Nappanee High School - Napanet Yearbook (Nappanee, IN)

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were acquainted with both sides of whatever question they were called upon to discuss. Although a peron may attain a very high state of culture without the school, nevertheless the school is the most natural course taken by those striving for educational advantages. Many people are deprived of school education but Improve every opportunity to broaden their intellects by good reading and thus become self-educated. In fact, some of our most successful men, as Abraham Lincoln, have had few educational advantages. Men like Lincoln have succeeded only because they were determined to succeed and improved every moment by reading and studying all books which were at their disposal. That person who earns his own w'ay to high school or college is being educated for some purpose and is sure to succeed. On the other hand, the school aids the students by training them into the best ideals of integrity, interest and alertness. There are forms of conduct not found in books, butsimply acquired by contact with people, out of which come some of the best types of character. “Partial culture runs to the ornate; extreme culture to simplicity,” and Chas Eliot has said, just recently: “Nocapital earns so much interest on its investment as personal culture.” Perhaps one of the greatest means of culture is contact with people. Generally speaking, it is more advantageous to live in or near a large town, thus are gained both the advantage of the quiet and solitude of country life and, at the same time, contact with the various activities of city life. This is more noticeable in the manners of children. One can easily discern whether a child has been accustomed to much contact with people or not, or whether these people have education and refinement. But this is just as true of older persons, as such a great part of our education is sympathetic and social so you cannot have one cultured man or woman without a whole society of such. And in striving for culture, the true aim of culture must be kept in view. Thus, Harriet Beecher Stowe has said: “That is true cultivation which gives us sympathy with every form of human life and enables us to work most successfully for its advancement. Refinement that carries us away from our fellowmen is not God’s refinement.” We should come into a closer relation with all mankind and learn to love what is simple and beautiful and strive to add something to the well-being of men. Culture cannot begin too early as the life of the young boy or girl foretells what the life of the man or woman will be. One of the highest purposes of culture is to give a man a perfect knowledge and master of his ow n inner self. Extensive travel is another means of gaining a more perfect intellectual knowledge of affairs. Most of our university and college professors have spent part of their time abroad, studying or for the purpose of research in their particular line of work, but also primarily for purposes of general culture. Longfellow gained a broader knowledge by his tours abroad and thus had a w ider range of subjects from which to choose, gaining an advantage over Whittier, w hose education and experience was very limited. Likewise many of our writers have made tours abroad, thus coming in contact with various peoples. A person may learn more from travelling than in several years of schooling, as some tilings only seem real when they have actually been seen and not merely read of in books, which often makes them seem imaginative. Thus, experience is always found to be the greatest teacher. Great men like Washington, Franklin, and Jefferson, who became such great factors in the political life of their time, have had a great influence on the affairs of our nation and likew ise, upon the minds of all mankind. These men are always more honored and esteemed when it is found they possessed intellectual tastes and skill. Ms Hlhrrr (tanlhtr ts IKtitg lester gentziiorx He automobile in a practical form is a comparatively new invention. The majority of us remember when we looked upon the first automobile as a great curiosity, and to-day even in the small towns people do not turn their heads as one whizzes by. It is now a very com- mon sight to see the farmers come to town in the latest type of car. What has made the automobile so common and the price so low that it is no longer a luxury for the rich only? The answer is: quantity manufacturing.

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ness with which the engine runs and the power obtained from it largely depends upon the exactness with which the small fittings of the great engine are placed and adjusted. The engine and machinery may suddenly come to a standstill. On investigation it is found that a small rod controlling the valve, that admits the steam to the engine, is broken and as a result the monster is motionless. In our own town, some years ago, an engine was badly wrecked because a few small bolts became loosened and allowed the heavy parts to move from their places. The watch consists of many small parts and yet is quite an important factor in every day use. Each pivot must be exactly straight and brightly polished: each tiny wheel must be exactly true; every small jewel must be shaped and set just right. One day as the friend of a sculptor was looking at his work, he commented on a certain piece of work, saying that it looked so mucli better than formerly. The sculptor then told him what had been done to it since he last saw it. His friend listened to him and then said: “Oyou have just done the little things.” True the sculptor had not done a great work, but he knew that these trifies would make perfection and this by no means is a trifie. Destruction is often determined by the smallest of circumstances. For example some one may determine to live a reformed life. It may be they hear it on the street or in their own home—some little thing said, that may discourage them entirely and be the cause of them, never again trying to live an honorable life. Alpine guides sometimes come to places where vast avalanches lie above. These are often so exactly balanced that the echo and vibration of the air, produced by shouts and loud talking, are sufficient to break the last icicle t hat holds it, and down it comes. In passing such places, the guide does not permit a word to be spoken. Trains are often destroyed by the movement of aswitch no more than the tenth part of an inch. There are trifies which lead to bad as well as toward good and perfection. What appear as trifies today may only be preparation for future great accomplishments. The clerk in the store today is the future merchant. What we do now is the foundation for our future life. We must choose for ourselves the foundation on which we stand. It is made strong by trifies that are daily met. The smallest crust may save a human life; The smallest act may lead to human strife; The smallest touch may cause the body pain; The smallest spark may tire a field of gruiti ; The smallest deed may kill the truly brave; The smallest skill may serve a life to save; The smallest drop the thirsty may relieve; The slightest shock may wake a heart to grieve; Naught is so small that it may not contain The rose of pleasure or the thorn of pain. (EuUurr WILMA MILLER »y culture is meant the advancement or refinement of the intellect by study, application and attention. The word of ambition at the present day is culture. While all the world is in pursuit of power and of wealth, as the means of attaining great pow er, the theory of success is corrected by culture. Culture appeals to the rank of powers and places before man some ideal upon which to build Ids hopes and aspirations. It is as necessary to the mind as food to the body. Every person must start out in the world with a good determination and have before him some ideal upon which to base his goal. That person is only a well-made man w ho has a good determination. And the end of culture does not destroy this, but only tends to further his aim in life. Courage, perseverance and self-reliance bring success. In order to succeed a person must have great foresight, he must like- wise be a clear thinker and strive to overcome all difficult problems which he encounters. Culture tends to destroy all exaggeration and makes people see things as they really exist. It puts them among their equals and superiors. People are greatly influenced by their environment; education awakens them to the fact that they are not simply living in a small village or town but in the great world. Many people become interested in some certain line of work, and spend all their time and energy upon that certain work, neglecting everything else which would further the development of their minds. To be educated one should have a general knowledge of affairs so that he may appear to advantage in society or elsewhere, w henever called upon to converse on any topic. Pericles, Plato, Caesar, and Shakespeare were well-read, universally educated men. Their opinion w as regarded as important because they

