Nappanee High School - Napanet Yearbook (Nappanee, IN)

Text from Pages 1 - 78 of the 1908 volume:

(Claaa Annual COf Wlir Nappattw liiglj §rhnol Nappaner, Unbtatta 1908 3Juirx nf (fiiutruts Page 3 School building. 4 Faculty and School Hoard. 5 ('lass. Motto. Colors and Yell. t The Life That Is Worth While (■has. F. Miller. Superintendent � Were the Crusades Holy Wars? Vernon Culp 11 Forestry In the rlilted States Chester A. Walters 13 American Music Roy R. Berlin 15 Some Socialistic Theories Forrest I efrees n Territorial Acquisition of the Cnited Slates Raymond Walters 19 Some Famous Women Ruby M. Fidler 21 Conditions of Wealth in the I’nlted States Ralph Stose 23 The Spirit of Liberty Clad vs Stutsman 25 History of the Class of 1908 Ralph Stose 26 Class biographies 27 Class Song Ruby Fldler 2ft Class Poem Forrest Defrees 20 Prophecy of the (’lass of 1908 Cladys Stutsman 30 Personals. 31 Juniors' Cartoon. 32 Sophomore Class. 33 Alumni Association. 43 Advertisers. XAPPANKK NEWS PWKSS tthr XapiKitirr £rhnnl Kutlhimut CHARLES F. MILLER OLIVIA VOLIVA ELSIE W. THRONE FRANK COPPES GEORGE LAMB N. A. LEHMAN 3Farulty S U PERI NTKN D KNT Principal Assistant CELIA KUEHL BESSIE BROWN iyrluml iBnarfi President Secretary Trkascrer (Class nf Niurtern HjuulirFii anil Eight t Vernon Culp President Raymond Walters Editor Chrstkr Walters Treasurer Rithy Fidlbk Song Roy Berlin . Business Manager Ralph Stosk Historian Forrest Depress Poet Gladys Stutsman .Prophetess ®utto (Culms SEMPER PARATI'S LIGHT BLl’E AND GOLD IJrli Alla. Kazack, Ka ack, Kazate! We are Llie class of nineteen eight. None so wise, none so great. Hoorah nineteen eight. (Ehr £ifc Chat By CHAS. F A KKTAIN professor recently prepared the following list of questions to I answered by every man before lie received bis degree of Bachelor of Arts: I)o you see anything to love in a little child? Have you sympathy with all good causes? (’an you look straight into the eyes or an honest man or a pure woman? Will a lonely dog follow you? Do you believe in lending a helping hand to weaker men? Do you believe in taking advantage of the law when you can do so? Can you he high minded and happy in drudgery? Can you see as much lieauty in washing dishes and hoeing corn as in playing golf and the piano? l)o you know the value of time and money? Are you good friends with yourself? |)o you see anything In life besides dollars and cents? Can you see sunshine In a mud puddle? Can you see beyond the stars? There is much of wisdom in this philosophy, for an education that does not result in the kind heart, the helpful spirit, the pure life, the love of honest labor and a firm trust in (Jod for the future is a failure: an education to In truly helpful must satisfy the craving of hungry souls. To be able to speak a kindly word to the discouraged and the fallen that will help them to retrieve the mistakes of their past ami to achieve the best that life holds for the future, to guide the uncertain steps of the wavering Into safe paths, to be able to take pride in the success of your fellowmen. to bury prejudice and to foster unselfishness, to see the good In men. to pass by the evil in them, this means much in a life of earnest endeavor. The world today needs men and women who can do things not alone for their material benefit but that they may give something of themselves for the moral uplift of humanity. Society has become a prey upon itself: Its parasitic tendency is strongly marked: so many of us are ready to take and so few to give: there Is great need that the spirit of the Creat Teacher should enter into our relations with our fellowman: live for others should be taught by example as well as by precept. To smooth the rough places of. life for those around us. to give joy to the sorrowing, to cheer the heavy laden and to point them to the higher life beyond—these are the blessed privileges that make our lives worth while. is fflorth 15 hi Ip MILLER. Supt “Life Is a series of surprises. We do not guess today the mood, the pleasures, the power of tomorrow when we are building up our being. The doing of little things that makes life's path-way brighter for another counts more than victories on the Held of battle. He who labors diligently for the highest good will Hud it, not in the accomplishment of tlie great things that lie contemplates, but in the succession of little victories that lias taught him broader sympathy for humanity and a greater love for his God. The selfish life finds itself growing weary as It contemplates its own misfortunes: no guide posts marked by kindness are in its wake and its only solace Is tlie bitter morsel of discontent. It is one thing to have hope in the future of mankind, it is quite another to be a living, effective force in hastening the coming of the kingdom of heaven. One of the faults of intelligent society Is an indulgence hi a lazy optimism which readily concedes the victory of truth hut does nothing to bring It to pass. God lias given two great sources of pleasure to Ills children. One Is the contemplation of Ills own works, wonderful in their number, magnitude, variety and beauty. The other source of purest enjoyment is in the doing of a worthy work. It is not conceit or vanity to find pleasure in some noble structure wrought by one's own brain and hands: it is really a divine satisfaction, for we are taught that God Hods pleasure In llie dignity and tieauty of his work. It should cheer us In our efforts to know that, as a parent. God is pleased w ith the earnest attempts of Ills children to accomplish a good work even if their success is not complete. It ought to cheer us still more to know that we can Join with Him in a work more precious than the uplifting of mountains, the gathering of oceans or rhe lighting of the stars. While there Is no promise in God's word that we can assist in the creation of new worlds, we are assured we can be fellow workers w ith Him In tiie redemption of tills one. We can not define righteousness in any terms which excludes our obligations to our fellow-men. We know that we can render no more valuable service to them than to induce them to forsake folly and sin and walk In the light of divine trutli and goodness. Tills Is the highest concept of human duty and privilege. We are not responsible for the mysteries of divinity but we are responsible for the needs of humanity which may lie lifted by our efforts. Righteousness is the great essential of life's power and duty. The fear of the Lord Is clean enduring forever:” as a motive to action it will never be inferior or obsolete. All discoveries and inventions, matter what their cost or history, are pernicious if used with evil intent. The value of every art depends not on its ingenuity but upon its rational and benevolent service. The value of all knowledge is not in the gratification of curiosity but in the better ideas of justice and mutual helpfulness. It has been said that It is now the fashion to describe all origins, processes, and results as an evolution: this word is made to mean almost an infinite variety of theories in science, philosophy, religion, and statesmanship. It is a sort of “fad in modern learning: we have an evolution of everything from a tooth pick to a solar system: men have quit writing histories: they now write evolutions. I’ndoubtedly there are great processes in the material world and great movements in social life which may be conveniently described as an evolution. Rut in so far as these movements are in the direction of happier homes and nobler lives, they are conditioned in an involution of Intelligence and holy endeavor. The conquest of this world for righteousness is the achievement of human minds, hearts and hands inspired, guided and strengthened by the Holy Spirit of the ever living and ever loving Hod. We can not expect that all crime will be blotted out in a day: we can not hope that tomorrow will bring relief to every sufferer. The earth must continue for a season to bear many wrongs and sorrows, but we are sure a lietter time is coming. It may be the bad are becoming worse, but the good are more Intelligent, more practical and more useful in their goodness. It is a sign of a strong mind to be courageous and helpful: the true purpose of life is to deliver men from the bondage of fear: not only the distracting fear of tlie Infinite Hod but the fear of everything that Cod lias made. A true faith leads men to rejoice not only in the kindness of their Creator, but i also In the beneticenee of U His works. All the forms and forces of the material world have been created and are still controlled in the spirit of good will. Let us not be provoked into skepticism or indifference by examples of cant or hypocrisy. Hypocrisy is no more an argument against true religion than treason is an argument against true patriotism. Every relation in life which has been disgraced by the unfaithful hasalso been honored by the loyal and true. Let us not Ox our gaze on characters below us lest we fall to their level but study the strong and the useful and seek to enter their ranks. What do we see In history? The men who have been most sincere in their love of God have been most practical in their love of man. If we fashion our lives after tlie plan of ttie Great Teacher, if we remember we arc created in His image, that we are endowed with God given powers, than we are commissioned to bring the universe In subjection to His will In order that this planet may be made Into one harmonious whole we shall live lives that are worth while and we can say with Vandyke: •• We are glad of life because it gives us the chance to love and to work and to play and to look up at the stars: to be contented with our possessions, but not satisfied with ourselves until we have made the best of them: to despise nothing in the world except falsehood and meanness and to fear nothing except our cowardice: to be governed by our admirations rather than by our disgusts: tocovet nothing that is our neighbor's except his kindness of heart and gentleness of manner: to think seldom of our enemies, often of our friends and every day of Christ: and to spend as much time as we can, with body and with spirit In God's out of doors—these are little guide-posts on the foot-path to peace. fflprr abr (Erusabrs, ffinlg ISars? By VERNON CULP K worst outrages of fanaticism and cupidity have been perpetrated in thenameof religion. Never in any great struggle, religious or irreligious, lias such a lack of humane jurisprudence been demonstrated as in those propagated in the name of Christianity. Under the Influence of men who pretended Christianity, and who declared the extermination of Intldels and heretics to be a pious duty, the most sanguinary wars and murderous expeditions were conducted. But in doing tills, the true principles of Christianity were indifferently trampled under foot, and the elements of barbarism were adopted. For a number of centuries a martial spirit had gradually been introduced Into the Catholic church. In its long continued contact with barlarous nations, the church was constantly losing its purity. At the beginning of the Mediaeval Ages the religion was almost exclusively extended among the people by the patron saints: but after the rise of Papacy, when the Popes received temporal powers, if the people could not be persuaded to accept their religion, resort was taken to arms. Society soon became very corrupt. The laws were no more enforced, for the Rulers and Church otllcials were themselves some of the greatest promoters of vice. By confessing their crimes and wicked intentions to the clergy, the people were promised absolution from sins, if they would live in seclusion as an indication of their penitence: or by paying a sum of money, in proportion to the greatness of their crime, called Indulgences. In tills manner the Catholic church grew rich from the vices of mankind. This practice of indulgences, including also absolution from future sins which people would commit, led men to indulge In still greater crimes. This tendency to believe that the clergy could forgive sins connected with ignorance and superstition culminated in the successful mustering of the Crusades. For many years great multitudes made pilgrimages to Palestine. Devout people considered it a pious duty, and they thought all manners of maladies would be cured, and a divine blessing would be received by those who visited the places made sacred by the presence of Christ while here on earth. Pilgrims, who returned from a pilgrimage, were looked upon with great respect by the masses. A rumor having been spread that the cross, the inscription and the nails used at the crucifixion of Christ, were found, the tide of pilgrims at once increased. Bands containing thousands now set out for Jerusalem. At the time when the enthusiasm for making pilgrimages was at its height, a great revolution occurred in the East which proved to be detrimental to pilgrimages. Jerusalem was wrested from the Saracen caliphs by the Setjukian Turks, a prominent Tartar tribe. They were jealous proselytes of Islam. These at once began to persecute the pilgrims and the Syrian Christians in every way possible: destroying their.sacred places or turningthem into stables: forbidding them to carryout the principles of their religion: and even murdering great numbers. All Christendom was greatly moved by these atrocious deeds. If it was a pious duty to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, how much greater the duty would now be to deliver Jerusalem from the infidels. These insults heaped upon the Christians at Jerusalem led to the preaching of the Crusades. To Peter the Hermit, is ascribed the immediate cause of the first Crusade. He was a native of France and was fairly educated. Being filled with a devout longing to see the Holy Land, legend describes him as setting out on a pilgrimage. When he arrived at Jerusalem and saw with what injustices and persecutions the pilgrims and Syrian Christians were aftlicied, lie went and poured out his soul to the patriarch and wept as he was told yet more outrageous deeds committed by the Seljukian Turks. % When he had promised the patriarch that the Christians of the West would come to their rescue, he was given a letter to the Pope at Home. After the Pope had read tills letter, he extolled Peter for the zeal lie manifested, and with promises of aid, sent him throughout tiie country to incite the people to action. While the West was being made to apprehend the serious state of atlairs in the East, the Turks were constantly advancing in Asia Minor until Constantinople, the capital of the eastern Roman Empire was threatened. Evidently only by sending speedy aid to the East, could this city with its great treasures of art and sculpture, lie preserved from falling into the hands of the infidels. With Constantinople In their hands, an invasion of Europe would probably follow. The safety of all Christendom seemed to be at stake. The Pope, Urban 11, now became very vehement for the undertaking of the proposed wars. He saw an opportunity for establishing his authority over his rival, Clement 11, who was set up by the Germans. Now, to carry out Ids contrivance, he formally presented the subject to the Church Council of Piacenza. Nothing being accomplished here, lie brought it before the Council of Clermont which was held later in the same year. At this Council the Pope was one of the chief speakers. When lie had again vividly expressed the � wretchedness of their friends inthe East: how the Holy Places were desecrated and profaned: and how the Turks were continually extending their conquests: with all the power of his fiery eloquence, he urged the people to take up arms in defense of the Holy Land. The Pope then addressed the Knights of chivalry, who were always seeking pretenses for war. as no other living man would have dared to speak. Urging them to tight for the deliverance of the Holy Sepulcher and merit an eternal reward, he said. If you triumph over your enemies, the kingdoms of the East will be your heritage: if you are conquered, you will have the glory of dying in tlie very same place as Jesus Christ, and God will not forget that He shall have found you in ids holy ranks, if you must have blood bathe your hands in the blood of the intidels: Soldiers of Hell, become the soldiers of the living God. When Jesus Christ summons you to His defense, let no base alTections detain you in your homes. This sermon had its Intended effect and at its close a great shout arose. It is the will of God! Itisthewil! of God! It is the will of God,'’said the Pope. Christ has inspired the words that I have heard.” Having said this, lie raised a crucifix and told them to wear it on their shoulders and breasts, as it would be a surety of victory or a palm of martyrdom. With unequaled celerity did the enthusiasm, or more correctly the frenzy, spread among the people. Great multitudes of men and women of all ranks accepted the cross as a token of their pledge. Never before had such an enormous host, containing people from every nation in Latin Christendom, been incited to unite into one formidable body for the maintenance of one common cause. Without the support of the Pope, such a united effort could never have been made by the European nations for the recovery of Palestine. For the Pope’s authority was beginning to be uudisputed: and their infallibility was easily impressed upon the minds of the ignorant and superstitious masses. To all who would enlist under the banner of the cross, were promised the absolution of all sins and eternal life. Thus rulers and princes enlisted for the sake of honor and probable acquisition of wealth: serfs, to escape their life of misery: adventurers, in order to carry out their evil designing enterprises. Even the prisons were opened and the worst criminals were told to redeem themselves by slaughtering the intidels. The most heinous deeds of brutality and murder were associated with the Crusades. Great throngs, unwilling to wait until the time appointed for the Crusade, set out under reckless leaders, he ingdestitude of almost every thing, they contided in the generosity of the people through whose territories they passed, for susteuance. In Hungary and Bulgaria where their wants were not fully supplied, they began to take by violence what the natives refused them. They soon incurred the hatred of these people, who now continually followed them, killing stragglers and harassing them in every way possible. Only a remnant ever readied the Bosporus. The Crusades utterly failed in accomplishing the object for which they were undertaken. How could such sacrellgious expeditions succeed? Whenever an agreement had been made with the Turkish Sultan, the outrages of the Crusades upon the Mohammedans would bring the truce to a sudden end. The total destruction of the Latin power in the East was now the project of the Turks. One by one the strongholds captured by the Crusaders were retaken, until all Palestine was again in their hands. The