McKendree University - McKendrean Yearbook (Lebanon, IL)

Text from Pages 1 - 650 of the 1928 volume:

Publicity Committee Rev. W. C. Walton Ph. D. historian Dean E. P. Baker Judge C. E. Chamberlin Business Manager Paul R. Hortin Editor Joseph Guandolo vs;; m c.a BISHOP McKENDREE was a pioneer circuit rider in the middle west. Thousands of the pioneer generation came under his personal influence. The college which hears his name, the landmark of a century, the Pharos of the Mississippi valley, has stood on the same spot for a century and shed forth her kindly beams on other thousands who have come within her influence. ! This book IS but a partial record of a century ' s achievement. It tells the deeds ' it men and women who have served their tellowmen in college halls; in St. Clair, the first organized county in Illinois; in the n.ition; and in the world. McKendree ' s ciinpus IS sacred ground to thousands who here received an inspiration to nobler liv- ing. To these it will be a reminder of col- lege days. To others it will be a suggestion t the possibilities that life holds for aspir- ing American youth. m IN MENTIONING THE FOI TO THANK THEM FOR tI ING THIS HISTORICAL 1 }, WE WISH LP IN MAK- • POSSIBLE. Mississippi Valley School Supply Company H. A. S. Coffee Company Meyer Brothers Drug Company KrenninG ' Westermann China Company Martin J. Collins Ely a Walker Dry Goods Company Skinner Kennedy Stationery Company Roth ' Homeyer Coffee Company First National Bank of East St. Louis The Southern Illinois National Bank of East St. Louis East St. Louis Daily Journal Company Union Trust Company of East St. Louis Gerold Storage, Packing Moving Company Interstate Stone ■ Marble Works, Inc. Hill-Thomas Lime ? Cement Company B. Goedde 6? Company m ' l. ' lfAMK ■|■Hf• I FOR THEIR HEL hi la: [O ' I ' f-ff j IfETi ' OiaCJAL VOUJrAE ?OSSi£.i.ji. j St. Louis Post ' Dispatch Central Engraving Company Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company Amos James Grocer Company Blackwell Wielandy Company The City Dairies Company Langenberg Hat Company Vestal Chemical Company N. O. Nelson Manufacturing Company William Ford Company Vane ' Calvert Paint Company Edward A. Langan Furniture Company Goodwill Industries of St. Louis Munger Linen Supply, Inc. A. W. Katz Poultry 6? Egg Company REV. C. C. HALL, D. D. President of Board of Trustees CAMERON HARMON, A. B., D. D., LL. D. President of McKendree College CLARK HALL THE CENTENNIAL GATEWAY Eissnmayer Gy; SCIENCE HALL BENSON-WOOD LIBRARY pij ' ' ' c iuwmw.wu......w...;v;, 7:,:, iwrnn r- • THE CHAPEL Our McKendree A College ' mid plains is standing, standing there from olden days. The Pioneer of prairies, first in untrodden ways. For service and Christian culture, for efficiency she stands. Her sons and daughters praise her, with voices, hearts and hands. Hail to thee our dear old McKendree, May we always loyal he, Ifs a song of praise we ' ll raise to thee. Alma Mater, dear old M.-C, May we ever own thee true and wise and right. Honor Purple and the White, And for victory we ' ll alivays fight, ' Till we win for old M-C-K. Enduring and strong she stands there, stands upon our College Hill, Though others may outnumber, she holds the first place still. For beauty and truth and }{nowledge, and for service ivithout hound. Then let us raise our voices, until the plains resound. BOOK I THE McKendrean The year book of McKendree College Stephen A. Kolesa Editor tffMC KEN DREE :: ;g E:; Rev. C. C. Hall, D. D. Leonard Carjon . C. B. Peach . Rev. W. C. Walton, Ph. D Rev. Cameron Harmon . Bishop F. D. Leete Dr. C. B. Spencer Dr. E. C. Waremg Rev. F. M. Van Treese, D. D. BOARD OF TRUSTEES-1927-1928 President Secretary ■ Tnasurer Fiscal Agent President of the College and Ex-officio Member of the Board HONORARY TRUSTEES EMERITUS TRUSTEE Indianapolis, Ind. Kansas City, Mo. Cincinnati, Ohio East St. Louis, IlL TERM EXPIRES 1928 Mr. W. R. Dorns O ' Fallon, lU. Rev. O. L. Markman East St. Louis, lU. Mr. John M. Mitchell Mt. Carmel, 111. Rev. Frank Otto EdwardsviUe, 111. Rev. J. G. Tucker, D. D EdwardsviUe, 111. Mr. H. F. Hecker St. Louis, Mo. Mr. H. H. Bailey Altamont, 111. Rev. F. O. Wilson, D. D. Olney, 111. Rev. Chas. D. Shumard, D. D Albion, 111. Mr. Ira Blackstock Springfield, 111. Mr. C. M. Roos Cairo, 111. Judge Chas. H. Miller Benton, 111. TERM EXPIRES 1929 Dr. W. P. McVey Mr. W. C. Pfeffer . Mr. Harold Barnes Dr. J. L. McCormick, M. D. Rev. Ressho Robertson, D. D Mr. Leonard Carson . Mr. J. G. Wilkin . Mr. C. B. Peach Mr. W. A. Kelsoe Prof. H. G. Schmidt . Rev. J. W. Cummins Rev. W. H. Whitlock, D. D. . Carbondale, 111. Lebanon, 111. Harrisburg, 111. Bone Gap, 111. LawrenceviUe, 111. Granite City, 111. Robinson, 111. Lebanon, 111. St. Louis, Mo. Belleville, 111. . Marion, 111. East St. Louis, 111. TERM EXPIRES 1930 Rev. G. R. Goodman, D. D Mt. Vernon, 111. Rev. C. B. Whiteside Centralia, 111. Rev. C. L. Peterson, D. D Mt. Vernon, 111. Mr. E. B. Brooks Newton, 111. Rev. Robert Morris Murphysboro, 111. Rev. C. C. Hall, D. D. . . Mt. Vernon, 111. Hon. Chas. Deneen, A. M., LL. D Chicago, 111. Rev. M. H. Loar Carbondale, 111. Mr. C. P. HamiU Belleville, 111. Judge Louis Bernreuter Nashville, 111. Eight. MC KENDREE John Clay Dolley, Registrar Latin and Cree}{ A. B., Randolph-Macon College, 1888; M. A., Uni- versity of Wisconsin, 1918. Graduate study: University of Wisconsin, 1917-18; University of Michigan, summer 192a; Washington University, 1922-23; American Academy in Rome, 1924; Travel in Greece, summer 1924. Edwin Percy Baker, Dean German A. B., Ohio Wesleyan University, 1893. A. M., McKendree College, 1896. Graduate study: Sauveur School of Languages, summer 1896. University of Berlin, 1896-97. Edwin Rollin Spencer Biology A. B., University of Illinois, 1911; A. M., University of Illinois, 1914; Ph. D., University of Illinois, 1920. LuELLA Mueller B. S., McKendree College, 1922; M. S., University of Illinois, 1925. Graduate Study: Chicago University, fall 1925. Ada Carroll Voice B. M., American Conservatory; Student of David Bispham, New York; Student of Oscar Sanger, New York. Standleigh Myron McClure Chemistry B. S., Drury College, 1914; M. S., Drury College, 1915. Graduate study: Northwestern University, 1915-16; University of Illinois, summer 1920; Harvard University, sum- mer 1922; University of Chicago, summer 1923. William Clarence Walton Philosophy and Education A. B., McKendree College. 1892; A. M., McKendree College, 1894; Ph. D., McKendree College, 1897. Graduate study: University of Chicago, summer 1909; University of Illinois, summers 1917-18; European Travel, summer 1925. Charles Jacob Stowell Mathematics B. S., Illinois Wesleyan University, 1911; A. M., Uni- versity of Illinois, 1912- Ph. D., University of Illinois, 1917. Graduate study. University of Illinois, 1923-24. A mini5trcltil1lt A mini5tvation C. John Bittner Social Science A. B., University of Valparaiso, 1916; A. M., Iowa State University, 1924. Graduate Work: Iowa State University, 1924-25; summer 1925; University of Chicago, summers 1926-27. Grant McDonald Piano, Organ, Theory of Music Graduate in Piano, Organ, and Theory, Drury College, 1920; Mus. B., American Conservatory, summer 192 ' ;; Student of Heniot Levy and of Josef Lhevinne. John William Andrew Kinison Bible and Religious Education A. B., McKendree College, 1915; B.D.,Garrett Bibical Institute, 1918; A. M., Washington University, 1922. Graduate study: Washington University, 1921-22. Lennie Bertha LaRue Fre?ic)i and Spanish A. B., Missouri Valley College, 1923. Graduate study : Missouri Valley, summer 1923; University of Missouri, summer 1925; University of Missouri, i92 ' ;-26. Evelyn McNeely English B. S., University of lUinois, 1927. Glenn F. Filley B. S., Missouri Wesleyan, 1923. Graduate study : University of Illinois, summer 1924; University of Illinois, summer 1Q26. Joseph M. H. rrell English A. B., McKendree College, 1921; S. T. B., Boston University School of Theology, 1924; A. M., Boston University, 1925. Graduate study: Harvard University, 1924-25; Northwestern Uni- versity, summer, 1920. Alleen Wilson Librarian A. B., Missouri Wesleyan College, 1919. Graduate study: Colorado University, summer 1920; Summer Li- brary Conference, Madison, Wisconsin, 1923; University of Illinois Library School, summers 1924-25. MC KENDREE Alimiiustratiiin Claude E. Vick Education B. S., University of Illinois, igi ' ;. Graduate study: University of Illinois, summers 1925-26. Wesley Charles Kettlekamp History A. B., Central Wesleyan College, 1921; A. M., Uni- versity of Chicago, 1922. Graduate study: University of Chicago, 1922. Olive E. Patmore Expression arid English Graduate School of Expression, Trevecca College, 1920; A. B., Trevecca College, 1922. Graduate study: Boston School of Expression, summer 1923; Gym- nasium Course, Morse School of Expression. J. Wendell Dunn Physics B. S., McKendree College, 1925. Graduate study: University of Illinois, summers 1925-26. Oliver C. Wahl Vio in Graduate in Violin and Theory, Beethoven Conserva- tory, 1926; Student of Ernest La Prade, summer 1926; A. B., McKendree College, 1928. Pauline Harper Voice Graduate in Piano and Theory, Missouri Wesleyan, 1909; Graduate in Public School Music Methods, Northwestern U.; Graduate in Voice, Missouri Wesleyan, 1920; Student Denver University, summer 1921; Student of John C. Wilcox; Voice pupil of John W. Bohn, 1926; Northwestern U. School of Music, summer, 1926. Mrs. Minnie Phillips House Mother Irvin R. Nelson Historv , McKendree College, 1928. ■ ■ . .g- g c KEN PRE E : : .. .-. ..- I ' cniors Clarence R. Brennan, A. B. East St. Lotus, lUtnois To he able to head a senior class, it is necessary to possess the best methods of diplomacy, a keen insight into human nature and an irresistible personality. Such is Chick, our class president. His radiant smile, cheerful disposition and friendUness are typ- ical evidence of his true ' Shamrock ancestry. Chick ' is one of the most popular men on the campus and ever dependable in his tasks. A pretty little co-ed seems to be his only weakness or is it his comfort and strength? PRESIDENT CENTENNIAL CLASS; PRESIDENT PHILOSOPHIANS; PRESI- DENT Y. M. C. A.; PRESIDENT STUDENT ASSOCIATION; VICE-PRESI- DENT O.XFORD CLUB; DEBATE TEAM, ' 26. ' 37; PI KAPPA DELTA; BACHELORS. Daniel Earl Hussong, A. B. Raxatia, lUinms A pleasing personality enhanced by a rich basso voice, a friendly- smile and a congenial attitude have made Huss one of the pop ' ular men on the campus. Though much of his time seemed to be occupied in the company of his lady fair, he found plenty of opportunities to take a remark- able part in student activities. He would be an asset to any or- ganization in which he might be interested, and with his native ability in song and public speech, Huss will surely make his mark. QUARTET. 24. 25, =6. ' 17; SONG LEADER; GLEE CLUB. ' 24. ' iv ' 6. 17. -28; DEBATE. 1918; GYPSY ROVER; MARTHA: BOHEMIAN GIRL. MESSIAH; AS YOU LIKE IT; TAMING OF THE SHREW;- PLATO; NATURE CLUB; ALPHA PSI OMEGA; PI KAPPA DELTA; LASS O ' LIMERICK TOWN. ' Ruth Henry, A. B. Oblong, Illinois Great things often come disguised in small packages, and so it is with Ruth. Her quiet, brown eyes and her merry smile are indeed an index to her serious and humorous nature. Just ask Chick. Anything attempted is that thing accomplished, when Ruth is the one to do it. A true McKendrean and a real friend is this demure member of the Centennial class. VICE-PRESIDENT STUDENT ASSOCIATION, CLIO PRESIDENT. Margaret Teague, B. M. West Frankfort, Illinois Some people are fortunate in being endowed with both beauty and talent. Margaret is a good example of such a combination. With these assets and a magnetic personality, she swept into the arena of her life. Earl Hussong. By her musical ability and achievements, she has attained the goal which has for its reward the degree. Bachelor of Music. CLIO PRESIDENT; GLEE CLUB; MESSIAH; THE LASS O ' LIMERICK TOWN; THE BOHEMIAN GIRL; ALPHA PSI OMEGA; STUDENT ASSOCIATION PIANIST. Ti(fiit) ' -Tu ' o Seniors Clifton Gould, B. S. Lebanon, Illinois The captain of our fast basketball squad has shown his i fulness on the athletic field as well as in the parlor. Active as a deer on the gridiron and basketball court, Hurley is as smooth as a dear when Peggy he courts. Versatile as an athlete, he is no less so as a speaker. His smooth, flowing tongue works equally well, whether for an impromptu, to a prospective Fuller Brush customer, or in making love. PLATO; MATH CLUB; FOOTBALL, -14. ' ij. ' i6, ' ij; BASKETBALL. 6. 27, CAPTAIN. ' 28; TRACK, ' i . ' 26, ' 27. CAPT. ' MN, ' 28; ALPHA MU- OMEGA; McKENDREAN STAFF, ' 27; ' M CLUB; PURPLE M, ' - -26, Joseph Guandolo, A. B. Conway, Pennsylvania That rare combination of athletic ability and keen intellect is one of the fine attributes of this lovable chap — Joe — in whose veins flows the blood of ancestors from Sunnyland. An indefatigable worker, with an unceasing interest in all stu- dent activities and a smiling way, make Joe a natural leader in whatever he undertakes. His talent in argumentation and writing assure him a bright future. FOOTBALL. 24, ' 25, ■26. -27, CAPTAIN, ' 26; BASEBALL, ' 26. ' 27. ' 28; AN- NUAL STAFF, ' 26. ' 27. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF. 27; EDITOR, McKENDREE CENTENNIAL HISTORY; DEBATE. -26, -27, ' 28, CAPTAIN. ' 27. ' 28; VICE- PRESIDENT STUDENT ASSOCIATION; PRESIDENT OF CARNEGIE HALL; PI KAPPA DELTA; PRESIDENT PLATONIAN LITERARY SO- CIETY. Margaret Robinson, A. B. Lebanon, Illinois What girl ' s heart does not thrill when she sees a handsome athlete go forward to bring honors to his Alma Mater and to himself. Peg is no exception, for she was always there when a certain dark-haired Senior was in the fray. Peg will always be remembered when we chance to think of Shakespeare, for she interpreted Rosalind ' s part in As You Like It in a very realistic manner. Vivian Young, A. B. Mdrissa, Illinois For versatility, Viv is without peer. Her convincing person- ality won for her a position on the Debate Team of 26, and also the attentions of a dark-haired McKendrean known as Joe. She is an able impersonator and her readings are always appre- ciated. Her magnetic personality and her ready smile have won for her many friends. ■Tit ' eiit;y-Three cntcrrs LoRiN Mitchell, B. S. Olney, Illinois For excellence in scholastic ability, consistency in applying him- self to his studies, as well as his prominence in student activities in which he participated, Mitch takes his hat off to none. More- over, in school spirit, he ' s unequalled. Mitch, with his easy smile, wavy hair as black as night, and that quality termed the human touch. is one well-liked by both boys and girls. Success to this boy will not come as luck but as a deserved reward. LIGHTIN; McKENDREAN STAFF, -iS; MATH Dale Benner, B. S. East St. Louts, Illinois When looking for Dale around the campus, one is likely to be baffled in his efforts to find him, for he ' s here one moment and gone the next, making himself the most exclusive upper-classman on the hill. The blame, however, lies not on his hut Fate ' s shoulders. Dale has to be exclusive in order to hold a position with the Aluminum Ore Plant in East St. Louis and at the same time attend his classes. He ' s Edison II when it comes to sleep — may he not be also in achievement SHURTLEFF COLLEGE, ' ii. ' 23, ' 2,. GoLDA Taylor, A. B. Lebanon, Illinois In everyone ' s make-up there is both strength and weakness. Golda ' s most pronounced specimen of the latter is man, which she seriously tries to analyze. The object of her study is none other than Lorin Mitchell. By her Alpha Psi Omega pin, we know that Golda may well apply the following poem to herself: Breathes there a woman with soul so dead. Who never to herself hath said, ' I know that I can act ' . ALPHA PSI ASS0C:iAT10 lEC SECRETARY-TREASURER STUDENT Ray Bass, A. B. Eldorado, Illinois When Ray came to McKendree from Carbondale University, he cast his lot with the adventures of the matrimonial voyage. As a consequence, a McKendree co-ed has not only been his assistant pastor ever since, but also the fountain whence his wisdom pours forth. Aspiring to a bishopry, the presidency of a large educational institution, or at least to the pastorate of a large edifice of worship, Ray is guided by the highest ambition and loftiest ideals in thought and deeds. OXFORD CLUB. Twenty-Foi •enters James Stuart, B. S. Granite Citv, llhnois Here he comes, there he goes, and Jimmie is everywhere. Speedy and active always, this veritable bundle of nerves and activity is constantly in the limelight on the college campus. No introduction is required to know this jolly, good fellow, for with his peppy actions and cheery, radiant smile, the stranger is made to feel he has already met Jimmie. Could any other politi- cian or diplomat possess a more mysterious ability than this ASSOCIATE IN ATHLETICS; REVIEW STAFF; BACHELORS. Paul Hortin, A. Albion, Illinois To he diligent in his duties, consistent in his class work, con- genial with whom he comes in contact, true to his friends, and ar- dent in lo ' e, seem to be the motto of the busiest man on the campus. Persistent in his method and suave in his speech, Paul makes success out of all his undertakings. He is a leader of no mean caliber and a man of his type can always make the best of his opportunities. MANAGER CENTENNIAL HISTORY; PRESIDENT PLATO; PRESI- DENT ALPHA PSI OMEGA; PRESIDENT GLEE CLUB; McKENDREAN STAFF, -17; VICE-PRESIDENT Y. M. C. A.; SONG LEADER; MANAG- ING EDITOR. REVIEW; EGYPTIAN QUARTETTE; McKENDREE QUARTETTE; ORCHESTRA. ' 14. 15; ■•MARTHA; BOHEMIAN GIRL; EXPRESSING WILLIE; MESSIAH CLUB. Earl Miller, B. S. Granite City, Illinois Earl is one of the very few among the Centennial graduates who is a natural scientist, devoted to the laws of science and ever search- ing for its marvelous secrets. To him steel is not a cold, lifeless matter, but a living potentiality with a pyramid of possibilities further to benefit mankind. Not a believer in getting his education from one institution. Earl has tasted of the scholastic food at Washington and Chicago Uni- versities. He leaves McKendree an out-and-out McKendrean. PHILO; WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY; CHICAGO UNIVERSITY. Edna Kinsey, A. B. Allamont, Illmois A scribe, an artist, a musician, and a tennis player is this versa- tile Senior. Whether the occasion demands light or serious con- versation, Red admirably adapts herself to the condition. Her ability as an artist won for her the post of art editor of the McKendrean for two years. You were always congenial, Red — we ' ll miss you. ORCHESTRA, ' is. ' 6: CLIO; Y. W. C. A. TREASURER, -27. -28; PI KAPPA DELTA; VICE-PRESIDENT STUDENT ASSOCIATION; McKENDREAN ART EDITOR. ' iS. ' 27; EDITOR-IN-CHIEF McKENDREE REVIEW, ' iS; DEBATE CAPTAIN, ' 2 . Tu ' ent;y-I ' ue Seniors Dale Wilson, y ewton, UUnc A. B. Those who really know Dale find in him a truly attractive personality. Clean cut in his appearance, he is no less so in his character. He has revealed his versatility by his contribution to scholastic, forensic, dramatic and musical activities of his Alma Mater. In a petite, golden-haired damsel, after many years of experi- mentation. Dale has announced to the world at large that he has finally found Her and all that he expected. PI KAPPA DELTA; DEBATE TEAM, ' 27. ' 28; PRESIDENT PLATO; VICE- PRESIDENT SYMPHONIC CLUB; PRESS CLUB; ORCHESTRA; BAND; Y. M. C. A.; AS YOU LIKE IT. Clifton Oxendine, A. B. Pates, Tiprth Carolina A true son of America, Oxie wisely has taken full advantage of its heritage, especially that in the educational realm. Not only did he obtain his college degree by hard work, wise selection, careful study and persistence, in addition Oxie intends to exalt himself in the noble profession of teaching. In the lighter side of his life, he has shown himself to be right there. Oxie prefers jokes of the apple-pie type, however, he never fails to see the point in the flattest of jokes. CLASS PRESIDENT, ' 16; McKEN- Charles Jack, A. B. Opdyke. lUmois A scramble, a quick grab, a twist, and a long arm reaches up and this dependable basketeer scores another of his thrilling shots. Charley, the backbone of our basketball team, is one of the most popular athletes in McKendree. Fair play is the motto of Charley, who can also boast of having an engaging personality, a bushel of wit and a friendly disposition. To know him is to know a friend good and true. FOOTBALL, ' ifi. ' j?; BASKETBALL. ' 16. ' ly. ' is, CAPTAIN. ' 27; BASEBALL, •ij. -16. 17. CAPTAIN. 28; ALPHA MU OMEGA; PLATO PRESIDENT; •■M CLUB; PURPLE M. 27. ' 28. Vernal R. W. Hardy, B. S. ElUs Grove. Illmois Swift and dextrous on the tennis court, this tall and handsome young man applied his quick, efficient methods of the tennis court to every task and duty which fell to his lot. In striking contrast, a gentle and kind disposition makes his personality an unusually likable one and has won him many friends. To one young fair co-ed, at least, Willy is just the darlingest thing. Being a man of vitality, his future is very promising. REVIEW, MANAGING EDITOR. 26. ' 27. EDITOR. ' 27: McKENDREE BULLETIN. EDITOR. -26, ' 27; PRESIDENT PLATO; TENNIS, -24. ' 27; MATHEMATICS CLUB; ASSISTANT IN CHEMISTRY; SIGMA 2ETA. cniors Elza Cralley. Mount Olive, llh B. S. Ordinarily very quiet, Elza can talk interestingly for a lengthy period when the subject happens to he biology. What he sees through the microscope would cover a mountain. Being a scientist by natural inclination, Elza has that pecu- liarly sympathetic understanding of the minute life. His pictur- esque descriptions of the many dilly-dallying little creatures beneath the magnifying glass makes biology seem a romancette. His interest in little things, it is said, extends to include a little Belleville girl. Delbert Lacquement, a. B. Colhnsrille, Illinois A quick glance, a flashy smile, a friendly greeting — that is Lacky, the Fighting Parson of our football team, and a real friend. His unselfish nature was revealed in his athletic career when he sacrificed personal glory for the good of the team. Playing the game well and fair, Lacky did much to keep up a fine morale among his team-mates with his peppy and cheerful spirit. Adversity will not deter this congenial chap from achieving his goal. PRESIDENT OXFORD Glenn ' ' Jack Haskin, B. S. Oblong, Illinois A resounding slap on the back and a hearty, booming laugh, and you know that Jack is indulging in another of his quiet, re- served jokes. He has McKendree pretty well in hand, from the faculty to co-eds. His conscience severely chides him, however, for the multitudes of pleasant dreams he has shattered in the boys dormitory during his windy career with the bugle. Jack is the proud possessor of those rare qualities which can arouse enthusiasm even at a funeral. FOOTBALL, ' ly; TRACK. • 6. ' ly. 8; PRESIDENT PHILO; PRESIDENT BACHELORS; CHEER LEADER, ' 24- ' a8; SECRETARY-TREASURER M CLUB; BAND. -14, ' 15; CIRCULATION MANAGER REVIEW; INSTRUC- TOR IN ACADEMY. William Kratzer, A. B. Jamestown, Missouri Bill, one of our most popular and prominent students, is called the Jim Reed of McKendree. He is for Missouri first, last, and always, because, as he aptly says; A state is to be exalted that can produce such men as Jim and I. A man of aggressiveness, persistency and business ability, quite evident in everything he does, assure Bill a future bright and rosv. The services which he rendered for the glory of Old Mc- Kendree and fellow-students cannot be too much appreciated. PRESIDENT PHILO; BACHELORS; BUSINESS MANAGER McKEN- DREAN igay; GLEE CLUB. ' 25. ' zO. ' ly. ' S; BUSINESS MANAGER MC- KENDREE REVIEW; SECRETARY ' -TREASURER GLEE CLUB, ' ly, -28. TwentySe MC KEND REE ' s:? ; - . . § ' cntors Irwin R. Nelson, A. B. Williamsnlle, Missouri With a heart as big as he is tall and robust, Irwin is the type of man who inspires confidence and affection in everyone he meets. One would have to be as strong and efficient as Irwin to handle several classes besides participating in extra-curricular and schol- astic activities. With sterling character, consistent working methods and with a radiantly, pleasant disposition, this big, old boy can accomplish much in the teaching profession, which he chose as his life ' s work. Leonard Metcalf, A. B. Case ill«, Illinois Leonard is one of the few fortunate men who go to college to obtain an education, but in the process form an entangling alliance with the opposite sex and get a wife, too. He settled down early in his college career. As a result, Leonard is one of the most earnest, conscientious and hard-working students in everything he does. With his native ability coupled with that of his life-mate, success to him seems to be just around the corner. PHILO: OXFORD CLUB. Marion Kirkbride, A. B. Cdiro, Illinois Troubles befall all, and this blue-eyed Egyptian from Cairo has not been exempted. All through her senior year Marion has been under a terrific mental strain. The two vital questions of her life, to which the answers have not as vet been found, are To let her hair grow or not to let it grow, and To diet or not to diet. As for the former, we will say forget it, for gentlemen prefer blondes, regardless of whether or not they have bobbed hair, but for the latter, nobody loves a fat . ■LASS O- Lt.MERlCK TOWN; ' Helen Metcalf, A. B. Collmst ' illf, Illinois We remember Helen as a prominent member of the McKendree Concert Company. This noted company entertained Southern Illinois in the summer of ' 17. Now Helen has a husband to entertain and she is proving her- self to be a capable minister ' s wife. Her sweet disposition, accom- panied by perseverance and pluck, cause McKendree to be proud to claim her as a daughter. 1ARTHA; MCKENDREE CONCERT COM ' Tu -ntv-E.ght IMC KENDREE :: : ,,.;. .:.. •cniors Kenneth Rippel, A. B. Moherly, Missour, Who could keep from laughing, when this witty and peppy Missourian was around? He could sing, too, for he was a member of the McKendree Quartette. Possessing a happy-go-luckv dispo- sition, his clever conversation made him a genuine humorist. This ability classified him as an able and interesting entertainer. On the stage he could take anv role and perform successfully, as can be noted by the many appearances he made. All McKen- dreans will remember how gallantly he played in As You Like It. PRESIDENT GLEE CLUB; PRESIDENT PLATO; SONG LEADER; McKEN- DREE QUARTETTE; -GYPSY ROVER; MARTHA; LASS O ' LIM- ERICK TOWN, TAMING OF THE SHRE ' ; AN ECONOMICAL BOOMERANG; AS YOU LIKE IT; SECRETARYTREASURER STU- DENT ASSOCIATION. Eugene Smith, A. B. East St. Lou.s, llhncns If he were the direct descendant of the highest nobility. Gene could not conduct himself in a more gentlemanly way, nor walk with a more portly and graceful stride. Tall and straight as a reed, he is as stately as any prince. But hidden within him there is a cordial and warm personality with plenty of response for affection. As a scholar, he ranks well; as a debater, he is hard to refute. Verdie Correll, B. S. Lebanon, Illinois Verdie s large, dark, and mysterious eyes attract one ' s attention immediately. She must be a juggler and a magician, because of the apparent ease with which she accomplishes strange tricks with figures. As an impersonator, she soars beyond the ordinary, for did she not interpret the part of Adam in As You Like It, with unusual success? We sometimes wonder, Verdie, just what you are think- ing, when your eyes get that far away look, because we know you aren ' t thinking of mathematical figures then. Viola Ragland, A. B. Greenville. Illinois Viola was with us for one, brief semester, yet she made many friends during this time. She came to us from Greenville College, where she was in school for three and one-half years. Viola is musically inclined, as is evidenced by her ability to play the piano. Indeed she was an excellent student for, her name never failed to appear on the honor roll. She is a real friend to those with whom she is associated. GREENVILLE COLLEGE, as- ' 16. ' 27- (it -.Nine Seniors Emmery H. Martin, B. S. Sumner, [llmois tellar McKendrean athlete, invincible ports. IS characterized by a generous still waters run deep, and when it which he believes, then his True to his type, this on the field of collegiate amount of reserve. But, comes to a matter of principles strong character is truly revealed. However, his reserve did not keep his thoughts from lightly turning to love. It would not at all be surprising if he soon lent his ears to the Heavenly strains from Lohengrin. PHILO; BACHELORS; TRACK. ' 16. ' 2-. ' 28, FOOTBALL, ' 28; BASEB. LL. •17; CLASS PRESIDENT, ' 27; MATHEMATICS CLUB; M CLUB; BUS- INESS MANAGER REVIEW; PURPLE M, ' ' 27, iS; B. ' HSKETBALL. t, 28. Philip Glotfelty, A. B. Granite City, Illniois When a man goes out for football practice every day for four consecutive seasons without earning a letter, he certainly must be a man overflowing with the spirit of self-sacrifice, abounding with persistence, and especially fond of hard knocks. That introduces Rocky. Diminutive in size, Rocky played an inconspicuous, but heroic, role in athletics. But the honors he lost in football he gained as the custodian of our most beloved pet bear. Rocky wisely chose a field of service — the ministry. PLATO; Y. M. C. A.; CHEER LEADER, ■2;. ■26. -27. Helen Douglas, A. B. Oblong, llmois Doug is McKendree ' s most famous man-hater. All but John Hall have given up hopes of ever obtaining her coveted smile. He still pursues her steadily, furiously, yea — even vigorously, but Helen will have none of him. Leap Year dates cause her to lose no sleep, for she knows John ' s persistence will urge him to ask for just one date. Alas, alack! Doug, we wish you joy! McKENDREE REVIEW STAFF. -26. ' 27; W SECRETARY-TREASURER JUNIOR CLASS. cKENDREAN STAFF. Lela Sites, A. B. Salem, Illinois Lela is small and peppy, and one of her chief delights is a mid- night feast. Last year she distinguished herself as a member of the Eternal Triangle, and has proved to be the survival of the fittest. She IS not thinking in terms proportionate to her advancement in the field of mathematics, as this year she is thinking in fewer numbers. Having linguistic possibilities, she is especially interested in the romance languages. CLIO PRESIDENT; MATH CLUB SECRETARY. •Seniors LossiE Morris, A. B. OTdlloii, Jllmois With a mischievous twinkle in his eyes, a pleasant disposition and a friendly manner, Lossie seems to have found the secret to creep into the hearts of his classmates. Unassuming usually, blatant never, this young minister has a future before him in the field to which his Master has called him. Though Lossie has been with us only one year, he leaves McKen- dree a true son of his Alma Mater. PARK COLLEGE, ' ii. ' y Robert Peach, A. B. Lebanon. Illmo.s With a pleasing baritone voice, a luxuriant crop of light hair, keen intellect and excellent acting abilities, Robert is an asset unto himself. This explains in part his success in musical operettas. From early childhood, Robert long aspired to attend McKen- dree College, on the campus of which he has romped many a day. His dream has more than come true, for he is one of the Cen- tennial class. He believes in education for business. GLEE CLUB, •lyii: PRESIDENT PHILO, EXPRESSING WILLIE; ' AS YOU LIKE IT; BOHEMIAN GIRL: ' MARTHA; LASS O ' LIMERICK TOWN; MESSIAH. Fay Ragland, A. B. Greennllc, llUnois It is rather diiEcult to tell about Fay without telling about May at the same time. The twins spent two and one-half years in Green- ville College and one-half year in DePauw University. Wanting to graduate from the right place, they came to Mc- Kendree to conclude their college careers. At first they seemed to be quiet and reserved, but on better acquaintance they are known to be right jolly. Continued — in May ' s write-up. GREENVILLE COLLEGE, ' 25. ' 26; DePAUW UNIVERSITY, ' 27. May Ragland, A. B Greenville, Illinois If any distinction can be made, this half of the twins is the more mischievous. Both are excellent scholars and are interested in other activities too. By exhibiting skill in basketball they won their college G ' s in this sport. May was also yell leader for her class. These girls are good examples of true sisterly love. GREENVILLE COLLEGE, ' is. ' 26; DePAUW UNIVERSITY, ' 27. antiiu ' s Sam Kotelly, A. B. Chautauqua, ew Tor A congenial personality, a ready wit, and the ability to speak well in several languages, peculiarly fit this ambitious young man for his chosen profession — law. His inclination to work hard and his ability to keep at it promise Sam the success which he deserves. Clean in thought and conduct, this Albanian boy unconsciously plays to advantage the best attribute for making friends. Naturally a future judge would blush when a girl tries to kiss him. PLATO; GLEE CLUB. Alfred Crossley, B. S. OTaUon, lUmo s Beneath a rather quiet and pleasing personality, the explorer in human nature will find a heart of gold and sterling qualities of a faithful friend in this young lad. His character, clean intellect and sincere attitude towards others make him a good pal for any one. Though not spectacular, Al will achieve a high place in the chemical or business world, with his perseverance and stick-to-it- iveness. A pretty little girl at Belleville holds his heart in her little hand, and this explains why Al has rather neglected our fair McKendree maidens. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. ■24- Oliver Wahl, A. B. EdwardsviUe, llhnon Quiet and reserved, Oliver has the ability to make his violin, which he loves, do the talking for him. At his hands, this instru- ment, otherwise inanimate and lifeless, laughs with glee, cries with sadness, sighs with longing. To his active interest is due the credit for the organization of the McKendree band and orchestra. It is hoped by those who know of his activities, that he will remain at his post to tontinue his good work. Anthony Sigillito, A. B. St. Loms, Misscurt Coming to McKendree in his senior year, Sig at once took an active interest in several student organizations and became a true McKendrean. His congenial and sociable nature has made for him numerous friends from Italy, his birthplace, to McKendree. His record in college, his genuine earnestness in performing his work, and his confidence in himself assure success in his chosen profession. Girls? Well — he prefers blondes and brunettes. ThrtyTwo § ' cniors Paul Gould, A. B. FreebuTg. Ubnois His serene pair of eyes can speak more eloquently for him than the golden tongue for the orator. This explains why Paul, a man of few words, has such a beguiling way with the opposite sex. Being a firm beHever in the dictum, Early to bed, early to rise, the wonder is how he can work this paradoxical role of the gallant lover and still arise with the dawn. The how must be the secret of his success. PLATO; BAND; ORCHESTRA; Y. M. C. A. Ronald Mowe, B. S. Lcbdnon, llbmns Talented in music and very capable in athletics, Pete has made himself one of the most popular boys among his classmates. Perhaps his drawback in pushing himself before the spotlight is a certain degree of modesty which works to his advantage in making admiring friends. While to his sweetheart he is just a baby, Pete is a real man when it comes to swinging a tennis racket or throwing the javelin. Popularity, he says, comes to him who does not seek it. TENNIS, ' i6, 17, ' 18; TRACK, ly; BAND, ' 25; M CLUB; ALPHA MU OMEGA; ASSISTANT IN CHEMISTRY. Frank C. Brown, A. B. Lebanon, Illinois Entering McKendree way back in 1910, when the women wore long dresses and long hair, Frank attended school here whenever his profession left him free to do so, to become a proud member of the Centennial class. This elderly senior, with a more serious aspect upon life than most of his classmates, is keen in perceiving the humorous side of life. His laughter comes out in delightful ripples. A hard worker always, Frank is inspired by the Muses when it comes to writing original poems and songs. A.; MANDOLIN QUAR- Walter p. Whitlock, A. B. East St. Loms, Illinois Walter is a living example of what a preacher ' s son ought be. Quiet in manners, courteous to all and always willing to i his share for any good cause, he is much sought after. This lovable charac any group, IS ade more desirable by a soft, rich baritone voice. But really to know him, one must he enlightened by Laura. With his own abilities and those of his running mate, Walter will shine brightly in the community in which he locates. PRESIDENT PLATO; Y. M. C. A.; GLEE CLUB; BAND, ' is. ' i6. ' n. ' iS; ORCHESTRA. -24. ' 26; MATHEMATICS CLUB; INSTRUCTOR IN ACADEMY. .s: S ss ])uninrs Stephen Kolesa Far-famed and great as a football star, A speedy runner in baseball and track. Of this year ' s McKendrean, he ' s Editor-in-Chief, So you see in nothing is he ever slack. PRESIDENT FRESHMAN CLASS; VICE-PRESIDENT M CLUB; PLATO; FOOTBALL, ' s. ' 6. ' 7; BASEBALL. -26. ' ir. ■i8; TRACK. ' i6. ' 27, ' 28; PURPLE M. ' 26. ' 27. ' 28; BACH- ELORS; EDITOR INTERSCHOLASTIC PROGRAM. ' 28; ASSISTANT EDITOR McKENDREAN. ' 27; EDITOR-IN-CHIEF McKENDREAN, ' 28. Lucille Hadfield With laugh and song, with mirth and play. She joyfully passes each happy day. Never selfish or dull at heart On McKendree ' s campus she plays her part. GLEE CLUB; MESSIAH; CLIO; QUARTETTE; REVIEV ' STAFF, ' 28; BOHEMIAN GIRL; MATH CLLIB; McKEN- DRE. N STAFF. ' 28. Julia Wilson To accomplish all — she will never fail, For hers are the qualities that always win. She does not stop when things go WTOng, But picks up the threads and starts all over again. PRESIDENT V. V. C. A.; CLIO; McKENDREAN STAFF. Thomas Perkins President of the Junior Class is he, A leader necessarily he has to be. Known all around this beautiful land. For he ' s McKendree ' s publicity ' man. PRESIDENT JUNIOR CLASS; REVIEW STAFF; PLATO. BACHELORS; TRACK, ' 27, ' 28; M CLUB; ORCHESTRA- BAND; BUSINESS MANAGER McKENDREAN, ' 28. Edward Apple Here and there and everywhere You see this jolly boy. First he ' s here and then he ' s there. Ready and willing all things to enjoy. Margaret Shaffer From the tips of her toes to her beautiful eyes. She is maidenly, dainty and precise. Her gentle spirit and modest air. Prove her as diUgent as she is fair. GLEE CLUB; BOHEMIAN GIRL; MESSIAH, CLIO. Constance G LENN Belle and Connie are very close friends. If you see them together, you ' ll think they ' re twins, Connie ' s eyes are blue, and brown is her hair. You ' ll always find that she ' ll treat you square. PIA KAPPA DELTA; GLEE CLUB; MESSIAH; DEBATE. •28; EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING. ' 2-; BOHEMIAN GIRL; LASS O ' LIMERICK TOWN; CLIO; McKENDREAN STAFF. ' 28. Harold Culver He was the Junior ' s basketball star. Who played with a vim to win. When the game was close, or the score was a tie The ball was usually passed to him. PRESIDENT M CLUB. BACHELORS. T n t -Four MC KENDREE Junior John Dolley Always smiling, his lessons ready, He is ever present, ever steady, For versatility he is also noted, Altho to his work, he is seriously devoted. PHILO; BACHELORS. Mary H UGHES If this fair maiden you should chance to meet. You would observe her as being demure and sedate. She is diligent, quiet, retiring and dependable. Her work is always very commendable. PRESIDENT GLEE CLUB; BOHEMIAN GIRL; LASS O ' LIMERICK TOWN. Y. V. C, A. CABINET; BAZAAR PRESIDENT. Mae Goddard What ' s the use of grumbling and being down-hearted. What ' s the use of sighing and being blue. What ' s the use of weeping if you weep alone? Just laugh so the world may laugh with you. CLIO; AS YOU LIKE IT; NATURE CLUB. Charles Nichols His whole lite through he ' s looking for fun. One joke isn ' t finished, till another ' s begun. He hkes to sing and tease and play and jest. But oft-time seriousness reigns above the rest. PRESIDENT PHILO; BASEBALL, ' 17. ' iS; ORATORY, ' iS; PI KAPPA DELTA; DEBATE ' 28; GLEE CLUB; QUARTETTE; LASS O ' LIMERICK TOWN; Lee Baker When we look at Lee we find. One with a keen and fertile mind. Content to follow his own life ' s call When duty summons he will never fall. ' PHILO; MATH CLUB; McKENDREAN STAFF, -27 Alma Buess Quiet, reserved and dignified is she. Her image is so fair to behold. Her cheerful smile and her stately grace Will stay with her, tho she be a hundred old. Edith Plato When into your life the rain does fall. Don ' t be discouraged, just forget it all. For life ' s worth while and it ' s not a bore. If we sing a little and jest a little more. CLIO; GLEE CLUB; BOHEMIAN GIRL. Harold Slaten Harold is the preacher among our number And never does his mental faculty slumber, Ever alert and busy through the day. Is he content to pursue his own life ' s way. OXFORD CLUB; Y. M. C. A.; PHILO. MC KENDREE s .,,. John Oster He ' s a Bachelor but he has no pin For httle Geneva, his heart did win. In hasehall. on second base may he be found. To tag the opponent, when he comes around. Geneva Grieve Thre: years of contact prove her as pure As she is quiet, wise and demure. She wastes no time on foohsh things Because for her the bell of business rings. CLIO; NATURE CLUB; REVIEW STAFF. -28. Robert Young Books! Oh books, how I admire you. What to me could be more fun Than to peruse your pages when I am blue And absorb your thoughts one by one. PLATO. Ray Goode Across the miles to East from West, Rode Goode, our Javelin King, He had in mind, to do his best. That laurels to McKendree, he might bring. Thomas Claire This minister ' s name is Thomas Claire Who came to McKendree in twenty-eight, His favorite expression everyone knows, is, Let ' s see, now, if I have this straight. Dorothy Ikemire Ready and wilhng to do her share She lives her life each gladsome day. Her eye is clear, her face is fair. She is a friend who will always stay. Belle Pfennighausen Petit and dark is this fair Belle. She does her work and she does it well. With a cheery hello, she greets each one. She studies but she also has her fun. DEBATE. ' 17. ' 18; GLEE CLUB; Y. W. C. A CABINET; BOHEMIAN GIRL; MESSIAH; CLIO; FIA KAPPA DELTA; LASS O ' LIMERICK TOWN; M KENDREAN STAFF. -iS. LoY Wattles In declamation for Plato very witty Is this tall youth from fair Clay City, He has poise and voice and tact And he can wield the discus, when it ' s time for track. BACHELORS; PLATO; M ' CLUB; TRACK. ' 26. ' 27. ' 18. MC KENDREE inmns Erle Todd Captain of the Bear Cats of twenty-eight, Was this tall youth from fair Penn State. He led the boys through thick and thin. Always fighting and determined to win. PLATO; PRESIDENT CLASS, ' 25; PRESIDENT ALPHA MU OMEGA: FOOTBALL. -14. ' 25. ' 6. CAPTAIN, ' 17; BASKET- BALL. ' 27; EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING, ' 27; PI KAPPA DELTA. Vera Smith Good natured. obliging, kind and true. She does all that is assigned to do. She likes to play and she likes to work. Let duty call for she will never shirk. CLIO; MATH CLUB, Edward Woo From across the Pacific, he comes to us. To study and to learn our ways. He is silent, but his mind is keen We hope he ' ll remember us always. Marvin Grupe On Plato ' s floor he took his stand. To make a speech I ' ll vow. Some day a favorite artist, he will be. For he can even paint a picture now. PLATO, Val Baggott Val hails trom the Sunny South Where the sun is always shining. A little flagrant, boastful and imperious. But under all there is a strain that is serious. football, -2-; tr.ack, ' 26, 2-. Audrey Bower Joyful, kind and obliging too, Audrey is a sincere friend to you, If she knows you once, she knows you forever, Because friendships to her, are not to sever. GLEE CLUB; CLIO; BOHEMIAN GIRL; DEBATE, Joe Williams Although his name was Polky Joe, In a football game, he was never slow. He tackled his man, and he tackled him hard. Never letting him run, not even a yard. alpha mu omega; football, -2,, ' i-. Helene Ferrell Everyone watches for Helene ' s smile Because it always greets you, She would go out of her way a mile, If a favor she might do for you. CLIO; Y. W. C. A. CABINET. Erwin Hake A proverbial school teacher. Alvenia Hecklinger Never a word said she. Laura Wilhite Without Walter she is lost Edmund Maxwell He has to be sighted Missouri. Edward Shadowen Marjorie Glotfelty a friend to all. CLIO; CLASS VICE PRESIDENT, ' 27; Y. V. C. A. CABINET. Jeanette Sprinkel This brown-eyed lassie is our nightingale. glee club. Gilbert Ragsdale Whitey — yes he was. Elmo McCl Did I see him blush? PHILO; NATURE CLUB. Circe Magill Quiet and ever retiring. ■MESSIAH. MC KENDREE S ' o]pltomin C5 Harry Pate Now, I ask you. Ladies and Gentlemen. PLATO; PI KAPP. ' V DELTA, DEBATE. ' 2-, ' zs, ORATOR, Grace Renner Lavina Zook Prexy s right hand man. Bovyard Clayton Tall and stalwart is he. ElTEL ScHROEDER Oh, go shave. Irene Smith Our Schumann-Heink. CLIO. GLEE CLUB, BOHEMIAN GIRL; QUARTETTE, Elizabeth M a smile for everyone. Albert Hagler A most pious man, indeed. PHILO, OXFORD GLUB; Y. M. C. A. Harold Yerkes A princely looking fellow PHILO. Pauline Brooks Same way with me. CLIO; NATURE CLUB. iip ho mures John Montgomery Always interested in East St. Louis. WiLMA Schmidt She breezes from Breese. LORENE FULLERTON Slow, but ever dependable. CLIO; DEBATE. ' iS. Charles Hall A gay old soul. PHILO; GLEE CLUB; MATH CLUB. John Brian He comes from Sumner. PHILO; ALPHA MU OMEGA. Harriet Mulford Another quiet lass. MESSIAH. Lela Aulvin A conscientious worker and ever of good cheer. CLIO; MATH CLUB. Herbert Engelhardt Patrick, you old Irisher. ALPHA MU OMEGA; PLATO; FOOTBALL. -27; M ' Earl Davis Husky ' s all right. PLATO; GLEE CLUB, AS YOU LIKE IT. ' Bernice Parrish McKENDREAN STAFF, ' 28; CLIO; SECRETARY-TREAS- URER NATURE CLUB; MECHANICAL DRAWING AS- SISTANT; BIOLOGY ASSISTANT. up 111! mores Idris Cornwell And everywhere that Mary went Mildred Peak A true pal. CLIO; GLEE CLUB, BOHEMIAN GIRL; PIANIST. LORIN DOUTHIT Oh, that hne. PHILO; DEBATE, Dorothy Jackson Gone, but not torgotten. CLIO. Thelma Brandon Little women can do much, GLEE CLUB; CLIO, DEBATE, ' Lucius Tunnell Such a pressing mar PLATO; MATH CLUB. George Awalt Run, Await, Run! TRACK, -27. ' iS; M CLUB; NATURE CLUB. Verna Jarvis We all like Vern. CLIO; ORCHESTRA, Arthur Hoppe Elizabeth Melson What could we have done without her? CLIO; MATH CLUB; Y. W. C. A. CABINET. •§ iiphamorc5 Kendall Bop A man of chemistry, indeed. Zella M ALANDRONE It was always Hardy with her. Allene Beardsley Gentlemen prefer blondes CLIO. Saegesser Granite City, art calling me? GLEE CLUB; PLATO: L TH CLUB. Merle Lang They call me Red-Head, Red-Head. MATH CLUB; BOHEMIAN LUELLA ReINCKE Always willing to do a good turn. NATURE CLUB. Fred Merr ' v Girls, he ' s took. OXFORD CLUB; Y. M. C. A,; PHILO. Nina Mae Harmon A chip off the old block. CLIO; AS YOU LIKE IT. Louise Hal All hail. Hale. CLIO; DEBATE, ;APPA DELTA. William Gillespie A true Egyptian — Cairo. PLATO; McKENDREE REVIEW, ' jg. Forty-Two Joyce Davidson Preach — but he couldn ' t. PLATO, GLEE CLUB; BOHEML N GIRL. ' Evelyn Dunn He was so irresistible CLIO. Dan Hertensteii Mathematician plus. MATH CLUB; PLATO Pauline Thurmond Caesar, Cicero, Virgil, Livy. Leone Chappel Well— I kinda think so. ' CLIO. Marion Browj Buster Brown. CLIO. Bertram Smith He ' ll tell you the score. Irma Oglesby The most studious ot us all. CLIO. Martha Rogers Can she cook? CLIO; GLEE CLUB. Ray Hamilton Short and sure he wa BASEBALL, ' S. MC KENDREE Klfe .. - .. 1828 1928 Forty-Three g s JFrcslimcn Allen, Clark Lee — I, II, West Frankfort, III. AsBURY, Velma Valera -I, II, OTallon, III. Baggott, George Irvin — I, II, Zeigler, 111. Barnes, Charles Marvin — I, II, Granite City, 111. Bartelsmeyer, Ralph Raymond — I, II, Hoyleton, III. Beard, James Garfield — I, Altamont, 111. Beardsley, Whit.more Everett — I, II, St. Louis, Mo. Beckwith, Paul— II, East St. Louis, 111. Bennett, Herbert Russell -I, II, Olney, 111. Bergdolt, Margaret — I, II, Trenton, 111. Beutelman, Elvira Anna — I, II, Lebanon, III. Bingaman, Floyd Frederick — I, II, Brownstown, 111. Brissenden, Robert Edgar I, II, Clay City, 111. Broeg, George Frederick -I, Flora, 111. Brown, Ralph Bert -I, O ' Fallon, 111. Bryan, Ouida Brewies — I, II, Johnson City, 111. Camp, Charles Franklin -I, II, Brighton, 111. Cariss, Marie Florence - I, II, Granite City, 111. Carmichael, Nell Cathern -I, II, East St. Louis, III. Church, Harmon Beare — I, II, Renault, 111. Clayton, Josephine Christine — I, II, Vienna, 111. Cothern, Genevieve Mae — I, II, Ramsey, III. Craig, Scott — II, East St. Louis, 111. Cralley, Jesse Albert — I, II, Mt. Olive, 111. Creed, Mildred Mary — I, II, OF ' allon, 111. Crisman, Ernest Calvin — I, II, Columbia, N. J. Culver, Paul Milberne- I, II, Palestine, 111. 111. Curry, Edward McCoy -I, II, Palestine, III. Dartt, Flora Agnes — I, II, Enfield, III. Davidson, Lois Mary — I, II, Salem, 111. Dey, Elisabeth Kathryn — I, II, Bunker Hill, 111. Dorris, Wilson Carl — I, II, Breeze, 111. Dressler, Myrtle Anna — I, II, Lebanon, 111. Duggan, Ruth Miller — I, II, St. Louis, Mo. Eaton, Mary Elizabeth —I, II, Edwardsville, 111 Fiegenbaum, Bruce Otto — I, II, Edwardsville, Fink, Jordan Edwin — I, II, Carlyle, 111. Gard, John Lavern — I, Chester, 111. Gewe, Gladys Cornelia — I, II, Nashville, 111. Gilbert, Lester Henry — I, II, Nashville, 111. Globig, Sybella Marie— I, II, Beckemeyer, 111. Golden, Owen Newland — I, Flora, 111. Grant, Henry Clay — I. II, Mt. Vernon, 111. Green, Vera Elizabeth —I, II, Nashville, 111. Hamilton, Ruth Evelyn -I, II, Brownstown, 111. Harpstrite, Elvera Kathryn -I, II, New Baden, 111. Harris, Frances Elizabeth —I, II, Ashley, 111. Harris, Joseph Camovitch —I, II, Ashley, 111. Head, Lewis Nathaniel — I, II, Eldorado, 111. Hedges, Thelma Pearl— I, II, Flat Rock, 111. HiNES, Gail William- I, II, Alma, 111. Hines, George Bernard I, II, Newton, 111. Hortin, James F.— I, II, Albion, 111. Hosler, Melville -I, St. Louis, Mo. Howell, Nina Linden — I, II, McLeanshoro, 111. HuBBELL, Chlorus Francis — I, II, Flora, 111. IsLEY, Leonard Carlyle — I, II, Newton, 111. Jackson, William Lee — I, Allendale, 111. Jones, Clarence Robert — I, East St. Louis, 111. Karr, Dwight Melvin— I, II, Geff. 111. Klein, Walter Peter — II, Granite City, 111. Koch, George— I, II, Belleville, 111. Kolb, Mildred Alice — I, II, East St. Louis, 111. Kratzer, Lela Kathryn — I, II, Jamestown, Mo. Kruger, Earl Eugene — I, II, Summerfield, 111. Kruger, Lorena Margerite — I, II, Belleville, 111. LowRY, Delton H. — I, II, Reyham, N. C. Martin, Alice Lillian — I, II, Freeburg, 111. Maynard, Paul Sylvan — I, II, Herrin, 111. Maynor, Lois Vera — I, II, Golconda, 111. McCollum, Marjorie — I, II, Louisville, 111. Meinen, Edna Margaret — I, II, Lebanon, 111. Middleton, Louis William — I, II, Salem, 111. MoRELOCK, Marion Leontine — I, II, Mascoutah, MowE, Orena Zillah — I, II, Lebanon, 111. MuNDY, Van Allen — I, II, Elbert, Colo. Naumer, Bernetta Elizabeth — I, II, Lebanon, 111 Nichols, Jesse Robert — I, II, Lebanon, 111. Philbrook, Leman Kenneth — I, II, St. Elmo, 111. Phillips, Irene Thema — I, II, Trenton, 111. Rawlinson, Howard Edmonds — I, II, Crossville, Reese, Myron — I, II, Jonesboro, 111. Phillips, William Maurice — I, II, Mt. Vernon, 1 Reichert, Russell — I, II, Grand Cham, Riley, Opal Edith— I, II, Centralia, 111. Ritchey, Ralph C— I, II, Eldorado, 111. Ruth, Ella — II, Summerfield, 111. Sanders, Orland Miller — II, Ashley, 11 ' . Sanders, Vernon Joyce — I, II, Crossville, 111. Schubert, Ben — I, Mascoutah, 111. SiGGiNS, Oscar P. — II, Chebmanse, 111. Smith, Milton Phillips — I, II, Altamont, 111. Spangler, Frank — I, II, Woodlawn, 111. Spencer, Herbert Milberne — I, II, Christopher, 111. Stanford, Virginia Marjorie — I, II, Louisville, 111. Steinkamp, Wilmer — II, Mascoutah, 111. Steinkoenig, Louise Jane — I, II, Highland, 111. Stout, Harold A. — I, II, Mascoutah, 111. Tatalovich, Eli — I, II, Buckner, 111. Taylor, Howard Samuel — I, II, O ' Fallon, 111. Tedor, Stephen Lewis — I, II, Zeigler, 111. Tedrick, Lowell Dale — I, II, Vandalia, 111. Thilman, Erna Margaret — I, II, Casey viUe, 111. Thomas, Bessie Lee — I, II, Lebanon, 111. Walker, Williard Carroll — I, Cobden, III. Weaver, James Carroll — I, East St. Louis, 111. Well, Clarence Emerson — I, II, Brighton, 111. Whitlock, Vera Elizabeth — I, II, East St. Louis, II Williams, Zoa Rowena — I, II, Olney, 111. Yargar, Laura Cathern — I, II, Stoy, 111. Zachais, Dorothy Marion— I, II, Nashville, 111. = s Fine Arts Lucille Hadfield, Margaret Shafer, Edith Plato, Mildred Peak, and Constance Glenn, having completed the two-year course in Public School Music have received certificates from the School of Music. The School of Music offers a four-year course of study leading to the degree of Bachelor of Music. Certificates are also granted in piano, organ, voice, violin, and public school music. Margaret Robinson, Grace Renner, and Lorena Kruger, having completed the course in Expression, have received certificates from the School of Expression. The School of Expression offers varied courses in public speaking, interpretation of literature, and staging of plays. FACULTY Grant McDonald ................. Piano Pauline Harper ............... Public School Music Ada Carroll ....... ........ Voice Olive Patmore ................. Expression Oliver Wahl ................. Violm Student Association Organized 1921 OFFICERS First Semester Second Semester Eugene Smith President Clarence Brennan Edna Kinsey Vice-President Joseph Guandolo Kenneth Rippel ...... Secretary-Treasurer ...... Verdie Correll James Stuart Associate in Athletics James Stuart Lewis Head Cheer Leader Lewis Head Charles Nichols Song Leader Paul Hortin Lucille Hadfield Pianist Mildred Peak EiTEL ScHROEDER Custodian of Bear Eitel Schroeder The Student Association is composed of the regularly enrolled students. This representative student-body ' s purpose is to centralize student activities as well as to stimulate McKendree pep . The year ' s program consists of: Student Chapel each Friday. Home-Coming Program. Disposition of Student Business. Annual Interscholastic Program. fMC KENDREE : . .... The Press Club Orgamzed i(j2i Publishers of the McKendree Review Editor-in-Chief Managing Editor Business Manager Advertising Manager Circulation Manager Assistant CircuLnvm Sports Editor Societv Editor . Feature Writer Exchange Editor Reporter Reporter . Edna Kinsey John Oster Emery Martin William Gillespie James Stuart . James Hortin Stephen Tedor Geneva Grieve . Lucille Hadfield Clifton Oxendine Nina Mae Harmon . Frank Brown Staff of the McKendrean Editor-mChief Business Manager Assistant Editor . Athletic Editor Stephen A. Kolesa Thomas Perkins Erwin Hake John Oster ASSOCIATE EDITORS Kendall Born Dorothy Ikemire Stephen Tedor Julia Wilson LoRiN Mitchell Constance Glenn Bernice Parrish OuiDA Bryan Belle Pfennighausen Lucille Hadfield Anthony Sigillito MC KENDREE s: :. :... iilBigililB Clionian Literary Society Founded 1869 Charter Granted by State of Illinois, 1881 Lela Aulvin Allene Beardsley Audrey Bower Thelma Brandon Marion Brown Pauline Brooks OuiDA Bryan Alma Buess Leone Chappel Christine Clayton Kathryn Dey Evelyn Dunn Mary Eaton Lorene Fullerton MEMBERS Marjorie Glotfelty Mae Goddard Constance Glenn Geneva Grieve Vera Green Gladys Gewe Ruth Henry Nina Howell Mary Hughes Louise Hale Nina Mae Harmon Lucille Hadfield Thelma Hedges Dorothy Ikemire Vivian Young Verna Jarvis Dorothy Jackson Marion Kirkbride Edna Kinsey Merle Lang Elizabeth Mayes Zella Malandrone Lois Maynor Elizabeth Melson Orene Mowe Irma Ogelsby Bernice Parrish Mildred Peak Edith Plato Belle Pfennighausen Opal Riley Grace Renner Margaret Robinson Martha Rogers Margaret Shafer Lela Sites Vera Smith Irene Smith Virginia Stanford Margaret Teague Julia Wilson Lavina Zook Laura Yarger The Platonian Literary Society Founded 1849 Vid Sdpientiae ' Clark Lee Allen Jordan Fink Leonard Isley Ralph Ritchey Whitmore Beardsley William Gillespie Charles Jack Sam Saegesser Kendall Born Philip Glotfelty Stephen Kolesa Eitel Schroeder Robert Brissenden Clifton Gould Sam Kotelly Edward Shadowen Frank C. Brown Paul Gould Paul Maynard Eugene Smith Harmon Church Joseph Guandolo Louis Middleton Lucius Tunnel Bovard Clayton Marvin Grupe LoRiN Mitchell Erle Todd Harold Culver Vernal Hardy Clifton Oxendine Oliver Wahl Paul Culver Lewis Head Harry Pate LoY Wattles McCoy Curry Erwin Hake Thomas Perkins Walter Whitlock Joyce Davidson Dan Hertenstein Myron Reese Dale Wilson Earl Davis Paul Hortin Kenneth Rippel Robert Young Herbert Englehardt Earl Hussong r=-3 L ' i (=3=- ? s : s: 331828 92 |. fe 1 : cs: s Pi Kappa Delta National Honorary Foren?i; I inoi5 Theta Chapter Established 1924 Membership — Intercollegiate Orators and Debaters OFFICERS President , ■ • • Eugene Smith Vice-President ... ... Harry Pate Secretary-Treasurer • .Joseph Guandolo Corresponding-Secretary Edna Kinsey MEMBERS Dr. Cameron Harmon HONORARY Dean E. P. Baker Olive E. Patmore J- W. A. Kinison INSTRUCTION W. C. Kettlekamp Clarence Brennan ACTIVE Louise Hale Edna Kinsey Charles Nichols Constance Glenn Joseph Guandolo Belle Pfennighausen Mary Richards Harry Pate Eugene Smith Fifty-Two : : : s:£ Philosoph Lan Literary Society Founded, 1837 George Baggott Glenn Haskin John Montgomery Lee Baker Gail Hines Irvin Nelson Herbert Bennett Arthur Hoppe Charles Nichols Clarence Brenna N James Hortin John Oster John Brian William Kratzer Robert Peach El:a Cralley Delbert Lacquement Howard Rawlinson Jesse Cralley Delton Lowry Anthony Sigillito Ernest Crisman Emery Martin Harold Slaten John Dolley Elmo McClay Frank Spangler LoREN Douthit Leonard Metcalf Stephen Tedor Albert Hagler Fred Mery Harold Yerkes Charles Hall Earl Miller Vernon Sanders FiftyTh Alpha Mu Omega Organized 1924 President . . .............. Clifton Gould Vice-President . . Ronald Mowe Secretary-Treasurer . ■ Charles Jack MEMBERS George Baggott Chlrous Hubbell Edward Shadowen John Brian Leonard Isley Elliot Solero Idris Cornwell Charles Jack Eli Tatalovich Herbert Englehardt Louis Middleton Stephen Tedor Ray Goode Ronald Mowe Erle Todd Clifton Gould Charles Nichols Joseph Williams George Hines F,fty-FouT Bachelors President . Secretary-Treasurer . Glenn A. Haskin Clarence R. Brennan FACULTY ADVISOR Prof. S. M. McClure Clarence R. Brennan, ' 28 El2a M. Cr alley, ' 28 Glenn A. Haskin, ' 28 William B. Kratzer, 28 Emery H. Martin, ' 28 LoRiN Mitchell, 28 Irvin R. Nelson, ' 28 MEMBERS James Stuart, ' 28 Stephen A. Kolesa, ' 29 John W. Oster, ' 29 Harold Culver, ' 29 Thomas J. Perkins, ' 29 LoY E. Wattles, ' 29 Kendall E. Born, ' - o BovARD W. Clayton, ' 30 John Dolley, jo Erwin Hake, ' 30 Henry C. Grant, ' ji James F. Hortin, 31 Robert E. Brissenden, 31 J. W. Dunn, ' 25 Sigma Zeta OFFICERS Master Scientist Elza Cralley Vice-Master Scientist Vernal Hardy Recorder Treasurer S. M. McClure MEMBERS Elza Cralley J. W. Dunn Vernal Hardy S. M. McClure Mary Richards C. J. Stowell The Society of Sigma Zeta was founded at Shurtleff College in 192 ' ; and the Beta Chapter was established at McKendree in the following year. This organization has for its object the promotion of scholarship among students of the sciences and mathe- matics and restricts its membership to those having completed two years of these subjects with superior ratings. Since its organization, the society has enjoyed a steady expansion annually and now has chapters located in a number of the stronger small colleges of the Middle West. Alpha Psi Omega OFFICERS President . Paul Hortin Business Manager ... . Kenneth Rippel Secretary ...... Grace Renner Miss Patmore MEMBERS FACULTY Dr Cameron Harmon Olive E. Patmore Pauline Harper Evelyn McNeely STUDENTS Ada Carroll Margaret Robinson GoLDA Taylor Margaret Teague Vivian Young Alma Buess Grace Renner Dorothy Harmon Kenneth Rippel Paul Hortin Earl Hussong Fred Jessop The Alpha Theta Cast of Alpha Psi Omega was granted to McKendree College in 1927 by the Grand Cast. Alpha Psi Omega is a national honorary dramatics ' fraternity. The Alpha Theta Cast was installed with sixteen charter members, which for a college of this size, was an unusually large number of persons to be qualified to meet the requirements of the national organization. However, the large number of charter members is explained by the fact that McKendree has for some time had a strong department of dramatics and expression. F.ftySa. jMC KENDREE s a.,,,; ,- Treble Clef Club Orgai .zed IQ24 OFFICERS Vice-President Marion Kirkbride Pianist Lucille Hadfield VOICES First Sopranos Second Sopranos First Altos Second Altos Marie Cariss Margaret Shafer Mary Eaton Lavina Zook Thelma Brandon Mary Hughes Edith Plato Irene Smith Vera Whitlock Edna Meinen Constance Glenn Elizabeth Mayes Opal Riley Belle Pfennighausen Orena Mowe Elvira Beutelman Margaret Teague Lucille Hadfield Erna Thilman Martha Rogers Dorothy Ikemire Audrey Bower Ruth Hamilton Mildred Peak Jeanette Sprinkle Margaret Shafer Orena Mowe QUARTETTE Lavina Zook Lucille Hadfield Men ' s Glee Club Organized 1924 OFFICERS Secretary-Treasurer Director Miss Ada Carroll VOICES First Tenors Second Tenors First Bass Second Bass Ben Underwood Paul Hortin Herbert Bennett Harold Culver Anthony Sigillito Van Mundy Earl Hussong Sam Saegesser Harold Yerkes Clarence Brennan Earl Kroeger Sam Kotelley Charles Nichols William Kratzer Robert Peach Jess Nichols EiTEL Schroeder Earl Davis Herbert Spencer QUARTETTE Ben Underwood Jess Nichols Paul Hortin Harold Culver McKendree College Orchestra Director — Oliver Wahl INSTRUMENTS Violins Saxophones Piano Clarinets DWIGHT KarR Clark Lee Allen Ruth Hamilton Paul Gould Ralph Ritchey Paul Culver Zella Malandrone Mary Eaton Milton Smith Laura Yarger Sam Saegesser Drums Bass Elvira Beutelman Mrs. McDonald Dale Wilson Cello- George Koch -Harold Yerkes Grace Renner With the major part of its personnel retained from last year and with the addition of several experienced musicians from the present student body, the McKendree Orchestra has this year enjoyed greater popularity than ever. Many new numbers have been added to the repertoire this season. These together with the favorites of previous years proved by their enthusiastic reception to be a vital part of chapel programs, recitals, concerts, and social affairs. Sixty - McKendree College Band Dnector — Oliver C. Wahl Saxophones Clark Lee Allen Milton Smith DwiGHT Karr Wilson Dorris Paul Culver Willard Walker INSTRUMENTS Clarinets Paul Gould Mary Eaton Laura Yarger Elvira Beutelman Grace Renner Trombone Ralph Ritchey Walter Whitlock Cornets Leman Philbrook George Baggott McCoy Curry Drums Dale Wilson Harold Yerkes Our remarkable success in all athletic events of the year may be partly attributed to the McKendree Band. Enthusiasm ran high when the band played at football and basketball game , pep meetings, parades and similar affairs throughout the year. The band this year consisted of nineteen members. This is the largest number that has ever represented McKendree College. Attired in their new uniforms on Homecoming Day, they thrilled the returning McKendreans by the old school airs which were played during the parade and at the football game. Y. W. C. A. FACULTY ADVISORS Miss Alleen Wilson Miss Olive Patmore CABINET MEMBERS Julia Wilson Elizabeth Melson . Edna Kinsey Lavina Zook Marjorie Glotfelty . Mary Hughes Eliiabeth Mayes Lucille Hadfield This Christian organization, old in years and possessed with traditions noble and uplifting, holds a dignified position among the clubs on the College Hill. Each Wednesday evening the women meet for a devotional hour, in which they discuss different campus problems, and try to find practical solutions to them. Capable leaders speak on various, interesting topics, explaining how one may improve her spiritual and intellectual life. These meetings are much enjoyed by all of the members because of the social aspect and also because of the inspiration derived from the thoughts presented. Our Y. W. C. A. strives constantly to sow seeds that will make a rich and beautiful harvest. President . Vice-President Secretary-Treasurer Social Chairman Program Chairman Finance Chairman. Chaplain . Pianist . Y. M. C. A. FACULTY ADVISORS DR. Walton, Professors Kinison and Vick President ... .......... . . Irvin R. Nelson Vice-President ............... John Montgomery Secretary ................ Dan Hertenstein Treasurer .............. Harold K. Yerkes With but a few in number, this organization has weathered the storms of opposition and has a staunch and firm foundation. The meetings are held each Wednesday evening at seven o ' clock. The latch-string is always on the outside and all men are extended a sincere welcome. During this hour the serious features of campus activities are studied, and methods of improving one ' s spiritual experience are discussed. Once a month the Y. W.and Y. M. combine to have a joint session. These evenings prove interesting because of the devotional and musical programs. Things come and go but the Y. M. will remain to uphold Christian ideals and Christian living. The Oxford Club Founded by Dr. W. N. Sterns 1920 Reorganized by Professor J. W. A. Kinison 1926 Second Semester . Fred C. Mery John Montgomery Harold Slaten ACTIVITIES Meet wee}{ly for class m Homeletics Special mspiratwiial addresses b professionals in Christian wor}{ Create close fellowship between ministerial students Social recreation OFFICERS First Semester Delbert Lacquement ..... President . F. C. Brown ...... Vice-President . F. C, Mery ...... .Secretary-Treasurer . MEMBERS Dr. Cameron Harmon Dr. W. C. Walton Leonard Metcalf Frank C. Brown Clarence Brennan Delbert Lacquement Phillip Glotfelty LossiE E. Morris Harold Slaten Lewis Head Prof. J. W. A. Kinison Prof. J L. Harrell Dale Hagler Gail Hines Arthur Hoppe Bert Smith Herbert Bennett Fred. C. Mery John Montgomery Ernest Crismann Cl Lee Allen The Nature Club Organized 1926 Founder — Dr. E. R. Spencer Sponsoring of Hature Study Bird Study ACTIVITIES Stellar Observation Beautification of College Campus President . Secretary-Treasurer Elza Cralley Bernice Parrish George Awalt Velma Asbury Pauline Brooks Herbert Bennett Alma Buess Elvira Beutelmann Verdie Correll Jesse Cralley Elza Cralley Ernest Crismann Leone Chappel Evelyn Dunn John Dolley Flora Dart Myrtle Dressler Bruce Fiegenbaum MEMBERS Marjorie Glotfelty Philip Glotfelty Owen Golden Sybil Globig Lavern Gard Mae Goddard Paul Gould Elizabeth Harris Gail Hines Chlorus Hubbel Lewis Head Arthur Hoppe Earl Hussong Louise Hale Louis Middleton Nell Marberry John Montgomery Orena Mowe Marjorie McCullum Elmo McClay Bernice Parrish Mae Ragland Fay Ragland Ralph Ritchey Luella Reincke Grace Renner Virginia Stanford Harold Slaten Vernon Sanders Bert Smith Margaret Teague Luella Mueller ftMC KENDREE :; ,.. .... Mathematics Club Orgamzed 1926 Founded by Dr. C. J. Stowell Verdie Corell . President ..... . Charles Jack Charles Jack . Vice-President .... Elizabeth Melson Lela Sites . Secretary-Treasurer .... Vera Smith REGULAR MEMBERS LoRiN Mitchell Clifton Gould Elizabeth Melson Walter Whitlock James Stuart Charles Jack Lela Aulvin Charles Hall Vernal Hardy Emery Martin Lucius Tunnel Dan Hertenstein Verdie Correll Samuel Saegesser Vera Smith Herbert Englehardt Eugene Smith William Gillespie John Dolley Lela Sites Lee Baker Glenn Stout Zella Malandrone J, W. Dunn ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Harold Stout Jesse Nichols John Hall Howard Rawlinson George Koch Elvera Harpstrite Maurice Phillips Van Mundy Thelma Hedges Russel Reichert George Baggott Leontine Morlock James Hortin Floyd Bingamon Bernice Parrish Lucille Hadfield Dorothy Zacheis Margaret Bergdolt Lois Davidson Mary Eaton Marion Brown Forensics FORENSIC LEADERS Dean E. P. Baker . . .............. Manager Professor W. C. Kettlekamp ............ Men ' s Debate Coach Dr. E. R. Spencer .............. Women ' s Debate Coach ORATORS Representative to the Illinois St.ite Oratorical Association Harry L. Pate Representative to the Pi Kappa Delta Convention Charles Nichols Representatives to Southern Illinois and Southeast Missouri Oratorical Association Charles Nichols OuiDA Bryan EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING Representatives to the Southern Illinois and Southeast Missouri Oratorical Association Dale Wilson OuiDA Bryan AFFIRMATIVE Eugene Smith, Captain Harry L. Pate Dale E. Wilson Arthur Hoppe, Alternate Men s Debate W. C. Kettlekamp, Coach AFFIRMATIVE DEBATES NEGATIVE DEBATES St. Louis Law School at St. Louis, Mo. . noyvdeaswn Shurtleff College at Alton, 111 lost Greenville College at Lebanon, 111. lost William Jewell College at Liberty, Mo. non-decision Eureka College at Eureka, 111. . . nondecision Pittsburg Teachers College, Pittsburg, Kan. non-decision Lombard College at Galesburg, 111 . . . non-decision Drury College at Springfield, Mo. .... won Iowa Wesleyan University at Mt. Pleasant la. . won Illinois College at Lebanon, 111. .... won Parson ' s College at Parsons, la. ... . lost Southeast Missouri Teachers, Cape Girardeau, Mo. won Missouri Wesleyan at Lebanon, 111. . . . lost Hastings College at Lebanon, 111 won Lincoln College at Lebanon, 111. . . won PI KAPPA DELTA CONVENTION AT TIFFIN, OHIO Two Man Team — Joseph Guandolo and Eugene Smith Hastings College (afF.) vs. McKendree (neg.) ............. won University of Dubuque, la. (aff.) vs McKendree (neg.) ........... lost South Dakota Wesleyan (neg.) vs McKendree (afF.) won Gustavus Adolphus, Minn, (aff.) vs McKendree (neg.) Jos Jamestown, N. Dak. College (neg.) vs McKendree (aff.l ........... won NEGATIVE Joseph Guandolo, Captain Earl Hussong Charles Nichols Loren Douthit, Alternate Sixtv-Eight riMC KENDREE fe fes ,.,,. .,- ill AFFIRMATIVE Louise Hale, CapUin lorene fullerton Audrey Bower Women ' s Debate Dr. E. R. Spencer, Coach AFFIRMATIVE DEBATES Southeast Missouri Teachers at Cape Girardeau, Missouri Drury College at Lebanon, Illinois . . . . . lost non-decision A ua}{er friend informed me I was not content with being in the right when discussing any point, but had to be overbearing and insolent about it — of which he convinced me b i mentioning several instances. Endeavoring to cure myself of this fault, which I now realize had lost me ynany an argument, I made the following rule: to forbear all direct contradictions of the sentiments of others and all over-positive assertions of yny own. Thereafter, when another asserted something I thought an error, I denied myself the pleasure of contradicting him abruptly, and shotting nnmediate y some absurdity in his proposition. Instead, I began b i observing that in certain cases or circumstances his opinion would be right, but m the present case there appeared or seemed to me some differences, etc. I soon found the advantage of this change in my manner. The conversations I engaged m went on more pleasantly. The modeit way in which I proposed my opinions procured them a readier reception and less contradiction. 1 had less mortification when I found to be in the wrong, and I more easily prevailed upon others to give up their mista es and join with me when I happened to be right. To my new tactics I thin it principally owing that I had early such weight with my fellow citizens when I proposed new institutions, or alterations m the old. and so much influence in public councils when I became a member. For I was a bad speaker, never eloquent, subject to much hesitation and my choice of words hardly correct in anguage-and yet I carried yny points — From How To Win An Argument, by Benjamin Franklin. NEGATIVE Belle Pfennighausen, Captain Constance Glenn ThELMA BR. NDON The M Club MEMBERS FOOTBALL Dr. Cameron Harmon, Erie Todd, Stephen Kolesa, Delbert Lacquement, Edward Shadowen, Val Baggott, Chlorus Hubble, Herbert Englehardt, Ray Goode, Irvin Nelson, Joe Guandolo, Charles Jack, Idris Cornwell, Bruce Fiegenbaum, Glenn Haslcin, Leonard Isley, J|ohn Hall, Clifton Gould, Emery Martin, Bovard Clayton, George Koch, Eli Tatalovich, George Hines, Glenn Martin, Joe Williams, George Broeg. BASKETBALL Clifton Gould, Harold Culver, Charles Jack, Emery Martin, Edward Shadowen, Chlorus Hubble. TRACK Clifton Gould, Ray Goode, Stephen Kolesa, Thomas Perkins, George Await, Glenn Haskin, Ronald Mowe, Loy Wattles, Val Baggott. Emerv M.irtin, Idris Cornwell, Harold Culver. BASEBALL Charles Jack, John Hall, Stephen Kolesa, Emery Martin, Joe Guandolo, John Oster, Idris Cornwell, Ray Goode, Bovard Clayton, Charles Nichols. TENNIS Ron lid Mowe, Vernal Hardy. Glenn F. Filley — Director of Athletics Coach Filley has in the three years he has been at McKendree estabhshed a reputation as Athletic Director equal to the great reputation he made while an athlete at Missouri Wesyelan. Successful as Coach has been in turning out good teams he has even stronger claims to the respect of McKendreans than that gained as a result of his accomplishments He is a man four-square, honored and respected by all who know him. Seventy Mc Ken dree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree Football Scores CONFERENCE GAMES . 4 Millikm . iQ Lincoln . . 1 8 Macomb . o Shurtleff 7 Carthage . o Carbon dale NON-CONFERENCE GAMES 7 Scott Field I T, Cape Girardea o Scott Field I--, EvansviUe Total ........ 8i Total FOOTBALL SCHEDULE 1028 Sept. 21 Springfield Teachers . at Springfield, Mo. Oct. 27 Lincoln College . at Lincoln, 111. 29 St. Louis University .at St. Louis, Mo. Nov. 1, Shurtleff College at Lebanon, 11!. Oct. 5 Evansville College . at Evansville, 111. 17 Carbondale Teachers . at Lebanon, 111. I T, Rolla School of Mines . .at Rolla, Mo. 4 Bradlev Tech. at Peroia, 111. 19 Kirksville Osteopaths . at Kirksville, Mo. John Hall — Assistant Coach Skipper Hall proved to be an invaluable aid to Coach in turn- ing out the strong Centenarian teams. Though of much assistance in football. ' Skipper proved most valuable in basketball and base- ball. The basketball reserves under his tutelage defeated some of the best independent teams in Southern Illinois, while the baseball team «-as one of the best that ever represented the College. Erle Todd Captain Rochester. Pennsylvania Todd completed four years of varsity com- petition this year. Ability to rifle long passes, his shrewd signal calling, and his high-class punt returning gave him the position of quar- terback on Brick Young ' s second All-State Team. Edward Sh.adowen Captain Elect Chustopher, Ill.no.s The smallest man on the squad, weighing but one-fifty, Eddie was one of our best ground gainers. He can pass and snare passes, carry the ball and back up the line superbly. Above all else, this Sophomore scintillant was a great team player. Joseph Guandolo End Conway, Pcnnsyhama A veteran of four campaigns, Joe leaves an enviable record. Almost perfection in the execution of plays, he is the peer of any end in the Conference and any McKendree has ever had. Football Summary An almost air-tight line and a flashing backfield combined to make the Centenarians one of the most successful teams in McKendree s century of existence. Out of ten games played, only two were on the losing side.of the ledger, and there only because of a very small difference in the scores. LI Tatalovich Emery Martin Idris Cornwell Fullback Center Halfback Chnstopher, IJImo.s Sumner. Illmou Hewton, llhnois Elfs ability as a line plunger is unques- tioned. A fair punter at the opening of the season, he was a good one at the end. On the defense he worked havoc with the plays of the opposition. He is a Freshman. Waiting until his last year in school to go out for the team, Mick showed such stuff that he became regular center in midseason. He passed accurately and opened big holes for his backiield. When it comes to smashing the line, run- ning or punting, Dudes is one who knows how it is done. The punting of this stellar Newton lad gained ground and saved games. Cornwell has two more years in which to glitter. Opening the season on September 24th on Scott Field ' s gridiron, the Centenarians copped a 7 — o verdict. Captain Todd and Cornwell starred for McKendree. The Purple line showed great promise, even though it did lack real co-ordination. This lack ' of team play can be attributed to the number of Freshmen on the squad and lack of practice. Playing at MiUikin on October xst, the Bear Cats received their first set-back of the year. A muddy field slowed the fast ' backfield but aided the heavy line. The Fillymen made four points on safeties while Millikin tallied a touchdown after blocking a punt. Score 7 — 4. George Mines Guard. Tackle Xewtun. lUmou Linemen much better than Hines are scarce. His broad shoulders and his knowl- edge of how to use them caused much com- motion. Hines is another Freshman who has done a great deal for his team. Clifton Gould End Mt. Carmel, Hhnoxs Stopping end runs has been Hurley ' s chief outdoor sport for the past four years. If Mt. Carmel has any more like him, we would like to see them. Goodbye. Hurley, we ll miss you. BovARD Clayton End V,enna. Illinois When Slim extends his six-fcot-four, the boys must pass them high to get them over him. As a defensive end he is a capable understudy to men lik e Guandolo and Gould The Scott Field Aviators came to McKendree on October 7th, determined on victory. A water-covered grid checked the attacks of both elevens. The Aviators threatened to score in the final quarter. Booth, Flyer star, made a sixty yard gain on a pass, but was stopped by Kolesa ' s flying tackle three yards from the last line. Score o — o. Changing from straight football to an aerial attack in the final quarter resulted in a 13,-9 victory over Cape Girardeau Teachers on October 14. Cape led q — o as the last quarter opened. Todd heaved several successful passes to Guandolo m the final canto, two being for forty yards. With .i half minute to go, Todd tossed over the goal line to Guandolo to gain the verdict. Bruce Fiegenbaum Tackle Edwardsvi ' .ie. llimois They called him the EdwardsviUe Flash and he lived up to it. Fiegie was supreme in breaking through the line, stopping run- ners m their tracks, breaking up plays, and making himself a general nuisance to the other team. Glenn Martin Halfback F urfield, illmo.5 A snap ot the ball, a run around the end, and a long gain — that ' s what happened when Abe got the ball. This versatile back was severely injured early in the season, but his lighting spirit was with the Bear Cats all along. Watch Abe Martin next year ' Herbert Englehardt Tackle BciUwm. UUmns In every game Pat proved himself to be an important cog in the Bear Cat machine as a mighty tackier. When Englehardt brought them down they stayed down. Two down and two to go- -that is. years ot ser- vice, Pat. The Homecoming game was won from Lincoln before a large crowd on October 22. Williams and Lacquement starred on the line. Ckirnwell hurdled the Lincoln line and ran sixty-five yards for a touchdown. Shadowen scored after a forty-five yard run and Hines scored after recovering a blocked punt. Prince of Lincoln made two touchdowns in the last quarter. Score 19 — 14. Leonard Islev End iewton, Illinois Runs around Isley ' s end were rather scarce, for the Newton star held his own as a splendid end, both offensively and de- fensively. His brilliant blocking and tackling contributed largely to many a Bear Cat victory. Jack Haskin Quarterback Robii Ilhi Whenever Jack was called to take Todd ' ; place, he showed his stuff. He was a smarl signal barker and could pick out the holes ir the line when toting the ball. Val Baggot Guard Ze.gler. Illinois On the very first day of practice this Burn Zeigler Coal lad was injured. A month later he came back strong, displayed his wares, finally winning his M. Such perseverance has made Val a fine guard. Although three stars were on the bench. Western Normal of Macomb was easily defeated by the Bear Cats on October 29. Emery Martin ' s seventy yard run for a touchdown after recovering a fumble was the feature. Todd, Shadowen, and Tatalovich also starred. Macomb ' s aerial attack was smothered. The final score was 18 — o. On November 6th the Shurtieff Pioneers, our traditional rivals, held us to attack. Williams and Englehardt, tackles, played a great game for McKendree. scoreless tie. Tatalovich led the Purple MC KENDReI s: . , Charles Jack End Opdyke, Illinois As a pass-snatcher, Charley was right there with the goods. Those big paws of his just seemed to drag the ball down, no matter where it was thrown. This is his last year. Stephen Kolesa Halfback EdwdrdmUe. Illinois Steve , a Junior, has been running around ends for the past three years. The fastest man on the team, and he makes good use of his speed. His ability to snare passes won several games for McKendree. A demon on a dry field. Delbert Lacquement Guard Collinsvilk. Illinois The Fighting Parson has been tearing up opponents for four years. A deadly tack- ier and a fast charger, he was always break- ing through the opposition. He is one of the best guards McKendree has ever had. After being held to a scoreless tie for half the game, the Bear Cats broke away from Carthage in the second half to score a touchdown. Playing in a terriiic rainstor m that made the ball slippery and the eyesight almost useless, the Bear Cats, under the capable handling of Captain Todd, and aided by the brilliant running and pass snaring of Kolesa, made a march down the field and scored the only touchdown of the game on a short pass — Todd to Kolesa. S. I. N. U. of Carbondale gave the Centenarians their second set-back of the season on November i8. The Bear Cats played far below their usual game. Baggott and Fiegenbaum starred on the line. George Kock Chlorus Hubble George Broeg Guard Center Guard BcUnMe. Ilmo.s Flora. nUnois Floral, lllmo s After every game Kock was covered with bruises. It all goes to show how hard this Belleville guard fought, giving everything that he had — holding that line, and stopping those plays. And George is only a Fresh- Fuziy ' s oni-hundred and ninety pounds of beef stretched over a six-foot frame made him immovable at the pivot position. In the next three years of his collegiate career he should become an A-i center. Broeg happened to be another guard who did his duty well. Only a Freshman, he won the coveted M. His ability made him use- ful to the Centenarians, and troublesome to the enemy. The Bear Cats brought one of McKendree ' s most successful seasons to a close on Thanksgiving Day with a i j — o vic- tory over Evansville College, of Evansville, Indiana. The backfield functioned at top speed_ while the line was at its best. Shadowen, Cornwell, Kolesa, Lacquement, and Hubbel were in the linielight. Seventy-Eight The Bas etball Season After m.ikmg a bad start, m which six out of the first seven games were lost, the hristUng Bear Cats snapped out of their inferiority complex with a swish that paved the way to a long string ot brilliant victories over some ot the most for midable and highly-touted quintets of the middle west. The first tilt was more of the practice variety, m which the Centenarians easily smothered the Belleville Allan Cigar five by the lop ' sided score of 60 to 21. This fracas helped Coach FiUey to pick some of his future stars. The most discouraging part of the season then visited the raw FiUey material with four straight defeats. The first tumble was dished out by St. Louis University by the score of j ; to i ; — a tilt in which the FiUeymen were outclassed in the clos- ing minutes of play. Two more games were then dropped to the fist Southwest Missouri Teachers College by scores of 44 to 18 and 52 to 44. A few days later the Bear Cats were badly bruised by Evansville College a team that boasts one of the finest quintets of the country — by the score of 46 to 25. Clifton Gould Captain Mt. Carmel, Illmou Possessing speed, knowledge of the game, calm judgment and skill, Hurley played a whale of a game as guard. Hurley made a good record while play- ing on the Mt. Carmel High teams, but in the three years that he has been playing for McKen- dree. he did even better. This is his last season. Harold Culver Captain-elect Palestine, Illinois Harold made good use of his six-foot-two on both offense and defense. A consistent player, he was second only to Jack in points scored, and second to none on defense. Opponents were much worried by this forward ' s ability to take the ball from them. Cul- ver should be one ot the best cage players in the state in 1928- 1929. Chlorus Hubbell Flora, Illmois Only a Freshman, this tall Flora athlete, with his long arms that broke up passes and made baskets so easily, showed what a guard can do when groomed for a forward. Fuzzy did exactly what was expected of him, and, in future years, his ability will help the Bear Cats march to greater glories. He ' s a sharp fang, is Fuzzy. A long string ot seven dazzling victories over great teams then was started by the Filleymen, who were finally brought to perfection by Coach FiUey. The first victim was none other than Carthage College — a tilt m which revenge was taken to the point of 48 to 28. On the following day the Filleymen presented a set-back to the Macomb Teachers, 3,5 to 44. In the two tilts the glittering Jack heaped up thirty points, while another star, Culver, took twenty-six. The next act on the program was a comedy m which Shurtleff took the feeble end of a j-j to 43 defeat, chiefly because of the pranks that Jack played with his twenty-two points and a batch of extra fine guarding. Another gem was added to the string a few days later at the expense of Carthage College, who was humiliated by a 39 to 22 upset. The sweetest, finest, and greatest victory of the season was enjoyed by the Filleymen over Southern Illinois Normal by the score of 24 to 2 ;, a tilt in which the mighty Culver, speedy Martin, and crafty Jack did their stuff. Evansville College was the theme for another splendid victory in a hot, peppery fight. The splendid guarding of Gould and Shadowen kept off the enemy, while the scintillating Jack kept on them with twelve points. This was Evansville ' s third defeat out of nineteen starts. On another road trip the Centenarians slipped a hot one to Lincoln College by nosing them out of a 26 to 27 victory in the last few minutes of play. The following evening marked the close of the season with a very inappropriate defeat by Illi- nois College, 55 to 19. The game with Illinois College pulled down the curtain over the career of the greatest cage star that ever graced a Mc- Kendree team — Charlie Jack. Jack set records that will stand for years — the high spot being the high point man m the Little Nineteen one year, and a runner-up another year. Capt. Gould and Mickey Martin also wore their cage armors for the last time. Their sparkling work will be hard to duplicate in future years. Emery Martin Sumner, Illinois Aggressive to the nth degree, Mickey was an im- portant cog in the Filley machine. Especially adept at long shots, Martin was equally good when shooting in the shadow of the goal. Mickey will b: lost through graduation. This was his third year at McKendree, and the second time he has won the M. Charles Jack Opdyke, lUinois A peep into the score-hook will tell you something of Jack ' s achievements in making points, but it cannot tell you anything about his sparkling defensive playing; nor anything about his fighting spirit, courage, and ver- satility. CharUe ' s name goes into the Hall of Fame as one of the most brilliant and craftiest hasketeers that ever dribbled over a McKendree court. Bas ethall Scores CONFERENCE GAMES McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree McKendree . 26 Carbondale . 38 Wheaton 30 ShurtlefF . 48 Carthage . 44 Macomb 43 ShurtlefF . • 39 Carthage 25 Carbondale 27 Lincoln 19 Illinois NON-CONFERENCE GAMES . 60 Belleville . 2,5 St. Louis U. . . 18 Southwest Mo. Teachers 34 Southwest Mo. Teachers 25 Evansville . 32 Evansville Edward Shadowen Chustopher, Illinois There was never a man on the floor who fought any harder than Eddie, who always said it with action, rather than words. With two more big years to go, this efficient Bear Cat guard has already proved himself to be one of the finest, cleanest, and squarest players that ever donned a purple sweater. Eighty-One MC KENDREE Ray Goode Jaielm, Discus, Shot Val Baggott Middle Distances, Relay Glenn Haskin Distances Trac LoY Wattles Discus Track prospects are better at McKendree than they have been since 1925. The return of Ray Goode gives needed strength m the field events. At this early date Goode is tossing the javelin around the 200 foot mark. Coach Filley is grooming him for the IQ28 Olympics. Other veterans of last year are Kolesa and Await, sprinters; Culver, hurdles; Perkins, Baggott, and Martin, middle distances; Haskins and Hall, distances; Captain Gould, Wattles and Cornwell in the field events. This Ime-up of old campaigners will be bolstered by a number of promising Frosh. The following look best at this time: Middleton, Klein, Isley, Bartlesmeyer, Phillips, Spencer, Tatalovich, Rawlinson and Hubbel. The Relay Team composed of Await, Haskin, Martin and Kolesa has already seen action this year. In the Western A. A. U. Indoor Meet held at the Colesium in St. Louis on March 31, this team broke their former record by seven and one half seconds. Dual meets will be held with Washington University and Ciirbondale Teachers. Triangu- lar meets with Shurtleff and S. I. N. U., and with Shurtleff and Springtield, Mo. Teichers. Clifton Gould — Captain Pole Vault, Broad Jump Ronald Mowe Javelin Emery Martin Middle Distances, Relay Thomas Perkins Middle Distances, Relay All Time Trac Records 50-yard Dash 100-yard Dash. 22oyard Dash 220-yard Low hurdles 120-yard High hurdles 440-yard Dash. 880-yard Run One mile run . Two mile run Shot Put Discus Javelin . Running high jump Running broad jump Pole vault . Half mile Relay 1200-yard Relay . One mile relay S.5 seconds . 10 seconds. 23 seconds . 26.2 seconds 16 seconds . 5J.I seconds 2 minutes i .8 seconds 4 minutes J5 seconds 10 minutes 13 seconds 42 feet 7} inches 126 feet 9 inches 197 feet 7 inches 10 1 4 inches 9 inches 3 inches 5 feet 21 feet 12 feet minute 35.6 seconds 2 minutes 20.5 seconds 3 minutes 32 seconds George Awalt Daslies, Relav . Kolesa 1927 Beedle 191 3 Isom 1025 Whitenberg 191 4 Peterson 1927 Whitenberg 1914 Whitenberg 1914 Darrow 1925 .Perkins 1927 . Rawlings 191 5 Rawlings 191 5 Cullen 1925 Goode 1925 Goode 192 Isom 1925 Beedle 1913 . Gould 1926 Peterson, Kolesa, i92 ' i- Darrow, L.om Await, Haskin, Martin. Kolesa Await, Martin, Baggott, Peterson 1928 1927 Harold Culver High Jump. Hurdles Stephen Kolesa Dashes, Hurdles, Relay Idris Cornwell Hurdles, D scus Emerv Martin Out Field BovARD Clayton Right Field Basehall 1927 The baseball season of 1917 was unique in that not one of the eleven games was played on the home field. Rain made a swimming pool of Hypes Field. The Bear Cats did not have one day of fielding practice during the entire season. Despite this handicap the team won four of the eleven games, and forced such teams as Washington University, Concordia, and Monmouth to the limit to win. Victories were gained over Western Military Academy, Shurtleff, and Eden Seminary. Among the defeats were several close games. Washington U. was held to a 2-1 score, Concordia }-o, the hard-hitting Monmouth aggregation to a 3-1 score, while Shurtleff took a i-4 game in eleven innings. But two decisive defeats were suffered, one at the hands of Concordia, the other at the hands of the St. Louis U. Frosh. Three good right-hand hurlers, Cornwell, Hortin and Kaeser, did the flinging. Nichols and Guandolo cared for the receiving. A fast-fielding, accurate-throwing quartet. Hall, Oster, Captain Brown, and Zook made up the infield. The gardens were patrolled by a quintet of classy fielders. Jack, Kolesa, Martin, G. Magill and Clayton. The 1928 team should make a better record according to pre-season dope. Cornwell, ace of the hurling staff, is back, as are both catchers, Guandolo and Nichols. Oster, second baseman for the past two seasons, is the lone survivor on the infield, while Captain Jack, Kolesa, Clayton, Martin and Goode are back in (be outfield Charles Jack Captain Third Bdse John Oster Second Bii. ' e Charles Nichols ! •J . S I Catcher MC KENDREE f John Hall Baseball Schedule 1928 April 18 Western Military Academy ..... at Alton 19 Washington University . . . . . at St. Louis 21 Eden Seminary ....... at Lebanon 26 Concordia Seminary . . . . . . . . at St. Louis May I St. Louis University ....... at St. Louis 5 Blackburn College ........ at Lebanon 16 Shurtleff College at Lebanon 19 Blackburn College at Carlinville 23 Shurtleif College ........ at Alton 30 Concordia Seminary ........ at Lebanon June 2 Eden Seminary . . . . . . . . at St. Louis % ' 4Z. eMMM Joe Guandolo Idris Cornwell Stephen Kolesa Center F.eld t n Vernal Hardy A veteran of three previous campaigns Hardy was one of the big guns of this year ' s net squad. Built on the lines of Bill Tilden, he moves over the court with the same ease. His driving service and his net -smashing make him a formidable opponent. Tennis The racquet-wielders of 1927 were handicapped because of the continuous spring rains. Only two matches were held, both being with the ancient and formidable McKendree rival, Shurtleff. On April 28, the Pioneers were defeated by a score of 3-2, by virtue of the excellent playing of Hardy and Mowe, who won their respective singles events and combined to cop a doubles match. A week later the Pioneers were defeated at McKendree by the same score. Mowe and Hardy dropped their singles events. They however won the doubles event as did Culver and Perkins. Edward Woo, Chinese player, came through in grand style to cop the deciding singles contest for McKendree. Playing in the Sectional Tournament at McKendree was made difficult because of the strong wind. Mowe and Hardy, singles entries, were eliminated in the second round. As a doubles combination they fared better, going into the finals. The finals were not played and both teams were eligible for the State Meet. Because of heavy rains the State Meet was not held. This year a card of ten contests has been arranged. Shurtleff, Eden, S. I. N. U., Illinois, and Blackburn will each be met twice. Prospects for a successful season look especially bright. Mowe, Hardy, Perkins, Culver, Woo, and Gillespie of last year ' s squad are back. Among the freshmen Klein, Baggott and Nichols look good. An attempt is being made to get the women of the College interested in women ' s intercollegiate tennis. More than a score of women have expressed their intentions of going out for the team. A tournament will probably be held to determine who will represent McKendree in the contests. i 1 Ronald Mowe Pete has been a hard-playing member of the Bear Cat tennis squad for three years. He plays a clean, rollicking game. His back- hand slices, cut service, and low, fast forehand drive have always been his strong offensive strokes. Tennis Schedule April 19 S. I. N. U. . . . . . . . . . . . at Lebanon May 3 Shurtleff ............ at Lebanon 3 Illinois College at Lebanon 7 S. L N. U at Carbondale 11-12 Sectional Tournament. 17 Blackburn , at Lebanon 19 Eden at St. Louis 22 Illinois College ........... at Jacksonville 2 ' v-26 State Tournament 29 Shurtleff at Alton 31 Blackburn. ........... at CarlinviUe McKENDREE CENTENNIAL McKendree lives — one hundred years. Wrinkled age has worn a groove. Plowed b trtals, fakh and tears. Wisdom ' s wa s are never smooth. God thought It good that faith and doubt, Li e wind and calm support the tree, Ay d let the Century full round out. The seasoned strength of McKendree. Those who cradled her at birth, Visioned with a Veteran ' s eye. Time turned many toward the Earth, E ' er the infant ceased to cry. I miss the ills attending age. The Century ' s symptoms, where are they? The feeble step, the sour ' d sage. The wrin led face, the hairs grown gray ' ' Others stayed ' till manhood ' s rim Circled in her cultur ' d scope. Those whose faith though feeble, dir; Died still drea ni?ig half in hope. But pardon me this Westu ard glance. The morning light now Eastward lies. And Old McKendree ' s permanence, Li e a fixed star is in the s}{ies. As we retrace the Century ' s tracl{. And b the lustre of that light, Where are the years that faith made clear? To blend with those Diviner rays. What decade lool{s not askance back. Across the world and up the height Or forward mixed with faith and fear ' ' Lei us pursue nor lose our ways. —Van B. Sullins, ' 08 Eightji-Eight BOOK II Centennial History of McKendree College By W. C. Walton, Ph. D. Preface A n enterprise that involves the records of a century of achieve- ment cannot he carried out in a few days. The events that occur within a year often put a new face on many matters. The sudden death of Mr. Jacob Kolf, who was the original business manager of the Centennial history, has necessitated soyne changes in the plan. The college Executive Committee felt that a Centennial History should he published to satisfy, in some measure the expectation that had been aroused by Mr. Kolf ' s activities, but not having the means available to carry out his plans in full, they dei ' ised a new plan quite dijferent from that which was first intended. Therefore, soyne features had to he omitted. 