Naval Training Center - Rudder Yearbook (Orlando, FL)

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THE UNITED STATES NAVY TODAY MK . VH 'Y' '1-. I s 6 O Vertical Replenishment lit 'I . -spawns 'i t 567.7 Phantom Jet Is Launched From Carrier The United States Navy is an instrument of sea power. Its basic mis- sion is national security. By simplest definition, sea power is the sum of a nation's capabilities to implement its interests in the ocean, the Navy's operating environ- ment. The Navy, therefore, is necessarily concemed with all of the na- tionis interests in that environment, with primary emphasis upon na- tional defense. In the early l950's, Navy interest led to the adaptation of nuclear en- ergy to a traditional instrument of sea power, the submarine. Today the nuclear powered submarine permits us to carry naval power to the far- thest reaches of the oceans. And when missiles were being considered for the delivery of nuclear warheads, the nuclear submarine was logi- cally adapted to missile technology. The result was the Polaris weapon system - mobile, the most nearly invulnerable, and certainly the for- ward-most component of our nuclear deterrent forces. Today all potential targets in the world are within reach of Polaris missiles launched from fleet ballistic missile submarines. In the early 1970,s, the Poseidon, a new generation of submarine-launched ballistic missiles will join the fleet. But other nations possess large and modem submarines, many of them capable of launching missiles of various types. This calls for anti- submarine warfare QASWD. In the United States Navy, ASW is of the highest priority, second only to the Polaris program. Modem developments in anti-submarine warfare have led for the first time to the adoption of a strategic offensive concept, that is, the detecting and confronting of enemy or potential enemy submarines where they are, rather than waiting for them to come to us. Surveillance forces are supported by new mobile weapons systems, including fixed wing aircraft and helicopters from carriers, long range land-based patrol aircraft, nuclear attack submarines especially confi- gured for anti-submarine warfare, a new generation of escort ships, new sensors in the form of advanced sonars, and new ASW weapon systems of all types. To maintain the advantage that we have today requires con- tinuing research and development. Perhaps the most striking development in naval power in the early part of this century was the aircraft carrier. As the nucleus of mobile striking forces, the attack aircraft carrier is capable of launching strikes against land areas anywhere around the seas of the world. Concurrently with the development of the attack aircraft carrier, the Navy developed other modern air weapon systems for use by the NavyfMarine Corps team. There is the McDonnell-Douglas F-4 Phan- tom II, a supersonic high performance fighter that is also capable of support as an attack aircraft. Other examples are the Grumman A-6 In- truder, the first attack aircraft capable of delivering large volumes of fire power with precision under all weather conditions, and the A-7 Corsair II, a new attack and close support aircraft. The Navy has also been a leader in the development of air-launched weapons, such as the Bullpup and Shrike air-to-ground missiles, and the Sparrow and the famous Sidewinder air-to-air missiles. The newest in fleet operation is the Walleye, a bomb guided by television which can hit targets with extreme accuracy and effectiveness. Also in develop- ment is the Phoenix system, an air-to-air missile system capable of de- stroying enemy aircraft at greater ranges than any existing air-to-air guided weapon . Nuclear power has now been adapted to the surface fleet, and has brought with it most of the advantages proved in its application to sub- marines: greater speed of responseg longer endurance on station: sus- tained high speedg and more freedom from shore-based support. Each major war generates new requirements for sea power. In World War II, the Navy and Marine Corps developed the amphibious assault from a crude operation to a refined ready instrument for assault from the sea. In 1950, the amphibious assault at Inchon, the decisive battle in the Korean War, again validated the fundamental case for sea power. Today major fleets with Fleet Marine Forces embarked are deployed in both the Atlantic and the Pacific. Anti-submarine warfare forces and nuclear attack submarines also patrol important areas of the world sea.