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In the year 1894 the first automobile appeared in Detroit, which is now probably the greatest automobile center in the world. In 1903 the Ford Motor Co. was organized, and in 1912 manufactured and sold 75,000 cars, and is planing to double its out put for 1913. This great business has developed in the short time of ten years. The future of the automobile is great, especially in the commercial car field. The U S. government has carried on numerous experiments to find a motor truck that w ill bear great loads but w ill not be so heavy as to break down the light bridges found in the thinly settled parts of the United States. The commercial truck has taken the place of horses with most of the large department stores and other places where large number of horses are used. They do not get tired, can haul heavier loads and the driver does not have to pity them as he would a horse The automobile hasgiven thousands of people many hours of enjoyment and also many hours of trouble, but nothing unites the people of neighboring towns as does a means of rapid transportation. The automobile simple, durable, and efficient, solves this question, and people are enabled to penetrate places never entered by a railroad. Now let us look into those parts of the automobile that tend to make it so durable and efficient. Of the motorcars one sees on the street there are three kinds: gasoline, electric, and steam— refering to their motive power. The last named can be dismissed with a few words, for steam cars are becoming fewer and fewer each year. Early in the history of the motor car industry the steam car was the most popular owing to the lack of development of the other two kinds. There are many-people to-day who prefer the steam car because of its smoothness and ability to climb hills. The steam car works on the same principle as the railway locomotive, generating steam in a boiler to operate the steam engine. Gasoline is the fuel gener ally used for the tire under the boiler. Most people feel that to drive and to care for a steam car one must be something of an engineer. In fact the chief difference between the steam car and the gasoline car has been aptly expressed by a motorist who has driven both types, in the statement that, when something went w rong with the gasoline car it took a day to find the trouble and a minute to fix it, while with the steam car it took a minute to find it and a week to fix it. Electric cars are driven by one or two electric motors which receive current for their opera- tion from an electric storage battery carried in the car. They have a distinct field and in that field they are popular. They do not have to be cranked, are silent, smooth and reliable. The chief features urged against them are that they are heavy and the fact that the storage batteries must be recharged with electrical energy about every one hundred miles which necessitates that they get not too far away from a charging station. Dismissing these tw o classes of cars with this, we will turn to the gasoline type of car, by far the most widely used type, and the one which will receive the greatest part of our attention. To make clear from the beginning the order in w hich the gasoline motorcar is to be explained, it is necessary at first to look at the car as a whole. It is made oi two main parts, entirely distinct from one another, the body and the chassis. The body of a motor car is simply the result of the carriage builder’s art and need not concern us. The chassis is w hat is left of the car when we loosen up the bolts that hold the body to the frame and take off the body and fenders. The chassis is the real w orks of the car. It consists first of the engine or motor located in front of the dashboard, performing the same duties and occupying the same location as the horse does in the older type of road vehicle. Next there is the transmission, which term includes all the machinery that helps in making the power of the motor turn the driving wheels. The terra is often used incorrectly to mean the gear set, which is only part of the transmission system. This system includes the clutch, which is next to the motor, then comes a short shaft to the gear set From the gear set extends a shaft called the driving shaft or the propeller shaft, to the rear axle, in shaft-driven cars. In chain-driven cars the driving shaft only part way to the rear axle, but connects w ith the cross shaft from which chains run either to the rear axle or to the rear wheels. The final part of the transmission system is the rear axle with its differential. The differential is a device for allowing either wheel to turn faster than the other. To accomplish this the driving axle is made in two parts, a driving wheel being attached to the outer end of each part, and the driving power applied to the axle w here the inner ends meet. The two parts of the axle are connected by gears, so that if one wheel is revolved forward, the driving gear being held stationary, the wheel will revolve backwards at the same speed as the first one turns forward. The device enables one wheel