0?ie was a roster of the students from the earliest records to the present. The fact that preparation of this history was spread over a period of two years, while the writer was at the same time carrying on his regular wor}{, may accouyit for some inaccuracies, duplications and omissions; and the fact that we were depe?ident upon the mails for the securing of some needed facts, made it ofteyi difficult, ayid sometimes impossible, to get them, hi these days some people are too husy to aiiswer letters at all. However, we are very grateful to the mayiy who have helped us. They are too many to merition b)i nayne here. We have tried to he accurate m the statement of facts and dates, hut it is too ynuch to expect that we have succeeded entirel i. Where we could get the data, a brief shetch of every aluynnus appears up to the last twenty years. After that a roster of the yiames and addresses. Where graduates have paid for space, their sketches have been adjusted accordingly. Paid sketches of graduates iyi the last twenty years will appear in the biographical division of this wor . W. C. Walton Mg KENDREE McKendree College History CHAPTER I. Early Education eDUCATION is an eternal process. Among primitive peoples it was accomplished chiefly in the home and by the efforts of the parents. Among civilized people while the home training has never been completely abandoned, tho perilously near it in some cases, the more important forms of education have been largely intrusted to institutions. From very early times history tells of schools of various kinds. There were the schools of the prophets in the days of King Saul, and not much later the schools of the ancient Greeks in which the Homeric poems were the text books and a Greek slave served as pedagogue to the Greek children. Then there were the rab- binical schools in which Paul sat at the feet of Gamaliel, and the Catechetical schools of the middle ages in which the fu- ture servants of the church were trained for their special religious duties. As the middle ages shaded into modern times and the renaissance developed in the fields of both religion and learning, the church began to foster the establishment of universities in important centers in Europe, such as Bologna which c laims to be the oldest now in existence; Paris where the famous Abelard drew thousands to hear his learned lec- tures; Oxford, an offshoot of Paris, where rehgious conviction was so strong as to lead to the martyrdom of Latimer and Ridley on the very college campus; Cambridge, an offshoot of Ox- ford, which trained such master minds as Sir Isaac Newton, Charles Dickens, and Tennyson, who was England ' s greatest poet-laureate. Here Erasmus lectured and Tyndale began his work as a reformer. Dozens of other great institutions of the old world, similar to these in scope and purpose, might be mentioned. Less than a score of years after the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth the foundations were laid for an institution of learning which has since become one of the greatest American universities. Harvard was to some extent modeled after Cam- bridge. It IS located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and named for Rev. John Harvard who was a graduate of Cambridge University. He contributed to the proposed college in the new world his library of about three hundred volumes and a considerable sum of money. A few decades later came William and Mary College, named in honor of the joint sovereigns who occupied the throne of England at that time. Then came Yale, King ' s (now Columbia), Princeton, Dartmouth, Brown, and Pennsylvania. These eight had their origin prior to the Revolutionary War. The colleges of this period all had more or less of a European background, tho the conditions in the new country doubtless had a modifying influence in the or- ganization and plans of most of them. The college existed in New England before the elementary school. Then the latter became necessary to prepare students for college entrance. Higher education in those days was intended only for the professional class, more especially the ministry, but the pio- neers early came to a realization of the necessity of having elementary education for the masses. If public policies were to be determined by vote of the people the voters must have some education in order that democracy might be a safe form of government. Accordingly we find compulsory elementary education provided for by law in the Massachusetts colony as early as 1642. The whole college movement had a religious basis in an early day and much of it still has. The spirit and purpose of the first college in America is set forth in a little New England pamphlet printed in 164 j, as follows: After God had carried us safe to New England and we had builded our houses, provided necessaries for our livelihood, reared convenient places for God ' s worship, and settled the civil government, one of the next things we longed for and looked MC KENDREE after was to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity, dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches when our present ministers shall lie in the dust. Thus the primary purpose of Harvard was the education of the ministry. Yale was founded by a group of Congregational ministers. In fact the church has been responsible for the founding of the most of our early colleges even in the West. Many of the state institutions originated with the church. We have good author- ity for the statement that the University of Kansas was or- ganized by the Episcopalians and Presbyterians, while the State Agricultural College of Kansas began as a Methodist school. The University of Minnesota was first organized by church missionaries and later taken over by the state. Peter Cartwright, who was once a legislator as well as a pioneer preacher, introduced the bill in the Illinois Legislature which led to the founding of the University of Illinois. The Episco- palian Church organized the State educational system in Flor- ida. Nineteen of the first twenty-two Superintendents of Public Instruction of Kentucky were ministers of the gospel. In fact Christian influence has always been evident m the educational achievements of our country. Where education has been taken over by the state it has been to avoid sectar- ianism, not Christianity. The school founded by Stephen Girard m Philadelphia is unique in that its by-laws provide that no Christian minister shall ever be permitted to enter its grounds. But even this strange rule was not aimed against Christianity, but the school was intended primarily for or- phans, and It was the idea of Mr. Girard that their beliefs should not be biased by denominational teaching. It is also noteworthy that the Pilgrim Fathers believed that Christian- ity of the severe type which they enjoyed, not only justified three hour sermons in churches without fire in winter and equipped with seats without backs, but it also approved of compulsory education for much the same reasons that we do now. The leaders of that day said The child is to be edu- cated not to advance his own personal interest but because the state will suffer if he is not educated. After the Revolutionary War was over there was a great tideof immigration into the MississippiValley.NewEnglanders moved into Ohio and Ohioans into Missouri. The population and development of this vast fertile region was soon well under way and educational standards began to be established. A few colleges were founded in this early period. Transyl- vania in Kentucky, Vincennes in Indiana, McKendree in Illinois, St. Charles in Missouri. The ordinance of 1787 pro- vided that in the Northwest Territory a section of land in each township should be set aside for education. In some states there was also a provision for an additional section for the establishment of a university. Illinois had an excellent free school law passed as early as 1825, but it never really went into effect for it was practically nullified by the succeeding 1 egislature which passed a law providing that no citizen should be taxed for education without his own written consent. Illi- nois did not really have free schools till 1850. Prior to that time there were subscription schools in many communities where the teacher received a small fee from each pupil and boarded ' round among the various patronizing families dur- ing the school term. Abraham Lincoln managed to get enough education to enter the legal profession before the days of free schools, though the requirements for admission to the bar were not very severe at that time. As in New England, though perhaps in less degree, the church had its influence upon edu- cational effort. About this time the academy came into prom- inence both in the east and west. The first, of which the record IS clear, is the one established by Frankhn in Philadelphia which afterward developed into the University of Pennsylvania. The Academy differed from the earlier Latin Grammar school in having a broader purpose. The earlier school was primarily to fit students for college, while the later was also expected to fit them for useful lives. The religious element was strong and many of them were under direct control of the church. Others were semi-public institutions of learning owned and controlled by stockholders. The religious aim is plainly shown in the charter of the Phillips Academy of Andover, Massachusetts, which is one of the oldest. Its purpose was To lay the foun- dation of a public free school or academy for the purpose of instructing youth, not only in English and Latin, writing, arithmetic, and those sciences which they are commonly taught; but more especially to learn them the GREAT END AND REAL BUSINESS OF LIVING It is again de- clared that the first and principal object of this institution is the promotion of true piety and vinue. ' During the first half of the nineteenth century these institutions developed in large numbers. By 1850, according to Inglis, there were over six thousand in the United States, with an enrollment of 26j,ooo students. After the middle of the century these began to be displaced by the tax-supported high school, until now they have almost entirely disappeared. However a few still remain in the east as Wilbraham in Massachusetts, Cazenovia in New York and Williamsport in Pennsylvania. A considerable num- ber existed in Illinois for a certain period but now have prac- tically all been replaced by modern high schools. They were once found m Belleville, Edwardsville, Carlyle, Anna, Albion, and other important towns in southern Illinois. IN 1757, John Wesley visited the University ot Glasgow. At that time James Watt was employed there as a maker of mathematical instruments. Thus two men met on common ground, both of whose achievements h.ive had a mighty influence in the new world. It was chiefly thru the efforts of Watt that we have the steam engine, while Wesley gave us Methodism. Both have been powerful forces m the civilization of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Meth- odism was not a new religion like Mohammedanism or Mor ' monism, but merely a revival of vital interest in the Christian religion in England m Wesley ' s day. It has been well defined as Christianity in earnest. Its earliest promoters were mem- bers of the Church of England. The Wesleys, Whitefield, and others preached a living Chris- tianity first to the churches and then,when they were excluded from the church buildings, they preached to the multitudes in the open field, on the streets, at the fair, at the coal mine, or any place where a crowd of people could be assem bled. In 1739 the first Methodist chapel m the world was built in Bristol, England. Later m the same year the Old Foundry in London was opened for worship by Mr. Wesley. In course of time as many societies were organ- ized their membership must have its terms and conditions defined, hence the General BISHOP ASBURY Rules. There were more societies than preachers and there fore the few preachers travelled from place to place preach- ing the gospel all the time, hence the itinerancy as a peculiar practice of Methodism came into use. When no preacher was available these societies would come together and tell their experiences and exhort one another to right living. From this came the Methodist class meeting. Meth- odism came to America in a very early day. Wesley and Whitefield both visited the new world. Wesley spent many months in the colony of Georgia, while Whitefield travelled and preached in all the colonies from Georgia to Maine. His wonderful voice was heard by thousands. So great was its carrying power that it was claimed that some had heard his sermons distinctly across the Delaware river. He was like a flame of fire . The great awakening under Jonathan Edwards had largely subsided. Whitefield revived it. He preached to the Con- gregational churches of New England, and to the Presbyterians and Baptists of the middle colonies and the south. His evan- MC KE NDREE CHAPTER 11. Early Methodisrn gelistic seal led him to cross the ocean thirteen times and at last he finished his career on this side at Newburyport, Mass- achusetts, and his remains now rest under the little Presby- terian church in that city instead of in Westminster Abbey. But the real pioneers of Methodism were Philip Embury, Barbara Heck, and Captain Webb in the north, and Robert Strawbridge and Richard Owen, and others like them in the south. In Baltimore, John King first preached from a black- smith ' s block at the corner of Front .ind French streets. He made such a favorable impression on certain influential citi- zens who heard him that he was invited to preach in the Episcopal church of St. Paul ' s. He improved this opportunity with such fervor that he received no repeti- tion of the courtesy. But Methodism had now entered the city to stay and five years from the time King preached from the blacksmith ' s block, it was strong enough in Baltimore to entertain the annual conference. In 1784 in this same city at the Christmas Conference, the church was formerly organized by Dr. Coke who carried instructions and authority from Mr. Wesley. At this same conference occurred the ordination of Francis Asbury as the first real Bishop of the Methodist church in America. Asbury, designated by a recent biographer The Prophet of the Long Road, postle of American Methodism. He was the 1745 in Stafford- was the real only son of pious parents, born August shire, England, he was converted at fourteen, definitely en- tered the Wesleyan ministry at twenty-one, and came to America m 177 1 when he was twenty-six. He threw all his energy into the work, travelling and preaching constantly and advising his fellow-workers. His qualities of leader- ship and good judgmsnt were early recognized by his asso- ciates. Tho there was necessarily somewhat of a cessation of the work of Methodism during the Revolutionary War, it was promptly resumed when peace was established and the new government organized. The formal organization of the church was effected m 1784, the next year after the treaty was signed and three years before the Constitution of the United States was signed. After Asbury became bishop, his duties led him into the West where he travelled, preached, and presided m the conferences, continuously. He was an excellent judge of men and therefore skillful in his administration of the con- |mc KEND REE : : ... ..: ferences. He was as much of a student as the circumstances permitted. He spent much of his time in the saddle and his library was in his saddle bags. But yet his biographers insist that he had some knowledge of the original languages of the Bible and the journal which he faithfully kept during the most of his itinerant life, indicates that he was a scholar of no mean attainments. His equestrian statue in the city of Washington, represents him in the role of the Methodist circuit rider. It stands on Sixteenth street in an aristocratic quarter of the city among the residences of the foreign ambassadors. It is said to be the only statue of the many on the streets of our great capital that does not represent a war hero. Asbury was a fa- miliar figure in the middle west for a generation. He was a true Itinerant but at the same time he was the friend of educa- tion. He assisted in the founding of several Methodist schools, notably Cokesbury, and in later years several were named for him. More than any other one man he may be regarded as the founder of the Methodist movement in America. He died March 31, 1816. His body lies in Mt. Olivet cemetery in Baltimore. He had many worthy co ' laborers who were leaders in the work and without whom it could not have succeeded. A little later we will give sketches of the lives of some of these, especially those who labored in Illinois, in order that the reader may be better acquainted with the conditions pre- vailing in the period of the founding of McKendree College and have some slight acquaintance with some of the worthies whose labors made possible the results that have been realized in the later days. Methodism in Illinois had its organized be- ginning about the close of the eighteenth century. In some of the western states the first settlement of the country and the introduction of Methodism were contemporaneous. Scarcely had the settler erected his cabin when the itinerant appeared with his saddle bags containing a Bible, hymn book and Meth- odist Discipline. But this was not the case in Illinois. The first settlers were French Canadians who were strict Roman Cath- olics, who brought with them their priests and all necessary appliances for their own forms of worship. There were per- manent settlements in Cahokia, Kaskaskia, and perhaps other points for about a century before the first Methodist sermon was preached in the territory of the state. The exact year in which Methodism was brought into Illinois is not positively known. Dr. Leaton thinks that the first Methodist in the state was Captain Joseph Ogle who came to Illinois in 1785 and settled in the American Bottom in what is now Monroe County, and afterward moved to St. Clair County about eight miles north of Belleville, where he died in 1821 at the age of eighty. The first Methodist preacher to come to the state was Rev. Joseph Lillard, then a local preacher of Ken- tucky. During his visit he gathered the few scattered Meth- odists into a class and appointed Captain Ogle their leader. This was in 1793. Another preacher to visit the settlements in Illinois was John Clarke. He had been a travelling preacher in South Carolina. After visiting the Illinois settlements and preaching to them he went on to Missouri. It is claimed that he was the first Protestant minister to preach the gospel west of the Mississippi river. But the first Methodist preacher who really lived in Illinois was Hosea Rigg who came from Ken- tucky in 1796 and settled in the American Bottom in St. Clair County. He reorganized Captain Ogles class and later organ- ized another class in Madison County, in the Goshen settle- ment near EdwardsviUe. Another of the early settlers who aided much in the estab- lishment of Methodism was William Scott who came from Kentucky in 1797 and settled at Turkey Hill where he died in 1828. In 1803 the Illinois Mission was formed and recog- nized as a charge in the Western Conference, which then Lovely Lane Meeting House in Baltimore, where the Methodist Church was organized H.it worn hy Peter Cjrtwnght (Now in the McKendree Museum) Fir t M E Chir 1 1 St ill is 7 Organi d through th ttforts ot M ktndrLL and Walke Present Church at Shiloh Oldest M. E, Church in Illinois embraced all the territory west of the Allegheny mountains. The first missionary or pastor appointed officially by the con- ference to the Illinois circuit was Benjamin Young. At the close of the year he reported a membership of sixty seven. The charge embraced all the settlements from the mouth of the Kaskaskia to Wood River in Madison County. One of the preaching places was the house of Squire Reynolds, father of Governor John Reynolds, a short distance east of Kaskaskia. Another was the New Design settlement, a few miles south of where Waterloo now stands. Also Shiloh and Goshen were included in the circuit. In 1804 Rev. Joseph Oglesby was appointed to the Illinois circuit. Dr. Leaton says of him that no history of Methodism in the Mississippi Valley can be complete which does not speak largely of the labors of Joseph Oglesby. In iSo ; Charles R. Matheny was the preacher on the Illinois circuit. It was in the Cumberland District of which William McKendree was Presiding Elder. It was during this year that the first Methodist meeting house was built in Illi- nois. It was known as the Bethel Church in the Goshen settle- ment two and a half miles south of Edwardsville. In 1817 the second session of the Missouri conference was held m it. In 1806 the western conference met in Ebeneser church, Nol- lichuckie, Tennessee, and Jesse Walker was appointed to the Illinois circuit. During this conference year in April, 1807 the first camp meeting in Illinois was held at Goshen. A little later in the same summer another was held at Three Springs, now known as Shiloh. This resulted in the organization of the Shiloh church, through the efforts of McKendree and Walker, which has been maintained continuously ever since, having celebrated its centennial in 1907 with appropriate observances, and is therefore the oldest existing Methodist church in the state of Illinois. In 1816 Bishop McKendree who had then occupied the episcopal olfice for eight years, organized the Missouri Conference at Shiloh. It included the territory covered by Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. An armed guard of horsemen escorted the Bishop from Vincennes over the old trail which passed through the place where Lebanon now stands, tho at that time there were only two or three houses on the hill. This was a dozen years before the founding of McKendree but m those twelve years much progress was made in the great task of settling up the country. At the General Conference of 1824 an enabling act was passed providing for the division of the Missouri Conference. This was done in the fall ot the same year. The joint session was held at the residence of Will- iam Padfield near Summerfield, beginning October 23, which was on Saturday, and closed the following Thursday. The journal of the session is signed by Bishop Roberts but the records show that Bishops McKendree and Soule were both present also. At th.it time the territory of the Illinois Con- ference was the whole state of Illinois and also the state of Indiana. In 1832 Indiana was organized into a separate con- ference leaving the boundaries of the Illinois Conference and the state the same. In 1840 the Rock River Conference was cut off the north end of the state. In 1851 the south end was likewise cut off and the Southern Illinois Conference or- ganized. In 1856 it was again divided and the Central Illinois Conference was organized. Yet after suffering all these divi- sions the Illinois Conference is still one of the greatest in Methodism. In fact the state of Illinois is divided into four great conferences. But the Southern, tho not equal to her Nor- thern neighbors in numbers and material wealth, is the orig- inal field of Methodism and is rich in history and tradition and in this respect will always have the advantage of the other conferences of the state. Perhaps its greatest legacy as well as its most valuable asset is McKendree College which has been the inspiration for much of the success of Methodism not only in IlHnois but in other and far distant states, as we shall at- tempt to show in later chapters of this narrative. HinetyFiie = s: CHAPTER III. Early Methodist Leaders IT SEEMS appropriate at this point to give brief sketches of some of the more prominent leaders in the movement call- ed Methodism in the particular field occupied by McKendree College. Without these neith- er the church nor the college would have h.i J any existence, and the reader will have a better idea of how the results recorded in this narrative were brought about if he has some little acquaintance with a few of these men who left such a deep impress upon the age in which they lived. These knights of the saddle bags had a large part in the develop- ment of the wonderful civilization which it is our privilege to enjoy in these later days. BISHOP McKENDREE The man from whom our beloved college took its name was the fourth Bishop of the church in the order of election and the first who was a native born American, and whom one historian has characterized as the chief founder of the de- nomination in the west. William McKendree was born in Virginia, July 6, 1757. His parents trained him carefully in the faith of the church of England. The morals of the youth were nearly perfect. He could remember to have sworn but one profane oath in his whole lifetime, though that vice was common all around him . He was but a youth at the beginning of the Revolutionary War, but he took up arms with the patriot army in their strug- gle for independence. He served several years, and attained the rank of Adjutant in General Washington ' s army. He was present at the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781 . His home was on the Brunswick circuit in Virginia. In the year 1787 under the ministry of Rev. John Easter, famous for his eloquence, young McKendree ' s conscience was effectually awakened. In telling of it in later years he said, The great deep of my heart was broken up. Its deceit and desperately wicked nature very clearly appeared. My repentance was sin- cere. I became willing and desirous to be saved on any terms. After three days spent in fasting and prayer and in listening to Mr. Easter while he was showing a large congregation the way of salvation by faith, with a clearness which at once astonished and encouraged me, I ventured my all upon Christ, and my soul was relieved of a burden too heavy to be borne. and joy instantly succeeded sorrow. For a time I was fixed in silent adoration, giving glory to God for his goodness to such an unworthy creature. His superior character and abilities soon led his brethren to believe that he should devote his life to the ministry. But in his self-distrust he shrank from the suggestion. Mr. Easter in ' duced him to go with him a few trips on his circuit and try out his preaching abiHty. But after several attempts to preach he returned home fearful that he had answered before he was called. However Mr. Easter had more con- cKENDREE fidence in McKendree ' s abilities than he him- self had. So on Easter ' s recommendation at the next session of the conference, McKendree was received on trial in the con- ference and placed under the care of Philip Cox on the Meck- lenburg circuit. Of this appointment McKendree himself says, I went immediately to the circuit relying more on the judgment of experienced ministers, in whom I confided, than on any clear conviction of my call to the work. When I yielded to their judgment I firmly resolved not to deceive them and to retire as soon as I should be convinced that I was not called of God, and to conduct myself in such a manner that if I failed my friends might ' oe satisfied that it was not for want of effort on my part, but their judgment was not well founded. Sustained by a determination to make a full trial, I resorted to fasting and prayer, and waited for those kind friends who had charge and government over me to dismiss me from the work. But I waited in vain. In this period of suspense I was frequently comforted and supported by the kind and encouraging manner in which I was received by the aged and experienced brethren, and by the manifest presence of God in our meetings which were frequently quite lively and profitable. Sometimes souls were convicted and converted, which afforded me consider- able encouragement, as well as the union and communion with my Saviour in private devotion which he graciously afforded me in the intervals of my very imperfect attempts to preach His gospel. In this way I became satisfied of my call to the ministry and that I was moving in the line of duty. As an example of some of the depressing experiences he had before he reached this conclusion, his biographer tells the following: At one of his appointments on this circuit, after MC KENDREE singing and prayer he took his text and tried to look his audi- ence in the face; but so great was his embarrassment that he could not lift his eyes from the Bible till after his attempted sermon was finished. After the service his host at that ap- pointment left the church supposing the preacher would follow him, but when he did not come after a reasonable time, the host returned to the church and found McKendree sitting on the lowest step of the pulpit stairs, his face covered with his hands, looking forlorn and dejected as though he had not a friend in the world. He very kindly invited the despondent preacher to go home with him. McKendree replied in a mourn- ful tone, I am not fit to go home with anybody. Sometime later McKendree was sitting sad and alone in the parlor of the home where he was being entertained, when an aged minister whose name is not given in the record, came in and laying a kindly hand on his shoulder, said to him, Brother, my mind is strongly impressed that God has a great work for you to do, and I believe the impression is from the Lord. Don ' t run away from the cross. Take it up. Go to the work and be faithful. While uttering these prophetic words, the tears ran down the old man ' s cheeks and he left young McKendree with his mind greatly moved. The history of the church through the years has recorded the result. He made full proof of his ministry. He was for a time under the influence of the reactionary O ' Kelly who tried to induce him to send his resignation to Bishop Asbury. He was for a while uncertain whether or not to believe O ' Kelly ' s representations of the Bishop. He finally decided to satisfy himself as to the real character of Asbury by a visit and personal interview with him. Accordingly he made a trip on purpose to see the Bishop and came back fully convinced that O ' Kelly had misrepresented him. He went back to his work with a devotion that never again wavered. In 1794 Bishop Asbury took McKendree with him to South Carolina and appointed him to Uni on Circuit. The next year he was back again in Virginia, but before the year closed he was sent to Greenbrier Circuit among the Allegheny Moun- tains; and thence to the Little Levels on the Kanawha River, the remotest part of the Virginia Conference. Surely, says his biographer. Dr. Fry, This was a style of itinerancy that would frighten many of his successors in these days, but such was the zeal of the preachers of that day that they delighted in the most self-denying labors. During the remainder of the century he traveled large dis- tricts as presiding elder. One of them extended along the Potomac in Maryland and Virginia, reaching from the Ches- apeake to the Alleghenies. He had now become one of the leading men of the church. His personal appe.irance was impressive. He w.is nearly six feet tall, with robust frame, and weighed about one hundred and sixty pounds. He had abundance of d.irk hair and keen yet kindly blue eyes. His voice was deep and flexible; his tones were clear and his enunciation good. His mind was quick and keen. His man- ner was calm and dignified, but he was so singularly observant that nothing in sight escaped his notice. One who knew him during most of his public life said of him, His intellect was bright and his thoughts were diamond-pointed. He never said foolish things; never weak or common things. There was thought in all his words and wisdom in all his thoughts. He was the man for the times and the age in which he lived. I shall never see his like again. He was communicative, compan- ionable and sympathizing. There was no coldness, coarseness, or selfishness about him. Without eff ort he found his way to the confidence and esteem of every one, old and young, white and black, rich and poor. As a pulpit orator his excellence consisted mainly in his power of analysis. In this respect I think I never heard his superior. He was not wanting in de- scription and pathos, but in argument he was overwhelming. His sermons were generally short, especially in the last years of his ministry. His public prayers were simple, comprehen- sive and brief; while they were at the same time the essence of humility and the breath of devotion. Asbury judged him fit to be the leader of the western itin- erancy. He passed into the valley of the Mississippi where a grand career awaited him. For thirty-five years he was the most influential figure in the Methodism of this valley. One writer says of him, He was the most truly eloquent Bishop that his church has ever possessed, and one of the best preach- ers of any church or age. He never married because he chose to give his whole time and energy to the cause he loved and the church he served. And this left no opportunity for a settled home and domestic life. He died at the home of his brother near Nashville, Ten- nessee, March 5, 1835. His last words were, All is well. His remains lie buried on the campus of Vanderbilt University at Nashville. A very modest stone with a very meager inscrip- tion marks the grave. Some years ago when Dr. Isaiah ViUars was president of McKendree, he started a movement to have the grave of Bishop McKendree moved to the campus of McKendree College But the authorities of Vanderbilt refused to consider the possibility of any such transfer. There are two pictures of Bishop McKendree at the college. One of them has the Bishop ' s own autograph pasted under the portrait. This was clipped from a letter that he wrote to that Lebanon pioneer. Uncle Ben Hypes. }{inetySa. ' en . MC KENDREE PETER CARTWRIGHT A very prominent character in early Methodism was the pioneer preacher, Peter Cartwright. A number of biographies of him have been written, but we wish to give here only a brief sketch which will enable the reader to better appreciate his part in the religious and educational history of his time. His own autobiography has been said by one Hterary critic to show the most distinctly American spirit of any book yet written. Probably this is because it always records his tri- umphs but never his failures. He was born in Virginia, September i, 178-;, a son of poverty. His parents moved to Kentucky while he was yet a child. His mother was a Methodist and tried to give her son religious training. His father was not so much a bad, as a good-for-nothing kind of man. Therefore he was subject to no restraints except his mother ' s talks and prayers, which he says drew tears from his eyes and resolutions to reform and seek religion. But when he got away among his rough and thoughtless companions, he would forget his mother and go to the horse races. He was naturally wild and sometimes wicked, and in his youthful days delighted in horse-racing, card-playing, and dancing. In 1801 he was converted and joined the Methodist church. The following year he was licensed to exhort by Jesse Walker. In 1804 he was received into the Western Conference and appointed junior preacher on the Salt River circuit, with William McKendree as his presiding elder. Here McKendree directed him in a proper course of . reading and examined into his progress at each quarterly meet- ing. Later in hfe he acknowledged himself more indebted to McKendree than to any other person for his attainments, meager tho they were, in literature and divinity. In the sum- mer of 1806 he was married to Frances Gaines, a woman worthy to rank with the noble women of Methodism, and who exerted a more favorable influence on her husband than any or all other persons combined. Her character is well drawn by Solomon or whoever is the author of the last chapter of Proverbs. A woman who lived in the Cartwright home for some years says of her, Sister Cartwright was one of the most industrious and amiable women I ever knew. Whatever she did seemed to be done better and quicker than anybody else could do it. His ministry was carried on in Kentucky, with the exception of one year in the Wabash district in Illi- nois, until 1824 when the Illinois Conference was organized. He then transferred to that conference and spent the remain- der of his life in Illinois. Prior to 1824 he had been twice elected to the general conference and had distinguished him- self as a bitter opponent of slavery, and had published his PETER CARTWRIGHT celebrated Letter to the Devil. He had planned to be present at the organiza ' tion session of the Illinois Conference at Summerfield, but was hindered by the death of his daughter, a little girl who was killed by a falling tree where they camped one night on the way . A little later he settled on a farm which he bought in Sangamon County near Pleasant Plains, which was his home for the remainder of his life. This farm is now owned by Mr. Walter Nottingham who has lived on it many years, and who was once a student in Mc Kendree. Mrs. Johnson whom we quoted above gives this brief description of Cartwright ' s personal appearance: He was short, thick, heavy-set, with a large neck, coarse and rough in his manners, and anything else but grave. After preaching with power and praying as few men could, he would have a dozen or twenty persons, frequently some of the roughest in his congregation, all indulging in uproarious laughter at his jests before he was ten feet away from the pulpit. He was at times as kind and affectionate as any man, but often as abrupt as if entirely des- titute of feeling. He was however generally affectionate in his family. When his wife would chide him for leaving home so much when not all the family were well, I have seen him sit down and weep like a child. And when he came home from his round of quarterly meetings it was not an hour before he got up a general romp with the children. Rev. J. M. Gunn speaks of him as follows in Methodism in Tennessee : I never knew him to get hoarse or appear tired in his preaching. He was death upon whisky-drinking, tobacco, and coffee. Take him altogether he was one of the most powerful men I ever heard. Dr. Redford says of him: Few men in the west have la- bored with more untiring energy in the ministry than Peter Cartwright. While traveling the Cumberland District he of- ten returned home from his quarterly meetings worn and weary, but in order to support his family he would work his fields by the light of the pale moon. Prompt in meeting his E.ght MC KENDREE appointments, it was very seldom that he disappointed a con ' gregation. Before he left Kentucky he became a terror to evil ' doers in that state, administering reproof with unsparing hand. He came to Illinois in 1824 and for nearly fifty years showed the same characteristics in his ministry here. In view of the extent of his labors, the severe privations he endured, the meager support he received from the church, the fiithfulness with which he performed his duties, and his deep devotion to the cause for which he labored, we conclude that it would be difficult to find his equal. True there were some things about him that we would have had different if possible. His manner of dealing with his opponents would not be tolerated in the church of today but it was very effective in dealing with a class of people who were common in his day. He died at Pleasant Plains Sept. 25, 1872. SAMUEL H. THOMPSON Samuel H. Thompson was born in Pennsylvania, March 16, 1786. His parents were Presbyterians and he was carefully instructed in their faith. He received a good English education. He was converted at twenty and began to preach at twenty ' three. He assisted in holding the first Methodist camp meet- ing in Indiana, which was a time of great power and glory. He was presiding elder of the Illinois district when it covered more than two-thirds of the state. He was once nominated for Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois but he could not be induced to follow the electioneering customs practiced by candidates of that day, as well as this, so he was not elected. He served as agent for McKendree College and was president of the Board of Trustees. He was at different times pastor of the Lebanon circuit, Alton, Belleville, and other charges m Illi- nois. He was a man of fine personal appearance and in manners was a polished Christian gentleman. He had fine social qual- ities and was an admirable conversationalist. As a preacher his style was hortatory rather than didactic. His discourses abounded in anecdote and illustration. He could tell a story with a grace and force that strongly impressed those who heard him. He was very sympathetic and like Jeremiah his head was a fountain of tears. His sweet spirit endeared him to all who knew him. He was five times elected to the general conference; and on one occasion, the bishop being absent, he was chosen to preside during the entire session of his own conference. In his family worship it is said that he covered the field so thoroly that he sometimes prayed for his horse as well as for the various members of the family. He excelled in rais- ing funds for benevolent causes and was so frequently engaged in that work that he was called by some the beggar general. On one occasion he closed his appeal by telling the people to come forward and lay their offerings on the table. Among those who responded was a man who put his hand deep into his pocket and took out a handful of silver in order to pick out a piece for his gift. Thompson saw him and as if supposing he intended to lay it all upon the table, exclaimed at the top of his voice, Thank God for one liberal soul. By this time all eyes were fixed on the liberal gentleman who then felt that he must indeed lay down the entire handful. Peter Cartwright says of him, Mr. Thompson had a passion for lost souls, and spent the best years of his life seeking them out and trying to show them the way to Heaven. No doubt many are now praising God in eternity because this self-sacrificing Metho- dist preacher taught them the way of life, m their mud hovels and murky cabins. During his last illness he requested that the neighbors be called in that he might preach to them once more, while propped up in bed before he lef t for Heaven. It was done. The room was crowded and such a sermon hardly ever fell from the lips of mortal man. The power of God fell on the congregation. They wept aloud and fell in every direc- tion. Many dated their start for Heaven from that sermon. And now having delivered his last message he said, ' My work is done and I am ready to go at my Master ' s bidding ' . JOHN DEW Rev. John Dew was born July 19, 1789 in the state of Vir- ginia. In early youth he became religious and joined the Meth ' odist church. At the age of twenty-four he felt the call to the ministry and joined the Ohio Conference in 181 3. After serv- ing three years he located and married a wife. After a few years he came west and joined the Missouri Conference in 1824 just before the Illinois Conference was cut off from it. From that time on he was m the Illinois Conference. In 1830 and again m 183,2 he was appointed pastor of the Lebanon Circuit. In 1835 he located again. This was probably for reasons connected with the support of his family. In 1836 he was readmitted and appointed president of McKendree Col- lege. He held this position only two years and then was appointed Presiding Elder of the Lebanon District. He held this position to the end of his life. His death occurred Sep- tember 5th, 1840, after an illness of two weeks. He was then only fifty -one years of age and presumably in the prime of his ability. The family left to mourn his loss consisted of his wife and seven children. His biographer says that as a minister he was able and useful. As a Presiding Elder his services will be long remembered. cs g S As a man he was honest; as a citizen he was public spirited; in the domestic circle he was kind and affectionate; as a Christian his walk and conversation recommended the reli- gion he had spent the greater part of hi? life in preaching to his fellowmen. Peter Cartwright, his intimate friend says of him, He had a fine order of talent as a preacher, was a strong theological debater, had a clear and sound mind, and was well qualified to defend the doctrines of the Bible against infidelity, and the doctrines of Methodism against all sectarian assailants. He was popular and useful as a preacher, labored hard, suffered much in spreading the Gospel, lived beloved, and died la- mented by thousands. He was said to be of fine personal appearance with black hair and piercing eyes. His voice was very musical and in reading the Scriptures or lining the hymns he often produced a powerful effect on his hearers. JESSE WALKER Dr. Lea ton says that to Jesse Walker, Methodism in Illinois and Missouri is more indebted than to any other single indi- vidual. He was born in Virginia June 9, 1766 and hence was nineteen years older than Cartwright. He had very slight educational opportunities in his youth. Twenty days would cover the whole period of his school life. When only nine years of age he was religiously awakened under the preaching of a Baptist preacher in Virginia, but for the want of religious instruction and environment he later backslid and became very wicked. At twenty he was reclaimed and joined the Methodist church. He was at once appointed class leader and became very useful in that field. His friends urged him to enter the ministry but he refrained until he was thirty-six, when he finally yielded to the call and joined the Western Conference. At this time he was living in Kentucky and had a wife and two daughters. He had only moderate preaching ability, but he possessed a soul burning with desire for the salv.ition of others. He was unable to discuss the learned theological doc- trines, but he could tell the story of the cross with such pathos and power as to melt the hardest heart. Governor Reynolds, in his Pioneer History of Illinois, refers to him in the following words, Mr. Walker was a man of great energy and courage; very excitable and producing great excitement in his congregations. He was a short well-set man, walked erect, and was possessed of great firmness, energy and perseverance. His complexion was sallow. His eyes were blue, small, and piercing. He was not a profound scholar, but a student of the Scripture and of human nature. Another writer says he usually wore a wide-rimmed hat which m.ide him resemble a Quaker in appearance. In the Spring of 1806 he paid his first visit to Illinois. He was greatly delighted with the country and felt that here God had a great work for him to do. He went back to Kentucky and finished the year on his circuit, and at the next conference he was appointed to the Illinois circuit. He arrived home from con- ference at noon. By ten o ' clock the next day he was ready to start, with his family for his new field of labor in Illinois. They braved the handicap of high waters, storms, hunger, and cold as they traveled the two hundred weary miles from Hartford, Kentucky to Turkey Hill in St. Clair County, Illinois. Near there he located his family, and they lived there for several years while he was constantly travelling through the pioneer communities of Illinois and Missouri. His parsonage was an old log cabin belonging to William Scott. It had a plank floor, which was better than many had at that time, a stick chimney, and a big fire place with a hearth so low that the edge of the floor served as seats for all the family, around the fire. He immediately entered upon his labors as a circuit rider and at the next New Year ' s eve held a Watch night meeting which was said to be the first ever held in Illinois. In connection with that meeting he also held the first love feast in Illinois. In April 1807 he held the first camp meeting in Illinois, at a place about three miles south of the present city of Edwards- ville. Late in July of the same year he and William McKendree, then presiding elder of the Cumberland District, held another camp meeting at Three Springs, later known as Shiloh, which resulted in the organization of the Shiloh church, w hich is now the oldest Methodist church in Illinois. In one of his itineraries west of the Mississippi river he held a camp meeting on the spot where later was built the McKendree Chapel, which was the first Methodist church west of the Mississippi river. In 1819 he planted Methodism in St. Louis. When he and two other preachers arrived in town they found the Territorial Legislature in session. Every public house was crowded with guests and there was literally no room for them in the inn. When their mission became known they were ridiculed and insulted by those who should have respected them. Walker ' s two companions soon deserted him. A little later he too became so discouraged by his treat- ment there that he decided to leave the wicked place to its fate and seek a more appreciative field of labor. He mounted his horse and turned his back on the future great city. But after going a few miles he reconsidered and in his own mind resolved that by the Grace of God he would take St. Louis for Jesus Christ. So he turned back and renewed his efforts. When after a few days the only place where he was permitted to preach w,is closed against him, he boldly rented a room for ten dollars a month and held meetings there five days m the week and twice on Sunday. At the end of the conference year he had built a house of worship and reported seventy-five members in his church. Besides this he had estabHshed an out- point on his charge at Alton, thirty miles away, where he had a regular appointment to preach once a month at the house of Nathaniel Pinckard. In the Spring of 1825 he preached the first sermon inChicago,ortheplacethatafterwardsbecameChicago. Mr. Walker could not confine himself to any particular field. He adopted Wesley ' s motto, The World is my parish. To hundreds of early settlers he was the first to carry the glad tidings of the Gospel. When John Sinclair was appointed to the Chicago District he found that wherever he went Walker had been there before him. Being ambitious to preach the gospel first to some of the newcomers, and hearing of a family that had just settled at Root River in Wisconsin, he made all haste to carry them the word of eternal life. On his way there he met Mr. Walker. On inquiry about his health Walker told him that he was quite well but weary, as he was just returning from a long trip looking after a family who had recently settled at Root River. In despair Sinclair gave up hope of ever being the first to take the gospel to anybody as long as Walker was anywhere in the country. One historian says Walker was to the church what Daniel Boone was to the early settlers — preceding all others long enough to be a pilot to the newcomers. His natural vigor was almost superhuman. No day ' s journey was too long for him to travel. No fare was too poor for him to live upon. To him, in travelling, roads and paths were useless things. He blazed his own course. If his horse could not carry him, he led the horse. Where the horse could not follow, he left him and pursued his course on foot. If night and a cabin did not come together, he would pass the night alone in the wilderness, which was no uncommon occurrence with him. He was never lost. As the church moved north and west it seemed to bear Walker before it. Every time you would hear from him he was a little farther on. When at last feebleness of body com ' pelled him to take a place with the superannuates he did not long survive the process of retirement. PETER AKERS Peter Akers was born near Lynchburg, Campbell County, Virginia, September i, 1790. His parents, John and Agnes Akers, were Presbyterians and gave their children careful religious training. After being educated in the common schools of his state, he began to teach when only sixteen years of age. Later he attended two higher institutions of learning, one in Virginia and the other in North Carolina. He pur- sued the classical course and acquired habits of close and diligent study, but did not attain a degree. Then, altho his mother, wished him to enter the ministry, he decided to study law. He went to Sterling, Kentucky, where he first taught school for a time and then studied law in the office of Major Fleming of Flemingsburg, PETER AKERS President of McKendree College when It obtained its first charter in iS ' ;. Kentucky. He was admitted to the bar in 181 7 and became Major Fleming ' s partner. About two years later he began the publication of a paper called The Star but he did not continue long in editorial work. He was married March 12,, 1818 to Miss Eliza Farris. She died of tuberculosis June 24, 1821, leaving one son, Joshua Soule Akers, their first child having died in infancy. This son was the only one of his chil- dren who grew to maturity and lived to succeed his father in the gospel ministry. Shortly before the death of his wife in 1821 he was converted in a Methodist revival meeting and a few months later began his career as a Methodist preacher. He was admitted to the Kentucky Conference in 1821 and his first charge was Limestone Circuit. The next year he was appointed to Kentawa on which charge he organized seven- teen Sunday Schools during the year and received as his entire cash salary the magnificent sum of $3,7.56.Thenext year he was appointed to the Fleming Circuit and m the course of this year he had a remarkable religious experience which probably affected his entire subsequent career. In 1826 he was sent to Lexington which was one of the prominent charges. It was here that he married his second wife, Elizabeth Reed. In 1832 he came to Illinois where he remained a member of the Illinois Conference for the rest of his life. The next year after he came to Ilhnois his scholarship and ability was recognized in his election to the presidency of McKendree College. He was president when the first charter was obtained in 1835. He continued in this position three years and twice thereafter he was president of McKendree for short periods, but he seemed to feel that his principle work was in the pulpit. He served in numerous important charges and was presiding elder of the Springfield District two terms, Quincy District two terms, Jacksonville District one term, and the North Jacksonville One Hundred and One District two years. He was a member of eight General Con- ferences, but on account of his extreme modesty, refused to make a speech after the reporters were admitted in 1840. The first degree that McKendree College ever conferred was the Doctor of Divinity bestowed upon Mr. Akers in 1839. He published a book while he was President of McKendree, en- titled Biblical Chronology upon which he spent many years of study and research. He was a mighty pulpit orator and had no superior in Methodism in that field during the years of his active service. It is said that an audience would often listen to his preaching from two to four hours at a time with un- abating interest and without realizing that the sermon was long. Lincoln heard him one day in one of his great efforts and went away feeling that he himself was to be in some way concerned with the overthrow of slavery. He was a prophet with the spirit of Elijah or Malachi. The evil of slavery was one of his favorite themes. In 1856 he was preaching one Sunday morning in the college chapel. After discussing the subject of slavery at some length he approached the pulpit stand with a gravity which hushed the audience to a breath- less stillness, placed his long fore finger upon the page of the open Bible, and with all the solemnity of a Jeremiah, said, I cannot give you the exact date but in the latter part of i860 or the early part of 186 1 there will arise in this nation the greatest internecine war known to the history of the world. It will be brother against brother, family against family, and thousands of hearth stones will be made desolate. But thru this bloody baptism we must pass for the deliverance of the slave from bondage. His active ministry covered a period of forty-six years. In 1867 failing health made it seem wise to take the superannuate relation. But even after that he spent almost a score of useful years living in retirement in the city of Jacksonville, with his third wife who was Miss Anne Goheen. He lived in a house which the citizens of Jacksonville gave him in order to have him Hve in their city. His home was a mile from the Methodist church, yet as long as his health permitted, he could be seen regularly every Sunday morning walking the mile each way to and from church. A friend of his used to say that this was a splendid object lesson on the duty of church going, and that he was in reality preaching a sermon two miles long every Sunday. When his son the Rev. Joshua Akers left Illinois to take up work out west a few years before his father ' s death, in bidding him goodby the aged patriarch said, My son, I am old. My time has been well lengthened out. My work is done. I cannot live much longer, but I am unable to give you the date of my death any nearer than to say it will occur on Sunday morning at the hour of the church service. When the time of his departure from earth did come, the son received a dispatch on Tuesday saying his father could not live much longer. He remembered his father ' s parting prophecy and after consulting a railway guide he reasoned thus, I can leave here on Thursday, be with him on Saturday and thus see him alive, for he will not pass away till Sunday. Following this plan he arrived home and received his father ' s parting messages on Saturday, and on Sunday morning while the church bells of Jacksonville were ringing for the morning services his spirit took its de- parture. This was on Feb. 21, 1886. Saddle-bag used by Cartwright, now in the McKendree Mu Ctie Hundred ,ind Tu CHAPTER IV. Early Methodist Schools QETHODISM was born in a college when the Wesleys organized the Holy Club at Oxford; and while it has worked successfully among the poor and unedu- cated classes, it has also emphasized educational work. Its founders were educated men who taught an intelligent form of religion. Before the days of American Methodism, John Wesley established the Kingswood School in 1748. He care- fully worked out the course of study himself and declared that the youth who faithfully pursued and mastered its cur- riculum would in most cases be better educated than the graduates of Oxford or Cambridge. In America Asbury had established a school in Brunswick County, Virginia, which there is good reason to believe pre- ceded the more famous Cokesbury. He was fond of scriptural names and therefore it is not strange that it was called Eben- ezer. There is scarcely any record to be found concerning it now, but Mr. W. Embury Merritt once a prominent lawyer in Virginia, whose father Rev. Henry Merritt was a trustee of Ebenezer, said it was opened in 1784, at least a year before the opening of Cokesbury, and in all probability earlier in the same year that the Christmas Conference was held where the Methodist Episcopal church was formally organized. Bishop Asbury was not always pleased with the administration of the school. In his journal under date of December 8, 1794 he wrote : I had a meeting with the trustees of Ebenezer Acad- emy. Matters are very discouraging. People in general care too little for the education of their children. Jesse Lee ' s history of Methodism in 1809 mentions the school as in operation at that date. There seems to be no authentic record as to when it was closed. One writer says it was finally sold by authority of the state legislature, but does not tell what was done with the money. A few years ago the Methodist Year Book contained a picture of the old stone building, erected for Ebenezer Academy, but now fallen into decay, and labelled it the oldest educational building in American Methodism. There is a tradition that the first prin- cipal of Ebenezer was a Scotchman who was brought to America on purpose to take charge of the school, and that he was a great linguist but rather ignorant in some of the prac- tical things of life. In order to make his living more economical he planted a garden. When his beans came up he noticed that the beans he had planted were on the tips of the growing plants. He concluded that by some strange mistake of nature they had started to grow with the wrong end up. So he immediately proceeded to dig them up and invert them. He was probably a better linguist than a gardener. COKESBURY Cokesbury College was the first Methodist educational in- stitution that claimed college rank. Before the Christmas con- ference of 1784 had adjourned, plans were laid for the founding of a Methodist college in the new world. The corner stone was laid with solemn ceremonies by Bishop Asbury on Sun- day, June 5, 1785. Dr. Coke had ardently advocated the enter- prise, and helped raise $5,0 00 for it in the short period of his official visit to America and the institution shared the names of these two great leaders. But Coke under orders from Wes- ley, hastened back to England while Asbury in the midst of his other arduous duties, took care of the infant educational enterprise. It was located at Abingdon, Maryland, twenty- five miles from Baltimore. Magnificent views extend in either direction. On the one hand the picturesque valley of the Susquehanna, and on the other the magnificent Chesapeake bay stretching away in the distance till it is lost in the ocean. The building is described by John Dickens, the Methodist Book Concern man of that day, in the following words: The college is one hundred and eight feet in length and forty feet in breadth, and stands on the summit and center of six acres of land with an equal descent and portion of ground on each side. The whole building is painted on the outside and the windows glazed. Wesley sent out a middle aged clergyman from England to be the principal. In September, 1787 an examination of the Preparatory School took place, Bishop Asbury presiding. In December, Mr. Heath, the English Cler- gyman, was publicly inaugurated as president and Mr. Marsh and Patrick McCloskey as professors. There were then twen- ty-five students. Abingdon soon became a favorite place of residence for families desiring a beautiful locality and the advantages of a good school. It entertained the conference in 1786 and later it became a common practice for the Baltimore Conference to begin its sessions in that city and then adjourn to Cokesbury College for the conclusion of its deliberations. The Cokesbury curriculum included, besides the English branches, the Latin, Greek, Hebrew, German, and French languages. In the Methodist Discipline for 1789 is given a detailed statement of the purposes and rules of the institu- tion. From this we quote a few extracts. One Hundred and Three MC KENDREE Where Cokesbury College built It shall be the purpose of the institution to educate the sons of Methodist preachers, orphans, and other children. It is expected that our friends who send their children to the college will, if they be able, pay a moderate sum for their education and board. The rest will be taught and boarded, and if our finances will allow it, clothed gratis. Our first object shall be to answer the design of Christian education by instilling into their minds the principles of true religion and training them in the ancient way that they may be rational scriptural Christians, and this is one of the reasons why we do not admit students indiscriminately. We shall inflexibly insist on their rising early in the morning; and we are convinced that this is of vast importance to both body and mind. The em- ployments which we have chosen for the recreation of stu- dents are such as are of great public utihty, as agriculture and architecture. In teaching the languages care shall be taken to read those authors only who join together the purity, ele- gance and strength of their several tongues. And the utmost caution shall be used that nothing immodest be found in any of our books. The price of education shall be four guineas. However the sons of travelling preachers shall be boarded, educated, and clothed gratis, except those whose parents, according to the judgment of the conference, are of ability to defray the expense. The regimen of the institution was re- markable for its vigor, if not for its wisdom. The students were required to rise at five o ' clock in the morning in summer and winter, and to be in bed by nine o ' clock in the evening without fail. Also to study seven hours every day with intervals of exercise or recreation. No studies were allowed after seven in the evening. The recreations prescribed were, gardening, walking, riding, bathing, out of doors; and the carpenters ' , joiners ' , cabinet makers ' and turners ' business in doors. It was also specified that the pupils shall not be al- lowed to sleep on feather beds, nor shall they engage in any- thing that the world calls play. During its ten years of history Cokesbury educated a number of youths who were afterward leaders in the church. It was also useful in furnish- ing an opportunity for an education to preachers ' sons who probably would not have been able to secure it otherwise. And, especially, training and strict discipline for the sons of itinerant preachers whose fathers were not at home enough to give them the needed discipline. At midnight December 7, 1795 the college was destroyed by fire. This ended its career. The fire was said to be of unknown origin but it would not be strange if it were started by some of the boys who doubtless chafed under the severe discipline of the school. When he heard of it Asbury wrote in his journal; We have now a confirmed account that Cokesbury College is consumed to ashes. A sacrifice of about ten thousand pounds in ten years. I do not think the Lord called Methodists to build colleges. I wished only for schools. Dr. Coke wanted a college. I feel distressed at the loss of the library. The former site of Cokesbury is now a spot full of historic interest, shown in one issue of the Methodist Year Book. The old bell which survived the fire was in after years taken to Goucher College in Baltimore where it is still in service. AUGUSTA Augusta College in Kentucky had its origin thru a com- mission of the Ohio and Kentucky conferences. It was opened as a preparatory classical school some time in 1822, with Rev. John P. Finley as principal. In December of the same year it received a charter from the state of Kentucky, with full authority to confer degrees. It was the only Methodist col- lege then in existence which had that authority. The most influential man in securing the establishment of the college was Captain James Armstrong, a lay member of the Metho- dist church in Augusta. He furnished the land and bore the entire expense of erecting the first Methodist church building in his home town. That was in 1819. He likewise furnished the ground and led in the construction of the col- lege building, which after its completion was duly transferred to the trustees of Augusta College. The building was eighty by forty-two feet. On the first floor was a chapel besides two recitation rooms. On the second floor were six rooms and the third floor was divided into seven rooms. Among the distin- guished men who have served on the faculty are Rev. James S. Tomlinson, Rev. John P. Durbin, Rev. Henry B. Bascom, and Rev. Martin Ruter. The last named received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Transylvania University. It is claimed that he was the first minister in the Methodist Epis- copal Church upon whom this degree was conferred One Himdrd and Four MC KENDREE In the list of Trustees of August.i is found the name of Bishop Joshua Soule. The college was noted for its religious atmosphere. The revival spirit prevailed. In January 1828, Dr. Durbin wrote to the Christian Advocate as follows: ' We have a most glorious revival. It commenced among our one hundred students. It would do you good to witness the soundness of their conversion and the ardor of their triumph. I had long believed that a college could be made not only the nursery of learning but of morals and religion as well. I am convinced of it more and more every day. I rejoice that we have in the West one regular college where our youth may be educated and neither their morals nor their principles cor- rupted. I am clearly convinced that our youth should not be taught by any man who is not decidedly pious. For a few years Augusta was the only Methodist school in America having legal authority to confer the baccalaureate and other degrees. Therefore students from distant states sought its advantages. The numbers were at no time great but included representative young men from the best families m Metho- dism. In 1829 the first class was admitted to the Bachelor of Arts degree. From that time till the repeal of the Charter a class was graduated each year. The total alumni list contains one hundred and fifty-three names. Among these are some II i m K 111 II! m iji Augusta College, founded in 1822; the first Methodist College in the west who came to prominence in the legal and medical professions and in the ministry. A larger list were students for ft time but did not come to graduation. Among these were Bishop BISHOP SIMPSON A graduate of Madison Randolphs. Foster and Pro- fessor John Miley, who was for many years a member of the faculty of Drew Theo- logical Seminary. It is said that Foster and Miley were fellow students and inti- mate friends. In after years Sallie Miley, John ' s sister became Mrs. Foster. Also Dr. John W. Locke, once president of McKendree, graduated from Augusta in 1841. Thedivisionof the church ini844brought about condi- tions which hindered the progress of Augusta and in 1849 Its charter was repealed and its doors were closed. MADISON Madison College, located for a few years at Uniontown, Pennsylvania, represents another attempt at higher educa- tion in Methodism. Its history as a college dates from 1826. It developed from an academy known as Union Seminary which had been started m 1792 under the direction and leadership of Bishop Asbury, m this strong Methodist center which had already entertained several annual conferences. The college was organized under the patronage of the Pitts- burg Conference with Dr. Henry B. Bascom as president and professor of Moral Science, Dr. Charles Elliott as professor of Languages, and Dr. James H. Fielding as professor of Math- ematics. It was chartered by the Legislature of Pennsylvania in 1827 and rendered a few years of excellent service as a struggling Methodist college without sufficient endowment. In 182,3 Allegheny College, a Presbyterian institution found- ed in 181 f at MeadviUe, was ceded to the Methodist Church. This institution, with much the same patronizing territory and, having so much the start of Madison, so completely overshadowed the latter institution that its doors were closed and Its former supporters transferred their allegiance to Alle- gheny. The building occupied by Madison was afterward used for a college of the Methodist Protestant Church, then as a Female College, later as a school for the orphans of sol- diers, and still later as a private residence. Among the few graduates which Madison sent out during its short career was Bishop Matthew Simpson. Had the college done no other service than the training of this wonderful servant of God it would have justified its existence. Allegheny College, found- ed in 1815 and Dickinson, founded in 1785 are both to be counted among the early enterprises in religious education, but their early struggles are not a part of this story for they were both founded by the Presbyterians and became Meth- odist institutions by transfer, both in the same year, 183J. THE WESLEY AN The Wesleyan Academy now known as Wilbraham acad- emy and referred to in theCentennial number of theChristian Advocate as the oldest school in Method- ism was founded in 1817 at New Market, New Hampshire. This location proved unsuit- able in several ways. Altho for a time it was under the guidance of that genius of early Methodism, Dr. Martin Ruter, it went behind financially to such an extent that in 1823 it closed its doors. After a thoro reorganization, the school was opened the fol- lowing year at Wilbraham, Massachusetts. Its first principal in the new location was Rev. Wilbur Fisk, afterwards president of the Wes- leyan University, who distinguished himself in after years by refusing to accept the office of Bishop when he was elected by the General Conference on the first ballot. Dr. Fisk was a strict discipHnarian. An interesting story of his diHgence in this line is told in the early annals of Wilbraham. He always appealed to the best that was in his pupils to secure correct deportment, but incorrigibles, instead of being sent home, were treated with stripes, few or many according to their crimes. In extreme cases punishment was administered in the presence of the school as a warning to others. On one occasion a lad who had been a frequent offender was told to come next morning prepared for a switching. After the usual morning devotions he was called to the front and treated to a lengthy BISHOP BOWMAN Member of McKendree Board of Trustees homily on good behavior. Then down came the birch over his shoulders. But while the rest of the school were in a state of nervous fear it only produced a smile from the boy himself. His coat was ordered off and the switch was again vigorously applied. The rest of the pupils winced but the lad remained calm and comfortable. Next his vest was ordered off, only to find another and then another and then fell down a large atlas which had furnished effectual protection against the cutting blows of the switch. The whole school broke into roars of laughter in which the principal was compelled to join. After he had recovered his equihbrium he asked Why did you fixyour- selfupin that way? You told me to prepare for a flogging and, I did so, was the meek reply, which again brought the house down. Without further attempt at correction he was allowed to resume his seat. He had earned his liberty. Sev- eral prominent leaders in Methodism have been connected with this school. Among them Rev. Robert Allyn who was Principal (from 1845 to 1848) and later. President of McKendree Col- lege. During his administration the school prospered and increased in numbers. At the close of the year 1848 an alumni reunion was held in the grove north of the school. Many former students were present and memories ofold days were revived. On that occasion Mr. Annis Merrill ofSan Francisco delivered an able historical address. Ten years prior to that time he had been a professor in McKendree and his picture still hangs in McKendree ' s chapel. For more than a century this famous old school has been active in the field of sec- ondary education. It has prepared thousands for college or for the active duties of life and is still busy molding the char- acter of some hundreds of young Methodists every year. McKENDREE COLLEGE— Original building erected in 1828, destroyed by fire January, 1856 One Hundred and Si ilMC KENDREE ON THURSDAY, September 20, 1827, when the leaves in the Wabash valley had just begun to take on their gorgeous autumn colors, a group of serious minded, tho ever cheerful Methodist preachers arrived at Mount Carmel, on the Wabash for the fourth session of the Illinois Confer- ence. They did not travel on limited trains or in limousines, but each on his own faithful steed, with the records of his year ' s work, his library, and his wardrobe, all in his saddle bags. The territory of the conference at that time included the two states of Illinois and Indiana, so the trip to conference meant several days ' journey for some of the circuit riders. The conference host was the Rev. John McReynoIds. Altho It was necessary to furnish lodging for as many horses as men, the entertainment of the conference was not as heavy a task as at the present day. At the opening session only twenty- seven members answered roll-call, tho the records show that there were at least fifty-five members. Probably the others arrived later, in time to hear the bishop preach on Sunday. There were also fourteen young men there as applicants for membership in the conference. Of these, eleven were admitted on probation. The other three were rejected for reasons not stated in the minutes. And of those who were received on trial two did not make good. The minutes of the next con- ference show that one was dropped and one discontinued at his own request. Bishop Roberts was the presiding officer. He was the sixth in order of the bishops of the Methodist church, but the first who was a married man. These men were indeed serious minded and felt the importance of their business in the conference. They held two business sessions daily for a full week and opened the final session at six o ' clock in the morning in order to be able to adjourn at noon that day and have the afternoon for a start on the long journey to their new appointments. At that stage of Methodism a preacher was rarely appointed to the same charge for a second year. They adopted resolutions of thanks to the citizens of Mount Car- mel for their hospitality and it is probable that a resolution of that kind was more than a mere formality in those days. By a formal vote each member was requested to furnish a brief biography of himself to be presented at the next session for the conference records. A course of reading and study for the preachers was presented by Bishop Roberts and adopted by the conference. But while this conference course was a means of culture for those in actual service and might in some measure atone for their educational deficiencies, yet all the CHAPTER V. The Conference and the Seminary more experienced of these men realized that it did not afford adequate training for men who are called to important posi- tions of leadership as most Methodist preachers are. So far as can be determined at this time not a single member of that group of Methodist preachers, not even the bishop, had a college education. But many of them realized the handicap of this deficiency and were anxious to provide educational op- portunities for their successors. In the afternoon session of Friday, September 2 1 , Peter Cartwright, who had then served more than a score of years in the ministry, had been a delegate to the General Conference, was one of the original members of the Illinois Conference, and at that time presiding elder of the Illinois District, arose in his place and presented a petition from certain citizens of Greene County, Illinois on the subject of establishing a conference seminary for the Illinois Conference. On motion this petition was referred to a com- mittee of three with instructions to report before the close of the present conference. The committee was composed of John Dew, Allen Wiley, and John Fox. On Tuesday, September 25, this committee made a report recommending that a com- mittee of five be appointed to obtain all the information they can on the subject of a conference seminary and report to the next conference. The committee appointed by the bishop was as follows, John Strange, James Armstrong, Charles Hoi- Iiday, Peter Cartwright, and William Shanks. The petition from Greene County was not copied into the minutes, and since the document itself is lost we have no means of knowing who signed it, or exactly what they asked the conference to do. At any rate this shows the existence at that early day of a sentiment among the people that there ought to be a Meth- odist institution of learning in Illinois. The minutes of the conference for 1828 contain several references to the Seminary Committee. Following is a verb- al extract from the minutes under date of October 14, 1828: The president called for a report of the committee ap- pointed at the last annual conference to take into consider- ation the subject of a conference seminary. Whereupon the committee asked and obtained further time; and on motion resolved that the vacancy in that committee occasioned by the absence of Peter Cartwright, be filled. The pres ident appointed S. H. Thompson to fill the vacancy. In the minutes of the next day we find the following: It was moved and seconded that the committee appointed at the last session to take into consideration the subject of a One Hundred and Se Imc KENDREE i : : ,. . .. conference seminary, be discharged from any further consid ' eration of the subject. This motion did not prevail. It was then moved that said committee have leave of absence for one hour to make out their report. Which motion was lost. On motion resolved that a certain memorial with accompanying documents, now in the hands of S. H. Thompson, be read to this conference. The said memorial and accompanying docu- ments, concerning a seminary at Lebanon, Illinois, were read, and on motion referred to a committee of three who shall report as soon as convenient. The President appointed S. H. Thompson, John Strange, and John Dew as that committee. The committee appointed to take into consideration the ad- dress of the committee of Illinois Circuit on the subject of the Lebanon Seminary, submitted their report which was read and on motion accepted. On motion the conference re- considered the vote by which the report of the committee on the above named address was accepted. On motion resolved that the report of the above named committee be amended by striking out so much of the said report as recommends that this conference, at its present session, proceed to appoint trustees to said seminary; and on motion the report as amend- ed was accepted. On motion resolved that this conference unite in requesting the stockholders of the Seminary at Leb- anon to meet as soon as convenient and so to alter and amend their constitution as to designate the number of trustees for said institution, and the manner of their appointment, more definitely. On motion resolved that the secretary of this con- ference be instructed to furnish the committee of the Illinois Circuit with a copy of the resolutions of this conference on the subject of the Lebanon Seminary. In the meantime let us see what had been taking place at Lebanon between the sessions of conference of 1827 and 1828. At that time Lebanon was a village of about two hundred people on the stage route between St. Louis and Vincennes. At that date it did not have a place in the list of conference appointments, but presumably it was a part of the Shoal Creek Circuit. For that year the preacher in charge was Thomas Randle. Lebanon Methodists, knowing of the action of the conference and believing that the seminary would cer- tainly be established at no distant date, determined to secure its location in their own town. The matter was talked up during the winter and on February 20, 1828 a meeting was held to take definite action regarding the founding of a sem- inary. This action indicates the splendid enterprise and zeal for education of these pioneer Methodists who were deter- mined that their children should have opportunities for mental .md religious culture. The available records do not give the names of those pres- ent at this meeting, but it is fair to suppose that they were the leading citizens of Lebanon and they are doubtless all included in the list of subscribers to the fund raised for found- ing the institution. They discussed the purposes of the school, the raising of funds, the purchase of a site, the kind of building to be erect- ed, and fixed the date of their next meeting for March 1, at which time if the work of securing subscriptions had pro- gressed favorably they would elect a building committee. They discussed three possible sites for the building, the first of which was eventually secured. It consisted of eight acres of land belonging to Richard Bradsby, which was purchased for three dollars an acre — a total of twenty-four dollars. This was the same as the original purchase price of Manhattan Island. While in real estate values Manhattan has outstripped McKendree, the moral values attaching to the latter are such that in the eyes of many they would outweigh the entire wealth of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. Before they adjourned articles of organization were formu- lated and written on paper which is now yellow with age but still preserved in the archives of the college. We give here a complete copy of this document together with the names of all the signers. ARTICLES OF ORGANIZATION I. We, the undersigned, estimating mental improvement of the first importance to a commonwealth, as well as in a polit- ical, moral, and religious view, promise to pay the several sums annexed to our names for the purpose of creating an edifice in, or near, the town of Lebanon, St. Clair County, Illinois, for a seminary of learning, to be conducted as nearly as may be, on the plan of Augusta College, Kentucky, the hall of which shall be designed and used as a house of public worship, when this will not interfere with the design and object of the institution, and on the Sabbath day, II. The property shall be deeded to the Methodist Epis- copal Church for the purpose of safe keeping, and the benefits of incorporation, with this limitation, that it shall never be sold or appropriated to any other uses than as aforesaid, without the consent of all the shareholders. III. Ten dollars shall be the amount of a share, and a certificate from the board, countersigned by the secretary, shall entitle the holder to the benefits of a stockholder, which certificate may be transferred and entitle the holder to all the benefits of the original owner as stockholder. IV. Each shareholder, for each share, shall be entitled to one vote, in all elections for the appointment of such corn- One Hundred and Eight MC KENDREE s g ggyr: a,C xy T ' . •7 . - ' .-- , - -e- - .-r -«i- ' 2,- _0 fiy ■1 Afo,: .. ' V ' i -ti a 7. i ■ i- ' -fi -A t: X . v ,« ' o c y f A facsimile of the original Articles of Confederation written in 1828 One Hundred and A(me .v .i4 ' tT f f- icu ' r,, r c -i rt • Ix OMA. yvu.o-u - . i K ' .CtO.( i .A •dkA- Co. z rx U -rt i Facsimile of the minutes of the stockholders of Lebanon Seminary, now preserved in the College Archives Note the motion which changed the name to McKendree College, and Peter Cartwright ' s signature mittes and other officers elective by a stockholder, to send one scholar for each share, free from house rent and charge for the use of the public library, etc., and also shall be free from charge for fuel. V. The lUinois annual conference is respectfully solicited to take the institution under its fostering care, and take such methods for increasing its funds, and endowing it with pro- fessors, and procuring other means for its advancement as may to them seem best; and it is very desirable that the Missouri annual conference should unite with the Illinois conference and make it a conference seminary for both conferences. VI. Should the annual conference refuse to accept the institution, the quarterly conference of the Illinois Circuit is requested to act in conjunction with the quarterly confer- ences in this district in its support. Each circuit shall have a right to elect one manager, and the stockholders shall elect seven from among themselves whose duty it shall be to solicit donations and subscriptions. They, or a majority of them, shall constitute the board of managers for the governing of the institution, selecting professors and teachers, library, as- tronomical, chemical, and philosophical apparatus, elementary books, etc. They shall regulate the internal economy, fix the price of tuition, specify the terms of the sessions, recess, and vacation, and by their by-laws direct and ordain such rules as may tend to its advancement, good order and respectabiUty. VII. The stockholders shall meet at the school house in Lebanon, on the ist day of March, ensuing, for the purpose of electing a building committee, secretary, and treasurer, de- fining their duty, and specifying compensation for their ser- vices, and to transact such other business as the interests of the institution may require. VIII. The principal building shall not be less than j6 by 48 feet, with two wings of suitable dimensions for conven- ience, to be commenced as soon as $600 is subscribed. The subscription shall be paid to the treasurer in three install- ments, as follows: one fourth on the ist of June, one fourth on the 1st of September, and one half on the ist of December ensuing. IX. In case the conferences do not signify, by special communication to the secretary of the institution, their in- tention to aid the institution by the ist of October, the stockholders shall, on notice, convene and elect a suitable number of managers and other officers, whose power and duties shall be delegated to them by the stockholders. One Hundred and - cn NAME AMOUNT NAME AMOUNT NAME AMOUNT Nicholas Horner $100.00 Asa Hutchinson 1000 Charlotte Sherman 5.00 Nathan Horner 50.00 Prettyman Boyce 10.00 Abigail Scarntt 5.00 A, W. Casad 50.00 Thomas Nichols 10.00 Charles Slade 10.00 David Chamberlm 50.00 Pleasant Nichols 10.00 J. C. Bruner 10.00 Robert Rankin 20.00 Joshua Barnes 10.00 Huey Alexander 10.00 George Lowe 20.00 Robert Abernathy 10.00 Joseph Foulks 10.00 Edward Young 20.00 Robert Moore 10.00 Gen. James Moore 10.00 Charles McDonald 20.00 Theophilus M. Nichols 10.00 Enoch Moore 10.00 Philonidas Balch 20.00 Evan Barnes 10.00 Milton Moore 10.00 Daniel S. Witter 20.00 Elijah Moore 1000 Philip Teter 10.00 John Crocker 20.00 James Porter 10 00 Dempsie Guthrie 10.00 Samuel H. Thompson 20.00 Meredith Journey 10.00 Abner Oliver Kelly 10.00 Wesley Dugger 20.00 Samuel Stites 10.00 Martin L. Allen 10.00 John C. Dugger 20.00 Austin Lyon 5.00 Philip Searcy 10.00 Jarrett Dugger 20.00 Robert Middleton 10.00 Isaac McMahan 10.00 Isaac Ferguson 20.00 Peter Wright 10.00 John Thomas, Jr. 10.00 W. C. Ballard 20.00 John McDonald 10.00 Vision West 10.00 E. B. Clemson 30.00 Jacob Widmer 10.00 David L. West 10.00 John O ' Fallon 10.00 John Thomas, Sr. 10.00 Daniel White 10.00 Charles ColHns 10.00 William Moore 10.00 William Lewis 10.00 Josiah Patterson 10.00 John Springer 10.00 Samuel Mitchell, Sr. 10.00 James S. Simpson 10.00 Thomas Stanton 10.00 William C. Brown 10.00 George McDonald 10.00 Caldwell Morrison 10.00 John Martmdale 10.00 John Lowe 10.00 William Clark 10.00 George Temple 10.00 Silas McCann 10.00 L Baum 10.00 David Lincoln 10.00 William Faires 10.00 Thomas B. Stevens 10.00 George W. Kerr 10.00 Richard Vanorsdol 10.00 James Moore 10.00 Betsey M. Riggin 10.00 Thomas Ray 10.00 William Middleton 10.00 John Dew 10.00 James Riggin 10.00 Adam Vineyard to. 00 Daniel Whittenburgh 10.00 Abram Sublett 10.00 Daussy Boring 10.00 Thornton Peeples 10.00 F. T. Crabb 10.00 William Welsh 10.00 William W. Roman 10.00 Moses Twiss 10.00 John Brake 10.00 Thomas Mather 10.00 C. W. Ennis 10.00 John S. McCann [0.00 T. W. Gray 10.00 Joseph Hypes 10.00 10.00 James McCann, Sr. William Parkinson 10.00 10.00 William Lunceford 10.00 George W. Vineyard $1385.00 The names of the 105 subscribers to the Lehancn Seminary fund. These are the men who made possible the Lebanon Sen and who thus may be classed as the founders of McKendree College One Hundred and Elei IMC KENDREE The original draft of these articles, whose age is now past a full century, the paper yellow and crumbling, but the faded ink still legible, is sacredly preserved in McKendree ' s archives. The list of 105 subscribers is a veritable roll of honor. They deserve recognition as the friends and supporters of education at a time when their humble gifts were worth more to the cause than some of the princely gifts of more recent givers. This document, formulated chiefly by Rev. A. W. Casad, contains several points worthy of notice. In the first place, the seminary was to be conducted as nearly as possible on the plan of Augusta College. From this it appears that these founders intended that the institution should eventually grow into a real college. Then the property was to be deeded to the Methodist Episcopal Church for safe keeping. This indi- cates that they intended it to be a Methodist college. And the fact that the building was to be designed and used as a house of public worship when this will not interfere with the design and object of the institution shows that they expected it to be a religious institution. Both the Illinois and Missouri Conferences were invited to become its patrons, and to a certain extent its managers, because they felt that a church seminary could be more successfully operated with the widest possible cooperation of the church. But in case the conferences did not see fit to take it under their fostering care it was to be placed in part at least under church control in the district in which it was located. The conferences were given until October i to signify their intentions in reference to the enterprise, but the Illinois Conference did not convene until October 9 that year, and when the question of a conference seminary was taken up there did not seem to he a feeling of perfect cordiality toward the Lebanon enterprise. In fact the committee asked to be excused from further service without making any report at all, even tho one member had in his possession a document setting forth the plan of the Lebanon Seminary and asking the conference to elect trustees for it. The conference finally required the committee to make a report, and then instead of electing trustees they passed a motion requesting the stock- holders of the seminary to meet and determine more definitely the number of trustees the institution should have and the manner of their election. During the summer of 1828 some progress was made in the construction of a building. The building committee appointed at the meeting of March i, was Rev. A. W. Ca.sad, George Lowe, and Nathan Horner. These men were all enthusiastic supporters of the enterprise, but there were some difficulties to overcome. Altho $i,j85 had been subscribed it was not paid promptly. In fact by the terms of the subscription it was not all due until December i. It was a lar ger building than any that had yet been undertaken in the village of Leb- anon, and it was not easy to secure mechanics sufficiently skilled to work on such a superior sort of building as this was felt to be. So when October came the building was still far from completion. The March meeting had elected eight trus- tees, namely, Samuel H. Thompson, Nicholas Horner, George Lowe, Theophilus M. Nichols, Joshua Barnes, John Thomas, Sr., Samuel C. Stites, and David S. Witter. After conference the circuit preacher brought word of the action taken there. The responsibility of the next step was not left to the trus- tees alone, but a meeting of all the stock-holders was called. We have no means of knowing just how many came, but there was evidently a quorum and they proceeded to do business- The meeting was held in Lebanon on November 8. After discussing the whole situation they elected a Board of Man- agers consisting of thirty-three members, chiefly but not en- tirely chosen from the list of stock-holders. Every one who had subscribed ten dollars was considered a stock-holder. But a few of those chosen managers were from a wider area and had probably not been solicited. Of this board the Rev. Samuel H. Thompson was made president, David S. Witter, Secretary, and Nathan Horner, Treasurer. Following is the list with their residences From St. Clair County, Rev. John Dew, Joshua Barnes, Colonel Andrew Bankson, James Rig- gin, Thomas Ray, David L. West, Colonel E. B. Clemson. Rev. Samuel Mitchell, William Padfield, and William Brads- by ; from Sangamon County, Rev. Peter Cartwright and Rev. Charles R. Matheny; from Madison County, Rev. Washing- ton C. Ballard, Hall Mason, John C. Dugger, and Major Isaac Ferguson; from Mt. Carmel, Rev. Aaron Wood; from Kaskaskia, Hon. Shadrach Bond; from Kaskaskia Circuit, Rev. Smith L. Robinson; from Hillsboro, John Tillson: from Bond County, Peter Hubbard; from Carlyle, Charles Slade and Pomeroy Easton; from Jackson County, John Logan; from Washington County, Major John Phillips; from Vandalia, Colonel E. C. Berry; from Waterloo. Dr. Thomas Stanton; from Jefferson County, Rev. Zadoc Casey; from St. Louis, Rev. Andrew Monroe, Major John OTallon and George W. Kerr; from St. Louis County, Rev. Alexander McCallister; from Missouri District, Rev. Jesse Green. At this time also an elaborate constitution was formulated, defining in detail the powers and privileges of the organiza- tion; also rules and by-laws were adopted. The nature of the work both elementary and advanced was indicated, pnd the One Hundred and Twelve frlVlc KENDREE ■ r ' X.c X , ,,. ■ rl a -1 6- t , - v .e y; _ .1.. C.y yy . . ... .. .y:.. .. . 1 , .. ,...y- .. t — - CyVL f J l.t _ ' A .. . y a.. ,, ' . . l„ ,, J , . 2 7 ' . s a tr-v X „ «, - - -; , _ _ . . „ _ rny Sz ■V ' - ' Facsimile of a page of the original draft of the Articles of Confederation of Lebanon Seminary These articles are now preserved in McKendree ' s Archives Ont Hundred und Thirteen importance was emphasized of employing teachers who were able not only to teach the common branches but also the higher branches of mathematics, natural and moral philoso- phy, and the Latin and Greek languages. This was in keeping with the provision contained in the original articles, that the seminary should be conducted as near as may be on the plan of Augusta College, Kentucky, which had then been in operation for about five years. Following is a copy of the constitution : ARTICLE I. Agreeable to the design of the original projectors of the aforementioned seminary of learning, said institution shall be placed under the control and management of the Illinois and Missouri Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, or either of said conferences, under the limitations and on the condition hereinafter named: provided said con- ferences, or either of them, shall at any future period accept the same and make it a conference seminary. ARTICLE n. All the property now belonging to the seminary, including the buildings and lands appropriated to the same, or which may be hereafter received by purchase or donation, that has not already been conveyed, shall be conveyed to trustees for the use and benefit of the Methodist Episcopal Church in manner and form as near as may be, agreeable to the deed of settlement contained in the discipline of said church securing the privileges of churches and meeting houses; provided the property aforesaid shall never be sold or appropriated to any other use or uses, than specified by the articles of association, to which the original subscriptions were appended, and pro- vided further that all individual privileges granted and guar ' anteed to share-holders shall by this constitution be secured inviolate. ARTICLE III. For the better organization of said institution and with a view to carry into immediate effect the designs of its patrons and friends, there shall be appointed by the stock-holders, a board of managers, consisting of thirty-three members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who shall have authority to make by-laws to regulate their own proceedings, and whose duty it shall be to regulate the internal concerns of the insti- tution, to appoint the times of sessions and vacations, fix the terms of tuition, elect a president and professors, procure and appoint competent teachers, regulate their salaries, take such measures as to them may seem best, to increase the funds of the institution, and in connection with the professors, attend the public examinations of the students and adopt as they may think proper a system of salutary discipline, and make an annual report of their proceedings and doings as also of the fiscal concerns of the institution. ARTICLE IV. The first meeting of the board of managers under the pro- vision of the foregoing article shall be held on Monday, the loth of November instant. ARTICLE V. There shall be a president, secretary and treasurer, ap- pointed by the stock-holders, who shall be ex-officio members of the board of managers; and at all meetings of the board of managers, seven members shall constitute a quorum to trans- act business, and the president or in his absence, such person as shall be chosen for the time being, shall preside in all meetings of the stock-holders, or of the board of managers. ARTICLE VI. The secretary shall keep a regular journal of all the pro- ceedings of the board of managers, and a regular account of all the receipts and expenditures of the institution, which shall be published with the annual report of the board of managers, signed by the president and countersigned by the secretary. ARTICLE VII. It shall be the duty of the treasurer to receive and account for all moneys which may be collected for the benefit of the institution, including tuition fees and donations or subscrip ' tions, and to open and to keep a regular account with the board of managers, and whenever called upon to exhibit a report of the fiscal concerns, etc., and to honor and pay all orders drawn on him by the board, which orders, when presented shall always be signed by the president and counter- signed by the secretary. ARTICLE VIII. The board of managers shall meet once every quarter, or oftener if they deem it necessary, and shall always, on a call of the professors, having ten days previous notice. ARTICLE IX. The provisions made in the third article of this constitu- tion, for the appointment of managers and defining their powers and duties, shall continue in force until the next annual conference of Missouri and Illinois, and if neither of the conferences at their next sessions should agree to make the above mentioned seminary their conference seminary, then the above regulations contained in the third article aforesaid shall continue in force until altered by the stock- holders. One Hundred and Fourteen MC KENDREE v 7 A reprodu of part of the minutes of a meeting of the stockholders of Lebanon Seminary ARTICLE X. This constitution, except the first and second articles, may be altered or amended after the next meeting of the above named conferences, by a majority of the stock-holders pres- ent, should the conferences refuse or neglect to accept the conditions proposed in the first article. ARTICLE XL Should the conferences above named accept the above con- ditions, there shall be thirty-three managers appointed, one third by the Illinois, and one third by the Missouri Annual Conference, and the other third by the stock-holders, or a majority of those present, convened for the purpose, after twenty days notice. Or in case but one of the above-named conferences should accept the conditions above-named, then said conference so accepting shall have the power to appoint seventeen man- agers, and the stock-holders shall appoint the remaining six- teen, a majority of whom shall always be members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, whose powers and duties shall be the same as those prescribed in the third article of this constitution. ARTICLE XII. Whenever, in the judgment of the board of managers, the interests of the institution shall require it, they shall have power to call a meeting of the stock-holders, and the secre- tary shall be required to give at least ten days previous notice of such meeting, with the objects for which it is called, in as public a manner as possible. The responsibility of the enterprise was now upon the managers. After due deliberation they decided that to have the school in operation was a matter of too great importance to wait for the completion of the building. There were in Lebanon at that time two buildings that had been used for school purposes when some teacher maintained a subscription school. The Illinois Legislature had passed a free school law in 1821, but in 1827 they passed another providing that no citizen should be taxed for education without his written consent. So the free school law was practically nullified. Im- mediately after their meeting of November 8 the Board of Managers proceeded to rent the two small buildings above- mentioned and to employ two teachers. Within the space of two weeks the teachers were secured, Mr. Edward R. Ames and Miss McMurphy, and on November 24, 1828 the Leb- anon Seminary was formally opened for public patronage. During the first term there were seventy-two students en- rolled, five of whom were girls. The tuition charge for the lower branches was fixed at five dollars per session. For the higher branches, including mathematics, natural and moral philosophy, Latin, and Greek, the rate was seven dollars per session. This first school year ran for a period of five months, closing in the latter part of April. This was the first chapter in an educational serial which is still running. It will be noted that McKendree ' s opening antedates that of any other col- lege, now in existence, founded by American Methodism. Dickinson College, founded in 1785, and Allegheny College, founded in 181 5, both in Pennsylvania and both Methodist institutions now, were both established by the Presbyterians and passed to Methodist control the same year, 1835. So that neither can yet show a century of Methodist history. The original Wesleyan University at Middletown, Connecticut, was first opened in 183 1. The other Methodist colleges of earlier date have all passed out of existence, thus leaving McKendree the oldest Methodist college in America. Of the other Illinois schools that lay claim to antiquity Illinois College at Jacksonville was founded m 1829, the next year after McKendree ' s beginning, and Alton Seminary, which later developed into ShurtlefF College, was opened in 1832. Accordingly McKendree may justly lay claim to being the first college in Illinois to complete a century of continuous existence in the same location in which it had its origin. One Hundred and F. l ,. ,y: g c ftMc KEND REE;; : . , .: IT WILL BE seen from the preceding chapter that the institution was not founded by direct official action of the church, but independently by the citizens of Leb- anon, most of whom were Methodists, and they fully ex- pected that the Illinois Conference would accept it as an institution of the Methodist Episcopal Church. As already stated the Conference at the session of 1828, for reasons that do not appear in the record, did not imme- diately take the infant enterprise under its fostering care. So the founders proceeded to execute the plans already formed independently of the conference. This led to the opening of the institution in November, 1828. At the next session of the Conference, at Edwardsville, in September, 1829, a joint committee from the Illinois and Mis- souri Conferences, made report on the subject of a conference seminary, declaring the two conferences able to establish and maintain a seminary superior to any now in operation west of the Wabash River. This remark seems to be a sort of thrust at the institution already founded and in actual oper- ation at Lebanon. The conference accepted the report, ap- proved the plan, and instructed the committee to proceed to select a location for the proposed institution. A communication was read from Mt. Carmel in reference to the site of the seminary. Two days later, September 24, 1829, the committee reported, recommending either Lebanon, Illinois, or Mt. Salubria, Missouri, one mile west of St. Louis. They also presented the following articles of confederation, as a compact between the two conferences and recommended their adoption. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION Between the Illinois and Missouri Annual Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, for the purpose of estab- lishing a joint seminary of learning for both conferences, made and entered into at Edwardsville, Illinois, September 24, 1829, by the Illinois conference on its own part, and by Alexander McAllister, Andrew Monroe, and Jesse Green, delegates empowered to act on the part of the Missouri Conference. ARTICLE I. There shall be by the conferences aforesaid, a seminary of learning located and established at under the following regulations and restrictions. CHAPTER VI. The College and the Church ARTICLE II. The Illinois and Missouri Annual Conferences shall have equal claim to all the rights and privileges, and immunities belonging to and growing out of said seminary of learning. ARTICLE III. It shall be the duty of the said conferences respectively, at each annual session, to appoint a committee of ways and means, to adopt such measures as to them may seem necessary, to raise funds to carry into effect the designs of this confed- eration. And all moneys or other means collected for this purpose shall be subject to the order of the Board of Mana- gers or Trustees, as the case may be, who may be appointed to superintend said institution. ARTICLE IV. Each conference shall annually elect seven trustees who shall constitute a board, who shall have authority to receive conveyances of real estate, and superintend the seminary, transact its business, make all necessary rules and regulations, for their own government, and for the government of the institution, to fill vacancies that may occur in their body dur- ing the year, appoint their own secretary and treasurer, and do all other matters and things pertaining to the management of said institution, provided nothing be done that shall any wise infringe the articles of this confederation. ARTICLE V. Any of the foregoing articles of this confederation may be altered, amended, or rescinded, upon the concurrent majority of each of these conferences agreeing thereto. On motion the conference proceeded to fill by ballot the blank in Article I by determining a location for the seminary. Mt. Salubria, Missouri had a majority over Lebanon, Illinois, and the blank was filled accordingly. This action was all reconsidered and rescinded on the fol- lowing day. Thus a pretentious effort came to naug ht; but the infant institution at Lebanon was in the field to stay and moving steadily along. In 1830, on account of the interest manifested in It by Bishop McKendree, the Board decided to call it the McKendrian College. At the next session of the conference, held at Vincennes, on October 6, i8jo, a committee, consisting of John Strange, Peter Cartwright, George Locke, John Dew, and E. Ray, was appointed, to take into consideration the expediency or in- expediency of adopting the McKendrian College of Illinois as the literary institution of this conference. One Hundred and Si Z) . ' a fil - - . - r jfMC KENDREE r :.. . ..- .. 7 r ' 7 A f , A Facsimile of the minutes of a Stockhc On the same day the committee reported in favor of adopt- ing the McKendrian College, by recommending the following resolutions : 1. That the conference accede to the proposal of the man- agers of the McKendrian College of Illinois, in Lebanon, and agree to adopt the college as a conference seminary. 2. That a committee of three be appointed by this con- ference to appoint a president whose literary and religious qualifications are such as will be a credit to the institution. 3. That each preacher of the conference be required to open subscriptions and solicit donations from the friends of literature within their respective charges,which moneys when collected shall be paid to the person who shall be legally ap- pointed either by this conference or the managers, to super- intend the moneyed concerns of the institution. CSigned) John Strange, Chairman. John Dew, Peter Cartwright, and S. H. Thompson were then appointed a committee to choose a president, acting in conjunction with the Board of Managers. In the record of the next session of the conference, held at Indianapolis in Octo- ber, 183 1, the only reference to the college was the appoint- ment of Peter Cartwright to receive money collected for Lebanon Seminary and forward it to the trustees. In 1832 the conference met at Jacksonville, Illinois. At this session the Lebanon Seminary was again formally adopted by the conference in resolutions presented by S. H. Thompson and Peter Cartwright, and the latter was ap- pointed to act as agent for it. At the next session held in 1833 at Union Grove, in St. Clair County, we find the first evidence that the conference really felt some proprietorship in the institution, from the fact that they elected six managers to the Lebanon Sem- inary. The men chosen were John H. Dennis, William G. McKee, Dr. Nathan M. McCurdy, Samuel H. Thompson, John Dew, and John S. Barger. On September 29, during the same session, the conference was informed that the Rev. ilders Meeting held Nov. 24, 1828 Peter Akers had been elected president of the Lebanon Sem- inary and Smith L. Robinson and James S. Mitchell as agents for the Lebanon Seminary, by the Board of Managers. On the next day a committee of five, consisting of John Dew, John S. Barger, M. S. Taylor, Simon Peter, and Samuel H. Thompson, appointed at the preceding conference, to exam- ine into the conditions of the Conference Seminary, made a rather lengthy report of which we quote certain portions: That the Seminary building is in an encouraging state of progress toward completion, and probably will be ready for occupancy against the first of December next. This building was begun in 1828 and it was supposed to have been pushed vigorously by the enthusiastic founders, yet after five years time and five actual sessions of the school, it was still in some way incomplete. Another paragraph of the report read as follows : That It is the desire of the Board to have connected m some way with the seminary, a semi-monthly literary and religious periodical; that they desire the preachers of this con- ference to act as agents in procuring subscribers, etc.; and that they will take upon themselves the responsibility of publishing such a periodical, reserving to themselves the right of the net proceeds, if any, to the interests of the seminary. The committee also presented the following resolution: That we agree to act as agents for a literary and religious periodical, contemplated to be published by, and to be under the control and superintendence of the Board of Managers of the Lebanon Seminary of the Illinois Annual Conference, but that this Conference will not take on themselves in any way the responsibility of publishing such a periodical. This resolution was promptly adopted by the conference, with much more unanimity than another that came up at the same session to the effect that all members of the con- ference be permitted to wear only plain straight-breasted coats. It was adopted by a vote of twenty-one to eleven. We have no record as to whether the minority conformed to the action of the majority or not. One Hundred a-ni. Seventeen MC KENDREE i w HE FIRST principal of the institution was Edward Raymond Ames. He was born near Amesville, Ohio, May 20, 1806. He attended college at Athens, Ohio, a state institution, but here he came under religious influence which had a lasting effect on his life and work. This was in 1827. The next year he left college without completing the course, to become the first principal of Lebanon Seminary. It was his first experience in teaching, but he devoted himself to the task with an earnestness that insured success. He was not in the work primarily for the monetary reward, for his entire salary for the first year ' s work was only one hundred and fifteen dollars. He did not give up the job on account of the meager return in money, but accepted an appointment for the second year at twenty- five dollars a month, which was a very modest increase of ten dollars for the year, or a total of one hundred and twenty-five dollars for his second year ' s salary. Before the end of the sec- ond year he reached the conclusion that he was called to the ministry and decided to be a preacher of the gospel instead of a teacher. The preacher in charge of the Lebanon Circuit that year was John Dew, who afterward served a term as president of McKendree; and the presiding elder was Peter Cartwright. He doubtless talked the matter over with these men and they were convinced of the genuine- ness ofhis call to preach. But tho he was a man of fine physique and commanding appearance, and might have made a splendid athlete, he was exceedingly timid and dis- trustful of his own ability. So that while no member of the quarterly conference to which his name was presented for recommendation, had any doubt of his sincerity, some who had known him for two years did not believe he had certain necessary abilities in sufficient degree to make him a successful circuit rider. When the vote was taken on the question of granting him a license to preach, it was a tie. Peter Cart- wright refused to exercise his prerogative as presiding officer to decide the question. So it was dropped and the conference passed to other business. It so happened that an aged colored man, who was a local preacher, belonged to the Lebanon church. In fact there were eighteen colored members reported for the charge in the minutes for that year. This man, as local preacher, was a member of the quarterly conference but for CHAPTER VII. Early Developments reasons of his own had not attended the meeting that day. One of the brethren happened to look out of the window and saw him going by on a load of wood. He ran out, hailed him, and urged him to come in to the meeting because, said he, we need you. When the old man had taken his seat in the meeting the pastor asked the chairman to refer back to the question of the rec ommendation of Mr. Ames. It was done and they voted again. The result was a majority of one vote in favor of granting the license. Thus the vote of a colored man made Edward R. Ames a preacher and the General Con- ference of 1852 made him a bishop. The Illinois Conference met in the fall of 1830 at Vincennes, Indiana. At that time it included within its bounds both the states of Illinois and Indiana. It convened on the thirtieth day of September. For some unavoid- able reason the bishop failed to reach the seat of the conference. The brethren proceeded at once to elect Samuel H.Thompson president pro tern. He presided during the entire con- ference and he, with the presiding elders, made the appointments for that year. Mr. Ames was admitted on trial as one of a group of seventeen young men who came in that year. One of the number was Wm. D. R. Trotter, who afterward became the son-in-law of Peter Cartwright and also has the distinc- tion of being the first man to receive the Bachelor ' s Degree from McKendree College. Another member of this class was Simeon Walker who was the father of Levi Walker who for several years carried the Southern Illinois conference cane which was the gift of Jotham A. Scarritt and is supposed to be always in the custody of the oldest living member of the conference. When the appointments were read, John Dew, who had been in charge of Lebanon the year before, was pastor of Shoal Creek Circuit with Edward R. Ames as junior preacher. Dew had been associated with Ames more or less during the previous year and possibly he had asked to have him as his associate on the big circuit. This was in the Kaskaskia District and the presiding elder was Samuel H. Thompson, who was chairman of the Board of Managers of the Lebanon Seminary, so that he was not entirely among strangers. As far as ' the records indicate he made a success of his work as a circuit rider m spite of his timidity. One writer says of him, He BISHOP AMES First Principal of Lebanon Seminary One Hundred and Eight had a strong voice, and spoke with great oratorical power and pathos. Great revivals everywhere attended his preach ' ing. His strong characteristics were quickness, clearness and comprehensiveness of perception, an unbending will, and an intuitive perception of human character. In generalship he had few equals and no superiors in the church he served. When the Illinois Conference was divided in 1832 he fell in the division that became the Indiana Conference and re- mained in that body until he was raised to the episcopacy in 1852. He died in Baltimore April 25, 1879. Miss McMurphy, who was Mr. Ames ' assistant m the first two years of the life of the seminary, was the subject of a complimentary resolution in the Board meeting at the close of the first school year. This may have been partly an effort to compensate for the lack of salary since the total amount of money she received for her year ' s work was eighty-three dol- lars and thirty-three cents. The resolution introduced by Colonel Clemson reads as follows: Resolved, that after a fair and full examination, this Board approve the system on which Miss McMurphy teaches the Enghsh language, and that they consider her eminently qualified as a teacher in that branch of science. It seems that this lady and her system were particularly admired by the gallant Colonel, for we find in another part of the record the statement that Colonel Clemson submitted sundry resolutions concerning Miss McMurphy ' s system of teaching grammar. The Board seems to have winked at this partiality by appointing him a committee to wait on the lady with a proposal for her employment for another year. The record shows that she was employed for the second year at the same salary as Mr. Ames, namely twenty-five dollars a month. Our records do not furnish any further history of Mi.ss McMurphy after two years ' service as a member of the faculty in the Seminary. The election of Rev. Peter Akers as president, is recorded in the minutes of the Board of Managers for September 27, iSjj. This is the first mention in the records of a president. Mr. Ames is designated as Principal of the Seminary. In March, 1830 at a meeting of the Board of Managers, presided over by Peter Cartwright, a resolution was passed changing the name of the school from Lebanon Semin ary to McKen- dree College in honor of Bishop McKendree and in consider- ation of a gift which he promised in the form of a bequest of certain lands which he possessed in Shiloh Valley. This name is used sometimes in the records of the Board after that date, but for the most part, both there and in the conference rec- ords it was still called Lebanon Seminary for several years. From time to time several members of the conference were appointed to act as financial agents for the college, sometimes in certain specified fields. The Board at one time requested that Mr. Ames be appointed in that capacity, probably with the idea that by reason of his two years ' service as head of the institution, he was better acquainted with its needs than any other member of the conference. The condition of the finances may be inferred from the fact that Mr. Ames did not receive the balance of his salary until November, 1830. At a meeting in the month of April, 1830, the Board author- ized the Committee of Superintendence to use their own judgment m employing a principal and assistant for the com- ing year. There is no record now extant as to how they exercised their judgment, or who was at the head of the school from the close of Mr. Ames ' term of service some time in the summer of 1830 until the election of Peter Akers September 27, 1833. The most reasonable supposition seems to be that the institution was under the general supervision of the pastor of the Lebanon Circuit. The pastors appointed to Lebanon in those years were: 1830, Stith M. Otwell; 183 1, John Dew; 1832, Smith L. Robinson. The record of the con- ference minutes in 1833 shows that Samuel H. Thompson was appointed pastor of the Lebanon charge, Peter Akers Pres- ident of Lebanon Seminary, James Mitchell travelling agent for Lebanon Seminary in this state and Missouri, and Smith L. Robinson agent for the Seminary thruout the United States except Illinois and Missouri. Mr. Akers took charge of the school after conference in the fall of 1833. We have no record of the enrollment at that time nor of other members of the faculty, except that later in the year John N. Coleman was employed as a teacher in the seminary at a salary of $75 for the present session. There is also evidence that girls were enrolled as students from the fact that Mrs. Peter Akers was employed, by action of the Board in April, 1834, as principal teacher of the female department, acting under the superintendence of the president of the seminary. About this time the Board ordered that there should be a charge of twenty-five cents additional for each student whose parent or guardian is not a stock-holder in the seminary, for house rent and fuel. In January, 1834, legislation was passed by the Board indicating that President Akers was about to with- draw from the position. It was suggested that an effort be made to secure either a single man or a man with a small family, from Augusta College, who would be capable of con- ducting the institution. It is not so stated in the records, but the inference is that the six hundred dollar salary was not sufficient to provide a comfortable support for Mr. Facsimile of a motion passed by the Akers ' family. However in February another meeting was held at which the president ' s salary was increased from six hundred to seven hundred dollars a year. Then two months later when Mrs. Akers was employed as a teacher her salary was fixed at fifty dollars per session and since there were two sessions a year this would bring the family income up to eight hundred dollars a year. This seemed to be sufficient for present needs. It was during the administration of President Akers that Rev. Learner B. Stateler of the Missouri Conference came with the request that the Lebanon Seminary take two or three Indian boys from Missouri to educate free of charge. The president was not disposed to take the responsibility of deciding the question himself so he called a meeting of the Board and referred the matter to them. After due deliberation the Board requested Mr. Akers to notify the gentleman from Missouri that they regret their inability to educate the In- dian boys gratuitously, either in whole or in part, but they would be willing to take them on the established terms of the institution. This settled the matter and the Indian boys did not come. In September, 1834, there was some legislation in regard to the price of board. We find the statement that when bedding and laundry are furnished by the student the price of board and lodging shall be one dollar, twelve and a half cents a week, and the table shall at all times be well supplied with good wholesome food, well cooked, in sufficient quantity and suitable variety. It was also stated that hereafter no student shall be ad- mitted without paying the price of tuition per session and one third the price of board per session in advance, or giving such security for the payment thereof as shall be satisfactory to the Board. It was in the fall of i8j4 that the Board began discussing the matter of a charter from the state. The school had been in operation for six years, was looked upon as a permanent institution and it was felt that this recognition from the state would be an advantage to the struggling young school. So the Board requested President Akers to draft a memorial to the Legislature praying the grant of a charter to this institution. The story of the charters received from the Legislature by McKendree will be told in another chapter. Also a sketch of Stock -holders of Lebanon Seminary the life of President Akers is given elsewhere in this work and there will be later reference to him since he was twice re-elected to the presidency in the later history of the insti. tution. However, we give here an incident in college life which gives some idea of his unswerving purpose that the school over which he presided should in fiict be a Christian institution. A CALLED MEETING OF THE BOARD At the request of the President of the college, Rev. Peter Akers, a meeting of the Board was called on June 4, 1834. When the body had assembled, the following communication was read by Dr. Akers, touching the moral conduct of the students, which may reflect something of the spirit of the times: To the Board of Managers of Lebanon Seminary, Dear Brethren : Suffer me to call your attention to a subject of vital importance to this institution, of which you are the guardians and patrons. It is understood that this is the Con- ference Seminary of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Illi- nois; over which you have called a travelling preacher to preside as your representative, and whom the conference, according to the Discipline of the church, has appointed to that office. The church, therefore, and the public generally, have a right to expect that the moral discipline and govern- ment of the institution shall be creditable to the church, and exert a salutary influence over the youth of our church and common country. That this expectation might be realized has been the prayer of the present administrator of the govern- ment of the seminary. And to render some service to the church and community in this way (and not merely to secure a subsistence for himself and family) was the leading motive with him in taking charge of the institution. But it must be obvious to every one that in order to sustain the pretentions of the institution, and answer the wishes and expectations of the friends of literature and morality, the Board of Man- agers should, both by precept and example, authorize their representative, the president of the institution, to employ such discipline as may be requisite for the promotion of the avowed object of the institution. The present incumbent had supposed that he was sufficiently authorized in the matter. One Hundred and Twenty by the general spirit of the hy-Iaws of the seminary, as s.inc- tioned by a special committee of the Board, and that he would always find himself abundantly sustained and aided in his efforts to promote the morality of the institution, by the ministers and members of the church that turned him from darkness into light, and from the power of Satan unto God. But he is sorry to have to say to the Board, that a recent occurrence has very much shaken his hope concerning a suffi- ciently extensive and practical co-operation for promoting the morality of the school. On last Wednesday afternoon, his department, with the exception of his own son, brother-in-law, and George Peeples, was entirely vacated. And several boys were also absent at the same time from the primary department. On making the necessary inquiry it was ascertained that they were all m town attending the circus. It was also ascertained on suitable inquiry, that with the exception of two or three young men and one small boy, they all had perynission of their parents to go to the circus! Of these parents nearly all are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and some of them are mem- bers of your Board of Managers. I cannot well describe the mortification, or rather crucifixion, experienced by the ad- ministrator of the laws of this institution, when he attempted to speak to the pupils on wholesome discipline and sound morality. The students felt that they were safely fortified, not only by the current opinion and custom of a great part of the non-professing community, but also by the acknowl- edged sentiment of their own professing parents; some of whom had elected to office the public servant then attempting a feeble moral lecture, m such circumstances as gave the hearers a decided victory over the speaker. He felt that his situation was critical in the extreme. Moral sentiment and the reputation of the Seminary, and of Methodism connected with it, were at once involved. He therefore concluded by ' . informing the students that the Managers would shortly be called upon to determine officially upon the merits of such conduct in reference to the future. That if they should agree with the speaker in moral sentiment on such subjects, and would give a practical illustration of the same, then in all similar cases of trespass the delinquents might assuredly ex- pect suitable punishment, even to expulsion from the institu- tion. But that if the Managers should judge differently and choose not to adopt a measure quite so hostile to the Devil and his own country, the carnal mind, then as a conscientious man, having failed in the proper business on which he came to the institution, the speaker would immediately hand in his resignation. The writer of this unvarnished communication does not think It necessary to add a single argument m proof of the diabolical nature and grossly corrupting tendency of the cir- cus, and of all similar sports. They are the every day and Sunday School of the Devil, and his travelling missionaries, supported by the voluntary contributions of all, both parents and children, who are friendly, for the time being, to such institutions. Nor is it thought necessary to enlarge on the manifest inconsistency of sending the same children to a Christian Sabbath school and to the Sabbath school of Hell. Neither is it now the business of the writer to say to the Board all that probably should be said to professors gen- erally, who when they gather not with Christ scatter abroad. I have delivered my own soul. Your servant for Christ ' s sake, Peter Akers. After the reading of this communication by their worthy college president, the Board adopted a strong resolution au- thorizing the Faculty to use vigorous measures to enforce all the provisions of the institution for the proper restraint of wayward students. At the close of the year Dr. Akers re- sumed the work of the circuit rider. Reproduction of the i passed by the Trustees of Lebanon Seminary at the close of the first session yMC KENDRE gg ; ::S j... J - f y f !L — „ , Facsimile of the statement of hills of tuition for the fi ' T C.2 i y H rst session ot the Lebanon Seminary. The original is in McKendree ' s archives One Hundred iirid IwinlyTwo g s REV. JOHN DEW Rev. John Dew was the president during the two years 1836-1838. He was prominent among the early circuit riders and better educated than most of them, tho not a college graduate. A sketch of him appears in the chapter on Early Methodist Leaders . He showed himself a leader among his contemporaries in the church of that period. Had his life not ended at fifty-one, while he was still in the prime of usefulness, his influence would no doubt have been more far reaching and he would have occupied a larger place in the history of the college and the church. It was under his leadership that McKendree first began to assume the character of a college rather than a mere preparatory school. Dr. Akers had secured the charter and Mr. Dew felt that there ought to be a college trained faculty. Looking to that end he secured two young men who had just graduated from the Wesleyan at Middletown, Connecticut — Annis Merrill and James W. Sunderland. They were fresh from an eastern college and were ambitious to pass on their college culture to the people of this new western country. Now for the first time departments of instruction were or- ganized in the institution. The president took charge of the department of English Literature, Professor Merrill, of An- cient Languages and Literature, and Professor Sunderland, of Mathematics and Science. Besides these there was a Prepara- tory Department in which there were two teachers. Rev. John S. Barger, principal, and Wesley Bennett, assistant. In August, i8j7, appeared the first printed catalog the college issued. It has twelve pages. It gives the names of the sixteen trustees, ten of whom were laymen; executive com- mittee; conference visitors; financial agents; and auditor. Then after the faculty, is a list of the students, twenty-two college and fifty-one preparatory. Then follows a statement of the course of study and instruction, and announcement of the examinations, public exhibitions, and vacations. This is followed by a table of expenses including tuition, room, board, wood, lights, and washing, which is estimated at a total of $87.50 to $99.50 a year. We quote several other interesting statements found in it. It is earnestly recommended that students shall not be authorized to contract any debts. All students will furnish their own beds and furniture. No student will be admitted to the college classes who is under fourteen years of age, and unless he is personally known to some member of the faculty, he must present a certificate of good moral character. Im- moral or disorderly conduct is always considered a sufficient reason for directing the student to leave the institution. ANNIS MERRILL Annis Merrill was the younger brother of John Wesley Merrill. He was born in 1810 and graduated from the Wes- leyan in 1835. He came to McKendree one year earlier and staid one year later than his brother, and so spent six years of service in the college. In 1842 he decided to take up the profession of law. He went to Boston and spent several years in legal studies, and then in 1849 when multi ' tudes were smitten with the gold fever he went along with the maddening crowd to California. He settled at San Fran- cisco and made that his home for the remainder of his life. He was concerned more, however, with the application of the law than with gold digging. When civilization had been established and the church gained a place he was always identified with the First Methodist Church in San Francisco. For many years he was the teacher of a large men ' s Bible class in that church, and it was said that he prepared each Sunday ' s lesson as carefully as he would a plea before the Supreme Court. He was elected a lay delegate to the General Confer- ence of 1876. He was one of the founders of the University of the Pacific and for many years was the president of the board of trustees of that institution. He acquired consider- able wealth in his long life. He was a man of great vitality, which he preserved so well that he was able to spend ninety- five years m this world. He left not only a fair fortune but a good name as a legacy to his children. JAMES WARREN SUNDERLAND James Warren Sunderland was born at Exeter, Rhode Island, February 9, 1813. He was graduated from the Wes- leyan University at Middletown, Connecticut in i8j6 and the same year was elected Professor of Mathematics and Science at McKendree. His term of service ran parallel with that of Professor Merrill. They had been friends during their college course and were friendly colleagues in educational work in this western educational enterprise. He had a good reputation in every respect while at McKendree. In the opin- ion of the students he seemed to be above reproach. Johnson Pierson, a member of the class of 1841 at McKendree, testified m a letter written soon after his graduation and still preserved in the archives of the college, to the extremely high regard in which Professor Sunderland was always held by the students . The students were willing at times to play pranks on the professors and make uncomplimentary remarks about them in their absence, but never about Prof. Sunderland. He tried to resign his position several times, probably on account of the unsatisfactory salaries paid to the faculty in those days, but the board would refuse to accept h is resignation, re-elect him and One Hundred and TwentyThree . : B : JAMES WARREN SUNDERLAND finally persuade him to stay another year. He did this un- til the commencement of 1843, when he refused to re- consider. When the Board could hold him no longer, they placed in the minutes a highly complimentary reso- lution expressing the high re- gard in which they held him. From McKendree he went to Ursinus College at Col- legeville, Pennsylvania, where he maintained a long and honorable educational career, and where he also spent his years of retirement after he had finished his years of active service. He died on April 9, 1904, at the age of ninety -one. Since it is not a long one, we give the list of students in this first catalog, as nearly as possible in the form in which they appear in the catalog. STUDENTS COLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT NAMES RESIDENCE John Baker Lebanon Asahel Brown Macoupin County Samuel K. Casey Jefferson County James Y. Clemson Caledonia D. B. C. Cossitt Lebanon R. T. Cunningham William Edgar Rapides Parish, La. Henry H. Horner Lebanon William Jeter Louisville, Ky. Jeremiah Johnson Lebanon Thomas Leonard William T. Lucky Belleville Robert H. Mason Madison County William P. Mattox Clinton County Napoleon B. MuUikin St. Louis, Mo. Benjamin Norman St. Clair County Elihu McKendree Peter White Hall Johnson Pierson Burlington, W. T. Andrew Ray Salem Eli Robinson Carlinville John Scott Shiloh Joseph H. Tam Logansport, Iowa PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT Grafton Baker Lebanon William Baker James H. Barger Wesley Bennett Clarksburg, Va. St. Louis, Mo. Palmyra, Mo. Lebanon St. Louis, Mo. Lebanon Charles H. Bradford Lebanon William E. Bradford Joseph P. Chamberlain Samuel E. Chamberlain Franklin C. Coons E. S. Cossitt Alexander Covington J. W. Cunningham Levi L. Dunlap Dennis M. Foulks Ezra L. Foulks Samuel Foulks Theodore L. Gray William Gray Henderson Isbel James R. Isbel John H. Kavanaugh Joseph T. Kingston Harvey Lasley William Leonard F. M. Mattox John D. Miles William Miles Jerome B. MuUikm Alfred Padon John Penn William Penn Daniel E. Pierce James A. Pierce Elbridge J. Potter William B. Riggin James A. Roman William Roman William J. Ross Samuel Stites A. B. Sublett J. H. Sublett Cyrus F. Temple George D. Temple James Twiss William Twiss Ira Wakefield Union Grove J. D. Walton St. Louis, Mo. William D. Walton St. Louis, Mo. John H. Welch Lebanon Robert Vineyard Collegiate Department 22 Preparatory Department 51 Total St. Clair County Galliopolis, Ohio Lebanon Clinton County Lebanon St. Louis, Mo. Ridge Prairie Lebanon Shiloh Burlington, W. Lebanon One Hundred and Twenty-Fow MC KENDREE CHAPTER VIII. President McrrilVs Administration 7 ' oHN Wesley Merrill was born at H 1 Chester, New Hampshire, May g, 1808. His father, Rev. Joseph Merrill was a Methodist circuit rider and named his oldest son after the founder of Methodism. This son grew up on various New England circuits, but in spite of this secured a good education. The father was a trustee of the Wesleyan Univer- sity at Middletown, Connecticut and was wiUing to sacrifice that his sons might be col- lege graduates. John W. graduated from Wes- leyan m i8j4 and from the theological sem- inary in 1837. He then decided to take a trip in the west as a means of recuperation of his health. His brother Annis had been for a year Professor of Ancient Language JOHN WESLEY MERRILL at McKendree, and he thought it would be interesting to visit his brother and this new seat of learning in the wilderness of the west. Mr. Mer- rill himself describes his journey to Lebanon in a very inter- esting manner, in a communication to an educational con- vention held at McKendree in 1868. We quote from it as follows: In September 1837 my ten years ' continuous course of study at the Wesleyan Academy at Wilbraham, Bowdoin College in Maine, Wesleyan University in Connecticut, and Andover Theological Seminary in Massachusetts, had closed and left me in such a state of health as to require immediate change. In three weeks after my graduation I concluded to visit my brother in the west. It was a long, slow journey. We glided down the winding Connecticut River, into Long Is- land Sound, under the silvery light of the moon; then d arted by rail from New York to Philadelphia, then slowly clam- bered over the Alleghenies to the Ohio River. We had an eighteen day voyage down the Ohio and up the Mississippi on a steam boat which was bringing home several western Congressmen and twenty Sioux Indians, all of whom were objects of deep interest to me. A new world reposed between the Alleghenies and the Rockies and now my wondering eyes beheld it. I spent the Sabbath at St. Louis and on Monday afternoon took the stage for Lebanon. My travelling com- panion on the way was a Jew — and where is not the wan- dering Jew? At my request he sang a solemn song in Hebrew from the Psalms. It touched my heart, and I longed that the scattered song of the Father of the Faithful might come to that faith in the Lord Christ which avails to salvation. We had come late to the little village of Lebanon. It was a dark night and my first view was sufficiently draped, and my first impres- sions sufficiently obscure. I was soon invited to the hospitable roof of Mr. Nathan Horner where he and his estimable lady made me both welcome and happy. On the next day, with out taking time to examine the village or its surroundings, as Professor Merrill had delay- ed in New England to bring his family to Leb- anon, and as the college session had already begun, I immediately went to the college and took charge of my brother ' s classes, intending so to do until his arrival two weeks later. On Wednesday, urged to preach in the college chapel, I did so. On Saturday, riding out to Shiloh, I was induced by Rev. J. S. Barger to preach on the Sabbath forenoon. In the evening returning, I entered my room at Mr. Horner ' s, whence I came out only after about five weeks of suffering with the bilious fever. I shall never forget those weeks of prostration and pain; nor the kind at- tention of that true mother in Israel, Mrs. Horner, and of her children. The students daily brought me a pitcher of cold water from the college well, to cool my burning lips, and watched at my bedside in the solitary night. My calamity was their opportunity to bind my grateful heart to the family, the students, and the stranger land to which I had wandered. The second time I learned to walk; and as soon as possible, sitting down to rest by the wayside three or four times, both to and from the college, I taught my brother ' s classes, intend- ing to go south in two or three weeks. But two or three months slipped by and the Trustees came together one day (Ja nuary 1, 1838) and elected me a professor and president of the college. I soon braided in with the golden cords already there, and we prevailed in the work before us. About fifty students were then in both departments of the college. I need not say with what interest and devotion I entered upon my work. I had the fond vision of a Harvard on the banks of the Mississippi unrolled before my thoughts. True the college edifice looked dingy enough with its two little wings, its tinkling bell, and its three or four log cabins joined on in the rear, where most of the students, from abroad, boarded. One Hundred and Twenty-Five lodged, and studied. It stood indeed in thickets where the sly panther could scarcely find his way, save in front and on the east. So the thickets must give way and spare an open campus. On one set day a clique of villagers and not- able trustees, the fifty students, and the faculty, headed by the president, with chains and levers, axes and hoes, crowbars and grubbers, hatchets and brush-scythes, and other like pan- oply, entered the college premises, not as the crafty Ulysses in Calypso ' s isle cut timbers for his hidden craft, but as some bold phalanx in a contest. Dido ' s Tyrians were not a busier crowd. And ere the sun set, some cutting down the trees, others cutting with scythes the undergrowth, while these pried and dug up the stumps, and those bore away the wood and rubbish, an open space was cleared on the crown of the college grounds. The glee and shouts and antics then would provoke a smile on features braver than Cyrus ' bravest gen- erals. The sun that night went down with joy and evening wept less copious tears. The forest yielded to the classic axe. The noble hickories and oaks were left for monuments and shade. Here let me advert to the literary labors of the college m the four years of my connection with it. The work was as- signed to the professors and the best methods of study, reci- tations and reviews, used in the older colleges were adopted. A kind but strict discipline was preserved. Examinations at the ends of the terms and the years, were instituted, and these usually continued one week each. Exhibitions of orig- inal productions, accompanied the examinations at the close of the terms and at the anniversaries. General harmony pre- ailed. There were few cases of discipline and those requiring dismission were extremely rare. Study, cheerfulness, and good order were characteristics of the college. At sunrise and near sunset, for four years, I met the students in the chapel for religious services. There were often seasons of spiritual re- freshing from the presence of the Lord. The scriptures were read, a hymn was sung and prayer offered. God was pleased to visit the institution with several revivals of religion, and many students as well as others shared in its blessings. Learn- ing and religion mated well together. It happened to me not only to do the work assigned by the trustees, but where there seemed a want, there I applied my strength. It thus occurred that the first class to graduate read most of their college Greek with me. They read all of the first volume of the Majora and most of the second, besides they read the Medea and twelve books of Homer ' s Iliad. Few classes in the older col- leges read more Greek than this. It was found that the powers of our college charter were too narrow, and as it seemed de- sirable to introduce professorships in Sacred Literature, Eccle- siastical History, and Theology, as well as chairs in the other professions, it was suggested by me, that that end could be secured in a new charter, and it was agreed by the trustees to ask of the Legislature power to estabHsh professorships in all the learned professions, and this power was generously and amply granted. When we had obtained the new charter, the senior class read with me one exercise in the gospels a week exegetically. Our students studied so diligently and the examinations were so satisfactory, that on the graduation of this class the college had taken a high literary rank in the state, and the number of our students was about one hundred and twenty-two during the year. This graduation occurred in August 1 84 1. About one year before this time I had been unanimously elected as professor of Sacred Literature in the Biblical Institute, then in its organic incipiency at Newbury, Vermont, which after a sojourn of twenty years at Concord, New Hampshire, finally settled down in the bosom of Boston. As for years this object had been almost as dear to my heart as life itself, I decided to accept jt, Thus closed my brief, laborious, and interesting connection with McKendree College. After teaching in the Theological School until 1868 Dr. Merrill became a pastor for a few years and retired from ac- tive service in 187J. However his long life of usefulness was by no means finished. His earthly career finally closed at the end of the nineteenth century when he was ninety-two years old. In 1896 Dr. M. H. Chamberlin, then president of Mc- Kendree, had a long correspondence with him. Dr. Merrill referred to the great satisfaction he had had in the water from the college well, when he lay sick at the home of Nathan Horner. Accordingly Dr. Chamberlin bottled up several gal- lons of water from the old well and shipped them to him by express. He was greatly delighted and claimed that he could recognize the unmistakable flavor of the water from the old well which is fifty feet deep and was dug in 1835- The aged theologian then wrote a poem entitled The College Well which was set to music by the Oliver Ditson Company of Boston and copies were furnished the McKendree Glee Club, who sang it frequently in their public concerts. Dr. Chamberlin hoped that it would become a popular col- lege song among the students, but the tune did not prove to be well adapted to the uses of the non-professional singer, so today it is well-nigh forgotten. One Hundred and Tw MC KENDREE s: ..;, .:;, McKENDREE Ho! ding dong goes the college bell! Now gather, students, around the well. The bucket living water brings From the deep moss tunnel ' d springs. From the wild gourd or cocoa shell Drink kindly greeting or farewell. With waters of the college well. The old McKendree College Well. Oft have you drunk its cooling lymph. Both man and lad and college nymph. As sparkling from its hidden cell. Its smooth, sweet waters tasted well. When from the gourd or cocoa shell. You drank kind greeting or farewell. In waters from the college well. The old McKendree College Well. JUDGE WILLIAM BROWN Judge William Brown was the other member of the faculty that carried the first McKendree class through to graduation. We have less information about him than any of the others. But all that we do know about him is to his credit. He was a lawyer in Jacksonville, Illinois, before he came to the college. His field of instruction was Economics and Political Science. He was a member of the committee appointed to visit the Legislature in the effort to secure a new charter at the beginning of the year 1839. His two able addresses deliv- ered in the Hall of Representatives to the first Legislature that convened in Springfield, seemed to have won the atten- tion and approval of all who heard them. The members of the Legislature were so favorably impressed that they appropri- ated funds to have them printed for free distribution through- out the state. It is likely that he, more than any other member of the committee was responsible for the success of their mission to the Legislature. He also served as field agent for the college in one of the attempts to endow it with scholarships. His later years were spent in law practice at Jacksonville. In the first few years of the history of McKendree, the school did not claim to be more than a seminary. Higher education existed only in its plan, not in its practice. The first students were all of elementary grade and there was no college graduate in its faculty until the Merrills and Sun- derland came. The most of the students had far outstripped their parents if they finished a preparatory course ready for college entrance. So it is not strange that no class went so far as to complete a college course until 1841. At that time these men, fresh from a New England college themselves, doubtless COLLEGE WELL Deep in the earth God hid these waters. For all McKendree ' s sons and daughters. Thousands have drunk their cooling lymph. Old men and lads and college nymph. All who drank, from last to first. Have quenched the burning of their thirst, With waters from the college well, The old McKendree College Well. We ' ll seek no springs of Hilicon, Of Castala or Lebanon, There gush from earth the cooling springs. That comfort to the thirsty brings, As they drink from flask or shell. The kindly greetings or farewell, In waters from the college well. The old McKendree College Well. held the same high standards in their work which they had seen maintained in the eastern institution. This first class carrying off their diplomas thirteen years after the institution was founded deserve all the distinction they will receive if we devote a chapter to them. However, the degrees conferred on the August day in 1841 were not the very first degrees the institution had bestowed. The corporation first exercised the powers granted to it by its state charter to confer degrees, by bestowing upon the Rev. Peter Akers, former president of the college, the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. This was done on the thirteenth day of August, 1839. On the same day the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon the Rev. Professor William M. Dailey, of St. Charles College in Missouri. A clause in the charter provided that any person present- ing himself for examination upon the entire course of study, if he could satisfactorily pass in all the subjects might receive the Bachelor ' s Degree without having attended as a resident student. In 1840 Rev. William D. R. Trotter presented him- self as an applicant for a degree under the above rule. Pres- ident Merrill, as chairman of the examining committee, re- ported to the Board that Mr. Trotter had successfully passed the required examinations and that he was recommended by the faculty for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. It was granted. So that the very first degree McKendree granted was the Doctor ' s degree to Peter Akers, the first Master ' s degree to Professor Dailey, and the first Bachelor ' s degree to Mr. Trot- ter, who was a son-in-law of Peter Cartwright and a Metho- dist circuit rider. But the first Bachelor ' s degrees earned in One Hundred and Twent -Sei ■csiS S SrS the usual way were those granted to the seven young men who constituted the class of 1841. They all received Bachelor of Arts degrees, as the Bachelor of Science was not conferred until some years later. That first commencement day was on the eighteenth of August and President Merrill describes it as follows: The members of the graduating class were Richard F. Cunningham, Henry H. Horner, Jeremiah Johnson, William T. Lucky, Johnson Pierson, Eli Robinson, and William Weer. Their examinations had been passed with credit. Their ora- tions had been prepared, and in a grove hard by the college premises, over the road nearly in front of the college grounds, a stage had been erected, and here the exhibitions of the three lower classes had passed off well. The commencement day had arrived, a large crowd had assembled, the trustees and visitors were on the stage with the faculty, the senior class, one by one had made their addresses, the diplomas were dis- tributed and the degrees conferred. Now the first class in McKendree College had been admitted to the grade of Bach- elor of Arts; and this I think was the first class admitted to that degree in a Methodist college north of Kentucky and west of Pennsylvania. Some one, who did not sign his name, but probably a mem- ber of the faculty, wrote an account of the commencement for the Western Christian Advocate. A copy of it was found among the ancient records and we reproduce it here. REPORT OF THE FIRST McKENDREE COMMENCEMENT DAY August 18, 1841 Mr. Editor: This was a proud day for McKendree College. A day ominous of good to the cause of education, religion, and hu- manity in Illinois. One that I trust will be long remembered by the multitudes who assembled on that occasion to witness the novel spectacle, the literary festival of crowning a class of young men with university honors. The young but prom- ising institution of learning, located in this place, has just graduated its first class. A stage was erected and other suit- able preparations made in a delightful grove adjoining the college; the chapel being too small to accommodate the large audience anticipated; and at the appointed hour a vast as- semblage gathered from the neighboring regions presented itself to witness the interesting exercises. There youth and beauty, age and wisdom, wealth and fashion, talent and learn- ing — for we have all these even in the far west — united to grace the occasion. We mean no disrespect to our transmoun- tain friends, but here was an audience with as much taste and intelligence as is usually met with east of the mountains. The literary exercises were of the highest order and it was re- marked by several who had attended the commencement oc- casions at several of our eastern colleges, that they would suffer nothing from a comparison with those of our most distinguished institutions. The following was the order of exercises. It would be invidious to single out cases where all were characterized for excellence, but we shall be excusable for saying a word of the valedictory. It was an effort which was peculiarly happy and impressive. The youthful orator, Jeremiah G. Johnson, seemed to breathe the sentiment of a warm and grateful heart, in words that carried with them a sweetness and pathos so genuine that most of the audience were melted to tears. The effect of this performance was good, and I doubt not but all went away deeply impressed with the worth of our young college, and firmly resolved that it should not longer languish for lack of countenance and support. The next session of the institution will open on the second Wednesday in October, and with better prospects, it is be- lieved, from the present auspices, than any previous one. The trustees, the conference, and the community seem determined to sustain this college, and if the zeal in its behalf that was manifested at the late annual meeting of the joint Board of Trustees and visitors, is not suffered to wane, we may safely predict that in a very short time after the opening of the next session, the prospects will be really better than ever before. The resignation of the late worthy president, Rev. John W. Merrill, caused some regret among the friends, yet it is be- lieved that his place has been supplied by one in every respect competent to the station. We give here a brief sketch of each member of this first class. RICHARD FRISBIE CUNNINGHAM Richard Frisbie Cunningham was born June 21, 1826, at Abingdon, Maryland. While yet a small child he came with his parents to Illinois and settled in Lebanon. On October 17, 1836, when he was only ten years of age he was enrolled in the preparatory department of McKendree College. A few years after he finished at McKendree, he enrolled in the Mis- souri Medical College of St. Louis, from which he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1850. He took up the practice of his profession in his home town where he spent the remainder of his long and useful life. He was a capable and successful physician. About the time he began his medical practice he was mar- ried at Brighton, Illinois, to Miss Mary E. Risley, who was the daughter of a Methodist preacher. They were the parents of four children, James W., Frederick, Annie, and May. He was for many years president of the McKendree Alumni One Hundred and TwerUyEtght Association and at each annual meeting delivered an address that was not without merit m other respects, but usually excelling especially m its length. The huildmg is still standing on St. Louis St. in Lebanon which he occupied for many years as his office. He died at his home m Lebanon, December 29, iSgi. HENRY H. HORNER Henry Hypes Horner was born in Lebanon, Illinois, Feb- ruary 22, 1821. His parents were Americans for several gen- erations back. His grandfather, Nicholas Horner, who came from Maryland to Illinois in 1812, was the largest sub- scriber to the original fund for the founding of Mc- Kendree College, and was a member of its first Board of Trustees. Since its first founding one or more mem- bers of the Horner family have always been in some way connected with the col- lege. Henry spent his youth m his native town and at the age of sixteen entered college. He graduated in the class of 1841 with the degree of A. B. and later received the Master ' s Degree. He was the salutatorian of his class. He belonged to the Philo- sophian Literary Society. After his graduation Mr. Horner taught school at Hillsboro, Illinois; was principal of Brandon Academy in Mississippi, for one year; and was professor of ancient languages in McKendree for the year 1844-45. He then turned his attention to law, which was his principal vocation for the remainder of his life. In 186 ' ; he was chosen Dean of the McKendree Law School and remained in this position till 1889. At different times in his career he held the offices of City Attorney and Mayor of Lebanon, State ' s At- torney, and Master in Chancery. He was married November 19, 1857 to Helen M. Danforth. Their children were Roland Henry, ' Wilbur Nathan, Walter Sargeant, Lottie M., Hattie Hypes, and Bertha Adele. Of these the third and fourth died in childhood. The others were all students in McKendree, and three of them graduated. Mr. Horner finished his long life in his native town, and died September 21, 1902. WILLIAM T. LUCKY William Thomas, son of Enoch and Mildred Lucky, was horn in Elizabethtown, Hardin County, Kentucky, April 24, JUDGE HORNER Former Dean of McKendree Law School 1821. He entered McKendree m i8:,7 and graduated m 1841, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He later received the Master ' s Degree. He was a member of the Philosophian So- ciety. He united with the Methodist church in 1840, and later became a minister of the gospel, but his life was spent in educational work rather than the pastorate. From 1841 to 1844 he served his alma mater as principal of the preparatory department. From that time till 1852 he was principal of Howard high school, Fayette, Missouri. In 1852 he became president of Howard Female College m the same city, which position he held until 1861 . He then went to the Pacific Coast and became president of the Pacific Methodist College at Vacaville, California. Here he remained till 1867 when he became principal of Lincoln School, San Francisco. In 1868 he was made principal of the State Normal School at San Jose, and in 187}, was chosen principal of the Los Angeles high school. He was married August 29, 1844 to Mary Jane Scarritt. Their children were Laura Ellet, Mary Cornelia, Edward Merrill, William Scarritt, and Arthur Mason. He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the Pacific Methodist College in 1868, and from McKendree in i860, He died in San Francisco, CaHfornia, October 21, 1876. JOHNSON PIERSON Johnson Pierson was born June 24, 1814, in Ohio County, Virginia. He grew up on a farm and his early education was acquired in his native state. In i8_ 5 he emigrated with his father ' s family to Burlington, Iowa. In i8j7 he entered Mc- Kendree, and graduated in the class of 1841. He was one of the founders of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was married October 28, 1841 to Miss Martha I. Howard of Lebanon. Their surviving children are J. L. and G. D. Pierson of St. Louis, and one daughter, Mrs. Robert Cameron of Chi- cago. After leaving college he was employed until 184-; as Principal of the Mt. Vernon Academy. He was then elected to the chair of Ancient Languages m the Iowa Wesleyan University at Mt. Pleasant, which position he held for four years. From 1852 to 1855 he was editor of the Burlington Hawkeye. During the Civil War he was Commissioner of the Draft for the First Congressional District of Iowa. In 1872 he became postal clerk in the U. S. mail service, from which work he was retired in 1885 on account of having reached the age limit. He spent much time in literary work, writing both prose and poetry. One of his published books IS an epic poem reciting the history of the Jewish people, entitled the Judiad. He died at St. Louis in 1907 at the advanced age of ninety-three. One Hundred and TwentyJimi Imc KENDREE .... . JEREMIAH G. JOHNSON Jeremiah G. Johnson, adopted son of Jeremiah and Esther Johnson, was born in St. Louis, November 3, 1822. He lived a brief but beautiful life. He was one of those noble souls capable of appreciating the joys of learning and the beauties of classical literature. He graduated in 1841 with the first honors of the class, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He was one of the founders of the Philosophian Literary Society. His body was not sufficiently vigorous to sustain the mighty intellect with which he had been endowed, and his health soon failed. He studied law, but did not live to fulfill the exceeding promise of his youth. He died a triumphant Christian death in Lebanon, IlHnois, August jo, 1845. His body was laid to rest in Ckjllege Hill cemetery where his weather beaten grave stone may still be seen with the in- scription on it still quite legible. ELI ROBINSON Eli Robinson was born in South Carolina in 181 j. He was the son of a pioneer Methodist preacher who greatly desired to give his son a thorough education; but death claimed him before this ambition could be gratified. Through the influence of his father ' s friends the son found shelter and kind benefac- tors in the home of Nathan Horner of Lebanon, one of the original trustees of McKendree College, who, having but one son of his own (Henry H. Horner) to educate, with generous disposition furnished a good home and provided tuition fees for this orphan youth who was seeking an education. He graduated from McKendree in 1841 with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He taught school several years after his graduation, and then studied law with Judge Wm. H. Underwood of Belleville. He suc- ceeded well in his chosen profession. Some years after we hear of him at Hastings, Minnesota, where he had an elegant home and his family consisted of his wife and two children, Frank and Ollie. Here he was visited by John L. Scripps of Chicago, who knew many of his early acquaintances at McKendree. Mr. Robinson died at Sioux City, Iowa, October 19, 1878. His son Frank having died some years before, he left only his daughter, Mrs. Ollie O ' Connor. WILLIAM WEER William Weer was born in Philadelphia, December 20, 1824. He graduated from McKendree in 1841 with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. One who knew him in his college days says, He was a quiet stu- dious young man, avoiding all social life. His books were his closest companions. After leaving college he spent two years in the Rocky Mountains, hunting, fishing, and living the sim- ple outdoor life that enabled him to recover the health which he had lost in his overstudious college life. He studied law and practiced his profession in the state of Kansas. He was a member of the Kansas Senate, and State Constitutional con- vention. At the beginning of the Civil War he became Col- onel of the loth Regiment of Kansas Volunteers. After the war he located at Wyandotte, Kansas, where he died in 1866. He was married to Gloriana Harrison. Their children were Mary and Elizabeth, the latter of whom died in infancy. Mr. Weer was said to so greatly resemble his classmate, Henry H. Horner, in personal appearance, that they might easily be mistaken for brothers. Former President ' s Home. Built in One Hundred and Thnty MC KENDREE CHAPTER IX. College Charters IN THE EARLY history of the state the legislature was very suspicious of all corporations. For a long time it seemed very doubtful whether any college would be granted a charter. But President Akers, as well as the presi- dents of other schools then in operation, was active in pre- senting to the legislative body the claims for recognition of higher institutions of learning. Finally in the session of 183,5 the assembled wisdom of the state, in a fit of literary and religious toleration, passed an omnibus bill, providing in one act charters for four colleges. One for the Methodists at Lebanon, one for the Presbyterians at Jacksonville, one for the Baptists at Alton, and another at Jonesboro, which how- ever did not develop into a college as the others did, if indeed it was ever in active operation at all. This legislation was passed at Vandalia where the capital was then located, in the building which was then a pretentious state capitol, and now serves as the court house of Fayette County. The orig- inal bill very neatly engrossed, may now be seen in the archives of the present state house at Springfield. It is of interest in educational circles because it was the first college charter granted by the great state of Illinois which now has more than a score of colleges and three great universities. We therefore give the complete text of this bill for the benefit of those who may be interested in reading it. The committee to which the bill was referred, in considering the matter, proposed three questions concerning it as follows: 1. Are institutions of this character really needed in the state? 2. Is It important to their success that the trustees who manage them should become corporate bodies? 3. Can corporate powers be granted with safety to the public interests? After lengthy discussion they answered all three questions in the aiBrmative and recommended the passage of the bill. FIRST CHARTER An act to incorporate the colleges therein named. In force February 19, 1835. Section I . Beit enacted by the people of the state of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly: That Hubbell Loomis, Benjamin F. Edwards, Stephen Griggs, George Smith, Enoch Long, Cyrus Edwards, and William Manning, and their suc- cessors, be, and they are hereby created a body politic and corporate, to be styled and known by the name of The trustees of the Alton College of Illinois, and by that style and name to remain and have perpetual succession. The said college shall remain at or near Upper Alton in the county of Madison. The number of trustees shall not exceed fifteen, exclusive of the president, principal, or presiding officer of the college, who shall, ex-officio, be a member of the board of trustees ; no other instructor shall be a member of the board of trustees. For the present, the above named individuals shall constitute the board of trustees, who shall fill the re- maining vacancies at their discretion. Section 2. That Samuel D. Lockwood, WiUiam C. Posey, John P. Wilkinson, Theron Baldwin, John F. Brooks, Elisha Jenny, William Kirby, Asa Turner, John G. Bergen, John Tillson, Jr., and Gideon Blackburn and their successors, be, and they are hereby created a body corporate and politic, by the name of The trustees of Illinois College, and by that style and name to remain permanently located in Morgan County; the number of trustees shall not exceed fifteen, ex- clusive of the president, principal, or presiding officer of the college, who shall ex-officio be a member of the board ot trus- tees; no other instructor shall be a member of the board of trustees. For the present, the aforesaid individuals shall con- stitute the board of trustees, who shall fill the remaining vacancies at their discretion. Section 3. That John Dew, Samuel H. Thompson, James Riggin, Nicholas Horner, George Lowe, Robert Moore, The- ophilus M. Nichols, Joshua Barnes, Samuel Stites, David L. West, Nathan Horner, Joseph Foulke, Thornton Peeples. John S. Barger, Nathaniel M. McCurdy, Anthony W. Casad, and Benjamin Hypes, and their successors, be, and they are hereby created a body politic and corporate, to be styled and known by the name of The trustees of the McKendrean College, and by that style and name to remain and have perpetual succession; the said college shall remain located at or near Lebanon in the county of St. Clair; the number of trustees shall not exceed eighteen, exclusive of the president, principal, or presiding officer of the college, who shall, ex- officio, be a member of the board of trustees; no other in- structor shall be a member of the board of trustees. For the present the aforesaid individuals shall constitute the board of trustees, who shall fill the remaining vacancies at their discretion. Article 4. That B. W. Brooks, Augustus Rixleben, Win- stead Davie, John S. Hacker, Daniel Spencer, WiUis Willard, John W. McGuire, Thomas Sands, James P. Edwards, John One Hundred and Thirty-One Baltzell, William C. Whitlock, and Isaac Bizzle, and their successors, be, and they are hereby created a body poHtic and corporate, to be styled and known by the name of The trustees of the Jonesborough College, and by that style and name to remain and have perpetual succession; the said col- lege shall remain located at or near Jonesborough, in the county of Union. The number of trustees shall not exceed fifteen, exclusive of the president, principal, or presiding oifi ' cer of the college, who shall, ex-officio be a member of the board of trustees. For the present, the aforesaid individuals shall constitute the board of trustees, who shall fill the re- maining vacancies at their discretion. Article i. The object of said corporation shall be the promotion of the general interests of education, and to qualify young men to engage in the several employments and pro- fessions of society, and to discharge honorably and usefully the various duties of lite. Article 6. The corporate powers hereby bestowed shall be such only as are essential or useful in the attainment of said object, and such as are usually conferred on similar bodies corporate, namely; to have perpetual succession, to make contracts, to sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, to grant and receive by its corporate name, and to do all other acts as natural persons may, to accept, acquire, purchase or sell property, real, personal and mixed, in all lawful ways; to use, employ, manage, and dispose of all such property, and all money belonging to said corporation, in such manner as shall seem to the trustees best adapted to promote the objects aforementioned; to have a common seal and to alter or change the same; to make such by-laws for its regulation as are not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States or of this state, and to confer on such persons as may be considered worthy, such academical or honorary degrees as are usually conferred by similar institutions. Section 7. The trustees of the respective corporations shall have authority, from time to time, to prescribe and reg- ulate the course of studies to be pursued in said colleges, and in the preparatory departments attached thereto; to fix the rate of tuition, room rent and other college expenses, to ap- point instructors and such other officers and agents as may be needed in managing the concerns of the institution, to define their powers, duties and employments, to fix their com- pensation, to displace and remove either of the instructors, officers, or agents, as said trustees shall deem the interests of the said colleges shall require, to fill all vacancies among said instructors, officers and agents, to erect necessary buildings, to purchase books and chemical and philosophical apparatus, and other suitable me.ms of instruction, to put in operation a system of manual labor, for the purpose of lessening the expense of education and promoting the health of the stu- dents; to make rules for the general management of the affairs of the college, and for the regulation of the conduct of the students, and to add, as the ability of the said organization shall increase, and the interest of the community shall require, additional departments for the study of any or all of the lib- eral professions: Provided, however, that nothing herein con- tained shall authorize the establishment of a theological de- partment in either of said colleges. Section 8. If any trustee shall be chosen president of the college, his former place as trustee shall be considered vacant, and his place filled by the remaining trustees. The trustees, for the time being, shall have power to remove any trustee for any dishonorable or criminal conduct : Provided, however, that no such removal shall take place without giving to such trustee, notices of the charges exhibited against him, and an opportunity to defend himself before the board, nor unless that two-thirds of the whole number of trustees, for the time being, shall concur in such removal. The trustees for the time being, in order to have perpetual succession, shall have pow- er, as often as a trustee shall be removed from office, die, resign, or remove out of the State, to appoint a resident of the state to fill the vacancy in the board of trustees occasioned by such removal from office, death, resignation, or removal from the State. A majority of the trustees, for the time being shall be a quorum to do business. Section 9. The trustees shall faithfully apply all funds by them collected, according to their best judgment, in erecting suitable buildings, in supporting the necessary instructors, officers, and agents, in procuring books, maps, charts, globes, philosophical, chemical, and other apparatus, necessary to aid in the promotion of sound learning in their respective insti- tutions: Provided, that in case any donation, devise or be- quest shall be made for particular purposes, accordant with the object of the institution, and the trustees shall accept the same, every such donation, devise, or bequest shall he applied in conformity with the express condition of the donor or devisor: Provided, also, that lands donated or devised as aforesaid, shall be sold or disposed of as required by the twelfth section of this act. Section 10. The treasurers of said colleges always, and all other agents when required by the trustees, before enter- ing upon the duties of their appointments, shall give bond for the security of the corporation, in such penal sum and with such securities as the bo;ird of trustees shall approve; One Hundred and Tl. irt3r.T«.o i and all process against the said corporation shall be by sum- mons, and the serving ot the same shall be by leaving .m attested copy with the treasurer of the college, at least thirty days before the return day thereof. Section II. The said colleges and their preparatory de- partments shall be open to all denominations of Christians, and the profession of any particular religious faith shall not be required of those who become students; all persons, how- ever, may be suspended or expelled from said institutions, whose habits are idle or vicious, or whose moral character is bad. Section 12. The lands, tenements, and hereditaments, to be held in perpetuity, in virtue of this act, by either of said corporations, shall not exceed six hundred and forty acres: Provided, however, that if donations, grants, or devises in land shall, from time to time, be made to either of said cor- porations, over and above six hundred and forty acres, which may be held in perpetuity as aforesaid, the same may be received and held by such corporation for the period of three years from the date of every such donation, grant or devise; at the end of which time, if the said lands over and above the said six hundred and forty acres shall not have been sold by the said corporation, then, and in that case, the said lands so donated, granted, or devised, shall revert to the donor, grantor, or the heirs of the devisor of the same. Approved February q, 183 . When Rev. John W. Merrill came to the presidency m January, 183,8, he surveyed the field and the prospects and possibilities of the college and decided that it ought to have a new charter granting larger privileges and providing for the establishment of schools of theology, law, and medicine, if at any time such enlargement seemed expedient. He had just completed his course in Andover School of Theology, and probably dreamed of a new Harvard being developed here in the Mississippi Valley. On New Year ' s day, 1839, a meeting of the board was held at the home of John C. Gore, at which a committee of three was appointed to attend the State Legislature and secure, if possible, the passage of an act pro- viding such amendment as it is desirable should be made to the college charter. The committee consisted of Professor William Brown of the McKendree Faculty, Rev. Benjamin T. Kavanaugh, the college agent, and Rev. Samuel H. Thomp- son, one of the trustees. The committee went at once to Springfield, where the Legislature was then in session. This was the first session of the Legislature held at Springfield. The final adjournment at Vandalia occurred July 22, 1837, and the business of state was formally transferred to Spring- field, the new capital. Bv permission of that body, Professor Brown delivered two lectures in the H ill of Representatives which seem to have been well received as they were ordered printed and five thousand copies distributed to the public at the expense of the state. The second of these was a direct argument for granting a new charter to McKendree. He set forth at length the present prosperous condition of the col- lege and its promise of much greater usefulness in the future, provided it receive a more liberal charter. The bill framed for this purpose was passed without delay and with very slight opposition and was approved January 26, 1839. REVISED CHARTER An act to incorporate the McKendree College, approved January 26, 1839. Section I. Be It enacted by the people of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly: That William Wilson, Samuel H. Thompson, Thornton Peeples, John S. Barger, Benjamin Hypes, Hiram K. Ashley, Joshua Barnes, James Riggin, Nathan Horner, Benjamin T. Kavanaugh, The- ophilus Nichols, Crispin Cunningham, John Hogan, Jesse Renfro, Benjamin M. Bond, and Alexander N. Jenkins, and their successors in office, be, and they are hereby created a body politic and corporate, under the name and style of the McKendree College and henceforth shall be styled and known by that name, and by that style and name have per- petual succession. The number of trustees shall not exceed eighteen, exclusive of the president, principal, or presiding officer of the college, who shall ex-officio be a member of the board of trustees. No other instructor shall be a member of said board: Provided, however, that the board of trustees by a majority of two- thirds, at their annual meeting may increase the number of said trustees to any number not exceeding thirty-six. For the present, the aforesaid individuals shall con- stitute the board of trustees, who shall at their discretion fill the remaining vacancies, and such as may hereafter be created should the number be increased. Section 2. The object of said corporation shall be the promotion of the general interest of education, and to qualify young men to engage in the several employments and pro- fessions of society, and to discharge honorably and usefully the various duties of life. Section 3. The corporate powers hereby bestowed shall be such only as are essential and useful in the attainment of said object, and such as are usually conferred on similar cor- porate bodies, namely: to have perpetual succession, to make contracts, to sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, to grant and receive by its corporate name, and to do all other acts as natural persons may; to accept, acquire, purchase or sell property, real, personal, and mixed, in all lawful ways; to use, employ, manage, and dispose of all such property and all money belonging to said corporation, in such manner as shall seem to the trustees best adapted to promote the object aforementioned; to have a common seal, and to alter and change the same; to make such bylaws for the regulation of the corporation as are not inconsistent with the laws and constitution of the United States, or of this state, and to confer on such persons as may be considered worthy, such academical or honorary degrees as are usually conferred by similar institutions. Section 4. The trustees shall have authority from time to time to prescribe and regulate the course of study to be perused in said college, and the preparatory department at- tached thereto; to fix the rate of tuition, room rent, and other college expenses; to appoint the president of the institu- tion and other members of the faculty, and such other instructors, officers, and agents, as may be needed in manag- ing the concerns of the institution; to define their powers, duties and employments; to fix their compensations; to dis- place and remove the presidents, and any member of the faculty, either of the instructors, officers, or agents; to erect necessary buildings, and purchase books and chemical, phil- osophical and other apparatus, and other suitable means of instruction; to put in operation if the trustees shall deem it expedient, a system of manual labor for the purpose of pro- moting the health of the students and lessening the expense of education; to make rules for the general management of the affairs of the college and for the regulation of the conduct of the students; and to add as the ability of said corpora tion shall increase, and the interest of the community shall require, additional departments for the study of any or all of the liberal profession. Section 5. The trustees shall faithfully apply the funds by them collected, according to their best judgment, in erect- ing suitable buildings; in purchasing books, maps, charts, globes, philosophical, chemical and other apparatus necessary to aid in the promotion of sound learning in said institution. Section 6. Any donation, devise or bequest, made for the special purpose, accordant with the objects of the institution, if the trustees shall accept the same, shall be faithfully and truly applied in conformity with the express conditions of the donor or devisee. The lands, tenements and heredita- ments to be held in perpetuity in virtue of this act shall not exceed three thousand acres : Provided, however, that grants, donations or devises in lands which shall be made from time to time to said corporation, may be held for the term of ten years from date of such grant, donation or devise ; at the end of which time the said lands over and above the before named three thousand acres, shall be sold by the corporation; and in the case of neglect to sell, said lands so donated shall re- vert to the original donor or devisor, or to the lawful heirs of the same. Section 7. The treasurer and other officers of the insti- tution, when required by the trustees, shall give bond for the security of the corporation, in such penalty and with such security as the board shall approve; and all processes against said corporation shall be by summons and service of the same by leaving an attested copy with the treasurer at least thirty days before the return thereof. Section 8. The trustees shall have power to establish departments for the study of any of the liberal professions, particularly law and medicine, and to institute and grant diplomas in the same; to constitute and confer the degrees of doctor in the learned arts and sciences and belles lettres, and to confer such other academic degrees as are usually con- ferred by the most learned universities. Section 9. Said trustees shall have power to institute a board of competent persons, always including the faculty, who shall examine such persons as may apply; and if said applicants are found to possess such knowledge, pursued in said college as, in the judgment of said examiners renders them worthy, they may be considered graduates in course, and shall be entitled to a diploma accordingly, on paying such fee as the trustees shall affix; which fee however shall in no case exceed the tuition bills of the full college course. Said examining board may not exceed the number of ten, three of whom may transact business provided one be of the faculty. Section 10. In its different departments the college shall be open to all denominations of Christians, and the profession of any religious faith shall not be required in order for ad- mission; but those students who are idle or vicious, or whose characters are immoral, may be suspended or expelled. Section 11. Said college shall remain located at or near Lebanon, in the county of St. Clair, State of Illinois. The trustees shall hold at least one meeting in each year for busi- ness, and may appoint other stated meetings of the board; (special meetings may at any time be held by order of the president of the board), ten of whom shall constitute a quo- rum to do business; and it shall be lawful for the Illinois annual conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church to ap- point annually a board of visitors consisting of nine persons, who shall have power to sit with the board of trustees at One Hundred and Thirty-Foii I their annual meetings and participate with them exofficio as members of the board. Section 12. Hereafter the filling of vacancies in the hoard of trustees and the appointment of the president of the col- lege, professors, and tutors, shall be made only at the annual meetings as provided in the eleventh section of this act: Provided, that the trustees may fill vacancies in the profes- sorships, or employ additional professors or tutors, when necessary, until the succeeding annual meeting. Section 13. In cases of the division of the Illinois Annual Conference into two or more conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, or if any other annual conference of the said Methodist Episcopal Church, shall unite with the said Illinois Annual Conference in the patronage and support of the said college, each annual conference thus patronizing said college shall have the same powers and privileges granted in this act to the said Illinois Annual Conference: Provided, that said visitors shall at no time exceed the number of trus- tees; and should it so occur by the increase of patronage that the number of visitors herein provided for shall exceed m number that of the trustees, the ratio of visitors shall be by the trustees so fixed as to limit the whole number of visitors to that of the number of trustees of said college. Section 14. The alteration of the name of the institution shall not affect the title to any property acquired by the institution heretofore but the title to such estate shall be vahd to the institution under the name set forth in this act, whether made to the same, or under the name and style of The trustees of the McKendrean College, or The trustees of McKendree College, that all contracts made with said corporation, whether made under the name of The trustees of the McKendrean College or The trustees of McKendree College shall enure as well for as against said corporation under the name and style of The McKendree College. Section 15. If any trustee shall be chosen president of the college, his former place as trustee shall be vacated and his place filled by the remaining trustees and visiting com- mittee as hereinbefore provided. The trustees for the time being shall have power to remove any trustee tor any dis- honorable or criminal conduct: Provided, that no such re- moval shall take place without giving to such trustee notice of charges against him, and an opportunity to defend himself before the board, nor unless that two-thirds of the whole number of trustees for the time being shall concur in said removal Section i6. This act shall be in force from and after the time at which the trustees of the McKendrean College shall accept the same, and the evidence of said acceptance shall be a copy of the order of the board ordering this act to be spread upon their journals, certified by the president and secretary of the board. Section 17. Should the corporation at any time act con ' trary to the provisions of this charter, or fail to comply with the same, upon complaint made to the Circuit Court of St. Clair County, a scire facias shall issue and the Circuit Court of St. Clair County shall prosecute in behalf of the people of this state for a forfeiture of this charter. This act shall be a public act and shall be construed liberally in all courts for the purposes hereinbefore expressed, and so far as this insti- tution is concerned, all acts, as far as they may be contradic- tory to this act, are hereby repealed. Under this charter the college has worked for nearly ninety years and it still seems sufficient for our needs. It conferred no degrees under the first charter. The Illinois Conference is mentioned frequently, but according to the provisions in the charter itself the Southern Illinois Conference has all the rights and privileges originally granted to the conference which held the territory at that time. The Campus in Winter One Hundred and Thirty-Fife £ l g s CHAPTER X. College Fi nances w ' HE YEAR 1839 marks the beginning of an interesting era in McKendree ' s history. The school was just com- ; into collegiate rank. The faculty were college grad- uates, and the president had completed a three year post graduate course just before he took charge. A class of earnest young men were doing real college work, on a par with that done in the eastern colleges. There was a general feeling among the constituents that now they actually had a college after these ten years of strenuous but sometimes poorly or- ganized effort. In the conference session of 1837 was voted that the part of Bishop McKendree ' s bequest that would fall to the Illinois Conference for the promotion of education, should be reserved until a literary institution shall be pre- sented over which this conference shall exercise control and supervision. The next year the conference passed resolution recommending that the Bible be made a prominent text book in the college. After the new charter was granted, President Merrill organized a class in the New Testament, which was appreciated by the members of the conference, many of whom felt that the principal reason for having a college was for the religious training of the youth. After the graduating exercise of 1841, which was considered a great literary triumph and was heralded far and wide as a demonstration of what the college could do for the young men in her care, the conference was highly elated and enthusiastically passed this resolution, That we feel the deepest gratitude for that high literary reputation unto which McKendree College, under divine Providence, has attained, and that we will sustain the college, God being wiUing. This would indicate that they were no longer ashamed of their college, but rather proud of it. Re- vivals occurred there. Preaching services were held in the chapel, not only on Sundays, but on week days also. So that now its reputation seemed fairly well established as a reli- gious institution. The class of 1841 established its reputation from the literary standpoint. The charter, granted in 1839, was a recognition by the state authorities that its standards were such as could be commended to the general public. In fact, the charter was considered one of the chief factors in the success which imme- diately followed its issue. If it should grow into a great uni- versity it would need no enlargement of its corporate powers Under this charter it could confer any degree that Harvard or Yale could. When the news first came to Lebanon that the new charter had been granted, both the college and the town were stirred with enthusiasm and there was great rejoicing. The trustees had a meeting and ordered a grand illumination of the college building. Professor Sunderland, as the science man, was placed in charge of this part of the celebration. A meeting of the citizens was called and there were speeches and mutual congratulations. At this time also the financial prospects were very encour- aging. An endowment of $50,000 was fully subscribed, in the form of notes for $500 each, given by the subscribers, with interest at ten per cent payable semiannually. This was con- sidered ample for an institution of that size. The faculty con- sisted of only five members and their salary was from six hundred to eight hundred dollars a year. A writer of that period speaks of the situation as follows: Young and enthu- siastic men were in the faculty, and everything promised great success and glory. It must be confessed that affliirs did show considerable signs of promise. The president was a learned man and an enthusiast in his department. The professors were well educated, full of vigor and as enthusiastic as the presi ' dent. The field agent was active and shrewd, and could prove to every man who would subscribe for a scholarship, that the investment would be profitable. The first financial movement in the history of McKendree was the effort to raise a fund for founding an institution of higher learning. The original plan was the formation of a stock company. The most of the subscribers took one share each, tho several took more, and in one case two women took a single share in partnership. The idea was that each stock holder who so desired might receive dividends on their in- vestment m tuitions or other privileges. The money was used in the erection of the first building. The income of the school with which to pay teachers ' salaries and other expenses was confined to the tuition fees from students whose fathers were not stock-holders. Of course this proved entirely inade- quate. Almost from the beginning, at any rate, after the Illi- nois Conference had taken over the school, one or more agents were appointed each year to travel thruout the territory and solicit funds for current expenses. Of course the agent ' s salary had to be paid out of his collections. In 1836, an elaborate scheme was devised for endowing the college. Rev. Benjamin T. Kavanaugh was appointed agent and was authorized to sell perpetual scholarships for either $5ooor$i,oooeach. The holder ofa five hundred dollar scholarship w,is entitled to send one pupil free of tuition One Hundred and Th MC KENDREE forever. Or for ,i thousand dolLir scholarship, he might send one pupil free of tuition, room, and board forever. In lieu of the cash which very few of the people ot that day had m the bank, he was authorized to accept the subscriber ' s note bearing ten percent interest and payable in ten years. The agent was also to collect money in hundred dollar sub- scriptions for the endowment of a John Emory Professor- ship m the college. Another line ot business he handled was to receive money from any person to be invested in Illinois lands, one half for the college and half for the person furnish- ing the money. Or by another plan the donor of the money was to have title to all the land, but its increase in value for the first five years was to belong to the college. At that time a national railroad was headed toward Illinois, and it was believed there would be an immense increase in the value of lands on that account. But President Andrew Jackson ve- toed the railroad bill, the land did not rise in value to any considerable extent, the rosy hopes of wealth from the un- earned increment were blasted, and the land purchase plan of endowment proved a dismal failure. However, by iSjg, one hundred of the five hundred dollar perpetual scholarships had been sold, or rather most of them had been exchanged for five hundred dollar notes bearing ten percent interest, payable semiannually. This, according to the figures, would produce an income of five thousand dollars a year besides what might be received from tuition fees paid by the students. This was a splendid outlook. The college seemed permanently endowed. But these notes were not due for ten years, and the signers were scattered over a wide area which made collections expensive. Then hard times came on. The veto of the national road and the United States Bank Charter hindered the progress of this new country and made its development very slow. Money was hard to get even for necessities and so many of the signers of the notes were not disposed to pay even the interest. Within a period of two years the whole scheme was compromised by exchanging the five hundred dollar notes for two hundred dollar ones, still payable in ten years, and thus at one blow reducing the $50,000 endowment to $20,000, and owing to the continu- ance of hard times and financial stringency, even these latter notes, for the most part, were never collected. So that the bubble burst and left the college burdened with debt and disappointment. The fallacy of the whole plan was evident when it was observed that the college promised tuition, room and inci- dentals, to the amount of $61.50 a year to each holder of a scholarship and enacted from him only the interest on five hundred dollars which amounted to $50 a year. Therefore the college was borrowing money at twelve and a half percent and loaning it at ten and at the same time paying agents to go thru the country to borrow the money and collect the interest. So it was very clear that the more of that kind of endowment the college had, the worse off it was. According- ly, the plan of endowment by scholarships was abandoned, at least for the time. When Dr. Wentworth came to take charge of the institution in 1846, he said it was thatched over with mortgages, and had no means of paying its debts or current expenses. Therefore, the professors were placed on allowances paid by the churches, instead of salaries paid by the college. In 1854, after the former experience had been in some degree forgotten, another scholarship plan was de- vised, which was, if possible, worse than the previous one. This proposed to sell two classes of scholarships: one for $50, giving the holder seven years of free tuition; and one for $100, giving twenty years of free tuition. The holders of the first class were to receive in tuition fees the equivalent of fifty percent per annum on the money invested, or three hundred and fifty percent by the time the money had to be paid in. The other class were to receive only twenty-five percent, but continuing for twenty years. So that in the end the college would return to the purchaser of the scholarship five hundred percent of his investment. Probably the men who initiated this plan thought they were offering a business proposition to the public. At least there was one good thing about it. They were offering educational bargains, and thus diffusing culture among the people. Of course it was a hard bargain for the college and the result was more sacrifice on the part of the faculty or more debts for the college. But the old college had always stood by its end of the contract even tho it was a bad bargain. The trustees never even consulted a lawyer about the possibility of finding a legal way of escape from such a one-sided contract. The scholarships that were limited to twenty years have all expired, but of course the perpetual ones of the earlier series never would expire. Efforts have been made by committees of the trustees from time to time to secure the surrender of these perpetual scholarships and most of them have been so surrendered, however there are a few still m the possession of the descendants of the pur- chaser. One provision was that it was only valid for the use of the purchaser or his lineal discendants. On account of this provision, not many of them were ever used, and none have been presented for many years, tho one is known to exist in the family of Dr. Thomas Stanton, who was one of the orig- inal managers, and who died at Alton many years ago. In One Hundred and Thim-Sei the early history of the college, the financial agent was an important