Piedmont (AD 17) - Naval Cruise Book

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'T 1f Getting Straw ready to make mats! The old swlmmlng hole'

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I r P l Main street Olongapol Subic Bay is located on the west coast of the island of Luzon approximatery 35 miles north of the entrance to Manila Bay. Ferdinand Magellan, a Portoguese navigator in the servis of Spain, landed in the Philippines on 16 March 1521. When the Spanish came, contrary to popular belief, acomparatively advanced culture already existed in the Philippines. The majority of of the people lived in independent settlements or Barangays were united to form a federation. The laws under which they lived were largely traditional but as early as 1433, or 88 years previous to the arrival of Magellan, there existed a penal code. Colonization was not begun by the Spanish untill 1565 when Miguel Lopez de Legaspi took possession of the islands. He was the first civil governor of the Philippines, named in honor of Philip Il of Spain. The Spanish occupation greatly changed the spiritual life of the Philippines. Under Spanish rule, the Catholic Church converted a relatively large portion of the population to Christianity, although many old superstitutions and much native culture continued to. exist under a thin veneer of western civilization. War and uprisings, in which the perennial struggle for power between the church and the state was often involved, charac- terized the history of the islands from the beginning of Spanish rule to the American occupation. A revolution had broken out iust prior to Admiral Dewey's capture of Manila. In the Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded the islands to the United States. The revolutionary Philippine government, headed by Emilio Aquinaldo, protested that Spain had no right to cede the islands because their control had passed from her hands to the insurgents. Resistance ended with the capture of Aquinaldo, beginning the benevolent and progressive American period in the islands. g ,J On 15 November 1935 the Commonwealth Government was established with Manuel L. Quezon and Lerquio Osmena as 'president and vice-president. The capture of Manila by the Japanese on 2 January 1942 forced the government into exile in America where Quezon died of tuberculosis. Three years later, with the liberation of Manila by Allied Forces under General Douglas Mac Arthur aided by thousands of Filipino guerrillas, the Commonwealth Government was restored on 27 February 1945- Although Manile l'lClCl been declared Un Open Cify by United States Forces, its liberation was bitterly contested by the JapaneSe and the resultant damage WGS eX'f emelY Severe. During the Japanese occupation .thousands of Filipino non-com-batants were murdered, agriculture and other industries were devastated and public and private buildings were wantonly destroyed. On 4 July 1946, in accordance with the provisions of an agreement made with the United States, the Philippines proclaimed their lndePenCl0f1Ce- M0nUel ROXCS Gnd Elpidio QUiI'ir1O were inaugurated as president and vice-president. In the years sinCe 1946, the Philippine Republic has struggled against an organization of dissidents commonly known as the Huks or the HMB - The organization was started in March 1942 under the name of Hukbalahaps QThe People's Army to Fight Japanj. During the war, the Huks were active against the Japanese and to a lesser extent, against other Filipino guerrilla units. Following the liberation of the Philippines, the HUkS did U07 C0mPleTelY disband or turn in their arms. At the end of 1949, the name of the Huks was changed, to the l'lUkl00n9 M0PGqP0l0n9 BUYGTII' CPeople's Liberation Armyj from which comes the common abbreviation HMB. Since that time the Huks, in tune with world Communism, have advocated the overthrow of the Philippine Government and the assumption of power bY P0PUl9f elemenis- HOWSVGF, during the recent years an understanding overnment has undertaken 9 ,the rehabilitation of many ex-dissidents who have indicated their desire to return to peaceful and useful lives. The Huk situatiefl is definitely improving, but danger of ambush and harassing action still exist in the outlying areas in Central Luzon.

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