Crusades against the Saracen Intidels ended in total failure. The way they were conducted they should have failed. When the continual disasters which befell the Crusaders are considered, one is made to wonder what motives induced the Pope to have them so repeatedly preached. Not religious motives, not the extension of Christianity was their design; but it was the api areni successful promotion of their own selfish interests which impelled them. On all the murderous expeditions, the more wicked anti iniquitous the fanatics were who conducted them, the more the results would please the Pope. The deeds of the most bloodthirsty criminals were called holy, If they had the spirit of Mediaeval Catholicism and massacred intidels and heretics. Tiie Crusades against the Saracen Infidels and the European heretics were called “Holy Wars. but they were nevertheless the most cruel and barbarous wars ever undertaken by people and nations claiming civilisation. As these expeditions were always associated with sucli barbarity, they would seem to have nothing but evil results. Rut great benefits were realized. These Unholy Wars brought Europe in contact will) the sciences and tlie literature of the East; destroyed feudalism and constituted society; promoted discovery and navigation: and gave an ardent impulse to the rising European nations: but the greatest and most profitable result was the Reformation. During the Crusades the people came in touch with Rome, and Crusading Catholicism was seen to be corrupt to the core. Pious monks, thinking Rome was a place hallowed by the presence of the Pope, were shocked, when they saw the voluptousness and skepticism there. The abuses and debasements in the Church were now more vividly realized than ever before. The Church's own officials wondered whether this could be Christianity. The Bible was now more widely read and Christianity was seen to be alien to Mediaeval Catholicism. The Word of Cod soon began to be preached and gradually the Reformation came to pass. Papal laws and decrees soon became ineffective, and the powerof the Papacy declined. The Church itself was compelled to reform, and a new era in Christianity opened. (i C II K S T K K W A I. T K K S Jfurrstni 3ht ahr By CHESTER A 7JTHE primitive forests of America were of immense extent, and contained a remarkable diversity of species, covering in the 17th century, all that portion of tlie North American continent which has been occupied by British colonists; but now it is doubtful whether any American state has more woodland than it ought permanently to preserve. The American forests contain about forty species of oak. sixteen conifers, several maples, ash, birch, beech, elm. hickory, poplar, magnolia, walnut and butternut. The eastern and midland states were at one time dense forests; now they are stripped and are compelled to ship in most of their timber from Canada and tlie West. The forests of the eastern states, which yielded the tinest and most valuable timber of America, are now reduced in extent and value. (California still possesses the magnificent Sequoia-Gigantea which, when full grown, attains an average height of 275 feet, and a girth of seventy feet at six feet from the ground; but It Is said that the devastation of the California forests is proceeding at a rate which is utterly incredible except to an eye witness. It Is true that a few of the most beautiful and valuable forests of the big trees at the northern extremity of the state, are protected by the state legislature, and a law has been passed forbidding the felling of trees over tifteen feet in diameter: but there is no law to prevent the cutting and burning of the smaller trees on which the perpetuation of the forest depends: or to prevent the burning of old trees, which, If they do escape the tire, will submit to the drought which the sweeping away of the environing forest will bring on. One of the greatest damages to the forests is that by tire. The total loss by tire for the year 1902 amounted to about 25,000,000. Within the forest reserves the loss from forest tires in 1902 was less than for several years, the burned area being 87.799 acres, as compared with 126.223 acres in 1901, and 158,607 acres in 1900. During the latter months of 1902, parts of Oregon and Washington were swept by tire causing losses amounting to nearly 815,000,000, while many lives were lost. In seeking causes for these tires It has been found that they were due. in most cases, to one of these three agencies: sparks from locomotives, carelessness with tire in clearing land, or abandoned camp tires. Many legislatures of a number of states are passing laws to prevent forest tires. The loss from tire probably amounts to over 920,000.000 a year. In the magnificent forests of Oregon and Washington, it Is said, more timber falls by tire than by the axe. Vet in Europe where scientific forestry prevails, forest 11 HuiUi Stairs . WALTERS tires are almost unknown. It happens in many com that the forest helps in protection. Soil which erodes easily by water, or is so sandy as to be blown away by wind, may be retained and improved by a forest covering- A forest furnishes the best possible covering for tlie watersheds of storage reservoirs. For this reason, fully as much as for the financial one. several water companies are planting extensively In the eastern states. Among the most important of these is the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board of Massachusetts. It is plain that tlie mountains are natural condensers of moisture, and that they form in nearly every instance the reservoirs from which our streams rise. It is necessary to examine closely what takes place on these slopes, if we wish to understand the behavior of the streams that are fed from this source. In temperate climates the greater part of the precipitation that takes place on the mountains is in the form of snow, which collects to great depths In canyons and forested areas. Over the bare sides of the mountains, the snow melts quickly by the direct rays of the sun, even when the temperature in the shade is below the freezing point. The ground also is hard and nonabsorbent, the water runs off quickly, and not only Is the soil washed away, but the streams rise to flood heights, after which the waters quickly subside and often sink beneath the surface leaving the bed of the river quite dry. Where the mountain sides are covered with forests, the conditions are quite different. Windfalls, dead leaves, twigs, and branches accumulate on the ground and form a mulch, while the soil beneath is more porous and softer than in the case of land bare of timber. The snow in the shade of tlie forests melts slowly, and the water sinks deeply into the ground forming springs, all of which tend to make the run off slower and steadier. Fortunately, public opinion has been aroused and forestry associations have been formed, to siiow the vast annual decrease of forests� and the urgent necessity of planting to a large extent. There Is a sentimental side to the forest which appeals to the people generally. The beauty of a virgin forest, Its antiquity and grandeur mark it as one of nature’s greatest works. But love of the forests alone will never bring about forestry. Forestry in its tinal analysis is a piece of cold blooded calculation and largely one of dollars and cents. It may seem, to those who never stop to think, that the forests of the i’nited States are as yet both extensive and rich, and it may seem that tlie cry that they are in danger of extinction is an exaggeration. Taking the country as a whole, this is probably true: but it is also a fact that many of our most beautiful and most valuable lumber regions, such as those in Minnesota. Michigan, Wisconsin, and other states, have been seriously stripped of their beauty and wealth. While It can not be said, as yet, that the forest planting is practicable for the United States as a whole, it does apply to a large part of this country and is of constantly increasing importance. The purposes for which forest planting Is practicable differ so widely for different parts of the country, that the subject ought to be considered with reference to the different regions of the United States. The considerations which determine the practicability of planting as a part of forestry for any specific region are the following: the present supply of useful timber: the need of the forest to provide shelter, to protect the soil, and to conserve moisture: the capacity of the forest to produce another crop; the value of the ground for other purposes than forest growth; the protection which can be given from fire and other dangers; and to receive a fair return on the investment. The government has already begun experimental planting in the San Gabriel. San Bernardino, and San Jacinto forest reserves in southern California, which are estimated by the United States geological survey to contain 1,447,000 acres of brush land, on which all valuable timber has been destroyed by fire. Since the reserves were established, the danger from fire has been greatly reduced. Two or three years experimental work has developed in an economical way, and more rapid methods of planting have been introduced. During the past seasons, the planting has been extended greatly. In the caseof the mountain slopes upon which planting is being done, the importance of a forest covering to conserve the water supply for the cities of Los Angeles and Pasadena and the surrounding country. Is considered so great that the Los Angeles Country Forest and Water Association and the Pasadena board of trade have contributed liberally towards the work. Forestry, in brief, is simply the art of managing forests and of utilizing them to the best advantages. The chief object of the forester Is to introduce better methods In the care of the forests and to manage the tlmberlands so as to secure the best returns, and also to Improve their conditions. A great writer says. “It was only a few years ago that tlie position of forestry was declared as an entirely new profession in this country with great opportunity offered to those who took up the work.” Anirrirau By ROY R THAKBSPEABE has said: “The mail that hath no music in himself Nor is not moved l� y concord of sweet Hounds, I� fit for treason, strataiccitiH, and spoils; The motions of his spirit are dull ns nijeht. And his affections dark ns Krehus. Let no such man l c trusted. If the above is true, we need have no fear for the American people. For we are a music loving people, and if we dolivestrenuous lives, yet we have found and do find time and room for line effort along musical lines. It has been only of comparatively recent date that American music has had recognition by those foreign countries which have been leaders in the musical world. American machinery, American methods of farming, American commercial enterprise were recognized as being the greatest, the world over, but American music was thought of as impossible. In these days, the works of American composers are given a hearing in London, Paris, and Berlin, and foreign musical journals give them extended space. Two American composers. Mac Dowell and Parker, have accomplished a great deal in bringing about this recognition of American music. MacDowel! by his gifted pen caused the music lovers of England and Germany to appreciate the possibilities of American music, and hereafter the American school will have a recognized standing in European art. Parker's success was gained largely in England through his choral composition. There were other Influences which brought about this recognition. The first real musical influence In America was the New England singing school of ye olden time. Later this influence extended to the West through the agency of the pioneers. In the following years when the Germans began coming In such large numbers, numerous singing societies were organized, the fore-runners of the musical festivals of the present day. Tliis German influence was also felt In instrumental music and teaching. So that we owe as it were, a national debt to Germany for helping us to develop our talent for music. A notlier influence in the beginning of American music was Theodore Thomas and ills orchestra, who by travelling throughout our country, created everywhere an appreciation and a taste for the music of the masters. Still another Influence was that of foreign composers like Dvorak, who on coming to tills country to teach, was so captivated by the sweetness and beauty of our American songs, such as the old time melodies of Stephen B. Foster. 13 ffluair BERLIN and the negro melodies of the South, that he endeavored to set fortli the exquisite rhythm of these melodies in various symphonies and overtures of his own. Various attempts have been made also to exploit the peculiarities of Indian art with some degree of success. The composers who make up what we may call the American School, as has been said, have not made as yet any marked impression on the musical world; but we have a few who have made for themselves a name and a place among the world’s great musicians. The names of MacDowell and Parker have already been mentioned. The former’s career was short and sad, yet he gave promise of great things. Parker, a Professor of music in Yale, is still young, and is greatly admired abroad. He may yet do something very great. He is chiefly noted for his choral works. John Knowels Paine, called tlie Dean of American composers, has been Professor of music in Harvard since 1862. He is noted for his orchestral compositions and for being the first American composer to be heard in foreign programs. Chadwick and Foote are held in very high respect, and may be compared favorably with modern European composers. Chadwick is noted for his overtures which are frequently played by orchestras in Europe as well as in America. He is considered by some critics, to be tlie foremost American in chamber music. He has also written three symphonies, and many songs and choral works. Foote is especially admired for his songs and instrumental compositions. America has the distinction of claiming one, who is considered by many as the most noted living woman composer, Mrs. H. II. A. Beach. Her musical education began at t lie age of six and was gained entirely in her native country. Her symphony “Gallic.” is especially noted and shows sucli strength and masterly treatment, that It might be assumed to be the work of a man. Among the successful orchestral conductors. Theodore Thomas, who has already been mentioned as perhaps being one of the greatest influences in familiarizing our people with the works of the great masters, and Walter Damrosch may be mentioned. Damrosch has a world wide reputation in his chosen field as orchestral conductor, and is also noted for the fine service he has done In furthering the Wagner Musical dramas. He, too, is a composer, the opera, -‘The Scarlet Letter,” and “Manila Te Deum,” are two of his works. The field of song is successfully represented by such writers as Ethelbert Nevin who, though of short life, yet lias a permanent place in the hearts and memories of song lovers, Clayton Johns, whose songs are noted for their melody, William G. Hammond. Isadore Luckstone, Henry Schoenlield and Margaret Ruthven Lang. Madame Nordica has said, “It has always been my aim to include American composers in every recital program that I sing, and fortwo reasons: patriotism, and the fact thatsome of the most beautiful things in modern song literature 14 are by Americans, for In this branch our composers have proved themselves masters of their art. ’ Although the day of America’s separate musical existence has not yet arrived, we do not doubt that our nation will In time develop her own musical language and win remarkable successes. Perhaps the reason for America composers failing to be recogni .ed in I lie realm of opera and symphony Is that their own public has failed to appreciate and has shown an indifference to their work. Certain it is, that the growth of our national music will depend upon our patriotism and our individual appreciation. 6 umr S rialifitir ahnirirs By FORREST DEFREES K'lALISM. the means by which the social condition of mankind are to lx bettered. Is a much misunderstood subject. To the average mind a socialist is a man who wants all the wealth of the world divided into as many equal parts as there are Individuals and then to be distributed among them, and who would have yon hobo” sunning himself down by the railroad track to receive as much and be on equal terms with the man who built up the great railroad system. Thlslsa mistaken idea. Those who think this, know nothing whatever of the principles of socialism. The idea of the modern socialist. Eugene Debhs, for example. Is that the government should own all the natural resources and all other utilities: that all members of the government should lie employed by It and should receive the profits from their labors Instead of some trust magnate, who by some bold stroke of luck or on account of some clever scheming has gotten control over some God-given resource that we are all supposed to enjoy and is now trying to get rich by It. while the fellow who does the work is living in poverty. The earnings of the government would therefore, be paid out in higher wages and a cheaper cost of the necessities of life would ensue. Thus the man who does the work would receive the profit. The goods to be distributed would come direct from the government factories and the other resources to the government stores, which would get rid of paying large profits to gold seeking manufacturers and large commissions to wholesale and retail houses. The goods would be shipped on railroads owned by the government and not on those whose owners are trying to increase their private fortune at the expense of the consumer. In this way the government would be conducted on the plan of a great manufacturing plant. Men with ability would rise to till the responsible places and would t)e recompensed according to their ability: merit would lx the only judge of a man. Society is sorely in need of a change for the better. The man who has only labor for sale in good times and in bad times, is the last to prosper and the first to suffer. This was illustrated in the last financial unrest. Shops were shut down and wages dec Teased all to the disadvantage of the man who labors. l)ld the cost of living decrease? No! It went on at tlie same rate regardless of those working on starvation wages or those entirely out of work. This Is not a square deal for the laboring man. Labor Is the foundation of our civilization. Take away labor, what Is left? There will be shops, railroads, farms and other industries but no one to run them. Labor is necessary. We cannot all be capitalists. Why then, if lalwr is indispensable.should those who latior not enjoy the fruits of their labor? They should, and they will do so. Legislatures are bought and sold for private gain. Justice is almost