officer. One or more was appointed by the con- ference the same as members of the faculty. Professor William Brown serving as agent, at one time undertook to raise a fund of $10,000 for the education of preachers ' children. He suc- ceeded in getting about $6,000 of it subscribed and a part of it was actually paid in, though in all probability not more than enough to pay the expense of his agency. One year the conference appointed two agents, one to solicit funds in Illi- nois and the other in any territory outside of Illinois. One year an agent was authorized to go to England to secure funds for the college, however the records show no evidence tha t he ever went. In 1S4S, Rev. William H. Milburn was ap- pointed agent for McKen- dree and instructed to go to the eastern states, where wealth was more abundant, in quest of funds. He was then a very earnest young man in frail health and al- most blind. He had secured his education in the face of almost insuperable difficul- ties . Having defective vision in one eye, a surgical opera- tion was attempted to re- move the disability. An accident during the oper- ation resulted in a total loss of his good eye and left him with only a remnant of vision in the other. But in spite of this handicap, he had gone thru college as far as the senior year, when his health broke down and he gave up the idea of getting his degree. But he did not let this deter him from entering the ministry. When he started on this mission for McKendree he soon found himself travelling up the Ohio River on a steamboat which had three hundred passengers on board. Among them were a group of western congressmen on their way to Wash- ington. Altho young Milburn could not see much, he kept his ears open and thus learned much about the habits of these national representatives of the people. He was quite shocked at their vile conduct. When Sunday came he was invited to preach on the boat. He did so. Since the congressmen were anxious for the best of everything in the way of privilege, they occupied the front seats. They were a little curious to know what the young preacher would have to say. His ser- mon was full eloquence and pathos which held the attention REV. MILBURN the Blind Chaplain of the whole assembly. At the close he said, Among the passengers on this steamer are a number of members of con- gress. From their position they should be examples of good morals and dignified conduct; but from what I have heard of them, they are not so. The union of these states, if dependent on such guardians, would be unsafe, and all the high hopes I have of the future of my country would be dashed to the ground. These gentlemen, for days past, have made the air heavy with profane conversation, have been constant patrons of the bar and encouragers of intemperance. Nay, more! The night, which should be devoted to rest, has been dedicated to the horrid vices of gambling, profanity and drunkenness. There is but one chance of salvation for these great sinners in high places, and that is for them to humbly repent of their sins, call on the Saviour for forgiveness, and reform their lives. As might be supposed, language so bold from a mere stripling twenty-two years of age, had a startling effect and made a deep impression on the gentlemen particularly addressed. In the afternoon a committee called on the young preacher and congratulated him upon his courage for having dared to tell the plain truth to sinners in high places. The committee assured him that the congressmen had taken his rebuke in the right spirit, and as evidence thereof, they handed him a purse of money as a mark of their appreciation and at the same time assured him that they would make him chaplain of Congress. This promise they did not forget, and when he was offered the appointment, he accepted and was thus the youngest man who ever spoke in the halls of congress. This new appointment interfered with his mission in behalf of McKendree, but it started him on a great career. In after years he became an author and lecturer of wide renown. He was known far and wide as the blind chaplain. Another means of raising funds was through the organiza- tion of Educational Societies in every charge of the confer- ence. For a time this plan was pushed vigorously but after some years it seemed to produce in the people a feeling of apathy or actual disfavor on account of the constant calls for money without apparent return in benefit to the societies themselves. Still another plan which was open to the same objection was for the Presiding Elder to take a collection each quarter in every charge and send it to the college to pay teachers ' salaries. By this plan the professor was as liable to reach the end of the year with a deficit in his salary as was the circuit rider. As a matter of fact, it nearly always hap- pened that way. But there were several tim es when the college successfully appealed to the sense of duty of the people to respond to a One Hundred and ThirtyEight MC KENDREE worthy call for help. One wjs when the building now known as Old Main was erected. This was during the administra- tion of President Wentworth and Rev. William Goodfellow was the solicitor. This was done in a period of two or three years closing with 1850. Again the same policy was pursued when the chapel was built in 1857-58. And again in 1859-60 when under the direction of President Cobleigh the foun- dations were laid for a real endowment. This was the first permanent fund raised for the college and was the nucleus of the present endowment. In these cases the people were asked to make direct contributions to a worthy cause without re- ceiving any premium or bonus for their generosity, m the form of scholarships. When Dr. M. H. Chamberlin came to the presidency in 1894, the endowment was approximately $20,000. During his term two legacies came to the college. One from the Riggin estate of $14,000 and the other from the McCurdy estate of $10,000. After he had succeeded in raising the money to pay off a long standing debt of $5,500, he set himself the task of raising $100,000 of new endowment. This was a long hard task when financial conditions were so stringent as they were at that time. He secured a con- ditional subscription of $20,000 from Dr. D. K. Pearsons of Chicago, and finally after repeated extensions of the time allowed he was able to announce m chapel one morning m April, 1905, that the last dollar of the $100,000 had been subscribed. The enthusiasm ran high. A holiday was declared in which to celebrate the victory. A group of students bor- rowed Uncle Sam Hill ' s carriage and a long rope. By means of the rope about two dozen boys hitched themselves to the carriage and took the president and faculty for a ride around town to announce everywhere the glorious news that the college had $100,000 of new endowment. That evening there was a mass meeting to which all the citizens were invited. Enthusiastic speeches were made and extravagant predictions of the greatness in store for the old college in the future. The students rang the college bell and by a well planned system of relays they kept it ringing steadily all night long so that its iron tongue was permitted to grow quiet only with the coming of the dawn of morning. These subscriptions were.col- lected without material shrinkage so that when Dr. Cham- berlin retired, the endowment was something over $1 jo,ooo. During the term of Dr. John F. Harmon, it was increased to a little above $200,000. During the presidency of Dr. George E. McCammon, a financial campaign was made under the direction of Dr. Hancher with his team of experienced work- ers. They set one million and a half as the goal and spent about six months in preparing and canvassing the field. The goal was not reached, nor near it, but enough was subscribed and paid in to claim the $150,000 conditional subscription of the General Education Board, which brings the endowment to half a million. There are yet some thousands in unpaid sub- scriptions and a number of estate notes of which the value cannot be definitely known till the death of the giver. When these are all settled up, there will probably be another hun- dred thousand to add to the total. But the college needs today not less than a million dollars of productive endowment, and there is a feeling in certain quarters that before the close of our Centennial celebration, the friends of the college will come forward with enough to make it that figure. At the educational convention held at the college in 1868, on the fortieth anniversary of its founding, facts were brought out to show that up to that time the city of Lebanon and vicinity had contributed not less than twenty-four thousand dollars for the establishment and maintenance of the institution, which was three-fourths of what had been expended for that purpose. In 1909 when the charges were making payments on the conference note Lebanon subscribed $j,ooo. During the last mentioned campaign Lebanon, including the faculty and students subscribed $70,000. Of course McKendree has had debts. All institutions of that character do have them. They are unavoidable. There has been a very small portion of the time since her founding that she has not had debts hanging over her. At one time her bonded indebtedness amounted to as much as $150,000. But that has all been cleared away. At present there are no debts except a few current bills, but none of long standing. Philip Embury ' s horn now in McKendree Museum One Hundred and ■Thirty-N IMC KENDREE CHAPTER XI. President Finley ' s Administration SHE PERIOD from 1S40 to 1850 w.is one of stress and strain for the young college, and during that time she passed thru one great crisis in her history. As before stated, the year 1839 marked a sort of peak of prosperity, when the new charter had been granted and the scholarship fund of $50,000 had been fully subscribed, which was fondly believed at that time to be an endowment which would pro- duce an income of $5,000 a year and enable the institution to pay Its professors a living salary. So at that time the Board, feeling that their financial problems were solved were inclined to give attention to certain moral problems which they deemed important. In those days the annual Board Meeting was held in August, and then, as now, entertainments were given in connection with it. Up to that time there had been no graduation exercises. One evening some members of the Board saw a play presented which was probably somewhat realistic and tried to show life as it was lived by the common run of humanity. The next day the Board passed the following reso- lution : Resolved that the Board disapproves of the exercises held last evening, in which were portrayed scenes of wickedness, profanity, obscenity, and bloodshed; and that we disallow in the future all purely theatrical and immoral exhibitions. They voted that the Bible should be used as a text book in the college course, and the works of Ovid were stricken from the Latin course. The reason for the latter is not stated, but it was probably on account of certain passages in the book which were considered obscene and improper reading for modest young people. A feeling against Theological training for the ministry, which probably the preachers in that body knew nothing about by experience, called forth the following resolution: Since the new charter confers authority to establish a Theological Seminary, Therefore, be it resolved, that Theo- logical Seminaries are contrary to the genius, the spirit, and the institutions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the Board is determined that no such department shall ever be added to McKendree College. Also we deem it proper that the teachers in this college shall be expected to impress no sentiments upon the students, adverse to the foregoing reso- lution. Only two or three years after the death of Elijah P. Lovejoy, at Alton, who was regarded as a mart yr to the cause of abolition of slavery, we find this resolution in the records: Whereas, the Board of Trustees and Visitors deem the advocacy of the cause of abolition, either in the private circle or the public assembly, by the agent, teacher, or member of the faculty of McKendree to be prejudicial to the best inter- ests of the institution, and of the country; therefore, if any one of the persons above enumerated shall so advocate the cause of abolition, the Board will deem it their duty to them- selves, the institution, its supporters, and the country, to adopt measures to dispense with the services of such persons. Of course we are not to infer from this that the college was a pro slavery institution, but it was probably an attempt to keep it neutral on a question which was discussed with great bitterness of feeling in those days. The next paragraph of the record stated that the passages of either of the above resolu- tions is not designed in any way to reflect upon the agents. teachers, or faculty heretofore employed in the college. It was about this time that the matriculation pledge was devised. It was a sort of oath of allegiance which had to be taken by every member of the student body. Then every stu- dent who violated any of the specific rules of the college was not only a law breaker, but he was guilty in the first place of breaking a solemn pledge to which he had affixed his signature with his own hand. This plan of requiring the students to sign their rights away as some of them have expressed it, has been kept up even to very recent years. Formerly the pledge was written at the top of every page in the matricula- tion register so that each stude nt who wrote his name in the book would of necessity sign the pledge. As a matter of con- venience the last book of that kind which was provided, was made to order for McKendree and had the pledge printed at the top of every page. But since it was a printed form very few of the students ever re.id it or even looked at it, or were conscious m the slightest degree that they were signing a pledge at all. The pledge may have changed slightly in more recent years, but here is the original form of it : I do solemnly promise to the Corporation and the Faculty that, during my connection with the institution, I will main- tain good moral character, observe quiet and gentlemanly de- portment towards all men, settle promptly all my college bills, perform to the best of my ability all my regular college duties, and cheerfully submit to all college regulations and One Hundred and Forlv IfMC KENDREE President Fmley came to the office m 1S41 atter the resig- nation of President Merrill. There was a feeling of great disappointment when Dr. Merrill left, but Dr. Finley was of more mature age, and highly esteemed in church circles so that most people were confident that he would be able to guide the precious craft through the shoals and keep her from going on the rocks. JAMES C. FINLEY James C. Finley was born in Somerset County, New Jersey, October 10, 1802, and died at Jacksonville, Illinois, July 27, 1885. He was reared a Presbyterian, like his parents. He received his liberal education at Princeton and then took a medical course m Philadelphia. After this he engaged m hospital practice for a time m Cincinnati. While m that city he was married and then went to Jacksonville, Illinois, where he practiced medicine until 183 . About this time he and his wife, who was formerly a Baptist, joined the Methodist church. Soon after that he abandoned the medical profession and entered the Methodist ministry. He was admitted to the Mississippi Conference in 1837 ' ' i s transferred to the Illinois Conference in 1841. It was at this time that he took charge of the college. He was a man of fine ability and thor- ough scholarship. He endeavored to maintain the high stand- ards of scholarship established by Dr. Merrill, and in this he was quite successful, but the financial plan by which the college was to be supported, through the interest on the scholarships, proved a dismal failure. After four years of strenuous effort in which the plan was given a thorough trial. Dr. Finley decided that the case was hopeless and went back to the pastorate. He transferred to the Rock River Confer- ence where he labored for the next six years. In 1851, he re- turned to the Illinois Conference. He was again a member of the faculty at McKendree as Professor of Greek, for a year, just prior to the coming of Dr. Swahlen, in 1865. After that he spent one year as President of the Olney Seminary and one year in the faculty of the Illinois State Agricultural College at Irvington. He then retired and held the superannuate re- lation until his death in 1885. He lived at Richview till the death of his wife in 1881, and then with his daughter in Jacksonville. The Methodist Church in Lebanon has a me- morial window m his honor, which shows that he held the degrees of A. M. and M. D. He served the college at a time when there were extra burdens to bear. From the time when he took charge there were persistent rumors that the institution would soon be obliged to close up. But there was eternal hope in the hearts of a few of the trustees which no discouragements could sub- due. In 1842, the tees were reduced twenty-five per cent in the hope ot attracting more students who did not hold schol- arships. At the same time the President ' s salary was reduced to $400 a year to lessen the expenses of the college. Then the board ordered that all tuition fees shall be paid in advance or secured by note. Each professor was held responsible for the enforcement of this rule, and was required to refuse ad- mission to his classes to all who had not paid. Yet at the end of the year, a committee was appointed to collect unpaid tui- tion bills. The committee was instructed to require payment in cash or in notes bearing twelve per cent interest. This would make it cheaper for students with unpaid bills and no money, to borrow money and pay cash. In 1843, there was another reduction of salaries for the faculty. There was an order to sell all McKendree lands to raise money to pay debts. In the same session we also find this resolution in the record: Whereas there are many debts pressing upon and humil- iating this Board, and whereas it is our ardent desire to relieve the college from its embarrassments. Therefore be it resolved, that all property not directly needed in carrying on the oper- ations of the college, be thrown on the market and offered for sale. And that the Executive Committee be requested to at- tend to this matter in view of meeting these debts. Most of their troubles were financial ones, and they delib- erated long and earnestly in the hope of finding the solution of their problems. On August 16, 1843, they had a morning session, then an afternoon session, then an evening session. And the record states that they adjourned at 12:30 A. M. August 17. At a meeting in March, 184 ;, Dr. Finley was requested to act as agent in the hope that he might collect enough money in the field to keep the sinking craft afloat. It was at the conference session of this year that Rev. W. H. Milburn was appointed as agent. Both students and faculty were leaving the college as rats do a ship that is about to sink. The loss of students, especially from the upper classes, re- duced the sue of the graduating classes. The class of 1841 had seven members. The next year there were five, and the next, seven again. But in 1844, there was only one, and in 1845, but two. Of the faculty that graduated the first class President Merrill and Professor Brown had gone soon after the commencement of 1841 . After another year Professor An- nis Merrill left, and the next year. Professor Sunderland. Each of these men went away with an unpaid deficit in his salary. Their places were supplied by young men who were grad- uates of the institution and, of course, with little experience. By 184s, there were three McKendree men in the faculty. One Hundred and FortvOne IMC KENDREE Henry H. Homer of class of 1841, George L. Roberts of 1S42, and John L. Scripps of 1S44. EH Robinson, 1841, had also served in the faculty, but had resigned. In the summer of 1845, President Finley also resigned and left Professor Rob- erts to report the situation to the meeting of the Joint Board. Some of the trustees were in favor of closing the school per- manently. But others were determined that it should go on. Before the meeting adjourned. Rev. Peter Akers, who had once before served in that capacity, was recalled to the pres- idency, and the young McKendree professors were confirmed in their several positions. The school opened as usual in the fall of 1845. We have no means of knowing how many stu- dents there were, for the records are lost and probably there was no catalogue printed. At least there is none now acces- sible for that year. But it must have been a discouragingly small number. It is likely that most of those who did come entered on a scholarship and hence there was no income with which to pay a faculty. A special meeting of the Board was called for November 17, 184 ' ). There is no mention of Presi- dent Akers. He may have been absent seeking help among the churches, but Professor Roberts, who was also secretary of the Board, announced to that body that the board of in- struction had suspended the present session of the college. Benjamin Hypes at once made a motion that it should be resumed immediately. But instead of voting on that motion, they discussed it carefully from every point of view; and since there was no visible means of support for the faculty, it seemed best to let the work stay suspended for the present. So they agreed to meet again the following April and deter- mine then whether conditions would justify resuming work for the second session of the year. No more class room work was done that year, but the Board was active. They did not admit that the college was dead. It had only fainted. It could be easily resuscitated if the proper restoratives were applied. They did not wait till April but held a meeting in January, and another in May. They were continually planning and praying and working. There were no commencement exer- cises of the usual kind that year and no graduating class, but there was a Board meeting. Their persistent efforts were suc- cessful and arrangements were made and carried out for re- suming the regular college work in the autumn of 1846. Thus there was a longer vacation than usual and no graduates for the year 1846, yet the college did not lose a year of history, for class room work was actually carried on for a part of the year and the trustees were active all the year. This board did not have much money but they had as much grit and deter- mination as a whole kennel of bull dogs. They balked at no discouraging situation, but decided that the college must open in the fall of 1846. They selected as their new president a rising young preacher and educator from New England, named Erasmus Wentworth. We now give brief sketches of the classes which graduated under President Finley. THE CLASS OF 1842 There were five members of the class — Thomas A. Brad- ford, Lloyd W. Brown, Jesse Haile Moore, George Lamb Roberts and Nathan Scarritt. THOMAS A. BR.ADFORD Thomas A. Bradford belonged to a Lebanon family, though we have very meager information concerning him. He was initiated into the Philosophian Society in 1840 and after his graduation went to California. Later he lived at Springfield, 111. and was prominent in Democratic political circles. DR. LLOYD W. BROWN Lloyd W. Brown became a physician and in after years, practiced his profession in Booneville, Mo., and later in Jacksonville, 111. He was a member of Philo. His last years were spent with some of his children at New Berlin, 111. GEN. JESSE H. MOORE Jesse Haile Moore had a remarkable career and was dis- tinguished in several different fields. He was an educator, a preacher, a soldier, and a statesman. He was born in St. Clair County, a member of the well known Moore family, his father fought in the Revolutionary War. In September of the year he was graduated, he was married to Miss Rachel Hynes of Davis County, Kentucky. He began his teaching career in the schools of Nashville, lUinois, and later taught in the seminaries of George- town, Paris, and Quincy. The last named afterward became Chaddock College. In 1 846, he was admitted to the Illinois Conference, and in 18 6, chang- ed from teaching to the work of the pastorate. In i86i, he be- came pastor of the First Methodist Church, Decatur, and a year later he resigned his church and entered the service of his country as Colonel of the 115th Illinois Volunteers. He con- tinued in the service till the end of the war. He was promoted JESSE H. MOORE One Hundred and FortyTi MC KENDREE for gallant and meritorious conduct on the field of battle and was mustered out as a Brigadier General. After the war, he returned to his ministerial duties and later became a Pre- siding Elder and also served as a member of the Book Com- mittee of the church. He also served two terms in Congress where he was a strong supporter of General Grant in his reconstruction policies. Later he was pension agent at Spring- field. In 1881, he was appointed United States Consul to Callao, Peru, South America. Accompanied by his wife, two sons, and a daughter-in-law, he went to this post of duty, where for two years he administered the office with great efficiency, and then he contracted yellow fever which caused his death, July 12, 188 j. An extract from a Callao paper shows the esteem in which he was held by the people among whom he had lived for two years. Last night. General Moore, United States Consul, died. The public life of the deceased was connected with the greatest poHtical and mili- tary events of his country. His voice as a publicist was the highest authority, and only matters of international politics detained him in this port where certainly there was no one holding the position of consul who could so much honor it. With a deep feeling which the death of a useful member of society, and particularly so distinguished a gentleman as Gen- eral Moore, always inspires, we offer in the name of the public whom we represent, the most feeling expression of sympathy to his respected family. His body was brought back and buried with military honors at his old home in Decatur. GEORGE L. ROBERTS George Lamb Roberts was born in Kaskaskia, Illinois, March 16, 1821. His early education was obtained under the care of a private tutor. He then entered McKendree and be, came a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was especially proficient in the classic studies. The same year that he was graduated he was licensed to preach, and the next year he was employed as a tutor in the classics in McKendree. He was a member of the faculty for several years, and also was secretary of the Board of Trustees. In 1845, when Dr. Akers was elected president for the second time he spent much time away from the college and Prof. Roberts was made acting president in the absence of the president. When the college suspended its regular work for a part of the year 1845, Pro- fessor Roberts took advantage of the opportunity to enter a Divinity School of the Episcopal Church. After a time he became rector of St. James Episcopal church at Vincennes, Indiana. Here he became acquainted with a Bishop and some of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. The diocese was in possession of a valuable library which had been res- cued from the chaos of the French Revolution and brought to Vincennes. Mr. Roberts was given the privilege of this library. He was scholarly inclined and of course appreciated the opportunity to delve into the writings of the Church Fathers. These priests were captivated by his intelligence and social qualities, and he likewise by their learning and refine- ment, the result was that he left the Episcopal Church and went to the Roman Catholic. He remained in the Catholic communion until his death, December 15, 1905. At one time he occupied a Chair m the Roman Catholic College of St. Mary ' s of the Lake, in Chicago. Afterward he moved to Old Mission, Michigan, on Grand Traverse Bay. He was married April 28, 1846 to Miss Virginia E. Horner, of Lebanon, a daughter of Nathan Horner, long a trustee of McKendree, and a sister of Henry Hypes Horner, a member of the first class in McKendree. The wedding ceremony was performed by Rev. Thornton Peeples. Their daughter, Vir- ginia L. Roberts was graduated from McKendree in the class of 1872. After the death of Mr. Roberts, his widow went to Los Angeles, where she lived till past the age of ninety. She died February 6, 1920. REV. NATHAN SCARRITT, D. D. Nathan Scarritt, was born near EdwardsviUe, Illinois, April 14, 1821, and died in Kansas City, Missouri, April 22,1890. He was the seven- th of twelve children. He grew up on his father ' s farm and at the age of six- teen entered McKendree. He paid his own way thru college by clearing timber from the campus, sawmt wood, and doing other forms of manual labor. He was graduated in 1842 with the highest honors of his class. He was a member of Philo. After teaching two years at Waterloo, Illinois, he went to Fayette, Missouri, where he taught with Dr. William T. Lucky of the class of 1841. These two McKendreans working together established a high school, out of which grew two successful colleges. Cen- tral and Howard-Paine, the latter for women. These are both leading institutions of the Methodist Church South, at the present day. Dr. Scarritt spent the remainder of his life as a NATHAN SCARRITT, D. D. One HuTidred and ForU-Three ::s : s member of the Southern Church and made his influence felt in a remarkable manner. His sister married William T. Lucky and his daughter married Bishop Eugene R. Hendrix of the Methodist Church South. His brother Isaac was long a mem- ber of the Illinois Conference of the Methodist Church and his brother Jotham was one of the charter members of the Southern Illinois Conference and for half a century a trustee of McKendree. Nathan Scarritt was a trustee and a leading benefactor of Central College as long as he lived. He made some fortunate investments which gave him command of a considerable portion of this world ' s goods and he always proved himself a good steward. He made a plan before his death which was carried out by his children whereby he be- came the donor of $40,000 and thus the chief founder of The Scarritt Bible and Training School for Missionaries in Kansas City. He also built at his own expense the Melrose Metho- dist Church in Kansas City and served as its pastor for many years. He was several times a delegate to the General Con- ference of his church and was always a wise and able coun- selor. Kansas City has recognized and honored him by giving his name to one of her fine ward schools, as well as to one of her leading streets and her most beautiful park, which is called Scarritt ' s Point. THE CLASS OF 1843 This class contained nine members and was the second to graduate under Dr. Finley ' s administration. There are no catalogues extant for the years 1841-1846. We find the names of the graduates of those years in the records of the Joint Board and a few facts are obtainable concerning the later life of some of them. THOMAS S. DOREY Thomas Sterling Dorey was born April 8, 1821, at Tren- ton, New Jersey. When he was quite young his parents moved to Ohio, and later to St. Louis, Missouri. From there he came to be a student at McKendree. He became a member of the Philosophian Society, and received his Bachelor ' s De- gree in 1843. After graduation, he entered one of the Medical Colleges in St. Louis, and in due time became a Medical Doctor. He served for some years as surgeon in the United States Marine Corps, which was the Navy of that day, and once made a voyage to China. He lived only ten years after his graduation and was never married. His death occurred February 16, 185J. DR. J. R. M. GASKILL James Riley Monroe Gaskill was born near Troy, Illinois, May 18, 1820. While in McKendree he was a member of Philo. After his graduation, he attended the McDowell Medical College, and from that institution received the de- gree of M. D. in 1854. The next year he went to Marine Mills, Minnesota, and there engaged in the flour milling business with the firm of Judd, Walker and Company until 1864. when he entered the Union Army as surgeon of the Forty-fifth Regiment of Illinois Infantry. He served in this capacity till the close of the war and marched with Sherman to the sea. After the war, he returned to Minnesota and engaged in the practice of medicine and the drug business until 1886 when he removed to Stillwater, Minnesota, and continued the practice of his profession until his death, which occurred April 7, 1894. He was a representative in the Terri- torial Legislature of Minnesota before it became a state and of its State Legislature in 1872-73. He was state inspector of prisons in Minnesota for three consecutive terms, and a mem- ber of the State Medical Society of Minnesota from the time of the Civil War. He was married in 1861 to Miss Clara Eldredge Hughs, of Greenville, Illinois. To them were born three sons and one daughter. Of these, only one son, Roy, survived the father. JUDGE WILLIAM H. SNYDER William Henry Snyder, son of Judge Adam W. Snyder, was born near Belleville, July 12, 1825. He spent several years as a student in McKendree, was a member of the Philosophian Society and received his A. B. degree in 1843. He served eighteen months in the Mexican War, holding the rank of First Lieutenant in the Fifth Regiment of Illinois Infantry. He studied law with Governor Koerner of Belleville and was admitted to the bar in 1845 before he went to the war. Later he held the positions of Postmaster of Belleville, State ' s Attorney of St. Clair County, and member of the Illinois Legislature. He was Judge of the twenty-fourth Judi- cial District from 1857 to 1861. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Illinois in 1869-70. In 1873, he was elected Judge of the twenty-second Judicial Circuit and served in this office three consecutive terms of six years each. He was married to Miss Jane E. Champion in June, 1859. He died December 24, 1892. FREDERICK A. SNYDER Frederick A. Snyder was born m St. Clair County, December 21, 1828, the same year that McKendree College was founded. Tho three years younger than his brother men- tioned above, he came to McKendree at the same time and graduated in the same class, read law and was admitted to the bar at the same time. He also served in the Mexican War and was a Second Lieutenant while his brother was First. He served till thecloseof the war and then went to California One Hundred and Fort -FouT i and located in San Francisco. Later he was a member of the Legislature of that state and was appointed with two others on a committee to revise the statutes of the state. He died at Lake Bigler, California, July 23, i8 ' J4, only eleven years after his graduation. A third brother of this family, John F. Snyder, did not graduate from McKendree, but be- came a physician and practiced medicine for many years in Virginia, Illinois. He was for many years president of the Illinois Historical Society, and the biographer of his father. Judge Adam W. Snyder, who, after a long and useful career, died suddenly after he had been nominated for Governor ot Illinois, with a prospect of almost certain election, had he lived a few months longer. DR. JOHN L. HALLAM John Locker Hallam was born near Brassington, Derby- shire, England, m February, 1819, and died at Centralia, Illinois, June 15, 1894. His father ' s family, consisting of parents and four children, came to Edwards County, Illinois, in 1827, and from that time on he was a resident of Illinois. He graduated from McKendree in 1843,, receiving the degree of A. B. He then took up the study of medicine and in 1846, received the degree of M. D. from the institution later known as the Missouri Medical College, in St. Louis. He began the practice of his profession in Louisville, Illinois, where he was married July 4, 1850 to Sarah G. Green, daughter of Doctor Peter Green, of that place. They had two children, William Locker and Bessie, now both deceased. In 1854, he moved to Centralia, and the same year his wife died. Twelve years after, m 1866, he was married to Mrs. Sarah A. Doyle. To them were born three daughters and one son. The son, John C. Hallam, attended McKendree and then studied medicine, giving promise of a brilliant career. He was assistant for a time to the famous surgeon. Dr. A. C. Bernays. He also travelled abroad. After some years of practice he was com- pelled by ill health to give up his work and died in 1914. The elder Dr. Hallam, besides being a successful physician, was a useful and public spirited citi2;en. He served several terms as a member of the city council in CentraHa, and also as a member of the Board of Education. He was United States Pension Examiner, physician for the Illinois Central Railroad, a Mason, being a charter member of Centralia Lodge No. 201, established in 1856. He also belonged to the Centrailia Chapter No. 93, Royal Arch Masons, and to the Methodist Church. Of the other four members of this class we have very slight information. James McAllister hved in St. Louis and Ira Wakefield in Lebanon. Both were members of the Philo- sophian Society. The names of George W. Leach and Wick- liffe Price do not appear m the Philo records, so of them we can only say th.it they graduated in 184J, receiving the de- gree of Bachelor of Arts. A later word concerning Mr. McAllister is that he went to Washington, D. C. soon after his graduation, and obtained a clerkship in one of the departments of the government. Three years later he died of tuberculosis. He was never married. J. L. SCRIPPS The class of 1844 consisted of only one man, but measured by the lasting results attained it was as large as some classes which contained a dozen or a score of members. John Locke Scripps was born February 27, 1818, just a few months before Illinois became a state. He was of English ancestry. His father, George H. Scripps, settled near Cape Girardeau, Mis- souri where he engaged in the practice of law. He was a member of the convention which framed the constitution of the state of Missouri and later a member of the Legistalure. In 1836, he emancipated his slaves and moved to the free state of Illinois, locating at Rushville. Here John L. worked in his father ' s tannery and taught school. Later he entered McKendree and graduated with the A. B. degree in 1844. He then studied law and in 1847 went to Chicago and began the practice of his profession. After a few years he decided that journalism was more to his taste and accordingly pur- chased an interest in the newly established Chicago Tribune. Mr. Bross in his History of Chicago, states that Mr. Scripps was the Tribune ' s writer and editorial manager. He says, Mr. Scripps ' literary abiU- ties were of a high order; his style chaste, lucid and simple;his reasoning powers always strong and cogent; his arguments well timed, condensed and straight to the point. His invariably dignified and gentlemanly bearing, joined with these qualities, resulted m the elevation of the Chicago press and formed the founda- tion of the power it has jqhn LOCKE SCRIPPS since become. For political reasons, Mr. Scripps withdrew from the Tribune and start- ed the Democratic Press in i8 ' i2. However, in iS ' io, the Press was consolidated with the Tribune and Mr. Scripps became the Editorin-Chief In that year he publish- Hundred and FortyFns ed a biography of Abraham Lincoln which was used as a campaign document and was doubtless one of the influences that caused his election to the presidency. From 1861 to 1865, Scripps was Postmaster of Chicago. This important post he filled with great acceptabiHty. During the Civil War, he showed his patriotism by organizing and equipping at his own expense. Company C of the Seventy-second Regiment, Ilhnois Volunteers, well known during the war as the Scripps Guards. In 1865, he ventured into a new field of activity and be- came a partner in the banking firm of Scripps, Preston and Kean, of Chicago. H is marriage occurred October 24, 1848, when he was united with Mary E. Blanchard of Greenville, Illinois. They had three children, of whom George died in 1902, Mary Virginia died in infancy and Grace married Mr. F. B. Dyche, of Evanston, lUinois. Mrs. Scripps died in Jan- uary, 1866, and her husband in September of the same year. The class of 1845 had just two members of whom brief sketches follow. HON, FRANCIS HEREFORD Francis Hereford was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, July 4, 1825. His ancestors were English and Scotch. His grandfather, Francis Hereford, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. His father, Francis Hereford, moved from Vir- ginia to Missouri where he practiced law until his death in 1 8-; I. Young Francis at- tended McKendree and graduated in 1845 with the degree of A. B. He belonged FRANCIS HEREFORD to the Philo Society. He studied law and then went to Cali- fornia in 1849. He was elected District Attorney of Sacra- mento in 1855. He afterward went to Virginia City, Nevada, where he remained till 1866. He then returned to the East and settled in Union, West Virginia. In 1868, he was Demo- cratic presidential elector, casting his vote for Seymour and Blair. In 1870, he was elected as one of the representatives of West Virginia, to the 42nd Congress. He was re-elected in 1S72, and again in 1874. In 1877, he was elected United States Senator by the Legislature of West Virginia. He was married in 1858 to Rebecca C. Pearis, of Sacra- mento, who died in 1866. In 1872, he was married to Alice B. Caperton, in West Virginia. Of this union were born two sons and two daughters. Senator Hereford died December 21, 1891. FREDERICK SPIES Frederick Spies was born in Bavaria, Germany, Septem- ber 8, 1822. In his nineteenth year he came to America, arriving at St. Louis in January, 1842. He entered McKendree and graduated in 184 with the degree of A. B. He then studied law in Transylvania University at Lexington, Ken- tucky. He was admitted to the bar at Belleville in 1846, and at St. Louis in 1849. In the latter city he spent the remainder of his life. He was married January 6, 1847, to Miss Julia A. Gray. To them were born seven children, three sons and four daughters, all of whom died young except two, Mary L. and Fannie. His wife died February i, i860. On March i, i86j he was married to Lisette Crecelius, daughter of John P. Crecelius of St. Louis County. To this union one son was born in 1866. Mr. Spies enjoyed the distinction of being the oldest living graduate for many years before his death which occurred in St. Louis, January i, 191 1. One Hundred and FortySi, CHAPTER XII. President Wentworth ' s Adm eRASTUS Wentworth was born m Stonington, Con- necticut, August 5, 1813. In his early youth he at- tended the Congregational Church at Norwich, Connecticut, hut in 1831 was converted in a Methodist re- vival and from that time on he was a Methodist. In 1832, he became a student in Cazenovia Seminary in New York State. In 1834, he entered the Wesleyan University at Mid- dletown, from which institution he graduated three years later. He then taught natural science in the academy at Gov, erneur. New York, for several years. In 1841, he joined the Black River Conference, and was appointed to teach m Troy Conference Academy at Poultney, Vermont. In 1846, he was elected president of McKendree, in which position he re- mained four years. In the summer of 1846, after a temporary suspension of a few months on account of financial diificulties, the Board of Trustees decided that the college must open as usual that fall. So they acted on the suggestion of Rev. Davis Goheen and advertised for professors who, instead of salaries, would be willing to accept the regular Methodist itinerant preachers ' allowance, estimated in the usual way, according to the size of his family; and to be raised by the people in collections and contributions of cash and provisions, but chiefly the latter. A considerable number answered the ad- vertisement and out of these the Board selected the faculty. Dr. Wentworth, writing in the Central Advocate thirty years after, gives a very interesting account of his experience at McKendree. The writer was not an applicant, but was chosen presi- dent without previous consultation. The position was readily accepted, though at a pecuniary sacrifice, as a providential opening to get a consumptive wife out of cold Vermont into the milder Mississippi valley. A move which doubtless pro- longed her life several years. The kindly ex-president, Dr. John W. Merrill, whom I met at the Eastham Camp Meeting that summer, said to me. Take a library with you and devote the next few years to study. It will be a perfect burial with- out books. ' The advice, alas, could not be followed. But it was hardly necessary. The next four years were the busiest of a busy life. I was constantly preaching, lecturing, teaching, writing, dedicating churches, attending camp meetings, con- ferences, conventions, and conducting a weekly paper, the Lebanon Journal, the modest bud which at length bloomed into the full flowered and richly flavored ' Central Christian Advocate. ' DR. E. WENTWORTH The voluntary support system worked well. My allowance ' was less than three hundred dol lars a year, on which I laid up money, while I ran in debt at Dick- inson on a salary of a thou- sand. Our neighbors, the prairie farmers, were espec- ially liberal to the new pro- fessors who preached every Sunday m their school houses, bringing m corn and ' side meat ' more than we could possibly make use of. One brother put into my log crib forty bushels of Indian corn for five dollars. I give you the corn, he said, ' I only charge you a bit {i2}4 cents) a bushel for hauling it. ' We had a cow and her keeping, pigs, poultry, and a vegetable garden which it was next to impossible to protect from the wolfish hogs that ranged the woods, and made no bones of forcing pickets and could scale a six rail fence with the agility of a raccoon. Lovely were those years in that broad college campus with Its sunlit lawns, its graceful swells, its huge tr ees, the home of contemplation and retirement, yet made lively by the shouts of students with their games of ' shinney ' and foot ball. Cottages nestled among the trees, as cosy, if not as handsome, as those provided for the accommodation of the guests at Saratoga. The college building itself was spacious, but a terrible eye sore. It took a fancy to burn down a few years after and everybody said, in view of its past utility, ' Pax cineribus. ' Built in early times before the age of saw mills, it was sheathed with rived clap boards and looked like a superannuated distillery. On its front gable rested a little bell from which the rope dangled to the ground between the front doors. One of our first improvements was to build a cupola and remove the bell to the center of the building. We remodelled and reseated the chapel, made the library and rec itation rooms cheerful with paint, paper, and white- wash, doing much of the work with our own hands. We followed the bad habit of the olden time, now happily abandoned, of early morning prayers; and compelled the boys to get up in the dark and cold, to go through, with freezing fingers, yawning muscles, drooping eye-lids, and empty stom- One Hundred and Forty-Seven |mc KENDREE rs . . ,.. achs, the forms of devotion which it was deemed an act of piety to shirk as often as possible. We commiserated the offenders against this barbardus college regulation, made jus- tice do homage to mercy, and occasionally excused a poor wight for sleeping over. The bell, small as it was, waked the old building at six in the dark winter mornings, as it would wake the dead; and yet many a drousy youth escaped debt marks with the plea ' Didn ' t hear the bell. ' One day dry Tom Harrison ' of Belleville presented himself at the office with a lugubrious face as a candidate for excuse from prayers the morning previous. ' What is your excuse, sir? ' Didn ' t hear the bell, sir ! ' ' What ! You rooming away up among the rafters, right under the cupola, why didn ' t you hear the bell? ' ' Be- cause, sir, ' said he with imperturbable face, but with light- ning glance of waggery from his sharp blue eyes, ' The rope made so much noise, sir. ' He was excused. In 1850, Dr. Wentworth left McKendree to become pro- fessor of science in Dickinson College. Four years later he was appointed as missionary to China where he spent eight years and saw the opening of what proved to be one of the most successful of Methodist missions in heathen lands. After his return to the United States, he spent some years in the pastorate in New York State and Massachusetts. He was three times a member of the General Conference, in 1868, 1872 and 1876. The General Conference of 1876 elected him Editor of the Ladies ' Repository and Book Editor of the Western Book Concern at Cincinnati. Also in 1876, he was made a member of the committee of fifteen appointed to revise the Methodist Hymnal. His death occurred May 25, 1886, when he was in his seventy-fourth year, at Sandy Hill, near Troy, New York. At McKendree in those days, the President was always Professor of Mental and Moral Science. His colleagues were Rev. Anson W. Cummings, A. M., Professor of Mathe- matics and Natural Sciences; Rev. Spencer Mattison, A. M., Professor of Ancient Languages and Literature; and Rev. William Goodfellow, Principal of the Preparatory Depart- ment. At the regular annual meeting of the Board for 1847, the President reported a full year of scholastic work, though on account of the vicissitudes thru which the college had recently passed, there was no graduating class ready. But Rev. William L. Deneen, who on account of ill health rather than age, was on the superannuated list, having availed him- self of the privilege provided by a rule passed some years before, had prepared himself and successfully passed examina- tion on the entire scientific course, and on recommendation of the faculty, was granted the degree of Bachelor of Science. This was the first time that degree was conferred by McKen- dree and Mr. Deneen was the graduating class for that year. A sketch of his life will be found in the History of the City of Lebanon. At a later session of the Board, two other members were added to the Faculty. Dr. Sylvanus M. E. Goheen was elected Professor of Physiology and Comparative Anatomy. His name appears on the Faculty page in the catalogue for the year 1847-48. Dr. William Nast of Cincinnati was elected Professor of German, but he evidently did not accept the place since his n ime does not appear in any of the catalogues. At a meeting in July, 1848, the Rev. Ernest Kern, A. M., of the Missionary Institute of Basle, Switzerland, was elected to the Chair of German, a chair which at that time had no real existence. A notification of his election was sent him, but he also failed to appear. However, in the catalogue of 1849, Michael Mummert is announced as the teacher of German. German was his Mother tongue and he was said to be an efficient teacher, tho he was at the same time a student m the Preparatory department of the college. But after one year the German department was allowed to lapse for a few years. Dr. Goodfellow was a very important mem- ber of the faculty since he had charge of the Preparatory De- partment which contained a majority of all the students enrolled. In 1848, he was charged with the additional respon- sibility of establishing a Normal Department. However, it did not materialize till many years after. In 1849, he reported his work in soliciting funds for a new building. He was so successful in this work that he was excused from teaching that he might devote his whole time to raising money for the building enterprise. G. N. Poston was appointed to teach in his stead. He (Goodfellow) succeeded in raising $10,000 for the building, which was several times as much as the first building cost. The col lege was now on the up- grade. This was a substan- tial three story brick build- ing, well constructed and a real credit to the institution for that day. The corner stone waslaidonCommence- ment Day, 1850. The build- ing was constructed during the following year and com- pleted on June if, US ' ;:. These exact d.ites are PROF. W. GOODFELLOW One Hundred and Forty-Eight established by records in the diary of Capt. Henry C. Fike, who was a student in McKendree at the time. This building now known as OldMain is therefore the oldest building on the grounds, and perhaps is still the most substantial of the nine that now compose the group of college buildings. After this successful achievement, Dr. Goodfellow felt that his best work in this field was accomplished and that it would be better for him to pass on to other fields. His father-in-law, Rev. John Dempster, who was one of the founders of Garrett Biblical Institute, and who received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from McKendree in 1 848, had spent a number of his most active years as a missionary in South America. Dr. and Mrs. Good- fellow felt that they would like to carry on the work which Mrs. Goodfellow ' s father had established. Therefore, not long after leaving McKendree, they sailed for the southern hemisphere and did a monumental work in Argentina, es- pecially in the city of Beunos Ayres. They returned to the United States in 1869, and spent their declining years in Evanston. Sometime in the nineties when Dr. Chamberlin was president of McKendree, the aged Dr. Goodfellow vis- ited the scenes of his early labors by special invitation and spent a commencement with us. Dr. Wentworth also, as previously stated, after a few years more of college work, went to the foreign mission fields. There must have been something of the missionary spirit in the McKendree atmos- phere in those days. There was a romance in the life of the circuit rider and the pioneer educator that often fired him with enthusiasm to reach even more remote and more difficult fields, which he could only find in the foreign mission fields. The following incident occurred in Dr. Wentworth ' s term at McKendree; Several of the students who had an appreciation of good music were anxious to hear the famous singer, Jenny Lmd, who was to appear m St. Louis. President Wentworth having learned that a request for permission to make the trip to St. Louis was likely to come to him (a rule of the college in those days required a student to secure permission before leaving town), and feeling that the parents of the students might not approve the two days absence from their studies which a trip to St. Louis required at that time, decided to avoid an unpleasant refusal by hastening his own departure a few hours. The trip was made in those days by stage or private conveyance. The boys found the President had gone and his representative had no authority to grant the desired leave of absence. So they decided to take the risk of going without It. They procured a team of some sort for the drive to St. Louis and the late afternoon found them in the city where Jenny Lind was to sing. But being mud-spattered and hungry, they sought a moderate priced hotel where they might clean up and refresh themselves a little before time for the concert. There in the lobby of the hotel to which they happened to go they found the President himself, whiling away the hours before the concert with some acquaintances. The recognition between the boys and their President was immediate and mutual. Neither could ignore the other. So the leader of the truant music -lovers, with great presence of mind and a serious countenance, walked up to the President and told him they had come all the way to St. Louis to ask his permission to attend the Jenny Lind Concert. The President could see a joke himself, especially when it was as plain as that, and perhaps feeling that he had been outwitted in his effort to avoid an unpleasant duty, generously granted the permission and immunity from discipline, on their return home next day. And so the boys and their President heard the famous Jenny Lind together. THE CLASS OF 1848 In the class of 1848, there were eight regular graduates besides two who had received their Bachelor ' s Degree at the Indiana Asbury University, at Greencastle, but were receiv- ing their master ' s degree from McKendree with this class. These were Rev. James A. Jaquess and Rev. Oliver S. Mun- sell. The former was the first president of the Illinois Women ' s College, at Jacksonville, and later Colonel of the 73rd Reg- iment, Illinois Volunteers, during the Civil War, and the other was for eighteen years President of the Illinois Wes- leyan University, at Bloomington. In 1876, he moved to Kansas and in 1880-81, he was a member of the Kansas Legis ' lature. The regular members of the class were Thomas Ogles- One Hundred and FortyXi, by Harrison, Cornelius Gooding Harrison, George Huston Holliday, George Lunceford Phelps, James Henry Roberts, Henry Clay Talbot, Samuel Kinney Thomas, and Daniel White. The Harrison fimily were among the early settlers of Belleville and will be found prominently mentioned in the history of St. Clair County. There are no less than eight Harrisons of this particular family in the roster of JMcKendree students, and Mrs. Charles Harrison may be considered the ninth. She was Ida Blanck of Lebanon before her marriage. THOMAS OGLESBY HARRISON Thomas Oglesby Harrison was born at Belleville, May i , 1827. He graduated from McKendree, July 19, 1848, and in the spring of 185c, he and his brother went to California, when so many were .seeking their fortunes in the gold fields. They went overland by the slow travel of the covered wagon. However, he did not find a fortune nor a permanent resi- dence, but came near losing his health. The next year, he returned, not across the plains, but by steamer around Cape Horn. A year later he was married to Eliza J. Calbreath. Their oldest child, Hugh, had Wentworth for his middle name, in honor of Dr. Wentworth, who was President of McKendree when the Harrisons were graduated. They had six other children, tho two of them died in infancy. After en- gaging in the milling business until i86o, he moved to Has- tings, Minnesota, where he lived until his death which oc- curred Feb. 20, 1863. His widow returned to Belleville to live . CORNELIUS GOODING HARRISON Cornelius G. Harrison, brother of Thomas, was in the same class with him, and went to California with him. Later he returned and they engaged in the milling business to, gether. But after the death of the elder brother in Minne- sota, the younger went back to California, where he made his permanent home and engaged in the banking business at San Jose. He was married to Sarah J. Spruance in 1857. They had five children, of whom two grew to maturity. His death occurred in 1904. Hugh G. Harrison, an uncle of the two above mentioned, attended McKendree as early as 1842, but did not graduate GEORGE HUSTON HOLLIDAY George H. Holliday was born at Harrisburg, Kentucky, August 5, 1824. After finishing his course at McKendree in 1848, he settled in Macoupin County, Illinois, and for several years served as County Surveyor. Later he published the Spectator at Carlinville, the County Seat of the same county. During the term i8 ' ;5-i857 he was a member of the Illinois Legislature. In 1867, he was appointed a member of the commission to erect a new court house. He was married to Cinderella Chism in 1852. To them, six children were born, four boys and two girls. GEORGE L. PHELPS George L. Phelps was born in St. Clair County on a farm near the boundary line between St. Clair and Monroe Counties. He grew up in rural districts, took a course in mathematical studies under Rev. Wm. L. Deneen before he entered McKendree. He was a cousin of Col. Risdon M. Moore. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. After his graduation, he returned to his agricultural pursuits which he followed with great diligence and a high degree of success. He lived only ten years after his graduation. He was never married. His death occurred December j, 18 8 HENRY C. TALBOT Henry Clay Talbot was born in Louisville, Kentucky, August 14, 1825. He came to Monroe County, Illinois about 1840. After his graduation, he engaged in newspaper work in Waterloo, 111. In 1853, he was the publisher of the Monroe Advertiser, and in 1858, he became the publisher of the Monroe Patriot. Later he was admitted to the bar. In 1862, he was elected to the Illinois Legislature. Beginning in 1868, he served four years on the State Board of Equaliza- tion. In 1872, he became County Judge of his county and held this office for four years. In his earlier life, he spent some years teaching, and he was always interested in educational affairs. He died Sept. 29, 1874. SAMUEL K. THOMAS Samuel Kinney Thomas was born at the residence of Hon. William Kinney, four miles northeast of Belleville, who was his kinsman. He left college to enter the Mexican War. He was in the battle of Buena Vista. After the war, he returned to college and graduated in 1848. He was a member of Philo. He received the B. S. Degree, but he desired to do the necessary work in the classics to entitle him to secure the A. B. Degree, so he entered college again, but before he had time to accomplish this purpose, he died from an attack of cholera, July 23, i84q. JAMES HENRY ROBERTS James H. Roberts was born at Kaskaskia, Illinois, Decem- ber 12, 1825. His ancestors on his father ' s side came from England with William Penn, and both parents were de- scended from Quakers. When his grandmother Gibson was a little girl, she sat on General Washington ' s knee when he made his temporary headquarters at her father ' s house just after the Battle of Brandywine. His father was a merchant, One Hundred and Fifiy JAMES H. ROBERTS and in his youth James as- sisted in the store, but he never seemed drawn toward that Hne of work. For a time he attended a private school kept byRev.Hubbell Loomis who was afterward prom- inently connected with Shurtleff College. While a student at McKendree, he was a member of Philo and took great interest m de- bates. Even before he grad- uated in 1848, he visited the Law School of Transylvania University at Lexington, Kentucky. While|_ there. ,he, heard Henry Clay make his great speech on the WilmotProviso. Some of his relatives wished him to be a physician, and to please them, he gave the matter a try-out. He says, For weeks I read works on human anatomy with a naked skeleton before me. But he failed to get any inspiration in that line, and he soon took up the law in earnest. He studied law with Hon. Ed- ward Bates, who was afterward Attorney General in Mr. Lincoln ' s cabinet. He first established a law office as a member of a law firm in Vincennes, Indiana. A year or two later, in 1855, he began practice in Chicago, the city which his father had helped to lay out m 1829 when he was a member of the Illinois Canal Commission. Mr. Roberts had very little to do with public life or office holding. He was for two years a member of the City Council of Chicago. He soon became disgusted with the political methods he saw practiced there. He says, I resolved to seek no further public position, be- lieving that in the practice of my profession lay my happiness and welfare. He was admitted to practice in the United States Supreme Court in 1864. His first term in this court enabled him to hear arguments by some of the great lawyers of the country, such as Reverdy Johnson, William H. Seward, James T. Brady and others. He says, During my stay in Washington in that court session, I saw Abraham Lincoln for the last time. I scarcely remember how early I came to know him as a boy; but early in the thirties, when I lived in Springfield, I saw him almost daily. I heard him debate with Douglas in Springfield in 1854. Again I heard them debate m 1858. I heard Lincoln ' s great speech in Chicago in 1861, just at the outbreak of the Civil War. I was also a personal friend of Douglas, and was at his home when he received Lincoln ' s challenge to a joint debate in 1858. In fact, it may be said of this remarkable McKendrean that he lived during some portion of the life of every presi- dent of the United States, except Washington, down to Woodrow Wilson. He was born the year before John Adams died, and he died June 25, 1920, just before the end of Wil- son ' s administration. He was personally acquainted with sev- eral of them, as well as with other illustrious men who might be regarded as unsuccessful candidates, as Webster, Clay, Douglas, and including William Jennings Bryan, with whose father he was a fellow student at McKendree. Mr. Roberts was twice married. First to Harriet E. Smith, September 16, 1863. Their children were Lucretia B., and James Henry, but the son died in infancy. Some years later his wife died. His second marriage was to Susan M. Slater, November 10. 1870. They had one daughter who died when only a year old. DANIEL WHITE The other member of this class, Daniel White, came from a Carlyle family. He belonged to Philo, was a lawyer, and in his later life practiced his p rofession in San Antonio, Texas. We have not been able to secure further information concerning him, except that he died in 1865. THE CLASS OF 18-19 This class consisted of thirteen members whose names are as follows: Reuben Andrus, Silas Lillard Bryan, William Hugh Corrington, Robert DoUahon, Wesley Davidson, Jos- eph Windsor Drury, Thomas Asbury Eaton, John T. Foster, Joseph N. King, William W. King, William Spencer Pope, Hiram Sears, and Thomas O. Springer. Concerning three of these men we do not have sufficient information to justify a separate sketch. These are Robert Dollahon, Wesley Davidson, and John T. Foster. They were all three members of Philo. Davidson enrolled from Jonesboro and Dollahon from Lawrenceville. The former was a lawyer and the latter a farmer. Foster ' s residence is given in the old catalogue as Pleasant Point, 111. In after years, he became a minister of the gospel. Brief biographies of all the others follow. REUBEN ANDRUS D. D. Reuben Andrus was born in Rutland, New York, Jan- uary 29, 1824. In early life he emigrated to Illinois. He was a student for three years in the Illinois College at Jackson- ville, but graduated from McKendree after having completed the classical course in 1849, receiving the degree of A. B. Later he received the degree of A. M. and in 1868 his Alma Mater honored him with the degree of Doctor of Divinity. The year after his graduation, in 1850, he was admitted to the Illinois Conference. Though a minister of the gospel. One Hundred and FijtyOn he had a long career in educational work. Among the var- ious positions he held were the following: Principal of the Preparatory Department of the Illinois Wesleyan Univer- sity, President of Quincy College, President of the Illinois Female College, and President of the Indiana Asbury Uni- versity. In 1867, he was transferred to the Indiana Confer- ence. He was a member of the General Conference of 1876. While in McKendree, he belonged to the Philo Society. He died at Indianapolis, Indiana, January 17, 1887. JUDGE SILAS LILLARD BRYAN Silas Lillard Bryan was born near Sperryville, Virginia, November 4, 1822. His parents were John and Nancy (Lillard) Bryan. He was one of the younger children of a large family. His parents died when he was about fourteen years of age, and soon afterward he came to Illinois to hve with some older members of the family who had already gone west to hve. He was ambitious to secure an education, and by his own energy and indus- try, he made his way thru college. An old building is still standing (1912) in the west edge of the city of Lebanon, where he and a fellow student kept batch and chopped wood during their college days. He completed the classical course at McKendree and received the degree of A. B. in 1849. Later he received the Master ' s Degree. He was a member of the Philosophian Lit- erary Society. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 18 1. He located at Salem to engage in the practice of law. In 1852, he was married to Miss Mariah Elizabeth Jen, nings. To them were born nine children, of whom five grew to maturity. Among them the famous William Jennings Bryan. From 1852 to i860 Mr. Bryan was a member of the Illinois State Senate. From that date till 1872, he was Judge of the Circuit Court. In 1872, he was nominated as a can- didate for Congress on the Democratic ticket, but failed of election by a small margin. After his retirement from the bench, he practiced law at Salem for the remainder of his active life. He died at Jacksonville, 111., March jo, 1880. Judge James H. Roberts, who graduated just the year be- fore Bryan, tells this incident about his career in McKendree: SILAS L. BRYAN Mr. Bryan was a hard student and stood in the front rank of scholarship, but he was a confirmed to- bacco chewer. The expec- torations of the young men indulging in this habit, es- pecially in thecoUege chapel. drew down on them a sharp rebuke from one of the New England professors who would not be reconciled to this bad Western habit. Bryan regarded it as aimed at him particularly, as it was well known that he WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN McKendree conferred LL. D. degree upon him stood at the front, if he were not the very chief offender. The reprimand immediately followed the morning prayer in the chapel service. Thereupon Bryan rose in his place and in a few words vindicated the tobacco habit as almost universal, and said he would not tamely submit to the public reprimand nor the abuse of any man, and especially before the assembled faculty and fellow students, without resenting it. His re- marks created consternation among the students, but instead of expulsion, as they had feared, they brought immediate apology from the professor, who admitted that he had spoken sharply, and perhaps without due consideration, and certain- ly with no intentions of hurting the feelings of Mr. Bryan. It is needless to say that the tobacco habit was not quelled. Mr. Bryan was a man of deep religious convictions and a member of the Baptist church. While on the bench as Circuit Judge, it was his custom to open court with prayer, claiming that altho the practice was without precedent, yet the Senate and House of Representatives, not only of Illinois, but of the nation, were opened with prayer, and the courts equally needed divine aid in the administration of justice. This pious father instilled into the mind of his son, William J., those religious principles which were always carried into his public career without the taint of hypocrisy, even amid the demor- alizing associations of party politics, and which secured for him the admiration of even his most inveterate opponents. REV. WILLIAM HUGH CORRINGTON William Hugh Corrington was born in Harrison County, Kentucky, March 28, 1826. He entered McKendree in 1847 and graduated with the degree of B. S. in 1849. Later, he re-entered college, and after completing the classical course, he graduated with the class of i8 ' )j, receiving the One Hundred and Fifty-Two JOSEPH W. DRURY degree of A. B. He w.is a member of the Philosophian Society. During the first two years after leaving college, he taught school at Chester and Rockford, Illinois, and acted as agent for McKendree Col- lege. In 1855, he was elected president of the Southern Illi- nois Female College at Salem, which position he held for eight years. He was .idmitted on trial to the Southern Illi- nois Conference in 1861, but did not become a pastor until 1864, when he was appointed to Vandalia. He served two years each at Vandaha, Flora, and Belleville, and then in 1870, was appointed presiding elder of the Lebanon district. After two years of service on the district, he died at Belleville, June 6, 1872. He was twice married. First to Maria Blackwell, October 31, 1853. Of this union one child was born, Alice Murray. The second mar- riage was to Mary A. Smith, January 30, 1857. Their chil- dren were James Courtney, Herschel Knox, Haller Smith, and Rhoda May. JOSEPH W. DRURY Joseph Windsor Drury was born in St. Louis, February 5, 1832. He graduated from McKendree in 1849, receiving the degree of B. S. He was one of the founders of the Pla- tonian Literary Society. During the Civil War, he was Pro- vost Marshal of Monroe County, Illinois; and for three terms, served as sheriff and collector of his county. Dur- ing the session of the fifty-third Congress, he served as newspaper clerk in Washington, D. C. He was a member of the Illinois Legislature for two terms, and also was a member of the State Board of Equalization. He died at Water- loo, Illinois, March 4, 1902. REV. THOMAS A. EATON Thomas Alexander Eaton was born October 22, 1825, at Anchorage, near Louisville, Kentucky. He was one of the several children given to Thomas and Sarah Eaton. In 1836, the f amily moved to Illinois and settled near Edwards- viUe. February 22, 1844, he was married to Miss Louisa M. Dougherty. Within a year his wife died, and soon after, their child. In the midst of this great sorrow, the impression was deepened in his mind that he ought to preach the gospel. Feeling his lack of preparation, he once at set about secur- THOMA3 A. EATON ing an education. He spent several years at McKendree, became a member of the Philosophian Society, and graduated in 1849 with the B. S. degree. He entered the Illinois Con- ference in 1850, and in the division of 1852, became a mem- ber of the Southern Illinois Conference, and was ordained by Bishop Ames. He was a faithful minister of the gospel in active service for 42 years, having served one term as pre- siding elder of the Lebanon District. He was a delegate to the General Conference of 1868, which met in Chicago. He was a member of the Board of Trustees of McKendree for forty years, until he re- signed the post in 1894. The college conferred upon him the degree of D. D. in 1887. The last fourteen years of his life were spent at the home of his son in Kansas City, Kansas. He passed to his reward Octo- ber 20, 1907. In Carlyle, Illinois, November 6, i8 ' )4, he was married to Miss Joanna Webster, with whom he travelled the journey of life for more than half a century. To them were born seven children, of whom three sons and three daughters survived their parents. JOSEPH N. KING Joseph Nicholas King was born near White Hall, Illinois, June 28, 1830. He was the son of Joseph and Sarah (Lindsey) King, who were both natives of England, though the mother was of Scotch ancestry on one side. He was the oldest of four children. Both his parents died before he was twelve years of age, and the four children went to live with an uncle, William King, who resided near Jacksonville, Illinois. While still a mere youth, he entered McKendree College and was graduated in the class of 1849, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society The next year after his graduation, he was married to Eliza- beth Rawlins Morrow, March 3, 1850. They located on a farm near White Hall, where they spent the remainder of their lives. They were the parents of nine children, William Joseph, Francis Edward, James Nicholas, Margaret Elizabeth, Mary Lenthall, Sarah Rebecca, Albert Henry, Frederic Charles, and Rachel Ellen. William and James died m child- hood. The others grew to maturity, are all married and en- gaged in various vocations in life. Mr. King wa s a member :d and F.fty-Three IM c KENDREE s: ; . of the Methodist Church, Hved a consistent Christian Ufe, and trained his children in the ways of righteous hving. He never accumulat- ed large wealth, but was a successful farmer and a useful citizen. He died at his home February 25, 1885. WILLIAM W. KING William W. King was born in Green County, Illinois, April 22, 1832. He was a son of Joseph and Sarah King, of whom the former was born in England and the latter in Scotland. His early life was spent on the farm in Green County, where he attended the public schools and afterward McKendree Col- lege, from which he graduated in 1849, with the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After graduation, he gave his time to farm- ing and teaching for some years. During the years of the Civil War, he gave his services to his country in the Union army. After the war, he was in the mercantile business m Quincy, Illinois for ten years. In 1876, he moved with his family to Lewis County, Missouri, where he resided on a farm till 1905. He then lived three years in Brookfield, and then in Rich Hill, Missouri until his death, which occurred May 17, iqi2, after he had attained the ripe age of full four score years. He was a man of bright mind, a great reader, and possessed inventive ability, having secured patents on several useful inventions. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church from early life till the time of his death He was married April 7, 1852 to Miss Martha F. Benier. Their four daughters are now Mrs. Fanny Hubbard and Mrs. J. A. Bailey of Lewistown, Mo., Mrs. J. E. Bailey of Rich Hill, and Mrs. J. F. Turner of Brookfield, Mo. MAJOR WILLIAM S. POPE William Spencer Pope was born near Hopkinsville, Ken- tucky, April 25, 1827,, and died in St. Louis, December 24, 1906, in his eightieth year. His parents were Abraham and Elizabeth (Farley) Pope. They had five children — all sons — of whom William was the third. He became a student in McKendree some time during the forties and in 1849 re- ceived the degree of B. S. He then continued his studies in college, devoting special attention to the classics, and in 1852 received the degree of A. M. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. In his last two years in college, he served as tutor in Mathematics and was re- tained for a time after his graduation as adjunct professor. In 185J, he moved to northern Illinois, and for several years THOM.AS O SPRINGER was active as a teacher in Mount Morris Col- lege, editor, and public lecturer. He also con- tinued his law studies, begun at McKendree, and was admitted to the bar in Chicago. Dur- ing the Lincoln campaign of i860, he publish- ed a Republican paper at Mt. Morris, Ogle County, 111. Early in the Civil War, Governor Yates commissioned him to go south and look after the interests of the Illinois troops. He fitted up a hospital boat, took it south, and re- turned with it filled with wounded soldiers, after the battle of Shiloh. Later, Major Pope, as he was now called, accompanied Governor Yates to Washington to see President Lincoln in regard to the prosecution of the war, and the part of their state in it. He was made a paymaster in the army, was brevetted Lieut. -Colonel, and continued in the service till the close of the war. General Grant then recom- mended his appointment as paymaster in the regular army, but he declined the honor, having decided to return to the practiceof law. He located in St. Louis, and in a short time became one of the leading members of the Missouri Bar. The only public office he ever held was that of member of the 26th General Assembly of Missouri. He was a leader of the Republicans of the lower house, and one of the foremost champions of the act which secured for St. Louis the large tract of land now known as Forest Park. He was married December 20, 1866 to Miss Caroline E. Moore, daughter of Captain Henry J. Moore, of St. Louis. Their three chil- dren are Annie E., now Mrs. William L. Boeckeler of St. Louis, Carrie F., now Mrs. George B. McBean of Chicago, and William S. Pope of St. Louis. THOMAS O. SPRINGER Thomas O. Springer was born November 2, 1827, in Madison County, Illinois. He grew up on a farm and at- tended the public schools; later he entered McKendree and was graduated in the scientific course in 1849. He was one of the founders of the Platonian Literary Society. The death of his parents added new responsibilities, under which he conducted himself as a faithful elder brother, keeping the family together on the farm and assisting in the education of his younger brothers. In 1855, he was married to Miss Emma M. Thompson, who died in 1858. He was married again in 1872 to Miss Ella J. Randle, of Lebanon, Illinois. From 1856 to 1864, he was Clerk of the Circuit Court. He also held the office of supervisor. In politics, he was a Whig until the organiz ition of the Republican party, and ever One Hundred and FiftyFon after that was a staunch RepuhHcan. He was a member of the Methodist Church, the order of A. F. iif A. M., R. A. M., and Knights of Honor. In 1890, Mr. Springer moved to Thornberry, Texas, and later to Compton, Cahf., where he died in 1909. REV. HIRAM SEARS Hiram Sears was born April 10, 1825, in Fayette County, Ohio. When he was eleven years of age, the family moved to Scott County, Illinois. Here he grew to manhood with very limited educational opportunities. His father died when he was seventeen, leaving him, the oldest son, as the main- stay of the family. After a lengthy struggle in the matter of personal reHgion, he became an earnest Christian, and felt It his duty to preach the gospel. In preparation for this work, he entered McKendree College and graduated in 1849, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He was a member of the Philo Society. He was married to Miss Mary H. Prentice May 25, 1851. Of their six children, but two survive their parents, namely Mrs. Rosa M. Rinehart and Miss Nellie P. Sears. He was admitted to the Illinois Conference m iS ' ji, and in the division of the conference the next year he fell into the Southern Illinois Conference, and received in order the following appointments: Fairfield, Edwardsville, Finan- cial Agency of McKendree College, Alton, Brighton, Graf ' ton. President of Southern Illinois Female College, Mt. Carmel, Cairo, Vandalia, Presiding Elder Vandalia District, Carbondale, Agency of McKendree, Upper Alton, Collins- ville. East St. Louis. After thirty-two years of faithful ser- vice, he was superannuated in 1883. Soon after, he was called to the Agency of the Western Seamen ' s Friend Society, with headquarters at Cleveland, Ohio. To this work he devoted nearly a quarter of a century of diligent service, preaching the gospel to the seamen of the lake region, promoting their temporal welfare, and once a year canvassing a large district in Ohio and Pennsylvania to secure funds for maintaining the work. In 1908, he suffered an apopletic stroke, which incapacitated him for further work. After lingering for two and a half years as an invalid in the care of his daughters, he passed from earth April 10, 191 1, on his eighty-sixth birthday. One Hmijti and Fi t r-Fu-e |mc KENDREE . g : - . . . . IN THE SUMMER of 1850, Rev. Anson W. Cummmgs took up the task which had just been laid down by Dr. Wentworth, and assumed the responsibilities of the office of president. He had already served on the faculty four years, having been appointed Professor of Mathematics and Natural Science at the same time that Dr. Wentworth was made president. He also devoted a part of his energies to the duties of Fiscal Agent. He served so effectively in every ca- pacity that when they needed a new president, the Joint Board did not look any further. He was a scholarly gentleman and a graduate of the Wesleyan University, of which his brother, Joseph Cummings, was for some years president. He was a strong believer in education, and devoted his best energies to that cause in McKendree ' s field, and after com- pleting his seven years of service here he returned to the East. After his retirement from active work, he lived in his old age at Wellsville, New York. He was the author of a book entitled Early Schools of Methodism, pubUshed in 1884, which contains much interesting information concern- ing pioneer education and sketches all the Methodist schools up to about 1840. When he took the presidency of McKen- dree, he was automatically transferred to the chair of Mental and Moral Science, or Philosophy, as we would call it now. His associates in the faculty were Spencer Mattison, who came to McKendree at the same time he did, and occupied the chair of Ancient Languages, Dixon Alexander, M. D., Professor of Mathematics, Rev. James Leaton, Professor of Natural Science, Rev. William Goodfellow, still listed as Principal of the Preparatory Department, and his assistants: Risdon M. Moore, just graduated at the last commencement, tutor in the classics, William S. Pope, B. S. and William H. Corrington, B. S., who had both received their degrees from McKendree the year before. President Cummings ' salary was fixed at six hundred dollars a year, the other professors at five hundred, and the tutors at two hundred and fifty. Pro- fessor Cummings, before he was president, had charge of the college paper, and probably should be regarded as its first editor, tho President Wentworth nominally held that office. As far back as 18 j6, the Illinois Conference had recommended that a semi-monthly periodical be established in connection with the college, though it was specified in the resolution that the conference would assume no responsibility in the matter, but the preachers would act as agents. The paper was finally authorized by the Joint Board in July, 1S47. It CHAPTER XIII. President Cumming ' s Administration was first called the ' Lebanon Journal. In the report of the publishing committee to the Board in 1848, it is referred to as the Illinois Advocate and Lebanon Journal. A printing outfit was secured from St. Louis and a student was found who was a practical printer, and he looked after the mechan- ical side of the work of getting out the weekly paper. The student printer was Thomas Coke Weeden, who was em- ployed for his period of apprenticeship on the Gazette of Carrolton, Illinois. The means of finding him was no doubt the ubiquitous circuit rider, who was always on the go and was an excellent channel of information, especially in Methodist circles. Mr. Weeden tells how, before time for college to open, he came from Carrolton, in Greene County, to Alton, by stage, then by boat to St. Louis, and by stage again from there to Lebanon. At first he laid the cases and set up type in Dr. Goheen ' s office on the Public Square in Lebanon. But as soon as practicable, a building for the special use of the college paper, was erected. Rev. G. W. Robbins, who was a carpenter before he became a preacher and a presiding elder, was the architect and builder. After the building was completed on the campus, it became the home of the Lebanon Journal and was known as the Printing O ce. During this period, the college not only printed the paper, but even printed the diplomas for the graduates. There is a record of the president securing an engraved cut for this purpose which cost fifty dollars. One of the catalogues of this period contains the announcement that Those graduates who have not received diplomas may now secure them by sending in their application with the usual diploma fee. There is recorded in the minutes of the Board for 1849 a order for the printing in the Illinois Advocate of A correct list of the members of the Joint Board and the resolutions adopted on the death of Rev. Davis Goheen, who was an unusually active and useful member of that body. When Pro- fessor Cummings became President and Rev. James Leaton became a member of the faculty, he was made chief manager of the paper and Chairman of the Publishing Committee. In 1852, the Illinois Advocate was moved to St. Louis, and its name was changed to Central Christian Advocate. The General Conference of 1852, meeting in Bo ston, took cognizance of two periodicals, the Northwestern Christian Advocate and the Central Christian Advocate. The former was authorized and became one of the official publications of the church. The latter was put up to the Book Committee and Publishing Agents to publish if they saw their way clear to do It. After consideration, these authorities decided not to accept the responsibilities of publishing the Central. But the Methodism of that region would not be put off that way. The paper was already five years old and its readers regarded It as still their paper, tho its name had been changed and it had moved its home from Lebanon to St. Louis, as a matter of business policy. So the paper was carried on during that quadrennium as the organ of the conferences contiguous to St. Louis, and having proved its ability to survive, the Gen- eral Conference of 1856 took it over as one of the official organs of the church. Its home was in St. Louis for the remainder of the century and it was edited by such men as Rev. Dr. Benjamin F. Crary, Benjamin St. James Fry, and Jesse Bowman Young, all of whom were members of McKendree ' s Joint Board. The General Conference of 1900 moved it to Kansas City where it is now located. Its editor since that time has been the genial Cludius B. Spencer, also a member of McKendree ' s Board. In January, 1853, the Board appointed President Cum- mings to settle the accounts of the Illinois Christian Advo- cate and sell the press and office furniture. He was to receive thirty per cent of the proceeds for collecting the debts and ten per cent for seUing the press. He does not seem to have succeeded in the undertaking, for in July of the same year, Benjamin Hypes was ordered by the Board to sell the press and office furniture and apply the proceeds upon the debts. Thus the first college paper at McKendree did not die but graduated and moved out into a greater field m the world at large. Accordingly, the Central Christian Advocate is now McKendree ' s oldest living graduate. By 1850, Professor Mattison had a son old enough to enter the preparatory department, and the next year the Board, recognizing the fact that a professor could not afford to pay tuition for his children out of the salary the college could afford to pay him, enacted a rule exempting the children of members of the faculty from paying tuition fees. The rule is still in force, though the professors ' children pay all other fees, the same as other students. Another interesting bit of legislation which occurred in President Cummings ' day was a resolution passed in 1852, permitting the two boys ' literary societies, which were the only ones in the college at that time, to hold their meetings on Friday night, instead of in the afternoon, provided there be no disorder, no injury of property, and they adjourn not later than half past nine o ' clock, and do not meet at such times as will interfere with religious meetings. Mr. Weeden, the student printer of the college paper, wrote a reminiscent letter near the close of the last century, and sent m to the college an old copy of Virgil, which he had used while a student in McKendree. The book is now over a hundred years old. He said he obtained it from Newton Williams, who was a senior when Weeden was still in the preparatory department. Williams was in the class of 1850. He was an intimate friend of Professor Cummings. One warm evening just before commencement, the two went out to Silver Creek to bathe in its cooling waters. Neither could swim. Williams got beyond his depth. Cummings could not help him. After a few frantic and futile efforts, he gave it up and ran for help to the college. Some of the college boys went with all possible speed and got the body out of the water, but it was too late. They got the bellows from the Printing Office, hoping to inflate his lungs and thus induce respiration, but it was all in vain. It was a very sad com- mencement, remarks Mr. Weeden. However, since Wil- liams had so nearly completed the course, the Board granted his degree and ordered his name to be placed in the alumni list. This tragedy suggests another which occurred during Commencement week in 1899. One pleasant afternoon five McKendree girls went wading in Silver Creek, probably at the same deep water hole where young Williams was drowned, commonly known as Blue Bend. None of them could swim . In wading, one got beyond her depth. Another went to help her and was pulled into the deep water. An- other followed with the same result. The fourth managed to struggle through to the other side of the creek and climbed to safety on the opposite bank. The one remaining ran for help. But the distance was a mile, and when help arrived, the efforts of the two physicians, who with a number of students and others had hurried to the scene, were not suc- cessful in bringing breath back to the limp and lifeless bodies of the unfortunate girls. Of course the commencement fes- tivities were broken into. All entertainments of a social nature were called off. Commencement was reduced to the graduating exercises of the class and conferring of degrees. The unfortunate girls were Hallie Jack of Beaucoup, Florence Spies of St. Jacob, and Ruth Jepson of Lebanon. The last was the youngest daughter of Professor Albert G. Jepson, who for many years occupied the chair of Mathematics in McKendree. President Cummings passed through another sorrow during his stay at McKendree, which doubtless was deeper and more poignant than his experience with Newton Williams. That was the death of his wife, Mrs. Florilla Cum- mings. The inscription on the stone which marks her resting One Hundred and F. tv-Se, : B S: place in College Hill cemetery says that she died March 8, 1852, in the twenty-eighth year of her age. Other tragedies of this kind occurred in the homes of several of the early presidents of McKendree. Another grave stone right near that of Mrs. Cummings, was erected to the memory of Mrs. Esther Finley, the wife of President Fmley. She died m 1844 and her death was followed by that of her daughter m the same month. Only a few yards away are buried four of the children of President Akers. Thus it appears that these edu- cational pioneers were not only making financial sacrifices and carrying burdens of work up to the limit of their en- durance, but they were also called to tread the path of sor- row time after time when death entered the home circle. McKENDREE MISSIONARY LYCEUM As evidence of the missionary spirit which characterized the college at the middle of the last century, we have the records of a missionary society which was called the Lyceum, which was organized November 20, iS-io. A preliminary meeting had been held a week earlier which was presided over by Risdon M. Moore, who was at that time a teacher in the institution, having graduated at the last commence- ment, at which time certain committees were appointed to report at the next meeting. So on the date above mentioned, the organization was completed and permanent officers elec- ted. Following is the list: President, W. S. Pope, Vice Pres- ident, R. M. Moore, Recording Secretary, O. V. Jones, Corresponding Secretary, W. B. Riggin, and Treasurer, D. Blackwell. The constitution adopted need not be reproduced in full here, but it indicates the object of the organization as two fold, First, to aid in sending the gospel to the desti- tute portions of the earth, and second, to improve its mem- bers in their knowledge of religious subjects. Any person of good moral character was eligible to be elected to mem- bership, on presenting a written application and paying a fee of twenty-five cents. The first meeting of each collegiate year was to be held on the third Thursday evening in Octo- ber, and regular meetings were to be held thereafter every four weeks. The programs were to consist of essays and addresses. An anniversary meeting with suitable program was held each year on the Sabbath night preceding the college commencement. The list of members is as follows: Daniel Alexander, J. H. Barger, R. M. Bell, D. Blackwell, W. H. Corrington, S. L. Edwards, W. C. Gillham, W. R. Howard, Z. R. Humphrey, O. V. Jones, J. W. Lapham, John Leeper, G. L. Moore, R. M. Moore, W. C Pitner, J. I. Rinaker, Isaiah Stickel, W. B. Riggin, W. F. Short. These twenty members were students or teachers in the institution. The organization probably did not live many years, but was soon crowded out by other commendable activities. THE CLASS OF 1850 ' This was the last class to graduate during the presidency of Dr. Wentworth. Colonel Morrison was not in the class but was a student under Dr. Wentworth. Brief biographies of these men follow. DR SAMUEL M. MARTIN Samuel Murray Martin was born at Leesburg, Virginia, February 13, 1828 just one week before the organization of the board that laid the foundations of McKendree College. He became a student in McKendree in 1848 and graduated in 1850, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He later attended a medical college and received the degree of M. D. He was married November 2j, iS ?:,, to Miss Elizabeth Kerr. The following are the names of their six children: Arthur L., Nettie C, Mary L., Annie H., Minnie E., and Murray K. Having made preparation along the line of two professions, his time was divided between teaching and the practice of medicine. He taught a year in the Illinois Female College just following his graduation. In later years, he taught in the Jacksonville high school, the Winchester high school, the Canton Seminary of Canton, Mo., and for ten years, 1863- 1873, he was County Superintendent of Schools of Morgan County, Illinois. From 1873 to 1877, he was County Clerk of the same county. In 1885, he was appointed physician to the Blackfeet Indians. In religion, he was a Methodist, in politics, a Democrat. He died near the close of the century. REV. WILLIAM McKENDREE McELFRESH William McKendree McElfresh was born m Nicholas County, Kentucky, April g, 182 ' ;. He was a son of Rev. John McElfresh, formerly a member of the Baltimore Con- ference. With his parents, he moved to Morgan County, Illinois, in the fall of 1834, to a farm near Jacksonville. He died at his home in Jacksonville, March 23, 1909. He grad- uated from McKendree in 1850, receiving the degree of B. S. Later he was granted the degree of M. S. and in 1897, that of D. D. In 1853, he was married to Miss Matilda J. Belford, who was his faithful companion and helper during his long ministerial career. He joined the Illinois Conference in 185 1 and received the following appointments: 1851, Rushville; 1852, Chili; 1853, Pulaski; 1854-55, White Hall; 1856, Dan- ville; 1857-58, Clinton; 1859, Grigsville; 1860-61, Winches- ter; 1862-64, Waverly; 1865-67, Island Grove; 1868-69, Not,- Bv or...r th,s w.,s oniu.cJ from Chapter XII, One Hundred and F. tv-£.glu IIMC KENDREE Waverly; 1870-71, Delavan; 1872-75, Springfield District; 1876, Bloomington University Charge; 1877-80, Danville District; 1881, Jacksonville Circuit; 1885-86, Alexander; 1887-88, Versailles; 1890-92, Payson; 1893-94, Barry; 1895- 97, Superannuated; 1898, Financial Agent of the Illinois Women ' s College; 1899-1909, Superannuated. He was a mem- ber of the General Conference of 1872, which was held m Brooklyn, New York. His conference class numbered forty- seven, of which he was the last to superannu.ite. COL. RISDON MARSHALL MOORE Risdon Marshall Moore was born near Cahokia, St. Clair County, Illinois, February 16, 1827. His father was Cap- tain Jonathan Moore, who was a soldier m the Black- hiwk War and the Civil Wir. His mother was Eliza- beth Lunsford before her marriage. He entered Mc- Kendree College in 1845 and graduated in 1850, receiving the degree A. B. Later he received the degree of A.M. and in 1895, that of Ph. D. from his alma mater. He was a member of the Philoso- phian Literary Society. For four years after his grad- uation, he was tutor in Latin and Greek in McKendree. He was then elected Professor of Mathematics, which position he held till 1866, excepting the three years 1862-65, when he was serving in the Civil War as Colonel of the 117th regiment of Illinois Volunteers. In this regiment were found a considerable number of McKendree students who left their college to fight their country ' s battles. In 1866, Colonel Moore went to Selma, Alabama, to engage in the coal mining business. In 1875, he was appointed special agent of the U. S. Treasury Department and in 1878 was transferred to San Antonio, Texas, where he resided, except for short intervals, until his death January 26, 1909. The most of this period he was holding a government appointment of some kind. He was married September 14, 1857, to Miss Helen Simmons of Northampton, Mass. To them were born four children: Al- bert Lincoln, George Samuel, Frank Risdon, and Helen Caro- line. All are now living except the eldest. Colonel Moore was a Republican in politics, a member of the Masonic order, a man of scholarly attainments, a great lover of the classics, a RISDON MOORE devout Christi.m and an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His sister, Mrs. Mary FitzGerrell, is still living in Lebanon at an advanced age. She has always been interested in history and biography, and has stored in her own memory a wealth of information about persons connected with the early his- tory of Lebanon and the college. COL. WILLIAM R. MORRISON William Ralls Morrison, member of a prominent Mon- roe County family, was a student in McKendree in the forties, but did not stay till graduation because he left college to enter the Mexican War as a soldier in an Illinois regiment. He was in most of the battles of General Taylor ' s campaign. After the war closed, he did not return to college, but studied law and was admitted to the bar. From 1855 to 1859 he was a member of the Illinois Legislature and during the last year he was Speaker of the House. When the Civil War broke out, he organized and became Colonel of the 49th Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. He fought with his regiment at Fort Donelson and other important battles, but resigned in the fall of 1863 to take his place in Congress as a War Democrat. He had been elected while at the front. After his term in Congress, he practiced law in his home city of Waterloo from 1865 to 1873, when he was again sent to represent his district at Washington. From then till 1887, he was a member of Congress. He gained wide distinction dur- ing those years as an advocate of reduction of the tariff. He was for years Chairman of the Ways and Means Commission. His bill of 1884, which provided for a horizontal reduction of twenty per cent in all tariff schedules gained for him the nickname Horizontal Bill. In 1885, he was defeated by General John A. Logan for the United States Senate, by only one vote. President Cleveland appointed him a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887, and he served in that body for ten years, and for six years was chairman. He spent his declining years at his spacious and commodious home in Waterloo, Illinois. He left no children, but be- queathed his home to the city, to be used as a public library. In 1899, McKendree conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. in recognition of his distinguished service as a lawyer and statesman. HON. WILLIAM ANDREW JACKSON SPARKS William Andrew Jackson Sparks was born near New Albany, Indiana, November 15, 1828. His parents, Baxter and Elizabeth (Gwin) Sparks, were natives of Pennsylvania. They moved from New Albany when William, the young- est of their ten children, was only a child, to Macoupin One Hundred and FiftyHme MC KENDREE . s: ::: W A J SPARKS County, Illinois. He enter- ed McKendree in 1847, and graduated in 1850, recei ving the degree of B. S., and in iqoo, he was granted the honorary degree of LL. D. by his alma mater. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After his graduation, he went to Car- lyle, Illinois, studied law in the office of Judge Breese, was admitted to the bar, and began the practice of law at Carlylein 1851. In 1853, he was appointed receiver of public moneys for the U. S. Land Office at Edwardsville, and held this appointment until the land offices of the state were consolidated at Springfield. He served one term in the Illinois Legislature, one in the Illinois State Senate, and four terms in Congress, representing the six- teenth congressional district of Illinois. He was elected on the Democratic ticket, and became prominent in his party, so that when Mr. Cleveland became President, he appointed Mr. Sparks to the position of Commissioner of the General Land Office of the U. S. His administration of this office gained him the hearty commendation of President Cleveland. He was married April 16, 1855, to Miss Julia E. Parker, of Edwardsville. They lived in Carlyle until 1895 when, Mr. Sparks having retired from active work some years previous, they moved to St. Louis. His death occurred there in 1905. He left a widow but no children. JAMES H. RIGGIN James H. Riggin was a native of Illinois. He was edu- cated in McKendree, where he graduated in the class of 1850, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society, being one of the original founders of that organization. After his graduation, he engaged in mercantile business in the city of Belleville, but after a few years, having suffered some mental derangement, he was taken to the hospital for the insane at Jacksonville, where he died some years later. His remains lie buried in College Hill Cemetery. CHARLES NELSON STARBIRD Charles Nelson Starbird was born at Claremont, New Hampshire, November 29, 1823. He prepared for college at Kimball Union Academy and took his A. B. degree at Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1S45. He came to Illi ' nois, did the work m McKendree required for the A. M- degree which he received with the class of 1850. He then settled in Chester, Illinois, where he practiced law and held the office of State ' s Attorney. His death occurred in 1858. NEWTON WILLIAMS Newton Williams was a member of this class, but four weeks before commencement in iS o, he was drowned in Silver Creek. Since he had so nearly completed the work, the board granted the degree the same as to the other mem- bers of the class, and ordered his name to be placed in the alumni list. THE CLASS OF 1851 THOMAS S. CASEY Thomas Sloo Casey, son of Zadoc Casey, once Governor of Illinois, was born April 6, 1832, and died at his home in Springfield, Illinois, March 1,1891. He was edu- cated at McKendree, grad- uating in 1851 with the degree of A. B., and later received the master ' s degree. He was one of the founders of the Platonian Literary Society. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in i8 ' )4.Ini86o,hewaselected State ' s Attorney for the twelfth Judicial District, and was re-elected in 1864. In 1 862,heentered theUnion Army as Colonel of the iioth Regiment of Illinois Volun- teers. About a year later, he was severely wounded at the battle of Stone River and compelled to return home. In 1870, he was elected to the Illinois Legislature, and in 1872, to the State Senate. In 1879, he was elected Circuit Judge, and was immediately appointed one of the judges of the Appellate Court of the Fourth District. He served in this position until 1885, when he moved to Springfield where he engaged in the practice of law until the time of his death. He was married in 1861, to Miss Matilda Moran, of Springfield. Of their three children, two daughters are now living: Carrie, now Mrs. D. C. Nugent, of St. Louis, and Louise, now Mrs. Baker, the wife of Lieutenant Baker, U. S. A. STEPHEN F. CORRINGTON Stephen Fletcher Corrington was born in Millersburg, Bourbon County, Kentucky, February i, 1830. He entered McKendree in the fill of 1847 and graduated in iS ;!, re- THOMAS S. CASEY One Hundred and Si.xtv c s s ceiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philo- sophian Literary Society. He served as book-keeper and salesman for a firm in Jacksonville, lUinois, for a year and then taught school a year. He then studied law m the office of Judge Brown, of Jacksonville. He practiced law for a time in that city, and then moved to CarroUton, Illinois. In the fall of 1859, e was elected superintendent of schools of Greene County. He held this office till 1869, and is said to have traveled as much as 3000 miles a year in the discharge of his duties visiting the schools of the county. In 1859, he resumed the practice of law, and the same year he was elected city clerk, which office he held for four years. He was also a justice of the peace and notary public, making a specialty of collecting and conveyancing. Later, he held the office of master in chancery. His death occurred in the year 1887. He was married May 13, 1856 to Sue F. Bell, of Jacksonville. Their seven children were Rosabella May, Ailsie Gray, Anna Lenora, Sarah Emma, Francis Fletcher, Elijah Edward, and William Jeremiah. SURRY L. EDWARDS Surry L. Edwards was born at Guilford Centre, Ver- mont, March 13, 1827. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1847, and graduated in 185 1, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He studied dentistry in St. Louis after teaching school for five years. He then practiced his pro- fession eleven years in Griggsville, Illinois, four years in Pe- oria, and then settled permanently in Des Moines, Iowa, where he practiced dentistry for many years, and ended his long and useful career in 1895. He was married April 24, 1855, to Emma A. Dickinson, of Griggsville, 111. Their nine children are Lucy Jane, Rollin Wentworth, Horace Noble, Newton Olin, Walter Spencer, Mary Amelia, Esther Emma, Joseph Albert, and Benjamin Akers. Walter was drowned in 1882 at the age of eleven. NINIAN EDWARDS PRIMM Ninian Edwards Primm was born in the vicinity of Belle- ville, Illinois, April 16, 1830. He was named for Governor Ninian Edwards, to whom he was in some way related. He became a student in McKendree and graduated in the class of 1851, receiving the degree of B. S. The records of the literary societies do not indicate that he was a member of either one. There is some evidence that he studied law, but his career was short, for his death occurred in 1857 — only six years after his graduation. DR. WILLIAM B. RIGGIN William BoHvar Riggin was born in Lebanon, Illinois, December 11, 1826. He belonged to a prominent Lebanon family whose name appears in the story of the founding of McKendree. He was for several years a student in the college, and graduated in the class of 1851. He was a mem- ber of the Philosophian Society. He studied medicine, and received the degree of M. D., but was not permitted to practice his profession long. His career was cut short by his death at Asheville, North Carolina, August 8, 1856. GEN. JOHN I. RINAKER John Irving Rinaker was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in November, 1830, and died at his winter home m Eustis, Florida, January 14, 1915. He came to Illinois while still a youth, and secured a part of his education at Illinois College, but later transferred to McKendree, and graduated in the class of 18 ' ii. He was a member of the Platonian So- ciety. In 1892, McKendree gave him the honorary degree of LL. D. He studied law and began the practice of this pro- fession at Carlinville, Illinois, in 1854. That was his regular occupation all his life except for the time that he was a soldier in the Civil War. He practiced m the state courts, the dis- trict courts, and the United States Supreme Court. In 1872 and in 1876, he was a Republican presidential elector. In 1876 and m 1884, he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention. In 1894, he was elected to Congress, and served one term. He has served on various important boards, both in his own city and in others, and was for some years a trustee of McKendree College. In 1862, he went into the Union army as Colonel of the 122nd Regiment Illinois Volunteers, and came home at the close of the war with the title of Brigadier General. He was for sixty-six years a member of the Methodist Church. He was also a Mason, a member of the American Bar Association and various other organisations. He was married in 1855, to Miss Clarissa Keplinger, of Morgan County. Their four sons are: Thomas, Samuel, John Irving, Jr., and Lewis. John Irving, Jr. is an architec t, and designed the present college library building in 1917. In the entrance of the building is a memorial tablet to General Rinaker. Like an armed warrior; like a plumed knight, he met his last great summons, and, wrapped in the American flag, he moved out to his just and shining reward, alone and absolutely unafraid. ALEXANDER VAN WINKLE Alexander Van Winkle was born in Morgan County, Illinois, January 9, 1831, the winter of the big snow. His parents were from Wayne County, Kentucky. Some of his ancestors were among the earliest immigrants to this country from Holland. One of them returned to Holland in 1633, bearing a letter from the church society in New ffMC KENDREE s: ;. . Amsterdam. The next year he returned to America with his bride and settled in New Jersey. From there his descendants have scattered to various parts of the country. Mr. Van Winkle entered McKendree College in 1848 and graduated in 1851, with the degree of B. S. In 1849, he and fifteen other young men became the founders of the Platonian Literary Society. In 1852, he helped to navigate a prairie schooner, drawn by eight oxen, across the plains to California. He re- turned in 1858, and when the war broke out, enlisted in the army and served three years as a soldier. He spent a number of years in teaching, but in the declining years of his long life, he enjoyed the quiet farm life at his home near Franklin, Illinois. He was married February 28, 1862, to Henrietta Keplinger. Of this union, there were three chil- dren, Mary Henrietta and twin sons. Homer Alexander and Horace, the latter of whom died in infancy. The daughter is now Mrs. W. B. Otwell, of Carlinville. Some years after the death of his first wife, Mr. Van Winkle was married in 1890 to Melissa J. Criswell, now deceased. He is a Methodist of the old school, having united with the church in his youth. In politics, he is a Republican, having voted with that party ever since its origin, but has never aspired to office himself. His death occurred in January, 1914. A. H. H. ROUNTREE Aaron Herbert Hawkins Rountree was born at Hills- boro, Illinois, January 2, 1822, and died at the same place, January 2, 1880, on his fifty-eighth birthday. His parents were Hiram and Nancy Wright Rountree. He entered McKendree in 1842, pursued his studies for two years, then after a period of teaching, returned and completed his course in 1851, receiving the degree of A. B. In 1859, he received the degree of A. M. While in McKendree, he was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. His career includes nine years of teaching, twenty-one of merchandising; and in 1874, he entered upon the business of banking. He was popular in his own city, having been alderman, mayor, and president of the Board of Education. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a Royal Arch Mason, member of the Eastern Star, and the Odd Fellows Lodge; and in all these lodges, he wielded the gavel. He was married at Huntsville, Alabama, March 20, 184 ' i, to Miss Eliza Agnes Walpole. To them were born nine children, of whom six died in infancy. The surviving ones are now Professor Hiram P. Rountree of Chicago, Mrs. Mary L. McHenry, Detroit, Michigan, and Mrs. Etta A. Stubblefield, Hillsboro, Illinois. COL. JONATHAN MERRIAM Jonathan Merriam was born in the state of Vermont, November 1, 1834. He came with his parents m 183,6, living in Springfield, Alton, and after 1841, in Ta:ewell County. He attended the Illinois Wesleyan University, and McKendree College, leaving the latter institution in 1852, on account of impaired health. He was a member of the Pla- tonian Literary Society. In 186;), McKendree conferred upon him the degree of A. M. In 1862, he enlisted in the Union irmy and became Lieutenant-Colonel of the 117th Illinois Volunteers, the regiment which contained so many McKen- dreans. He was a member of the Illinois Constitutional Con- ventions of 1869 and 1870. He held the position of Internal Revenue Collector for the Springfield District from 1873 to 1882. He was elected to the Illinois Legislature in 1894 and again in 1896. In 1898, he was appointed by President Mc- Kinley to the Office of United States Pension Commissioner at Chicago. He was for many years a trustee of McKendree College. He several times attended the reunions of his reg- iment at McKendree College. The last time was in 1916. In politics, he was a Republican and in religion, a Baptist. At the time of his death, he was a deacon in the Emanuel Baptist Church in Chicago, altho for the last six years of his Hfe his residence was at Wheaton. His death occurred as the result of a grade-crossing accident at Wheaton in September, 1919, within a few weeks of his eighty-fifth birthday. He is sur- vived by his wife, three sons, and three daughters, all married except the youngest daughter. His children all live in Illinois and his sons occupy positions of trust and honor in the busi- ness world. THE CLASS OF 1852 HENRY C. PIKE Henry Clay Fike was born near Mascoutah, Illinois, De- cember 21, i8j2. His father, Abel Fike, with his family, came from South Carolina in 181 1 and located in the Turkey Hill settlement near Belleville. After pass- ing through the common schools, he entered McKen- dree College in 1847, while Dr. Wentwo rth was presi- dent, and graduated in i8 ' ;2, receiving the degree of A. B., ;ind subsequently that ot A. M. He IS a member of the Platonian Literary Society, which he assisted in organiz- ing April 20, 1840. He was marnedDecember 25, i8 ' i ' !,toMissLucyC.Power.of Trenton, HENRY CLAY FIKE Illinois. To this union two children were horn, May, who died in early childhood, and Miss Ellie, who lived with her father. Mrs. Fike died June 25, 1906. After graduating, Mr. Fike engaged in teaching up to the date of the Civil War, when he enlisted in the Union arnjy and served as quartermaster of the 117th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry from August, 1862, till the close of the war. This regiment was commanded by Colonel Risdon M. Moore, who was from the faculty of McKendree College. In 1867, Mr. Fike moved with his family from Mascoutah to Warrensburg, Missouri, where he engaged in business pursuits till 1882, when he became connected with the auditing department of the Mis- souri Pacific Railway Company, which he served for seven years. He completed two decades of service as clerk of the United States Internal Revenue OfBce in Kansas City, Missouri. Mr. Fike was officially connected with the State Normal School at Warrensburg for twenty-six years. He was a member of the Board of Education, and of the City Council of Warrensburg, each for six years. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, and of the National Union, a beneficiary organization; also of the Methodist Episcopal Church, which he joined in 1848 while a student at McKen- dree. He has served as a Sunday School Superintendent for thirty-eight years. He was a lay delegate to the General Conference held in Baltimore, Maryland in 1876. In politics, he IS a Republican. His home was at Warrensburg, Missouri until his death, which occurred April i, 1919. CHARLES WESLEY JEROME Charles Wesley Jerome was born in Onandagua County, New York, September 8, 1828, the same year that McKen- dree was founded. He came with his parents to Illinois in 1834, and spent most of his early life on a farm m Mad- ison County. He entered McKendree in 1848, and was one of the sixteen original founders of the Platonian Literary Society. He graduated in 1852, receiving the degree of A. B. Three years later he received the degree of A. M. Immediate- ly after graduation, he became instructor in the Danville (111.) Seminary. After two years, he became principal of the Shelby Male and Female Seminary at Shelbyville, Illinois. He re- mained in this position till 1862, when he enlisted in the II th regiment Illinois Volunteers, and served as quarter- master in this regiment until the close of the war. As a part of his war experience, he was captured by Gen. Wheeler and paroled at McMinnville, Tennessee. After the war, he returned to Shelbyville for four years more. Then for four years he was principal of the Bedford Seminary, at Shelby- ville, Tennessee. In 1874, he was elected professor of Latin and Greek in the Southern Illinois Normal University, at Carbondale. After sixteen years of service in this institution, failing health induced him to resign his position and retire from active life. He was married m August, i8 ' ;S, to Miss Eugenia A. Morrison, of Delaware, Ohio. Their only son, Charles M., was born in 1867. After his retirement. Professor Jerome lived for some years in Atlanta, Georgia. His home was in Washington, D. C. for some years previous to his death, which occurred several years ago. JUDGE WILLIAM C. JONES William Cuthbert Jones was born at Bowling Green, Kentucky, July 16, 1831. He was a son of Dr. Cuthbert T. and EHza R. (Treat) Jones, who moved with their family to Chester, Illinois, when their son was only three years of age. He entered McKendree when quite young, and graduated in 1852, with the degree of A. B., later receiving the Master ' s degree, and in 1895, his Alma Mater honored him with the de- gree of LL. D. He was a mem- ber of the Philosophian Lit- erary Society. He studied law at Bowling Green, Kentucky, and practiced this profession at Chester, III, Hopkinsville, Ky., and St. Louis, Mo. until the opening of the Civil War. He then enlisted m the Union army as a member of the Fourth regiment of the United States Re- serve Corps. In 1862, he was appointed paymaster of the United States Volunteers, with the rank of maior. He served this capacity until the close of the war. He then engaged in business in St. Louis, but soon returned to the practice of law, which he followed till his death, which occurred in 1904. He was elected judge of the Criminal Court of St. Louis in 1874, and held this office till 1878. He was for many years a trustee of McKendree, and was president of the Board from 1897 tiU the time of his death in 1904. In politics, he was a Democrat. He belonged to the Royal Arcanum, Legion of Honor, Elks, and Knights of Honor. In the last named lodge, he was grand dictator of the State of Missouri. He was married November 20, i8 ' )6, to Miss Mary A. Chester. Of their seven children, four are now living. Their names are: Mrs. Walter B. Watson, Mrs. Joseph Goodwin, and two sons, James C. and Giles F. Jones. They all reside in St. Louis. JUDGE JONES One Hundred and Si.vtv-Th LEBANON JOURNAL. D GOUEEN, B. HVPES, AITO G. L. ROBERTS-PUBUSHERS; VSNTW0ETI1, EDITORi CUJlilTNGS, MATTISON, GOODFELLOW AND S. M. E. GOHEEN-ASSISTANT« - BEVC™ I CE.E1 U.TLLL,O CI, mEKATUHI. SUI.CE. MOR UTT, WLUi.OK, 1K FORE.G, .M, IK.„E T1C NEW, «D «L CEa E..r.  VB.E.T,. VOL. 1. LEBANON, ILUNOIS, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 9th, 1847. NO. 1. J ■ FortheLubaDoa Josraal. ; , SABB.1TH CONVE.NTIQN. ' ifc Tiic SabUth AModotioB of Southern Illinoit  «Mcmbled al NaihriUe, Wishfbgton c imty, jNot.Sd, 1847. . A respectable number of delc- ■ gates •wcrepn?«nt. The cooTomiOT was call- ' 6.1 to order at 11 o ' cloei A. M., and the deTotiua- , al eieiciscs conducted by Roy. W. B. Carter, lathe abeeace of the Preaident of the Assi i- lege, dolWcrcd tho — . i  W« c ,. -•- The Convention D. James. Predden l . ' l.lfflBc1ier, Vice Presi opening adflrese. ' organiiedlyappouiting Rev eddenl; r . C- Rl«g C btu Prof Cumming. mtd Be . Wm. Clifle, xretarie.. meeting was a Kms connected with the of various bu. objecu of the SeSlation, and in arranging the preliminaries Ir-m e.jping public mecung. and Rev. W. Forter. The ad- dress of Iho firet named genUcman, Rerr-Mr. Tbatcher, was a close and able argument on the ' Sabbath a« a perpetual inititulion, and lU ob- «rTaDC« as of lasting obligation. Rev. Mr. Cliffe followed in a speech of much Interest, ehowing that reform in regard to the proper obBerrancc of the Sabbath, must begin a woid, ' uilI that pertains to the affiiirs of ©Ycry da life. ' Dr. flnley argued with j;reat strength that Christianfc-arelhe light of tho world, and that to maintain the Sabbath, ihej murt make the k largest sacrifices. Rev. Mr. Foster dwell with much interent on Iheojndirion of thmga ai they formerly ex. [ Sslcd ' iyiluB country. le diiis to Sabbath dese- hospitality iu entertaining the members e ConrentioQ. ic opening address of ProC Cummings, and iscufisions in Convention, together with the , produced the great object of lh More than one hundred copies of Edward ' s .Manual on the Sabbath, were distributed: a worit that ahould be in eTery family in the land, and llic next mectmg of the A. sociaU Qn -vrill be held at BeUerille, on the fir«l Wednesday m May next, to commence at 7 o ' clock in the eTe- ning. Rot, Messrs. Elliott, Peck and Harrison ecomm jj| £ lkled clerk. 0 - Herald of RcligiuuB Liberty, and other paper friendly to the better obserrance •f the Sabbath, please copy. EMERALD MOUND. T? Tisited this delightful spot, the Tomantic denc«of Dajtiel Baldwib Esq., last Saturday, cnjoyod Uia hnapitalitJes of its worthy proprietor— ty DO means neglecting a ttroll upon the Bummit of this wonderful eleration. The view of the prairie at this huttJicrt is something in the sombre lod pensive as- pect of dying Nature. lha,t accords well with the fecl- Tisit to this sweet epot. The follow ingdesci it, i Titten for an Ohio paper, by one of our i Editom, eometiine eince, cannot fciil to be read with The Emerald Mound from which I ting, is a beautiful and romantic place. The principal elcTation is about eixty fret aboTc the half a doien laped, Bcattered around it. t of tho large one ig level, and square, .aa worship. ■Great, Ihe Holy and the ped in spirit and in truth By aacending a stairway of twenty steps, we B transported back as many centuries, and ow not whether we are standing on the site a temple era tomb. We arc suiToundedby the viable signe of a people whose procci-sions i sacrifices and battles are forgi ' ttcni and lir praploj-menls and language and sciences ) losrtV the world. In the absence of all It there lived and died a race of men, on these .V sweet and deliglilliil place is the Emerald Mound. It has much to attract and please— Here are tlic mounds connecting the liWn;: .■ the present to the dead of the past. The liir reaching view of the adjoining lands and th ' -i wave-like undulations, the busy herds of grazin; cattle, the large, rich fields of grain, llie go taste exhibited in tho arrangement of building and gardens and shnibberj , and, above all, thi kindness and intelligence of the eicellciit £iniil; wliose residence it is, altogether, render llr Mound one of the most interesting andbeautitu places — a place of comfort and happiness to tti- dwcUere, and of quiet enjoyroent and rest to it is both cspediciit and ncces..«n ' thai hostilities should cease anionj! brrtbri have one Lonl, om- lailh, one baptism. the essentials of dirisAitn am ' i sln-uld lically adopted, even tvliore ujiilijnnit practicable. This, is cs-seutia! tn our and efficiency in the great r ' the evangelical chinches, is the present and fonnidaUc cfforls of tlic Papacy. Tl of sin seems to have girded hiniM-lf for conflict. Upon the reviv. l of the ai,;: For the Lebanon Joumal- INTERNATIONAL PATRIOTISM. Mk. EnlTon— ' I-he f.llouin; i.iri.i.nt related to me tho ,m,.n. r ,-,ri.rilr r,:.-! llrockviUe. Duvin::!;: al and •the rel°ls, nn.! il i- :m.i,,iiV - v. ELlIir Bl ' RUlTT. Rediiced facsimile of the first copy of the Lebanon Journal of which Anson Cummings was probably th: first editor REV. JOHN LEEPER John Leeper was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, Octo- ber i8, 1827. In 1837, he came with his father ' s family to Perry County, Illinois. From his parents, who were mem- bers of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, he received care- ful religious training. In addition to his common school education, he attended an academy at Collinsville, and after- ward McKendree College, from which he graduated in the class of 1852, receiving the degree of B. S. In 1855, he re- ceived the M. S. degree and in 1894, his Alma Mater honored him with the degree of Doctor of Divinity. He was a member of the Philosophi.in Literary Society. He was converted at a camp-meetmg in W.ishington County, and joined the Meth- odist Church. And, believing himself called to the mini.stry. he joined the Southern Illinois Conference in 1856. He was married March 30, 1854, to Miss Christiana A. Vernor, of Nashville, Illinois. Three of their five children grew to ma- turity. They are: Mrs. M. M. Waller, St. Louis, John C. Leeper, of East St. Louis, and Mrs. Florence Hoopes, of Sumner. Dr. Leeper served the following charges as pastor: Robinson, Palestine, Mt. Carmel Circuit, Carmi, Sparta, Ashley, Richview, Mt. Vernon, Effingham, Salem Circuit. Irvington, Litchfield, Sumner, Jerseyville, Duquoin, Collins- ville, Trenton, Cisne, Lawrenceville, Okawville, Freeburg, iind Hagarstown. He served a term as presiding elder on each of the following named districts: Mt. Vernon, Olney, and Vandalia. He died at Nashville, Illinois, July 7, 1906. One Hundred and Si.vtv-Fc CHAPTER XIV. Doctor A (er ' s Third Term IN i8=;2, Dr- Cummings laid down the t.isk of the presi- dency and Rev. Peter Akers was for the third time called to take it up. No man was better acquainted with the college and its struggles, its successes and failures. He was now at the mature age of sixty-two, but still vigorous in body and mind, and especially rich in those experiences which are useful to a religious leader. This was a longer term than either of his preceding ones. He had .been president when the first charter was secured, and again during the year 1845-46. In the minutes of the Southern Illinois Con- ference for 1852, which was the first session of that body, is found a report on education, which refers to the fact that by the division of the Illinois Conference, McKendree Col- lege fiiUs as an heritage to the Southern Illinois Conference, and mentions as a cause of gratification the fact that Dr. Akers has again been made president, stating further that His popularity as a preacher, his purity of morals, his fervent piety, in connection with his literary attainments, promise great usefulness to the college and the conference. He had been a member of the Illinois Conference almost from its beginning, and he did not think it worth while to transfer to the Southern Illinois, since the Illinois was still in Mc Kendree ' s patronizing territory. The conference was held in Belleville that year. Rev. Charles M. Holliday was appointed pastor at Lebanon, with Rev. W. L. Deneen as his assistant. Mr. Deneen was really on the retired list and lived in Leb- anon. The presiding officer was Bishop Edward R. Ames, who had recently been elevated to the episcopacy by the General Conference, which met in Boston in May, 1852. It seems probable that being so close to the scene of his early labors in the educational field, he would visit McKendree and see what progress had been made in the interval of nearly a quarter of a century, but we have found no record to show whether he did or not. The faculty associated with Dr. Akers at this time were : Rev. James Leaton, professor of Natural Science, Rev. Russell Z. Mason, professor of Mathematics and Philosophy, and Oran Faville, professor of Ancient Lan- guages, with Risdon M. Moore and William S. Pope as tutors. Leaton and Mason, as well as both the tutors were already in the faculty when Dr. Akers took charge. The next year Rev. Nelson E. Cobleigh came from New England to Southern Illinois and became pastor of the Methodist Church in Lebanon, and at the same time. Professor of An- cient Languages in the college, so that he served an appren- ticeship with Dr. Akers before becoming president himself. The next year he became a member of the faculty m Lawrence College, in Wisconsin, and Rev. George C. Jones took his place in McKendree. Prof. Jones served as secretary of the Joint Board, however not nearly so long as Professor O. V. Jones, who served a little later. Other new members of the faculty were Rev. Edward C. Merrick, professor of Math- ematics, and Rev. Werter R. Davis, professor of Natural Sciences. It was in this administration that we first find mention of O. V. Jones and S. H. Deneen as tutors, who later became prominent members of the faculty. Rev. Gallus Rutz was for several years teacher of German. Concerning some of these men, we have very slight information outside of the fact that they served in the faculty. But Professor Davis deserves more than a passing notice. REV. W. R. DAVIS He was horn in CircleviUe, Ohio, April i, 1815, and was therefore thirty-nine years old when he came to McKendree. He attended Kenyon College, but left there at the age of nine- teen without finishing the course because he was repelled by the lack of religion in the institution. He had strict religious training at home and deep religious convictions of his own. His father was a member of the Episcopal Church, and his mother a Presbyterian. But he was converted in a Methodist camp meeting and henceforth allied himself with Methodism. He used to say that he was paternally an Episcopalian, maternally a Presbyterian, but by the grace of God, a Meth- odist. He was licensed to preach by James B. Fmley in 1835. He was first a member of the Ohio Conference, but belonged to several different ones during his lifetime. He was once imprisoned in the state of Virginia for preaching against slavery. He was married in 184J, to Minerva Russell, with whom he lived for half a century till his death in 1893. In 1854, he was transferred to St. Louis and became pastor of Ebenezer Chapel. The next year he was elected to the chair of Natural Science in McKendree, where he spent three busy years, when he was elected to be the first president of Baker University at Baldwin, Kansas, and authorized to select the remainder of the faculty himself. He had a successful career at Baker, and for many years shaped the destiny of the First College in Kansas. He was active, not only in educational work, but also in political affairs, for those were stirring times in Kansas in the midst of the slavery agitation, and doubtless President Davis had a large part in settling One Hundred and SixtyFwe IMC KENDREE the slavery question right in that great state. He spent the rest of his active ministry, and of his Hfe, in Kansas. Thirteen of his Kansas years were spent in the pastorate. He was a member of three General Conferences. After his active min- istry was completed, he spent his few years of retirement at Baldwin in the shadow of the college to which he had given so much of his life. There he saw his youngest son graduate and enter the ministry. One of his daughters became the wife of William A. Quayle, one time president of Baker, and afterward, bishop. In January, 1856, the original college building which was begun in 1828, was destroyed by fire. The origin of the fire has never been officially determined, but the opinion was expressed with much confidence by one who was a student there at the time, that it w,i deliberately fired by certain disgruntled and unprincipled students. At any rate, the old building was gone. The building that rep resented so much labor and toil, so many pray ers and sacrifices at last went up in smoke. It occurred in the night, and scarcely anything of the contents was saved. But fortunately, there was insurance, thowe have no means of knowing what amount. It was originally an all- purpose building. It was used for an assembly room and often for church services, for class rooms, office, dormitory, and dining hall. But after the completion of the new brick build- ing in 1851, it was sufficient for recitation THE CHAPEL rooms and society halls, and so the old building was used principally for a chapel. So it was determined to build a new chapel. This was the great achievement of Dr. Akers ' ad- ministration. At the meeting of the Board in June, 1856, the Executive Committee was authorized to apply the insurance from the old building toward the erection of a new chapel and to employ an agent to collect enough in addition to com- plete the building. When the Board met again in 1857, the building was in process of construction, but the agent had not succeeded in collecting enough money to finish the task. So the committee was authorized to raise a loan of $6,000 for that purpose. During the following year, it was completed and the class of 1858 held their graduating exercises in the new chapel. The class consisted of the following persons: Stith Otwell Bonner, John Wesley Brock, Thomas Essex, Daniel Kerr, and Joseph W. Van Cleve. This was June 17, 1858. In the late nineties, Mr. Brock visited the chapel service one morning, and in a reminiscent talk told the students about the first commencement held in the new building, and how the members of his class were the first who stood on that platform to receive their degrees. It was a large and commodious building for that period. At an educational convention held at the college in 1868 to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of its founding, the committee on build- ings referred to this as the largest hall of the kind in the state. The auditorium is about forty-five by seventy feet, and heated at first by two large stoves. About 1898, a steam heat plant was installed to supply all three of the college buildings at that time on the hill. The stoves were then re- moved. The original seats were long, movable wooden bench- es with backs, usually arranged like pews in a church. The graduating class of 1890, as their gift to the institution, raised money to seat the center of the room with opera chairs. When Dr. Chamberlin was president, he secured the donation of enough chairs, thonotofthe same kind, to finish seating the room. Some of the old benches may still be seen in the gallery. The room will seat slightly more than four hundred people. So it has long since lost its rank as the largest hall of its kind in the state. Its tall spire is a land mark that can be seen for many miles, and is surmounted by a gilded globe three feet in diameter, and an arrow nine feet long to serve as a weather vane to indicate the direction of the wind. The top TODAY of the spire is approximately one hundred and forty-five feet above the walk in front. For many years it was a favorite problem for the class in trigonometry to meas- ure the height of the spire. Another achievement of Dr. Akers was the publication of his book on Biblical chronology. The title page of the book reads, Introduction to Biblical Chron- ology from Adam to the Resurrection of Christ, by Rev. Peter Akers, D. D., President of McKendree College. It was printed for the author at the Methodist Book Concern in Cincinnati, 1855. It is an octavo volume of four hundred and eleven pages, and represents a vast amount of research and patient labor on the part of the author. It reaches some very remarkable, though in some cases, doubtful conclusions. It contains numerous carefully prepared tables to show com- parisons of the Jewish and Julian calendars. It has a very exact calendar of the period of the exodus, showing the day of the week, month and year on which many of the important events of that time occurred. In fact, it sets forth the calendar in such detail as to show that Moses died on Sunday, One Hundred and Si.vty-Six February 13, and that this was also the anniversary of his birthday. There are also long chapters on the fulfillment of various Old Testament prophecies. Such minuteness of in- terpre tation indicates a tireless patience m research, but tends to destroy confidence in the reliability of the con- clusions reached. There is a copy of the book m the Mc Kendree library. Dr. Akers finished his work as President with the com- mencement, or the Board meeting, of iS-iV. He was desirous of returning to the work of the pastorate, and the Board elected Rev. James G. Blair of Ohio to fill the vacancy. How- ever, he did not accept the place, and later Rev. Nelson E. Cobleigh was chosen for the position. He did not actually assume charge of the work until January, 1858. In the mean- time, Rev. Werter R. Davis, who had already been in the faculty several years, was acting president. THE CLASS OF 1S53 DR. GEORGE W. CALDWELL George William Caldwell was born near Waverly, Mor- gan County, Illinois, August 23, i8jo, not long after his father removed to Illinois from Kentucky. After attend- ing the pioneer country school, he entered McKendree in 1848 and graduated in iS ' ij, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society, of which he was one of the original founders. After his graduation from McKendree, he studied medicine at Rush Medical College of Chicago, and in the summer of 18 ' ;, he began the practice of his profession at Zanesville, Mont- gomery County, Illinois, a thriving inland town on the old state road from Edwardsville to Springfield. The town is now only a memory, its site being lost except to those who reside in the immediate neighborhood. The Doctor has re- sided in Waggoner, a few miles north of his former home, for the past fifteen years. He was married September 19, 185 ' T, to Miss Frances Cloud, daughter of Rev. Newton Cloud, a pioneer Methodist preacher and a prominent figure in the early history of Illinois. They have two daughters, Mrs. S. W. Kessinger of Litchfield and Mrs. E. V. Vorden- baumen of Shreveport, Louisiana. JOHN S. DENNY John Smiley Denny was born in Bond County, Illinois, August 13, 1827. He attended Greenville Academy in 1848- 1849 and entered McKendree in 1852. He graduated in 1853, with the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. Until 1865, he taught school continuously. In 1859, he was elected county treasurer of Bond Countv, and attended to the duties of the office m connection with his teaching. In iSe ;, he was elected county clerk, which office he held for twelve years. In 1873, he was elected mayor of Greenville. He was county commissioner from 1878 to 1881. He was married April 10, 1854, to Miss Marietta Meers of Platteville, Wisconsin. Two of their chil- dren died young. The others are Ellen, Mary, Alfred M., Charles I., and Effie May. Mrs. Denny died in 1871, and about two years later he was m.irned again to Miss Dorcas Rosebrough. Ot ' this marriage, there were no children. Mr. Denny died in March, 1888, at Greenville, respected and honored by all his fellow citizens. He was for many years an elder in the Presbyterian Church. PROF. OLIVER V. JONES Oliver Vanlandingham Jones was born in Caldwell Coun- ty, Kentucky, December 28, 1824. His early ancestors were from England, but his father, Fountain W. Jones, was born in Sumner County, Tennessee, and his mother, Mary Ann Vanlandingham, was a native of Kentucky. When he was SIX years of age, his parents moved to Illinois and settled in Gallatin County, near Shawneetown, where he grew to manhood. Bent on securing a good education, he earned the money himself with which to pay his way thru college. He entered McKen- dree in 1847 sritl graduated in i8 ' )3, with the degree of A. B. He later received the A. M. degree. He was a member of the Philosoph- ian Literary Society. His connection with McKen- dree was continuous from the time he graduated till 1879. He served as tutor in Mathematics until 1858, adjunct professor of Ma- thematics and English until 1862, professor of English and History till 1866, and from that date till 1879, he was professor of Mathematics and Astronomy. He was a life long Methodist. In 1846, he became a member of that church, and in 1867, he was ordained as a minister therein. In 1880, he served as pastor of the Wisetown Circuit, but the next year he was teaching again in the Illinois Literary and Commercial Institute in Lebanon. He was for several years connected with the Lebanon Journal. In 1883, he was appointed col- lector of Internal Revenue, which position he held until the time of his death, April 27, 1885. He was married in 1858, to OLIVER V. JONES One Hundred and S. |mc KENDREE ' gs: ' s Miss Mary E. Crocker, of Lee, Massachusetts. Their two children are William L. Jones, a graduate of McKendree and editor of the Lebanon Journal, and Mrs. Mary A. Morriss, of Colorado Springs, who is also a graduate of McKendree, class of 1890. ALONZO THOMPSON Alon o Thompson was born at Centreville, in St. Clair County, IlHnois, February 22, 1832. In his youth, he at- tended school in a log school house in High Prairie. In 1848, he entered McKendree, and graduated in 1853, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. He was a member, and one of the founders of the Platonian Literary Society. For a time after graduation, he engaged in teaching and in the live-stock business. In 1856, he went to Nodaway Coun- ty, Missouri, settled at Maryville, and engaged in the real estate business. He was appointed county surveyor, and made justice of the peace. In 1858, he became deputy sur- veyor. At the opening of the Civil War, he took an active part in the raising of troops for the army. In 1862, he was elected to the Missouri Legislature, and from 1864 to 1868 was auditor of the State of Missouri. He then moved to St. Louis, where he engaged in real estate business for some years. He went back to Maryville in 1877, and assisted in promoting a railroad enterprise. Later he moved to Omaha, Nebraska, and then to Fullerton, Nebr., and still later to Denver, Colo., where he resided until his death April 9, 191 3. He was married December 6, 1857, to Miss Mary F. Vinsonhaler, of Nodaway County, Mo. Of their three chil- dren, one died in infancy. The others are Hattie Irene, born in 1858, and Elmer Ellsworth, born in 1861. Mr. Thompson was said to be a millionaire, and a believer in spiritualism. His fortune consisted mostly of lands and mortgages in Ne- braska, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and other states. His private records, which he has kept all through the years, show that he has paid in his life time over $ ' ;,ooo,ooo in taxes on real estate. SAMUEL LOUIS FOSTER Samuel Louis Foster was born in Curran Township, San- gamon County, Ilhnois, Jan. 29, 1830. He entered McKen- dree in 1850 and graduated in 1853, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary So- ciety. From the time of his graduation until i860, he en- gaged in farming and school teaching near his old home. He then went to Sherbourne County, Minnesota, where he farmed for three years. He then returned to Curran and engaged in farming and stock-raising until his advanced age made it preferable to retire from farm life, when he moved to Springfield, Illinois. He was married December 27, 1S55, to Miss Lydia Lee. Their oldest son, Charles, died in infancy. Their other children are : Mary Alice, Louis Kossuth, Robert Lee, and Margaret Belle. He died April 26, 191 1. REV. THOMAS N. McCORKLE Thomas N. McCorkle was a member of the class of 1853 and of the Philosophian Society. His early home was atOray- ville, Illinois. He also engaged in teaching for some years. Further than this we have no knowledge of his career. JEREMIAH T. TOMLIN Jeremiah T. Tomlin enrolled in McKendree in 1852, and graduated in 1853. He was a Philo. For a period of years he occupied the Chair of Natural Sciences at the Illinois Wes- leyan. He afterward went to San Diego, California. THE CLASS OF 18.51 THOMAS J. CALDWELL Thomas Jefferson Caldwell was born near Franklin, Mor- gan County, Illinois, January 11, 1833, and died May 1, 1863, at the place of his birth. His parents were John C. and Louisa Caldwell, and he was the younger brother of Dr. G. W. Caldwell. He graduated from McKendree in the class of 1854, receiving the degree of A. B., and in 1856, that of A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married August 25, 1859, to Eliza M. Trotter, daughter of Rev. W. D. R. Trotter, who was a member of the Illinois Conference of the Methodist Church. After his graduation, Mr. Caldwell taught for five years in the State Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, at Jacksonville. He then served for a term of years as assessor and treasurer of Morgan County. He was a member of Grace M. E. Church and Urania Odd Fellows Lodge in Jacksonville. JOSEPH BUTLER Joseph Butler came to McKendree from Jefferson County, near Mt. Vernon, Illinois. Data concerning his parentage and early life are not accessible. He became a member of the Philosophian Literary Society in 1851. He graduated in the class of 1854, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a soldier in the Civil War, and held the office of lieutenant. He studied law, but died in early life before he was fairly launched on his professional career. His remains were laid to rest at Mt. Vernon, Illinois. He was a nephew of Hon. Robert F. Wingate, at one time Attorney General of the State of Missouri. RISDON M. DENEEN Risdon Moore Deneen was born near Belleville, Illinois, July 25, 1833. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1850, One Hundred and Sixlv-Eight and graduated m July, i8 ' i4, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He taught one year in a school near Mas- coutah. III, and two years in St. Louis. Then m 18 7, he went to California by ship. For a year, he engaged m mining, and then began teaching in this far western country. He taught one year at Healdsburg, m connection with Col. R, Mathieson, who was afterward killed m the Civil War. In 1861-62, he was professor of Mathematics at Santa Clara, and 1862 to December, 1863,, he was professor of Mathe- matics m Union College, San Francisco. In January, 1864, he went from San Francisco to superintend the working of the Santa Rosa silver mine near Opodepe, in the state of Sonora, Mexico. At this mine, he was murdered sometime between the 24th and 26th of December, 1864. PROF. SAMUEL H. DENEEN Samuel Heddmg Deneen was born near Belleville, Illinois, December 20, 183, f. He was a son of Rev. William L. Deneen, who was a member of the Illinois Conference and one of the pioneer Methodist preachers. His mother was MissVerlinderBeall Moore before her marriage. He en- tered McKendree in the fall of 1850 and graduated in July, 1854, receiving the ' gree of A. B., and later, A. M. In 1876, he received the degree of Doctor of Philoso- phy from the Indiana As- bury University (now De- Pa uw). He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After graduation, for one year he taught school and studied Latin. He was then for three years classical tutor in McKendree; then from i8 ' ;8 to 1862, he was adjunct professor of Ancient Languages; and in 1862, was elected professor of Latin in McKendree. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the U. S. army and served as Adjutant of the 117th Regiment of Illinois Volunteers until November 23, 1864, when he was granted an honorable discharge on account of ill health. He then resumed his duties in the college, where he taught Latin and History contin- uously until 1886, when he abandoned the work of the class room on account of failing health. In 1890, he was appointed by President Harrison to the position of United States Con- sul at Belleville, Ontario, which post he held till 1893, when SAMUEL H. DENEEN he resigned to go into business m Chicago. In this city, he died April 13, 1895. He was married m 1859, to Miss Mary F. Ashley, a daughter of Hiram K. Ashley, who was one of the early trustees of McKendree, and secretary of the Board from 1843 to 1846. Of their children, three are living: Charles Samuel, Sadie Alice, and Florence. They are all graduates of McKendree. DR, ISAAC N. HIGGINS Isaac Newton Higgins was born at Griggsville, Illinois, August 4, 1834, and died in San Francisco, California, March 20, 1885. He entered in McKendree in 1848 and graduated in the class of 1854, receiving the degree of A. B. Later he was granted the A. M. degree, and after completing a course in Rush Medical College of Chicago, he received the degree of M. D. from that institution. While in Mc Kendree, he was a member of the Philosophian Literary So- ciety. In spite of the inducements to follow his father ' s pro- fession, he seemed more inclined to literary pursuits, and hence never practiced medicine. His early efforts at poetry are lauded by his friend, H. C. Bradsby, as being worthy to be classed with the works of Poe or Gray; but since it was necessary that his work produce a means of livelihood as well as an outlet for his desire to write, he turned his at- tention to journalism. He was connected successively with the Pike County Union of Griggsville, the Pike County Dem- ocrat of Pittsfield, the Illinois State Journal of Springfield, several Chicago papers, the Associated Press in Chicago, and finally in 1870, he became Managing Editor of the San Fran- cisco Morning Call, which position he held until the time of his death. During the Civil War, he was adjutant of Colonel Mather ' s regiment, the 2nd Illinois Light Artillery, and at the same time, served as war correspondent for the Chicago Times. He was a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason. LEWIS M. PHILLIPS Lewis M. Phillips was born in Washington County, Illi- nois, August 6, 1833. He entered McKendree in 18 3, after considerable preliminary training, and completed the scien- tific course in 1854, receiving the degree of B. S. He con- tinued his studies in McKendree and graduated in the clas- sical course in 1857, with the degree of A. B. He then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1858. He taught school for several years while continuing his law studies, and then spent a year in the Law Department of Harvard University, and in 1861, graduated from that institution with the degree of LL. B. August 12, 1861, he enhsted in the United States army. He was in a number of important One Hundred and Sixty-Jiine IfMC KENDREE engagements, and tcDok an active part in the siege of Vicksburg. After the surrender of that place, he resigned his position as Lieutenant on account of ill health, and began the practice of law at Nashville, Illinois. He was commissioner of enroll- ments for the twelfth congressional district until the close of the war. He continued the practice of his profession until his death, which occurred December 27, 1880. He was mar- ried April 10, 1864, to Miss Mary A. Buck. Their three children were Clyde B., Paul L., and Myrtle K. THE CLASS OF 1855 The catalogue of 1854 has one man listed as the senior class for the next year. This was Mr. Isaiah Stickel. For some reason, possibly because he did not wish to be in a class by himself, his graduation was deferred till the next year, and he finished in the class of 1856. So the only degrees conferred at the commencement of 1855 were the Doctor of Divinity upon Rev. James G. Blair, who was at that time vice-president of the Ohio University, (and who was, two years later, invited to become president of McKendree, but declined), and the degree of Master of Arts upon Dr. J. S. Harrison, who was already a Doctor of Medicine and a pro- fessor in the Cincinnati College of S urgery and Medicine. THE CLASS OF 1856 The members of this class are James H. Barger, Caleb C. Burroughs, David Birch Halderman, Frederic James Hes- lop, John Hill, Dempsey S. Kennedy, Jacob Samuel Moore, Thomas Asbury Parker, David Howell Porter, Isaiah Stickel, and Elias Dimory Wilkin. Sketches follow of those concerning whom we have information. REV. JAMES H. BARGER James Hughes Barger, son of John S. and Sarah A. Barger, was born in Kentucky, June 29, 183 1. Nearly his whole life was spent in Illinois. He graduated from the Illinois Wesleyan University, July 6, 185 j, with the degree of A. B. This is claimed to be the first degree ever conferred by that institution. In 1856, he received the honorary degree of A. M. from McKendree. He was licensed to preach in 1850, joined the Illinois Conference in 1853, and was active in the work of the ministry till his death, which occurred October 31, 1861, when he was accidentally shot on an island in the Mississippi River. His last appointment was presiding elder of the Quincy District. He was married September 5, 1853, to Miss Elisi A. Reddick, who with three children, sur- vived him. CALEB C. BURROUGHS Caleb C. Burroughs was born June 5, 1829, at Prince Frederick, divert County, Maryland and died at Salina, Kansas, March i, 1904. His parents were Joseph and Re- becca Burroughs. He came to Illinois at the age of nine, and became a student in McKendree and a member of the Platonian Society in 185 1. He graduated in 1856, receiving the degree of B. S. He was married in April, 1857, to Miss Nancy Phillips of MiddleviUe, New York. Their children were Joseph V. and Charles N. Burroughs. Some time after the death of his first wife, he was married to Miss Lizzie Brown, October 16, 1883. Of this marriage, one son was born — Harry B. Burroughs. After his graduation, he taught for some years in a seminary at Shelbyville, Illinois, where he was associated with his fellow alumnus. Professor C. W. Jerome, who was principal of the institution. His first wife was also a teacher in this school for a time. It was there that he made her acquaintance. After this period of teaching, he engaged in the book business in Decatur, Illinois, for a time, and then entered the manufacturing business and established the Union Iron Works of Decatur. In 1883, he went to Kansas and lived on a ranch for a time, and later resided in Salina, Kansas, where his death occurred. He was for many years a member of the Methodist Church, but later m life became a member of the Christian Church and a minister in that body. JOHN HILL John Hill was born at New Salem, Illinois, September 6. 1839. He was a son of Samuel and Parthenia Hill. His father was a native of New Jersey, and after coming to Illi- nois, engaged in merchandising. John graduated from Mc- Kendree in 1856, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. On the death of his father, the year following, he assumed charge of his extensive business interests, which included the operating of a large woolen mill which was burned a few years later. He was editor of a local paper at Petersburg, Illinois, and took an active part in the Lincoln-Douglas campaign as a vigorous supporter of Douglas. He was elected to the Illinois Legislature and served as a member of the twenty-fourth General Assembly. After living in Jacksonville, Illinois, for some years, in 1872 he moved to Columbus, Georgia, where he was employed with the Eagle and Phoenix Woolen Mills. Afterward he became engineer for these mills and held this position until 1892, becoming widely known throughout the south as a mill expert. He was the inventor of numerous factory machines and fire protection devices, and later was prominent in several manufacturing companies, among them the Hill Automatic Sprinkling Company, and the Neracher and Hill Sprinkling Company of Warren, Ohio. He was also One Hundred and Seventy MC KENDREE- fe . .... a well-known and extensive writer on mechanical and textile subjects. He married Lula C. Crawley of Jacksonville, Illi- nois. Their four children were: Perry N., John and B. Y. Hill, and one daughter, now Mrs. John C. Martin. They all reside in Columbus, Georgia, except the second son, John, who lives in Atl.mta. After a useful career, active to its very close. Mr. Hill died January 20, 1898. DEMPSEY S. KENNEDY Dempsey S. Kennedy was born February , iSj ;. He became a student m McKendree m 1852, and graduated m the class of 1856, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was engaged in farming near Nashville, in Washington County, Illinois. But he did not long survive his graduation. A promising career was cut short by his death, February 28, iS-iS. REV. JACOB S. MOORE Jacob Samuel Moore was born in St. Clair County, Illi- nois, February 16, 1835. He became a student m McKen- dree m iS ' fo, and completed the classical course, receiving the degree of A. B. in i8 ' i6. Later he received the Master ' s degree. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary So- ciety. He was admitted as a probationer in the Southern Illinois Conference m 18 7, and was received in full con- nection in 1859. He served the following charges: Xenia, Sandoval, Central City, Flora, Lebanon, Upper Alton, and then for three years, 1865-68, he was president of the South- ern Illinois Female College at Salem. During the Civil War, he was captain in the Fortieth regiment of Illinois Volun- teers. After his retirement from the work of the ministry in 1869, he moved to Atchison, Kansas, where he lived until his death, which occurred October 20, 1880. He was married June 20, i860, to Miss Cornelia Randle. REV. THOMAS A. PARKER Thomas Asbury Parker was born m New Albany, In- diana, February 22, 1838, and died at Champaign, Illinois, June 18, 1921. When he was eleven years of age, his par- ents moved to Lebanon to educate their son in McKendree. He graduated in the class of 1856, when he was eighteen years old. After this, he studied medicine in St. Louis, and then went to Topeka, Kansas, to practice the physicians ' vocation. While there, he became a member of the first faculty of Baker University, at Baldwin. He also joined the Kansas Conference in 1861. Later, he held many im- portant positions. He was president of St. Charles College, and Superintendent of Public Instruction for the state of Missouri. He was Grand Prelate of the Grand Commandery, Knights Templar of Illinois for nineteen years, a record never before attained. Early in the Civil War, he enlisted in the 1 2th regiment Kansas Volunteers, and was appointed chap- lain. In later years, he was chaplain of the Legislature of Missouri, and afterward of the Illinois Legislature. He was a prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic and for twelve years was chaplain of the Soldiers ' Home at Danville, 111. He was in the ministry of the Methodist Church for sixty years, and during forty-seven of those years, he was connected with the Illinois Conference. He was pastor of several important churches, and served a term as super, intendent of the Champaign District. He was also widely known as a lecturer and writer. He was a high grade type of Christian gentleman, and filled every position to which he was called with a high degree of efficiency. His wife passed away about six years before his death, but their four children survive him. His only son is Walter A. Parker of Chicago. Dr. and Mrs. Parker celebrated their golden wed- ding anniversary m July, 1914. JUDGE DAVID H. PORTER David Howell Porter was born near Ghent, Gallatm (now Carroll) County, Kentucky. He was a son of Mr. and Mrs. William Porter, his father being a native of Virginia and his mother ot North Carolina. He became a stu- dent in McKendree in 185 1 and graduated in 1856, re- ceiving the degree of B. S. He then studied law and re- ceived from McKendree the degreeof LL. B. in i86 i.He was a member of the Pla- tonian Literary Society. He was married October 25, DAVID PORTER 1866, to Miss Sarah F.Copp, of Waterloo, Illinois. To them were born two sons, of whom one is now living. In 1861, Mr. Porter enlisted in the Union army and was elected lieu ' tenant m Company E of the Second Illinois Cavalry. He was afterward transferred to the infantry service, and in 1864, became a captain in the 142nd Illinois Regiment. After the war, he located in Kansas City, Missouri, and engaged in the practice of law. From 1868 to 1872, he was editor of the Kansas City Bulletin. In 1873, he was elected judge of the Kansas City Municipal Court. In 1874, he became asso- ciate editor of the St. Louis Dispatch. In 1883, he was elected president of the Kansas City Municipal Council. In One Hundred and Seventy-One s religion, he was a Unitarian. He was a member of the order of A. F. 6? A. M. and of the Grand Army of the RepubHc. He was a man of sterling integrity — genial, kindly, cultured, and a true friend. His death occurred January 28, 1909, at Kansas City. LIEUT. ISAIAH STICKEL Isaiah Stickel was born in April, 1830. He entered Mc- Kendree at the age of twenty, and made his own way through college under circumstances of great difficulty. Be- fore finishing his course, he taught two years in Union Academy at Sparta, Illinois. He then returned to college and graduated in 1856, with the degree of A. B.; and later he received the A. M. degree. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After graduation, he was prin- cipal of the Jacksonville grade school. Then for two years he was principal of the Monticello High School. In 1861, he en- listed in Company F of the second regiment of Illinois Cav- alry. He later became first lieutenant of this company. He served through the entire Civil War and was engaged in much actual fighting. During the last nine months of his service, he was mustering officer with headquarters at San Antonio, Texas. After the war, he located in Kansas, sixty miles west of Atchison, and engaged in mercantile pursuits. He was also active in church work and did much for the promotion of the interests of Methodism in that section. In 1895, he removed to Baldwin, Kansas. There he was presi- dent of the Board of Trustees which built a $50,000 Meth- odist church. After that, he entered and proved up a soldier homestead claim in western Kansas. He then returned to Baldwin to spend his old age in that college town. REV. ELIAS D. WILKIN Elias Dimory Wilkin was born near Newark, Ohio, Sep ' tember 20, 1830. He was the second in a family of six sons and three daughters. When he was about fifteen years of age, the family moved to Crawford County, Illinois, where they engaged in farming. After being trained in the common schools and under a Methodist minister as a private tutor, he entered McKendree in 1850, and graduated in 1856, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He received the degree of D. D. from Blackburn College, a Presbyterian institution at Carlin- ville, Illinois. He had intended to make the law his profession, but after his conversion in 1848, he felt the call to the minis- try, and devoted his life to that work. He was admitted to the Illinois Conference in 1857. After three years as professor and president of Marshall Seminary, he took a regular pas- torate and was appointed to Champaign. At the opening of the Civil W.ir, he became chaplain of the Twenty-first Illinois (Grant ' s) Regiment. In 1865, he resumed the work of the ministry in his conference, and served with great accepta- bility the following charges: Charleston, Normal, Springfield Second Church, Mattoon, Pana, Paris, Champaign, Vermil- lion, Danville First Church, Carlinville, and Lincoln, cover- ing a period of nearly thirty-eight years in his entire ministry. He was twice married, first to Miss Harriet Mayo of Paris, Illinois, on December 20, 1857. She died October 31, 1881. His second marriage was to Mrs. Mary E. Hill of Palestine, Illinois, who survived him. In his death, April 8, 1895, Dr. Wilkin realized his oft-expressed desire of Dying in the harness. He was in the fifth year of his pastorate at Lincoln, which he was trying to make the best of the five. Though he had been ailing for a few days, he was able to plan for his charge. As he was seated in his arm-chair he threw up his hands, and he was not for God took him. THE CLASS OF 1857 CAPT. WILLIAM H. COPP William Herbert Copp was born in Chautauqua County, New York, May 30, 1836. He came with his parents to Monroe County, Illinois, in 1844, and settled near Waterloo. He entered McKendree College in 1853, and became a mem- ber of the Platonian Society. He graduated from college, receiving the degree of B. S. in 1857. He then studied law in a law office in Waterloo, and was admitted to the bar. But having no inclination to practice law, he engaged in farming near Waterloo. During the war, he was an officer in the Union army. He was captain of Company A of the 130th Regiment, Illinois Volunteers. In May, 1873, he was married to Miss Louisa Gilmore. He died April 2, 1885, leaving his widow with three sons and three daughters. Mrs Copp left the farm and moved to the city of Waterloo, where she still lives with her one unmar- ried daughter. JOSEPH H. MATTHEWS Joseph H. Matthews was born at Perry, Pike County, Illinois, December 3, 1835. He entered college in Septem- ber, 1853, a ' ! graduated in 1857, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. For a year, he was a clerk in the office of the State Auditor at Springfield, Illinois. He was then em- ployed for some time with Prof. Norwood in making a geological survey of the central and southern portions of Illinois. He returned to Perry in the fall of 1859 and in December of that year, was married to Miss Kate Whittaker. One Hundred and Seventy-Two H s He spent p.irt ot the following year in farming and then engaged m the mercantile business with his father-in-law He died ot tuberculosis at Perry, March ji, 1861. REV. WILLIAM FLETCHER SHORT William Fletcher Short was born m the state of Ohio m the year 1829. In early childhood, he came with his parents to Morgan County, Illinois, where he grew to manhood. At the age of about twenty, he became a student in Mc- Kendree and took his college course there except the last year, which he spent in the Illinois Wesleyan at Blooming- ton, and having transferred his credits, he received his Bachelor ' s degree at that institution m 1854. I 1817, he received the degree of A. M. from McKendree. In later years he was granted the degree of D. D. by the Ohio Wes- leyan University. While at McKendree, he was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After graduation, he spent three years teaching in a seminary at Jackson, Missouri, which was under the auspices of the Missouri Conference. He then joined the Illinois Conference and was pastor or presiding elder in that conference until 1875, when he was elected president of the Illinois Female College at Jackson- ville. He remained in this position until 189 j, when he was appointed superintendent of the Illinois State Institution for the Blind at Jacksonville. After four years of service here, he retired from active labor, and his useful life came to a close August 29, 1909. Ilijliii Jiliiitiili liitlfifllllt iiliiiiii. J iflilELHill A pen and ink drawing of McKendree College as it appeared about i860 One Hundred and Seventw-Three NIC KENDREE ..... CHAPTER XV. President CobleigKs Administration OCTOR Cobleigh ' s term as president 1 covered the years iS-jS to 1863. The cat alogue of 1859 shows his faculty to have consisted of Risdon M. Moore, Math- ematics and Astronomy, Rev. Franklin O. Blair, Natural Science, Albert A.Scott, A. M., An- cient Languages, Hon. Augustus C. French, LL. D., Lecturer on Law, Rev. Oliver V. Jones, A. M., Adjunct Professor of Mathematics and English Literature, Samuel H. Deneen, A. M., Adjunct Professor of Ancient Languages and Literature. R. M. Moore was Fiscal Agent and S. H. Deneen, Librarian. That year there were one hundred and seventy-two students enrolled in all departments. The list included two future college presidents, McKendree H. Chamberlin and John E. Earp, as well as several other names that were destined to come to prominence. The Law Department was just in the process of formation. There was a law lecturer announced, and a course of study, but no students. They were to come the next fall. The course of study of the whole institution was classified under nine departments as follows: L Moral and Intellectual Philosophy. IL Mathematics and Astronomy. in. Natural Science. IV. Greek Language and Literature. V. Latin Language and Literature. VI. Belles Lettres and Enghsh Literature. VII. Hebrew and Biblical Literature. VIII. Modern Language — French and German. IX. Law. The course of study for the Freshman and Sophomore years was made up entirely of Latin, Greek and Mathematics. In the second term, for the sake of variety, they would study Greek, Latin and Mathematics; and in the third term, they secured still greater variety by studying Mathematics, Greek and Liitm. In the Junior and Senior years, they continued their classic studies, but also devoted some time to Science and Philosophy; but there were certainly no fads or frills in the course. Candidates for admission to the Freshman class had to be able to pass an examination in all the studies of the two year preparatory course, and be not less than fourteen years of age. Also in all cases, satisfactory testimonials of good moral character must be furnished. All fees had to be paid in advance. No student was to be admitted to classes until he showed a receipt from the fiscal agent. Tuition per term in the Preparatory Department was seven dollars; col- lege, eight dollars; Hebrew, French or German, two dollars PRESIDENT COBLEIGH extra; room rent, ten to twelve dollars a year; board, two dollars to two and a half per week; washing, sixty cents a dozen, and wood, two dollars a cord. There was also a statement that many students board themselves at a cost of seventy-five cents to a dollar a week. A daily record of merits and demerits was kept for each student, and the same was furnished to par- ents or guardians, if they so desired. If any student accumulated twenty or more demerits during a single term, he was subject to sus- pension or expulsion at the discretion of the faculty. ' No student was entitled to absent himself from class or from the city without the consent of the president. Now It seems appropriate to give brief sketches of certain members of the faculty who have not been sketched before, tho some will be reserved for later treatment. REV. NELSON E. COBLEIGH D. D. Nelson Ebenezer Cobleigh was born at Littleton, New Hampshire, November 24, 1814, and died at Atlanta, Geor- gia, February i, 1874. His early years were spent in pov- erty, and It was by hard effort and perseverence that he secured an education. He was graduated from the Wesleyan University in 1843, and the same year taught in the high school at Middletown. He joined the New England Con- ference in 1844, and was engaged in pastoral work until 1853, when he was elected to the Chair of Ancient Languages in McKendree College. He held the position for only one year, and at the same time served as pastor of the Lebanon Methodist Church. The next year he was called to a similar position in Lawrence College, Wisconsin. He continued in this position until 1858, when he was called back to Mc Kendree to be president and professor of Mental and Moral Science. The record of the college Board of Trustees would seem to indicate that Dr. Akers had preferred to return to the pastorate in 1857, and Dr. Blair of Ohio was elected president, but declined. Prof. Werter R. Davis was the acting president. At commencement, i8 ' ;7, some of the students presented a petition to the Joint Board, requesting them to elect Dr. Cobleigh president. Doubtless some of them remem- bered him as professor and pastor when he was there a few years before. So late in the fall, they elected Dr. Cobleigh and he took charge early in 1858. He continued in the posi- One Htitidred and Seventy-Foii tion for five years. In a historical sketch which he re.id at the Educational Convention of 1868, Dr. Allyn says that the institution made more substantial progress in certain lines during his administration than it had under any of his pre- decessors. His son, Nelson Simmons Cobleigh, was graduated from McKendree in the class of 1862. The next year, the father accepted a call to become editor of Zion ' s Herald, which was the Methodist church paper for that part of the country, and published at Boston. So when the family moved to Boston, young Cobleigh took graduate work in Harvard. Dr. Cobleigh spent four years with Zion ' s Herald and then returned to the educational field as president of the Ten- nessee Wesleyan at Athens, Tennessee. After five years in this post, he was elected editor of the Methodist Advocate at Atlanta, Georgia, in 1872. This was a difficult position to fill, as editor of a journal of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the very heart of the Southern Methodist country. At that time, so soon after the Civil War, the estrangement between the North and South churches was at its height. He did his work with boldness and vigor, yet with such tact and an evident spirit of fairness as to win the respect and esteem of those opposed to him and the cause he repre- sented. So that after his death, those who were his most pronounced antagonists paid willing honors to his memory. He achieved honorable success m every field of labor to which he was called. One of his biographers says of him, He was an acceptable pastor, earnest and logical as a preacher, a teacher of great and varied abilities, an editor of tact and discrimination, and a man of magnetic and forceful per- sonality. Dr. Cobleigh ' s second son, Edward Augustus, was en- rolled as a student in McKendree during his last year there. Later he became a physician and surgeon, and founder of the Chattanooga Medical College, of which he was president for fifteen years. At the time of his death m 1904, it had four hundred students. He was also instrumental m the founding of Erlanger Hospital in Chattanooga, and was one of Its managers. The only daughter in the Cobleigh family, Theda, married Rev. Frank A. Peake, a Presbyterian min- ister. He has also been a college teacher and Chautauqua lecturer. Mrs. Theda Cobleigh Peake has also had a career as a college teacher in the field of languages and of education. The record of the Board for the June meeting in i860 contains a resolution passed on motion of Dr. Cobleigh, then president, That we tender to the ladies and people of Leb- anon our hearty thanks for the bell and clock, which by their efforts and contributions have been placed in the tower of the new college chapel. This means that some time prior to that date the people of the community thru the influence of the ladies as leaders of the enterprise, the people of Leb- anon had furnished the money necessary to place these two pieces of useful equipment in the chapel, in which no doubt they all had a strong community pride. We have no infor- mation as to the maker of the clock, but it is a ponderous machine with weights hung on wire ropes, which descend through wooden tubes from the clock tower to the ground. One of these weights weighs eight hundred pounds. To wind the clock means to lift these weights a distance of fifty feet or more. It is accomplished by the operator turning a windlass with a crank large enough to use both hands. The clock has four faces showing on the outside of the tower in the four cardinal directions, with long wooden hands to point the hours. But these hive long ago gotten out of repair to the extent that the hands no longer function. But the clock is still kept wound. This needs to be done but once a week, and Its loud strokes, made by a hammer striking against the bell, can be heard over the greater part of the city, by day or night, so that it serves as a sort of community regulator to many of the citizens, and certain of the college classes are dismissed at its signal instead of the ringing of the bell. The bell has a more specific and more romantic history, which some may regard as traditional or even mythical, but It is embodied in a record left by Rev. Thomas A. Eaton, D. D., who was a graduate of McKendree and spent his life as a member of the Southern Illinois Conference. He says the bell was brought to St. Louis some time in the fifties by some Santa Fe traders who found it in a deserted church somewhere in New Mexico. It is supposed to have been a Roman Catholic Indian Mission Church. Dates and names molded in the bell showed that it was cast in Spam m the eighth century, and recast in the fourteenth. Both of these castings occurred before the discovery of America. The date that It was brought to Florida, some time m the sixteenth century, was carved upon it. After the traders brought it to St. Louis, It was recast again in that city, and shortly after was taken to the Illinois State Fair, held at Centralia in the fall of i8 ' i8. It was there placed on exhibition and offered for sale. During the days of the fair, visitors kept it almost constantly tolling to test the quality of its tones. After the fair, it was purchased by President Cobleigh and Professor R. M. Moore, who brought it to Lebanon and caused it to be placed in the tower of the new college chapel. Since that time, it has done constant service for every conceivable sort of college gathering, except on a few occasions when it was One Hundred and Seventy-Fne left tongueless by the depredations of certain ill-advised young students, whose feet were more active than their heads, and who preferred to climb to the belfry by night rather than to the commencement platform on graduation day. In fact, the clapper is no part of the original bell, since it has been replaced frequently through the mechanical skill of some local blacksmith. For many years, an extra bell clap- per was a necessary part of the college equipment, but in recent years McKendree students have found more dignified ways of amusing themselves than by the silly trick of stealing the college bell clapper. This old bell has called the students and the public to three score and ten annual commencements. It has often rung the old year out and the new one in. Once It rang continuously all night long when the students were celebrating the achievement of President Chamberlin in securing the first hundred thousand dollars of endowment for the col- lege. Thousands of students have obeyed its call to class, and doubtless many other thou- sands will hear and heed its mellow tones in the years which Ue in the future. PROF. F. O. BLAIR Franklin Otis Blair was born in Blandford, Massachusetts, November 30, 1822. He en- tered the Wesleyan Academy at Wilbraham, Massachusetts, in 1842. After completing his preparatory course there, he entered the Wesleyan University at Middletown, in 1844, and graduated from that institution in 1848. In the same year, he began teaching matics at the Providence Conference Seminary at East Greenwich, Rhode Island. In 1850, he became principal of the Springfield Wesleyan Seminary at Springfield, Vermont. He joined the Vermont Conference in 1852, and took charge of Woodstock Grammar School at Woodstock, Vermont, in 1855. The next year he was elected Adjunct Professor of Mental and Moral Science and Principal of the Female Col- legiate Institute in Lawrence University at Appleton, Wis- consin. He transferred to the Wisconsin Conference in 1857. In 1858, he transferred to the Southern Illinois Conference and became Professor of Natural Science in McKendree Col- lege. He continued in this position until 1871. From 1872 till 1888, he was Agent for the Ame rican Bible Society. He was married August 7, 185J, to Miss Electa Ann Adams at Luzerne, New York. Of their two children, the daughter died in childhood. The son, Erwin Otis, grew up in Lebanon, was educated in McKendree, and went west, where in after DR. WILLIAMS (the years he became the editor and proprietor of the Daily News at Trinidad, Colorado. There is a house still standing adjoining McKendree ' s cam- pus which Professor Blair built as a home for his family during their sojourn in Lebanon. After the death of Mrs. Blair in 1888, he made his home with his son in Colorado, where he lived for eight years until his death, October 14, 1896. He made an honorable place for himself in the history of Mc- Kendree, and when he went west he left his library to the college. PROF. S. W. WILLIAMS Samuel W. Williams was born in Chilicothe. Ohio, De- cember 2, 1827. His father was of Welsh-Irish descent, and his mother of German, though both were native Americans. In jhis ' infancy, his parents moved to Cincin- nati where he was brought up. He was pre- pared for college in Woodward High School, and then entered the Ohio Wesleyan Univer- sity, and graduated from that institution in the class of 1848. The same year he began teaching in Worthington Female Seminary. The next year he taught in Baldwin Institute in Berea, Ohio. In 1851, he became a tutor in the Ohio Wesleyan. After a few years of service there, he became Professor of Ancient Languages in McKendree in 1857. He enter- ed the employ of the Methodist Book Concern in 1859 as Book Editor and Assistant Editor of the Ladies ' Repository .He was the sole editor of books practically all the time for more than forty years. Bishop Moore said of him, Dr. Williams has read more manuscripts than any man in Methodism. He has been a frequent contributor to Methodist periodicals and is author of a book, Pictures of Early Methodism in Ohio, a volume of three hundred and twenty pages, published in 1909. Early in the year 1892, when the editorial chair of the Central Christian Advocate at St. Louis became vacant by the death of Dr. Fry, Dr. Williams was sent to take charge of the paper until the General Conference, which was to meet in May of that year, could elect a new editor. Dr. Jesse Bowman Young was chosen editor and also commencement orator at McKendree ' s commencement that year, June 16. Dr. Williams came with him. It was thirty- three years after he had completed his term of service at McKendree and doubtless a third of a century had seen many changes. Probably there was no one either in the faculty or EciiroT ' .5 . nte — Dr. Willuims died Fehritary. 1938. One Hundred and Seienty-Si.i s student body with whom he had been associated m his teaching at McKendree, but possibly a few of the same Bo.ird members were there. He also delivered an address m the af- ternoon of commencement day and presented to the college a picture of Bishop McKendree, which has hung in the chapel for thirty-five years. After he was relieved from duty on the Central Advocate, he returned to St. Louis and resumed his former post at the Book Concern. In 1912, when he was eighty-five years old, he retired from active work. He is spending the evening of life at his home m Wyoming, Ohio, where he is still an omnivorous reader. His wife was Laura L. Evans. Of their three children, one died in infancy. The others are Berthold Alexander and Laura Elizabeth. He re- ceived the degrees of A. B. and A. M. from the Ohio Wes- leyan and LL. D. from McKendree. He reached his hundredth year December 2, 1927. He received his first degree eighty years ago. The Literary Digest recently called him the oldest college graduate in America. He was born before McKen- dree was founded and has talked with men who attended the funeral of George Washington. In his home is a library of five thousand volumes, which includes what is supposed to be the most complete collection of books on Methodism to be found in the United States. At his death, this collection will go to his Alma Mater, the Ohio Wesleyan University. Following are some reminiscences of his life at McKendree which he wrote by request for this history. PERSONAL IMPRESSIONS OF McKENDREE COLLEGE by Samuel W. Williams When I entered McKendree College as a member of the faculty in 1857, there were already five teachers and about one hundred and thirty students. My department was the Ancient Languages. James G. Blair of Ohio was the president- elect, and It was understood that he would accept the posi- tion offered to him. He finally declined to come, but mean- while Werter R. Davis acted as president. Dr. Davis was the Professor of Natural Science, including Physiology and Hygiene. He was ready and alert in his department to per- form the experiments required for illustration, and he handled his apparatus and materials as a master. He was a skillful manipulator of chemicals, and as chemistry is a part of the science of medicine, a medical college m Cincinnati conferred upon him, without his previous knowledge or intimation to that effect, the degree of Doctor of Medicine. I do not think that he was much of a reader of miscel- laneous literature, but he managed to pick up a great deal of information, and he never was at loss for an apt incident or fact to illustrate his talks. In the pulpit he was listened to with pleasure and profit, and as a minister of the gospel, he was always in demand. There is an appreciative sketch of him in the Methodist Review and m the volume entitled The Pastor-Preacher, published by the Methodist Book Concern and written by his son-in-law. Bishop William A. Quayle. Professor Davis, and others of the faculty, thought that on the declination of Dr. Blair, he should himself have been elected president of the college; but there was a strong pre- judice against him on the part of the resident trustees and the executive committee, and he was passed by. I think he was disappointed in not being elected. It is not my purpose to rehearse The Sorrows of Werter. as Goethe did. but he certainly had cause to expect such a promotion. The trus- tees had adopted a rule that in the choice of a president the active members of the faculty should be consulted and their preferences ascertained; but when Dr. Blair finally decHned to come, they or their executive committee, without one hint as to his successor or declaration of their intention to elect any one else, offered the presidency to Nelson E. Cobleigh. Dr. Cobleigh had formerly been a professor m McKendree, and though he knew Lebanon well, he came about Christmas to look over the ground and examine the condition of affairs. Having satisfied himself as to the state and prospects of the college, he accepted the position, and in the Spring of 1858, he assumed charge. There was, however, no cordiality or confidence between him and the leading members of the fac- ulty — not so much on account of the person as the secre t mode of his election — and at the end of the year, some of them left the institution. In this action, the trustees were peremptory and suspicious; the faculty were hasty and in- considerate. But perhaps it all turned out for the best; and both parties learned that all wisdom did not reside solely with them. Shortly afterward Professor Davis became the president of the Baker University at Baldwin, Kansas; and during the Civil War, he served as Colonel of one of the Kansas regi- ments. He was always considerate of the men under his command, and as occasion required, he acted as chaplain. As for myself, at the close of the college year, I returned to my home in Cincinnati. President Cobleigh was an eloquent speaker, and his ser- mons and addresses were pertinent and instructive. As a teacher, he was stimulating. His scholarship was good and he was acquainted with literature. He kept himself abreast with the thought of the age; and when he became editor of Zion ' s Herald, and subsequently of the Methodist Ad- ((mY RDER OF EXERCISES V)))); E2®KK10K](S = PRAYER, - - - - Br THE PaE9IDI; T. MUSIC, Stbcoolc ro« laraovEMMT, .... J. O. Butler. Lite abd Death, L. M. Puillips. MUSIC. Beaoties or WigDOB, T. J. Caldwell. BltlErACTO.S or MaKKIKD, ... - KM UE.VEt . MiMIOI. or POETRT, ....... S. H. D£ L£!«. LirE ' s Co.1TE«T , I. N. Hll.Gl.Hi. MUSIC. ADDRESS 10 TH[ PHILOSOPHIAM SOClEir, Br Prrf, BI 9ELU -f Bl.n.l.. BENEDICTION. T. S. Cahev. MlBD BA« A DtSTlNT. --.... S. F. ConRIHCTOH. Muetc. - - - - . S. L. Edwabd«. AI)D?.SSS ?0 TS5 PLATOlJIillv S02ISTT, JULY J CANDIDATES FOR THE DEGREE OF J. O. BrTLr.R, L. M. PHILLIPS, MOUHT Vee Nashville. CANDIDATES FOR THE DEGREE OF T J. CALDWELL, - R. M. IjENEEN, . S. H. DENEEN, I. N. HIGGINS, . Fba, Leba CANDIDATES FOK THE DEGREE OF T. S- CASF.Y, A. B. . - . . Shaw«eeto S. F. CORRINGTON, A. B. . Jacksonvill S. L. EDWARDS, A. B. - - GBEEHritLI . W. B. RIGGIN, A. B. - . Le.anoi.. _ f iSM U S 1 .C i V_ .. tf iTBENEDICTION. ii ' V - PL ' BLIfHED LT Xn hy J a f Facsimile of commencem; vocate at Chattanooga, he exhibited his talents better than he did in the class room or in the presidential chair of the college. He was a good administrator, but both he and his successor, Robert AUyn, were hampered by lack of funds. There was very little endowment and very little income. And the fees for tuition and incidental expenses were very small. It was almost impossible to pay the salaries of the in- structors, and indeed some of them were never wholly paid. Risdon M. Moore, the professor of Mathematics, was a patient and persevering instructor within the range of the text books used in his classes. He did not pursue his studies outside of them; and even if he had done so, he had no pupils who might wish to extend their researches in Astron- omy and fluxions. The professor preferred an active out-door life; and when he became a Colonel in the war between the states, he made a gallant and successful officer, and received the commendation of his superiors in command and of the general government. nt program for 1854 Thomas H. Mudge was a member of a large and well known New England family which gave so many of its sons to the church and the ministry. He received a good educa- tion at the Wesleyan University, and turned his attention especially to the study of the Scriptures in their original tongues. He was also well-versed in the literature of the ancient classics and modern authors. He was named for one of his uncles, Thomas Hicks, who resided in the East — New Jersey, I believe. His uncle became partially insane, and as there was no hospital for persons in such condition, he was placed in the county jail for safe keeping. Tho he was not treated as a common prisoner, but was allowed the liberty of the precincts, and on one occasion when his keepers were not watching, he took advantage of the opportunity to es- cape. After roaming about for a number of days, without recapture, he returned of his own accord to the prison, carry- ing a few fagots that he had cut with his jack knife in the woods, and exclaimed as he gave himself up: One Hundred and Setenty-Eight MC KENDREE Here comes old Hicks with a bundle of sticks, To mend the prison door. He has no doubt that he can get out As well as he did before. When our work in the class room was finished for the day, Professor Mudge and I often rambled thru the woods and over the fields about Lebanon. We both liked flowers, and he sometimes gathered bunches of them to adorn his sitting or dining room table. We once found a pretty blue flower which neither of us knew, but in consulting our books of botany, we identified it as a species of oxalis. The common sorrel we well knew, but this was a variety we had never before seen. I afterwards found it growing on one ot the hills north of Cincinnati, but in only a single spot. We once came across a patch of paw paw bushes. The professor had never seen a paw paw tree in New England, and he inquired of me what it was. I told him and said that it bore a fruit which was the delight of boys, and that as this was the season for paw paws, we might probably find some. On en- tering the clump, we discovered an abundance of the fruit, large and well ripened. Picking up one, I broke it open and began to eat. What! exclaimed he, are they good to eat? Try one , I answered, and so he did. It was a new experience, but he relished it greatly, and so long as we could find them in the woods, he used them freely. His wife and children, a son and a daughter, likewise became fond of them. Later in the season, besides hickory and hazel nuts, we got wild grapes, two varieties, and persimmons. These latter were good until Christmas, and when I went home on a visit dur- ing our Christmas recess, I took a little box of them with me. After leaving McKendree, Professor Mudge began col- lecting materials for a Commentary on the Pentateuch. In his leisure from pastoral and professional duties, he wrote expositions of many passages in it. If he had lived to finish his task, it would have been his opus magnum. He went to considerable expense in procuring from abroad works which he thought would be helpful to him m his undertaking, most of them in foreign languages. Samuel H. Deneen was my helper in the department of Latin and Greek. He was an earnest and diligent worker and allowed no lagging in his classes. No slipshod pupil escaped his attention. He was a reader of general literature as well as of the ancient classics, and acquainted with poetry. He owned a good library and was fond of books. Oliver V. Jones had charge of the academic department, and was faithful and untiring as an instructor. He was not a reader of many books, and cared little for general literature ; but he liked to run thru the magazines and papers that came to the college, and talk about what was going on in the world. He kept his eyes open, and was a good judge of men and manners. This frame of mind was of service to him when he subsequently became editor of a political paper. Many of his evenings were spent in society. He was always tidy in personal appearance, and used to shave himself every day, Sundays excepted, though he did not follow the example of Bishop Hamline who performed this operation twice on Saturday — m the morning and late in the evening, so as not to break the Sabbath. Samuel H. Deneen, Oliver V. Jones and myself were then unmarried. There were two churches in Lebanon, the Baptist and the Methodist. Of course we always attended the latter. It was a facetious saying in town that the Methodist girls attended the church not so much for the sake of the sermons as on account of The Sams and the hims. The Rev. Thomas F. Houts was the pastor stationed in Lebanon during my time at McKendree. He had been edu- cated as a lawyer; but God had touched his heart, and obey ing the call of the Divine Spirit, he entered the ministry. His sermons were generally interesting and he was a fluent talker. His style was wordy and sophomoric. Take a speci- men, on the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah. The site of these ancient cities is now a stagnant and fetid lake. No trees deck its borders or relieve its shores with their verdure. No white pebbles line its bed, and the waves surge not against its bleak and desolate rocks. There they frown on that dark, still, dead sea, bearing witness to all time of God ' s everlasting and implacable displeasure of sin. But this is not more than half as grandiloquent as some of his sentences. Mr. Houts was, however, a student of divinity, and in process of time he came to entertain doubts concerning the resurrection of the body. He adopted, per- haps with some modifications. Professor George Bush ' s the ory. This would have been innocent enough if he had kept his opinions to himself, but he began to preach them. I think he also published a small treatise on the subject, but it did not attract much attention from scholars, as being rather raw and rambling. But his theories subjected him to the notice of his conference. The minutes will probably show its action. Upon the whole, McKendree was a good school, both for the teachers and the taught. They equally learned les- sons which would have been difficult to learn elsewhere. If History IS Philosophy-teaching by example, history was there enacted. One Hundred and Sef ' MOBNIRO, 9 O ' CLOCK. f xjsyo. ORATtOMS. ISdXJSIO. Lettera ud Libenv J H MATTyEwe Th« Conquest of Mind, B TJSIC. MASTERS ' ORATIONS. SoDga in the Silent World, X- J. Caluwl The Causes of Byron ' s llnhu|)|Hn(■ , S H Df.xeen ADDRESS TO THE PHILOSOPHIAN SOCIETl BT JUDGE NILES. Be.I,LEVII.LE. IstfTJSIC PRAYER. -MUSIC. tmmm mmii mm to the cuADUATiJifl cuss. W. H. C i-i-, Waterloo 3. H. Mattuews, I. M. Phillips. Pcrrx . m. B Vi; ' i iJ Oi ' . . ' iri ' 3. T. J. Caldwell, .luekvonvillc. R. M. Dexeen. SiULFroneisro.Ciil S. H. De.neen, Lcbauo... I N HicoiNS, Griggsvillc. HOISrORARY DEGl REES. c- Poein to li.e Alumni, By I. N. HiooiN, ' A. M., Giife-fe-svllc. Address 10 Iho Alumni, By J I,. S iiipr A. M . Cliicaso. -.MUSIC- EVENING. — FESTIVAL OF TIIF, ALUMNI, AT TBS TEBAKDAH HOTKL. 8 O ' CLOCK. 755-7 Facsimile of commencement program THE CLASS OF 1858 This was the first class whose diplomas were signed by Dr. Cobleigh as president. Brief sketches of them follow. STITH OTWELL BONNER Stith Otwell Bonner was born at Staunton, Illinois, July 7, 183,7. His parents were of Scotch-Irish descent. His grand- father, Henry Bonner, came from Virginia with his family and settled near Edwardsville in 181 4. His father was John Bonner, and his mother, Polly Davidson Randle, was the daughter of an itinerant Methodist preacher. Mr. Bonner entered McKendree College in i8 ' )5, and graduated in 1858, with the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Phil- osophian Literary Society. He was married in 1861, to Julia A. Ballard, a grand-daughter of Washington C. Ballard, one of the early pioneers of Illinois. She died in 1867. In 1870, ■8,7 Jonathan and Frances Bascom, of St. Louis. By the first mar- riage, there was one daughter, now deceased. By the second marriage, a son and a daughter, LeRoy B. Bonner, now of St. Louis, and Mrs. Fannie Bonner Price, who long resided with her father at Edwardsville, Illinois. Since graduation, Mr. Bonner has followed various vocations, chiefly farming and horticulture. In 1888, he was elected Coroner of Mad- ison County, and held the office for a term of four years. After that he engaged in real estate and personal property auctioneering at Edwardsville. He was a member of the Methodist Church and the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows. He died in Jacksonville, Florida, January 7, 1925. JOHN WF LEY BROCK John Wesley Brock was born in Jersey County, Illinois, May 16, i8j6. He was the son of T. F. and Lucinda (Slaten) he was married to Mrs. Mary E. McHenry, daughter of Brock, the former being a native of Virginia and the 1 One Hiitidred and Eighty fMC KENDREE ter of Georgia. He entered McKendree m 1855, and grad- uated in the scientific course in 1858, receiving the degree of B. S. His was the first class to graduate in the present chapel building. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After graduation, he taught school for some time. In 1861, he enlisted in the Union army, being a member of the 27th regiment of Illinois Infantry, m which he served till the close of the war. After the war, he w as engaged in various lines of business. He lived for a time in Five Oaks, Florida, and later in Denver, Colorado, where his death oc- curred in 1893. He was married in October, 1866, to Miss Maria Parshley, of Ohio. Their two sons both died in in- fancy. Their daughter, Georgia, grew to womanhood. THOMAS ESSEX Thomas Essex was born m St. Louis, December 15, 1837. He was educated in a private school in St. Louis, the high school at Arcadia, Missouri, and at McKendree College, where he received the degree of A. B. in 1858. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He attended a law school in Cincinnati and received the degree of LL. B. in 1 86 1. He then settled in Ironton, Missouri, where he lived for fifteen years. He practiced law, taught school and edited the Iron County Register. In 1867, he was elected to the Missouri State Senate, and in 1870, was re elected and served as president pro tem of that body. In 1875, he moved to Little Rock, Arkansas, and the following year was appointed Land Commissioner for the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railroad. In 1881, he was also made Tax Com- missioner for the Missouri Pacific Railway in Arkansas. In 1892, he retired from active life and spent his declining years m St. Louis. In 1866, he was married to Adeline V. Hypes, a daughter of Benjamin Hypes, of Lebanon. Their daughter, Carrie, became the wife of Professor Emory B. Lease, of the University of Cincinnati. Mr. Essex died July 10, 1909. DANIEL KERR Danier Kerr was born in Scotland, June 18, 1837. He came to America with his parents m 1841 and located on a farm in Liberty Prairie, Madison County, Illinois. In 1848-49, he was a student in ShurtlefF College. In 1855, he entered McKendree and graduated in the class of 1858. He was a member of Philo. After receiving his bachelor ' s degree, he entered the Law Department of McKendree, which was then newly organized, and completed the law course in 1861. The following year he was admitted to the bar. In 1862, he en- listed in the 117th Illinois Volunteers, which was known as the McKendree Regiment. He entered the service as a pri- vate, but was mustered out in i86 ' i as a First Lieutenant. After the w.ir he began the practice of law in Alton. In 1866, he moved to Edwardsville, from which place he was elected to the Legislature m 1868. In 1869, he moved to Grundy Center, Iowa, and was elected to the Iowa Legis- lature m 1883. In 1884, he was a presidential elector, and in 1886, was elected to Congress. He was reelected the fol- lowing term. After his career in Congress, Mr. Kerr retired from politics as well as from the practice of law and spent his later years on a farm in Iowa. He was accustomed to spend the winters m California. After leaving the law, he spent some years in another field as editor of the New Century, and later of the Argos. He died only a few years ago. JOSEPH WILLIAM VAN CLEVE Joseph William Van Cleve was born at Mt. Vernon, Jefferson County, Illinois, Feb. 20, 1837. He entered Mc- Kendree as a student in the fall of 1854 and graduated in 1858, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He taught school in St. Jacob, Bethalto, Hillsboro, and Alton, in the last named place, for eight successive years. In 1870, he was admitted on trial in the Southern Illinois Conference, and in 1875, was received in full connection. He served the following charges : Equal- ity and Shawneetown, Jonesboro and Anna, Ashley, Jerseyville, Greenville, Olney, and Gillespie. In 1885, he was transferred to the Southern California Conference, where he spent the remainder of his life. He served several years as pre- siding elder. He was married March 5, 1859, to Miss Fanny Ransom Holmes. Their three children were William Holmes, Fanny Ransom, and Mary Evans. Some time after his wife ' s death, he was married a second time, June 30, 1872, to Miss Belle Zora Gird. Of this union, there was born one son, Ray Gird. Mr. Van Cleve ' s death occurred late in the century. JOHN VAN CLEVE John Van Cleve was born m Shrewsbury, New Jersey, May 28, 1804. His parents moved to Ohio in 1815. He was converted in 1822 and joined the Old Stone Church in Cincinnati. He was licensed to preach in 1825, and joined the Illinois Conference in 1828. In 185 1, he was transferred to the Missouri Conference and preached one year in St. Louis. He was then transferred to the Southern Illinois Con ' ference, where he labored till the end of his life. He served as presiding elder in the Alton and Lebanon districts, and was four times elected as delegate to the General Conference. He was also a member of the General Missionary Committee, and his last illness occurred while he was in New York City attending the meeting of the Committee. He died at St. Luke ' s Hospital in 1875. McKendree honored him with the degree of Doctor of Divinity in One HuTidred and Eightv-One frMC KENDREE .,..: ... THE CLASS OF 1859 This was the second class to graduate under Dr. Cobleigh ' s administration. Of course their training was mostly received under the former president. One member of the class is still living at this writing, and is now the oldest living graduate of the college. There was also in the class a future president of McKendree, McKendree Hypes Chamberlin, whose life history will appear in connection with the account of his administration as president. Some account of each of the others is given here. REV. LEMUEL CRAMP Lemuel Cramp was born at Bunker Hill, Illinois, April 6, 1838. He entered McKendree in 1856 and graduated in 1859, receiving the degree of B. S. In 1898, he received from his Alma Mater an honorary master ' s degree. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. After graduation, he taught for some years in the public schools at Troy, St. Jacob and Macon. In 1879, he joined the Southern Illinois Conference and spent the best years of his long life in the service of the church. During his ministry, he served some of the impor- tant charges of the conference, among them Lebanon and East St. Louis. He was married September 27, i860, to Miss Susanna Reed, of Lebanon. They had four children who are all married. Three of them were students in McKendree. Mrs. Cramp died November 30, 1896. Five years later he was married to Mrs. Mary L. Wiley of Brighton, Illinois. That city has been their home since his retirement in 191 3. Mr. Cramp is now the oldest living graduate of McKendree. He will have com- pleted his ninetieth year if still living by the time McKen- dree has finished her Centennial celebration . At the session of the Southern Illinois Conference held at the college in 1927, Brother Cramp was awarded the Confe rence Cane which is supposed to belong to the oldest member of the conference. MADISON M. GOODNER Madison Monroe Goodner was born near N.ishville, Illi- nois, June 21, 1842. He was a son of Salem and Elizabeth (Cherry) Goodner. He entered McKendree in 1856 and graduated in i8 ' ;9, receiving the degree of A. B., and three years later, A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Lit- erary Society. He graduated from the law department of LEMUEL McKendree ' s oldest 1 the University of Cincinnati in 1861, receiving the degree of LL. B. He practiced law many years in Nashville, was master in chancery of Washington County for several terms, having been appointed by Judge Silas L. Bryan, was mayor of Nashville for three terms, and county judge of Washington County from 1872 to 1876. He was a Repub- lican in politics. He was married in 1863, to Miss Marietta Cone, of Nashville. Two of their children are now living. Dr. Ralph A. Goodner, now practicing the medical profession in Nashville, and Mrs. Genevieve Allen, of Chicago. Judge Goodner died at Nashville, March 16, 1888. CHARLES M. HANDSAKER Charles M. Handsaker was born at Broughton, Derby- shire, England, Sep tember 29, 1836. He came to this coun- try in early life and showed an ambition to secure an edu- cation. He entered McKendree in 1855 and joined the Platonian Society. He graduated in the class of 1859, receiving the degree of A. B. He was employed for some years as a civil engineer for the Wabash railroad. His death occurred at Mt. Vernon, Illinois, October 7, 1878. WILLIAM HARTZELL William Hartzell was born in Stark County, Ohio, February 20, 1837. He was of Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry. He came to Illinois very early in life and in 1855, became a student in McKen- dree College, from which institution he graduated in 1859, receiving the de- gree of A. B., and later, A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Literary So- ciety. Until 1862, he was engaged in mer- cantile business at Evansville and Ches. ter; he then began the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1864. He located at Chester for the practice of law. In 1874, he was elected to the forty- fourth Congress of the United States, and two years later was reelected to the forty- fifth. In 1897, he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court. He was married March i, 1866, to Miss Mary Isabella Holmes, of Chester. To them were born two children — Joseph H., now of Kansas City, and Mabel A., now Mrs. J. M. Randolph, of Chester. He was a member of the Masonic Fraternity. He died August 14, 1903. DR. JOSEPH KEENEY Joseph Keeney was born June 22, 1822. He received his college education at Williams College, Massachusetts, where One Hundred and Eighty-Two MC KENDREE he received the degree of A. B. He then took a medical course and came west to engage in the practice of medicine. He was located in Lebanon for some years and in 1859, re- ceived the degree of A. M. from McKendree College. He married Miss Helen Finley, whose father was for a time professor of Greek in McKendree, and for several years its president. They had one son, who afterwards became a surgeon in the United States Navy. At the opening of the Civil War, Dr. Keeney enlisted in the army and was present in the battle of Shiloh. He contracted a disease which com ' pelled his retirement from the service and caused his death July 7, 1862, at his home in Lebanon. He lies buried in College Hill Cemetery. A memorial window in his honor has been placed in the present Methodist church of Lebanon. MONROE J. MILLER Monroe Joshua Miller was born near Salisbury, North Carolina, September 19, 1830. He was a son of Theobald and Elizabeth (Knupp) Miller, the former of German and the latter of Norwegian ancestry. When he was only a small child, his mother died, and a few years later his father, with his second wife and all his family, came west and settled m Southern Illinois. In early life, he determined to secure an education, though well aware that it depended upon his own efforts. After getting what training he could from the public schools, he worked in a printing office, assisted the editor, and got what practical experience he could. In 1853, he first entered McKendree, remaining one year only. He then secured a position in a newspaper office at Berlin, Wisconsin, and the next year attended school at Lawrence University, where Dr. Cobleigh was then pres- ident. When that able educator became president of Mc Kendree, Mr. Miller returned there and graduated under Dr. Cobleigh ' s presidency in 1859, receiving the degree of A. B. and later, A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was three times president of that so- ciety and four times editor of the Plato Gem . He was licensed to preach by the Lebanon Quarterly Conference, but for a time engaged in newspaper work, and in August, 1862, he enlisted in the 117th regiment of Illinois Volunteers, where he served his country faithfully for three years, and where he contracted the disease of tuberculosis, of which he died March 18, 1866. He was married July 28, 1863, to Miss Mary Virlinda Wright, of Lebanon. To them was born one daughter, Mary Elizabeth, now Mrs. Walter H. Offill, of St. Louis. There are also five grand-children all grown and all living in St. Louis. JOHN S. NICHOLSON John S. Nicholson was born at Oldham, England, Feb. 13, 1832. His parents were Samuel and Mary Nicholson who, of course, were natives of England. He came to America in e arly life and entered McKendree in 1854. He graduated in 1859 with the degree of A. B., and afterward received that of A. M. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He was married in i860 to Miss Jemima Harris. Some years after her death, he was married to Miss Jane Buck, in 1875. He left two sons, C. B. Nicholson and E. E. Nicholson. When he was only a boy, he worked in the printing office, so after finishing his college work, he naturally went into the news- paper business. In time, he became the editor and proprietor of the Central Illinoisan, at Beardstown, Illinois, which in 1892 was consolidated with the Daily Star, which since that time has been a daily and weekly paper. He continued to be editor and publisher of this paper until the time of his death m April, 191 1. He was an active member of the Meth- odist Church, of which he was a trustee for thirty years. He also served as steward and was several times chosen as lay delegate to the conference. He held the office of Postmaster from 1904 till the time of his death. He served as presiden- tial elector, was frequently a member of the state conven- tion and has served on the Republican State Committee. THE CLASS OF 1860 JOHN M. CHAMBERLIN John McLean Chamberlin was born in Lebanon, Illinois, January 20, 1837. His parents were David and Susan Cham- berlin, who were both native Americans. The father was a local preacher in the Methodist Church and one of the founders of McKendree College. He entered McKendree as a student in the fall of 1855 and graduated in i860, re- ceiving the degree of A. B. Later he received the degree of A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Literary So- ciety. He was married November 9, 1869, to Maggie E. Royse. To them were born four sons — Willis W., John M., Jr., C. Earl, ' and E. Clinton. They were all educated at Mc- Kendree College, and all graduated except one. Mr. Chamber- lin spent the greater portion of his active life in the mercantile world, being for many years a member ' of one of the leading business firms of Lebanon, Illinois, engaged in general mer- chandise. He was a memberof the Masonic Order, and of the Methodist Church. He was for many years an active worker in the Sunday School, and a very efficient Sunday School Superintendent. He was for more than fifty years a trustee of McKendree. He was at one time president of the board, and served for many years as a member of the executive committee. One Hundred and Eig(it -Tliree He was for twenty-two years treasurer of the college, and for a long period one of the commissioners of the endowment fund. He also served the interests of his home city for some years as president of the board of education, and as a mem- ber of the city council. He died in Lebanon .it the home of his son, C. E. Chamberhn, June ij, 1919. JOHN H. ECKERT John Hardin Eckert was born near Waterloo, Monroe County, Illinois, August 13, 1838, and died June 3, 1899, at Arkansas City, Kansas. He was a son of John and Arah (Williams) Eckert, who were both Americans, though the former was of German descent. He became a student in McKendree in 1856 and graduated in June, i860, receiv- ing the degree of B. S. Later he took a law course and re- ceived from McKendree the degree of LL. B., in 1877. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married November 29, 1861, to Frances Henryetta Sager. Their three children were lona May, Harry, and Fannie Arah. Mr. Eckert engaged in the mercantile business for some years after his graduation. Before, and for some years after, his admission to the bar he was postmaster of Lebanon under Republican administration. In politics, he was an ardent Republican all his life. In 1884, he moved to Arkansas City, Kansas, and entered upon the practice of law. A short time after, he became city attorney of Arkansas City and later filled other offices which were within the gift of the people. He also took an active interest in newspaper work. In 1893, he moved to a farm in Kay County, Oklahoma, where his last years were spent in a quiet but useful life in the country. He was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. While not a member of any religious denom- ination, he was a close sympathizer with the Methodists. He was a devoted student of the Bible and a constant reader of religious literature. He was interested in every good work and was always anxious to promote the welfare of his fellow men. He was held in highest esteem by all his friends and acquaintances. WILLIAM H. HYPES William Henry Hypes was born at Lebanon, Illinois, No- vember 17, 1839, and died in his native city April 31, 1887. He was a son of Benjamin and Caroline (Murray) Hypes. His father was a native of Virginia, of German and Eng- lish ancestry, and his mother was born in Baltimore, Mary- land, of Scotch-Irish parentage. He took the classical course in McKendree and graduated in i86o, receiving the degree of A. B., and A. M. in 1863. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was engaged in mercantile business for a number of years. In 1874, he was appointed United States Revenue Collector for the thirteenth district and held this position for eight years. He was married De- cember 20, 1877, to Miss Emehne L. Allyn, daughter of Dr. Robert Allyn, who was formerly president of McKen- dree, but at the time of his daughter ' s marriage, president of the Southern Illinois Normal at Carbondale. Of this mar- riage was born one daughter, Cornelia Allyn Hypes, who IS now the wife of Charles B. Whittlesey, a lawyer of New London, Connecticut. Mr. Hypes resided in Lebanon during his entire lifetime, and was a staunch and loyal friend of McKendree to the day of his death. He was a worthy son of his father, who was one of McKendree ' s earliest and best friends. CAPT. JOSEPH TABOR PARKER Joseph Tabor Parker was born September 22, 1838, in St. Louis, Missouri. When quite young he attended a Ger- man school where he learned to read and speak that lan- guage fluently. Then his father moved with his family to the city of New Orleans. Here he attended an academy for some time. At this place, his father died and the family moved to New Albany, Indiana. From here, they moved to Leb- anon, Ilhnois, in 1854, and in the fall of that year, young Joseph became a student in McKendree. He graduated in i860, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was a skillful musician, and composed several pieces of music which were published. He also wrote several poems which were set to music. He wrote numerous articles for various literary periodicals, and in addition to his other accomplishments, he had a taste for art and excelled in drawing. In recognition of his attain- ments in literature and the fine arts, he was elected an hon- orary member of the Belles L ettres Society of the Illinois Conference Female Seminary. In May, 1861, he became a soldier in the Union army, and as a member of Colonel F. P. Blair ' s regiment, was present at the capture of Camp Jackson. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the 117th Illinois regiment under Col. Moore. June 8, 1863, he was commissioned as a captain in Col. Kappner ' s regiment of heavy artillery (col- ored), raised at Memphis, Tennessee. He died at Memphis, October 17, 1863, of typhoid fever. COL. EBENEZER TOPPING Ebenezer Hibbard Topping was born in Athens, Coun- ty, Ohio, December 19, 1830. In 1841, he came with his parents to Perry County, Illinois. In 1850, he went to Cal- ifornia, where he was engaged for several years in mining. Returning in 1856, he became a student in McKendree, and One Hundred and BghtyFour graduated in i860, receiving the degree of A. B., and later that of A. M. In 1862, he enhsted m the United States army and was made captain of a company in the iioth regiment of Ilhnois Volunteers. Later he was promoted to be lieu- tenant-colonel, and in 1863, was placed m command of the regiment. His command entered the field at Louisville, Ken- tucky m 1862, and participated m the marches and battles of the army of the Cumberland m its campaigns through Kentucky and Tennessee. He was with Sherman at Atlanta on the famous March to the Sea. He was mustered out at Washington after the grand review, June 8, 1865. He was married in 1863, to a daughter of J. R. Watkins. After the war, he settled on a farm in Kansas. In 1869, he was elected to the Kansas Legislature, and in 1870, became a member of the State Senate, and was re-elected the next year. In 1877, he was appointed by the Secretary of the Interior, Hon. Carl Schurz, to appraise Cherokee lands in the Indian Territory. While in McKendree, he was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. His death occurred late in the century. THE CLASS OF 1S61 REV. JAMES F. CORRINGTON James Fletcher Cornngton was born at Greenfield, Illi- nois, February 21, 1840, and died at Chautauqua, Jersey County, Illinois, September 5, 1907. He was a son of Rev. James B. Corrington and Rhoda B. Larimore, who were both natives of Kentucky. He graduated from McKendree in the class of 1861, receiving the degree of A. B. Later he received the following degrees from the same institu- tion: A. M. in 1864, D. D. in 1896, and Ph. D. in 1890. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was married July 3, 1867, to Miss Juliet A. Hamlin, of Salem, Illinois. Their only daughter is now Mrs. Joanna Corrington Leverett. He was a soldier in the Civil War, enlisting m 1862, in the 122nd Illinois Volunteers, as a private. He after- ward served as quartermaster, and still later was promoted to the rank of captain. After the war, he engaged in mer- cantile business for a year in Alton, Illinois. He then became professor in the Military Academy at Lexington, Missouri. Then after serving as principal of the Lexington High School for a time, he was elected County Superintendent of Schools, and held this position four years. Then in 1873, he entered the ministry and became a member of the St. Louis Confer- ence of the M. E. Church. He was a member of the Masonic Order, and of the Grand Army of the Republic, being con- nected with the Ransom Post of St. Louis. During his min- isterial career, he was pastor of the following charges in the St. Louis Conference: Dresden, Independence, and Butler, two years each; in the city of St. Louis, he was pastor of St. Luke ' s twice and of Bowman twice, and of Tower Grove church; he was presiding elder of the St. Louis District from 1885 to 1889, and secretary of the Twentieth Century Fund, 1900 to 1902. After th.it, he took a supernumerary relation and retired from active work. WILLIAM P. HAISLEY William Penn Haisley was born in Wayne County, Indi- ana, December 21, 1831, and died in the year 1906. His parents were Quakers who lived in North Carolina until just prior to his birth, they moved west, stopping in Indiana for a few years where they could be associated with more of the Society of Friends than in their former home. Some years later they moved into the vicinity of Jacksonville, lUinois, where his boyhood was spent. He graduated from McKen- dree in the class of 1861. He then took a law course at Har- vard University and received the degree of LL. B. from that institution. While m McKendree, he was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was an intelligent and persistent traveller, and spent ten years of his life in travelling for the purpose of securing information. In 1868, he visited Florida, and being pleased with the country, eventually set- tled there, making his home at Ocala. In 1877, he was elected Superintendent of Public Instruction for the state of Florida. In 1878, he was married to Miss Julia Simmons of Lewes, Delaware, who, as his widow, still survives. LUCIUS MARCUS OLDEN Lucius Marcus Olden was born at Montpelier, Vermont, March 4, 1832. While he was a small boy, his parents came west and located at Alton, Illinois. He entered Mc- Kendree at the same time with his older brother William, m March, 1852, but did not pursue the course regularly. He finished the law course, receiving the degree of LL. B. in 1861, and the classical course in 1863, when he received the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. For some years after gradua- tion, he taught school and practiced law. He then travelled extensively through the west, finally stopping at Prescott, Arizona. Here for many years, he engaged m mining, fighting Indians, and leading the life of a typical frontiersman. His death occurred February 2, 1905, when he fell over a preci- pice while going down a mountain from his mill, and was instantly killed. He was never married. WILLIAM W. LEMMON William Washington Lemmon, a native of Bond County, Illinois, entered McKendree in 1858 and graduated in June, One Hundred and Eiglit-v i86i, receiving the degrees of B. S. and LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He stood at the head of his class, receiving the first honors. Immedi- ately after his graduation, he enlisted in the United States army as sergeant major of the Eighteenth regiment of Illi- nois Volunteer Infantry. After serving in this capacity only a short time, he died August 7, 1861. He was a young man of great promise, and evidently had a successful career be- fore him which was cut off by his early death. MAJOR WILLIAM P. OLDEN William Pomeroy Olden was born in Montpelier, Ver- mont, January 5, 1831. He first entered McKendree in 1852, but owing to interruptions in his course he did not grad- uate till 1861, when he fin- ished both the law and the classical courses, and receiv- ed the degrees of A. B. and LL. B., both at the same time. He was a member of the first law class which graduated fromMcKendree. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. After his graduation, he WILLIAM OLDEN taught school one year at Moro, Illinois, and in the summer of 1 862, he raised a company of soldiers of which he was chosen captain, and which became Company D of the 117th Illinois Volunteers, of which Professor R. M. Moore was colonel. Benjamin F. Olden, a younger brother of William P. was lieutenant of the same company. Before the close of the war. Captain Olden became major of the regiment. After the war, he began the practice of law in Springfield, Illinois, where he spent the remainder of his life. Aside from his law business, he was the author of a number of inventions, on which he secured patents. He was married January 5, 1872, to Mary Q. Staley. Their children are William Q., born in 1873, Mary E., born in 1875, and Ulysses S., born in 1879. His death occurred March 3, 1904. SAMUEL BALDWIN RILEY Samuel Baldwin Riley received the degree of LL. B. as a member of the class of 1861. We have no recent informa- tion concerning him. THE CLASS OF 1862 CAPT. HENRY A. CASTLE Henry Anson Castle was born at Columbus, Adams County, Illinois, August 22, 1841. His parents, Timothy HENERY CASTLE H. and Julia (Boyd) Castle, were natives of Vermont. His four great-grandfathers were soldiers in the Revo- lutionary War. After attend- ing the public schools, he entered Quincy College in 1859, pursuing the classical course, but in 1861, he trans- ferred toMcKendree,chang- ed to the scientific course, and graduated in the class of 1862, receiving the degree of B. S. Three years later, he received the degree of M. S., and in 1882, the honorary degree of Master of Arts. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society and editor of the Plato Gem. He has frequently been invited to deliver addresses before various organizations in the college, on com- mencement and other occasions. In 1912, five members of this class were still living. Castle, Marshall, Young, Harris and Cobleigh. The first three mentioned attended the com- mencement exercises in commemoration of the fiftieth anni- versary of their graduation. In August, 1862, Mr. Castle entered the Union army as a private, and at the close of the war, was mustered out as captain of a company m the i J7th Illinois Volunteers. After the war, he studied law, and prac- ticed that profession in Illinois and Minnesota. In St. Paul, he engaged in editorial work, and afterward became owner of the St. Paul Dispatch, one of the leading papers of that city. He served the public as a member of the Legislature of Minnesota, postmaster of St. Paul, and auditor of the Post Office Department at Washington, D. C. He has written for many of the leading magazines, among them the North Amer- ican Review, Harpers, Saturday Evening Post, World ' s Work, McClure ' s and Collier ' s Weekly. He is author of The Army Mule and Other Sketches. He was married April 18, 1865, to Miss Margaret W. Jaquess, of Quincy. To them were born three sons and four daughters. The oldest son, Charles W., is now a captain in the U. S. A. The other sons died after reaching manhood. Of the daughters, Mar- garet married Captain E. R. Stone, of the U. S. A. Anna married Fred C. Christy, of Phoenix, Arizona, while Helen S. and Mary J. resided with their father in St. Paul until his de.ith August 16, 1916. NELSON S. COBLEIGH Nelson Simmons Cobleigh was born June 29, 1845, at Wilbniham, Massachusetts. He was a son of the Rev. Nel ' Otic Hundred and Eiglil -Si. ' |mc KENDREE s: .. . son E. Cobleigh, D. D., LL. D., a native of New Hamp- shire, and Charlotte M. (Simmons) Cobleigh, a native of Massachusetts. He entered McKendree in 1858 and grad- uated as valedictorian of the class in 1862, receiving the degree of A. B., and in 1865 the degree of A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. At the time of his graduation, his father, the Rev. Doctor Cobleigh, was president of McKendree. He took a University course in Harvard in 1863-64. He received the degree of Master of Arts from Yale in 1865, and the same degree from the Wes- leyan University in 1866. He graduated from the Dio Lewis Normal Institute of Physical Education in 1864. He was married to Miss Martha A. Rice in Boston, June 29, 1869. Of their five children, only one son and one daughter, Rice and Nellie S., are still living. After entering upon his career of newspaper work, Mr. Cobleigh held the following posi- tions: Reporter for the Boston Daily Advocate and Bos ' ton Traveller, Assistant Editor of Zion ' s Herald, Boston- City Editor of the Cleveland Daily Leader, City Editor and Associate Editor of the Cleveland Plamdealer. He was on the staff of the New York World from 1890, to his death and was Foreign Editor of this paper since 1893. He spent the year 1867 chiefly in travel and study in Europe. For two years he was a member of the City Council of the city of Cleveland, and served as Vice-President of that body. He was an honorary member of the Cleveland Light Artillery. He was also a member of each of the following learned societies and fraternal orders: American Institute of Instruction, Na- tional Geographical Society, Order of Elks, Eclectic Frater- nity, Wesleyan University Chapter, and the Ohio Society of New York. He died at his home in White Plains, New York, March 4, 1927. JOSEPH HARRIS Joseph Harris was born in Truro, Cornwall, England, December 25, 1830, and died at Los Angeles, California, De- cember 15, 1912. He came to America at the age of nine with his parents, who settled in Kentucky, but soon after moved to Cass County, Illinois, where he grew to manhood. He studied law for a time in Springfield, but abandoned it to enter the ministry, and joined the Illinois Conference in 1859. He then entered McKendree and graduated in 1862, with the degree of A. B., and in 1865 received the degree of A. M. He preached a number of years in the Southern Illinois Conference, and from 1879 to 1886, occupied the chair of Mathematics in McKendree College. After two years in the supernumerary relation, he transferred to the St. Louis Conference. Among the charges he served in this conference were Trinity and St. Luke ' s, and his last work was assistant pastor of Union Church, all in the city of St. Louis. In 1896, he took the superannuate relation and for the last fifteen years of his life he and Mrs. Harris made their home with their daughter and son-in-law. Rev. and Mrs. Arthur Page Sharp, in Massachusetts. They were en- joying an extended visit in Los Angeles, when he was called to his final reward. He was one of the five members of his class who lived to see the fiftieth anniversary of their grad- uation, though he was unable to attend the reunion in r9i2. JOHN S. FITZGERRELL John Stanton Fitsgerrell was born in Jefferson Coun- ty, lUinois, March i, 1841. He was a son of James J. and Martha Ann (Martin) Fitzgerrell, who were both of Irish ancestry. He be- came a student in McKen- dree in the fall of 1858, and graduated in 1862, receiving at the same time the two de- grees, B. S. and LL. B. He was a member of the Philo- sophian Literary Society. He was married November 25, 1862, to Miss Mary C. Moore, a daughter of Capt. Jon- athan and Ehzabeth Moore, of St. Clair County, Illinois. To them was born one son, John Stanton Fitzgerrell, Jr., who was educated in McKendree, and who, after a career in the practice of law in Bowling Green, Missouri, died in the early part of this century, due to heart failure. Soon after his graduation, Mr. Fitzgerrell entered upon the practice of law at Benton, Illinois, in partnership with F. M. Youngblood, later known as Judge Youngblood. His promising career was cut short by his death August 11, 1863. He was a member of the Methodist Church. His widow moved to Lebanon where she might educate her son at McKendree, and still resides in this city (1928). JOHN N. GWIN John Newton Gwin was born in Crawford County, lUi- nois, February 26, 1837. He became a student in Asbury University (now De Pauw), but later came to McKendree, in 1857. In 1861, he left his studies and entered the United States army as a volunteer soldier. After serving five months he was discharged on account of sickness. As soon as he was able, he resumed his college work, and graduated in the class of 1862, receiving the degree of A. B., and later. JOHN FITZGERRELL f r ' ' % f j)j;(;R!ei;s CONFERRED. M)in us ton K s -1 Reduced facsimile of cc ■Mt that of A. M. He was a member of the Philosophian Lit- erary Society. He studied law in the Cincinnati Law School, and received the degree of LL. B. from that institution in 1866. He made the practice of law his vocation. He died at Hot Springs, Arkansas, October jo, 1895. BOONE GRIFFIN Boone Griffin was born near Belleville, Illinois, July 27, 1842. He was a son of Joseph and Sally Ann (Collins) Griffin, who were both natives of New York State. He en- tered McKendree in the late fifties and had completed the greater part of his college course before the beginning of the Civil War. In 1861, he, with some of his fellow students, went to Jefferson Barracks and enlisted in a Missouri Reg- iment for ninety days. When this period of service was ended, he decided to return to college. He was a member of the graduating class of 1862, but in the spring of that year, his health failed completely and he died at his home near Belle- ville, May 4, 1862. When the Board of Trustees assembled a month later, as a fitting memorial, it was voted that he should be honored with the degree of Bachelor of Science, and that his name should stand in the list of alumni of Mc Kendree College. DR. JAMES H LOWE James Henry Lowe was born near Summerfield, St. Clair County, Illinois, November 30, 1841, and died at his home in Kewanee, Illinois, April 20, iSgj. He was the oldest often children, and the first of these to pass from e.irth. While only a boy, he entered McKendree and graduated with the class of 1862, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He studied law, but later he entered the Chicago Medical College of the city of Chi- cago, from which he received the degree of M. D. in 1873. He at once began the practice of medicine at Brimfield, Illi- nois, where he was married January 14, 1874, to Miss Au- gusta Sutton, who with four children, survived him. In 1882, he moved from Brimfield to Kewanee, where he practiced his profession successfully until the time of his death. He became a Christian at the early age of nine years, and was an earnest and faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. At the time of his death, he had been for several years president of the Board of Trustees of his church. An extract from his obituary says, He will be greatly missed in the homes of Kewanee, where he ministered to the phys- ical needs; in the church, where he was so faithful; and in the temperance cause, where he was such a zealous worker. His life was full of useful work; his influence always right. DR. JAMES EDWIN MARSHALL James Edwin Marshall was born near FayetteviUe, St. Clair County, Illinois, May 22, 1842. His father, Edward B. Marshall, was born in Dorchester County, Maryland, in 1814, and his mother, Harriet (Barker) Marshall, in Ran- dolph County, Illinois, in 1821. He entered McKendree in January, 1858 and graduated in June, 1862, receiving the degree of A. B. June 19, 1862, and five years later, in 1867, the A. M. degree. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He studied in the St. Louis Medical College and re- ceived the degree of M. D. in March, 1864. He practiced med- icine and conducted a drug store at Centralia, 111. until i88j, when he became cashier of a banking firm and continued in this position until 1900, when the business was merged with a State bank. He was also for twelve years treasurer of the Centralia Building and Loan Association. He also served as president of the Board of Education in the same city. In 1900, he moved to Chicago, and in 1905 to Evanston, where he died in 1926. For seven years he served as director in a wholesale grocery company in Evanston. He was married November 11, 1869, to Miss Catherine McKnight at Cen- tralia. Their children are Miss Zella Marshall, Mrs. Roy H. Goddard, and Mrs. Claude R. Ailing, all born at Cen- tralia and now residents of Evanston and Chicago. Dr. Marshall saw service in the Civil War in a hospital on the Mississippi River, and for a time was assistant surgeon in the tenth Missouri Cavalry. He is a member of Centralia Lodge No. 201, A. F. ? A. M., and for twenty-one years One Hundred and EigKtv-Eiglil i Sl ll ss ss MKENDREE COLLEGK. :fSJ ' : ' REVERENDO NELSONI E. COBLEIGH. I). D. PR. .SIDI. P.lOFESSOIilDUS. I )FESSO 1VLES1TAT1S McKlNDUl.l; HoNOKA.NDlS; Ejt ' SL ; HoNOKANDls VTQUE III VERKNDIS; O.MMBUS UE LlTEHAin ' M FaUIORIDIS, IMPRIMIS iiujrs AcAiiiM.ix I ' ATKONis: Nos, GRAUUM Ba , LEM HECI : L ' R I , IIenricus Anson Castle, Nri.sox Simmons CoDLEuai, JoilANNrS SlANTON FiTZf. ERR ELL, Boon GnniEN, Johannes Newton Gwin, JosEi ' iius Harris, Jacodvjs Henrici. ' s Lowe, •Iacouus Edvinus Marshall, Daniel Whittenberi; Phillips, RoBERTUs Allen Queen, GuLIELMt ' S WaLLIS, Peachy Taliaferro Wilson, GuLiELMus Albion Young, verecunde ihdicamus. Facsimile ot an old commencement progra served as recorder, two years as eminent Commander, and treasurer for five years of the Cyrene Commandery, No. 23 Knight Templars. He attended the triennial encampment of Knight Templars at Baltimore in 1871, and at Denver in 1892. He has been a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen for about thirty years. He is a member of the First Methodist Church at Evanston. He is a Repub- lican in politics, has voted for president twelve times, and ten times for the candidate elected. He has voted twelve times for governor of Illinois, and helped to elect eleven governors. He was present in two National Republican Con- ventions in Chicago, m the years 1904 and 1908. He attended One Uundred and £ightv-. i DR. PHILLIPS President of McKendree in i8 three World ' s Fairs — in Philadelphia, Chicago and St. Louis. He was one of the three members of his class who attended the reunion in 191 2 on the 50th anniversary of their graduation. DANIEL WHITTENBURG PHILLIPS Daniel Whittenburg Phillips was born in Washington County, Illinois, August 15, 18 j8. He was the youngest of the nine children of John and Sally (Whittenburg) Phillips, whocame from East Tennessee to Illinois in the same year that it became a state and settled in what was afterward known as the Beaucoup neighborhood, in 1818. He was reared in a re- ligious home, converted at sixteen, became a student in McKendree College at eigh- teen, and graduated in the class of 1862, with the de- gree of A. B. Three years later he received the degree of A. M., and in 1883, was honored with the degree of D. D. He entered the ministry as a local preacher and in that capacity did much preaching, and served as supply pastor in several charges. He joined the Southern Illinois Conference in 1868 and was a mem- ber of this body until transferred to the Southwest Kan- sas Conference in 1884, where his membership remained until his death in Winfield, Kansas, September 2, 191 1. In the former conference, he was pastor at Mound City, Nash- ville, Mt. Vernon and Jerseyville. For two years he was president of the Illinois Agricultural College, located at Irvington. For four years, 1879-83, he was president of McKendree College, his own alma mater. During his incum- bency, a long standing debt of $7500 was paid, improvements made on the buildings, and the departments of Music, Busi- ness and Elocution were organized. In Kansas, he was pastor at Arkansas City, Wichita, Eldorado and Medicine Lodge. He was one of the founders of the Southwestern College at Winfield, Kansas. He served for ten years as the president of its Board of Trustees, and for one year was vice-president and professor in the college. After his retirement from active work in 1900, he spent the closing years of his life at Winfield, in close touch with this college, where his son. Prof. J. F. Phillips, is a member of the faculty. Dr. Phillips was first married m 1863, to Mary Ann Curlee, who died five years later, leaving one daughter, Eva May, now Mrs. Snyder, of St. Louis. In 1869, he was married to Susan E. Vasey, of Richview, Illinois, who now survives him. To them were born five sons, William L., George A., John F., Walter E., and Robert E. These are all now living except the second, who died in childhood. WILLIAM WALLIS William Wallis was born in Parsington, King ' s County, Ireland, June 5, 1836. His father ' s ancestors went to Ire- land from England in the army of William the Third and fought m the battle of Boyne. His mother ' s ancestors went to Ire- land with Cromwell ' s army and settled there. He was there- fore of Puritan blood. He came to America with his parents in 1839. His father died a year later. He was reared on a farm, joined the Methodist Church at fifteen, learned the tanner ' s trade, taught school, and thus earned the money to go to college. He entered McKendree in 1856 and graduated in 1862 with the degree of A. B. Three years later, he received the degree of A. M., and in 1900, that of D. D. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. August 13, 1862, he enlisted in Company C, 117th Illinois Volunteers. He was elected Second Lieutenant, afterward promoted to first lieutenant, and then to assistant adju- tant. He was mustered out of the service in August, 1865, and the following October, was admitted on trial to the Southern Illinois Conference. His appointments were as fol- lows: 1865, Mascoutah; 1866, professor in Southern lUinois Female College at Salem; 1867-68, East St. Louis; 1869-70, Collinsville; 1871-73, Brighton; 1874, EdwardsviUe; 1875, Piasa and Fidelity; 1876-77, Effingham; 1878-79, Centralia; 1880, Olney; 1881-82, Carlyle; 1883-84, Ashley and Rich- view; 1885-90, presiding elder Mt. Vernon District; 1891-92, Carbondale; 1893-98, presiding elder Olney District; 1899, Effingham. Failing health compelled him to retire from active work, and he moved with his family to Lebanon. His death occurred March 15, 1901. He was buried in College Hill Cemetery. He was married September 8, 1868, to Miss Eva Hain, of Salem, Illinois. Their five children are William, Mary, Marshall, Robert and Edward. They all received a college education, and the last two are graduates of Mc- Kendree. Dr. Wallis was for many years a trustee of Mc- Kendree College, and was a delegate to the General Confer- ence of 1896. PEACHY TALIAFERO WILSON Peachy Taliafero Wilson was born in Christian County, Kentucky, October 26, 1832. In 1833, he came with his parents to Adams County, Illinois. He became a student in McKendree in February, 1856. After several years at One Hundred and H IfMC KENDREE McKendree, he went to Garrett Biblical Institute and grad- uated there in 1861. The next year he finished the course at McKendree and received the degree of A. B. He was a mem- ber of the Platonian Literary Society. In the fall of 1862, he sailed for India as a missionary, under the direction of the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was married at Calcutta, November iq, 186:,, to Miss Mary J. Whitcomb. To them were born five children. While Mr. Wilson was home on a furlough with his family m 1874, his wife died m Adams County, Illinois. He was married twice afterward, the third wife surviving him. His death occurred at Sitapur, India, February 13, 1898. He gave thirty-hve years of faithful service to the cause of Christianity as a Methodist Missionary. WILLIAM ALBION YOUNG William Albion Young was born in Montgomery Coun ' ty, Illinois, August 20, 1836. His parents, William and Jane Young, were both native Americans. He entered McKen- dree as a student in April, i8 ' ;7, and graduated with the B. S. degree in 1862. He was a member of the Platonian Lit erary Society. During the Civil War, he was quartermaster of the first regiment of Illinois Cavalry. During the years 1864-66, he was sheriff of Montgomery County. He served twelve years as a member of the State Board of Agriculture. He was for many years engaged in farming and fruit growing at his home at Butler, lUinois. He was a member of the Luth- eran Church, and of the Royal Arch Chapter of the Masonic Order. He was one of the three surviving members of the class of 1862 who attended a reunion at McKendree in 1912 in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of their grad- uation. He was married m 1866, to Mary E. Ware. She died in 1870, leaving two sons, who both became physicians, Anthony, of St. Louis, and William Albion, Jr., of Spring- field, 111. In 1871, Mr. Young was married again, to Sarah Muenscher, of Mt. Vernon, Ohio. She died in 1898, leaving four children : Cornelia, who became a Red Cross worker in Russia, Frederica and Eunice, both of Chicago, and Charles, who was killed in a railroad accident after he was grown. In August, 1899, Mr. Young was married a third time, to Mrs. Emma J. Whiting, of Kansas City, who survived him. One who knew him well, said this of him, He was a man of ex- ceptional abihty, a deep reader and thinker, and a born leader. He would have stood high in almost any field of endeavor, but he loved the trees and flowers and fruits on his farm so much that he was content to spend his life caring for them. His country home was one of the most deHghtful spots in all the region. He died April 3, 1922. ROBERT ALEXANDER QUEEN Robert Alexander Queen graduated in law with this class. THE CLASS OF 1863 JOHN ELAM John Elam was born m Fayette County, Illinois, Febru- ary 22, 1839. He was a son of Rev. William and Mary Elam, the father being a minister of the Dunkard Church and a native of Virginia, while his mother came from Tennessee. He entered McKendree in 1861 and became a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He graduated from the law de- partment in 1863, receiving the degree of LL. B. He began the practice of law in Vandalia and soon became the partner of Judge Tevis Greathouse, and continued in this partnership until his death, which occurred August 22, 1875. He left a wife, a son, William, and a daughter. Fern. The son was drowned in the Kaskaskia River in 1901. WILLIAM HENRY KROME William Henry Krome was born July i, 1841. He grad- uated from McKendree m the class of 1863, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of Plato. Later he took a law course in the University of Michigan and received the degree of LL. B. He began the practice of his profession in the city of Edwardsville, where he spent the remainder of his life. He has served as mayor of his home city and as a member of the Illinois State Senate. In 1890, he was elected county judge of Madison County. In 1894, he was a lecturer in the McKeiv dree Law School. In addition to his different lines of legal work, he was for a large part of his life engaged in the banking business. For many years he was president of the Bank of Edwardsville. His death occurred March 7, 1917. WILLIAM CHRISTIAN William Christian, of Tamaroa, graduated in this class, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws. We have no record of his subsequent career. MCKE jmEE COLLEGE. CERTIFICATE OF CONATION TO THE i;iSJ WMEii TeifSJf -2r, ' j,„ „ v, ««  . . . - i ; j1, ;,,J .- .,w i?i,,, . , y„,,.,. Reduced facsimile of an endowment certificate dated August 7th, 1863 CHAPTER XVI. McKendree and the Wars fficKENDREE ' s alumni list begins m 1841 and up to the days of the Mexican War she had but few students. The most of these were singled out for leadership in civil lines, but there were a few McKendree men who participated in that early war. Among them were William R. Morrison, who was a captain in the Mexican, and a colonel in the Civil War; the two brothers, William H. and Frederick A. Snyder, the former a first lieutenant of the Fifth Illinois, and the other a second lieutenant in the Six- teenth U. S. A. regiment. These were both members of the class of 1843. In the list of privates there were Samuel Kinney Thomas, class of 1848; Joseph H. Tam, one of the founders of Philo; and Michael Mummert, one of the founders of Plato and the first teacher of German in McKendree. Doubt- less there were others if we had a complete list. At the beginning of the Civil War there were in the college in all Its departments, including the faculty, less than two hun- dred men. The Union Army, outside of the regulars, was recruited by a call for volunteers. The draft came later, and then it was a selective draft and not a conscription of all sound men between certain ages. So probably not a single one of the college group went except voluntarily. Also there were some new students each year of the war, and by these means the college work was kept going in spite of the large number who entered the army. At this time it is not possible to determine exactly how many McKendreans were in the war, but we have a record of at least thirty officers, and it seems likely that altogether there were not less than a hun- dred and fifty who were in the army and also students in McKendree either before or after their war service. As evi- dence of the patriotic principles employed in the administra- tion of the institution, and also as indication that there may have been some students who were not strictly loyal to the union, we find the following resolution in the records of the Board : Students shall not be allowed to utter disloyal senti- ments against the government of the United States or make disloyal demonstrations in any other way, by displaying signs or badges indicative of disloyalty; and should any student continue to do so after suitable admonition, he may be ex- pelled or otherwise punished at the discretion of the faculty. The class of 1862 graduated in June of that year, twelve in number. We do not have at hand the titles of their orations, but there is a tradition that they reflected the patriotic sen- timent of the day and advocated the duty of citiiens to engage in righteous warfare when their country needed their service. The war clouds were hanging low upon the horizon, and there was much discouragement in many quarters over the outlook for the success of the war. It was that summer that Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, though it did not go into effect until the following January. It so happened that before college opened in the fall of 1863, at least two members of that class and two members of the faculty were officers in the Union Army. In September the 117th Regiment of Illinois Volunteers was organized with Professor Risdon M. Moore as colonel and Professor Samuel H. Deneen as adjutant. This was called the McKendree Regiment because the majority of the McKendree soldiers were in that regiment. Henry C. Fike, of the class of 1852, gives a list of the officers of this regiment who were grad- uates or sometime students in McKendree. Colonel Risdon M. Moore, Quartermaster Henry C. Fike, Adjutant Samuel H. Deneen, Lieutenant Daniel Kerr, Sergeant Joseph T. Parker, Major William P. Olden, Lieutenant Benjamin F. Olden, Lieutenant William Wallis, Lieutenant James M. Truitt, Sergeant William P. Eaton, Captain Robert A. Hal- bert. Lieut.-Colonel Jonathan Merriam, Captain W. R. Whittaker, Sergeant Monroe J. Miller, Lieutenant David H. Wilderman, and of course a much larger number in the rank of private. In other branches of the army were General Jesse H. Moore, General James H. Wilson, General Wesley Merritt, General Lucian Greathouse, Colonel William R. Morrison, Captain William Herbert Copp, Captain Henry A. Castle, Major Bluford Wilson, and of course it is not claimed that this list is complete. After a few weeks of training, the 1 17th left Camp Butler November 11, 1862 and did service at various points in the war zone as far south as Vicksburg. In its three years service the regiment was engaged in six battles and thirteen skir- mishes. It marched 2J07 miles, traveled 6191 miles by water, and 778 miles by rail. A number of soldier boys came to McKendree after the war was over, in the fall of 1865, real- izing that with the handicap of maimed bodies, it was more necessary to have trained minds in order to succeed in the world ' s great struggle for the means of livelihood or for suc- cess in a business or profession. At one time there were three ex-soldiers reciting in McKendree classes, who had only one arm each; having lost the other in southern battlefields. This one-armed trio consisted of James B. Pinckard of Brighton, Otic Hundred and ?imety-Two c K ENDREE s g T,. James Haynes of ZanesviUe, and William F. Wilton of Huey. As an illustration of the kind of service the McKendree soldiers rendered m this great war, we quote briefly from an address delivered hy Professor Deneen at an educational convention held at Lebanon in 1884. But if our land were to derive from its colleges no greater service than the zealous devotion with which they espoused the loyal cause in the late war, the nation would be amply repaid tor all the self- sacrifice and expenditure made in their behalf. All did well, but none better in proportion to age and numbers, than our own McKen- dree. From the tiring upon Fort Sumpter to the capture of Mobile, her sons gathered around the starry banner to defend its honor or die beneath its folds. They perished from fever in hospitals; they pined away from starvation in prison pens; they found a sudden grave beneath the waters of the Tennessee ; they fell m the fiery front above the clouds at Mission Ridge. From Fort Donaldson to Appomattox there was scarcely an important engagement in which the sons of McKendree did not do battle for equal liberty and an un- divided nation. They were found in all ranks from the private soldier to the Major General; but how- ever different in rank the spirit which animated them all was the same. It was at Fort Donaldson that Colonel Morrison, the present congressman, then in charge of the Forty-ninth Illinois Volunteers, received a disabling wound. It was at Holly Springs, when that post was surprised by Van Dorn, that a cavalry officer, Isaiah Stickle, a graduate of McKendree, while others were surrendering, drew his sabre, and exhorting his comrades to follow his example, and to prefer death to a rebel prison, cut his way through the superior numbers of the encircling foe, and brought his followers in safety to the Union lines. It was near Atlanta that another son of McKendree, Colonel Lucien Greathouse, leading his regiment in a charge against the serried ranks of the enemy, fell with a fatal wound while the air was ringing with the shouts for the victory which his fiery courage had helped to win. The distinguished officer who in the latter part of the war started from Nashville with fifteen thousand cavalry THE THREE ONH-ARMED EX-SOLDIERS James Haynes, J B. Pinckard and W. F. Wilton and scattered havoc and desolation through Alabama and Georgia, defeated Forrest and destroyed his army, took Montgomery, which was for a time the capital of the Con- federacy, and feasted his troopers where the chieftains of secession had first met m council, and closed his eventful campaign by the capture of Jefferson Davis himself, was a student in McKendree. This was General James H. Wilson. Not less deserving of mention is another son of McKendree, M nor General Wesley Merritt, a cavalry officer, noted alike for impetuous valor and eminent ser- vices, prominent in campaigns in Virginia, who not very long ago was appointed Superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point. But not to dwell longer upon the achievements of officers, it was a student of McKendree, a private soldier, a mere boy, who at the battle of Nashville, rushed into the thickest of the fight, tore their colors from the hands of the enemy, bore them m triumph to Washington City, and received m person the thanks of the nations representatives. There was another McKendrean, Richard Thatcher, the son of a Meth- odist preacher of Southern Illinois, who joined the army when only fif- teen years old. His company was captured and he was taken to Salisbury prison, infamous on account of the inhuman Wirz whose fiendish life was fitly closed by a felon ' s death. There the poisonous air and the polluted water, the want of proper clothing and sufficient food, the daily suffering and the distant hope, had caused his young heart to despond and almost to des- pair of aid, either human or divine. One day while he was seeking to call away his thoughts from his own wretched condi- tion by reading the Bible, which among other losses he had contrived to retain, he was accosted by a fellow prisoner, low in stature but with a piercing eye: ' What book have you there, my friend ' The Bible, ' was the reply. ' Let me see it. The rebels got mine when they made me a prisoner. ' Taking the book he read some of the promises which have brought comfort and hope to so many of the unfortunate and suffering of earth. He then returned the volume to the young soldier saying, ' Cheer up, my brother, cheer up ! We shall yet find some means of deliverance. God has revealed One Hundred and Xmety-Th. - r g s to me that I am never to die in this rebel prison! ' The speaker was Boston Corbett, who afterwards fired the shot which put an end to the life of John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of Abraham Lincoln. The two captives resolved to hold a daily prayer meeting in the prison. Others came. The interest increased. A revival followed which resulted in many conversions Subsequently our young soldier made his escape from prison, and guided by the light of the stars and assisted by the counsels of slaves, journeying through forests and swamps, subsisting on such food and sleeping in such places as the veriest tramp would now disdain, he made his way in safety at last to the Union forces. It seems appropriate here to give an extract from Colonel Risdon M. Moore ' s account of the campaigns of the Mc- Kendree Regiment, the 117th, which was written for the McKendree Pigskin which was puHished in 1905. After enumerating the list of officers of the regiment who were McKendreans, which we have already given above, he says. A large per cent of the privates and non-commissioned officers had been college students and some were students after the war. The response to ' Father Abraham ' s ' call for ' three hundred thousand more ' was so generous that the government found it difficult to arm and equip the vast number of regiments that were in camp within one month after the call. The number of infantry regiments rose from the sixties to over one hundred and thirty in Illinois. There were no tents and few guns and mustering officers were scarce. However we left for the front November 11, 1862, almost two months after final muster, and went into camp six days later at Memphis, Tennessee. I shall always remember a dapper little staff officer, who escorted us from our steam boat to camp and began to let us know who he was by expressing regrets that his grand- father was dead. I, supposing he referred to some one re- cently killed, was slow to reply to his words of sorrow. As he kept repeating his regrets, I finally asked who his grand- father was, and was surprised to learn that he meant Pres- ident Harrison who died April 4, 1841, and .so had been dead more than twenty-one years. I thought, though I didn ' t say it, ' How blood will tell ' ' On leaving Camp Butler, we had received our guns, a Belgian rifle calibre sixty-nine. However we soon discovered that they were worthless, as after bursting a cap eight or ten times they would no longer explode one. We had these rifles inspected several times by inexperienced officers like our nice little fellow whose grandfather was dead, but no one could tell what was the matter with our guns, and they were all alike. They would fire all right a few times and then they would cease to do duty. Finally General Sherman came out and discovered the trouble in a few minutes. The defect was irreparable, the guns were useless, and we were left out of the moving column, then ready to start for Vicks- burg, overland, by way of Holly Spr ings, under General Grant in December, 1862. Being thus without arms we were placed in Fort Pickering in the lower part of Memphis. And there we were kept to man that fort with its hundred and twenty heavy guns, for nearly two years. At times, however, we were sent out on scout duty into Tennessee and Arkansas to drive out small rebel forces under Forrest and other rebel raiders. On July j, of 186 J, the regiment was sent down to Helena, Arkansas, to support General B. M. Prentiss, whose command was then severely threatened by the rebel commands of General Price and Marmaduke. Their assaults failed and the 117th took an honored part in sending them into the Arkansas woods to rest. In December thereafter, Forrest threatened Memphis, and then we went for him, as he was ravaging and pillaging West Tennessee and Northern Mississippi, until he and his com- mand hastily went for other places of safety, to annoy Mem- phis no more for eight or nine months. In January, 1864, we became a part of General A. J. Smith ' s command, in which we remained to the close of the war, participating in all his campaigns and battles, not resting between campaigns, at any time more than four or five days, and without tents at one time for more than six months. We left Vicksburg for Meridian, Mississippi, as a part of the third brigade, fought with portions of S. D. Lee ' s and Polk ' s commands, driving them rapidly back on Jackson; crossed Pearl River on the 6th, and then kept them moving, fighting almost daily until we entered Meridian, February 14, under the boom of cannon and the rattle of rifles, the 117th in the lead. There we worked eight days destroying railroads, with corn for rations for man and beast, one hun- dred and fifty miles from the Mississippi River, our base of supplies. We returned thence to Vicksburg by way of Canton, where the fighting was resumed as a business almost daily, until within a short distance from Vicksburg where we arrived March 4, having been gone twenty-nine days. In the meantime I had fallen heir to the brigade. On the eighth we took steamers for Red River, having had four days for washing and for outward and inward ;. On the eleventh, we tied up for the night at One Hundred and X ' netyFour MC KENDREE Simmesport, Louisiana, on Atchafalaya Bayou; reconnoitered the twelfth; moved out from Simmesport a few miles on the thirteenth, driving off rebel cavalry: began a forced march at four A. M. for Fort De Russey, thirty-four miles up Red River on the fourteenth, and captured it at five P. M., tho it was one of the strongest of fortifications. Abbott, in writing up the brilliant battles of the war, cites De Russey as one of them, but gives the credit to General Banks who was not within a hundred miles of it at the time, and had nothing to do with our movements until two weeks later. After the fall of De Russey, we took our boats and ran up to Alexandria, Louisiana, where we waited the arrival of Banks ' command, thus wasting ten precious days and thus giving the rebels time to concentrate or get together. We had divided or scattered them. This delay was the chief cause of Banks ' defeat later at Mansfield, April 8, and the loss of the fruits of our victories up to that date, in which we had captured several thousand prisoners and over twenty pieces of artillery at De Russey, Alexandria, and Henderson Hill. We reached Pleasant Hill battlefield April 8, while Banks ' command, parts of the thirteenth Army Corps under Ransom and the nineteenth under Franklin, were fighting at Mansfield or Sabine Crossroads. Banks, to display his army and his lack of generalship, had placed our command a day ' s march behind his rear, and besides this had cumbered us with his baggage and a part of his supply train. Hence we were fully twenty miles from the battlefield on the eighth, but hearing the boom of the cannon on the afternoon of the eighth, we abandoned all trains and hastened to the front at a quick step and met our routed forces at Pleasant Hill at dusk. Their condition gave an idea of our stampede at Bull Run. We fought the battle almost alone on the ninth and won a great victory, driving the rebels from seven to twenty-one miles. Here again Banks ' inefficiency was shown in falling back to Grand Ecore, thirty-six miles, where after four days the Confederates, discovering that we were retreating, came timidly up to us. There the second brigade, and my brigade, the third, went to the relief of our fleet and transports at a small place called Campti, fourteen miles up the river, where the Confederates under Dick Taylor had besieged Commo- dore Porter ' s fleet and our boats with our sick and wounded — about forty vessels of all kind, iron clads, tin clads, and wooden boats. We released them under orders ' not to leave the camp. ' We left again on the twentieth and fought our way to the Mississippi in battles at Cloutierville, Marksville, Alexan- dria, and vicinity, and at Yellow Bayou. The date of the last was May twentieth. This ended that disastrous cam- paign of about seventy-five days, wherein Banks showed up so badly and General A. J. Smith so brilliantly. We arrived at Vicksburg and found the river blockaded. We landed at Chico, Louisiana, and drove Marmaduke and company off, and opened the Mississippi. We landed at Memphis June tenth, to learn that Forrest had fallen upon the commands of Generals Sturgis and Grierson and cut them to pieces. A few years ago I opened a folio history of Professor Hamilton Mabie, a writer of some note, wherein he said in substance, that General Sturgis of the Federal army met General Forrest June lo, 1864, and almost annihilated him. This was a strange perversion of a sad history. Our command was hurriedly pushed out to the relief of Sturgis and Grierson. Sturgis should have been court-martialed and summarily dismissed for that disgraceful affair. After our return from relieving them, we were paid up and equipped for the work that Sturgis failed to do — whip Forrest. This we did handsomely in six pitched battles, fought July thirteenth, on the march from Pontatoc to Tupelo, Mississippi; two at Tupelo, one in the morning and one at night of the fourteenth. In this night battle the 117th did all the fighting; two on the fif- teenth, one at Tupelo and one at Crooked Creek, and then one on the sixteenth. In all of these engagements we chastised Forrest severely and gave him the only wound he received during the war. I learned this fact from Forrest himself some years after the war, in Montgomery, Alabama. After a fruitless campaign down to Oxford, Mississippi, where we burned old Jake Thompson ' s residence, while he was m Canada scheming to burn Chicago, we returned to Memphis to wash up and secure supplies. Then we started up the river for St. Louis to drive off Pap Price and his Con- federates. At St. Louis, the 117th was first rushed down to De Soto, and then back to St. Louis and out to Franklin, thirty-six miles west, to meet Joe Shelby and others in line of battle. A few shots and shells sent them away in haste. We followed them up and out to the Kansas line without another chance to try our Springfields on them. From the Kansas border we returned to St. Louis and then were hur- ried off to Nashville to aid General Thomas against the dash- ing Confederate, Hood. The 117th went into line there November 3,0, while Schofield and Hood were in a desperate struggle for the mastery at Franklin thirty miles away. Franklin was one of the bloodiest battles of the war. Hood was so severely punished there that he was in no haste to pitch in at Nashville. Thomas assumed the offensive on the One Hundred and ,neU-Fn-e riMC KENDREE .. ,..- fifteenth of December and annihilated him. It was of these battles that Lincoln told his dog story. Some critics com- plained that Thomas did not capture every man, horse and gun, in Hood ' s army. The story was that a farmer out west gave a troublesome dog a piece of fat meat with some powder and a piece of punk which had been lighted. The dog gulped the dose down, but in a few minutes there was an explosion and the late dog was scattered around in many pieces, and though all the pieces were there, they were no longer a dog. We followed the retreating forces of Hood down to the Tennessee River, capturing many thousand prisoners and about ninety pieces of artillery. So that army, like the dog, was dead. We went into camp at Eastport, Mississippi, and had the finest rest we had had for a year. Here again we had corn for rations for eight days. The soldiers took it good naturedly, saying, ' the next ration, boys, is hay. ' We left that camp for New Orleans and Mobile, February the seventh. We camped a few days at New Orleans and then took a steamer for Mobile, The George B. McClen- nan ' steaming down the Mississippi and out through the south east pass and thence to Dauphine Island at the mouth of Mobile Bay. On March twenty-sixth we took small steam- boats and ran up to Danly ' s landing on Fish River. On the twenty-seventh, by rapid march, we invested Spanish Fort, driving a small Confederate force before us. On the second of April, I invested Fort Blakely, six miles further north. On April eighth a part of our corps assaulted Spanish Fort and carried it, and on the ninth we assaulted Blakely and carried it. We found an unfolded letter written by a Colonel of an Alabama regiment to his mother in Mobile, saying: ' Dear Mother- You have or will hear of the capture of Spanish Fort by the Yankees, but I write to assure you that there are not enough Yankees in Alabama to capture us in a month. ' We captured him and his fort in less than twenty minutes. This battle ended the war for us as Lee had sur- rendered nine hours before we fought our last battle. From Mobile we marched to Montgomery, arriving there April a th, and from there we were sent home to be mustered out, by way of Selma, Meridian, and Vicksburg. From there we went to St. Louis by boat and thence on to Springfield, Illinois, by rail, where we were mustered out at Camp Butler on August 5, 1865, having participated in about thirty-five engagements, and having travelled by rail nearly a thousand miles, by water over six thous.md, and on foot nearly two thousand five hundred. One of the trio of one-armed McKendreans whose pic- tures appear above, James B. Pinckard, lost his right arm at Fort Blakely. Yet as stated by Colonel Moore, General Lee had surrendered more than nine hours before that battle was fought. If the more perfect means of communication which we have now had existed then, that soldier need not have gone through life with only one arm. These narratives of Colonel Moore, Adjutant Deneen, Lieutenant Fike, and others, make it clear that the McKendree boys played no inconsiderable part in the great Civil War. With the Spanish- American War in 1898, McKendree does not seem to have been so closely identified. It is true that Harry Van Treese, a former McKendree student, was one of Col. Roosevelt ' s Rough Riders. And a number of other McKendreans got as far as the training camp in Flor- ida, among them, Rev. Orley E. Laird, class of ' 93, and the three Wallis brothers, Marshall, Robert, and Edward, sons of Rev. William Wallis, of the class of ' 62, while Cameron Harmon, Clair Moorman, and OUie Wallace, commonly known as Irish, actually saw service in Cuba. Harmon held the position of wagonmaster, served till the end of the war, and came home with the victorious army by way of New York City. All these experiences were a wonderful inspiration to the young soldier boy, but as soon as prac- ticable, he came back to McKendree and finished his col- lege course. McKendree ' s connection with the World War is more difficult to determine with accuracy. The plan of the draft for soldiers included all able-bodied men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five who did not have some legitimate reason for exemption. This no doubt included hundreds of men out in the busy world who had at one time been stu- dents in McKendree. In the fall of niS, according to the plan devised by Congress, a chapter of the S. A. T. C, or Student ' s Army Training Corps, was estabhshed in Mc- Kendree. These boys from eighteen to twenty-one were drafted for training, to be used for soldiers in case the war should last until they were needed at the front. This group was composed of a hundred young men, most of them just out of high school. When they were given a choice of going to the army training camp or training in college, they usually chose the latter, and the government bore the actual expense of their board and training. The Corps was in charge of Major Andrews whom some of the faculty still remember and whom some of the boys in the training corps will never forget. The Boys ' Dormitory was transformed into a barracks, and military rules of living were One Hundred dnd HmctyStx MC KENDREE enforced. A strict physical examination had to be pass ' ed and a few were rejected for physical reasons. The hoys received military in- struction under the major and took certain specified college courses which were supposed to be especially helpful to the future sol- dier. The boys wore their uniforms in the class room and we seemed more than GENERAL WESLEY MERRITT ever a part of the great war. But after the armistice was signed on that well remember ' ed eleventh day of November, there were soon rumors afloat that the policy of the government would be changed. There were grave objections to spending the people ' s money in training soldiers if there was to be no im ' mediate need for them. In fact, before Christmas, came the order to disband the S. A. T. C. in the various colleges which had them throughout the country. It was done and soldier uniforms were no longer the prevailuig costume on McKendree ' s campus. But besides this training group many McKendree boys were actually in the war activities both at home and abroad, on this side of the ocean and over seas. The Philo and Plato Societies both had their service flags. The stars on them represented men who were at the time or recently connected with the college societies. Of course there were also many Methodist young men m the war be- sides those who were at McKendree. Almost every church in the conference had its service flag. The idea came to a couple of young women who had been working for a few years in our conference as evangelists, that it would be a fine thing to combine all these flags into one. These excellent ladies were Miss May Paul and Miss Mary Olive, also known as Little Mary. They were quite successful as evangelists and they undertook this new enterprise in the same indomitable spirit that brought success in their evan- gelistic work. They procured a huge banner and proceeded with their own hands to set upon it the five thousand stars that represented the Methodist soldier boys of one confer- ence. The task took weeks and even months. But the two women persevered and at conference time they brought the magnificent flag with them to Greenville where the confer- ence met that year (1918), and on the opening day it was unfurled and raised in the Greenville Church, with appro- priate ceremonies and abundance of patriotic speeches. Yet this enthusiasm was tempered and subdued at times by the fact that many ot the sons of members of the conference were at that time over seas in the army and several had already made the supreme sacrifice for their country in Flanders Field at the battle front of the most stupendous civil war that the world has ever known. After conference, the great flag was carefully furled and brought to McKendree College for safe keeping, where with its five thousand stars it may still be viewed by the visitor as it reposes in a wooden case with a glass cover. Among the boys who had been recently connected with the college and never returned from over seas or from the training camp, were Herschel Tritt, Paul Dee, Harold Adams, and Glen McCormack. As a memorial to the last named his fellow members of the Philosophian Society have started a movement to found a permanent scholarship to aid one needy student after another during all the years of the future m accomplishing the trying task of securing an education. We may safely conclude that McKendree ' s connection with the four great wars in which our country has been involved during the first century of her existence, has always been an honorable one. Yet it is also a safe prediction that her influence will he e.xerted in the most vigorous manner possible to prevent the occurrence of any war at all during her second century, upon which she is about to enter. A LIST OF McKENDREANS WHO WERE OFFICERS IN THE CIVIL WAR General James H. Wilson Colonel Risdon M. Moore General Wesley Merritt Colonel Jonathan Merriam General Lucien Greathouse Lieut. -Col. E. H. Topping General Jesse H. Moore Major William S. Pope General John I. Rinaker Quartermaster Henry C. Fike Surgeon J. R. M. Gaskill Quartermaster Charles W. Colonel James A. Jaquess Jerome Adjutant Samuel H. Deneen Adjutant Isaac N. Higgins Major William P. Olden Chaplain Elias D. Wilkin Captain Jacob S. Moore Captain William H. Copp Captain Joseph T. Parker Captain James Cornngton Captain Henry A. Castle Captain Robert A. Halbert Lieutenant Lewis M. PhiUi Lieutenant Isaiah Stickel Lieutenant Daniel Kerr Lieutenant Benj. F. Olden Lieutenant William Wallis Lieutenant James M. Truitt Lieutenant Lewis C. Bornman GENERAL JAMES WILSON One Hundred and N.metySex ' en CHAPTER XVII. Presicie?it AINvfs Administration B OBERT Allyn was a born leader. He was both a physical and intellectual giant. He was almost as tall as Lincoln, but heavier built. He was born in Ledyard, Connecticut, January 25, 1817, and died at Carbondale, Illinois.. January 7, 1894. He re- ceived his college education at the Wesleyan University. It was located in his native state. He graduated in 1841 and for a year taught mathematics at the Wilbraham Academy. In 1842 he joined the New England Conference and served four years in the pastorate. After that he devoted his life mainly to educational work. In 1846, he became principal of Wilbra- ham Academy and after two years took a similar position in the Providence Conference Academy. In 1852, and again in 1854, he was elected to the Rhode Island Legislature. In 1854, he was appointed Com- missioner of Public Education for the state of Rhode Island, and in that year was an official visitor to the United States Military Academy at West Point. In 1857, he accepted a position as professor of Ancient Languages in the Ohio University at Athens, Ohio, and after two years he became president of the Wesleyan Female College at Cincinnati. In 1863, in the midst of the Civil War, he was elected president of McKendree. After guiding the destinies of McKendree for eleven years, which was the longest term of any president up to that time, he became the first principal of the Southern Illinois State Normal School at Carbondale, where he finished his educational and his earthly career. Many hundreds of graduates received diplomas bearing his signature, and not a few of them attained distinction in their respective fields. Bishop Mallalieu, Dr. Charles H Payne, and Dr. William F. Warren were at one time his pupils. He was a stalwart in defense of the right and condemnation of the wrong, by pen and voice and personal example. He excelled in talent for organization and executive ability. The movement to cele- brate the Centennial of Methodism in this state received much of its inspiration from him, and he was chief among the organizers of the Southern Illinois Teachers ' Association. He was secretary of the Southern Illinois Conference for six years and represented that body in the General Conference in 1872. He was twice married. First to Emeline E. Denison, who died in 1844 leaving two children. Later he was married to REV. ROBERT ALLYN President of McKendree and later principal of Southern Illinois Normal Mary B. Budington, who died at Carbondale in 187Q, leaving four children. His oldest daughter. Emma, married William H. Hypes, a son of Benjamin Hypes, who has been often mentioned in this narrative. This daughter, Mrs. Hypes, was for many years a leader in the work of the Women ' s Foreign Missionary Society of this conference and was conference president of that body. The only other new member of the faculty when Dr. Allyn came to the presidency was William Fletcher Swahlen, who taught Greek and German and whose biography will appear in a later chap- ter. It was during his administration that the Educational Convention of 1868 was held to commemorate McKendree ' s fortieth annivers- ary and to inspire interest in her future. Substantial progress was made in building up the endowment fund but in that per- iod it did not reach a point where it was at all sufficient for the growing needs of the institution. Also a college paper, The McKendree Repository was established in 1867 and con- tinued into the next president ' s administration. It is regarded as one of the most successful journalistic efforts ever made at McKendree. Another event was the admission of women in 1869, and as a result of that, the organization of the Clion- ian Literary Society. The salaries of the faculty were raised to a figure more than double what they had been in the early days, and higher than they were many years later when by reason of its periods of depression, the college sometimes paid its teachers less than a Hving wage. When Dr. Allyn resigned the presidency of McKendree to become principal of the Southern Normal in 1874, the Joint Board at its session for that year adopted the follow- ing complimentary resolution : Whereas the election of the Rev. Robert Allyn to the Principalship of the Southern Illinois Normal University at Carbondale, and his acceptance thereof, has made it necessary for him to vacate the office of President of McKendree Col- lege which he has held for eleven successive years. It was assumed in that time of our national and local history when there was least encouragement for such institutions; for the exigencies of the Civil War, the extraordinary depreciation of money, and the enlistment of so many young men from the patronizing territory were sources of no little discour- One Hundred and TiinetyEight agement. But the work of Dr. AUyn wjs undertaken and continued up to the present with evidences of constant pros- perity. The members of the Joint Board, in view of these facts, and of his final separation from them, hereby resolve, That in our judgment the affairs of the college were never in more satisfactory condition than now. Throughout the incumbency of Dr. AUyn there has been no decline of the grade of scholarship in the college and no diminution of interest on the part of its students and patrons. There has been a steady increase of the influence of the college abroad, and the results of the teaching in its halls we have witnessed in the excellent character of the scholarship of the classes annually graduated. We cordially commend the spirit of piety, of harmony, and of patriotism, which has been man- ifest among the students, and we are rejoiced to know that many scores of them owe not only their mental, but also their spiritual trainihg to the president and his excellent col- leagues. We take pleasure in commending the retiring presi- dent to the confidence and esteem of the institution and community to which he may shortly remove, and devoutly pray that God may continue his life long m the midst of his abundant labor. We here present brief sketches of the students who graduated during the administration of Dr. Allyn. The first class whose diplomas he signed was THE CLASS OF 1864 ABIJAH SMITH MEGUIRE Abijah Smith Meguire was born at Goshen, Cape May County, New Jersey, January 26, 1838. He became a student in McKendree in the fall of 1861 and graduated in 1864, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philo- sophian Society. The same year of his graduation, he was appointed clerk of the War Department in Washington. He studied law in the ofiice of Walker and Stanton. In 1865, he went to New York City and continued his studies in the law office of Blatchford, Seward, and Griswold, and was admitted to the bar in 1866. He then formed a law partner- ship in Washington, D. C. with William L. De Zeng. In 1871, he moved to Chicago, where he continued the practice of law. He was married March 20, 1872, to Miss Julia M. Hypes, of Lebanon, a daughter of Benjamin Hypes, the long time friend of the college. Their children are Grace A., Cor- nelia B., Helen R., and Frank H. The eldest died while still a young woman. Mr. Meguire practiced law for over forty years in Chicago before he retired from active work. He was a Methodist, a Mason, and a Republican. His death occurred in 1921. J. W. PURVIANCE James Washington Purviance was born at Carlinville, Illi- nois, February 25, 1842. He first became a student in Mc Kendree in J.muary, 1862, and graduated in June, 1864, re ceivmg the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philo- sophian Society. In addition to his regular college work he carried a law course under the direction of Ex-Governor French, which he completed about the time he graduated, and in October, 1864, he began the practice of law in Mem- phis, Tennessee. In July, 1865, he moved to Purdy, Ten- nessee and continued his law practice in that place until the next year when he was appointed prosecuting attorney and held the office till 1869, when he was appointed U. S. district attorney for the district of Western Tennessee, and held the position tor tour years. During this period his residence was at Memphis. In January, 1873, he was married to Miss R. C. Pharr, of Purdy, Tenn. and soon after located at Helena, Arkansas, where he engaged in the practice of law m partnership with J. M. Hewitt. Later he moved to Clarksville, Tennessee where he was located in 191 1. WILLIAM BATEMAN WESTCOTT William Bateman Westcott was born January 19, 1842, near Mt. Vernon, Illinois. He entered McKendree in 1861, and graduated m 1864, receiving the degree of B S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. As soon as possible after commencement he enlisted in the 1 36th Illinois Infantry and served till the close of the war. He was married October 6, 1864, to Frances A. Hoyt, of Lebanon, Illinois. After the war he engaged in mercantile business at Ashley, Illinois for several years, and then became a commission mer- chant in St. Louis, where he remained for more than thirty years. In 1904, failing health induced him to go south where he could spend his declining years in a milder climate. He lived six years at Ada, Oklahoma, and some time at Dallas, Texas, where his death occurred December 11, 1914. His wife makes her home with her sister, Mrs. A. N. Simmons, at Cerro Gordo, Illinois. Two of their four children are dc ceased. He was a Methodist and a Knight Templar. NATHANIEL PARKER ROBINSON Nathaniel Parker Robinson graduated from the Law De- partment with the class of 1864. He received the degree ot LL. B., but we have no recent information concerning him. He was a member of Plato. CALVIN AUGUSTUS SPENCER Calvin Augustus Spencer was born at Du Bois. Illinois, December 9, 1838. His parents were Daniel and Larina Spen- cer. He with Mr. Robinson, just mentioned above, consti ' One Hundred and HinetyHme MC KENDREE tuted the Law Class of 1864 in McKendree. He was a mem- ber of the Philosophian Society. He was married to Elvira Lee Jones May 5, 1881, and had one daughter. He was in business in St. Louis for many years and then moved to Wichita, where he engaged in the real estate business THE CLASS OF 18(15 DR. GALLAUDET OLIVER BAILEV Gallaudet Ohver Bailey was born near Lebanon, Illinois, December 25, 1843. He entered McKendree in 1861 and graduated in 1865, receiving the degree of B. S. The following year he was in the Poughkeepsie Business College, and then he entered the Rush Medical College in Chicago, from which he graduated in 1869. While in McKendree he was a member of the Platonian Society. He began the practice of his pro- fession in Beatrice, Nebraska in 1869, remained there five years, moved to Arlington, Illinois, where he continued his practice until 1906, and then moved to Burbank, California, where he finished his career. He was married February 25, 1869 to Helen G. Arnold of Mason, Illinois. They had four sons and six daughters, tho not all of them are living. Three of the sons are druggists and the other a surgeon. Dr. Bailey had a long and useful career. He was not only useful pro- fessionally but also morally and religiously in the community where he lived. He was a firm believer in Scriptural Christian- ity and showed plainly the influence of the Christian training he had received in his father ' s home. His death occurred December 15, 1916 at Los Angeles. REV. JOHN E. EARP John E. Earp was born at Marion, Illinois, April 12, 1846, and died at Atlanta, Indiana, May 10, 1897. He was a son of Rev. Joseph Earp who was long a prominent member of the Southern Illinois Conference and a member of the Board of Trustees of McKendree. He graduated from McKendree at the age of nineteen, receiving the degree of A. B., and later A. M. While in McKendree he was a member of the Platonian Society. In 1879, he received the degree of Ph. D. from Lawrence College, and in 1882, Dickinson gave him the degree of D. D. He served for a time as professor in Central Wesleyan College and then spent two years study- ing Philology at the Universities of Tubingen and Berlin. He then became Professor of Hebrew and Modern Languages in Indiana Asbury University. Later he made a second trip to Europe for further studies in French and German. He was admitted to the North Indiana Conference in 1876, and ten years later he became President of Southwestern College, at Winfield, Kansas. He remained in this position until 1890, when he entered the pastorate in the Southwest Kansas Conference. In 1S96 he was transferred back to the North Indiana Conference and stationed at Atlanta, where his career of service and his life were both completed at the same time. In the reorganization of Asbury University, when it became DePauw, he rendered special service in the enter- prise which won for him the high esteem of Mr. DePauw and other members of the Board of Trustees on account of his business insight and excellent management of all affairs entrusted to him. The faculty of DePauw passed complimen- tary resolutions concerning him which contained the follow- ing expressions; He was a close student of books, of men, of events, and was always abreast of the times. He was a tireless worker and a man of unbounded energy and application. Life to him was too sacred a thing to be trifled with, and time too precious a gift to be wasted. He was a warm and true friend, nor did he spare himself labor or sacrifice in aiding those in need. REV. EDWIN ALONZO HOYT Edwin Alomo Hoyt was born at Hill, New Hampshire, March 8, 1845. When he was only eighteen months old his father, John W. Hoyt, and his mother ' s brother, Augustus C. French, moved with their families to Palestine, Illinois. Here he grew up and received his early education. After Mr. French retired fr om his second term as Governor of Illinois, he came to Lebanon to educate his children. Young Hoyt came to live with his uncle and attend McKendree. A little later his father moved to Lebanon in order that his children might all have educational advantages. Accordingly, the Hoyts became good patrons of McKendree. Augustus, Edwin, Charles, John, and Etta were all students at different times. The older sister, Frances, was married before girls were admitted to McKendree. Edwin paid his college ex- penses very largely by periods of teaching while securing his college course. He graduated in 1865, and shared the honors of the class with John E. Earp. In 1867, he joined the Southern Illinois Conference, and the same year was married to Miss Mildred Lee, a daughter of Judge Harvey Lee, of Sacramento, California. For twenty years he was engaged in the regular work of the pastorate, serving several important charges. He had various inducements to take up other lines of work. Dr. Fry urged him to become assistant editor of the Central Christian Advocate, and he was once elected president of a college, but he felt that he was called to the work of preaching the gospel, and could not be induced to leave it. The Missouri Wesleyan honored him with the degree of D. D. He was for several years president of the Board of Southwestern College. In 1887, he heeded the call MC KENDREE of the great expanding west, and transferred to the South- west Kansas Conference, and the remainder of his ministerial service was rendered in the state of Kansas. He held several important charges there and was superintendent of the Wichita District 1Q04 to igio. He represented his conference in the General Conference at Baltimore in iqo8. He also served as treasurer of his conference and chairman of the Board of Examiners. After leaving the district, the condition of his health was such that he took the retired relation which he held till his death November 2, 1916. His widow and his two daughters, Mrs. A E, Almond and Miss Laura, re- side in Wichita. DR. THOMAS N, LIVESAY Thomas Newton Livesay was born in Washington Coun- ty, Illinois, February 11, i8j6. He entered McKendree in September, 1861, and graduated in June, 1865, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. After teaching school for a time, he took 3 medical course in the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, grad- uating in 1868. The same year he located at Patoka, Illinois for the practice of medicine, where he has had a long and useful career, ending with his death Jan. 10, 1904. He was married September 16, 1866, to Mrs. E. O. Bilgen, daughter of Abram Phillips. Their two daughters are Sarah N., born in 1868, and Estaola B., born m 1871. VALENTINE CLAY RUCKER Valentine Clay Rucker, the only son of Rev. Alvm Rucker, was born in St. Francois County, Missouri, De- cember 7, 1847 He graduated from McKendree in the class of 186 ' ), receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Society. In 1866, he became professor of Math- ematics in the Illinois Agricultural College at Irvington. At the same time he was studying law, and was admitted to the bar November 11, 1867. In June, 1868, he received the degree of LL. B. from McKendree. He was First lieutenant of Company C of the St. Francois County Regiment of the Missouri Home Guards. He received this commission Octo- ber 19, 1867. February i, 1868, he became editor of the Farmington Herald. He was a young man of great promise, but death claimed him almost in the beginning of his career. He died in the Christian faith November 5, 1868, at Far- mington, Missouri. THE CLASS OF 1866 WILLIAM WALLACE ELIFF William Wallace Eliff was born April 29, 1840. His home was at St. Jacob, Illinois when he entered McKendree in 1859. He graduated in 1866, receiving the degree of B. S., and also, LL. B. at the same time. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married March 6, 1S70. He subsequently practiced law and taught school in Barton County, Missouri. He died of heart disease Januiry 8, 1880, at Lebanon, Illinois. EDWARD LIVINGSTONE FRENCH Edward Livingstone French, one of the sons of Governor French, was horn m Palestine, Illinois, July 24, 1846. He hecime a student in the Preparatory Department of McKen- dree m i8 ' ;7 when only a boy of eleven. His course was broken by several absences, one being a year m the army, so that he did not finish till 1866, when he received the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. After his graduation he studied law one year at Springfield, Illinois, and two years in the University of Michigan, where he received the degree of LL. B. in 1869. He then practiced law one year in Lebanon and one year in Obey, Illinois; and then became professor of Latin and Natural Science in Wells College at Aurora, New York. He was married Sep- tember 7, 1870, to Miss Mary E. Wells of St. Louis. Their children were William Wells, who died m infancy, Herbert, Harry, Nora, and Helen. Mrs. French died in 1904. Late in the eighties Mr. French moved to California on account of his health, and there taught school for many years, at Ver- dugo, Glendale, Canada, and other places. He s pent his de- clining years very quietly in the Soldiers ' Home at Sawtelle, which privilege he earned by his service in the Civil War. He died only a few years ago. JUDGE OLIVER ALBERT HARKER Oliver Albert Harker was born at Fountain City, Indiana, December 14, 1846. He became a student in Wheaton College m i860 and studied there for two years. He then en- tered the army as a private m the Sixty-seventh Illinois Infantry. After returning from the war, he entered McKendree and continued there until he finished the classical course, graduating in 1866 with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Society. In 1908, after he had become prominentinhis professional field, McKendree bestowed upon him the degree of LL.B. After leaving McKendree he took a law course in the University of Indiana and was admitted JUDGE HARKER in the prim: of Life Two Hundred and On c KENDRE to the bar. He then taught school for a few years, after which he began practicing law in Vienna, Illinois, in 1870. In 1878, he became circuit judge, which office he held until 1891. From that time to 1903 he was judge in the Appellate Court of Illinois. In 1903, he was elected dean of the College of Law of the University of Illinois, which position he held until 1916, when he retired from active service. But his energetic spirit could not be idle; so he busied himself editing a four volume edition of the Illinois Statutes, which was published in 19 19. He is the author of several monographs on legal subjects. Since retiring from the deanship he has still been a professor of Law in the school and is legal ad- viser to the university. He was married to Miss Siddie B. Bain of Vienna, March 3, 1870. Their children are George M., Oliver A., and Mrs. Winifred Hewitt of Vienna. Judge Harker is a Methodist, an Odd-fellow, a member of the Order of Elks, and in politics is a Republican. He lives in Champaign, Illinois. REV. JOHN WEEDEN John Weeden was born near Pulaski, Illinois, June 30, 1834. Even in his youth he was of a markedly religious dis- position. He entered McKendree before the war, but in 1861 enlisted in the Union Army and served his country faithfully till the close of the war, when he resumed his studies, and graduated in 1866, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After his graduation he joined the Southern Illinois Con- ference where he labored faithfully through a long career. The last few years of his service were spent as a home mis- sionary in the west. He died at Bartley, Nebraska, July 28, 1904. DR. B. M. HYPES Benjamin Murray Hypes was born in Lebanon, Illinois, July 31, 1846. His great-grandfather, Nicholas Hypes, emi- grated from Germany to America in colonial days, married Patience Reynolds of Puritan ancestry and settled in Vir- ginia. Their son, Henry H. Hypes, moved to Ohio, and his son, Benjamin, came to Lebanon in his youthful days, and was a student in Lebanon Seminary in the first year of its existence 1828. He afterward married Caroline Murray of Baltimore and their younger son is the subject of this sketch. The parents were among the sturdy pioneers of Illinois. The father was for sixty years a trustee of McKendree, and died at Lebanon at the age of 91. The mother attained the age of 95. The mortal remains of both now rest in College Hill Cemetery. Benjamin M. graduated from McKendree in 1866, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, that of A. M. He BENJAMIN HYPES wasamemberofthePlaton- ian Literary Society. He taught a year in Arcadia (Mo.) Seminary and spent a year as principal of the pub- lic schools in Bethalto, 111. He then spent a year in Rush Medical College in Chicago. Then, after a year as pro- fessor of Mathematics in Central Wesleyan College at Warrenton, Mo., he en- tered the St. Louis Medical College, from which he grad- uated in 1872. After spend- ing two years as assistant physician in the St. Louis City Hos- pital, he began his private practice in that city in 1874. He was one of the founders of the Marion-Sims Medical College in St. Louis, was vice-dean until the institution was made a part of the St. Louis University; and was a member of the faculty until his death. He was recognised as one of the leading phy- sicians of St. Louis and was a well-known writer for medical journals. The doctor was never married, but maintained a comfortable home of his own at 1615 Grand Avenue. He was for many years a trustee of McKendree. He greatly endeared himself to the students by the interest he took in the physical side of student life as evidenced by the donation of the Hypes Athletic Field . His death occurred in 1924. After the funeral in St. Louis, the body was brought to Lebanon and placed in the Hypes family lot in College Hill Cemetery. PROF. WM. F. SWAHLEN William Fletcher Swahlen was born at Wheeling, West Va., April 19, 1839. His parents were Rev. John Swahlen, a native of Canton Berne, Switzerland; and Ann Gibbons Swahlen, a native of West Chester, Chester County, Penn- sylvania. He was educated at the University of Pennsyl- vania, from which he graduated in 1863, with the degree of A. B. In 1866, he received the honorary degree of A. M. from McKendree, and in 1877, that of Ph. D. from the Iowa Wesleyan University. While a professor at McKendree, he was an honorary member of both Philo and Plato. He was professor of Greek and German in McKendree from 1863 to 1883; president of McKendree from 1883 to 1886; acting president of Kansas Wesleyan University from i886 to 1887; professor of Greek in DePauw University from 1887 to the present time. In 1913, he completed his fiftieth year in edu- Two Hundred and Two MC KENDREE cational work. He was also an ordained minister in the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. He was a member of the American Philological Association; one of the Gentleman ' s Literary Club of Greencastle; and of the Masonic Order. He had been se cretary of the Faculty and of the Executive Committee at DePauw from 1888 until his death m iqi ). For many years he was the leader of the Students ' class meetings. He was contributor to the church papers and other publications on Philological and other subjects. He was married June 26, 1873, to Miss Carrie V. Hypes, of Lebanon, Illinois. Of their six children, three are now living: Ella Blanch, now Mrs. Joseph P. Allen, of Greencastle, Percy Hypes, physician and surgeon m St. Louis, and William Benjamin, also m St. Louis. THE CLASS OF 1867 HON. WILLIAM FLAVIUS LEICESTER HADLEY William Flavius Leicester Hadley was born June 15, 1S47, near Collinsville, Illinois. His parents, William and Diadema Hadley, came to Illinois from Kentucky. His father was a local preacher in the Methodist Church. He graduated from McKendree in 1867, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After leaving McKendree, he entered the Law Department of Michigan University, from which he graduated m 1871. He then began the practice of law m Edwardsville. In 1874, he formed a partnership with W. H. Krome, which continued till 1890, when Mr. Krome was elected county judge. In 1886, he was elected State Senator and was offered the nomination for a second term, but was compelled to decline on account of sickness in his family. In 1895, he was elected to Congress as representative of the Eighteenth District. He was nom- inated for a second term, but being obliged to go to California for his health, he failed of election. He was a delegate to the National Republican Convention in Chicago, which nom- inated Benjamin Harrison for President. During the last years of his life he was president of the Bank of Edwardsville. He was married June 15, 1875, to Miss Mary J. West. Their six children are Winifred, Julia, Flavia, Lester, West, and Douglass. His death occurred in California, April 25, 1901. JUDGE JAMES M. NORTH James Medley North was born in Williamson County, Illinois, March 29th, 1845. He became a student in McKen- dree in September, 1864, and graduated in the class of 1867, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philo- sophian Literary Society. For a year after his graduation he taught mathematics in the Seminary at Shelbyville, Illinois. He then travelled a year in the Rocky Mountains. He studied law for a while and taught at the same time m the Southern Illinois College at Carbondale. In 1869 aiid 1870 he was a law student in Chicago University, where he graduated in July, 1870, with the degree of LL. B. The next year he taught m the Carbondale, 111. high school, and the following year, located at Atchison, Kansas, and began the practice of law. While here he was the superintendent of the Meth- odist Sunday School. In 187;,, he moved to Jacksonville, Illinois and formed a law partnership with W. F. Goheen. A few years later he changed his location to Boulder, Colo- rado, where m 1877 he was County Judge of Boulder County. After some years of successful work in the field of legal en- deavor in Colorado, he obtained a government position which took him to Washington, D. C, where he spent the remain- der of his busy life. He died in Washington June 6, 1906, and his remains were taken to Boulder, Colo, for interment. He was twice married, but was a widower at the time of his death. He left two sons- Paul M. and James F., who are both lawyers and reside at Rocky Ford, Colorado. LIEUT. BENJAMIN F. OLDEN Benjamin Franklin Olden was born m Alton, Illinois, Jan- uary I, 1843. He first became a student in McKendree in i860. After one year in school, he taught school for a term near Edwardsville. In August, 1862, he helped to organize a company of soldiers which became Company D in the 1 17th Regiment of Illinois ' Volunteers. Mr. Olden was second lieu- tenant of the company, and before the war was over, became first lieutenant. After the war was over, he returned to college and graduated in the class of 1867, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was admitted to the bar and began the practice of law at Edwardsville in 1868. In September, 1870, he moved to West Plains, Missouri, where he practiced law for many years. Some years ago (191 5) he moved to Boise City, Idaho, where he is now engaged in the banking business. DR. GEORGE WASHINGTON GOODNER George Washington Goodner graduated in the class of 1867, receiving the degree of B. S. He afterward took a law course m the University of Michigan and a medical course in Chicago. He went abroad at the time of the Franco- Prussian War and was for a time assistant surgeon in the Prussian Army. Later he practiced medicine in Chicago. We have no information as to the date of his death. GEORGE BYRON CHARLES George Byron Charles graduated in the class of 1867, re- ceiving the degree of B. S. We have been able to secure no further information concerning him. Two Hundred and Three ' OMl IA aAM ' A. UNIVERSITATIS Mr K EN DRI AN AE. JUNE IITH . 1868 .AIiJ ' ' jiiHrii n:u Uonoraiutjs : Ejiisdc ' iii Lin;itiitilni lic ii()r;m lis : oniiiiitiis ilt ' nit|iK ' litti ;iii fMiitoiiliu-.. iinpiimis liiijii Acadeniiiic patronis : n() jiiailiim Hatcaiaincalc m leceptuii, hascc i ' - i icit ili iiic irociiiulissimL ' ilcdi- S C ss l?OKN M.S s 1 ' . MKK..Y Eato: Kl M jIAFKOKI. Ra.M A Bkvk.ri.v Si - GlILKlIKlUS FiSK (JOIIEEN. j ' - JollANNES WrIGIIT TllTOV. IIakkison Wrbstkr IIai T. 0 ' (ju.f.i.mi s IIfnkk is ' I ' vm k. Thomas jKKiKRsoNjorfvY. Warren Triitt. (j RRlTT Crowxovkr Land Jon xnf.s Knocii Uti . I NiEi. BvLinviN Parkinson Ott.) Hugo Wan ' uki.is. (;KOR(,lt J VAsmN(.roN l ' RKINsoN. JoMNNNKS IlVRKISOS WusON. ■ ' I ' ltWj L ' it J i Bb.% .,. i  g  i ). ' Facsimile of an old commencement programme dated 1868 Note that it is printed in Latin, as was the custom at that time Two Hundred and Four MC KENDREE HON, JAMES M. TRL ' ITT James Madison Truitt was born in Trimble County, Ken- tucky, February a8, r842. His parents, Samuel and Cynthia Truitt were both natives of that state, but the femily came to Illinois m 1 81 1. In i86s, he enlisted as a recruit in the 117th Regiment of Illinois Volunteers and was mustered out as second lieutenant. After the war, he resumed his studies in McKendree and graduated from the Law Department in 1867, with the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. After being admitted to the bar, he formed a law partnership with J. J. Phillips, afterward one of the Supreme Judges of Illinois. He was elected to the Legislature of Illinois in 1872; in 1876 he was a presi- dential elector; m 1884, a delegate to the Republican National Convention; and in 1888, presidential elector-at-large from Illinois. He was appointed supervisor of the Census of 1900 for the Eighteenth District of Illinois. He died at his home in Hillsboro, Illinois, July 2= , 1900. THE CLASS OF 1S68 REV. JOSHUA SOULE AKERS Joshua Soule Akers, son of the famous pioneer preacher, Peter Akers, was born near Jacksonville, Illinois, March 8, i8j7. His father was three times president of McKendree, and he himself was educated there, graduating m 1868, when he received the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. Many years after, in recog- nition of his excellent service in the Christian ministry, his alma mater conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity, in 1894. He was licensed to preach in 1861; did missionary work in Wisconsin, was a pastor of several im- portant charges in the Illinois Conference; was presiding elder six years of the Aberdeen District in South Dakota. In iqoo he came back to Illinois and served as financial agent for the Illinois Women ' s College. About 1910, his wife died very suddenly, and after that his health declined rapidly, and his closing years were spent as an invalid in charge of his son. Rev. Edwin W. Akers. He died July 3,1, 191J. He, his father, and his son, together have rendered over one hun- dred years of service m the Christian ministry — an unusual record. LEWIS C. BORNMAN Lewis Cass Bornman was born near Belleville on the farm where he now resides, July 22, 1836. He is a son of Conrad Bornman and is of German descent. He entered McKendree shortly before the Civil War, but abandoned his studies to become a soldier in the Ninth Regiment of Illinois Volun- teers, where he served his country for three years and four months. After the war, he came back to McKendree and finished his course, graduating m the class of 1868, with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Lit- erary Society. He spent his life in a very quiet way on the old homestead, as a bachelor , but enjoying the respect and confidence of his neighbors. However, late in life, he changed his point of view and was married in October, 1914, to a lady from Freeburg. WILLIAM POMEROY EATON William Pomeroy Eaton was born at EdwardsviUe, Illi- nois, March 27, 1840. His English and Welsh ancestors came to America in i6jo. He was a son of Judge Henry K. Eaton, of Madison County. His mother ' s name was Elizabeth C. Pomeroy, and her ancestors were also English. Mr. Eaton entered McKendree in i8 ' i;7, but did not graduate till 1868, when he received the degree of A. B. He was m his senior year when the Civil War broke out, and he entered the army as a member of the 117th Regiment Illinois Volunteers, of which Prof. R. M. Moore became the colonel. He served three years and was sergeant of Company H. He was a mem- ber of the Philosophian Society. He was married October 4, 18S2, to Miss Eliza A. Blackburn. To them were born six children, of whom five are living: Henry B., an attorney at EdwardsviUe, Prof. William J., Joseph King, now living on the old homestead, Samuel West and Thomas M. After his graduation, Mr. Eaton was engaged in teaching for a time, and was elected county superintendent of schools of Madi- son County. After ceasing to hold this office, he returned to the farm which he managed until his death, which occurred in 1909. He had held the offices of supervisor, school trustee. Republican central committeeman, and president of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and the Windstorm Insur ance Company. He was also for years president of the Madi- son County Old Settler ' s Association. He was a member of the Methodist Church, and belonged to Lodge No. qg, A. F ? A. M. THOMAS W. ECKERT Thomas W. Eckert was born in Monroe County, Illinois, November 6, 1840. He was a son of John and Arab (Williams) Eckert, the former being a native of Pennsylvania and the latter, of Kentucky. He entered McKendree at the age of sixteen, but after three years, left without graduating. He afterward received the honorary degree of A. M., in 1868. He studied dentistry and practiced in St. Louis three years, then in Lebanon until, in 1873, he purchased the Lebanon Journal, of which he was editor until 1878. He then estab- lished the Belleville Republican in that city, which he con- Two Hundred and Fne MC KENDREE ' : : .,,. :.. . ducted successfully until 1884 when he removed to Arkansas City, Kansas, where he engaged in editorial work till a short time before his death. On account of ill he;ilth, he went to Los Angeles, California where he died June 2, 1909. He was married May 30, i860, to Miss Viola Calhoun, who with one son and two daughters, survives him. Mr. Eckert was postmaster of Lebanon during the years 1874-1876, and was a life long Republican. CAPT. ROBERT ALEXANDER HALBERT Robert Alexander Halbert was born in St. Clair County, Ilhnois, February 9, 1841. He was a son of John Halbert, a native of Virginia, and Clarissa Carr. He entered McKen- dree in 1857, but in his senior year transferred to Illinois College, at Jacksonville, graduated there in June, 1861, hav- ing attended that institution the last six months of his course. In 1868, McKendree conferred upon him the degree of A. M. While in McKendree, he was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After teaching school for a year, he enlisted in the United States Army and became captain of Company H of the 117th Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, and after three years of active service, was mustered out August 5, 1865. He then studied law in the office of Hon. W. H. Under- wood and was admitted to the practice of law at the fall term of the Supreme Court held at Ottawa, Illinois, in 1866. In 1868, he was elected state ' s attorney for the Judicial District composed of St. Clair, Bond, and Madison Counties, for a term of four years. He was married April 14, 1869, to Miss Emma L. Underwood, a daughter of Judge Underwood, who was a graduate of Monticello Seminary. Of their four children, three grew to maturity. They are: Mrs. Clara Halbert Needles, of Belleville, William Underwood Halbert, who has been practicing law in Belleville since 1897, and Miss Mary L. Halbert, who is Assistant Librarian in the Belleville Public Library. Mr. Halbert died at Belleville, December 27, 1888. THOMAS JEFFERSON JUDY Thomas Jefferson Judy was born at Troy, Madison Coun- ty, Illinois, May 15, 1846. His parents were Thomas and Damaris Judy. He became a student in McKendree College in 1864 and graduated in 1868, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was married March 17, 1870, to Nancy M. McKee. They were the parents of six children: Robert, Nancy, Charles, Thomas, Edna, and Frances. They are all living except Charles and Thomas. In politics he was always a Democrat. He attended the Methodist Church. He engaged in mer- cantile business in Edwardsville for three years, and then moved to a farm, where he lived for the remainder of his life, engaged in farming and stock-raising. He tilled the posi- tion of school director and member of the County Board of Supervisors of Madison County. He was a member of the Masonic Lodge No. 99 at Edwardsville until his death, which occurred February 11, 1897, and his funeral was held under the auspices of the Masonic Order in connection with services at the Methodist Church. His remains rest in the Woodlawn Cemetery at Edwardsville. HARRISON W. HAPPY Harrison W. Happy was born in Perry County, Illinois, August 29, 1842. His parents, Burgin and Mary Happy, were both born in Kentucky. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1866 and graduated in the class of 1868, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He has been married, but in 191 5 was a widower with no children. The profession of law has been his life work, tho at this writing he holds a position with the Federal Government at Washington, D. C. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. GARRETT CROWNOVER LAND Garrett Crownover Land was born in Mascoutah, Illinois, in August, 1846. He received his early education in the schools of his native city, after which he became a student in McKendree College, where he remained till he graduated in the class of 1868, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. In the fall of 1868 he entered the Law Department of Michigan Univer- sity at Ann Arbor. He pursued the course here for some time, but later transferred to Harvard Law School where he received the degree of LL. B. in 1872. He then returned to Warrensburg, Missouri, which had been his home for some years, and entered upon the practice of law in that place. He was a man of brilliant parts and what promised to be a brilliant legal career was cut short by an early death on November 4, 1882. He was never married. GEORGE WASHINGTON PARKINSON George Washington Parkinson was born near Highland, Illinois, January i, 1844. He was the eldest son of Alfred J. and Mary (Baldwin) Parkinson. He became a student in McKendree in 1863 and graduated with the degree of B. S. in the class of 1868. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He taught school for several years after leaving college. His marriage to Miss Mary McKee of Sum- merfield took place in 1875. Of their six children, three sur- vived the father. They are George M., of Highland, Illinois, Ralph W., of Magnolia, Arkansas, and Alfred W., of Siloam Two Hundred and Six Springs, Arkansas. After his marriage, Mr. Parkinson en- gaged in farming near Highland until about 1903, when he moved to Arkansas in the hope that the milder climate would improve his health. He held numerous positions of honor and trust, especially in relation to educational affairs. One who knew him well declared that he was of the manly type of man and had many characteristics which com- mended him. He died several years ago. PROF. DANIEL BALDWIN PARKINSON Daniel Baldwin Parkinson was horn near Highland, Mad- ison County, Illinois, September 6, 1841. He was the second son of Alfred J. and Mary Parkinson. He entered Mc- Kendree in January, 1864 and completed his course in 1 868 in the same class with his older brother, and receiv ed the degree of B. S. He also received from McKen- dree the degrees of A. M. m 1874, and Ph. D. ini897. He was a member of the Pla- tonian Society. He was mar- ried December 28, 1876, to Miss Julia F. Mason. Some years after her death, he was married, July 30, 1884, to Miss Alice Raymond. Their two children are Raymond and Mary Alice. Except the first two years after his graduation, he spent his entire active life in educational work. From 1870 to 1873 he taught Natural Science and Mathematics in Jennings Seminary at Aurora, Illinois. From 1874 to 1897 he was professor of Physics and Chemistry at the Southern Illinois State Normal University at Carbondale. From that time till his retirement in 191 3, he was president of that institution. He was a member of the State and National Educational Associations, as well as other educational organizations. He was a member of the Methodist Church from 1865 to the time of his death in 1922, and always an active worker in that body. DR. ELAM STAFFORD RAMSEY Elam Stafford Ramsey had his early home in Clinton County, Illinois. He became a student in McKendree in 1865 and graduated in the class of 1868, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary So- ciety. He later studied medicine and practiced his profession in Carlyle, Illinois from 1874 to 1888, when he moved to Kansas City, Kansas, where he continued in the same pro- DR. PARKINSON fession till his death, which occurred m 1900. He was married to Miss Ida Breese, daughter of Justice Breese, of the Illinois Supreme Court. They had three children. Mr. Ramsey was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and was active in religious work. HON. GEORGE WASHINGTON SMITH George Washington Smith was born in Putnam County, Ohio, August 18, 1846. When he was but four years of age, his parents moved to Wayne County, Illinois, where he grew to manhood and learned the blacksmith ' s trade. Later, having determined on a professional career, he entered McKendree College, and graduated in the class of 1868, receiving the B. S. degree. He was a member of the Philosoph- ian Society. Later he took a law course in the University of Indiana, and was admitted to the bar in 1870. In 1871 he began the practice of law in Murphysboro, which was his home for the remainder of his life. He was married in 1884 to Miss M. Ellis Dailey, of Murphysboro. In 1880 he was presidential elector on the Republican ticket, and cast his vote for Garfield and Arthur. He was first elected to Con- gress in 1889, and was re-elected after that for seven times in succession. In fact he held the position continuously until the time of his death. He died at his home in Murphysboro, November 30, 1907. JAMES J. ROWEN James Jacob Rowen was born at Winchester, Illinois, June 15, 1836. His parents were Ira and Polly (Kersey) Rowen, one a native of Maryland and the other of Delaware. He entered McKendree College in the fall of 1854, but after a time transferred his credits to the Ohio Wesleyan Uni ' versity, and from that institution received the degree of A. B. in 1858 and that of A. M. in 1861. In 1868 the degree of A. M. was conferred upon him by McKendree. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. In October, 1865, he w,is married to Ellen C. Trotter, the daughter of the Rev. W. D. R. Trotter, who was the first editor of the Central Christian Advocate. Miss Trotter was a grand-daughter of Rev. Peter Cartwright. Mr. and Mrs. Rowen have three children now living: Edith Rowen, of Rock Springs, Wyo- ming, Mrs. W. A. Forrest, of Idaho Falls, Idaho, and Rowena Rowen, of Black Diamond, Washington. Mr. Rowen is a member of the Methodist Church, a lawyer, has taught school, and has been somewhat interested in politics. He was elected to the Colorado Legislature in 1879, and to the Wyoming Legislature in 1903. In 191 5 he was at Sheridan, Wyoming and was practicing the profession of law. Two Hitncired and Seie - g s JUDGE THOMPSON BEVERLY STELLE Thompson Beverly Stelle was born on a farm in Hamilton County, Illinois, January 23, 1845. When the war broke out, his father, Jacob Stelle, offered his services to his coun- try, and Thompson, the eldest son. became the mainstay of the large family during that critical period. He had a great desire for education. As soon as he had secured sufficient preparation, he began teaching in the country schools. By working on the farm between terms and practicing rigid economy, he managed to make his way through McKendree College, where he graduated in 1868, receiving the degrees of B. S. and LL. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. The same year of his graduation he was admitted to the bar and located in McLeansboro for the practice of law, where he spent the remaining thirty-eight years of his life. In 1869 he was elected county judge and served four years. He has been identified with nearly every important enterprise of his city and county. He has served the public as a member of the Board of Education, as alder- man and mayor of the city, and was presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1896. He was married February 11, 187J to Miss Laura E. Blades of McLeansboro, who with seven children survived him. The children are Mrs. Edith E. Wright, Mrs. Eleanor M. Graff, Cyrus B., Raleigh B., William H., Elsie J., and John H. Judge Stelle was a good financier and an able lawyer. He used his wealth in such a way as to benefit the community as well as to promote his own interests. Death overtook him while still in the midst of hfe ' s activities July ji, 1906. JUDGE WARREN TRUITT Warren Truitt was born m Green County, Illinois, July 4, 1847. He is a son of Samuel and Cynthia Truitt, who were both natives of Kentucky. He entered McKendree in 186 and graduated in 1868, receiving the degree of B. S. In 1894, he received the degree of A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married to Miss Kathryn Schade and they have one son living. He was principal of Bethal Academy, in Polk County, Oregon, from 1872 to 1874. He was then elected county judge of that county, which office he held for four years, but refused to be a can- didate for re-election. He then began the practice of law at Dallas, Oregon. He was presidential elector for Oregon on the Republican ticket in 1876, and was chosen as messenger to bear the vote of that state to Washington, D. C. In 1890 he was made registrar of the U. S. Land Office at Lakeview, Oregon, and in 1892 was appointed by President Benjamin Harrison to the office of United States District Iudt;e for the District of Alaska. This office he held four years, and resigned in 1896. He was first admitted to the bar in Illinois in 1870, and has practiced m the states of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington, in both state and federal courts. He is still engaged in law practice, maintaining offices in Moscow, Idaho, and Spokane, Washington. He was State Senator in Idaho from 1907 to 1909. He is a Mason and Knight Templar and, moreover, he is a member of Phi Beta Kappa and of Who ' s Who. JOHN ENOCH UTT John Enoch Utt was born June 18, 1849. Among his an- cestors are found representatives of the following different nationalities: Scotch, Irish, Welsh, Holland Dutch, and Ger- man. He entered McKendree in 1864 and graduated in 1868, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philo- sophian Literary Society. He was married in 1881 and has three children. He has been a railroad man for many years and has held responsible positions in the west, such as general freight agent for the Burlington, Cedar Rapids, and Northern. At present he is located at Omaha, Nebraska. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and in politics IS a Republican. OTTO HUGO WANGELIN Otto Hugo Wangelin was born at Lebanon, Illinois, March 2, 1850. His parents, Hugo and Bertha Wangelin, were na- tives of Prussia. He entered McKendree as a student in 1865 and graduated in 1868, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Society. He was married July 17, 1878 to Miss Emma Holbrook of Du Bois, a grad- uate of Monticello Seminary. Of their five children, Lyman died in infancy. The others are Etta May, Mrs. Louise Elliott of Globe, Arizona, Hugo O. Wangelin, of Bishop, California, and Mrs. E. B. Tinker, of Miami, Arizona. Soon after his graduation, Mr. Wangelin was admitted to the bar and practiced law for a year in Edwardsville, Illinois. He then abandoned the legal profession for newspaper work. He went west and for many years was editor and proprietor of the Daily Herald, of Boulder, Colo. He was a member of the Masons, Odd Fellows, and Elks. He continued in the newspaper work till the time of his death. JOHN HARRISON WILSON John Harrison Wilson was born in McLeansboro, Illinois, February 8, 1845. He is a son of John A. and Eliza (Grady) Wilson, who were both born in Shawneetown, Illinois. His fither ' s family originally came from Virginia to Kentucky and thence to Illinois in an early day. He entered McKendree in September, 186 ; and graduated as a member of a class Two Hundred and Eiglit PiMCKENp RE E of sixteen in i868, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. During the vacation of 1867 he was a member of the United States Engineering Corps under General James H. Wilson, of the U. S. A., which surveyed a route tor a proposed ship canal from Lake Michigan to the Gulf. After his graduation he became assistant to the chief engineer m charge of the im- provement of the Rock Island Rapids. Later he was com- missioned inspector of this work. In 1869 he was transferred to the Des Moines Rapids Improvement and remained here until he took up the business of contracting for railroad supplies, which he has followed for thirty-five years, and is now also engaged in the real estate and loan business, with farming as a side line. He became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at McLeansboro September 22, 1878. He has taken little interest in politics, but has always been an advocate of good government. He served for twenty years in the City Council of McLeansboro, and two terms as mayor on the no-license ticket. He was married November 27, 187J, to Alice J. Randall, of Clinton County, Illinois. They have four children, all married: A. F. Wilson, now mayor of McLeansboro, F. R. Wilson, Mrs. A. W. B. John- son, of Birmingham, Alabama, and Mrs. Lester Maxey, of Mt. Vernon, Illinois. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON TYNER William Henry Harrison Tyner was born in Williamson County, Illinois, December 28, 1841. He entered McKendree in September, 1864 and graduated in June, 1868, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of Philo Society. In September, 1868 he joined the Southern Illinois Conference and served the following charges in succession: Dongola Circuit, Mt. Carmel Circuit, the Newton Circuit, and the Pocahontas Circuit. In 1885 he transferred to the South Kansas Conference and McKendree lost sight of him. He was married June 16, 1868, to Miss Rebecca M. McDonald. There is a tradition that he is dead, but we have no reliable information concerning him. JOHN WRIGHT TIPTON John Wright Tipton graduated in the class of 1868, re- ceiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of Philo. When last known, he lived at Elizabethtown, Tennessee. William Henderson Bennett and Wilbur Fiske Goheen were both graduates in law in the year 1868 and received the degree of LL. B. The latter was a member of the Goheen family which was connected with McKendree history through several generations. When last known he lived at Jacksonville, Illinois. THE CLASS OF ISIi ' .i CHARLES WESLEY BLISS Charles Wesley Bliss was born at Fillmore, Montgomery County, Illinois, January 8, 1846. His parents were Rev. Alfred Bliss, a native of Vermont and for many years a member of the Southern Illinois Conference of the M. E. Church, and Mrs. Direxia (Knowles) Bliss, a native of New Hampshire, who came to Montgomery County, Illinois in 1838. Mr. Bliss entered McKendree in the spring of 1864 and graduated in June, 1869, with the degree of A. B. Later he received the degree of A. M. from his alma mater. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He taught school and read law till 1871, when he moved to Hillsboro and opened a law office. He served two terms as city attor- ney of Hillsboro, and two terms as master in chancery of Montgomery County. He was president of the Board of Trustees of the Southern Normal at Carbondale from 1892 to 1896. He has been president of the Hillsboro Board of Education, he has long been a member of the Methodist Church, and is at present a trustee of the church at Hillsboro. He belongs to the Masonic Order and is a Knight Templar and member of the St. Omer Commandery of Litchfield. In 1892 he purchased the Montgomery News, a weekly paper published at Hillsboro and has been editor and proprietor ever since. He was married October 15, 1872 to Miss Eliz- abeth Phillips. They have three children: Nai Celecta, now wife of Dr. H. A. Seymour, of Hillsboro, Clinton P. Bliss, junior editor of the Montgomery News, and Marguerite, now the wife of Ben O. McLean, of Hillsboro, Illinois. During recent years he has been quite faithful in attending the McKendree Home comings. He is an unusually interesting writer and speaker. WILLIAM PITT BRADSHAW William Pitt Bradshaw was born near Fairfield, Illinois April 7, 1846. He was a son of Greenup and Margaret (Bose) Bradshaw, whose ancestors were Kentuckians. He entered McKendree in 1866 and became a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He completed his college course in 1869, receiving the degree of B. S. Before his college days began, he had experience in the Civil War. He went into the army at the age of sixteen and was employed for fourteen months as news carrier and scout. After his graduation, he studied law, was admitted to the bar of Illinois, and began practicing in 1872 in Edwardsville, Illinois, and in 1874, he became the partner of Judge Metcalf in law practice. In 1894 he was a Two Hundred and ?{u lecturer in the McKendree Law School. He was married July i6, 1876, to Miss Sallie H. Harrison. They have two sons, Ernest W. and Courtlandt. Mr. Bradshaw died at Edwardsville, March i, 1904. JAMES M. HAMILL About the beginning of the twentieth century a book of over four hundred pages was written on The Scotch-Irish in History. Its purpose was to show that much of the worth- while achievement in the world has been accomplished by men and women of that famous an- cestry. In this class was James Miller Hamill, born near Gar- vagh, Londonderry County, Ireland, November 28, 1840. He was the youngest of the eight children of William Kennedy and Elizabeth(Crawford) Ham ■ ill.When only seven yearsof age became with his father and some of his brothers and sisters to America. His mother had previously died in Ireland. They lived for a time at Port Kennedy, near Philadelphia, with rela- tives who had preceded them to America, and then came to Illi- nois and settled on a farm near Freeburg, in St. Clair County. James M. attended the public schools in Belleville and acquir- ed sufficient preparation to teach a country school. He had an earnest desire for education and the equipment that would enable him to achieve some- thing worth-while in life. Ac- cordingly, he earned the money, by teaching, to pay his way thru college. He first entered McKendree in the fall of 1861 and joined the Philosophian Literary Society the same year. That was the year the Civil War broke out and patriotism flowed freely on College Hill. The following year the Mc- Kendree Regiment, the one hundred and seventeenth Illi- nois, was organized with Professor Risdon M. Moore as colonel. On August i?,, 1862, Mr. Hamill enlisted in Com- pany C of this regiment for three years, or the duration of ( 4r 0 ■ ' e C 1 A 4 e. e:s r ; 1 n the war. He fearlessly and faithfully endured the hardships and dangers of soldier life until the end of the war. His war experiences in:luded a part in the famous Red River expe- dition under General Banks, the battle of Nashville, under General A. J. Smith, the battle of Tupelo, Mississippi, and the attack on Fort Blakely, which was in fact the last battle of the war. He was mustered out in 1865 and immediately returned to McKendree to re- sume his interrupted college course, which he pursued con- tinuously, except for one year of school teaching, until 1869, when he finished the course, receiving the degree of Bach- elor of Arts and the first honors of his class. While in college he boarded for a time in the home of Professor Deneen, and there formed a friendship with his son, Charles S. Deneen, now United States Senator from Illi- nois. He was a member of the convention which nominated Mr. Deneen for Governor of Illinois, and in 1910 was ap- pointed by Governor De- neen as a delegate to the National Conference on Uni- form State Laws at Wash- ington, D. C. Mr. Hamill was a loyal and enthusiastic Philo. In writ- ing about his McKendree days he says, While in college I was regular in my atten- dance at the meetings of the Philosophian Society, and do not remember ever asking to be excused from any performance, unless on account of sickness. I was just unsophisticated enough to think that every duty assigned by the society or any of its officers must be strictly performed even to the extent of the heroic duty of escorting the ' oldest girl in town ' to a ' select per- formance ' when I was appointed to perform that severe task. I was president of the organization more than once, and from president to janitor was the custom invariably followed. 1 filled the position of critic more frequently than any other CLASS OF 1S6() 2. Cyrus Happy j. Wm. P. Bradshaw 4. James H J M Hamill 6. A. McConaughty 7. David Logan 8. N. J. Shepherd 9. Samuel Young Two Hundred and Ten office and liked it better. Next to the college, the society ,ind Its library possessed the greatest interest and charm for me, for there knowledge with her ample page, rich with the spoils of time, to my enraptured mind did freely unroll ' . After the commencement of 1869, Mr. Hamill immediately began studying law in the office of his brother, William, at McLeansboro, and was admitted to the bar October 26, 1870. It was during that year that he became junior partner in the law firm of Crebs, Conger, and Hamill, at Carmi, Illinois. While a member of this firm he assisted m securing the right of way for the St. Louis and Southeastern Railway Company, and thus became acquainted with General Edward F. Wmslow, one of the builders of the road. This acquaint- ance resulted m his being employed as attorney for the rail- road company, and later when the property was acquired by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad Company, he was appointed district attorney for that company, and occupied this position over a period of fifty years until his death. In addition to this position he also served as district attorney for the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis from about iqoo to iqio. He was married November 8, 1877 to Miss Agnes Lillian Pace, a daughter of Charles T. Pace, of Mt. Vernon., Illinois. She also attended McKendree and graduated in the class of 1873. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society at McKendree. She has nearly all her life been a Methodist and a prominent worker in the various lines of church activ- ity. She has been president of the Women ' s Foreign Mis- sionary Society of the First Methodist Church of Belleville for many years. Mr. and Mrs. Hamill had two sons. Edward W. was born in Belleville, December 26, 1878. He graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan University near the head of his class in 1901, and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. The next year he took a degree at Harvard, and after two years of teaching at Harvard and Ohio Wesleyan, he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and graduated in Architectural Engineering in 1907. But after a brief exper- ience in architectural work he found that teaching had a stronger appeal for him than any other vocation. He taught in the Yeatman High School in St. Louis, and was engaged to teach in the Ohio Wesleyan University for the school year of 1909-10, but what seemed an unusually promising career was cut off by his early death, which occurred June 29, 1909. The younger son, Charles P. Hamill, was born in Belleville, September 23, 1882. He graduated from the Belleville High School, and then from the Ohio Wesleyan University m 190; , from Harvard m 1904, and from the Harvard Law School in 191 1. Since that time he had been practicing law, in partnership with his father until the latter ' s death in 1919, and since that time, alone. He succeeded his father as District Attorney for Illinois for the Louisville and Nashville Rail- road Company. He has been for some years a member of the Board of Trustees of McKendree College, and is niw a member of the Executive Committee. We quote from a letter written by Senator Charles S. Deneen, at that time president of the Board of Trustees of McKendree College, to Mrs. Hamill and her son, Charles P. Hamill, acknowledging their gift to the college to endow a chair of English Literature in memory of James M. Hamill. They (the Joint Board of Trustees and Visitors) are pleased, too, that a chair is to be endowed in memory of Mr. James M. Hamill, who represented in his student life, his patriotic service to his coun- try and in his professional career, the highest type of manhood and service. . . .My memory of Mr. Hamill runs back to my earliest childhood and he was one of my best friends. I am glad to know that his name is to be associated forever with the college. Mr. Hamill was a member of the Illinois State Bar Asso- ciation, a Mason, and for many years prior to his death, a trustee of McKendree. His death occurred at his home in Belleville, October 4, 1919. CYRUS HAPPY Cyrus Happy was born January 28, 1845, in Perry County, Illinois. He is a son of Burgin and Mary (Williams) Happy, who were both born in Kentucky. He entered McKendree in 1866 and graduated in 1869, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He was married September 11, 1879, to Miss Minna Prickett. They have four children, Mrs. Claudine Kaufman, of Marshfield, Oregon, Mrs. Eloise Richards, of Spokane, Washington, Cyrus, Jr., and John. The older of the sons studied law in the University of Chicago. Mr. Happy has made the law his vocation since 1871, when he was admitted to the bar in Illinois. He was a presidential elector in 1876. He has been a member of the Masonic Lodge since 1869. He has for a long time been the senior member of a prominent law firm in Spokane, Washington. DAVID LOGAN David Logan was born at Flora, Illinois, February 22, 1840. His ancestors were of English and Scotch origin. He Two Hundred and Elei p c KENDRE entered McKendree in 1865 and graduated in i86g, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. After his graduation he engaged in educational work. He was a teacher for twenty-two years: then was manager of a lumber yard at Edinburg, Illinois for twelve years. He retired from business in 1902. He is a Methodist and a Mason, and has made good in every position he has held. He was married August 20, 1874, and has three children now living, all of whom are graduates of the University of Illinois. His oldest son, who was a railroad mail clerk, was killed at the Union Station, St. Louis, December 24, 1910. His other son is an engineer now employed at Panama. His eldest daughter is married to Prof. C. S. Montooth, an Illinois school superintendent. His younger daughter, Grace, has been employed as dietician at the Reading Hospital in Pennsylvania. JAMES H. THOMAS James Harrison Thomas was born December 2, 1848 at Belleville, lUinois. He entered McKendree in 1865 and grad- uated in 1869, receiving the degree of B. S. He studied law for two years in the ofEce of Judge Underwood and was admitted to the bar in 1871. He practiced law for a time in East St. Louis and then changed to a business career. He was connected with a drug firm in Belleville for some years, but later went west. His death occurred at Denver, Colo- rado, December 20, 1915. He was married June 30, 1880, to Miss Hattie P. Sargent of the class of 1875, who survived him. N. J. SHEPHERD Nehemiah John Shepherd was born at Lebanon, Illinois, October 7, 1850. His parents, T. H. and E. A. Shepherd, were both American. He entered McKendree as a student in September, 1864, and graduated in June, 1869, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married May 22, 1872, to Pamelia J. Ralls, near Red Bud, Illinois. They have five sons and three daugh- ters, all living. His occupation during the years has been farming and doing the work of agricultural editor. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for seven- teen consecutive years has been secretary of Ionia Lodge No. 381, A. F. is ' A. M. He has also been secretary, ever since it was organized, of the Eldon Chapter, No. 128, of Royal Arch Masons. He has been secretary for thirteen years of Eldon Lodge No. 462, I. O. O. F. He is a member of the Prairie Encampment, No. 86, I. O. O. F., and has been secretary of that body ever since it was organized. He has been a Notary Public for many years. In politics he is a Democrat. He moved to Miller County, Missouri in 1880, and now resides in Eldon. SAMUEL YOUNG Samuel Young was born February 10, 1847. He graduated from McKendree in the class of 1869, receiving the degree of B. S. He belonged to the Platonian Society. He was for many years engaged in the banking business in HiUsboro, Illinois. His death occurred January 5, 1881. FRANK A. McCONAUGHY Frank Alexander McConaughy was born at Lititz, Lan- caster County, Pennsylvania, December 25, 1849. His pat ' ents were Dr. John B. and Mrs. Elizabeth (Martin) Mc Conaughy, both of Scotch-Irish descent. He came with his parents to Illinois at the age of five and from that time on his home was at Belleville. He first became a student in McKendree in the early sixties while his father was a surgeon in the Union Army. He graduated in 1869, with the degree of A. B., and received the Master ' s degree a few years later. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He studied law with Judge William H. Underwood and was admitted to the bar in Illinois in 1871. Later he was admitted to practice in the Federal Courts, including the Supreme Court of the United States. He practiced law in Belleville until he moved to New York City in 1908, and since then he has been connected with one of the leading law firms as consulting counsel. In 1877 was elected city attorney of Belleville. For one year he was judge advocate general of the Illinois Division of the Sons of Veterans. He has been a prominent figure in many Republican conventions, and chairman of several. In one of these he was offered the nom- ination for Congress, but declined. He was one of the early members of the Illinois State Bar Association, and is now a member of the New York State Bar. He has made numerous public addresses, some of which have been published. He is not a member of any lodge or church, but usually attends the Presbyterian Church. He was married October 28, 1875, to Miss Lucy Wait Thomas, of Belleville. They have five sons and two daughters, all living except the second son, who died at the age of twenty-seven. The other four sons are all engaged in business or professional activities. The daughters are still living at home with their parents. THE CLASS OF 1870 JOSEPH G. ALLYN Joseph Goodnow Allyn was born at East Greenwich, Rhode Island, April i, 1849. He is a son of Rev. Dr. Robert and Mary (Budington) Allyn. His father was for many years a prominent member of the Southern Illinois Confer ' Two Hundred and Twelve S:£ ence of the M. E. Church, and for eleven years president of McKendree College, He became a student in McKendree about the same time his father became president in 1864. He received the degree of A. B. in 1870, and later, A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. For two years after his graduation he taught Natural Science m East Greenwich (Rhode Island) Academy; he then studied a year in the School of Mines of Columbia College, New York. In 1873, he was elected professor of Chemistry in the Northwestern University at Evanston. He retired from active service and lived in Chicago for some years before his death, which occurred about 191 5. BENTON AXTELL Daniel Benton Axtell was born at Elyria, Ohio, April 29, 1850. His father, Almon Axtell, was a native of Massa- chusetts. His mother, Sophronia Boynton, was from Maine. One of her ancestors came over in the Mayflower. In i860 the family moved from Ohio to St. Joseph, Missouri. There he attended the public school, and also received private instruction in the higher branches. In 1868 they moved to Lebanon that the son and daughter might attend McKendree. He graduated in 1870, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He studied civil engineering and was employed by the Iron Mountain Railroad. In 1880 he moved to Texas, and was the engineer in charge of the building of the Cotton Belt Railroad from Corsicana to Waco. Afterward he was employed on the construction of the Southern Pacific Rail- road, then commonly known as the Sunset Route; and while taking up an estimate in a deep cut he was overcome by the heat, from the effects of which he died at Del Rio, Texas, June 20, 1882. He left a widow and two small boys. His wife before her marriage, was Miss Ninevah Allen, a native of Fredericktown, Missouri. Mr. Axtell was one of the editors of the McKendree Repository during his last year in college. In March, 1870, he was elected president of the Platonian Literary Society. The subject of his grad- uating oration was Esthetic Emotions. PROF. JAMES H. BROWNLEE James Henry Brownlee was born in Livonia, Indiana, De ' cember 29, 1846. His father, Rev. James Brownlee, born in 1812, in Ireland of Scotch parentage, was a Presbyterian minister. His mother, Lavinia (McClung) Brownlee, was born in Cynthiana, Kentucky, in 1817. James Henry became a student in McKendree in the fall of 1866, and graduated in the class of 1870, receiving the degree of B. S. He was granted the degree of Master of Arts by his alma mater in 1876. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He has been engaged in teaching ever since his graduation. He was two years principal of the Shiloh, Illinois schools; two years in a similar position at Grayville; fourteen years professor of Elocution and English Literature at the Southern Illinois Normal School at Carbondale; nine years professor of Oratory and Rhetoric at the University of Illinois; two years professor of Elocution in the Charleston, IlUnois State Normal; three years professor of Elocution in McKendree College; and seven years professor of Elocution and English Literature in Epworth University at Oklahoma City, Okla. He IS the author of two books, Martial Recitations for the Veteran ' s Camp Fire and Wartime Echoes. The latter has reference to the Spanish War. He was a member of the G. A. R. and the Presbyterian Church. He was married December 25:, 1873, to Miss Sarah Carey, of Grayville, Illi- nois. They have two daughters, Elizabeth Emma and Mary Lavinia. The latter is now Mrs. George Frederickson. Mr. Brownlee ' s death occurred only a few years ago, but we do not have the exact date. THOMAS ELAM Thomas Elam was born in Fayette County, Illinois, Octo- ber 22, 1843. He is a son of Rev. William and Mary Elam. His father was a minister of the Dunkard church and a native of Virginia; his mother was from Tennessee. He entered McKendree in 1861 and remained two terms. He then went to California. In 1865 he returned to Illinois and re-entered college. He made his way through college by teaching and farming. He taught several terms in Madison and St. Clair Counties. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He graduated in the class of 1870, receiving the degree of B. S. He studied law in Vandalia, Illinois, and was admitted to the bar in 1873. He located in Clinton, Missouri, where he practiced law many years. A few years ago he returned to Vandalia where he resided with his sister, Mrs. Victoria Guffey, until the time of his death which occurred recently. Mr. Elam never married. EDITH M. FLINT Edith Maria Flint was born near Lebanon, Illinois, Feb- ruary 16, 1845, and died in Lebanon, November 10, 1898. She was a daughter of William and Mary Flint who were of English descent and came to the vicinity of Lebanon in 1842. She graduated from McKendree in the class of 1870, receiving the degree of B. S., and in 1873, M. S. She was one of the founders of the Clionian Literary Society and was the first woman to graduate from McKendree as a reg- ular student. After spending a few years in teaching, she was married to the Rev. L. W. Thrall, of the Southern Two Hundred and Th .:s: : S s Illinois Conference, September 29, 1873,. She was the mother of one daughter, Edith Laura, and four sons, Victor W., William F., Charles H., and Harold L., all of whom are graduates of McKendree. She spent her life as the diligent helper of her husband in the work of the ministry. She took a prominent part in the work of the Woman ' s Foreign Mis- sionary Society, and the Woman ' s Christian Temperance Union. Her funeral was held in the college chapel. OSCAR B. GRIFFIN Oscar Benjamin Griffin was a member of the class of 1870 and received the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philo Society. When he came to McKendree he registered from St. Morgan. We have no record as to how he spent the two years which intervened between his grad- uation and his death in 1872. THOMAS H. McBRIDE Thomas Harrison McBride was born near Belleville, Illi- nois, April 15, 1847. His parents were William John and Dovey (Harrison) McBride, who were both Americans. He entered McKendree in 1867 and graduated in June, 1870, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philo- sophian Literary Society. He took a medical course at the St. Louis Medical College, receiving the degree of M. D. from that institution in 1874. He was married May 6, 1874, at Joliet, Illinois, to Miss Mary Hardy. To them were born three children. He began the practice of medicine at Joliet in September of the same year, and continued in this pro- fession until his death, which occurred December 19, 1881. He was a member of the Richard Street Methodist Church. WILLIAM M. ROBINSON William Melrose Robinson was a member of the class of 1870. He received the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He belonged to the Philosophian Society. He afterward studied law, and practiced his profession in the city of Lawrence- ville. 111. We have no information as to the time of his death. HENRY SEITER Henry Seiter was born at Lebanon, Illinois, September 22, 184 ' i. His parents were Michael and Eliwbeth Seiter, the former of German and the latter of English ancestry. He entered McKendree in 1866 and graduated in June, 1870, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Pla- tonian Literary Society. He took a law course in the Uni- versity of Michigan, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was in the banking and real estate business in Lebanon for many years. He was a member of the lower house of the Illinois Legislature, 1878 to 1880, and of the state senate from 1882 to 1890. In 1884, he wa.s the Democratic nominee for Lieu- tenant-Governor of Illinois. He is a thirty second degree Mason. He was twice married — to Alice I. Radefeldt in 1872, and after her death to Mamie Badley, in 1879. Of the first marriage was born one son, Victor M., and of the sec- ond, two sons, Orville R. and Fay E. Seiter. Mr. Seiter was for many years a trustee of McKendree, and for a term of years was secretary of that body. He was also a member of the executive committee. He now (1928) resides with his son, Victor, at Kansas City, Mo. DR. EUGENE L. STOKER Eugene Lecompte Stoker, son of William and Martha Ann Stoker, was born at Louisville, Illinois, August 14, 1S50 and died at Centralia, Illinois, September 30, 1900. He received his early education in the pubUc schools of Centralia where his parents took up their residence when he was but a lad. He graduated from McKendree in 1870, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He studied law in the office of his father at Centralia and in due time was admitted to the bar of Illinois. He practiced his profession in Centralia until 1892 when he moved to Chicago and spent the remainder of his life in the legal profession in that city. He held the office of state ' s attorney of Marion County and was for one term he was a member of the state Legislature. He was married to Miss Maggie McKnight of Centralia. To them was born one son, William McKnight Stoker. Mr. Stoker was a member of the Meth- odist Church and a thirty-third degree Mason. He has held the office of Past Grand High Priest of Southern Illinois in that order. SAMUEL P. SPARKS Samuel Preston Sparks was born in Surry County, North Carolina, January i, 1844. He attended Chapel Hill College in Lafayette County, Missouri for one year; but at outbreak of the Civil War, he left college to enlist in the Union Army. He served three years in Fifth Missouri Cavalry. After the war he taught school for a time, then entered McKendree and graduated in 1870, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. He then studied law and for a time attended the St. Louis Law School. He afterwards located at Warrens- burg, Missouri for the practice of his profession. He served four years as clerk of the County Court of Johnson County, Missouri, and two terms in the Missouri State Senate. He was a lawyer of marked ability. His death occurred .it his home in Warrensburg, September 16, 1892. REV. DR M P WILKIN Milton Perry Wilkin was born in Crawford County, Illi- nois, August 17, 1846. He IS next to the youngest of the Tu ' O Hundred and Fourteen s:2: nine children of Isaac and Sarah (Burner) Wilkm, who were of German descent, horn m Virginia, moved to Ohio, and afterward came to IlHnois in 1845. He entered McKendree as a student in March, 1868, and graduated in June, 1870, re- ceiving the degree of B. S. Later he received the degrees of A. M. and D. D. from Chaddock College. While in McKendree he was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married October 25, 1871, to Miss Jennie Greer. They have no children. After leaving McKendree, he taught school for a year, then joined the Southern Illinois Conference. He was transferred to the Illinois Conference m 1882, and continued m the regular work till 1909, when he took the superannuate relation and located at Urbana, Illinois. He has done much Chautauqua work, both as manager and lecturer. He has served as platform director of the Chautauqua at Havana, Illinois, and at Piasa Chautauqua in Jersey County, Illinois. Among his most popular lectures are the following: What Will You Take, What is the Matter with the World, Stars to Sail By, Scraps of Experience and Hints to Teachers, etc., etc. He has also done much campaigning and lecturing in the interest of temperance and prohibition. His death occurred April i , 1926. THE CLASS OF 1871 DR. LYMAN A. BERGER Lyman Adams Berger was born at Lebanon, Illinois, No ' vember 22, i8 ' ?4. He was the oldest son of Dr. Adolph Berger, who came from Germany and became one of the early residents of Lebanon, and was the leading physician of the town for many years. He grew up in his native town and received his education in the Lebanon public schools and McKendree College, where he graduated in the class of 1871 with the degree of A. B. He immediately entered the St. Louis Medical College and received the degree of M. D. from that institution in 1874. After practicing his profession two years, he went west on account of failing health. He spent several years in Idaho and then located in Kansas City, Missouri in 1880. In 1886 he went to Europe with his father, and remained there long enough to take a special course in obstetrics in the Universities of Berlin and Vienna. He then returned to Kansas City, where he engaged in the general practice of medicine and surgery until the time of his death July 8, 1897. He has held the following positions at various times in his career: chief of staff of the German Hospital, Kansas City; professor of Obstretics m the University Medical College of Kansas City; secretary of the State Medical Society of Missouri ; vice-president of the Pan-American Medical Congress at Washington, D. C. m iSqi. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society, Knight Templars, Shnners and Knights of Pythias. He was married December ji, 187=;, to Miss Lillie E. Dausm.m of St. Louis, who died m i88s. Their three children are: Mrs. G. W. Thaxter, Roswell, New Mexico, Mrs. E. P. Allen, K.msas City, Mo., and Miss Grace Berger, who was for some time a member of the staff of the Kansas City Public Library. JOHN H. BLUME John H. Blume was born July 10, iS ' jo, at Pleasant Ridge, Madison County, Illinois, and died in the summer of 1873. He was of German parentage. His father was John H; Blume, Sr., and his mother, Christine (Dierking) Blume. He had two sisters, Mrs. C. F. Kayser, of Edwardsville, and Louise C. Blume, of Fort Wayne, Indiana, and one brother, Wm. F. Blume, of Granite City, Illinois. He became a student m McKendree in September, 186 ;, when he was only fifteen years of age, and graduated m the Classical Course, as the valedictorian of his class, in 1871, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society, and was elected president of that body in his senior year. He was never married, though at the time of his death was engaged to an excellent Christian young woman. After his graduation in 1871, he was elected professor of Ancient Languages m Jennings Seminary at Aurora, Illinois. Here he taught for two years, while in the same school the sciences were taught by his fellow McKendrean, Daniel B. Parkinson, later president of the Southern Illinois Normal University. He was elected for the third year, but died at his father ' s home after a brief illness, shortly before the opening of the next school year. He was a devout Christian and a faithful member of the Methodist Church. He was prepared for the great change and closed his eyes on the scenes of earth exhorting his loved ones to meet him in the Heavenly home. JOHN M. BROOKS John Melville Brooks was born at Townsend, Massachu- setts, February 12, 1850. He was descended from a distin- guished New England family. One of his ancestors, John Brooks, LL. D., served m the Revolutionary War and in the War of 1812, and for six years was Governor of Massa- chusetts. The parents of the subject of this sketch were John C. and Lefy (Hart) Brooks, who were both natives of Massachusetts. He prepared for college at Lawrence Academy at Groton, and Wesleyan Academy at Wilbraham, Massachusetts. He then came west, entered McKendree and graduated in 1871 with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After his Two Hundred and Fifteen - :s: e s graduation he taught school a year near Lebanon, and then entered the Law Department of Michigan University at Ann Arbor. He was admitted to the bar in 1874, and located at Saginaw, Michigan, where he spent the remainder of his life in the practice of law. He was a man of unusual ability in the line of his chosen profession, and was highly esteemed by his contemporaries for his noble character. He might have had a brilliant political career had he not steadfastly refused political honors. He was president of the Saginaw Valley Bar Association. He died very suddenly of heart failure, March 26, 1903. He was married July 6, 1876, to Miss Luella J. Dadmun of Boston, who still lives in Saginaw, Michigan. Of their four children, two are still living: William C. Brooks, of Portland, Oregon, and Melville D. Brooks, who is practicing law in Saginaw, Michigan. JOHN H. BAIRD John Hardin Baird was born in Sparta, Illinois, January 25, 1850, and died at Emporia, Kansas, April 16, 1903, at the home of Mr. and Mrs. T. L. McDill. His parents, John and Lucinda (Morrow) Baird, were both of Scotch-English ancestry and were born in the early part of the last century. His father was engaged in mercantile business for some years, both in Sparta and Pinckneyville, Illinois. He also served several terms as district judge in Illinois. John H. was one of a family of nine children, three of whom died in infancy, and three others before their parents. None of them were ever married, and John H. was the last of the family. He entered McKendree in the late sixties and graduated in the class of 1871, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He went to Emporia, Kansas in the early seventies, and was engaged in mercantile business there till the time of his decease. He did not belong to any lodge, but was a member of the Presbyterian Church. DANIEL H. DELZELL Daniel Holly Delzell was born in Walker County, Georgia, September 9, 1849. He graduated from McKendree in 1871, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He taught school for a year after his grad- uation and was also reading law with the intention of making that his vocation, when his promising career was cut short by the grim reaper. He died at the home of his father at Wakefield, Illinois, May 9, 1872. The testimony of one who knew him well was that he was an earnest Christian. JOHN C. DELZELL John Carter Delzell was born in McMinn County, East Tennessee, July 5, 1847. He graduated from McKendree with the degree of B. S. m 1871, and later, received the Master ' s Degree. He was a member of the Platonian Society. He was married to Lourenia B. Gillison, July 5, 1874 After his , graduation he spent one year in teaching, seven years as deputy clerk of Richland County, and one year as collector of Olney Township. At this time, his health having failed, he went to live on his farm near Wakefield, Illinois, where he spent the brief remainder of his life. He died July 11, 1 88 1. He was a member of the Methodist Church and a local preacher, exercising his gifts in this line as opportunity offered, as long as his health permitted. THOMAS E. KNOX Thomas Ewing Knox, A. B., St. Paul, Minnesota. We have no information concerning him since the time of his graduation. JAMES P. LYTLE James Pollack Lytle was born in Troy, lUinois, November 12, 1848, and died at Princeton, Illinois, April 19, 1902. He was a son of Dr. F. W. Lytle who was formerly a physician in Lebanon, 111. He graduated from McKendree in 1871, receiving the degree of A. B. He attended the St. Louis Medical College, where he received the degree of M. D. He was married in 1877, to a Miss Sawyer, of Tiskilwa, Illinois. To them were born three children, Blanche F., Ralph S., and James Albert. He practiced medicine at Princeton, Illinois for over twenty years, and was a prominent member of the profession. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a Knight Templar in the Masonic Order. JOHN C. EDWARDS John Columbus Edwards was born in Monroe County, Tennessee, January 11, 1849. His father, Thomas Edwards, was from North Carolina, and his mother, Margaret (Stephenson) Edwards, was a native of Tennessee. He entered McKendree in 1868, and received the degree of B. S. in 1871, and LL. B. in 1873. He was a member of the Philo- sophian Society. In 1882, he was married to Miss Lizzie R. Elliott. Their two sons are Hugh and John C. Mr. Edwards followed the profession of law, beginning his practice in McLe.msboro, Illinois. He held the office of state ' s attorney of Hamilton County for two terms, and was county judge of the same county for two terms also. He held an important appointment in the Treasury Department during the second Cleveland administration. At the expiration of his term of office h e moved from Washington, D. C. to Chicago, where he engaged in the practice of law. In this city he died November 17, 1905. He was buried at McLeansboro, which was regarded as the home town of the family. Here the chil- Two Hundred and Sixteen dren grew to manhood, and here was the home from which three brothers went to McKendree College, graduated, and went out to hless the world with their influence. Judge Ed ' wards was, from childhood, a member of the Methodist Church, but after his removal to Washington, he became a member of the Episcopal Church. ABRAM G. GORDON Abram Gooding Gordon was born m Randolph County, Illinois, November 6, 1849. His parents were of Scotch and German ancestry. His father. Rev. H. S. Gordon, was a farmer and a pioneer minister of the Free Baptist Church in Southern Illinois. His Scottish ancestors came to America before the Revolutionary War. Young Abram entered Mc- Kendree in 1868 and graduated in 1871, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Society. Since then he has practiced law, and has been connected with many of the business enterprises of Chester, Illinois, where he has resided for the past thirty years. He and his son, Eugene R. Gordon, organized and operated the Gordon Telephone Com- pany Exchange at Chester. He was a member of the Baptist Church, independent in politics, and belonged to the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows. He died Dec. 20, 1917. WILLIAM E. McBRIDE William Erastus McBride was born near Belleville, August I, 1849. He was a son of William J. and Dovey H. McBride, who were both Americans. After attending the Belleville high school, he entered McKendree in 1868 and graduated m 187 1, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was married Septem- ber I, 1875, to Miss Virginia Thatcher, of the class of 1872. To them were born four children: Dovey, now Mrs. D. M. Church, Thomas, now residing on the McBride farm near Belleville, Olive, and Sadie, now Mrs. E. R. Crisp. All but one of these have been students in McKendree. Mr. McBride ' s business was that of farmer and stockman. He was a member and an active worker in the Methodist Church. He was for many years Sunday School Superinten- dent. Largely through his influence a church was built on a portion of the McBride farm. He died January 3, 189J. CHARLES W. WOOLVERTON Charles William Woolverton was born at Belvidere, Illi- nois, February 27, 1847 and died November 10, 1895, at Tuscola, Illinois. His parents were Charles W. and Amanda H. Woolverton. He became a student in McKendree in 1866 and graduated in 1871, with the degree of A. B. Three years later he received the degree of A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He studied law, was ad ' mitted to the bar, and began the practice of his profession in Tuscola, Illinois. He was soon a prominent figure in the courts of Douglass County, He was married June 12, 1888, to Mrs. Elizabeth C. Remine, who was at that time the official court reporter of the Judicial District composed of Douglass, Coles, and Edgar Counties. Their only daughter is now Mrs. Lutie Woolverton Rice. He was for ten years a member of the law firm of Bundy and Woolverton, and after the death of Mr. Bundy he carried on the extensive practice himself, without taking another partner. The nu- merous resolutions adopted by the courts, lodges, etc., etc., with which he was connected, indicate the high esteem in which he was held. He attended the Presbyterian Church and was a member of the Camargo Lodge No. 440, A. F. ? A. M., Tuscola Chapter No. 66, Royal Arch Masons, and Melita Commandery No. 37, Tuscola, Illinois. Mrs. Wool- verton is still living and makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. R. F. Rice, at Rossville, Illinois. JUDGE COLUMBUS A. KELLER Columbus Alonzo Keller was born near Mt. Vernon, Illinois, November 24, 185 1 and died at his home m San Antonio, Texas, in February, 1918. He entered McKendree in 1869, being admitted to the Junior Class on examination, and graduated in 1871, with the degree of B. S. He was a Philo. For the next two years he was a student in the Law School of the University of Michigan. He was admitted to the bar at Ottawa, Illinois, September 14, 1873. He was elected county judge of Jefferson County in 1877, which position he held for five years. In 1 885 he moved to San Antonio, Texas, seeking a climate more favorable to his wife ' s health. His wife was formerly Nellie Raymond, of Lebanon. This change doubtless prolonged her life, but she died in 191 1, leaving one daughter, now Mrs. D. P. Allen, of San Antonio. Mr. Keller ' s second wife was Miss Essie F. Haynes, of San Antonio, who survived him. In McKendree he was a hard working student. He was president of Philo, a member of the editorial staff of the McKendree Repository, and in his senior year was elected president of the College Association. In later life he was a prominent lodge man. He was a Knight Templar, a Shriner, and a thirty-third degree Scottish Rite Mason. In 1882, he was chosen State Grand Master of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for Illinois. In 1912, he was chosen Grand Sire of that order for the World, in the convention at Winnipeg, Canada. He was also an active member of the Methodist Church, and a Democrat in politics. Two Hundred jnd Seve Reunion of the class of 187 From left to right — WiUiam Edgar Ward, Charles Spies, Ellen Cecilia Axtell, George W Virginia Laura Thatcher (Mrs. W. E. McBride), William Austin Ke THE CLASS OF 1872 ELLEN S. ALLYN Ellen Sophronia Allyn was born in East Greenwich, Rhode Island, June 5, 1852. Her father. Rev. Dr. Robert Allyn, who was born in Ck)nnecticut and died at Carbondale, 111., was president of McKendree College from i86j to 1874. Her mother, Mary B. Budington, was born in Leyden, Mass., and died in Carbondale, 111. From 1857 to 1859, Ella lived at Athens, Ohio, where her father was professor of Language in the Ohio University; and from 1859 to i86j at Cincinnati, where he was president of the Wesleyan Female College. During the first six years of her residence in Lebanon she attended a private school conducted by Mrs. Helen Finley Keeney and her sister, daughters of Dr. James C. Finley, a former president of McKendree. She became a student in McKendree in 1869, and graduated in 1872. She was the first woman to receive the A. B. degree from the college. She was devoted to the interests of the Clionian Society, which she joined soon after its organization. When Dr. Allyn became president of the Southern Illinois Normal School at Carbondale, she removed to that place with her father ' s family, and for the remainder of her father ' s lifetime, devoted much of her time to assisting him in the duties of his office. She was for many years a teacher in the Sunday School of the Methodist Church at Carbondale. Her death occurred several years ago. 2 held at McKendree in 191 2 illiam Flint, Leonidas Worthy Thrall, D. D., Thomas Jefferson Porter, :lsoe, Charles Shuman, George Key Edwards, Walter Watson, M. D. ELLEN C. AXTELL Ellen Cecelia Axtell was born at Elyria, Ohio, April 3, 1845. She was of New England ancestry. Her parents were Almon and Sophronia (Boynton) Axtell, the former a native of Massachusetts and the latter of Maine. Philip De La Noye (later anglicized to Delano) one of her ancestors on the moth- er ' s side, came to America in the ship Fortune which followed the Mayflower. His grandson married a grand ' daughter of Bettie Alden, the oldest child of John Alden and Priscilla. Miss Axtell ' s grandmother Boynton ' s maiden name was Delano and she was thus descended from the famous New England Aldens. In i860 her parents moved to St. Joseph, Missouri, and eight years later, to Lebanon, Illinois. Here both she and her brother, Benton, became students in McKendree. He finished in the class of 1870, and she in 1872. After that. Miss Axtell taught five years in the public schools of St. Louis. In 1877, she gave up teaching on account of her health, and a little later went to Cleveland, Ohio, and studied art. Upon the death cf her brother in 1882, she went to Waco, Texas to live with his family. Soon afterward the teacher of art in Baylor University died, and Miss Axtell was appointed to the position. Two years later her mother died, and she went to live with her sister in St. Louis. There she attended the St. Louis Art School for two years, and then opened a studio, first in her own home and then at the Two Hundred and Eighteen MC KENDREE Y. M. C A. Building, where she taught various Hnes of art work. After working m St. Louis a number of years, she returned to Texas, still pursuing her favorite vocation. She made a specialty of china painting. She came to Lebanon to attend the reunion of the class of 1872 on the fortieth anni- versary of their graduation. Her death occurred at Magnolia, Texas, February 24, 1917. DR. AUGUSTUS C. BERNAYS Augustus Charles Bernays was born at Highland, Mad- ison County, Illinois, October 16, i8 ' ;4. He attended the schools of St. Louis during the Civil War, and after the removal of his family toLeb anon, he became a student m the Preparatory Depart - mentofMcKendreeCollege. He completed the Classical Course and received the de- gree of A. B. in 1872. He was a member of the Platonian Society. He was the young- est member of the class and was still under eighteen at the time of his graduation. The following autumn he went to Germany to pursue his medical studies. He entered Heidelburg University and four years later received the degree of M. D. summa cum laude, being the first American to graduate from this famous university with highest honors. He then spent a year in post graduate studies and hospital work in Heidelburg, Berlin, and Vienna. Also, m England he succeeded in becoming a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in London. In 1877 he came to St. Louis to take up his life work as a specialist in surgery. He was a pioneer in abdominal surgery, introduced antiseptic treat- ment in this country, and invented surgical instruments now used the world over. He was a teacher many years. First in the St. Louis College of Physicians and Surgeons, and later in the Marion-Simms Medical College, which is now the Medical Department of St. Louis University. Dr. Willard Bartlett of St. Louis said of him- He had more gifts of various kinds than any man I ever knew. He ranked high as an investigator, operator, and teacher. While in my eyes, his greatest merit lay in his ability as an operator — in his being able to do things successfully which others refused to attempt — he was also a great teacher. DR. BERNAYS Dr. G. G. Cottam of South Dakota, a pupil of his, gives the following testimony of his ability as a teacher: He pre- sented the plain, unvarnished truth without affect.ition and so convincingly that to hear him was to believe him. In the early nineties, when I first heard him, he was lecturing on pathological anatomy; later clinical surgery was added, and his fourfold qualification as embryologist, anatomist, path- ologist, and surgeon, of each of which he was a master, enabled him to deal with his subject in a manner wholly impossible for one lacking m any of these four closely con- nected branches. Dr. Bernays was never married, but maintained a well equipped home which was presided over by his sister, Thekla, who was a student in McKendree with him, and remained with him to the end of his career, devoting herself to his comfort. She accompanied him on several trips to Europe and on a trip to Japan, and after his death, which occurred in May, 1Q17, she wrote his biography m a very interesting volume, to which we refer the reader for further information about this remarkable man. LOUIS F. BOHM Louis Frederick Bohm was born on a farm near Edwards- viUe, Illinois, November 18, 1849. His parents were natives of Germany. Louis completed the classical course at McKen- dree in 1872 and received the degree of A. B. After his grad- uation he taught in a country school two years, and the following year was appointed to teach in the Edwardsville High School. Early in the spring of 1874, he was compelled to give up his school work on account of failing health, and died April i, of that year. At college Mr. Bohm excelled especially in the languages. Not only was he a master of German, his mother tongue, but also ranked high in Greek and Latin. He never married. GEORGE K. EDWARDS George Key Edwards, A. M., of the class of 72, was born December jo, 1846, near Madisonville, Monroe County, Tennessee. He is the son of Thomas H. and Margaret (Ste- phenson) Edwards. The family moved before George was three years old to the farm on which he lived to the end of his life, near McLeansboro, Illinois. George was married April Q, 1885, to Miss Ada Daily, of McLeansboro. They have four children, Kate, a teacher in the McLeansboro High School, George, Paul, and Frank, the youngest. After grad- uating at McKendree, Mr. Edwards taught school in Illinois, Kansas, and Montana, nine years in all, and then engaged in farming and stock-raising on the farm on which he himself was raised. For many years he has been also a public lecturer. Two Hundred and H- MC KENDREE : ... ; .. and a writer for magazines, religious and temperance journals, and other publications. The Ram ' s Horn, a religious pub- lication of international fame, once printed a friendly cartoon of this physically slight, slender man, representing him as a very big, fat, heavy, short man. Mr. Edwards has devoted much time to Sunday School work, both on the public plat- form and in private life . His death occurred only a few years ago . STEPHEN G. H. EDWARDS Stephen Gardner Hicks Edwards was born at Mt. Vernon, lUinois, December 23, 1850 He was the son of Dr. F. H. and Margaret Elizabeth (Hicks) Edwards. His paternal grand- father, Rev. William Edwards, was a pioneer Methodist preacher in Illinois, and for many years chaplain of the Illinois Grand Lodge of I. O. O. F. His maternal grandfather, Stephen Gardner Hicks, was an officer in three wars — Black- hawk, Mexican, and Civil. Stephen ' s mother lived to the end of her long life at Sandoval, Illinois, their home when he was a student in McKendree. After finishing his college course, he attended the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati, where he received the degree of M. D. Then he formed a partnership with his father, and for the next twelve years, practiced medicine in Sandoval. Early in 1887, he went to Texas on account of his health, and on April 30 of that year he died at Castroville, Texas, leaving a wife and four children. One of his sons, Dr. Frank M. Edward s, is now a practicing physician; the other. Dr. Ralph D. Edwards, is a dentist. His daughter, Lydia, is a talented musician; the other, Elizabeth, is the wife of Chas. W. Hall, a prominent business man of Sandoval. Dr. Edwards ' wife never re-married. WILLIAM M. ESSEX William Monroe Essex, salutatorian of the class of 1872, was born in St. Louis, November 12, 185 1, and died in the same city January 23, 1875, a victim of the white plague. He never married. He became a teacher after graduating from McKendree, and continued enthusiastically in the service of the cause of education up to a short time before his death. He was for a time professor of Mathematics in the Springfield (Missouri) Female College. He was a younger brother of the late Thomas Essex, who was also an alumnus of McKendree, class of 1858. GEORGE W. FLINT George William Flint was born on a farm near Lebanon, Illinois, February 6, 1847, and died at his home near Ray mond, Illinois, February 11, 1926. He was the oldest son of William and Mary (Gedney) Flint, who were both natives of England and came to America soon after their marriage in the home land. George W. graduated from McKendree in the class of 1872, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He was a member of the Platonian Society. A year after his graduation he went to Glenwood, Iowa, where he engaged in teaching for several years. Here he was married February 24, 1876, to Miss Ada M. Carter, of Glenwood. She died in August of the same year, at the age of twenty. He then returned to Illinois and engaged in the lumber busi- ness, first at Mt. Olive, and later at Greenville. On May 4, 1881, he was married to Miss Annie E. Kirkland of Walsh- ville, Illinois. Mrs. Flint died in March, 1912, leaving two children. Earl W., and Mary Louise. From the spring of 1896 until his death, Mr. Flint lived on a farm near Raymond, which for a number of years has been managed by his son and daughter. The residence is a large roomy house, lighted with gas, heated with hot water, and supplied with all modern conveniences. Mr. Flint had five brothers who were students at McKendree, tho not all of them graduated. MARGARET E. GILBERT Margaret Elizabeth Gilbert, daughter of Edward and Margaret E. (Roosevelt) Gilbert, was born March i, 1850, on the old Greenwich plantation of colonial days, five miles from Savannah, Georgia, and died January 29, 1906, at Los Angeles, California. Most of her childhood was spent on a farm near Lebanon, Illinois. Before the doors of McKendree were open to women, Miss Gilbert attended a young ladies ' seminary in Jersey City, and Almira College, at Greenville, Illinois. She entered McKendree in 1869 and graduated in 1872, with the degree of B. S. She was one of the founders of the Clionian Society. She was married October 10, 1876, to Charles Colgate Galusha, of Rochester, New York. One of her classmates. Miss Ellen Allyn, served as bridesmaid at the wedding, which took place at the Gilbert homestead two miles east of Lebanon. Their two sons were Eldon Gil- bert and Charles Edward, the latter of whom died when but two years old. Her husband, after a long period of ill health, died March 18, 1881. In December, 1902, Mrs. Gilbert, with her son, Eldon, and her sister, Euretta, moved to Los Angeles, where she died only about three years later. SAMUEL HASTINGS Samuel Hastings was born at Ingraham, Clay County, Ilhnois, July 24, 1850, and died in Cairo, Illinois, September 22, 1905. After graduating a t McKendree in 1872, where he was a member of the Platonian Society, he taught school for several years in Clay County, and then moved to Cairo and engaged in the wholesale grain business. On September 24, 1876, he was married to Miss Anisee Barney at Ingraham, Two Hundred and Twenty Illinois. To them were born four children: Lelia M,, Maude, Oris B., and Mary Alice. The grain business established by Mr. Hastings in 1885 has now passed to his son, Oris, and his brother, Ira. He also served the public as a member of the City Council of Cairo, and as County Commissioner of Alexander County. He was also president of Cairo ' s Board of Trade, and one of the trustees of the State Hospital for the Insane at Aurora, Illinois. GEORGE W. HILL George Washington Hill was born at Ewing, Franklin County, Illinois, October 31, 1874, and died at Murphys- boro, Illinois, October 29, 1897. His parents were Judge John W. Hill, a native of Virginia, and Margaret (Beattie) Hill, born in Alabama. At McKendree, Mr. Hill was a member of the Philosophian Society. After his graduation in 1872, when he received the degree of B. S., he was elected pro- fessor of Science and Latin in Ewing College. He spent a year there and then located at Murphysboro, serving as principal of the public schools of that city for a time before entering upon the practice of law. In 1884 he was elected State Senator from the 50th Illinois District. He took an active interest in politics, served many years as chairman of the County Central Committee of his party, and was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention which nom- inated Grover Cleveland for president in 1888. Mr. Hill was married October 27, 1875 to Miss Fannie Ingram, daughter of Col. W. T. Ingram, M. D., of Murphysboro. Five children were born to them, three of whom are still living. These are Margaret, now Mrs. D. M. Parkinson of San Antonio, Texas; Frances, now Mrs. A. C. Butterworth of Little Rock, Arkansas; and Miss Helen, the youngest daughter, who lives with her mother in Murphysboro. The only son, Dr. W. C. Hill, died in 1906 at Murphysboro, where he was en- gaged in the practice of medicine. JOHN C. KEET John Charles Keet, son of Thomas Josiah and Elizabeth (West) Keet, was born at Keetsville, Missouri, August 9, 1850. While in McKendree he was a member of the Platonian Society. He graduated in 1872 with the degree of B. S., and later received the degree of M. S. On December 18, 1875 he was married to Miss Lyda Hypes at her home in Lebanon. Miss Hypes was one of the founders of the Clionian Society, and was a student in McKendree at the same time with Mr. Keet. To them were born five children: Florence, Bertram, Harry, Belle, and Margaret. Mr. Keet engaged in merchan- dising at Springfield, Mo. soon after his graduation, and continued in this business until his death February 20, 1905. W. A. KELSOE WILLIAM A. KELSOE William Austin Kelsoe, a veteran newspaper man of St. Louis, IS one of the two surviving members of the class of 1872, the other survivor be- ing Zachary Taylor Remick, of Trenton, Illinois. Mr. Kelsoe traces his an- cestry back to American col- onists from Europe, includ- ing the four countries of the British Isles and two on the Continent. The mother of his father. Alexander Kelsoe, a native of Tennessee, was a North Carolina Huston (also spelled Houston). Her husband, Archibald Kelsoe, is said to have changed the spelling of his family name to have it end like Monroe, Defoe, Kehoe, Bludsoe and other names ending in oe, Arch- ibald ' s brothers and their children keeping the old-time Scotch and Irish spelling, Kelso. Mr. Kelsoe ' s parents were both school teachers before their marriage. He still has the teacher ' s certificate under which his mother taught a country school in Athens County, Ohio, when she was Miss Elizabeth Watkins, her father being Mathew Watkins, a soldier of the War of 1812 and a son of Jonathan Watkins, a soldier of the American Revolution. She was married to Alexander Kelsoe in 1849 at Rock Island, Illinois, where she was then living with a married sister, Mrs. Austin (Esther) Prouty. Alexander Kelsoe was then circuit clerk of Bond County, Illinois, but before that he had taught school in the county several years and had at- tended McKendree College in 1844. W. A. Kelsoe, born Feb. i, in Greencastle, the capital of Bond County, lost both parents before he was eleven years old, his mother in his early infancy, and until he became of age he lived most of the time with the family of an uncle and aunt, William and Martha Watkins, the latter being a Greenville Greenwood, of Boston parentage and culture. His early education was received at public schools in Greenville, Pocahontas and Vandalia, a private school in Greenville for boys, and a country school near Highland, 111. Entering Mc- Kendree College in September, 1866, he devoted two years exclusively to studies in the regular scientific course and the next two largely to Greek and Latin. Then he put in nine months as a teacher of a country school not far from Lebanon, Two Hundred and Twenty-One returning to the college campus in June, 1871, to read Greek and Latin daily to Professor S. H. Deneen (the flither of the present United States Senator) under a shady tree the rest of the summer. Mr. Kelsoe says that he was not a brilliant student and that he owed his election to an editorship (twice) on the college paper and to the presidency of the Platonian Society in the fall of 1869 and again in the fall of 187 1, not to oratory or any literary achievement, not to his record in the recitation room, but largely, in fact, almost entirely to his work on the ball field and in the college gymnasium. He is credited with having won high honors in an essay contest, but his good fortune then was due, he says, to the fact that one of the members of his class. Miss Virginia Leonora Roberts, was not a competitor, this brilliant young lady having been the winner in a similar contest the year before. And the high prize this time, in June, 1872, was not for Mr. Kelsoe alone, he tells us. He had to share it with another great woman in the graduating class that year. Miss Ellen Sophronia Allyn a daughter of the college president. After graduating at McKendree, Mr. Kelsoe accompanied his youngest classmate, Augustus Charles Bernays, (later nationally famous as a surgeon) to the old University of Heidelburg, Germany where they were joined later by another classmate, the valedictorian of the class. Rev. Thom- as Clark McFarland. From the Centennial History of Missouri, page 501, we learn that at Heidelburg, Mr. Kelsoe studied philology and old German literature under Professor Bartsch, history and literature under Professor von Treitschke, international law under Professor Bluntschli. the master works of literature under Professor Kuno Fischer and physics under Professor Kirchhoff, all men celebrated in their respective fields of education. His stand for the settlement of international controversies by arbitration, publicly advocated on more than one occasion at McKendree, was greatly strengthened at Heidelburg. Old McKendree and Alt Heidelberg have never, no, not for a single moment, since his student days, cea.sed to be very dear to him. Twice the college (McKendree) has honored him with election to its Board of Trustees — in 1893, and 1926. One of its present members, Charles Pace Hamill, who.se parents were Mr. Kelsoe ' s fellow students at McKendree, was asso- ciated with him in newspaper work at the St. Louis World ' s Fair, being connected with the Exposition ' s Local Press Bu- reau, and so were Professor Willi.im F. Thrall, J. Paul Ed- wards and G. Roy Flint, themselves McKendre ins, as their fathers were before them. Dr. Theodore Lewald, who had charge of Germany ' s wonderful exhibit at the Fair, was a member of Mr. Kelsoe ' s college fraternity at Heidelburg, the Verbindung Rupertia, named for Carl Rupert, the foun der of the present Germany ' s oldest university. Mr. Kelsoe was married in 1877 at Kansas City, Mo., to Miss Frida Hillgaertner, whose acquaintance he had made at McKendree College and whose father was prominently identified with the German press of that city, as he had been in the Fifties with the Illinois Staatszeitung of Chicago, Mrs. Kelsoe ' s native city, where some of her relatives are still hving, notably Mr. Charles Roden, the head of the Chicago Public Library and president of the national asso- ciation of American Librarians. Dr. Hillgaertner was with Carl Schurz in the German Revolution of 1848, and Mrs. Hillgaertner was of the German nobility, a von Roden of Hanover and a great-granddaughter of Baron von Freytag. Mr. Kelsoe ' s long service in St. Louis newspaper work, beginning in August, 1874, has seemed to him to have been a continuation of his college training, and he says he has never regretted his choice of journalism as his life vocation. Much of his newspaper experience is told in his work, the St. Louis Reference Record, published late in 1927 by the Von Hoffman Press in St. Louis. Since Mrs. Kelsoe ' s death, in 1920, he has made his home with their only child, Stephen Hillgaertner Kelsoe, connected with the St. Louis Public Library. DR. GEORGE S. LIGGETT George Samuel Liggett was born in Williston, Vermont, October 27, 1853. He was a son of William C. and Ellen O. (Whitney) Liggett. His mother was a member of the cele- brated Whitney family of New England. At an early age he came with his parents to Lebanon, where in due time he entered McKendree College and graduated in 1872, re ceiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. In 1876 he received the degree of M. D. from the St. Louis Medical College. He spent the next year as interne at the St. Louis Public Hospital. His first private practice was at Mt. Vernon, Illinois. After a year he accepted a position as company physician for the Iron Mountain Mining Company in Mis- souri. In 1884, Dr. Liggett moved to Oswego, Kansas, where he spent the remainder of his life. He had a large general practice, and made a specialty of microscopic work. He wrote much for medical and other scientific journals. He has served as county health officer, county physician, mayor of Os- wego, member of the City Board of Health, Government Two Hundred and Twentv-T IfMC KENDREE pension examiner, president of the County Medical Society, secretary of the Southeast Kansas Medical Society, and the American Medical Society, and filled other public and semi- public positions of honor and trust. While m McKendree he was a member of the Platonian Society, and m later life was prominent in several fraternal organiz,ations. He was married in February, 1882, to Miss Marianna Henderson, of Glasgow, Mo. Of their three sons, the oldest and youngest are now living. The second died m his twentieth year. Dr. Liggett ' s death occurred at his home m Oswego, Kansas, January 16, iqij, in the sixtieth year of his age. REV. THOMAS C. McFARLAND Thomas Clark McFarland, born near Sparta, Illinois, Oc- tober 8, 1850, was valedictorian of the class of 1872. He received the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. He taught school in Cahfornia, and also did newspaper work on a San Francisco paper in 1872 and 187J. He then went to Heidel- berg, Germany, where he joined two of his McKendree class- mates, Bernays and Kelsoe. After attending university lec- tures on philology and literature a year at Heidelberg and a year at Strassburg, he returned to the United States and entered the Lane Theological Seminary at Cincinnati, where he remained a year. He then spent two years in the McCor- mick Theological Seminary at Chicago, graduating there with the class of 1878. That year he was ordained a minister of the Presbyterian Church, and soon afterwards accepted a pastorate at Bellevue, Iowa, where he remained one year. Then he served in turn, four years at Malcolm, Iowa, three at Petersburg, Illinois, one at Mitchell, South Dakota, seven- teen at Williamsburg, Iowa, and seven in California. He removed to California on account of his health, and lived at Beaumont, in that state. On September 20, 1880, he was married to Miss Myra Delia Wynkoop of Bellevue, Iowa. Mrs. McFarland died November 2j, 1903, leaving three children, John S., Isabel, and David Hawthorne. While m McKendree he was a member of the Platonian Literary So- ciety. He died m Los Angeles, Jan. 24, 1914. THOMAS J. PORTER Thomas Jeiferson Porter was born May 10, 1851, at Mid- dleburg, Tennessee. He was the son of William G. and Mary A. (Stubblefield) Porter. Young Thomas entered McKendree, joined Plato, finished his course, and received the degree of B. S. in 1872, later receiving the Master ' s Degree. He became a travelling salesman soon after graduating. During the years between 1887 and 1899, he was engaged in the mercantile business for himself, but since 1901 he had been engaged in the life insurance business. He was state agency director ot the Kansas City Centr.il Life Insurance Company for that state. On May 10, 1880, Mr. Porter was united in marriage with Miss Sallie A. Hughey, at the home of the bride, m St. Louis. She was a daughter of Dr. and Mrs. G. W. Hughey, who lived m Lebanon when Mr. and Mrs. Porter were both students m McKendree. The Porters lived for many years m Galena, Missouri. Mr. Porter attended the reunion of his class m 1Q12. His death occurred a few years later. 2ACHARY T. REMICK Zachary Taylor Remick, son ot George W. and Eleanor Remick, was born March 1 . 