but requires less physical exertion. The increased amount of time spent in school lessens t lie amount of exercise of the race. In 1840 only eleven per cent of the population of the United States was in schools, while in 18 »0 twenty-three per cent was enrolled in the schools. Since 1840 the length of tlie school year lias been doubled. This not only lessens exercise but increases confinement. The natural environment which has been making the present shape and function of the human body for ages past, no longer exists. The ordinary requirements of daily life in general no longer furnish sufficient muscular activity to keep the body in the best health. Therefore, it seems that careful attention to the matter of our environment in the way of providing for regular, systematic exercise daily in the interests of health lias become necessary. The comforts of modern life mean increased human weight and stature if they are not permitted to crowd out the other things necessary for one's health. Hall has proven this by a comparison of the children produced by the factory population with the children of parents in general. The same lias been proven in England by a comparison of the boys of tlie better classes with boys in the industrial schools. Kev. I)r. George Meylan of Columbia University, having made a careful study of tin effects of rowing and other sports on college athletes, believes that the athletes do not die in their early years of heart disease or consumption: that hard training, even practicing for and rowing in inter-collegiate races, does not dull the mind and physical energy of the participants, for they have greater success in after life than any class of men yet investigated. The oarsmen studied were so healthy that if rowing had any effect on their health, it was beneficial. Sucli forms of bodily exercise as the inter-institutional athletic sports are often criticised because of an occasional death or permanent injury, as it is thought unnecessary that these lives should be last. People forget that lives must be sacriliced to secure any great good to humanity. They do not realize that many lives have been greatly benefited in the effort that occasionally harms or cripples a life. This evidence shows that insufficient attention paid to provide opportunities for play, movement and exercise results in the stoppage of physical development short of complete realization: that mere play and exercise, under the conditions of modern life, are insufficient, if the physical powers of the individual are developed harmoniously. The schools have been made attractive and cleaner but more is to be done. The studies of Porter, Hastings, and Beyer show that tiie boy ranks higher in mental work whose body is well developed: that physical exercise increases the height and weight of children, and that children of the same age are able to do school work in din cl latio to their physical development in height and weight. It is the duty of the school, therefore, to respond to this demand so that there will be no undeveloped children and children “behind in their si udies because of the lack of physical exercise, and so that the dull pupils may reacli the highest efficiency possible through systematic exercise. 14
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