a matter of money. The man who has money and enough of it, almost always wins the case in court. Men with money are sometimes even acquitted of murder. We are charged exorbitant prices for freight and express, especially if goods are transferred from one of the many companies to another. There are a great many objections to tills proposed system of the modern socialist; the greatest being that it gives a much greater chance for political graft, and that dishonest and incapable men would receive responsible positions. This cannot be possible because politics will then mean more to a man: it will be a matter of business with him and responsible men will be elected to office. Caueases. conventions, and elections will be business meetings as between members of a firm or company. Capable men will be elected to government offices as are required to do the intricate pieces of work in other lines of industry. Another great objection Is that it will destroy personal ambition and individuality. This cannot be so, because every man will be working and striving for more responsible positions: and he will also know that the harder he works, the better he does his work, the more it will benefit him, and not only him but the entire community. Socialism is making more rapid progress than we are aware of. Daily we are receiving mail on a system founded on socialistic principles: that is. our government mail service. In our town. Nappanee. our light and water plants are founded on the same principles. These are successful institutions; we are proud of them and they are admired by other cities. Our Public School system is another example. There are many other institutions founded on socialistic principles and they are successful. If this is so. then the government might be successful in taking under its control all the industries. The time is coming when this will coine to pass. It cannot come at one bound, but must come step by step. The people must be educated to it. They must be made to see the benefits derived from It and also the moral right of such a system. When they do, then the revolution will come. This Is the socialist's view of conditions and his remedy for them. If this Is the one. time alone will tell. The number of socialists are increasing rapidly and If they should become a majority, they will apply this system as a remedy. But it will be many years, if ever, before this change shall come, because the greatest men in our great nation and in the world take a more conservative view of the question. (Errntorial Arquiaitimi nf abr Httitrb £tatru By RAYMOND WALTERS HEN our forefathers signed the treaty of peace at theclose of the Revolutionary war, it is more titan probable that not one man among them had even the slightest thought of the future size and greatness the country that they had established was to obtain. A growth from approximately 800.000 square miles with about 3,100,000 people sparsely settled on about 300.000 square miles in 1790 to about 3,556,000 square miles, besides the Island possessions, with about 70,000,000 people could not possibly have been conceived of then by even the greatest thinkers. The territory acquired was mostly by purchaseand at eight different times: namely: at the close of the Revolutionary war, the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the Florida purchase In 1829, the Texas annexation in 1845, the Mexican Cession in 1848, the Gadsden purchase in 1853, the Russian purchase in 1867, and last, the land acquired at the close of the war with Spain in 1898. By the treaty of peace at the close of the Revolutionary war, the United States consisted of all the territory it now holds east of the Mississippi river except Florida. This land could not be counted as an increase in territory to the United States for it was the nation then. There were about 849,145 square miles and consisted of the thirteen original states with their valuable claims to Western lands. From this land, besides the thirteen original states, the states of Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee. Ohio. Indiana, Illinois, Maine, Michigan and Wisconsin were formed besides most of Mississippi. Alabama, and Minnesota. There were no definite boundaries, but this did not raise much discussion until afterward. The first real increase was the Louisiana purchase in 1803. This territory was a wide expanse of land west of the Mississippi, owned by France. The United States was negotiating only for a port at the mouth of the Mississippi, but Napoleon needed money and startled the American embassies by offering the entire country. President Jefferson wanted the land badly, because he feared that if left in the hands of a strong nation like France it could be colonized and used to a great disadvantage against our nation: but the cort-stitution contained nothing in respect to land purchase and this was therefore beyond his powers. It was finally bought for $15,000,000, Jefferson relying on the will of the people to maintain his decision. This purchase was very important to the United States, for besides the great increase of territory. It secured the claims of the United States to the Oregon territory, and Texas, and the land of the Mexican Cession. From this territory was formed the states of Louisiana, Missouri. Arkansas. Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska. Montana. Wyoming. North and South Dakota, Idaho and Oklahoma and parts of Minnesota and Colorado. This land comprises al� out one-third of the entire territory of the United States, and has added to our country the valuable cotton fields of the South and the greater part of the prairies and the priceless wheat fields of the North, lias not Napoleon's word proven true when he said that '‘this accession of territory establishes forever the power of the United States, and gives to England a maritime rival destined to humble her pride?” The next addition of territory was the Florida purchase in 1829. This made an Increase of about 59,000 square miles and added Florida and gave Mississippi and Alabama their openings on the Gulf of Mexico: for Florida at that lime consisted of the Florida of today and a strip of land along the Gulf of Mexico to the Mississippi river. The real cost of this purchase was the assumption by the United States of the debts owed by Spain to citizens of our country: but it rounded out the corners of the nation and gave better protection from the Indians who would attack and then retreat Into Florida where our trooj� s could not follow. In 1846 the boundary line was definitely set tled as to the north-western limit of the United States. In 1818 it was decided to leave this land for further arbitration and that It was to be occupied jointly by the citizens and subjects of both United States and Great Britain. In 1824 and 1825 the northern limit of Oregon had been defined as 54 degrees 40 minutes in treaties between Russia on one part and Great Britain and the United States on the other. The claims of Great Britain and the United Slates to this land were extremely vague. The United States advanced their claims on, tirst, the discovery of the Columbia river by Captain Gray: second, the assignment under the Florida treaty to whatever rights the Spaniards had to these lands by discovery and exploration: third, the exploration of Lewis and Clark: and fourth, actual settlement: while the British claimed that Drake had sailed along the coast before any Spaniard: that the Spanish rights amounted to little in view of the agreement as to this coast in 1790 known as the Nootka treaty; that a British navigator had made a more thorough exploration of the Columbia, although it was based on information of Gray’s: and that British fur-trading companies practically occupied this region. These claims were so vague that compromise was inevitable: but politicians took the matter up as a means of conciliating the North to the admission of Texas as a slave state and cries of, “All Oregon or none,’' and “54 degrees. 40 minutes or fight,” were raised and for a while it seemed as though war would result between the two nations: but peaceful consuls prevailed and the matter was compromised to 49 degrees. This was a continuation of the northern boundary of the United States from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains and is the present boundary. From thlsterritory the states of Oregon and Washington were formed. In 1836 the state of Texas broke away from the existing subjugation to Mexico and formed a Republic known and recognized by the leading powers as independent of the authority of Mexico. For a period of ten years, it existed as a government of itself: but the finances fell into such disorder that its annexations to the United States was as desirable to them as it was to the Union, it became one of the leading questions in the election of 1344, and after the election of Polk was annexed in 1845. The limits of Texas were doubtful, Texas and the United States contended that it extended to the Rio Grande river as this had been the boundary in 1800 when Spain ceded it to France and when the United States bought Louisiana. The controversy rapidly developed until war was declared, in this war the United States was everywhere successful aud their generals seized and held California and New Mexico. In the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo it was agreed that the United States should pay 315,000.000 direct to Mexico and some $3,MO,000 more to American citizens for claims against Mexico and got in return, Texas in its widest sense. New Mexico. California, Nevada. Utah, and Arizona and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. After the war, disputes arose over the boundary line between the Gila river and Chihuahua and ended in the purchase, known as the Gadsden purchase, of about 45,000 square miles for 10,000,000. In 1807 W. ii. Seward closed negotiations with Russia which resulted in the purchase of Alaska. For the stipulated sum of 7,200,000, Russia agreed to give up all the land held by them west of the 141st degree of west longitude. Few people at that time realized the marvelous resources of this territory, but an idea may be gotten from the facts that the farthest extent north and south is nearly as great as from Maine to Florida and that the extent east and west is about equal to the distance from Virginia to California. The area of Alaska is about 577,000 square miles or over one-sixth as large as the United States It is one of our most valuable gold Helds, and the islands abound In seals. The products have amply paid for its cost many times over. The last territorial increase was in 1898 at the close of the war with Spain. The territory gained was small in comparison with the cost, but it added wonderfully to our island possessions. We acquired the islands of Guam, Hawaii, and Porto Rico, besides the control of the Phtllipines and Cuba. In all territorial acquisition there lias been none which would not uphold the honest policy that the United States government lias always been guided by: or none that would spot the pages of history as other great powers have been disgraced by. The land was needed: for as Europe poured her increasing horde of immigration into this great land of hope and freedom, space was required for them: and it is safe to say that these additions have made the nation that now stands forth, the greatest accomplishment of man. He would be a bold prophet indeed who would assert that the limit of our national expansion has been reached. There has already been oiiened to the American people the opportunity for such good work within theirown borders as has not been placed before any other nation since the sun first shone upon the earth. Let the people of the United Slates rise to the level of their opportunity and they will accomplish that for the benefit of mankind which it has not yet been given to any other nation to perform. 8 ftotnp Janui By RUBY M TtfROM the dawn of Creation to these, the opening days of the Twentieth century, there have been scores of famous women. Many of these became famous from being the wives or mothers of illustrious men. Others became so by reason of being born in royal families, or of themselves by reason of their alliance with certain public activities: while still others became so because of their virtues. There have been women warriors and queens in all ages: there have always been famous wives and mothers: but It Is in only comparatively recent times that we have had famous reformers, authors, musicians and philanthropists among women. In fact, we have women who have become famous in nearly all professions and vocations, for in these days nearly all Helds are open to them. However, we shall consider only a few types, and these with the exception of the first belonging to the last century. As an example of a woman warrior, let us take Joan of Arc. Probably no other woman ever showed so much courage and bravery as did she. Having been born on a little farm near Domremy, France, she spent much of her early life in the fields and forests and taking care of her father's sheep. She was taught only the necessities of life at that time, as most girls of her class were, and not even to read or write. One day when about thirteen years of age, while she was performing her daily duties, a heavenly vision appeared and she was told to be diligent and not to neglect her religious duties. At this lime war was waging between France and Kngiand. In several battles the French had been defeated and it seemed hard to get surtlcient help for them. Joan, having heard of this, prayed that her king might be victorious. The second vision appeared and she was told to go and fight for the dauphin. When she was rejected and called insane by her people, she made her way to the dauphin, begging him to let her lead the army. He consented, giving her a sword and white banner and she led the army on. being victorious in each battle. Soon she led the king l ack to Kheims to be crowned. Later while engaging In a battle with the Kngllsh. she was captured and thrown into prison. Here she suffered many hardships, was condemned, and at last burned at the stake, May 30, 1431. Such courage as she showed in all her trials has never been excelled and we may look on her as being the bravest of women. As a queen, we can find no better example than the life of (Jueen Victoria. ly ub fflumrn FIDLER Surely no queen was ever so prosperous and peaceful In her reign as she. She was born at Kensington palace. May 24, 1819, and being the only child of the Duke of Kent, she was brought up with great care. She was accomplished in music and drawing,and acquired a knowledge of science and foreign languages as she grew up she was taught to seek health by exercise and temperance. While yet a young girl she was thoroughly instructed by the Viscount Melbourne, in the principles of the British Constitution; so that on the demise of her uncle, William IV, she was prepared to ascend the throne. June 28, 1838, she was crowned queen of England. For two years she ruled alone, but on Feb. 10, 1840, she was married to Prince Albert, who shared with her the joys and sorrows of the nation for twenty-one years. On account of her husband's death, December 14, 1861, she lived in seclusion from public life for some time, and was given the whole care of her four sons and tive daughters whom she brought up with the greatest of care. Her stainless life and careful education of her children have won for her the admiration of the world. On June 21. 1888, she celebrated the fiftieth year of her reign with many ceremonies which took place in I ondon. Her subjects declared her to be the most constitutional monarch Kngland has ever had, and place her as an example to the world. Not only can France and Kngland produce such famous women, but America can also take her stand in ltie midst, l et us now turn to some of our native women who have done so much for our country. Harriet H. Stowe is one whom we prize highly. As some say. she caused a a great strife and the cost of many lives, yet she wrought so much good in our country that we do not think of the cost. She was born at Litchfield, Conn., in 1812, and remained there until 1823 when she went to the school of her sister at Hartford, becoming an assistant teacher at fifteen years of age. Although she was very fond of reading fiction, her mind was often turned to more serious subjects. At twelve, she wrote a composition on the question “Can the immortality of the soul be proved by the light of nature?” After a few years she went with her father to Cincinnati, and still having a great desire to write, she wrote for a paper and also short stories, one for which she received a prize of fifty dollars. Later she published a book called the Mayflower” in which she gives us a keen Insight Into New England character. It was during her visit at Brunswick that she wrote tlie famous book. I’ncle Tom’s Cabin.” When this reached the South, siie was so doubted by the southern press that she issued a “Key to I’ncle Tom’s Cabin.” When she visited Europe In 1853, she was received with much honor and Riven a petition for emancipation, signed by 1.000,000 women of Great Britain and Ireland. On her return to America, she removed to Hartford and made that her home, although she spent several winters In Florida. On July 1. 1891. she died. Her name will always be remembered in the history of our nation. Another woman who also did much for the preservation and the good of our country was Frances Willard. She was bom in New York in 18.'ii), and after graduating from the Northwestern College, site taught In various western towns. Some time after this she was elected president of the Evanston College. She was a great worker for the Christian Temperance Colon and did much for its progress. Of this society she became corresponding secretary in I 74. and president, in 1871 . She still had a desire to do more and I ?