Medical College of Virginia - X Ray Yearbook (Richmond, VA)

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xrr the second year was nne luiiidrecl eiiility. A graded course was offered in all departments anil, in niediciiie, extended over three years. The institution first occu- pied the former residence of Alexander II. Stephen, vice-president of the Confederacy. In a few ears it was in possession of a new building of its own. . disastrous fire in 1910 produced a desperate situation from which the institution was rescued by the munifi- cent contribution of $100,000 from the citizens of Rich- mond tcuvard the erection of another wew building I ' he N ' irginia Hospital with 125 beds, a training school and ' a large corps of trained nurses was close by and under the entire control of the faculty. This new school was an admirable stimulus to better medical teaching in Richmond. The old college began at once to look to its laurels. The facult vas enlargetl and George Ben Johnston, who at this time liecame pro- fessor of surgery, asserting his natural gift of leader- ship, assumed much the same role in the old school that Dr. McGuire did in the new. .It became thence- forward a battle between these superior men and their respective faculties. The old school began by reorganizing its hospital, Avhich after 1895 was known as the Old Dominion Hos- pital. A school of nursing was instituted by Miss Sadie Heath Cabaniss, a graduate of Johns Hopkins Hos- pital, under Miss Isabel Hampton. Under her high ideals and strict discipline it became a school to b ' proud of. The medical curriculum was expanded and length- ened until in 1894 it became a three-year gradetl course of instruction. In 1899 the four-year course was adopted. The presence of a competitor instead of re- ducing its enrollment, increased it, so that by 1895 its students numbered one hundred thirty-nine. The in- tense rivalry of the two institutions created t vo hitter factions in the medical profession in Richmond, Init it put nearly every physician to studying and teaching medicine and accomplished what the old schcxd alon? had not been able to do — it stemmed the tide of ' lr- ginia students seeking a medical education in the North. In a single year Virginia medical students in Virginia institutions increased from 225 to 450. Such a situation in a city as small as Richmond could not always endure. It became more and more difHcult to find money to support both schools, for both had radically reduced tuitions. Leaders wearied of the in- cessant struggle and longed to exert their united strength in the general cause of medical education. In 1913, old differences were forgotten. The boards of 1 liimOlLll THE MEMORIAL HO, PITAL the two institutions met in joint session, amalgamated the two schools and selected a new faculty. Since that time, the Old Dominion Hospital, i860, has been replaced b St. Philip Hospital, 1920; Lab- oratory Building, 1896, replaced by Dooley Hospital, 1920; McGuire Hall and Old Virginia Hospital ac- quired by consolidation with the University College of Medicine, 1913; Memorial Hospital completed 1903, ac- quired by the college, 1913; Cabaniss Hall, 1928; St. Philip Dormitory, 1931; and the Library, 1932. The plant of the college is practically one-half coinplete. A new outpatient department and labora- tory building, a central heating plant, a new hospital for white patients adjoining the outpatient department, a dental school building, general remodeling of the in- complete top floor of McGuire Hall for experimental surgery with animals and other activities, and the fire- proofing of the Egyptian Building as a museum are some of the projects to be accomplished in the future. Their fulfillment will depend upon better financial con- ditions and the continued support of loyal, generous friends, and appropriatitins b the State. ' hen this plant has been ci:impletcd the luimber in the student body will even be less than at present. There will be, however, a fellowship system in graduate education, the emphasis in all schools and departments to be placed upon quality and not quantity.

