a A liifflfzuz F W ' F M' 5 t sb Fw- - f m.'.33:.35 9 5!Ji'si53 ' 964 Page Twenty-one