-camp a inemixr of the Executive Committee of the Prohibition Party. Now the world began to look to her as its temperance leader, and she was called to many places to give lectures. She wrote several beautiful books some of which are, Woman and Temperance” and “Nineteen Beautiful Years.” In 1898 she died, leaving her work to be taken up by her followers. Jenny Lind has been noticed in the annals of the world as one of the most noted singers. She was born at Stockholm. Sweden, in 182o. At her third year her voice attracted much attention and a brilliant future was set for her. When nine years old she entered the Conservatory at Stockholm and took a course in music. After some time she sang before the court with great success. She sang in some of the prominent theaters in London, Paris, and other cities. While in Paris she sang in public, but her voice was thought lacking in volume and site made a complete failure. She was heard to say that she would never again sing in France. From here she went to Prussia and dually to London, where enormous prices were paid to hear her. The receipts of these entertainments she distributed largely to charities and for the benefit of musical colleges in her native country. At the time of her tour through Mexico. West Indies, and the Cnited States, she was married in Boston to Otto Goldschmidt, a native of Hamburg. He. too. was a musician. and afterwards accompanied her as pianist. It is said her voice retained its sweetness to the last, hut she did not sing in public in later years. She was professor of singing in the Royal College of Music. She died near Malvern. November 2, 1887. Perhaps one of the most famous women Italy has ever produced is the great philanthropist, Florence Nightingale. She was born at Florence, Italy, in 1823, and was always loved on account of her great love and kindness to the poor and suffering. She was highly educated and brilliantly accomplished. Her greatest desire was to be the head of a great nurse department. When war broke out with Russia and so many nurses were needed, she offered to take a band of helpers and go to the hospitals. So at the tiiue of the Crimean war she was ready with her band to receive the wounded. She had great success; and while there she organized many nursing-departments and camp-hospitals. A great misfortune befell her then, asshe wasstricken with fever and It is said she has been an invalid ever since. She was never known to leave her duties unless it was necessary and would stand for hours In order to see all accommodated. In Longfellow's Santa Fllomena we can form a picture of her as she was at her duties: Lo! In the house of misery A lady with a lump f see I’liw through the glimmering gloom And lilt from room to room. “And alow ua hi u dream of hliaa The speerbleas aufTerer turim to ki Tin- ahndow , (ik it falls I’pon the darkening walls. “A lady with a lamp ahull stand In the great history of the land A noble type of good Heroic womanhood. The list is far from complete but it would be impossible even to mention the numerous other types of famous women whom the world has produced. Perhaps those whom we have mentioned may not lie the greatest in their especial spheres, but they are models of good, pure, unselfish, womanly women who kept stainless their lives and reputations even when in the most trying of situations, and proved to the world that women have a work to do and that they can do It well. They are types of all that is best and noblest In heroic, devoted woman)lood. i) tfmtiHlimts of Wraith By RALP fSTlIERE are two ways by which it is possible for tl� e wealth of the world to t)e equally distributed. One is by giving to every man an equal share: the other Is by giving every man in proportion to his ability and usefulness to mankind. The former Is Impracticable, because there are many who do not have the brain or will-power to keep money once they have It in their possession: and it would not I long until the money would again be In the hands of a few: although it would be years before it would again be as unequally distributed as at present. The latter, that of giving to every man In proportion to his ability and usefulness to his fellowman, could not be accomplished under our present system of Government. For we have no system or standard by which we could judge a man’s ability and usefulness. Although we might have examinations, yet these would not fully prove a man's ability. And even if such examinations were held they would be useless: for the Government controls no great industries where It could place every man in a position earned by his ability. We know that the wealth of the world is not divided so that every man has an equal share. And we have reason to believe that it is not divided so that every man has a share in proportion to his ability and usefulness to his fellow-man. Fordid.!. I . Rockefeller or any other great financier of modern timeaever do so much for humanity that he deserves hundreds of millions of dollars worth of this world’s wealth? Did any of them, or all of them together, ever do as much for humanity as Thomas A. Edison? Vet Edison, although wealthy, Is not enormously rich. And even if lie were, would he not deserve it? Many rich men have never done anything for civilization except with the thought of Increasing their own wealth and power. All that they do for humanity is to bestow on institutions the wealth they have obtained from the people, who would much rather give it themselves, if it is to be given. These men would not even give to these institutions if it were not that they can attach theirown namestothelr gifts and thus win that beloved notoriety. Whenever Carnegie bestows a library, the most prominent part is his name above the main entrance. And when Rockefeller gives a million to Chicago University or to Rockefeller institute, he is very careful to have all the papers informed so that they can add to his fame, thus it is that the rich man wins notoriety. These ricli men seek money for its own sake, as well as for the power and fame it will buy them: not for what it will buy for other people. And they in Shr Huttrf) Stairs H STOSE obtain It becau.sc the common people cannot help themselves and must pay the prices made by the rich men through their tools, the trusts. All rich men may have ability, but have they usefulness to mankind? No! many of them, instead, are a direct menace to the happiness and welfare of their fel-lowmen. They do not care how much the world suffers, if they can only gain glory and power or wealth. Their only ambition in life is money or Its equivalent. And they never relinquish the ambition to acquire more and do it by whatever means may serve their purpose. As Virgil in his Aeneld very truly says, l uid non mortalia pectora cogis: auri sacra fames? Napoleon Bonaparte was a very ambitious man. He desired power, and, as he had ability and no conscientious scruples, he obtained power: although lie did it to the great detriment and ruination of France. And he did it in ways which every sane man condemns. Our modern money kings are very similar to Napoleon, for they care as little for principal and fairness as did he. Some of the monstrously rich men have probably gained wealth by foresight and shrewdness: but these are very few. More have gained It by scheming and using methods that no honest man would use. This class does not hesitate to set aside tlie laws of man or of God in furthering their own interests. This has been proven in many cases: one of which was the tine imposed on the Standard Oil Company by the Cnlted States Government because they accepted rebates from the railway companies. This tine amounted to twenty nine million dollars, to pay which It would cost every person in the I 'lilted States about thirty cents each. But tills tine will never be paid: for the interest on this amount is more Ilian one million dollars per year. A sum much more than enough to carry the case on indefinitely in the courts: thus giving the Company the use and control of t lie money besides the surplus interest. This proves that because a man has money lie can defy the courts and set aside the laws of our great nation. Another case similar to this was that of Baker, a lobbyist in our State Capital, who acting as an agent for the tobacco trust, distributed money among the State Representatives to secure legislation which was decidedly in favor of the tobacco trust and against the people. These dealings were exposed and Baker lied the country. He has never been found, neither iias any complaint been made in the courts against the tobacco trusts. They are probably today carrying on similar negotiations In every state in the Cnion, and even in tlie Congress. It is thus that the people are ruled by a few rich men who are able by bribery to pass laws to suit themselves and to further their own interests. Such acts as these on the part of the rich and powerful, were the direct causes of tlie Rebellion of the (� racehi in Rome. Wat Tyler’s Rebellion in England, and the horrible Bread Riots of France. Even In modern times, a rebellion with a like cause, the oppression of the powerful, is taking place in Russia, a rebellion which nearly equals the Bread Riots in horror. Although there may be no danger of a repetition of the Bread Riots in America: yet. unless a change is made in our tinancial system, and our great financiers curbed, the people will cause trouble: for there Is a limit to their endurance of oppression, and they are now treated with no consideration for their rights. It is by imposing on the rights and usurping the privileges of their fellow-men that these extremely riel men have obtained their wealth: for after reaching a certain degree of wealth they can regulate their own prices. Sometimes this Is accomplished by uniting in trusts: sometimes by scheming and driving out competition: and once they get started, they crush coinpetl lion by means which the law does not countenance. It seems as though their only motto is, “Might makes right. A poor man would have no chance to run competition to any of the great trusts or combinations. Even the founders of these trusts would have but little or no chance to start a business in opposition to tlie organization they now control. Therefore, all men no longer have an equal chance. And this alone proves that men do not always have wealth according to their ability: for they do not have an equal chance to get ahead in the world. At the present time, out of eighty million people in the U. S. statistics show that about one hundred thousand have as much of this world’s goods as all the rest together: or that one man has as much as eight hundred others. Is this right, has this man as much ability and usefulness as eight hundred others together? Either the others are useless, or his usefulness Is beyond comprehension. And is the rich man’s son necessarily possessed of as great ability as his father? Vet he will inherit his father’s possessions without any effort on Ills part. We, ourselves can help in the just distribution of wealth only by securing honest legislation and laws regulating and controlling the action and policies of the wealthy. While we would not destroy personal ownership or individual activity, corporate wealth should be controlled and the interests of the people should be protected. Both the state and the federal government may assist in applying the remedies for these evils. The state possesses the power to incorporate and can determine the privileges a corporation is to enjoy In tlie state. The federal government under its power to regulate interstate commerce, can regulate the privileges of corporations trading between the states. Here Is sufficient authority that if tlie state and federal government work together the problem can l � solved. Make our laws strong enough and enforce them without fear or favor, and many of the evils and evil tendencies of the Immense wealtli will be removed. lihf Spirit nf Cibfrty By GLADYS STUTSMAN HE Spirit of Liberty is afloat in this broad universe now, and has been from the beginning of the human race. Among tlie civilized and among the uncivilized as well, that self same spirit constantly strives within every living being. This may be said not of human beings only, but of every living tiling. Does not even Nature herself teach us the love of Liberty? She teaches us a grand lesson in so tiny a thing as a blade of grass: or in the rose. The rose lies imprisoned during the cold winter days: yet, when spring comes, and the warm sunlight sheds its beams, how it thrives and puts forth its tiny petals to be free and at liberty to catch each ray of the glorious sunlight: Its portion of the dew drops: and the ever welcome and warm drops of rain. The same may be said of the sturdy oak. Once its germ was imbedded in a small shell, but nature's love of liberty constantly caused it to thrive and thrive, until It has grown to lx a noble tree an honor to God and a blessing to mankind. Yet with Nature’s teachings of the love of liberty all around us. how much more attractive to the human eye Is the love of Liberty In the human race. How we today honor the bravery of our forefathers when they threw off the despotic yoke of the mother country, and declared themselves free and independent. We are all aware of how the people unanimously agreed to associate for the purpose of defending with arms, their lives, property, and liberty. The Spirit of Lilwrty burned ardently in the hearts of such men as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Samuel Adams. It was the love of Liberty that caused the Sons and Daughters of the Colonies to form societies, known as the Sons and Daughters of Lilierty. to aid in the great struggle. Liberty and Freedom was the main spring of the American Colonies: and as a result, we can now sing from the depthsofour hearts that grand song given us by Samuel Smith: My Country! ’tin of thee. Sweet land ot Liberty, Of thee I Bing: Lund where my futliert died ! Lund of the pIlurlm'N pride! Prom every mountnin wide! Let freedom rime. Abraham Lincoln realized the value of Liberty when be called for a hundred thousand volunteers that there might never more be a slave in the land of the free. His heart beat with sympathy for the slave when be issued the Emancipation Proclamation. Freedom seemed to be the sole aim of the slave, and so it is Lite aim of our entire country today. As we strive nearer perfection we gain more true Liberty. It is universally believed that the best writers of all ages have failed in a large measure to produce a satisfactory outline of the character of Liberty. A profound expression of tlie wonderful character of Liberty may be found in the silent tear and most pitiful countenance of the young student who daily pursues his studies only to find that the harder lie toils the more servile he becomes to the literature of the day. For there Is always that constant desire to advance and be more free. Undertake to measure tlie value of Liberty by whatever standard we may and wo shall fall as far short as we should to measure infinitude itself. But Infinite Wisdom and goodness aid us lieautlfully to tlie appreciation of it in that language which Is so familiar to every living being, “Love of Liberty” or “innate love and knowledge of Liberty.” It Is a God-given principle to everything in the present and all past ages, and the same spirit will be instilled in all the future ages. Another grand thought other than the Love of Liberty is our relationship to it. if we wilfully violate any of these laws of relationship a suffering of penalty must surely follow. We are duty bound then to constantly strive toward true liberty. Yet with all our striving, our toiling, and our tears, the human mind can never fully comprehend the true greatness of Liberty. Even the best educated and the liest talented men and women in our land realize that they are, to a certain extent, in bondage: for no matter how far advanced one may Ik- there is always a desire to receive and to impart more knowledge and to be more free. But the desire for true Liberty Is never gratified until the soul of man lives on in freedom with the life of God himself: and in striving to reach that goal there are many things to be done. The true spirit of Liberty Is not a selfish spirit, but reachesout after all mankind. It is not the plan of the great Giver of Liberty that bis children who are blest w ith freedom should rest: but that they should strive mightily to bring in the day when Liberty In Its fullest. completes sense may be realized. It should l)e the aim of every liberty loving man and woman to throw off the restraints which tend to keep them from doing their duty to their fellow-men. Lowell, who was a lover of liberty in its broadest and best sense, has given expression to his ideas on the subject in the following stanzas, and what more comprehensive view can we obtain of the true spirit of Liberty: Man ! whow boast it is that ye Comic of fathers l rnve ami free. If there breathe on earth u slave. Are ye truly free and brave? If ye do not feel the chain. When it work? a brother's pain. Are ye not huge slaves indeed, Staves unworthy to l� e freed? Women! who shall one day bear Sons to breathe New England uir. If ye hear without a hlush. Deeds to make the roused blood rush Like red lava through your veins, For your slaters now in chains,— Answer! are ye tit to be Mothers of the brave and tree': “Is true Freedom but to hreuk Fetters for our own dear suke. And. with leathern hearts, fornct That we owe muiikliid a debt': No! true freedom is to share AM the chains our brothers wear And, with heart and hand, to be Karnest to make others free! “They are slaves who fear to speak For the fullon and the weak. They are -laves who will not choose Hatred. SCOllinK. and abuse. Father than in silence shrink From the truth they needs must think They ure slaves who dare not be In the ritfht with two or three. tSlaturif nf ahr By RALP1 itfkV the twenty-five promising students who entered the freshman elass t f the Nappanee 11 i h School In 1904 only eight seniors are left to tell the tale to the waiting crowds of Commencement night. May 13. 