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Fii 1X4 , .iTi unhappy schism arose out of a disagree- imiu ;i tci who hail the risht to appoint new mein- liers to the medical faculty, the Hoard of Hampden- Sydncy C ' oJIeKe or the medical faculty itself. Th (|uarrel assumed lar xe proportions and excited a heated pamphlet warfare. It was ultimately settled h the legislature ' s granling the medical facult a new and separate charter. I ' hereafler the school %vas kno;vn as the Medical rolligi- nf S ' irginia. This new freedom was dearly bought, for, from this time on, a large element of the profession of Virginia was allied against the institution. The medical jour- nals of the state were under contrr)l of this element, and until the Civil War, this same group violently attacked the faculty, relentlessly exposing every weak- ness of the college. Dr. 15. R. Wcllford, the professor of materia medica and therapeutics, a man of national reputation and unimpeachable character, bore the brunt of the attacks, choising as he did to become the mouth- piece of the faculty. The institution made progress anil during thi - period some exceptional names were to be found in her faculty. Jeffries Wyman succeeded Thomas Johnson and gave great and lasting impidse to the teaching of anatomy in the school. Tuder him the anatomical and pathological museums grew apace. ' man left Richmond to be- come Ilervcy professor of analiim at Harvard. Mere- dith C ' l jner, who held the chair of medicine from 1S4S- 18+9, subsequently achieved distinction in the field nf nervous and mental disease. More memorable was th ■ brief occupancv of the chair of the Institutes of Med- icine b Charles Kdward Hrow ii-Se piard. The famous -avaru taught in the college for a single session. He filled the basemcril of the college with experimental animals, let down into hi own stoinach ■•pnnges on strings, withdrew them before the class to demonstrate digestive fluids in acliiui, and flid many another novel and startling thing to the delight and wonder of his cla-s. Hi; passionate love of science and the facility h- possessed of compelling nature to reveal her secrets for first-hand observation, made .1 Listing iinpres ' ion on his students. In the fall of i.S;;9 Dr. Hunter McC.uire was suc- cissfully conducting an extramural school in Philadel- phia. Through his personal influence and effort the Soiillurn vtudent . in both the Inivcr-itv of Pennsvl- ania and Jefferson were a-sembled and transferretl en masse to Riihmond. Main of these students elected to continue their course in the Medical College of Virginia. I ' his trebled the student body and taxed the institution to capacil . The Legislature voted ihirt thousand dollars fm- a new hospital which wa- shortl erected adjacent to tin- cojhge. ihronghoul the perloil of the war the faculty taught at fever heat, giving two courses a year. It was the only Southern medical school which never closed its doors during the period of ho - tilities. Thousands uf soldiers were cared for by the faculty and students. Charles Hell (iibson, professor of siirger , was surgeon-in-chief for the irginia forces. James B. McCiaw, professor of cheinistry and phar- macy, was in charge of the Chimborazo Hospital, an institution that cared for more than 7 ,000 sick and wounded during the war. The graduation of larn-e medical classes twice a year and the entrance of these graduates into the medical service of the Confederacy was no small part of the contribution of the colleg to the cause of the South. Post-bellum reconstruction was bravely faced. In spite of poverty and a student bcdy reduced at one time to a bare corporal ' s guard, efforts were steadily made to improve the standards of teaching and to give th; students access to better clinical material. Clinical in- struction was offered in Howard ' s Grove Hospital — an institution of live hundred beds — the college hospital, the Richmond .-Mmshouse and the City Dispensary. The facult , after the war, was composed of R. T. Coleman in the chair of obstetrics, D. H. Tucker in inetlicine, J. S. Wellford in therapeutics, J. H. McGaw In chemistrv, A. E. Peticolas in anatomy, and Hunter McCiiiire in surgery. Naturall man changes were vrought as time went on. In iS.Si Hunter McCiuire resigned and was succeeded by J. S. O. Cullcn, of almost equally illustrious war record. Frank D. Cun- ningham followed Samuel Logan in anatomy in 1867 L. S. Gaillard, editor of Gaillard ' s Medical Journal, taught pathology from 1867-68. Levin S. Joynes and Otis F. Manson were added to the faculty. The elevation of standards came slo vly — too slowly for the critics of the college. The old charge of a closed corporation, an institution run for personal advantage, began to appear in the journals. The fees were said to have been cut, scholarships abused, and the two short courses for graduation were held to be entirely iiiadei|uate in preparation for the practice of inedicine. Criticism against the -cliool Incame so a l- erse that the governor of the state was forced to take a hand and appointed an entirely new board of trus- tees. .• fter months of futile effort to obtain control of ihe college, the matter wa settled in the court- in favor ot Ihe old board. ' Ihe I ni cr-vitx Cnllege of Medicine was organized in Richmond in Mi , 1893, with Hunter McGuire as its head, . boul him a large faculty was gathered to leach medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy as the three departments of the new school. From the first this school attracted a large attendance. Ihe enrollment

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SCHOOL OF MEDICINE LEE E. SUTTON, JR. 8.S.. M.D. DEAN THE DEANS OF HARRY BEAR D D S.. FA. CD. SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY r z 5 xra H i