1908. Of these eight, two are girls and six boys. One girl and two boys live in the country and have dally attended school in spite of the weather. Of those who have dropped out of the class several went to preparatory schools to complete special courses, one boy is studing for the ministry, one boy found It necessary to leave because of defective eyesight. Another married and moved to a distant town while three boys enlisted in the I’nlted States Army. Of these, one, Charles I uker, who until the present year was a member of our class, died a few weeks ago. lie was well respected ami admired by his classmates, who expected great things of him in whatever he should undertake, lie won honor for his class and school by winning a prize offered for the best original story, in the National High School paj er. lie always led in his studies and was greatly respected by his Instructors. As a member of the army he had already won promotion and gained the respect of his superiors. And we are confident he would have made a name for himself if he had lived. Although the class has lost many of Its members, It has always held Its own in its class battles, as has been proven several times. In lwr. In the tight with the Juniors for the schoolhouse and right to paint our letters on the belfry, we gained possession of the schoolhouse and also captured the paint of the Juniors, but we were so bombarded with stones that we could not get on the belfry. After a long watch, the Juniors made conditions of truce which were: that we should go home and they would do tin- same, and promise not to molest the schoolhouse that night. We believing other people to be as honest as ourselves went home. Hut alas! Our trust and confidence in (Class uf 100B -1 STOSE mankind was to receive a sad blow. For the next morning the ’07 of the Juniors glared at us from the lofty belfry burning an eternal distrust of mankind into our hearts. The next class trouble was with these same Juniors who had now become Seniors. On May 13, 1907, four of our boys were attacked by the Seniors and as we were separated at the time we were forced to take to our heels. This same bunch of Seniors seven in number put a pennant upon the water tank 127 feel above the ground. Where they were confident the timid Juniors would not venture. Hut on Commencement night while two Juniors were changing the pennant of 07 for that of’08. the rest of the class diverted the attention of the Seniors. If evil lookscouldkill.it is very likely that noclass would graduatetlus year, as we certainly received them when we tacked the ’07 pennant totliedecorat ions of our lx x in the Auditorium. Murmurs of unfairness were heard from the Seniors, who had forgotten about a similar trick performed by them against the graduating class of '(Hi. The Alheletics 1007 and 1908 were confined to football. Four members of the 08 class being members of the team. We had the best team that Nappa-nee lias produced in several years. Of the live games we played we won three. Losing the first two through inexperienced players and lack of practice. We also lacked a good coach and trainer to prepare us for these games, hut after the second game we procured the services of B. I'line. and lost no more games, although we were pitted against old and experienced players. In our last game we defeated Milford by a score of 15 to 0. Indeed we have cause to be proud of our football record. There is some talk of a baseball team this spring but this is still rather doubtful although we have some good material in our school. � (Class Stugraphira v k k x « x Culp Vernon, our able president was torn September it, 1HX'. on his father's farm l miles north-east of Xuppanee. He attended the Culp school until the time of his graduation when he entered the Xuppanee High School. Since that time, he hn« rarely missed a day. and lias always led his classes in grades. He has always held the respect of his teachers and class-mates. His class spirit was very strong, he being one of the juniors of 1907 who blurted the senlorson the night after commencement. CHESTER WALTERS Chester, the secretary and treasurer of our class was bom December 2.1888. in Xuppanee. He received his start in the first grade of this town's public schools at the age of six years. He played tackle on the football team where he conducted himself with great credit. Chester will prohubly enter some college of engineering and in the future be a credit to this great class. Roy Berlin Rov, the successful business manager of the famous class of 1908, was torn on his lather's (arm 3)6 miles north of Napponee. January 27.1890. lie attended the Berlin school until his gruduution from common schools, from where he changed to the Nappanee High School, lie lias tilled the position of left guard on the football team for three years, and his grades show that his studies were not neglected. His desire is to continue his education in some college in the future. F O R R K H T DlFRKKS Forrest was torn on November 20. 1M©. in Mill-wood, Indiunu, and that sleepy town lius never gotten over it surprise of producing such n w ide uwuke toy. lie has l cen on the High School football team three years, tilling the |� itiou of right end w ith credit to himself and team. He also took an active |«irt in the class tight in 1907. He will continue his education in some professional college. Raymond Walters Raymond, the youngest but not the least of this class, was born in Nappanee. January 18. 1891. His school work lias always portrayed him as an able Scholar. He is the editor of this paper, which fact, proves his merit. Although he has not yet mapped out his future career, we are certain it will lie a success both in gaining a noble reputation for himself and in raising yet higher the honors of his doss. R i: it Y FIDLER Ruby, another menilier of the class of IKK. has show n herself to lie an able composer. She was torn in Wakarusa. May 19.1N � . After finishing a few of her first grades there, her parents moved to Napiumee where she finished her common school course ami entered high school She has always liven an ardent supporter of the class spirit and honor. Ralph stoke Ralph, the historian, was torn Mu 20. I� . In the pleasant town of Nappanee. and he has never had a desire to change his locution. Although he encountered many diOicultie he managed to successfully complete his grades and high school course. Ralph ployed center on the N. II S. foot ball team. He also desires to continue his education in college. « I. A I) Y 8 ST r T S M A X Tlds progressive class also contains in its midst u prophetess, THudy . who was torn February 9. IKK), at New Paris. Indiana. She attended various country schools until the time of her graduation from common schools After attending Milford High School one year she changed to the Nupisi nee High School. She has shown a line spirit in Iasi allairs and in the pursuance of her studies. (ClafiB ottg—:Sight Blur and (gold lunr (Oramir auft Vtark) By GLADYS STUTSMAN I. A I THOUGH High School's always favored • The colors white and blue. And the gentle class of naught eight To these colors have been true: While we own the High School colors. And have honored them of old. Naught eight stands as defender Of the light blue and the gold. II. Through the four long years of High School Midst the scenes we've known so well, The mystic charm to knowledge We've sought vainly to dispel: We have won athletic victories On the football Held of old For the sake of dear old High School And the light blue and the gold. ill. When the cares of life o’er take us And our locks with age are gray. Should our hopes and plans betray us Friends and fortunes pass away: We may banish all our sadness Fill our hearts with joy untold, Hy recalling scenes of gladness 'Neath the light blue and the gold. ttlafiB IJnrm By FORREST DEFREES TIN Nappanee there Is a class Of genius, wit and brain: All other classes to surpass Have tried, but all In vain. This Is the class ’08 you see. No wonder we’re so wise, And have a future that’s to be Tremendous for our size. We are In number only eight. We’re happy just the same: When something’s doing, we’re never late If so, we’re not to blame. The reasons I shall tell to you. They are in number, three: Patience and diligence are two, And last Is Jollity. Our reputation while in school Has been the very best: We’ve never tried to break a rule Nor tried to miss a test. We stick together just like glue: Our motto is. “Stand Pat;’’ If you would find this statement true. Naught seven will tel) you that. Now for a closing word or two. I would be understood: For I must make it clear to you There are others most as good. Hurrah! Hurrah! for Nineteen Eight: The class that’s small, but wise: We shall be clever, rich and great. For we’re the kind that tries. ’2« Jfruphrry of Shr By GLADYS S' NO sooner had I learned that through me the future of the class of 190 must be made known, than I repaired for light on the subject to the cave of the Sibyl unto whom Apollo discloses the future. Arriving there, I made known my errand and the Sibyl realizing that 1 had come with a lofty purpose immediately fell under the Influence of the god. Her looks changed, her color came and went, tier locks became disheveled, her breast heaved and her tierce heart swelled with enthusiastic rage. •‘Instantly begin.”she said, “with vows and prayers, for not ‘till then shall the ample gates of this awe-stricken mansion unfold to thy view.” At this, chill horror ran thrilling cold through my very bones, and 1 replied: “O thou most holy prophetess, skilled in futurity, make known unto me the future of tlie class of 1908 of the Nappanee High School and I shall see to it that each member of that class shall dedicate himself to the service of Apollo. Only commit not thy verses to leaves, the sport of the rapid winds, but thyself pronounce them.” At last after a struggle to disburden her soul of the mighty god, t he prophetess poured forth her responses into my wailing ear. But in order that they may be perfectly clear to my readers. I shall relate them in my own language. Great are to be the accomplishments of this class. Not Nappanee, nor Elkhart County. nor even Northern Indiana will be a large enough field for their achievements. In the City of South Bend on East Grand Boulevard will be found a stately mansion, mistress of which will be Ruby Fidler. Although the Sibyl made known to me tlie future name of this mistress I shall not venture to repeat it. Her house will be noted for Its greai social events and should any of the class happen to appear at her beautiful home they will always be welcome. Ralph Stose will betake himself to the great centers of commerce where he will berate the rich and seek to bring about a fairer distribution of wealth. Through his untiring labors all questions of capital and labor will lie settled. Each man. woman anti child in tlie nation will possess an equal amount of property and all will rise up and call Stose blessed. But while Stose is pursuing his lalxirs of love, pleasure-loving Forrest IH frees sometime mechanic, physician, and farmer, but now a globe-trotter, will Ik passing from one continent to another.y (siting all Hie places of Interest from the Sahara’s sandy wastes to the top or the North Bole, and from the )rlent to the Occident. Indeed he will have sailed around the world in a gasoline launch, Ids time in doing so being a record breaker. Being well supplied with financial resources, lie will lx- able to indulge his most aesthetic tastes and it will lie his sole delight constantly to change scenes. 29 (Elans uf 1908 TUTSMAN In the rDiversity of Berlin, a famous German American Professor, Herr Vernon N on Culp will hold complete sway over the minds of the Studentens who will come from all over the world to sit at ids feet. Indeed so famous will lie have become, because of his exceptional talent as a linguist, that the Kaiser himself will have awarded 1dm a medal for his attainments. Besides tills, a list of degrees will be found after his name which will make tlie greatest scholars hold their breath in awe. lie will be a member of several Pldloglcal societies and of the famous Deutsche Gesellschaft. On a beautiful well stocked farm in Klkhart county, there will reside Boy Berlin known far and wide as an authority on all subjects pertaining to agricultural pursuits. Besides being a regular contributor to various farm periodicals, lie will lie in great demand at institutes as a speaker on agricultural topics. His handsome country home, titted with all the modern conveniences, will show how-far it is possible for the country gentleman to enjoy the same advantages as his city brother. He will have been sent to the Legislature several terms and a | ersistent rumor will be alloat that Berlin's name may lie added to the list of Indiana’s farmer governors. This class will have a representative in the scientific world also. Chester Walters will have made Idmself famous asan electrical engineer. Steady application and attention to the details of his calling will have been the reasons for Chester's marvellous success. He will also be an authority on subjects pertaining to electricit y and w ill be a regular contributor to the Scientific American and other similar periodicals. Besides lids lie will be a member of several scientific societies. Leading a quiet, but none the less helpful life, devoted to his calling, ltay-inond Walters will be found as a Professor of Mathematics in one of the great American I 'Diversities. Though lie will lx unostentatious and will even place himself in the Ijackgrotind. his influence will lx? for good in the lives of tiiose with whom he comes in contact. Professor Walters will be a most popular Instructor and the text books which lie will publish will be widely used. Ills Commercial Arithmetic will be especially popular and ids old classmates will smile anti look wise when they see the children eagerly solving the problems found therein. Having uttered these prophetic words the Sibyl became calm and turned away: but I lx gan. “And what, O mighty prophetess, wilt thou say to me, the humble bearer of these messages? ’ Thy future, O daughter. Is as yet obscure. she replied, “but return to me a few years hence, and I shall then pour into thine ears thy destiny. For the present be ye content. fteraonalfl Miss Kuehl: (referring to a row of words): Miss Fidler. just go up and down. Miss Throne- (Jive some proof that heat expands. Raymond Well In summer we have the longest days because it’s hot. Flossie (Junior Hist.): Peter the Great went to England to learn a trade and then went to Holland to work in the stockyards. Prof. Miller -Don’t you remember when Henry IV was excommunicated and journeyed to Canossa and stood three days and nights lareheaded and in his shirt sleeves to ask the Pope’s pardon? Roscoe—I didn’t know they wore shirts then. Prof. Miller What new route did Cabot lake to the new world? Harvey—Sassafras root. Prof. Miller (Freshmen Civics): What kind of mines are in Indiana? George Oil mines. The school board is considering whether it will Ik cheaper to furnish Lloyd with rubber heels or put in a new Moor. Roy (Physics): Put those a little closer apart. Soph. Hist. Who was the founder of Christian religion? IAing silence -at last a meek voice from the back of the room hesitatingly xsked. “Was It Jesus Christ? ne thing that won’t l� e on exhibition is Clarence’s “history grade. At the reception Roscoe, do you want some more sherliet? Roscoe What’s that? Miss Volivia--If you don’t stop I’ll slap my mouth right on your mouth. Roy (reading): In Haiti they found their first gold I didn't know that was in California. Freed (German): Schwoert nlcht zu Oestreich. Translation I not swear to ostrich. In Sophmore English the meaning of syntax was given a tax on whiskey.” Flossie Y. (In Junior hist.): After Gladstone had died once-Prof.—How often would you expect him to die? Ruby Fidler (Senior Hist.): In 1860 there were 30,000 square miles of railroad In U. S. Note—We are glad there is something square about a railroad. Prof. (Civics): What is meant by watered stock?” Howard Is it live stock? Ralph (In Virgil): Three times he strove tocast his armsabout her neck Professor, that’s as far as I got. Prof. Excused, that was quite far enough. Prof, (in hist.): Chester, what is the next topic? Chester-The tarllT of abdominations. Forrest (in Virgil): Our ancestors will remember this happy day In the future. Roscoe Miller—If money talks It Is not on speaking terms with me. Miss Throne (in Geometry): Forrest, how many sides has a circle? Forrest Two. Miss Throne What are they? Forrest- Outside and Inside. Miss Voliva fin English): Just make a mental note of this point. Dean I’ve lost my mental note book. Harvey Miller, President. Roscoe Miller, Vice-President. Florence Miller. Secretary. Flossie Young, Treasurer. Cara Sloat. Clarence Herr. Lois Frazier. Vera Miller. Flossie Clouse. Frankie Miner. Alonzo ( verhob er. ophmorF (Class M otto:—Pa u l atim . Colors:--Royal Purple Ani White. Ray Smeltzer, Gladys Lopp, Pearl Weber, Mabel Gulss, Gladys Johnson. Helen Nold, Herbert Neher, Ruth Fisher, Enid Thomas, Blanch Fahlstroro, Bernice Freese. Clem Brown, Dean Whiteman. Ruth Price. Freed Miller, Willis Wilson, Forrest Stose. Eiiast By RUTH PRICE TtfELLOW CLASSMATES: I rise to give this toast for your benefit as well as for mine. When we thirty-two youngsters entered High School the jovial Juniors and soft Seniors greeted us with great applause. Although we have brought our teacher to the very verge of hysteria followed by nervous prostration with our tongues loose at both ends, we can always set an example for the very quiet and studious (?) pupils in the Fire Drill. I hope that we will all hitch our wagons to a star so that when we leave this High School and settle down in our different professions, when the teachers who teach us now. get old they can amuse themselves by attending court over which Hon. Forrest Stose presides, taking delightful excursions in Willis' touring car. reading Joy Franklins poetry, visiting Enid thet ueenof France, attending Mable and Bernice's musical entertainments, viewing the art and sculpture of Ruth Fisher, reading of Ray as the greatest player among the White Sox. looking at Freed’s cartoons in the Chicago American, visiting Helen Nold’s school, reading of the great inventions of Herbert and Dean and of Clem’s trip around the world, visiting Glady Johnson’s country home a mile south, visiting the dress making and millinery department of Gladys, Pearl and Blanche, and if this makes them sick I invite them to my hospital in Chicago where there will be trained nurses (?) in plenty. 32 cTIjp Alumni AfiBuriattun (Drgamzatuiti anil JJurpmir By HAROLD COPPES FRY frequently we are reminded of tlie days we spent in High School, of the many pleasant times we had during our four years sojourn In that care-free age of boyhood and girlhood, and of the numerous delightful associations which cluster inseparably about those days. We feel, oftentimes, that we would like to meet again those of our class, those with whom we were closely associated, those instructors whom we all loved, even though, at the time, we felt that some of their measures of discipline were harsh and without cause, but which, as we see them now, we realize were for our own good. Again, I say, we frequently feel that we would like to renew those friendships, those associations of years past, and we call upon memory to part the veil of years which separates us from the time which we spent within the portals of the old High School, and allow us for the space of a few short hours to live over again with our classmates, and those with whom we were so closely associated, those happy times. it is for this reason, and. of course, other reasons to be mentioned later, that the notion and idea of an alumni association, an organization which almost every High School possesses, made itself felt. We think that it can In made a benefit, not only to those active In the association, but also to tlie undergraduates who have not yet emerged from the portals of the High School. The association, through personal influence and through the medium of its publication, can influence some, perhaps, to take a college course at some good University, and thus continue their education. It can through the same source encourage the training of the physical side, as well as the mental, in the form of athletics: it can help keep alive an interest in the schools, which may tend to better them in some way: and. lastly, it will furnish something which will develop a social function that will lie beneficial to and enjoyed by all. Therefore, having for some time felt the need of an alumni association, as many of the alumni of the High School as could be seen, were Invited to attend a meeting on the night of l� ecember 27. for the purpose of organizing a permanent association. The numtier that attended the first meeting was very small indeed, scarcely over six. Feeling that some Immediate action should be taken, those present proceeded to draw up articles for a constitution. the by-laws thereof, and to talk over plans and the manner of proceeding to make the organization permanent and efficient. When all was done, that those present thought they were warranted in doing, It was decided to adjourn and call another meeting a week from that lime, at which it was hoped all those alumni in town, who possibly could, would be present to ratify and vole upon the constitution, and that matters relevant to the forming of the association could be decided upon and officers elected. The second meeting was held one week after the first meeting. At this second meeting quite a number were present. The constitution was voted upon and tfie following officers were elected: President, Harold Coppes: Vice-President. Clare Whiteman: Corresponding Secretary. Karl Freese: Recording Secretary. Mabel Hutson: Treasurer, Dinah Hartman. Then there was a social committee elected composed of three members: Chairman. Pansy Kanlz, Harley Rickert. and Clarence Pollock. We earnestly urge the hearty support of each and every member of the alumni. The association is not a personal affair, is not made for any particular number or set of individuals, but is for every one of the alumni. Let us all co-operate to make the association a success, and to do this, we must all lend a helping hand and encouraging word, instead of being indilTerent to everything. Let us all payourdues, which, 1 feel sure that almost everyone can afTord to pay, and attend the gatherings given by the association. I. in behalf of the association, wish to thank those of the alumni who have gone ahead with the work of getting out this annual: for it is no small task. I also wish fo thank those who have so willingly contributed articles for the annual. I wish to say that I do not desire to take any credit unto myself for the arranging of matters for the annual, but rather confer these honors upon the Vice-President, and those who assisted her. The Social Committee are worthy of special mention for the efforts put forth to make the banquet a great success. Each alumnus should show his appreciation by being present to welcome the class of IJfos into the Alumni Association. We heartily appreciate the efforts of every one. who by word or deed, especially the latter, have given aid and support to the organization, and we hope that the Alumni Association of the Xappanee High School shall forever prosper and 1m? a great success. CLASSES AND MEMBERS Glass ok I 98 -Mrs. Chas. Mutscliler. Mrs. Chas. Inks, Mrs. 1'lery Shively, Miss Grace Miller. Miss Treva Rlckert. Nappanee. Ind.: Mrs. Campbell McKay, Worthington, Ohio: Mrs. Bertha Pratt Tremaine: Mrs. Ora Stoutenour. Goshen, Ind.: Lieut. Ira Longenecker, Jolo .lolo. Pth Inf. P. I.: Lieut. Chas. Swartz, Nome, Alaska. 10th Inf. Ft. Davis. ( ’lass ok 1899—Flora Culp, Alpowa. Wash.: Mrs. Ida Varian, 1112 San Bafael St.,ColoradoSprings.Col.: Ida Weyburn. Mrs. Edgar Plppenger, Harley Itickert, Floyd McEntaffer. Marvin Coppes. Nappanee, Ind.: Mrs. Drusilla Stuck man, Kimrael, Ind.: Aaron Jacobs. 129 Alfred St., Detroit. Mich.: Chas. Wilson, Ashland, Ky.; Chas. Yoder, Goshen, Ind.: Raymond Rupp, Kendallville, Ind.: Harry Whiteman, 944 E. 105 St., Cleveland. Ohio: Joseph Dennis, deceased. Class of 1900—Mrs. Harley Rlckert. Ethel McEntatTer, Mrs. Marvin Coppes, Arihur Hartman, Melvin Hartman. Nappanee, Ind.: Mrs. Roscoe HulT. 744 College Ave.. Racine, Wis.:Mrs. Henry Kahler, Allison, Mich.: Chester Wisler, Goshen, Ind.: Clyde Early, Cheyenne, Wym., Gleeson Merc. Co.: Clarence Beghtel, 1995 Gladys Ave.,Chicago, 111.: Clarence Frazier, 247 Dearborn Ave., Chicago, 111.: Roscoe Sensenich, South Bend. Ind. Class ok 1901—Clara Gray, Portland, Mich.: Mrs. C. J. Marshall, Topeka, Ind.; Muriel McLaughlin, 325 Thermal! Ave., Elkhart, Ind. Class ok 1902—Ida Blessing: Karl Freese. Dinah Frazier, Mrs. Edward l.apo. Miss Beulah Tillman, Miss Clare Whiteman, Hubert Weygand. Nappanee, Ind.: Mrs. Chas. Wilson, Ashland. Ky. Class ok 1903-Jesse Good, deceased; Mrs. Reuben Lehman, Liinon. Col.; Louis Jacobs, 129 Alfred St., Detroit. Mich.; Edna Moslman, 925 Portage Ave.,South Bend, Ind.: Monroe Melllnger, Spokane Wild Co., Spokane, Wash.: Logan Reinoehl. 229 E. Calvert St., South Bend, Ind.: Nora Rusher, Mrs. Huber: Weygand, Myrtle Stuckman. Jacob Varian, Irvin Coppes, Nappanee, Ind.: Dilman Heckaman, Bloomington, Ind., I. 17. Class ok 11 04 Melvin Beyler. Grand Trunk Frt. Office, South Bend, Ind.; Harold Coppes, Dinah Hartman, Grace Kant ., Pansy Kant ., Mrs. James Pepple, Bernard Pollock. Nappanee. Ind.: Floyd Richer, Wakarusa, Ind. R. F. D.: Vernon Gillet, So. Rush St., South Bend. Ind : Julius Jacobs, 129 Alfred St., Detroit, Mich. Cl ass ok 1905—Grace Baer. 841 Colfax Ave., South Bend, Ind.: William Beghtel. 1995 Gladys Ave., Chicago. III.: Clinton Cain, 347 Michigan Ave., South Bend, led.: Elva Garlier, Goshen College. Goshen, Ind.: Winifred Fluegel, Winona Lake, Ind.: Mabel Hutson, R. F. I)., Mary Murray, Mabel Prlckett, Clarence Pollock, Edgar Ringenbcrg, Burton Cline, Nappanee, Ind.: Arthur Price, 1080 W. Polk St., Chicago, 111 : Mrs. Ella Stanley, Elkhart. Ind. J R. F. I).: Rurton Yarian, 302 Bloomington St., Greencastle. Ind.: Mrs. Chester Swenson, Syracuse, Ind. R. F. 1 . Class ok 190t� -Hilda Baer, 841 Colfax Ave., South Bend, Ind.: Carie Guiss, 2438 Indiana Ave., Chicago. III.: Merle Gwin. R. F. D.. Anna Newcomer. Ida IMppenger, R. F. I)., Iva Stahly, Effle Weyburn. Belle Wilt, Joy White-man. Lester Weber. Edw. Wilson, Nappanee, Ind.: Curtis Miller, Llmon, Col. Class ok 1907 Claude Coppes, Ora Guiss, Grace NetT. Meda Miller, R. F. 1).. Harold Johnson. Bessie Beghtel, Harry Price. Mrs. Collin Fahlstrom. Bonnie Wilson. Nappanee. Ind.; I essa Evans. Elkhart, Ind : Clayton Blessing: Harry Laudeman. Warsaw, Ind.: Hugh Whiteman, 423 W. 01st St., Englewood, 111. Class or 1908—Forest Defrees, Roy Berlin. Ralph Slose, Ruby Fidler, Gladys Stutsman, Vernon Culp, R. F. I)., Chester Walters, Raymond Walters, Nappanee. Ind. Srlatimi iif (2 l?r iHiyly t rluuil tn (Ehr (£niumuiutij Cii as. F. MiLt.KK. Sirr. ji'P Is with much pleasure that we have witnessed the organization of this association and trust that we shall be mutually helpful In advancing the interest of the High School and In creating a spirit for higher education and to this end we shall try to say something upon the Purpose and Relation of the High School to theCommunity. The purpose of education is to prepare the student for the fullest and most elticient life: to evolve the highest and best type of manhood and womanhood: to perpetuate and heighten civilization: to make its recipient a valuable factor in the institutional life of his environment that lie may lie able, To think without confusion clearly: To love liia fellownmn sincerely; To uct from honest motives purely: To truat in Owl and Heaven securely. “The highest test of civilization Is not the census nor tlie size of the cities nor the crops: no but the kind of men the country turns out. ’ So today we study the sciences and the laws of the great universe that we may have a broader, deeper, higher conception of all the relations of life. Since today rests on yesterday we study the history of forms of government of other na- lions that we may the better understand the principles of tlie Constitution of the I ’nited States. We study Grecian democracies and Lite Roman Republic that we may have a higher appreciation of our own Udoved Republic. Since the tendency of all education that is really worth while must be such as to bring us into the fuller more abundant life Into sympathy with all life, if. In the study of history, we are brought to an appreciation of tlie fact that “beyond tlie Alps there are men also.” if it inspires us with the world wide fellowship of Marcus Aurelius: “As an emperor I am a Roman but as a man I am a citizen of the whole world” our time has indeed been well employed. It is universally admitted that the most valuable asset in any walk of life is an insight into human nature- the power to form a correct estimate of tlie character and ability of those with whom we are associated. And if “the proper study of Mankind is Man we can hardly over estimate the value of the study of history and literature. In history we see man portrayed as lie really is; in literature we have the fact portrayed of both the ideal and the real. The purpose of the High School course is to prepare our boys and girls to be masters of whatever situations in life they are found. The greatest dangers that threaten us today are caused by indifference and ignorance: these twin evils stand a menace to every community: they are a blot upon our civilization: their influence retards progress and fosters will; they are responsible for crimes in “high places and sow tlie seed of discontent among the masses. The progress of the public school lias kept an even pace with the growth of democracy: it is the corner stone of our social and political life and on the faithfulness of Its work depends t lie future hope of our republic. “Education Is not only a preparation for living: it Is living. It is only the cultured, the well trained mind that can get the most out of life. Whatever business we undertake be it professional or otherwise tlie first essential of success is a good educational foundation. The “self-made man Is practically of a past generation, only in rare instances Is he able to compete successfully with the one whose mind has been broadened and area of observation widened by coming in contact witli the world through the medium that a good education offers. Twenty years ago an education, such as would enable one to Ik a master of his surroundings could not be obtained outside of College Walls, but tlie demand for higher education lias brought it within tlie reach of all, it is only necessary to improve the opportunity. Our public school s.vstem lias so developed that tlie High School is now one of its essential factors: the step from the eighth grade to the High School Is no greater than from the seventh to the eighth; so correlated are tlie grades and high School that the pupil cannot achieve all the grades can give until tlie High School course Is com 3 pleted: all children are entitled to High School privileges and society is fast demanding that all take the advantages that such a school affords. As one of the objects of grade work is to Incite the pupil to do High School work so the High School Hts and trains him for the University: the expense formerly attached to a preparatory course for college work Is no longer necessary: the High School gives the needful preparation thus enabling the pupil to have the advantages of a longer home training and to save his monev for a broadpr Held. All High Schools tend to the same object: there is but little difference in the course of study offered or the time required for its completion. The earnest thoughtful student cannot get a greater return for his time than to devote his energies to the acquirement of what is offered in the four years High School course. Wherever a High School exists the community bears evidence of its work: we have but to look around us for immediate results: Young men and women, the product of the school are called to the more responsible positions of life: one of the requirements that is demanded of our entering upon a business life Is a good education. The State, the Church, the School, t lie Home call for a wider sympathy and a broader intelligence. Such ascheme of education must deal with man, rather titan his vocation: it must In broad enough and strong enough to equip men and women with power rather than tools of a trade power physical, power intellectual, power moral, power to do. power to lie. It must teach boys and girls the mystic way to a knowledge of themselves, their own capacity, their own limitations: it must teach them to apply themselves closely, to think logically and quickly and to form correct judgments with facility. Such an education must give definite practical lessons on patience and persistence in effort, endurance in pain and disappointment and true enjoyment in the best things of life: it must seek to point out, to cultivate, and to encourage good manners, honesty of purpose, refinement of life, love of country, true patriotism and a noble citizenship. In short must be a complete training not only of mind and hand but of heart. The public school is the channel through which all classes of people can be made to realize that patriotism demands a high intelligence, and it Is vital thatall the letter elements of a community, all who have her prosperity really at heart must be in the most friendly and sympathetic relations with every phase of school work. The alumni and former students can do much to promote the interests of the High School and advance the welfare of the community. Each member should feel it a duty incumbent upon him to urge upon his young friends the advantages of a High School education and to insist how necessary it is that each one should complete the prescribed course and properly fit himself to meet the responsibilities of life. CThr $trntui Han anil €i� Uruiari'i S. V. BABK HE request of the alumni of the Nappanee High School that we should contribute something to their first annua), has caused us much pleasure-It awakens many pleasant memories. We see these young men and women passing in panorama before our vision. We see their kindly smiles. We remember the many acts of respect and good will.on their parts. We see them growing stronger year by year as they devote themselves to their studies. To be thus kindly remembered by them fills us with emotions which words cannot express. In trying tolhink of something fitting and helpful to say to these young men and women, standing as they do upon the threshold of life’s career, we set before ourselves the question, what do we wish them to become? The language of the wise man of olden times came to us: “Be strong therefore, and show thyself a man.” This we present to these noble young people as a life text. We hope it may so fix itself In their memories as to become an integral part oflhelr mental fiber. With these benevolent hopes for these, our dear young friends, we have decided to say a few words on the theme. “The StrongMan and His Iteward.” The word man is here used in its generic sense to include both men and women. The fond memories which we cherish of the Nappanee Alumni have suggested to us this theme. Almost without exception these young men and women showed themselves strong enough to show respect to their parents, teachers and friends. They well know that the Nappanee High School lias always stood for strength of manhood and womanhood. As proof of this statement we need but point to the proud records these alumni are making. Out of regard for their modesty we shall not mention any names. In the various activities of life they are achieving results exceeded by none of equal age and opportunity. In thecareers of the architect, the engineer, the college student, the merchant, the traveling salesman, the soldier, the teacher, and above all in tlie noblest of all careers, the founding of happy homes, these young men and women are achieving results of which their teachers, parents and friends are justly proud. It is for these young men and women that we bespeak the reward of the strong man. The reward of which we speak is not a reward in some future existence. It Is reward received by all strong men here and now, “on this bank and shoal of time.” By the strongman we do not mean the one who succeeds in killing the greatest number of Ids fellowmen on the gory field of battle. Nor is it the one who succeeds in wresting from Ids fellows the greatest number of dollars £ 3 and In appropriating them to his own selfish pleasures. The strong man is not the one who succeeds by inuendo and calumny in injuring temporarily the good name of his competitor. Nor Is It the man who succeeds even bv fair means in amassing a great fortune. All these things, it is true, require certain forms of strength. But all these can be achieved by mere brute force and cunning. Hence we do not consider them as the essentials of noble manhood and womanhood. The strong man Is the one who masters himself: whosucceeds in suppressing the lower elements of Ids nature and who cultivates the higher moral, intellectual and spiritual elements of his being until lie stands forth as nearly perfect as it is possible for mortal man to become under a given environment. The strong man is a thinker. Hence he Is not wholly molded by circumstance, hut he asserts his sovereign will and changes his environment to suit the needs of Ids higher nature. The strong man Is he whose character Is so noble that he needs not hold men at a distance In order to retain their love and respect. The strong man can be the familiar friend and boon companion of his employees, his clients. Ids pupils, his parishioners. Ids patients and his neighbors, and constantly their respect and love for him will increase with advancing years. The strong man is the one whose heart beats in tender sympathy with all mankind; who is willing to lx just to men who are not of his own household, Ids own kin. or even of his own race or nation. He is the man whose heart is large enough to enfold all men as brothers. The strong man is he who puts the question of right foremost in his mind. When a course of conduct opens before him Ids first question will be. Is it right? The highest reward of the strong mail, therefore, does not consist in wealth nor In the power conferred by wealth. It does not consist in positions of honor and responsibility. All these will come to the strong man as natural consequences if he is placed in environments that make these desirable things possible. 'Phe real reward of the strong man lies not in the material realm. It consists in the supreme satisfaction of duty well done; tin maintenance of self-respect; the clear conscience and the consequent restful repose at night and the serene equanimity of mind by day; the undying respect and love of his fellowmen. such are the Inestimable characteristics which constitute, in part at least, tlie reward of sterling manhood. Without these a man Is a mere animal and a slave. These intangible qualities of mind which constitute the reward of the strong man cannot be described. We can best convey our meaning by citing some shining examples recorded in history. Many noble examples come to our mind, sucli as Moses, Jesus, Plato, Wendell Phillips. Abraham Lincoln. William McKinley and Francis Joseph. In this brief sketch we shall speak briefly of the last one mentioned in this list of worthies of the world. The career of the venerable Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, is a striking example of the strong man and his reward. At the tender age of 1 years lie was called to the throne which a weakling uncle relinquished and which a pusilanlmous father had refused to accept. He was called upon to quell live simultaneous revolutions, which were all crushed by tierce civil war. The nine races over which lie ruled would have nothing to do will) him, lie was handicapped by had councillors, ids brother, the ill fated Maximlllian: Emperor of Mexico was slain. The wife of Maximlllian became insane. Another sister-in-law was driven from her throne. His only son and heir Rudolph, was found murdered in a hunter’s lodge. His wife was foully murdered by an anarchist. All these indescriliable losses and liereavements lie suffered at the hands of those whom lie had sought to benefit, to whose welfare lie had devoted the best years of ills life. His empire is a political crazy quilt. The different races of which It is composed are hereditary enemies. In Ids domains eight absolutely different languages and fifty dialects are spoken. Besides, these were all prejudiced against him. regarding him as a cruel tyrant and wicked usurper. Vet with all there seemingly insurmountable obstacles and the indescribable anguish which the loss of those dearest to him must have caused him. either one of which would have completely crushed an ordinary man, this giant personification of sterling manhood persevered with almost super human courage in his loving service and devotion to Ids subjects. He listens with patience and fatherly sympathy to tlie humblest of his subjects, who comes to him with any grievance. Today Ids empire is held together by love of its ruler, “the passionate devotion of millions of warring hearts for a good old man. The secret of Ids triumph lies in the transcendent personality of this good man. “All my people know that I have dedicated my life to them,” he once said in a letter to I r. Koerber. In no other country of the globe would it have been more difficult to win the affection of the people. But today Francis Joseph is loved by Ids people as no other ruler in the world is loved. Thus we see that the strong man lslhe good man. By reason of Ids strength he envies no one. He rises above the petty jealousies of life. The strong man possesses a calm mind though all else be lost The strong man knows that no one can really harm him but himself. He has no fear but that of wrong doing. With the consciousness of a noble purpose lie presses forward in life’s career and with a pure heart and clean hands lie devotes himself to the betterment of his fellowmen. He heeds not the jeers and calumnies of the unfriendly, but bravely forges ahead in the sublime conviction that a good deed is it’s own reward. CEhr i iflBum of ararhrr Olivia Voliva AS one who has witnessed the passing of six classes from the Nappanee High School. I wish to extend my greetings to the members of Lite Alumni association and lu any others who have been students in our school. I have watched with much interest tlie careers of our graduates since they have gone out from us and have been greatly pleased to note the success of so man of them. One of the greatest pleasures a teacher experiences Is tlie assurance that her pupils are succeeding and this is true not only while they are at work in the schoolroom, but even after they have taken their places in the world: for it is then that, the lessons Inculcated during schooldays begin to bear fruit. Caleb Mills once said. “Education is more than knowledge: it is knowledge transmuted into character. Such being the case, the mission of the teacher is certainly an important one, and great is her res| onsibility: for in her hands lies the making of character which must stand through eternity. If. then, the mission of the teacher is the formation of character, or in other words, the making of good citizens, what are some of tiie things that siie must do to bring about the best possible results In the lives of our future men and women? In these days, we constantly hear the cry for practical education. We are requested to give the pupils something to do that they can put to use in after life. Complaints are made of our curriculum: that the studies are impractical: that they are not adopted tothe pupils: that all pupils should not be required to do the same thing; that some should not lie forced to acquire language, or science or mathematics. Many of these complaints are just and no one realizes it more than the weary, often discouraged teacher: but it seems to me that the fault does not lie in the course of study. It is not so much the information that a pupil gets, as it is the training lie should get. President Woodrow Wilson of Princeton said recently. “We must remember that information is not education. One of the principal objects of education should be the enlightenment, or the unloading from the mind of the pupils of the misinformation that, they have received. Instead, we are daily cramming their minds witii an enormous mass of irrelevant facts. It is better to conduct a student to the inner chamt er of one fact than to take him on a trip seeing greater knowledge. “Another important tiling is the establishment in the pupils' mind of the relation between the facts that we impart to him. Then there is discipline. There is nothing practical in the physical discipline of the gymnasium. The student is simply training his body to meet the einergenciesof life. It should be so with the mind. Any course of study that disciplines the mind is beneficial to the student. Anything that does not, is not beneficial to him. Anything that is easy does not discipline. 1 would advocate giving the children tasks that are hardest for them to do, and then, when they begin to get easy giving them something else. The above seems to be somewhat at variance with the modern tendency to recognize the fitness of different minds for different work, and to choose only those subjects that are agreeable and attractive. There Is no doubt that the old way of thinking that education was of use more to correct the weak side in the pupils’ nature than to develop Its strong side, and that those studies that lie disliked should be given double time, was in a sense incorrect: but the modern tendency Is too much the other way. Every study in the High School course disciplines the mind, each in its peculiar way: therefore is benetical even If the pupil does not particularly enjoy it. An over indulgent mother may withhold the dose of bitter quinine or oil which the child refuses to take, but the wise mother will administer the dose knowing i hat it will be beneficial. So It Is with the wise school management. Those studies Will be selected that are best adopted to training tl� e mind, and will lx administered to the pupil even though he may rebel: for no average High School pupil knows what Is best for him. II our mission, then, is to train boys and girls for life, we should try to use tlie means that we have to the best advantage. The first tiling that they should be taught Is the lesson of getting down to hard work and doing the work thoroughly. This includes concentration, application, and the power to tackle intellectual work: for if the pupil is to succeed In life, he must have all these qualities. We often ridicule the methods of education in the early days but in spite of its draw-backs morally, intellectually, and aesthetically, it taught the Gospel of work. Now, the tendency seems to be to turn work into play. The path of knowledge Is made tlowery and as many obstacles as possible are cleared away. Someone lias said that in this way the pupil gets more or less culture, but no ttacklxme. It is the business of the teacher to help him get both and especially the latter. Another necessary thing to be taught to a High School pupil is independence, the power to do things himself. He should be impressed with the fact that to become an individual of standing among his fellowmeii. he must manfully meet hlsditlicultiesand overcome them. No one can do that for him. After leaving school he will not find the ready teacher or a helpful classmate at hand to do his tasks for him. The world has no place for a loafer and a parasite. He should also lx taught the habit of mastering the work in hand. The High School curriculum Is not so full, but that every pupil to whom the few studies are rightly taught maybe led toward '‘that which fits a man to perform justly, skilfully, and magnanimously all the offices, both private and public, of peace and war.” It is the business of the teacher to inspire Ills pupils, not by using unique devices for interesting them, but by his own personal force and enthusiasm, he should instill in them a desire to work until work becomes a pleasure and a habit which they would not part. Such a teacher should correct, chasten and guide to a point where his pupils may catch glimpses of that sphere to which learning and training lead. Rut he should teach that it is only by constant effort that it is reached. We grant that the average pupil does not appreciate the Gospel of work. One reason perhaps is that he does not understand it. Indeed he would not be a natural child if he did: but he should be helped to see that if he does anything as well as he can and persists in doing so, his task will finally become interesting. To enjoy work is necessary and especially is this true of intellectual work. It is the duty of the teacher to help the awakened mind to find the charm in every task and thereby lead it to the enjoyment of vigorous work. This then is the prime mission of the teacher, to discipline the intellect, to teach the pupil that concentration of intellectual powers is better than dissipation: that training is belter than pampering: that the greatest Intellectual Joy is that which comes by having mastered a difficulty. Finally, the greatest service a teacher can do for her pupils Is to set before them a high ideal. Only one perfect teacher ever lived who spake as no man ever spake.” It is the duty of the teacher to tlx her eyes upon Him. as her great example, and thus by her life inspire and guide her pupils to nobler and better things. limn Jfar Arr flint Ctuiiuj llrhiuJi flmir 31 lira In? orr� t Basyk «tf V DEAR STI'hKNTS: It will soon be time for Alma Mater's roll call. The list must t e revised to include new names of former members still with us. I remember the boys and girls in the class room from 1K97 to 1903. I should like to talk with each one of you personally Since I cannot, I am going to write you a letter, and I shall be pleased to have a letter from you. I am anxious to know that you are doing your part in the larger class room out of school: to know that you are ambitious, hopeful, happy and successful. K ‘•How I wonder what you are?” Diamonds, of course. I should like to know what you are doing for yourselves. Are you making progress and doing your work well, so that when you leave it, it will stay well done? Where is your home now? These, and many other questions come to my mind as I recall tlie students in the Xappanee Nigh School. At this new roll call. 1 hope you will take an Inventory of your personal stock. Do you have any calls from your patrons and friends for your patience, self-denial, kind words, happy thoughts, and sympathy—the same stock that Homer ascribed to one of his characters: “He was a friend to man, and lived in a house by tlie side of the road?” Don't you find now that real school life has just begun? Are you engaged In the work you had marked out for yourselves? How far are you living behind your Ideals? What real tests have you had where your high school experience has helped you? Any? How many times have you doubled your stock of Information? Are you hungry for more? There is so much to learn that we hardly get our eyes trained to see things accurately before we are ready to close them and make way for others in our stead. However, we find that there is no information worth getting that we shall not at some time have use for. The number of truths and facts is infinite. He who lias tasted only a few morsels of information, sometimes thinks he has eaten a big dinner. He is positive of It and is satisfied with himself. Hut only hungry folks want more and gel more. The “spirit of unrest” takes hold of anxious Inquirers. They are the discoverers of new ideas, new proposilions, some g x d and others bad. Most people are waiting for someone to lead them and tell them what to do. Many new religious sects are propagated and strange political leaders appear at this day to inspire doubt and uncertainty in the minds of the multitude. What are we to do in such cases? Why, try to solve the riddles for ourselves, if they affect us: and for others, if we can. The “other fellow often needs our sympathy and help, the extension of which we find is essential to our getting along In the world most satisfactorily. Every day we paint pictures of our living experiences, which, when we look back at them, give us pleasure or pain. These same pictures help us to understand our new experiences and to interpret the character of our friends. Few questions present but one view. Along with the serious side, we must not overlook the “spice of life We must have something to laugh at, or else be laughed at by others. A little fun relaxes the nervous tension, gives a rest,and makes “long faces brighten up. A smile causes but a penny's worth of effort and earns dollars of profit. We cannot, of couriK , all Iw hnnclaome. And it harder fur all to lx. good We are sure now and then to be lonely. And we don’t always do ns we should. To be patient is not always easy To be cheerful in much harder still; Hut at least we can always lie pleasant If we make up our minds that we w ill And it pays, every time to lie kindly Although we feel worried and blue: If you smile at the world and look cheerful. The world will soon smile buck ut you. “So try to brace up and look pleasant. No matter how low you are down ; Good humor is always contaxious. But you lianish your friends when you frown.” He happy! If you cannot be happy, be as happy as you can. Then your neighbor will Ik happier, and his neighbor too. and so on around the world until your own happiness comes back to you. That is worth more than money. It Is necessary U) our happiness that we work, and work diligently. Our minds must be busy with the best thoughts, of which the world is full enough to give everyone more than he can master. The best of anything Is none loo good. Irmiutsmtrra of (Claaaro (Claes uf 1000 I MSI. I.A CoPPKS-NlTSCMf.KK TTplK ten members graduating in the lirst class. May 27. 1898. are all glad to say. although they all begin to realize their years and have widely separated. that they are just as enthusiastic over the Alumni and interested in each succeeding class as the other classes following. We all wish to say to our fellow classes that we were just as proud and boastful of being graduates as the rest of you. and perhaps a little more so as we have the distinction of being the first class in Nappanee. you know. Just as brave and handsome as the rest of you. though we were a little bashful and awkward in our new role as graduates. May It be said you have all profited by our ignorance and mistakes. Neither were we the least in number, nor in the capacity of deserving honor, for while the class only contained two boys, they both have become soldiers, and not tin soldiers either, but real soldiers in the regular army. And most of the girls, too, are doing service marshalling soldiers in their homes. u (Hush of 1B99 llAKLBY KICKKKT fjfUE Commencement exercises of the class of 1899 were held at the M. K. w church. The largest class that has gone forth from the schools of Nap-panee. We feel justly proud of this class of 1899, containing in Its membership live young ladies and nine young men. Flora Culp. Ida Weyburn. Matie Weyburn-Plppcnger. Drusllla Wvsong, Ida Sloat-Yarlan. Clias. Yoder, Chas. Wilson, Aaron Jacobs, Floyd McEntatTer. Raymond Rupp. Marvin Coppes. Harry Whiteman. Joseph Dennis, deceased, and Harley Rickert. The Salutatory was delivered by Mrs. Ida Sloat-Yarlan and the valedictory was delivered by Mr. Aaron Jacobs. An able discourse was delivered by Dr. Stephenson. The class itself will always lie remembered by the Professors especially, who were associated with us during our course in the High School. Although at this time there are only two or three located in or near Nap-panee we hope that we will be able to talk over our High School struggles and pranks, at tlie Alumni Banquet. May 8th. (Claim of 1900 ClIRSTKK WISI.KR yffHAT a happy-go-lucky, free-from-care bunch we were! By that I do not wish to insinuate that we have since lost those characteristics hut simply that we did not realize then how fully we | ossessed them. Each one of us separately and collectively considered himself the most abused and Imposed upon human being iu the community. ‘'Curses on that Latin! Why didn't those contemptible Romans • 1st e! Catalina) make signs in preferance to using a language like that. History and grammar too, what bugbears!” These and numerous kindred others, generously sandwiched with expletives were every day utterances with the boys. While with the girls- well I hesitate, yes positively refuse to repeat all the blasphemous anathemas they heaped on that most interesting and practical of all high school studies pure and applied mathematics. What groans and lamentations were heard as that obnoxious poison was forced down their unwilling throats by Messrs. Egner, Hasye et al. They fought as shy of those recitations as a yearling colt does from harness. Twice indeed they kicked over the traces: viz. when Prof. Basye endeavored to Introduce solid geometry and trigonometry into the course. What a blueness in the atmosphere at those times! And such an odor of brimstone too! But it may Is mean to recall the unpleasant features of those four years; 4 especially so. since they were interspersed with so many really funny happenings. That is, those tiappenings appealed to the majority of us as being funny. There usually was at least one principal in each of them to whom they appealed in a different light. One of those principals, (who happened in this case to be principal in a twofold sense)l can see now hoisted up Into the corner of the recitation room on the shoulders of two energetic youths with ideas and ambitions of their own. What a look of horror and amazement came over the Superintendent's face as he appeared on the scene, summoned there by the crashing of chairs and shrieks of the timid. Boys desist, this is outrageous. ’ And when they finally did desist and emerged, disentangled from the struggle, the three looked like so many football warriors fresh from a scrimmage. And then too, certainly none of us have forgotten the tragic fate of the pet cat, wide!) in company with a couple of his feline friends possessed witli equally good lungs, attempted to pay tlief r respects to Professor---by serenade. Wishing to give him the full benefit of their efforts they obligingly perched on the branch of a tree Just outside Ids window. The first number of their program was listened to attentively and evidently fully enjoyed by the professor. But when it came along about to the seventh number it appeared to him that there was a sort of sameness in the performance that was fast becoming monotonous, lie was seen to arise from his work, pace the floor for a few minutes, sit down again and try to study; then scratch his head, arise and go through the proceedings again. After having done this several times, by which time his patience had become exhausted, lie went down stairs, borrowed a shotgun and proceeded to depopulate the tree. Of course the pet cat suffered, being blown to atoms. As fate had it the same pet cat belonged to a certain member of the professor's class. For the next few days or until the climax came the conversation lx tween the two was strained to say the least; in fact it was loaded with icicles. That climax well, It needs no recalling. Numerous happenings in the Philomathean Society too, furnished food for amusement, as for instance the Mock Congress which had such an abrupt and tragical ending But to attempt to recall all the Interesting and memorable events of those four years would mean the writing of a book for which the author is not prepared, so from necessity they must In left to tlie memories of the individual members of the class of 1900« (Class ! ilf 1901 Claka m.gray jftNE cold, bleak May evening in the opening years of the twentieth centu- ry were held the Commencement exercises of the class of 1901 of the 0 Nappanee High School. The Freshman class of 1897 was an unusually large one of bright boys and girls, but alas! the difficulties and discouragments which come to every seeker after know ledge claimed them one by one, until only three were left to claim their reward. The history of our class was much the same as that of any other. We encountered the same obstacles which at the time seemed Impassable mountains. but which viewed in tlie perspective were but mole-hills—just as others have done. Wlille our class had the distinction of being the smallest ever graduated from the Nappanee High School -not because we are proud of It. but because, no matter how far away our duties may call us, we are always loyal to our home school -may we always continue to have that distinction. May long life and prosperity be tlie portion of the Nappanee High School, and her influence broaden as the years pass by. (Hunanf 1902 Dinah Fka .ikk 5JTIIE members of the class of 1902 with one exception obtained all their schooling up to that time within tlie four walls of the school house, which has for so many years been the rendezvous of “Young America’’ in tills town. The exception came to them as a “Blessing” when they entered High School and remained during their course. Tills, they have always been persuaded, was one great factor in their success. Their career In High School was rather a quiet unpretentious one, being marked by no midnight escapades or carousals. By the two gentlemen there was no surplus of class spirit manifested, the one being the victim of avoirdupois and the other of bashfulness. Tliisclass was the first to be honored by a Junior reception. Its members are not widely separated, there being only two who have chosen other places of residence than tlie home town. As was characteristic of them in their school days, they have not made a great demonstration in the world but, nevertheless, have all been engaged in earning an honorable livelihood. Some of the gentler sex have been chosen to fill woman's truest sphere: others are engaged in tlie teaching profession: one pursues art: and the gentlemen have proven themselves worthy of respect and trust in tlie business world. No member of tills class lias ever brought chagrin to ills Alma Mater: and eacli one realizing that he owes tlie world a living. In the payment of this honest debt lias perhaps unconsciously but truly followed tlie class motto, “While we live let us live. 4 (CIuhh nf 1903 Loris Jacobs j| certainly consider it a pleasure and an honor to have the opportunity of speaking, as it were, as the representative of the noble class of 1903. As such, I want to commend the Alumni who have taken the initiative In establishing the Alumni Association and in getting out this Alumni annual. With the co-operation of each and every graduate of the good old N. H. S.. the success of this organization is unquestionable and the class of Naughty Three can be depended upon to do its share in carrying out the movement. It affords me great pleasure to take a retrospection of our most delightful class of 1903. and to recall to memory the names and faces of each and every one. Just an even dozen of us, Myrtle Stuckman. Kdna Mosiman, Nora Rusher, Ida Rarig. Ivy Hartman, Irvin Coppes, Monroe Mellinger. Jacob Varian, Diliman Heckaman, Logan Keinoehl, Jesse Good and myself. It was with much sorrow that the writer learned of the death of our classmate and dear friend, Jesse Good, but we hope and trust that his life beyond will t e one of eternal bliss and peaceful happiness, for which we should all aim and strive. To me it seems regreiahle that after graduation from our High Schools, it is not possible for us to be together for a longer period In life than we are; for while we all form the acquaintance of many good friends in tlie commercial and social world, yet I believe it is an undisputed fact that as a rule, we do not find such staunch, true friends as are our classmates and chums of the High School. I am not familiar with the conditions existing witli each and every one of our class: some of us have taken courses in the Commercial Colleges and are now busily engaged in the commercial world: some are still in the I’niversi-tles: some of us are still single, and some have entered into that stage of life where it is encumbent upon them to establish new homes, different manners of life and different associations, matrimony, and through this medium I want to extend my congratulations and l� est wishes for unlimited success and happiness to all my fellow students and classmates of Naughty Three, as well as oilier friends of the good old N. II. S. Reverting again to the Alumni organization: I am much elated with the fact of Its establishment, for it will certainly serve as a sort of an incentive to us all to make an extra effort in trying to keep In touch with each other in future life. An annual banquet and gathering will give us an opportunity to bring back to memory and revive those good old times, wlien “We were a couple of kids. Again, speaking in behalf of the class of 1903. I want to say that we appreciate this movement and will do everything we can to forward it« success. 1 With well wishes to the Alumni, present students and future graduates of the good old N H.S, I trust that I may have the pleasure of meeting you all at some future date. (Class uf 1905 BUKTON YAKIAN 7JARLY In September, 1901, a husky band of Freshmen marched into the -• old High School assembly room, and tilled with that awe which only tinds place In a Freshman’s breast, they took their places in the seats just vacated for them. A marvelous group was this in physical stature. The extremes of nature found living examples here: the harmless ‘•Tubber” and the modest ‘•rain’’ added much to the standing of the class in Athletics. From the very tirst the class of Naughty Five gave promise of a most successful career. Although Its history was not marked by any great achieve ments during its Freshman and Sophomore years, yet there was ever dis cernable that pugnacious spirit of pushing forward and being more than mere imitators of the classes that had preceded. it is well to note also, that athletics were never so prominent, and class spirit never so marked in the history of N. H. S. as during the Junior and Senior years of this class. Many were our football victories, far and widespread our (irldlron fame, until even Fniversities scheduled games with us. In the expression of true class spirit 190f leads again. It was the morning of April 28, 1904, that the eyes of the Seniors beheld the tirst class numerals that ever ornamented the belfry of the old school building. Who originated that custom which bids fair tocontinue for mauv years? Over and above what has been mentioned, there are two things for which the class of 1905 stands pre-eminently alone. (1 It Is the largest class that ever graduated from N. II. S.. tifteen sheep-skins being the reward of the four years effort. (2i It has furnished more men of the world than any one other class: two mail clerks, four school teachers, one architect, three book-keepers, etc., etc. •Ix ng live the memory of Naughty Five!” CClaaB nf HUU'i Hilda Hahk j|T Is with great pride and pleasure that we revert to the history of the class of Nineteen Hundred Six. Each member may Justly feel pride in being counted one of the goodly number. May each one continue to contribute honor to its proud record. During the years of school life this class became noted for its high attainments and the rapidity of its progress in all lines of education. In the future it will continue lobe a source of wonder and pride to the faculty and friends of the class. It can be excelled by none, either in scholarship or moral worth. The members of this class were always loyal to each other and when this united band of students stood firmly for their rights, resistance was in vain, and they won the day on every occasion. Even as Freshmen, they won respect and admiration, and continued to do so through-out their High School course. Quickly and easily they mastered the German language, and were regarded enviously by the other classes because of their superiority. Not only in their mastery of the different branches were they superior, hut also in their conduct. They were always dignified and composed, making a fitting example for others, not so well versed in the ways of a true student. As we look Into the future we do not fear that our members will, by any act cause the record of their lives to be less noble or worthy. May each one learn to think before acting, knowing that there can be no dignity, no sense of reserve power, save for those who think carefully upon the deeper things of life. We see each member of tills class going steadily on with unswerving purpose and undiminished zeal for the highest and best in life. It will require courage and constant effort to attain success, but. as the obstacles are met and overcome, we will see each one becoming stronger and more self-reliant young men and women. We will see them, true to every trust, acting with calm deliberation and inflexible purpose. Thus, with simple honesty and integrity to guide them, they will be true to the best thoughts and impulses of their lives. As Sidney Smith says: A great deal of labor is lost to the world for the want of a little courage. Every day sends to their graves a number of obscure men. who have only remained In obscurity because their timidity has prevented them from making a first effort, and who. If they had only been induced to begin, would have in all probability gone great lengths in the career of fame. The fact is that in doing anything in the world worth doing, we must not stand shivering on the bank, thinking of tlie cold and danger, but jump in. and scramble through as well as we can.' “Let iim then l e up and doing. With a heart (or any fate; Still achieving, still pursuing. Leom to labor and to wait. Note:—We regret very much that two of the classes are not represented in this number of llie Annual. Some member from each class was requested to represent his class. Each one promised todo so and if further delay In printing would have been possible we are sure that each article would have been in. but longer delay was impossible. We greatly appreciate the effort put forth by every contributor and we sincerely hope that next year every article will be in on time and so make tlie Annual complete. She NappattPP Nfhis. 0hp Nfhis luokstnre. (6nr nn N. flJnrraj|. JJrnprirtor. U C A T I O N Does not consist alone in book “laming,” but in a general knowledge of how to make the best use of every opportunity. Then you should know the art of good dressing is presented to every man and boy in the Sterling Suit models. To help complete your attire a pair of guaranteed Patent Leather “Rorrect Shape” Shoes are indispensable. Then be crowned with a Longley hat and you are presentable in fashion’s highest circle. We believe in ladies having equal opportunities with gentlemen so you will find in our dress goods department, trimmings, gloves, and all accessories to perfect a well arranged toilet to be up-to-date in every detail. Agents for Red Cross Shoes. HARTMAN BROTHERS. TRIPLE STORK. D. RICKERT SON. Sr Picture fWakrr Lowest prices combined with high quality have made our store famous as Nappanee s safest trading place. Our spring stocks are now complete and we invite your patronage. Goods Cloaks and Suits Clothing Men s Furnishings Shoes Groceries OSruryr £. iHiller Nappaitrr STOOPS, THE JEWELER. Reliable Goods Reasonable Prices Nickel Clocks, GO cents. A good 8 day Clock, $2.25. Rogers 1847 Knives and Forks $3.50 set. KM All well dressed people want to see our Kaufman pre-shrunk garments. For nobby suits call at our store and see them—al- ways a few samples in our south window. Secure your wants now while the assortment is full. H. C. FIDLER, 1SHH KSTAHI-.ISHJEI) XO YEARS 1DOK CASH STORK Sole Agents! We are the sole agents (or the O. W. Richardson tsf Co. line of Carpets. Rugs. Linoleums. Lace Curtains. No better goods made. Prices right. Call and get a catalogue. Also see the line we carry in stock. When you are in need of anything in the furniture line remember this is the pi ace to get it. W. B. RENSBERGER 4 CO. ARTHUR F. HARTMAN. Prop. Phone 291. 113 W. Market St. Hartman s Star Bakery Maker of FINE BREAD. CAKES, AND PASTRY. ). S MCENT AFFER, NOTARY PUBLIC. REAL ESTATE. INSURANCE, LOANS. NAPPANEE, INDIANA A Model Bakery of Cleanliness and Sanitary Conditions Vhere The Very Best of Materials Are Used To Produce The Tasteful Goods By Modern Methods Get Vhat You Want, When V anted i. e.. Patronize Our Bakery. IT.IO'I.I S.I.M.VIHV. ) SUMrIrm [ .LKVUO im ' v i rA n m qx K) av( ra vh N )IX. 1.1 HOI cl ,i SHaaar; rvoi.ixvK XOI.T, X I. IHOIcl •VMVICtMI maNVddVN oo H: ni miaw $ moo k ij. k ,i N. A. LEHMAN CRAIGE SOX OROOKKIliiS Tht FURNITURE DEALER NAPPANEE INDIANA Largest Stock Lowest Prices Goods Guaranteed DON'T FORGET You can always find tke best values in skocs at tke Nappanee, Ind. EXCLUSIVE SHOE STORE, E. B L 0 S S E R. P. 1X BU1 iGrE NE1 GO TO WEYCtAND EKOK’ FOR I; P-TO-l ATK REST1 AI ’ RANT GROGKRTKS For warm meals at all hours. The best lunch in town. Ice cream soda—the best to be had. A fine line of fruits and candies. EXOB NEWCOMER C. W. J OHNSON C O. JEWELER OFnCIAN DRUGGISTS AND BOOKSELLERS Do not fail to call and get prices when in need of anything in my line. Watch and Clock repairing a specialty. A full line of toilet preparations. Rose Cream, treatment for rough skin, tan, and sunburn. STRYCKER SON, Proprietors of LIVERY, FEED, AND SALE BARN. RATES REASONABLE. NAPPANEE, INDIANA. I. S. WALTERS, DRUGS, BOOKS, AND WALL PAPER. FIELD AND GARDEN SEED. 1 id it ever occur to you that it is no art to find out what the people want, but it is an art to know how to fill their wants at acceptable prices? J. L. NEHER, The Tailor is doing this right along. Ilis prices will stand comparison and he invites you to compare them with any others. His work is guaranteed in every way. You had better have him make your clothing for you. Call and inspect goods at any time. Glad to show you. J. L. NEHER, The Tailor. ARCHS' RESTAURANT AND ICE CREAM PARLOR For fancy chocolates, bon bons, ice cream, sodas and soft drinks, and fruits. Lunch and meals at all hours. Home made pies a specialty. ARCH y ARCH. Call Phone 97 The Nappanee Produce Company For your Hour, feed, garden and held seeds, mill feed, hay and straw, all kinds of poultry supplies, oil meal, and all goods usually kept in a first-class seed and feed store. See NEFF BROTHERS THE IMPLEMENT DEALERS For wagons, buggies, harness, and New Idea Manure Spreaders. In fact, all kinds of farm implements. For NICELY TAILORED CLOTHES Before buying a BUGGY OR SURREY and a right kind of a fit sec HOMER, who does all call at the kinds of work. Repairing and Dry Cleaning a specialty. Prices reasonable. NAPPANEE CARRIAGE FACTORY HOMER NEHER, one square south of main square, and inspect our goods and get prices. TAILOR. Phone 26. Dietrich Block. SAMUEL MILLER. Satisfaction Guaranteed at The NAPPANEE STEAM LAUNDRY. GOOD RIGS TELEPHONE NO. 11 PROMPT SERVICE CALLS ANSWERED DAY AND NIGHT LEHMANS ONE-MINUTE CLEANSING LIQUID DAVID ULERY, Removes grease, dirt, and tarnish from all kinds of metal. Made anJ Sold by LIVERY, FEED, AND SALE BARN. D. A. LEHMAN. Mf . CKemist. 118 North Main St. Nappanee. Indiana. 80 MAIN ST. NAPPANEE, IND. FARMERS TRADERS BANK (COPPES SON, Bankers.) ESTABLISHED 1884 NAPPANEE INDIANA CAPITAL $40.000.00 General Banking Loans On Approved Security Ve solicit your business believing that the advantages we °ffer will be a convenience and benefit to you. Samuel D. Coppeb, President Harvey E. Coppes, Cashier Harry B. Greene, Asst. Cashier Fred E. Coppes, 2d Asst. Cashier Before Letting Your PLUMBING, STEAM OR HOT WATER HEATING Call On V. T. WEATHERHEAD. WORK STRICTLY FIRST CLASS. 1 handle a first-class line of fire goods, water supply systems, and lighting plants. No job too large or too small. Always ready for repair work. Office Phone 190. Residence Phone 201. - Y r . Y sys yJ' mm { f k. % ,'j if ( 6 ft fr f ft Jffr 0YZtrtJ eirr � ' •''Jffstif'i tff . f rfV fVj 6 W' f A ,y f '. rr rf .Ittnri [ • n ,r ' Yf , y .JtfHfj (4( tytir ttf , (Y' t’ y %yyirrttt y oycrHitt tty £ rX.9l Y)yyys ysss . re iy , Y ffrr • tf , ' ff'r f ff t 6r i ffry ? .i j'f r ’ ; 'fr'jt rj' fffMfjtyt r mY y, t Y yy , yyy y yj'yy $ 'Jr j' . , Z ; YY Z jy . . YfttAr A (c rrry 't t y rrr i f ff i etr fttut irii . •- � nu • , • f yyftntt. - msj sj ZY jt tY J'y' (Srnrgr 21 ffiamb. Namiattrr. Indiana. fRannfacturcr of Saul Screens. Shirreft Screens. Jfire Screens. tHanajmr Stands, Sunk Sacks, (Costumers. Jllate Sacks. (Slock Shrines, Sat Sacks, JHrlUrinr (Cabinets, fcasrls. llmbrrlla ffiolbers. rtc. (Call mt N. A. iCrlitnau anil urt Uuo prices on tbrse iioobs. If nr (Enrmt in iHtUinmj (fnutr to tlir fashion shop, inkrrr tlir best mini'll. at uiobrratr prices prevail. iHra. (C. iz. If nidi, iHillitirr. 200 South iflaiit St. Happaurr. .iluhiana. H. F. F R A Z I F R ARCHITECT I N 1). C C RRI2SP )NI)KN( K SOLI( ITKl . IIERK YOU CANNOT MISS IT We have a full line of harness, collars, blankets, robes, Hy nets, and dusters. PRICES REAS()NABLE. Repairing a specialty. Come and see us. SIIIVELY BROS. 114 East Market St.