1850, m Clinton County, Illinois, two miles south of Trenton. After graduating at McKendree in 1872 with the degree of Bachelor of Science, he taught school for four years at Summerfield, three at Columbia, two at Shiloh, and five at Trenton, where he is still living. After teaching fourteen years he engaged in the milling business in Trenton with his father-in-law and brother-in-law, and later for fifteen years in the grain and lumber business. He is at present interested in the loan, insurance, real estate, and collection business, and was for some years president of the First National Bank at Trenton, Illinois. He has served for many years as notary public and police ludge. In 1904, he was nominated without his consent for county super- intendent of schools and was beaten by only 300 votes, al- though running on the Republican ticket in a county ordin- arily Democratic by 1000 to 1200 votes. Whilein McKendree Mr. Remick was a member of the Philo Society. On Decem- ber 3, 1880, he was married to Miss Kate Eisenmayer, a daughter of the late Andrew Eisenmayer, of Trenton, and a sister of the late J. C. Eisenmayer, both of whom have been trustees of McKendree College. To Mr. and Mrs. Remick four children were born. Arthur, the oldest, is an architect in New York City; A. B. Remick, the second son, studied law and is now connected with an advertising agency in St. Louis; Christine, the only daughter, was a student in McKendree, and is now the wife of Walter Siegmond, of St. Louis: the youngest child, Walter, died when only three years of a ge. He is still Hving in Trenton (1928) and takes an interest in business. For a number of years he served as organist in the Methodist Church at Trenton. VIRGINIA L. ROBERTS Virginia Leonora Roberts was born July 2r, 1851, in Lebanon, 111. She was a daughter of Rev. George Lamb Roberts, a native of Kaskaskia, one of whose ancestors came to America with William Penn and was the first governor of the province of New Hampshire. On her mother ' s side she was descended from Nicholas Horner, a native of Eng- Two Hundred and T, land, who came from Baltmiore to Lebanon in 1812, over a century ago. Her mother was Virginia E. Horner, a native of Lebanon. Miss Roberts was born in the historic old house, built and occupied by her maternal grand-parents, Nathan and Nancy (Hypes) Horner. In this home Bishops Asbury, McKendree, and Soule had been entertained as guests, and here too, Edward R. Ames, afterward bishop, preached his trial sermon before being licensed to preach. Miss Roberts was one of the founders of Clio. She graduated in 1872, with the degree of B. S., after which she taught school two years in Lebanon, and was then chosen principal of a school in Atchison, Kansas. Here she met John C. Kerr, to whom she was married November 24, 1880. To them were born three children, Edward Roberts, now living in California, Mabel Virginia, a teacher in the public schools of San Diego, Calif., now the home city of the Kerrs, and Margaret, now the wife of George A. Otis, and living in the same city. Mrs. Kerr died Nov. 5, 1918, in San Diego, Cahfornia. CHARLES SHUMAN Charles Shuman was born in Philadelphia, Pa., February 21, 184J. His parents were Charles and Magdalena (Elbert) Shuman, both natives of Heidelburg, Germany. They came to America in i8j9, first locating in Philadelphia, and after- ward settling in Illinois in 1857. Charles entered McKendree where he pursued the scientific course, and was a member of Plato Society. He graduated in the class of 1872. He then taught school two years in Looking Glass Prairie, St. Clair County, Illinois, spent one year at the Southern Illinois Nor- mal at Carbondale, and then taught three years in Moultrie County, Illinois. He served three years as township super- visor and eighteen as county clerk of Moultrie County, being elected on the Democratic ticket. In 1891 he was elected vice-president of the State Bank of Sullivan, Illinois, and six years later, president. In 1905 this bank became the First National Bank of Sullivan. He was the head of the bank for many years. He was also for many years extensively engaged in farming and stock-raising. His farm of 850 acres near Sullivan includes the farm on which he worked when a boy. He was married September 8, 1874, to Miss Mary R. McPheeters at the home of the bride ' s parents, Major and Mrs. Addison McPheeters. They have two sons. Bliss, who manages the Shuman farm, and Irving, who is a cashier of the First National Bank of Sullivan, and one daughter. Bertha, who became a teacher after graduating from DePauw University. He died at the Mullanphy Hospital of St. Louis, April 6, 1916. CHARLES SPIES Charles Spies was born on a farm near Marine, Illinois, June 13, 1850. He graduated from McKendree in the scien tific course in 1872. He was a member of the Platonian Liter- ary Society. From 1873 to 1875, he was principal of the St. Jacobs public schools. He was engaged in the drug business in St. Jacob for twenty-four years, and for twelve years of the same period was secretary of the Valier and Spies Milling Company of that place. He was also Township Treasurer for eight years. Later he moved to St. Louis and became vice-president of the C. F. Blanke Tea and Coffee Company of that city. He is the son of Jacob and Katherine (Kaufman) Spies. He was married August 6, 1874, to Miss Emma Blanke of Marine, Illinois. To them were born three daugh- ters. Stella graduated at McKendree and married Victor M. Seiter. They live in Kansas City. Florence, the second daugh- ter, was accidentally drowned while a student in McKen- dree. Linda, the youngest, is still living with her mother in St. Louis. Mr. Spies ' death occurred in November, 191 5. VIRGINIA L. THATCHER Virginia Laura Thatcher was born September i, 185a, at Marion, Illinois. Her parents were Rev. John and Virginia (Wells) Thatcher. Being a Methodist preacher ' s daughter, she lived in many towns during her girlhood, the family moving in turn to Xenia, Benton, Salem, Fairfield, Mascou- tah, Ashley, Tamaroa, and Mt. Erie, all in the Southern Illinois Conference. After her father ' s death in 1869, the widow and children located in Lebanon where Miss Jennie attended McKendree and graduated in 1872 with the degree of B. S. She was one of the founders of the Clionian Literary Society. She taught school in Lebanon for a time after her graduation, and in 1875, on her twenty-third birthday she was married to William E. McBride, of the class of 187 1, with whom she lived happily until his death in 1893. Their four children are Dovey M., who married Dr. O. C. Church; Olive, William, Thomas, and Sadie E., who married Prof. Ernest R. Crisp. The son now has charge of the McBride farm in St. Clair County, which was owned by his father, grandfather, and great-grandfather, having been in the McBride family for more than a hundred years. After liv- ing on the farm for thirty-three years, Mrs. McBride moved to Lebanon and lived till her death in the home formerly occupied by her mother. One night, January 30, 1918, she went to bed as usual, after talking over plans to visit her youngest daughter in Chicago, and woke up in Eternity. She thus made the transition from this world to the next without a single day of illness. Two Hundred and Twenty-Four REV, DR. L. W. THRALL Leonidas Worthy Thrall was born on a farm near Bone Gap, Edwards County, Illinois, February 21, iSso. He is a son of Worthy and Hannah (James) Thrall. His mother was of Welsh ancestry, and his father was a great-grandson of Samuel Thrall, a captain in the American army during the War of Independence, and a descendant of William Thrall, who came to America from England with a band of Puritans and settled at Windsor Connecticut, in i6jo. Before entering McKendree College. Leonidas attended the academy of the Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois; and before his graduation he taught a school for colored children at Lebanon. He completed the classical course and received the degree of A. B. in June, 1872. In 1875 he was granted the degree of A. M., and in 1895 his Alma Mater honored him with the degree of Doctor of Divinity. After his graduation he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church and was received into full connection in the Southern Illinois Conference m 1874. After a few years of work m this con- ference he was transferred to Kansas, and served the churches at Hartford, Columbus, and Independence, Kansas. He then returned to Illinois in 187Q and served m turn the following charges: Ashley, Grayville, Metropolis, Salem, Greenville, Lebanon, and Flora. For six years beginning 1893 he was presiding elder of the Vandalia District, making his home first at Salem and later at Lebanon, that his children might more conveniently attend college. While in Hartford, Kansas, he served as president of the Hartford Collegiate Institute of that city. He once served as financial agent for McKendree College, and was a mem- ber of the Board of Trustees for thirty years. He was a delegate to the General Conference of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, which convened at Cleveland in 1896; and again to the one in Chicago in 1900. It has been truly said of Dr. Thrall that he was one of the ablest pulpit orators m the Methodist Church, and he was known throughout South- ern Illinois as a public speaker at Memorial Day exercises. Fourth of July celebrations, and educational meetings. Dr. Thrall was twice married. His first wife was Edith M. Flint, the first woman to graduate from McKendree College (class of 1870) and one of the founders of Clio. They were married September 29, 1873, at the old Flint home one mile east of Lebanon. Mrs. Thrall died November 10, 1898, at Lebanon. Her funeral was held in the college chapel. Their five children. Edith Laura, Victor W., William F., Charles H., and Harold L., are all graduates of McKendree. On December 27, 1900, Dr. Thrall was married to Emily M. Jones, of Ingraham, Illinois. Their only child, Mary Vir- ginia, was born on St. Patrick ' s day, 1902. He died at Du quoin in 1018. JUDGE WILLIAM E. WARD William Edgar Ward was born in Belleville, Illinois, May 13, 185 1. His parents were John Ward and Lucy L. Ash, pioneer citizens of St. Clair County. He graduated from McKendree in 1872, receiving the degree B. S., and a year later was admitted to the bar at Mt. Vernon, Illinois. In addition to his law practice he has been city attorney of Belleville five years. Township Clerk and Township Attor- ney, two years each. In 1892 he was elected city justice of Belleville, and held the office thirty-five years. Judge Ward was married May 13, 1874, to Miss Elizabeth G. Phillips, of Belleville. They have five children: William H., Marian Frances, Edgar A., Florence, and Ardella. They are all mar- ried but one. Mr. Ward was a member of the Philosophian Society while in McKendree, and belonged to the Knights of Pythias and the Liederkranz Singing Society of Belleville. He died in Belleville December 4, 1927. DR. WALTER WATSON Walter Watson was born May 14, 1851, at Mt. Ver- non, Illinois. He is a son of Joel Franklin and Sarah (Taylor) Watson. He grad- uated from McKendree m the class of 1872, receiving the degree of B. S. Later he received the Master ' s de- gree from his Alma Mater. While m college he was a member of the Philosophian Society. After his gradua- tion he taught school for a time at Grayville, Illinois, and then entered the Medical College of Ohio at Cincinnati, from which institution he received the degree of M. D. m 1875. While there he won the college prize in ophthalmology and by competitive exam- ination secured a position as interne m the Good Samaritan Hospital of Cincinnati. After serving a year in the hospital and a year as demonstrator of anatomy in the medical college where he graduated, he returned to Mt. Vernon in 1877 and began the practice of medicine in his home town, having formed a partnership with Dr. W. Duff Green of that place. In 1893 he was appointed superintendent of the Hospital for the Insane at Jacksonville. Illinois. He was a member of the DR. WATSON Two Hundred and Twenty-Fne riMC KENDREE ; : ... . . Democratic State Central Committee of Illinois for seventeen years. While he was chairman of this committee, the party polled the highest vote in its history in this state. He was a delegate-at-large to the National Democratic Convention which nominated Grover Cleveland for president in 1892. Dr. Watson retired from regular practice some years ago. He stood high both as a physician and surgeon, but it was in surgery, of which he made a specialty, that he won his chief distinction. On September 16, 1888, he was married to Miss Nettie M. Johnson, of Champaign, Illinois, who died April 7, 1897. Their only child, Margaret, is the wife of Thomas Perry, of Westerly, Rhode Island. He died Jan- uary 8, 1922 THE CLASS OF 1873 REV. WILLIAM F. BROWN William Fletcher Brown enrolled as coming from Walsh- ville, lUinois. His membership in the Philosophian Society shows that he came as early as 1865, but he did not finish his course till 1873,, when he received the degree of A. B. He joined the Southern Illinois Conference in 1874 and served in the pastorate in this conference till 1882, when he transferred to Iowa. Later he moved to Kansas. In 191 1 he was at South McAlester. Oklahoma. We have no later information concerning him. THOMAS I. BRISCOE Thomas Ira Briscoe, son of Edward and Nancy Briscoe, was born in Pike County, Illinois, August 27, 1845. He grew up on a farm and after passing through the public schools, he entered McKendree and graduated in 187J, re- ceiving the degree of B. S. He was a Philo. Later he entered the Law School of the University of Michigan and received the degree of LL. B. in 1876. He practiced law for a few years at Pittsfield, Illinois, and then in 1878 he vyent to Colorado and engaged in the mining business. At the last report from him a few years ago he was still concerned with mining interests and his home was at Buena Vista, Colorado, which is the county seat of Chaffee County. He was county commissioner for one term, sheriff for one term, and county judge for one term. He was married in July, 1895, to Miss Minnie Oliver of Pittsfield, Illinois. He is a member of the Masonic Order and has been twice master of the local lodge in his home city. He has not had an opportunity to visit his Alma Mater for many years, but nevertheless he is still a loyal McKendrean. BENJAMIN H. CHAPMAN Benjamin Harvey Chapman was born m Green County, Illinois, October 28, 1846. He became a student in McKen dree in 1869 and graduated in 187},, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. After his graduation he studied law at Springfield, Illinois. He began practicing law in Vandalia, Illinois, about the year 1878, and later became a member of the law firm of Henry and Chapman. In 1884 he moved to Kansas City and be- came a member of the law firm of Brown, Chapman, and Brown. He afterward became interested in gold mines in South America, and while looking after these interests, his death occurred at Medellin, United States of Columbia, about the year 1905. He was never married. He was an attendant and supporter of the Methodist Church, a good lawyer, a high-minded and honorable man, a companionable and trustworthy friend. JOHN TETHERING TON John Tetherington was born near Caseyville, Illinois, Oc- tober 8, 1849, and died at Edwardsville, August 31, 191 1. He graduated from McKendree in the class of 1873, receiv- ing the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married October 8, 1878, to Miss Mary I. Renfro. They have seven living children. He spent a good portion of his life on a farm in Madison County. For a number of years he was treasurer of that county. During his later years he retired from the farm and resided in Edwardsville. He was a Ma.son and also belonged to the Order of Red Men . OLIVER M. EDWARDS Oliver Mathis Edwards was born at McLeansboro, Illi- nois, March 30, i8si. His parents were Thomas H. and Margaret Edwards. The father was a native of North Caro- lina, and the mother of Tennessee. Oliver entered McKen- dree in 1869 and graduated in June, 1873, with the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married November 20, 1873, to Miss Louise Alice Vollintme, who was a student of McKendree from 1869 to 18 I. They have five children; Emory, William H., lona, BeuLih, and Oliver Mathis, Jr. The youngest followed his father ' s footsteps for a time in being a student in McKendree. After his graduation Mr. Edwards made farming his principal business until 1906, since which time he has resided in So- rento, Illinois, with his wife and son. He has always been identified with educational interests in the community where he lived. He taught school himself for seven years, and was a member of the Board of Directors eighteen years. Since living in Sorento he has been a member of the Board of Education for four years. He has been a member of the Metho- dist Church since he was thirteen years of age, and for many Two Hundred and TwentySv MC KENDREE DEAN EDWARDS years a Sunday School Superintendent. He has always been active in public affairs, especially so m the interest of the Republican party. In March, 1912, he was appointed post- master of Sorento, Illinois, by President Taft. He has been for fifteen years a Mason, and for twenty years a Modern Woodman. DEAN WILLIAM W. EDWARDS William Wirt Edwards WIS born March 3, 1853,, at Pinckneyville, Illinois, where his parents, William md Juliet M. Edwards, were among the early set tiers, having located there tbout the year 1832. His tither, William Edwards, was for some years a mer- chant, but later he studied and practiced law, and at the time of his death m i8s4. stood high m the legal profession. The widowed mother, a woman of cultured mmd, by reason of home study and extensive reading, was deeply interested in the education of her children, and ren- dered them every assistance whi ch her limited means would permit. When William W., her youngest son, had finished the village school, she came with him to Lebanon in 1869 and remained there with him during most of the time he was pursuing his college course. He graduated m 187}, with the first honors of his class, receiving the degree of A. B. and three years later, A. M. For three years he engaged in teaching and studied law. In 1876, he was admitted to the bar and began the practice of law at Carleton, Nebraska, where he remained five years. In 1878 he was elected county judge. On September 11 of the same year he was married to Miss Cora Malone, of Steelville, Illinois. For thirty-eight years she shared with him the vicissitudes of life as a beloved companion and a wise counsellor, devoted to her home and family, also finding much time for active religious work, for which her character and talents especially fitted her. At her death in November, 1916, she left four sons and five daugh- ters, all of whom are still living. About four years later, Mr. Edwards was married to Mrs. Louise Watson, of Spring- field, his present wife. In 1883, Mr. Edwards entered the ministry and joined the Southern Illinois Conference. From that time until his retire- ment in 191 1, he served pastoral charges except the years in which he was engaged in educational work. He was for ten years, i88sr to 189 ;, a member of the faculty of McKen- dree College, first as professor of Latin, and later .is dean of the Law Department. He also served five years as principal of the McCray-Dewey Academy, at Troy, Illinois. Even after his retirement, he was so strongly drawn toward edu- cational work that he founded the Lincoln College of Law at Springfield, Illinois, which was chartered by the State in May, 1912, and of which he is still the dean. This school maintains a strong course of study, and has obtained favor- able recognition by the profession m general, as well as by other institutions of like character. Dean Edwards says: In reviewing the experiences of the more than half century of my active life, I derive the greatest satisfaction from the thought that I may have contributed somewhat to the suc- cess of the youth with whom I have come in contact. FRANK W. MARSHALL Frank Wyman Marshall was born at Clinton, New Jersey, March 3, i8 f3,. He is a son of Rev. Lyman and Eliza W. Marshall, who were both native Americans. His father was for many years pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Leb- anon. He entered McKendree m 1869 and graduated m 1873, receiving the degree of A. B., a.nd later A. M. In 1897, McKendree conferred upon him the hon orary degree of Doc- tor of Music. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He spent some years in teaching after his graduation, being principal of the high school at Shelbyville, 111., and then was superintendent of schools at Upper Alton. He then went into newspaper work and for fifteen years was employed with the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. He is a gifted musician, and gave much time to amateur and professional work in that line. He was for nearly thirteen years in charge of the Church Music Department of the Presbyterian Board of Publication in Philadelphia. He was a director of the Winona Summer School Association for more than twenty years. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and of the Masons, Odd Fellows, and Knights of Pythias. He was married Octo- ber 6, 1874, to Miss Sarah Seaman, of Lebanon. They have one son and three daughters. The son is a graduate of Ox- ford University and is a practicing physician. The daughters are married and living in the west. Mr. Marshall died in New York City, May 14, 1924. He was buried in College Hill Cemetery. HENRY M. NEEDLES Henry Mace Needles was born at Mt. Sterling, Brown County, Illinois, October 9, 1853. His parents were James B. and Christina M. Needles, who were native Americans Two Hundred and Twent -Scr . : s of English descent. He entered McKendree in 1870 and graduated in the class of 1873, with the degree of B. S ; some years afterward, he received the Master ' s Degree. He took a law course in the University of Wisconsin, and there received the degree of LL. B. in 1876. While at McKendree he was a member of the Philosophian Society. He was married May 9, 1875, to Clarissa L. Scott. Their children are Homer Needles, Mrs. Marjorie Needles Lyon, and Elmer H. Need- les. Some years after the death of Mrs. Needles, he was married to Miss Clara Halbert. To this union there was born one child, Dorothy Needles. Mr. Needles has practiced law since 1876. He was public administrator of St. Clair County from 1880 to 1884, and for twelve years was police magistrate of Belleville, 111. He was a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church and of the Blue Lodge chapter, con sistory and commandery, in Masonry. He died in 1927. JOHN F. SOMMERFELDT John Frederick Sommerfeldt was born at Marine, Illinois, October i, 1847, and died in St. Louis, Mo., April ig, 1909 He was a son of J. G. and A. M. Sommerfeldt, who were of German nationality. He was educated in the public schools and in McKendree College, from which institution he grad uated June la, 1873, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was mar ried December 26, 1883, to Mrs. J. C. Cox. To them were born three children: Grace, born September 27, 1884; Philo born February 9, 1886: and Zelma, born June 6, 1890. He taught school for a number of years, but in his later life was engaged in insurance business in the city of St. Louis where his closing years were spent and where some members of his family still reside. MARY A, RAYMOND Mary Alice Raymond was born in San Francisco, Califor- nia, September 26, 1856. She is a daughter of Charles F. Raymond, a native of Beverly, Massachusetts, and Jennie K. Fielding, of East Randolph, Vermont. She became a stu- dent in McKendree in September, 1870, and graduated in June, 1873, with the degree of B. S. She was a Clio. After her graduation, she taught school in Mt. Vernon for eight years, and in the Art Department of the Southern Illinois Normal University for two years. On the thirtieth day of July, 1884, she was married to Professor D. B. Parkinson, who had then been a member of the faculty in the Normal School for ten years. They have one son, Raymond, and one daughter, Mary Alice. Mrs. Parkinson was a member of the Methodist Church. WILLIAM H. STEWARD William Henry Steward was born ;n Salem County, New Jersey, June 23, 1850, and died at Carlinville, Illinois, Octo ber 10, 1912. His parents were William and Rebecca (Abbot) Steward, both being of Scotch ancestry. When he was only four years of age his parents came to Illinois and settled in Bunker Hill Township of Macoupin County. In 1869, he became a student in McKendree College, and graduated in the class of 1873, with the degree of A. B., later receiving that of A. M. He stud ied law for a time in Springfield, and then entered the Law Department of the Northwestern University, where he took a full course and graduated. He began the practice of law in Carhnville, Illinois, in 1876- Here for three years he was the law partner of W. H. Snell- ing; he then entered into a partnership with Mr. M. L Keplinger, which continued thirty-three years, till the time of his death. He was closely associated with the affairs of his home city and community. He has held the position of Alderman, and again of city attorney in Carlinville; he was a member of the Examining Board of the Carlinville Building and Loan Association from the time of its first organization; a member of the building committee of the School Board during the construction of the North School Building, and for many years has been secretary of the Car- linville Cemetery Association. More than thirty years ago he became a member of the Methodist Church, and ever since has lived a consistent Christian life, giving many years of service as a member of the official board. He was married October 14, 1880, to Miss Addie Miller, of Carlinville. Their eldest daughter, Edna, died some years ago, while their other children, Helen and Elwood, are now grown to womanhood and manhood. From Mr. Steward ' s published obituary we quote: He was one of the men for whose life we need make no apology. As a friend he was true as steel, of approved integrity, just and generous in all his dealings. As a citizen he was in all respects a man ranking as the best of men. What he believed to be right he did as nearly as was in his power to do. His death came as the result of a paralytic stroke. Of the following members of the class of 1873, we have no recent inform,! tion. FRANCIS M. MARION Fr.incis Marquis Marion graduated with the degree LL. B. He engaged in farming near Mulberry Grove, Illinois. MARQUIS L. McALLILLY Marquis Lafiyette McAllilly graduated with the degree of B. S. He afterward studied medicine and practiced his Two Hundred and TwanyEight frMC KENDREE ' fe .,.. -;.- profession as a physician at St. Jacob, Illinois. Later, at Nickerson, Kansas. He was a Philo. WILSON WEATHERSBEE Wilbon Weathersbee graduated with the B. S. degree. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He engaged m farming at Akin, Illinois, and later at Benton, Illinois. THE CLASS OF 1874 JOHN F. ARNOLD John Fletcher Arnold was born in Grove Township, Jas, per County, Illinois, April 21, 1851. His parents, John F and Rebecca J. Arnold, were both of American descent. He entered McKendree in 1870 and graduated m 1874, with the degree B. S. In 1877 he received the degree M. S., and m iSS ' ) the honorary degree, A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Society. In 1876 he was married to Delia B Barton. To them were born five sons, Edward E., Eugene P., Virgil H., Lawrence F., and Dale J. Arnold. Mr. Arnold has been engaged in educational work ever since his gradua- tion, and has held the following positions: superintendent of the Newton City Schools for eight years: county super- intendent of schools of Jasper County for twenty -five years. In i8go he was a candidate for State Superintendent of Public Instruction. In 1903 and 1904 he was a member of the Examining Board to examine candidates for West Point and Annapohs. He was a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge No. 161. He died July 9, 1921, at Jacksonville, Illinois. WILLIAM H. BLACK William Hampton Black, son of William M. and MiUy G. Black, was born near Lebanon, Illinois, March 6, 1852. He graduated from McKendree in the class of 1874, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Society. For some years after his graduation, his home was in Texas, but later he moved to Beulah, Kansas, where he died Sep- tember 8, 1884. JUDGE E. DAYTON BROWN Erastus Dayton Brown was born on a farm near Walsh- ville, Illinois, April ij, 18 ' ; i. His father was a native of Connecticut, his grandfather was one of the early settlers of New England, and his grandmother was a first cousin to Neal and Lorenzo Dow. His mother was Miss Mary Kirklin, of Jersey County, Illinois. She died when he was only two years old, and his father died in 1875. Mr. Brown attended college a year at Lincoln, and then entered McKendree in 1871 and graduated in 1874, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a Philo, and took an especially active part m de- bating. In 1881, he was married to Miss Anna E. Nicholson, of Bond County, Illinois. To them was born one daughter, Mabelle Claire, who is now Mrs. Walter Birge, of St. Louis, After leaving college, he studied law with Dysert and Brown, of Macon City, Missouri, and was admitted to the bar in 1876. He located in Edina, Missouri for the practice of law, and was elected judge of the Probate Court in 1877, and was re-elected for a second term. In i88j he became legal representative of the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company for several counties m Northeast Missouri. In 1886 he became financial agent of the company for the state of Kansas. In this he was very successful, and is said to have loaned more than three million dollars for his company on Kansas farms, with no loss to his company. After retirement from active service, he made his home in Carthage, Missouri, where he died m 1914. HON, WILLIAM V. CHOISSER Willi, im Voltaire Choisser was born in Hamilton County, Illinois, August 28, 1848. His father was of French and his mother of Irish ancestry. When scarcely fourteen years of age, he enlisted in the Union Army in 1862 and served three years till the close of the war. He was with Sherman in the famous March to the sea and in the Grand Review at Washington at the close of the war. After attending school at Carbondale and at Ewing College, he entered McKendree m 187J and graduated in the class of 1874, with the degree of B. S. He was a very active member of the Philo Society. After leaving McKendree he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1876. He located in Harrisburg, Illinois, where he spent the greater part of his professional life in the prac- tice of law. In i8q7 he assisted in the organization of the City National Bank, and was its president from the time of its organization. In politics he was a Democrat. He served four years as State ' s Attorney of Saline County. In 1884 he was elected a member of the Illinois Legislature. In 1892 he was a presidential elector, and voted for Mr. Cleveland for president. In 1891, he was appointed by Governor Alt- geld, commissioner of the Southern Illinois Penitentiary, and served four years. He was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention in Denver in 1908, and again to the one in Baltimore in 1912. He was appointed warden of the Southern Illinois Penitentiary by Governor Dunne in 191 J, and held the position until his death in May, 1917. He was prominent in the Masonic Order, being a member of both the Consistery and Commandery. He was married in 1 88 1, to Miss Kate Pearce. Of their five children, one died in infancy. The others are Robert E., who graduated at McKendree in 1906, Roger M., Nelle W., and Mary Louise. The latter married E. F. Hayes, of Mattoon. Two Hundred and Twenty?{it JEREMIAH T. DEW Jeremiah Thornton Dew was born in Clinton Cbunty, Illinois, November 5, 1847. His grandfather, Rev. John Dew, was a native of Virginia, a pioneer Methodist preacher, came west with Bishop McKendree, was long associated with Peter Cartwright, and was once president of McKendree College. His father, Samuel P. Dew, was a native of St. Clair County, Illinois. His mother, Eliza Walker, was a native of Clinton County and a member of a prominent family of pioneer Methodists. Their son, Jeremiah T. grew up on a farm in the famous Looking Glass prairie near Summerfield. He attended school for some time in St. Louis and then entered McKendree, where he graduated in 1874, receiving the degree of B. S., and three years later, that of M. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He studied law at Nashville, Illinois and Topeka, Kansas, and then located in Kansas City, Missouri for the practice of his profession. He became a member of the law firm of Tom- linson, Ross ii Dew; later, that of Dew, Downs ? Parkinson; still later. Dew, Parkinson ? Barnes. He was a member of the Kansas City Bar Association and has served as its pres- ident. He was prominent in the G. A. R., having served in the 145th Regiment of Illinois Volunteers during the last year of the Civil War, though only sixteen years old at the time of his enlistment. He has served as Commander of Farragut Post No. j, G. A. R., was for about fifteen years Post Adjutant, and has filled many other stations of honor in the order. He was a member of the Masonic Order. He was a Republican in politics, though not a strict partisan in municipal affairs, and has never sought political preferment for him.self. He was a member of the Illinois Historical So- ciety, also of the Missouri State Historical Society. He was married in July, 1877, to Miss Julia E. Parkinson, of High- land, Illinois, who was a member of his college class at McKendree. Mrs. Dew died October 17, 1887, leaving three children: Emma, Arthur Samuel, and Julia L. Mr. Dew was president of the graduating class of 1874, and while a student in McKendree, was one of the editors of the McKendree Repository. He died in April, igi ;. REV. JOHN W. FLINT John Wesley Flint was born near Lebanon, Illinois, Jan- uary 9, 1849. He was among the oldest of the nine children of William and Mary Flint, who came to Lebanon in 1842. He entered the Preparatory Department of McKendree in 1867 and graduated as a member of the class of 1874, receiving the A. B. Degree and the first honors of his class. He was a member of the Platonian Society. McKendree also made him a Doctor of Divinity in 1900. He entered the Southern Illinois Conference in 1875, and spent fifty years in the work of the Methodist ministry. He held a number of the im- portant charges in the conference and was presiding elder twelve years, covering one term on the Mt. Vernon Dis- trict and one on the Vandalia District. He was the leader of church building enterprises at Flora, Lawrenceville, and Fairfield, where he closed up his half century of service in the ministry. He was a member of the General Conference which met in Los Angeles in 1904. He was married Sep- tember 6, 1875, to Miss Mary E. Robertson, of Freeburg, Illinois. Their oldest daughter, Mrs. Minnie Phillips, died in 1912, leaving her husband and three children. Another daughter is Mrs. Mary Flint Morgan, whose husband is a member of the faculty of the University of Missouri. Gilbert Roy Flint, the only son, lives in Fairchild. The youngest living daughter, Annie, lives in Madison, Wisconsin. Mrs. Flint was born on the same day as her husband, but died about a year sooner. Dr. Flint died July 4, 1926, the one hundredth anniversary of the death of Thomas Jefferson. The funeral was held in Lebanon and he was laid to rest in College Hill Cemetery. There were thirty-five of his fellow ministers at the funeral. He was for thirty years a trustee of McKendree. WILLIAM A, HARNSBERGER William Augustus Harnsberger was born at Alhambra, Madison County, Illinois, September 7, 185 1. He can trace his ancestry back to a pioneer family who settled in Virginia more than two hundred years ago. After receiving the usual preliminary training, he entered McKendree College, and after completing the course, graduated in the class of 1874, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Phil- osophian Literary Society. After leaving McKendree, he entered the Union College of Law in Chicago, from which institution he graduated in June, 1877, receiving the degree of LL. B., and was the same year admitted to the bar of Illinois. The following year he was admitted to the bar of the State of Missouri, and began the practice of law in Kansas City, which has been his occupation since that time. He was married December 20, 1907, in Kansas City, Kansas, but has resided since that time in Kansas City, Missouri. He regards himself as a Republican in politics, but does not consider himself bound by any party in the matter of local and mu- nicipal affairs. He was reared in a Methodist home and is a believer in the Christian religion, but is not affiliated with any branch of the church. He is a member of the Masonic Order. Two Hundred and Thirty MC KENDREE SALLIE M HUGHEY Sallie Maria Hughey was born at Harnsburg, Illinois, January i6, 1852. She is a daughter of Rev. George W. and Elizabeth A. Hughey. Her father was a prominent Metho ' dist preacher and author who spent more than half a century in the service of the church in various capacities. She became a student in McKendree in 1870 and graduated in the class of 1874, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was a music teacher and church organist and worker in other lines for some years after graduation. May 10, 1880, she was united in marriage to Thomas Jefferson Porter, who was her school mate at McKendree and a member of the class of 1872. Their home was for many years at Galena, Stone County, Missouri. Here for several years she had the privilege of ministering to the wants of her aged parents, who made their home with her in their declining years. She is a member of the Methodist Church, the Order of the Eastern Star, and the Women ' s Christian Temperance Union. For ten years prior to 1900, she was active in the County Sunday School work ; and she was for twenty years superintendent of the Loyal Temper ' ance Legion. Since the death of her husband, her home has been in Kansas City, Missouri. NORMAN A. LOUGH Norman Allyn Lough was born in Richland County, Illinois, October 10, 1S52. He is the son of R. C. and M. A. Lough. After receiving a preliminary education he en- tered McKendree College and graduated in the class of 1874, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. After his graduation, he studied law and made that his life profession. He was city attorney of Olney, Illinois, but later went to Chicago, where he en- gaged in law practice for a number of years until an attack of pneumonia made advisable a change of residence to the hills and sunshine of Colorado. His home is now at Grand Junction, Colorado. He is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and the Knights of Pythias. He was married January 9, 1877, to Miss AUie Conklin. They have two children now living, Clarence R. and Herbert M. Lough. ISABEL L LYNCH Isabel Irvin Lynch was born in Shiloh Valley, November 2j, 1855. Her parents were Nehemiah and Ehzabeth (Cal- breath) Lynch, who were both native Americans. She entered McKendree in the fall of 1872 and graduated in the class of 1874, with the degree of B. S. She was a member of Clio. After her graduation, she lived at her home in Lebanon until 1889. Since that time she has been employed principally as sales-lady in mercantile establishments. She served two years in Beardstown, three years in Galena, Missouri, and since that time has been with the Robeson Department Store in Champaign, Illinois, where for many years she has been superintendent of the department of ladies ' furnishings. Since early youth she has been a member of the Metho- dist Church. JOHN W. LORD John Wesley Lord was born near Trenton, Illinois, April 18, 1853. He was the son of John and Ann Lord, who were both natives of England. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1870 and graduated in the class of 1874, with the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philo Society and was president of that organization. He was married to Miss M. F. Towling of Decatur, Illinois, September 18, 1879. They have two children, Walter C. and Bonnie C, both married. After his graduation Mr. Lord taught school one year and then took up the study of Chemistry and Pharmacy. In 1881 he purchased a drug store at New Douglass, Illinois, which business he carried on till 1887. While living m New Douglass, he served as postmaster and school director. Then for seven years as a registered pharmacist he held a position as prescription clerk in a drug firm; but in 1894, he accepted a position as chemist in the laboratory of Irwin, Kirkland ' Co., of Decatur, Illinois. He remained with this firm until 1900, when he became senior chemist in the laboratory cf Flint, Eaton ' Co., in the same city. He is a member of the First Christian Church of Decatur, has served as dea- con, clerk, and treasurer of the church, and at present holds the office of elder. He also belongs to the Modern Amet ' ican Fraternal Order. SAMUEL P. McKEE Samuel Patton McKee was born near Summerfield, Illinois, January 10, 1849. He is the elder son of Dr. Samuel P. McKee and Mrs. Mary (Thompson) McKee, the former born near Louisville, Kentucky and the latter near Edwards- ville, Illinois. His father was a member of the Board of Trus- tees of McKendree, and his maternal grandfather. Rev. Sam- uel E. Thompson, was a well-known pioneer preacher and one of McKendree ' s founders. Mr. McKee entered Mc- Kendree as a student in 1869 and graduated in 1874, with the degree of B. S. and received the degree of M. S. three years later. He taught school three years, but his principal occupation has been farming, which he has followed con- tinuously except from 1890 to 1903, when he was employed in Kansas City. On November 24, 1874, he was married to Miss Frances E. Walker, of Richview, Illinois. Of their child- Two Hundred and Thirty-On ren, two died in early childhood. They have only one daugh- ter now living. While in McKendree, Mr. McKee was a mem- ber of the Philosophian Literary Society. He is a Republican in pohtics, and an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JULIA E. PARKINSON Julia Emma Parkinson, born March 26, 1850, was a mem- ber of the prominent Parkinson family of Highland, Illinois. Several of her brothers were graduates of McKendree. She was a Clio, and graduated in the class of 1874. In 1877, she was married to J. T. Dew, who was a member of the same class. She died October 17, 1887, leaving three children. Additional data will be found in her husband ' s sketch. SARAH A. SHEPHERD Sarah Abbie Shepherd was born in Lebanon, Illinois, Oc- tober 10, 1854. Her father, Thomas H. Shepherd, was a native of St. Louis, of English and German ancestry. Her mother, Ehza A. Calbreath, was of Scotch-Irish ancestry. She became a student in McKendree in 1872 and graduated in the class of 1874, receiving the degree of B. S., and in 1877, that of M. S. She was a member of the Clionian Lit- erary Society. October 20, 187 ' ;, she was married to Rev. John D. Gillham, D. D.. who was for many years a prom- inent member of the Southern Illinois Conference. They spent twenty-six years of wedded life together before the husband was called to his reward. During that period they served the following charges in the Southern Illinois Con- ference- Cairo, Litchfield, Carbondale, Belleville, Lebanon District, and Centralia. Dr. Gillham died at Centralia, May 1 ;, 1Q04. In November of the same year, Mrs. Gillham moved to Los Angeles, California, where she now resides. She is a member of the First Methodist Church of that city, and was a teacher in the Sunday School until compelled by illness to give up her class. She has six living children. AUGUSTUS A. PARKINSON Augustus Alfred Parkinson was born near Highland, Illi- nois, November 14, 1847. He is a son of Hon Alfred J. and Mary E. (Baldwin) Parkinson. He graduated from McKen- dree in the class of 1874, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He studied law in the University of Michigan, and received the degree of LL. B., from that institution. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was a Me thodist in religion and a Republican in politics. He was married in 1876. to Miss Mary Harrison. He practiced law for some time at San Jose, California. He died at Highland, Illinois, May 18, CORNELIA E. SHEPHERD Cornelia Ellen Shepherd was born November 2, 1856, at Lebanon, Illinois. Her parents were Thomas H. and Eliza Shepherd. She entered McKendree in the fall of 1872 and graduated in the class of 1874, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Society. She taught school for two years after her graduation, but her chief occupation during the intervening years has been home keeping. She has always been an active worker in the Methodist Church and a member of the various organizations connected with it, such as the W. F. M. S., the W. C. T. U., and various other social or religious societies. REV. HEZEKIAH M. SHORT Hezekuih M. Short, son of Ignatius T. and Mary Short, was born February 14, 1845, in Macoupin County, Illinois. He became a student in McKendree College in September, 1867 and joined the Platonian Society. He graduated in the class of 1874, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He was admitted to the Illinois Conference in 1875, and was pastor of various charges — among them were Chatham, Merritt, and Hardin. After retiring from the ministry, he went west and engaged in the real estate business in Denver, Colorado. Before entering college he served as a soldier in the Civil War, being a member of the 133rd Illinois Volun- teers. He was married January 10, 1882, to Miss Mattie Cline, of Denver. Their five children are Mabel N., Myrtle E., C. Paul, Hazel R., and Halford D. After going to Den- ver, he was a member of the Trinity M. E. Church and served as class leader and Sunday School teacher. His death occurred May 23, 1901. JUDGE CHARLES E. SMALL Charles Edwin Small was born at CollinsviUe, Illinois, July 27, 1854. His parents were Edwin and Agnes P. Small. He graduated from McKendree in 1874, receiving the de- gree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Society. After leaving McKendree, he studied law at Michigan Uni- versity and was admitted to the bar in 1878, at Kansas City, Missouri. He has devoted his life to the legal profession, having been a member of a leading law firm in Kansas City since 1878. In 1919 he was appointed to the Supreme Court of Missouri. He was married November 12, 1879, to Miss Liura Hughey, of the class of 1875. They have seven chil- dren. The oldest son, Charles H. Small was vice-consul to Bogota, South America, during the years 1910-1912. Judge Small died October 24, 1924- Two Hundred and Jhirty-Tu JAMES A. WILLOUGHBY James Amos WiUoughby was born in Looking Glass Prai- rie, near Lebanon, May 2, 185 ' ;. His father, William E. WiUoughby, was born in Delaware, and his mother, Mary Moore, in Georgia. He graduated from McKendree m 1S74, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Pla- toman Society. From McKendree, he went to the Univer- sity of Michigan, where he received the degree of LL. B m 1876. After that, he engaged in the drug business in Lebanon for four years. He was then elected county clerk and re- corder for St. Clair County and moved to Belleville, where he made his home for the remainder of his life. In 1885 he became editor of the Belleville Advocate and made it a leading paper. In 1890 he was appointed postmaster of Belle- ville. In 1894 he was elected State Senator on the Republican ticket. Governor Deneen made him a member of the Railroad and Warehouse Commission, and he was a member of that body until it was absorbed by the Public Utilities Com- mission. In 1904 he served as Comptroller of the Currency for two banks m Oklahoma, so that his sphere of influence reached beyond the borders of his own state. He was a member of the Masonic Fraternity. He was married No- vember II, 1886, to Miss Lis:;ie V. Hughes. In his later g f a a ieiitiit COLLEOE CHA-PEL, Mloii(l,tn (Biciiiiin, iHerctiibcr 13. ' 1878 ' p. T. KNTltEKIN ' , Pies. INVOCVTIOS. ll OVEKTUKE, •Poet and Peasant, . . (Suppe.; MIS9E3 McCrackek ;inil LEEl-Elt. years, his health was much impaired and he spent much time in the hospital where his death occurred July 4, 1916. He was buried at Belleville, where the most of his active life had been spent There are three other members of this class concerning whom we have no recent information, namely, Beniamin Moore Curtis, Charles Smith Frost, and John Godfrey Goethe. There is a strong probability that all three are dead. Ot Mr. Curtis, we only know that he enrolled in McKen- dree from Summerfield, was a member of the Platonian So- ciety, received the B. S. degree, and some time after his graduation, his address was Topeka, Kansas. Charles Smith Frost was born at Jersey ville, January ai, 1852. He took the first part of his college course at Browder Institute, in Kentucky. He came to McKendree in the fall of 1873, and graduated with the class of 1874, receiving the degree of B. S. It was his purpose to study medicine. John Godfrey Goethe was born in St. Louis, January 25, i8 ' o. He took the first three years of his college course at the Central Wesleyan College at Warren ton. After teaching school for several years, he came to McKendree and finished his course, receiving the degree of B. S. He afterward went to California. We have no late information about him. OU.VTION-, Winch Shall Triumph. .1 U. La1!GE. GiXJA-RTEX, Spiuno IS Coming. . . . (GoMbcck.) Mt.ssES Patkin anil iMcCracken. MESSH8. Entrekin anil Casev. 0U. T10. - W. W Flint. The Victors OK.VTK NMtioua C. S. Fhexrk. eoisro. Safeguards. Uaily n Mis the. Summer Birds 8 Florence I-eefe (DaPinna) DECLAMATION, . Thn Loneliness or Go W. n. PiEiCE t_6= IJE3)EDICTI0N. ' Facsimile of an old programme of the Platonian Literary Society Two Hundred and Thirtv-Tdr. CHAPTER XVIII. Women ni McKendree College IN THE DAYS of the Lebanon Seminary, the institution was co-educational. There is no account of any legis- lation on the subject in the records, but the very first year the school opened there was one woman in the faculty, and while we have no list of the students enrolled, there are traditions that both boys and girls were included. After a few years there seemed to be a disposition on the part of the management to segregate the girl students. In April, 1834, the Board passed a resolution employing Mrs. Peter Akers to be the Principal teacher of the female depart- ment, acting under the superintendence of the president of the Seminary. Her salary was fixed at fifty dollars per session. There were two sessions a year of five months each. In Sep- tember of the same year, another resolution was passed instructing the committee on seminary building to ' make an arrangement and prepare a home for a female school. In January, 1836, a scale of tuition fees was placed in the rec- ords with the statement that it applied to both male and female students. The fees were as follows: For reading, writ- ing, and the four primary rules of arithmetic, five dollars per session. For higher arithmetic, grammar, and geography, without the use of the globe, seven dollars per session. If geography lessons with the use of the globe were desired, the fee was three dollars more. Then we find the statement, In the female department, for drawing, painting, and needle work, three dollars extra. From this it appears that, not only were girls admitted to the school, but as early as i8j6 there was instruction for beginners in the fine arts and home economics. On the same date there is this record: Male and female departments shall be maintained for this session. Also Miss Polly Thorp was elected principal of the Female Department at a salary of one hundred and twenty-five dollars per session. The Board had another meeting in April, 1836, which was about the middle of the session. From the following resolution, passed at that meeting, it may be inferred that the Female Department was doing satisfactory work: Resolved, that it is expedient and the wants of the country demand, of the Trustees of McKendree College, the estab- lishment of a Female Institute connected with the college, but conducted in a separate building with a female boarding house connected with it. And that our agent is hereby authorized and requested to use his best efforts in his con- templated tour in the east, to raise the sum of twenty thousand dollars for that object. In October, 1836, it was ordered that the female school taught by Miss Thorp should be held in the north room of the college building until further orders. It is also recorded that Rev. Rufus Spalding was invited by the Trustees of McKendree to take charge of a female academy. However, there is no record to show that he accepted the invitation. After 1836 there is no mention of girls in the school for more than thirty years. Why they were no longer there, whether they were legislated out or voluntarily withdrew, can be only a subject of conjecture. Mrs. Mary Fitzgerrell, a daughter of Jonathan Moore, came to Lebanon in 1850 as a member of her father ' s family. Her brother, Risdon M. Moore, graduated from McKendree that year and she would have been glad to become a student in the institution, but was not permitted. She attended a school for girls which was held in the basement of the Methodist Church, but for a taste of higher education, was obliged to go to the Illinois Women ' s College at Jacksonville. The first McKen- dree catalogue was published in 1837. It contains no girls ' names. Nor does any other of the catalogues until 1870. By the middle of the century there was a feeling in cer- tain quarters that while it was a fine thing to give educa- tional privileges to the intelligent young men who were to be the leaders of the coming generation, their sisters also should have the same privilege, or at least not be barred from it by a Christian college, for which many noble women had made sacrifices as well as men. It was a sentiment that had to have time for growth before it would be generally accepted. Illinois Women ' s College at Jacksonville, whose first president was a McKendree man, had been in success- ful operation for several years, demonstrating that the women of this western country were capable of acquiring higher education, and that some even at that early day were anx- ious to receive it. Several colleges had already tried the experiment of co-education and some of McKendree ' s pa- trons felt that it would be an appropriate step to admit women to the privileges of higher education. At the meeting of the Joint Board in 1852, President Anson W. Cummings presented a resolution to the effect that women should be admitted to McKendree on the same terms as men. It was discussed a while, then laid on the table until the next annual meeting, and then forgotten. Two Hundred and Thirty-Four In 1865, a committee which had been appointed to con- sider this question, failed to agree. A majority of the com- mittee, thru their chairman, Rev. Joseph Earp, presented a report favoring the proposition, while a minority report against it was presented by Hon. A. W. Metcalf. There was an interesting discussion m which the arguments were not recorded, and then the whole matter was referred to the Southern Illinois Conference, as a means of avoiding de- cision on a question which had strong advocates on both sides. But the question would not down. At the meeting of the Joint Board on June 10, 1868. Dr- B. F. Crary introduced a resolution providing for the ad- mission of young women into the college as students. After considerable discussion it was laid on the table for the present. In the afternoon session of the same day the rec- ord says, The resolution offered by Dr. Crary to admit young women into the college on the same terms as young men was taken from the table, and after some further dis- cussion. Rev. P. P. Hamilton moved that said resolution be laid upon the table and made the special order of business on the second day of the next annual meeting of this Board at 10 o ' clock A. M., which motion was adopted. This action postponed the matter for a year. Then Rev. Ephraim Joy moved that copies of the resolution be sent to each of the patronizing conferences, in order that they might take action in regard to it. Later on the same day, Dr. Crary offered this resolution, Resolved, that the faculty be requested to organize a Normal Department in this insti- tution. Dr. A. C. George moved to amend it by adding the words, To which both males and females shall be admitted. The chairman, Rev. Thomas A. Eaton, ruled the amendment out of order. Then Dr. Crary appealed from the decision of the chair, and when the vote was taken the chair was not sustained. The amendment was then adopted, and then the resolution as amended. If the order of the Board had been carried out immediately and the Normal Department established, girls might have entered McKendree that year by the door of the Normal Department. But it was not done. Another year soon slipped by, and on Wednesday, June 9, which was the second day of its session for 1869, the Board adopted various reports and recommended the class for graduation. Then the hour of ten o ' clock having arrived, according to their legislation of the year before, the resolution in regard to the admission of women as students in McKendree, which had been lying on the table for a whole year, was taken up for further consideration. It was the motion of Rev. Joseph Earp which brought it before the house again. Of course it was discussed again at length. When the vote was taken the result as shown in the records was fourteen yeas and seven nays. This was a clear two-thirds majority m favor and it was declared adopted. It would be interesting to know how each member voted, but while a record of that kind is kept m Congress, it is not in McKendree ' s Board, and as the men who voted that day are all dead, without a single exception, that bit of information is entirely beyond our reach. The resolution, as finally adopted, reads as follows: Whereas the universities and colleges of the west are opening their doors to women, and whereas women need education as much as men, and where- as McKendree College owes a debt of gratitude to noble Christian women, therefore be it resolved that young women be hereafter admitted to all the classes of McKendree College on the same terms as young men. B. F. Crary J. W. Phillips This was a piece of epoch-making legislation in McKen- dree. The admission of women into the college where they had not had any place for more than thirty years worked radical changes in the institution. The presence of the more gentle sex m the class room doubtless had a civilizing and cultural effect on the men of the college and m all probability improved the quality of the education which they secured. Yet strange as it may seem there was a feeling of opposition to this splendid step of progress, on the part of certain students whom the Apostle Paul would likely have char- acterized as lewd fellows of the baser sort. These seemed to have a feeling similar to that of a certain saloon keeper, who, when the temp- erance campaigners came to hold a prayer meet- ing in his saloon, de- clared that it was no place for women. This sentiment was expressed in a college prank doubt- less perpetrated by some of this class of college boys, when the news was spread abroad that women were to be ad- mitted to the college. EDITH FLINT (THRALL) First woman graduate Two Hundred and Thim-Fne s Professor Blair had a gentle mare which he kept tor a driv- ing horse. The next morning this mare was found in one of the recitation rooms on the second floor, with a large placard hung about her neck bearing this inscription First female student in McKendree. Of the men who framed, signed, and presented the reso- lution to admit women, the first. Dr. Benjamin F. Crary, was a member of the St. Louis Conference, which was then an official patron of McKendree and sent Conference vis- PREPARATORY Elizabeth Gray Gilbert Jersey City, H- ]■ Nellie Frances Raymond Lebanon Virginia Laura Thatcher Lebanon Harriet Floyd Lebanon Virginia Leonora Roberts Lebanon Elvira Robinson Cottonwood Grove Jeannette Ross Cottonwood Grove Amelia Frances Slayback Hilhboro Olive Mary Slayback HiUshoro Maggie Elizabeth Gilbert Summerfield Louisa Alice Vollintine Cottonwood Groi ' e 1 EXHIBITION OF THE i ' cijanon |nnalf Institute. Reduced facsimile of programme presented by the pupils of the Lebanon Female Institute, 1S.5S quest, presented the case of Miss Mary Julia Jewett, who according to his statement had completed a course of study about equivalent to the college course and would like to receive the degree of Bachelor of Arts. A committee, con- sisting of Professor Blair, Professor Deneen and Dr. George, was appointed to examine her as to scholarship. The next day the committee presented a favorable report and the degree was granted; so Miss Jewett was the first woman to receive a degree from McKendree. This was in 1869. FRESHMAN Ellen Sophronia AUyn Lebanon Georgiana Floyd Lebanon Adeline Floyd Lebanon Eliza Maria Hypes Lebanon Kate Leonora Parker Lebanon Carrie Hannah Thrall Bone Gap SOPHOMORES Mary Waity Adams Granger, Minn. Martha Jane Toney Lebanon SENIOR Edith Maria Flint Lebano7i itors each year who were members of the Board, the same as those from our own conference. He was at that time editor of the Central Christian Advocate, which was then published in St. Louis. The other. Rev. John W. Phillips, was for many years a prominent member of the Southern Illinois Conference, and served one term as presiding elder of the Alton District. He was a brother of Rev. Daniel W. Phillips, who was afterward president of McKendree. Be- fore ,the close of the session in which the legislation for the admission of women was passed. President Allyn, by re Before women were admitted to McKendree as students, there was a girls ' school carried on for several years in the basement of the Methodist Church in Lebanon. It was known as the Lebanon Female Institute. We reproduce here a program presented by the pupils of that school. It bears no date, but circumstantial evidence indicates that it was some time in the year 1858. The college catalogue of 1870 shows that those names which we have listed above are those of girls who enrolled m McKendree in the fall of 1869. Hundred and Thirty-Six Sl s s CHAPTER XIX. President Locke ' s Administration IN June, 1874, Dr. Robert Allyn notified the Board at their annual meeting that he was not a candidate for re-election, since he had decided to accept the position offered him as Principal of the new State Normal School being established at Carbondale. In that institution whose income was provided thru taxation, there would be no wor- ries about lack of endowment, unpaid salaries, and similar financial inconveniences which he had experienced at Mc- Kendree. The committee appointed to nominate a new president proposed the name of Rev. John W. Locke, of the Southeast Indiana Conference. He was unanimously elected and notified by telegraph. He agreed at once to accept the position, sub- ject to investigation of the conditions, which would take a little time. The salary of the new president was to be $i, ' )00 and that of each professor $qoo, all of which were guaranteed by the Board, regardless of what the income ot the college might be. The outlook for the college was hopeful in many ways, but the lack ot en- dowment made it very probable that the in- come would not meet expenses for the coming year. And the Board still had the arrearages in salaries for several years back to struggle with, as well as cases of unpaid notes and in- terest due the endowment fund. John Wesley Locke, the oldest child of Rev. George and Elizabeth Locke, was born at Paris, Kentucky, February 12, 1822. His father died from exposure while in the Wabash District in 185 ' ;. The widow then opened a young ladies ' academy at New Albany, Indiana, where young Locke taught mathematics at the early age of fourteen. His college education was obtained at Augusta College m Kentucky, where he had as classmates, Randolph S. Foster, afterward bishop, and John Miley, who was for many years was a professor in Drew Seminary. He grad- uated in 1841 when he was only nineteen. The following year he was admitted on trial into the Ohio Conference where he served in the pastorate for seven years. He was the eighth minister of the gospel, father and son in direct line. In after years his son, Edwin Locke, became the ninth m the line of preachers of the gospel. In 1852 he was elected president of Brookville College in Indiana, and served 111 that position four years. He then became presiding elder DR. J. W. LOCKE of the Connersville District. After one term m this field, he was elected to the Ch,ur of Mathematics m Asbury University (now DePauw), He filled that position with a high degree of acceptability for twelve years. Then after a brief pastorate m Jeffersonville, Indiana, he was called to the presidency of McKendree. After four years, in which the college reached the highest point of attendance it had attained up to that time, he then became presiding elder of the Lebanon District. He also served a term in the same office on the Alton District. He also served several of the leading churches in the Southern Illinois Conference as pastor. He had been a member of three General Conferences before he came to Southern Illinois, and he was three times chosen to represent that body. So he probably holds a record of which no other member of this conference could boast, that of having been a member of six General Conferences. Dickinson College honored him with the degree of Doctor of Divinity. He was a fine scholar, an excellent teacher and administrator, a true friend, a pa- triot, a real manly man. He was twice married. First, to Miss Matilda Wood, a daughter of Colonel Wood of Ohio. To them were born two sons and one daughter. The sons, George W. Locke and Edwin Locke, are both dead. The latter was for many years a member of the Kansas Conference, and once secretary of the General Conference. The daughter is Mrs. Bettie Hamilton of Greencastle, Indiana. After the death of the first Mrs. Locke, he was married to Mrs. Mary E. Hill, who was the widow of a member of the Southern Illinois Conference. A few years after this, he retired and made his home m Lebanon. This was m the autumn of i89 ' 5 ' . His death occurred December 29, of that same year. His widow lived in Lebanon for about twenty years after, until her death. It seems appropriate to make a little survey of the college as it was in the beginning of Dr. Locke ' s administration. The catalogue for his first year shows a total of 263 students. One hundred and two of these were preparatory students and the remainder of college grade. The graduating class had nineteen members. The faculty of liberal arts was com- posed of five teachers including the president, who taught Mental and Moral Philosophy. Henry H. Horner was the Two Hundred and Thnty-Seie IMC KENDREE only instructor in the Law Department, there was a teacher of elocution, and a tutor who assisted in the work ot the preparatory department. Among the requirements for ad- mission, we note that a student must be fourteen years old to enter the Freshman class, and in all cases, satisfactory testimonials of good moral character must be presented. In the paragraph on general information, parents and guardians are informed that daily records are kept of the merit and demerit of each student, the former denoting the excellencies of each in his recitations and other college duties, and the latter, his delinquencies and deficiencies of each in his re- spective duties. The president will furnish an exhibit of these records in any particular case when requested by the student or his friends. It is also stated that The Faculty are determined that the college shall not be infested, and the whole community embarrassed and perhaps corrupted by idle and dissolute members. There is an interesting list of requirements: Regular and punctual attendance at the morning services in the chapel, at church, and at the Sun- day afternoon lecture; the strict observance of the hours prescribed for study; the faithful performance of the exer- cises, studies, and duties assigned by the faculty; a prompt account of the reason for any neglect of duty, or absences; the subordination of all other exercises to those prescribed by the Faculty. There is also a remarkable list of prohi- bitions in those days, long before the eighteenth amend- ment: Irreverence during religious services at church or chapel; violation of the Sabbath by engaging in any kind of play or amusement, or by assembUng, except for worship, in the rooms of students or elsewhere; disrespect towards the faculty; ungentlemanly treatment of fellow students or citizens; absence from room during the hours of study; loud conversation, loud laughing, wrestling, jumping or other unnecessary noise in the college buildings or campus; dis- turbance of the regular recitations and exercises in any way whatever; the frequenting of taverns, groceries, billiard saloons, bowling alleys, or any such places of drinking or amusement; lounging about stores or public places, or re- maining there longer than business requires; using profane or obscene language; visiting circuses or shows; keeping pistols, dirk knives or any unlawful weapons; card-playing and gambling of every kind; writing upon or otherwise de- facing the college building or furniture; disorderly conduct at boarding houses or elsewhere; leaving town without the knowledge and consent of the faculty; boarding at hotels or public houses without the written permission of the faculty; tiking lessons in any branch of study, in the regular college terms, from any person not connected with the faculty, ex- cept by permission. A table of average expenses is given to serve as a sort of guide to the prospective student in estimating his necessary expenditures during his college career. By comparing these with the list given in Dr. Merrill ' s time, it will be seen that expenses had increased somewhat, tho it was still not a very expensive proposition to go to college. EXPENSES Tuition in Preparatory Department, per term $6.00 Tuition in Collegiate Department, per term 8.00 Contingent expenses, per term 6.00 Boarding, room furnished, (lights excepted) per week j.50 Washing, per dozen .75 Wood, per cord 2.50 For Law, extra 7.00 For German, French, or Hebrew, extra 5.00 Commercial Department, extra 5.00 All bills must be paid in advance. There is also given in the catalogue a list of th e titles of the Sunday afternoon lectures. One for every Sunday during the college year. The lecturers named are ex-president Allyn, President Locke, Professors Jones, Deneen, Swahlen, and Edwards, Reverends Reuben Andrus, T. M. Post, Earl Cranston, Lyman Marshall, T. H. Herdman. and G. W. Hughey. Dr. Locke was formally inaugurated with much speech- making and enthusiasm in September, 1874. The Board had voted to guarantee the salaries of the president, $1,500 and the four professors, $900 each. These professors were O. V. Jones, S. H. Deneen, W. F. Swahlen, and E. E. Edwards. The regular income of the institution did not fully meet these claims. There were also other arrearages in salaries. President Allyn was not paid up in full and these same pro- fessors had other claims for unpaid salary which were morally just as binding as the one for the current year. In 1872, the Board had voted that interest on the endowment fund, when paid, as it often was, long after it was due, should be applied to the claims of the year in which it should have been paid. But this was not done. When it was needed for current use as soon as it was paid, it was so applied. All these difficulties caused the Board much perplexity and were responsible for many lengthy debates. They usually appointed a committee to consider the matter and then discussed the report at great length. Perhaps they would recommend the appoint- ment of a new financial agent with the provision that the first money he collected should be applied to these deficits. - : s:g and then the matter would rest until the next .mnual meet- ing of the Board. In reference to one of the financial agents, whose name need not he me ntioned here, the report at the end of his first year showed that he had collected enough to pay his own salary except Siof. This of course left the institution $105 deeper m debt than before. He also secured a few thousand dollars in subscriptions to the endowment but it is doubtful whether they were ever paid at all. The Board was also troubled by a note for $ ;,ooo, due to the French estate, with interest at 10%. There was even a claim of $217 still due to Professor S. W. Williams, whose service to the college had been rendered nearly twenty years before. The French note had been due several years and there were many hundreds of dollars of accrued interest, because they didn ' t have enough current income to pay the salaries, so the interest had been neglected, yet the French heirs needed the money and wanted it paid. At the meeting of 1875, the Board appointed a committee to ascertain the assets and liabilities of the institution. They reported the total assets in real estate and endowment to be $92,035, and the liabilities consisted of debts except back salaries due the faculty; to the amount of $6,500, and unpaid salaries $6,605, making a total of $13,105. Therefore the assets ex- ceeded the liabilities by $78,930, which in those days seemed a great sum. Yet those assets were not liquid but so thor- oughly frozen that the institution could not pay its debts. Dr. Locke in one of his reports told of unsuccessful efforts to borrow money and said he was forced to the conclusion that the credit of the college was not good. He said if any one church in the conference owed this debt, he was sure it would be paid, but since the responsibiHty was so widely distributed, no one felt it very keenly and therefore it was allowed to drag on indefinitely. The French note was not paid till years afterward m the administration of President Phillips; and the salary debts were probably never paid. At one meeting the executive committee reported that the faculty would settle on a fifty per cent basis provided the French note was paid. At a later meeting the president reported that the entire faculty would remit all claim to back salaries if the college would pay its other debts and thus stand free of all financial incumbrance. In 1875 the Board resolved that brick walks should be laid thruout the campus. But this was never done. There were only gravel walks until 191 1, when the new dormitories were built, and granitoid walks were laid around the build- ings so far as needed, and down the front from the chapel to the street. The corner entrance to the campus and the winding walk from there to the chapel were not built until 1927. At the session in June, 1877, the following resolution was passed, providing for a music department: Resolved, that the Faculty and Executive Committee be hereby author- ized to engage the services of a first class teacher of music, and as far as possible, organize a department of music for the ensuing college year. The salary ,ind expenses to be paid out of the tuition and rents of such department. During the following year, a Mr. Hodgden was employed to establish the work, but in the first few weeks met with so little re- sponse among the students that he .ib.mdoned the project. In the year 1878-79, the Board authorized the establish- ment of a Commercial Department, and elected Professor J. W. Whittlesey to have charge of it. The catalogues men- tion a Commercial Course as much as two years earlier than this, even indicating the subjects taught and the text books used; but no teacher is mentioned nor any students listed as belonging to the department. At the meeting just men- tioned, a committee was appointed to consider the question of fitting up the Athleton as a home for the Commercial Department. As far as we can learn, this building had been erected chiefly thru the efforts of the students, especially those interested m athletics. In several previous years, re- ports were made in the Board meeting in reference to the Athleteon commending the students on their enterprise, but not acknowledging that the college had any financial respon- sibility m the matter. But athletics in McKendree at that time did not have a very efficient organization, hence interest waned, and the building was for the most part standing idle. The committee of investigation at this time reported that they had difficulty in gaining access to the building, because no key was in possession of the college authorities. When they did succeed in examining the building, they re- ported that it could easily be adapted to the need of a com- mercial department, but that the financial claims of Dr. Allyn ,ind others must be satisfied before it could be taken over for this purpose. The records do not tell us how it was done, but in some way these claims must have been released, for the building passed under college control the same as the other buildings on the hill. This structure was all in one large room with a twenty foot ceiling. It was eventually fitted out with school desks and became a study hall for the use of students between classes. Some member of the faculty was always in charge, to maintain order and preserve proper working conditions. Sometimes he would also carry on a recitation at the front of the room, and then the conditions were not much different from the old time one-room school. Two Hundred and Thirty-H ■cs:: :?:: .. c MC KENDREE fesg: :. .. Students chafed under the rule requiring them to remain in the study hall when not in recitation, claiming that they were not school children who needed to be watched while they studied. So the plan was eventually abandoned, and in 1893, when Morris L. Barr was president and E. B. Waggoner was professor of Science, the building was taken over for the Science Department. This gave opportunity for some expan- sion of that important part of the college work. In 1916, when Dr. Hurt was president, the roof was raised and two other floors built in, so that it became a three-story building, of which the third story contains the chemical laboratory, the second the biological laboratory, and the first floor is divided into three lecture rooms- one for chemistry, one for biology, and one for mathematics. The Commercial Depart- ment never had any very definite quarters which it could claim exclusively, but it had an actual place in the college for about a quarter of a century. It was housed wherever vacant space could be had, even tho at times the rooms had to be shared with other lines of college work. The depart- ment reached its highest point of efficiency while under the direction of Professor Waggoner. Such subjects as short hand and typewriting were taught at different times, tho not con- tinuously. Book-keeping and business arithmetic were re- garded as the foundation stones of a business education. For some years while Professor Waggoner was in charge of it, the Commercial Department had its regular commencement, at which a suitable address was delivered and the graduates received certificates as evidence that they had completed the work. These certificates helped them to procure a posi- tion in the business world, and some thought the department was doing a great work. However, the course could be com- pleted in about six months, and some of these young people who were anxious to get into the business world where they could earn money did not know enough about a real college course to appreciate the years of hard toil and effort which it required, and sometimes told people that they were grad- uates of McKendree College. Evidently the six months grad- uate would not be a credit to a hterary institution. There- fore, to avoid this confusion and sometimes harmful pretense, on the recommendation of President Chamberlin, the Com- mercial Department was abandoned. On June 10, 1875, at the close of Doctor Locke ' s first year, the following degrees were conferred : Bachelor of Arts upon George Washington Atterbury, Charlotte Augusta Dressor, Thomas Edward Green, John Theodore Handsaker, Edward Parker Keach, Edward Henry Parkinson, Charles Sylvester Royse, Hattie Parsis Sargeant, Edward Baker Wag- goner, and Thomas Corwin Watkins; the degree of Bachelor of Science was given to the following: Orla Samuel Casad, Samuel P. Herron, John Warren Hoit, William Harrison Horine, Laura Artella Hughey, Anna Rebecca Laird, John Laird, George Hanna Logan, and George Douglas Phillips. George Washington Hill received the degree of LL. B., Rev. James A. Robinson received the degree of D. D., and the honorary degree of A. M. was conferred upon John D Johnson and Henry Z. Gill. Brief sketches of these will follow, except of those whose biographies appear elsewhere in this work. GEORGE W. ATTERBURY George Washington Atterbury was born at Litchfield, Illinois, in 1854. His parents, A. D. and Julia Atterbury, were both native Americans. He entered college in 1871 and graduated in 1875, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. For two years after his graduation he was principal of the public schools at Jennings, St. Louis County, Missouri. Then for two years he held a similar position at Nashville, Illinois. For the next twenty years he was employed as travelling salesman and bank clerk. Most of the years since then he has been associated with the Atterbury Motor Company, of Buffalo, New York, of which company he has been presi- dent for many years. He was married in 1881 and has four children. Later he moved to the far west. In 1927 he lived at Woodland, Calif. ORLA S. CASAD Orla Samuel Casad was born near Trenton, Clinton Coun- ty, Illinois, January 31, 1846. His parents were John M. Casad and Elizabeth A. Moore. The father was of French descent though American born. When he was eight years of age, the family moved to Summerfield, in St. Clair County, where he grew to manhood. While a mere youth he enlisted in Company B of the 62nd Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, and served three years as a soldier in the Civil War. He entered McKendree in 1872 and finished the Scientific Course in 1875, receiving the degree of B. S. Later he received the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Philosophian So ' ciety. He was married in September, 1876, to Alice M. Babcock. Of their four daughters, one is deceased, two are married, and the other, Josephine, now resides with her parents in Pittsburg, Kansas. After his graduation, Mr. Casad taught school for some years. In 1878, he emigrated to Donna Ana County, New Mexico, where he edited a newspaper and practiced law. In 1880, he came to Crawford County, Kansas, and settled in the town of Pittsburg, where he still lives. He served as postmaster of Pittsburg for four MC KENDREE years and two terms as justice of the peace. He now holds the office of police magistrate. He is a member of the Meth- odist Church and the A. F. and A. M. He was a soldier in the Civil War and a captain in the Kansas National Guards, i8qi-i896. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, and of the G. A. R. CHARLOTTE A. DRESSOR Charlotte Augusta Dressor was born near Greenville, Illi- nois, August ji, 1850. She entered Almira College at Green- ville in 1866. She continued there a year and a half and then after an interval of several years, during which time girls had been admitted to McKendree, she enrolled in that insti- tution in 1871. She graduated m 187 ' ; with the first honors of her class, receiving the degree of A. B. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Socie ty. In the summer of iSv ; she was elected professor of Natural Sciences m the Illinois Fe- male College at Jacksonville. She filled this position only one year and was then made professor of Ancient Languages in the same institution. Her educational career, which promised to be a brilliant one, was cut short by her death September 24, 1876. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. THOMAS E. GREEN Thomas Edward Green was born at ShippenviUe, Penn- sylvania, December 27, iS-iS. He entered McKendree in September, 1872 and graduated in the class of 1875, receiving the A. B. degree. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He attended the Princeton Theological Seminary during the years 1878-79. In 1889, he received the degree of S. T. D. from Griswold College. He was married April 27, 1880, to Laura Elizabeth Johnson, of Mt. Carmel, Illinois. To them were born two daughters, Elinore and Gladys. The former married R. W. Goodell and the latter J. B. Terbell. Mr. Green ' s life work has included the three lines of clergy- man, author, and lecturer. He was pastor of Presbyterian churches at Mt. Carmel and Sparta, and later of the Eighth Presbyterian Church of Chicago. In 1886 he became a mem- ber of the Episcopal Church and served for two years as rector of St. Andrews Episcopal Church, Chicago. From 1888 to 190J he was rector of Grace Church, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. In 1898 he was elected Bishop of Iowa, but declined the office. He also held the following positions of honor at different times: General Chaplain of the Sons of the Revo- lution, Grand Prelate of the Knights Templar, Chaplain First Regiment, Iowa National Guards, Chaplain of the National Democratic Conventions of 1884, 1892, and 1896. He was a deputy to the General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the years 1889, 1892, 189 ' ;, and 1898. He is the author of numerous books and magazine articles, and m 1909- 1910 was associate editor of Hampton ' s Magazine of New York. During the years 190J to 1908, he travelled ex- tensively in Europe and Japan, and in I9i0 ' i9ii, made a trip around the world. He has been a lyceum lecturer since 1903. For some years his residence has been in Chicago. LAURA A. HUGHEY Laura Artelia Hughey was born January 12, iSi ' i, at Rosaclaire, Illinois. She is a daughter of Rev. George W. and Elizabeth A. Hughey. Her father was a Methodist preacher in the Southern Illinois and Missouri Conferences for more than half a century. She graduated from McKendree in the class of 1875, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. After graduation she taught in the public schools of Belleville, lUinois. No- vember 12, 1879, she was married to Mr. Charles E. Small, who was also a graduate of McKendree. Since that time her home has been in Kansas City, Missouri, where her husband is engaged in the practice of law. They have five sons and two daughters. The eldest son was U. S. vice-consul to Bogota, South America during the years 1910-1912. Mrs. Small IS a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. THOMAS T. HANDSAKER Thomas Theodore Handsaker was born in Madison Coun- ty, Illinois, July 6, iSsi- He entered college in the fall of 1868 and graduated in the class of 187 ' ;, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of Plato. He was a Methodist and a Republican. After his graduation, he engaged in jour- nalistic work for several years, and later in educational work. August 6, 1878 he was married to Miss Mary E. Morris, of Cincinnati. They then went to California, where Mr. Hand- saker taught school for many years. He also taught in Oregon for three years. His work was in Orange, California for some years, and later in San Francisco. We have no recent infor- mation concerning him. JOHN W. HOYT John Warren Hoyt was born in Palestine, Illinois, August 22, 1853, and came with his parents to Lebanon in September, 1859. He was a son of John W. and Rowena (French) Hoyt. His father was a local preacher in the Methodist Church and a resident of Lebanon for many years, until his death. His mother was a sister of Governor A. C. French. He re- ceived his education in the public schools of Lebanon and McKendree College, where he graduated in 1875, with the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He graduated from the St. Louis Medical College in 1878, Two Hundred and Forty-Oi riMC KENDREE s: . ? ,r-.. and later went abroad and studied in Germany. He practiced his profession in Olney, Illinois, St. Louis, and Kansas City, Missouri. He was married to Miss Carrie A. Brown ( 8i), of Lebanon, December 30, 1884. His death occurred at Kansas City in 1892, while he was still in the prime of life and in the midst of a useful career. His funeral was held in the Methodist Church in Lebanon, and he lies buried in College Hill Cemetery. SAMUEL P. HERRON Samuel P. Herron was born in July, i8 ' ;4, at Arrow Rock, Missouri. He entered McKendree m 1872 and graduated in 1875, with the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married June 26, 1878, to Miss Emma C. Moore, of Lebanon, who was also a grad- uate of McKendree. His business during most of his active life was that of a druggist. He was located for many years in Chicago, later in St. Louis, and still later in Santa Monica, California. He is now retired from active business and lives in Richmond Heights, St. Louis County. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum. Mrs. Herron died in June, 1927. WILLIAM H. HORINE William Harrison Horine was born at Waterloo, Illinois, July 3, 1855. He entered McKendree in 1871 and graduated in the class of 1875, with the degree of B S. He was a mem- ber of the Platonian Society. Later he studied law and settled in Springfield, Missouri. For many years he had a very suc- cessful practice and he was considered a wealthy man. His death occurred July 19, 1921. His funeral was held in the old church in Waterloo where his Methodist parents had been members, and he was buried in the cemetery at that place. JOHN D. JOHNSON John D. Johnson was born m Belleville, Illinois, April 19, 1S44. He was educated in the public schools and McKen- dree College. However he did not complete the col- lege course, but left school to enter the Union army, where he did service for his country, holding the rank of first lieutenant. In 1868 he moved to St. Louis, where he became deputy county marshall and dep- uty clerk of the Court of Criminal Correction. In the meantime he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1870. Since then he has JOHN D JOHNSON As he appeared in the early part practiced law in St. Louis. For a few years he was in partner- ship with Judge W.C.Jones, but for a longer period with his brother, Hon. Charles P. Johnson. While at McKendree he was a member of the Platonian Society. The college gave him the honorary degree of A. M. in 1875. He is still living, and was present at the Homecoming of 1926. At the reminiscent meeting held in the chapel, he presented a re- ceipt for tuition paid by him to R. M. Moore, Fiscal Agent, in the fall term of 1856. This was evidence that he had been a student in McKendree seventy years before but still in vigorous health and with a figure tall and straight as an Indian warrior. He gave the receipt to the college as an interesting souvenir. EDWIN P. KEACH Edwin Parker Keach was born at Wapello, Iowa, No- vember 4, 185 1. After taking a part of his college course at Westminster College in Missouri, he came to McKendree, where he finished in 1875, receiving the degree of A. B. He belonged to the Platonian Society. He took a Theological course at Danville, Kentucky, where he graduated in 1878. He then entered the ministry of the Presbyterian Church and served several pastorates, mostly in Missouri. He was also for a time editor of the Texas Presbyterian. Later he became a missionary to the Cherokee Indians, with head- quarters at Hulbert, Oklahoma. He was married November 7, 1878, to Miss J. Russell. To them were born five chil- dren — Edith, Annie, Louise, George, and Edwin. The young- est daughter, Louise, married Rev. A. W. Moore, who be- came a missionary in India. ANNA R. LAIRD Anna Rebecca L.iird was born in Jefferson County, Illi- nois, April JO, 1850. Her parents were Nicolas and Jane (Martin) Laird, who were both native Americans. She be- came a student m McKendree in the fall of 1872 and grad- uated in 1875, with the B. S. degree. She was a member of the Clionian Society. After graduation she taught school two years, then took a course in a business college in Evans- ville, Indiana. Then after teaching two years more she was married to Mr. Peter Smith, March 24, 1880. He died in 1890, leaving no children. Mrs. Smith, being compelled to support herself by her own efforts, found employment in a woolen mill at Topeka, Kansas. In 1906 she secured a position in Oakland, California, but two years later she became a member of the Old People ' s Home, Anderson, Indiana, where she is comfortably spending her declining years. She is a member of the Church of God. Tifo Hundred and Fort ' i-Two iK g REV. JOHN M. LAIRD John Martin Laird was horn in Jefferson County, Illinois, October 22, 1848. He entered McKendree m the fall of 1872 at the same time with his sister, and they both graduated in the class of 187 ' ;, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of t he Platonian Society. In June, 1875, he was mar- ried to Miss Lizzie Meyers. To them were born three sons, Charles N., John F., and Walter P., and one daughter, Blanche. He joined the Southern Illinois Conference in 187=; and served m the regular pastorate till 1892. He then with- drew from the Southern Illinois and went to Oklahoma. Af- ter some time he resumed the work of the ministry, and several years later he was transferred to California, where his death occurred at Fort Jones, April 7, igoq. GEORGE H. LOGAN George Hanna Logan was born in Big Prairie, Illinois, Sep- tember 4, i8 ' ;5 and died in the same community December 31, 18S7. He was a son of Thomas and Lucy (Land) Logan After receiving a public school education, he entered Mc- Kendree and graduated m the class of 1875, with the degree of B S. He was a member of the Platonian Society. After graduation he spent some years m teaching, and was also for some time engaged in the jewelry business, being a mem- ber of the firm of Logan and Snively; but the greater part of his life he spent m agricultural pursuits. He was married March 27, 1879, to Miss Margaret Williams, who was also for a time a student at McKendree This union was blessed with five children -Ella Maud, Lucie Belle, Thomas Wyatt, Helena Lee, and William Tuley. The last named died in infancy. Two of the daughters are married. Mr. Logan was a faithful member of the Methodist Church, and m poli- tics a Republican. GEORGE D. PHILLIPS George Douglas Phillips was born at Nashville, Illinois, in September, 1856. His father was a prominent member of the Southern Illinois Conference and for years a member of the Board of Trustees of McKendree. His uncle, D. W. Phillips, was for several years president of McKendree. Mr. Phillips graduated in 1875, with the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He was engaged in business in Alton for some years, and later moved to Chicago. REV. EDWARD H. PARKINSON, D. D. Edward Henry Parkinson, son of Alfred J. and Mary E, (Baldwin) Parkinson, was born at Highland, Illinois, January 10, i8 ' i2. After completing the public school courses, he entered McKendree, and having finished the classical course, he received the degree of A. B. in June, 1875- He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. After leaving Mc- Kendree, he entered Garrett Biblical Institute, where in 1878 he received the degree of S. T. B. He afterward received the Master of Arts and in 1892 the degree of Doctor of Divinity from his alma m.iter. He was married October 20, 1881, to Miss Carrie Hollis He has been a Methodist for more than half a century and for over a quarter of a century a Methodist minister. The active years of his ministry were spent chiefly m Kansas, so that he had a share in freeing Kansas from the liquor traffic. For eleven years he lived in Chicago and inaugurated various movements in behalf of national prohibition. Among these may be mentioned the hand-to-hand and house-to-house campaign for the distri- bution of literature to the voters. Another campaign dis- tributing circulars and posters by mail to reach every county in the United States. He then began a movement through the newspapers, furnishing short articles to as many as a, thousand newspapers in a single year. Later he was active in circulating petitions to present to Congress m the interest of nation-wide prohibition. He lived to see the i8th amend- ment passed and died March 17, 192:,. He was buried at Celphos, Kansas. He was one of God ' s noblemen. MRS- HATTIE SARGEANT THOMAS Hattie Persis Sargeant was born m Lebanon, Illinois, in , i8s5. Her parents were John L. and Abigail (Danforth) Sargeant, who were among the early settlers of the town of Lebanon. After attending the public schools, she entered McKendree and graduated in the class of 1875, with the degree of A. B. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married June 30, 1880, to James H. Thomas, of Belleville, who about that time became editor of The Belleville Advocate. After a residence of five years in Belle- ville, they moved to Denver, Colorado. Mrs. Thomas ' two sons, John and Garland, both grew to manhood, but the elder, a youth of great promise, died soon after graduating from the school of mines. The younger is now in business in Chicago. Mrs. Thomas died at Chicago, August 29, 1920. REV. CHARLES S. ROYSE Charles Sylvester Royse was born at New A lbany, Indi- ana, April 8, 18 ' ii. He entered McKendree in September, 1870, and graduated m June, 187-;, with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He was a student for a time in Garrett Biblical Institute, and then entered the ministry of the Methodist Church. He preached five years in Illinois, five in Iowa, fifteen in Minnesota, and five in Dakota. He is now on the retired list. He was mar- ried April 16, 1876, to Rose A. Nichols. Four of their chil- Two Hundred and Forty-Th MC KENDREE : .. , .. dren are now living; George, Maud. W.ilter, and Clara. Mrs. Royse died August ii, 191 1. PROF. EDWARD B. WAGGONER Edward Baker Waggoner was born in Madison County, Illinois, near the village of Godfrey, August 22, 1852. His father, Wesley F. Waggoner, was a farmer, but also a car- penter and mechanic. His mother ' s maiden name was Eliza Ferguson. There were five children in the family, of whom Edward B. was the oldest, and the only one still living. He received his early education at the Bethany country school, near Godfrey, entered the Preparatory Department of Mc- Kendree in 1869 and graduated from the college in 1875, receiving the de- gree of A. B., and later, A. M. He was one of the honor men of his class and a member of the Platonian Society. He spent some time teaching before he finished his college course, but after his graduation he made it the regular business of his life, and his career as an educator continued without interruption for more than half a century . He taught successively at the Jones school, east of Brighton, the Ferguson School, north of Bright- on, the Bethany School, the Piasa School, served a year as principal of the Chatham schools, then spent a year in graduate work at Valparaiso University. He was then elected professor of Science in Mc- Kendree in 1881. He continued in the McKendree faculty until 1922, with the exception of one year when he was professor of Science in Southwest Kansas College at Wmfield. He thus rendered full forty years of service in McKendree, and then tapered off with five years of service as teacher of Science in the Lebanon High School. At that time, real- izing that the work was heavy for one of his years, he decided to retire. His alma mater then employed him to build up and care for a museum such as McKendree ought to have. This is work to his liking, for when he was pro- fessor of Science, he collected a large amount of material which he will now re-assemble as soon as suitable provision can be made for its proper display. Professor Waggoner has always shown especial skill in the work of teaching, as many hundreds of students will testify. His aim was always, not only to impart knowledge, but to develop character. He has been for many years and still is an active worker in the Methodist Church .ind Sunday School. He served for more PROFESSOR WAGGONER than thirty years as superintendent of the Methodist Sun- day School in Lebanon, and for many years was active in the work of the Epworth League. He has served as district president of that organization. He has ser ' ed as an institute speaker, not only in the County Institutes of the public schools, but also Sunday School and Epworth League Insti- tutes. He has always been a loyal citizen of the community and nation, a Republican in poHtics, but always standing for good government and the principles of righteousness in his own community. He is a charter member of the M. W. A. in Lebanon. Professor Waggoner has been twice married. First, to Ella L. Sargent, of the class of 77 in Mc- Kendree, in 1883. Their four children were Carrie L., Leroy S., Ella Mabel, and LottieA. Of these, only two are now living, Leroy and Mabel, now Mrs. R. C. Sayre, of Decatur. His present wife, before her marriage, was Miss Ella Cowen, of Jersey ville. She, too, is the mother of four child- ren, Marian E., a teacher in Kankakee, Morris, who has been a high school teacher for some years in northern Illinois, Beatrice C, now Mrs. Bertram Jones, and Kenneth C, who is teaching in Kentucky. Mrs. Waggoner also attended McKendree before her marriage, ,ind has been a life long Sunday School worker. Both she and her husband are still teachers in the Sunday School. She is active in the Missionary Society and other organizations of the church. Also she was the founder and has been, for twenty-two years, the president of the Lebanon History Club. REV. THOMAS C. WATKINS, D. D. Thomas Corwin Watkins was born at Antrim, Ohio, March 7, 1847. He completed his course in McKendree in the class of 1875, receiving the degree of A. B. He also received the degree of A. M. in 1878 and D. D. in 1887 from his alma mater. He completed a course in Boston University School of Theology and received the degree of B. D. from that institution in 1878. While m McKendree he was a mem- ber of the Pl.itonian Society. He was married to Miss Emm.i D. Hadley, a teacher, in Medford, Massachusetts. Their sons, Thomas Webb and Charles Hadley, are both t;raduates of Harvard. The former has been for a number Two Hundred and Forts-Four MC KENDREE of years principal of Kent ' s Hill Seminary, which is a Meth- odist secondary educational institution in Maine. Their daughter, Margaret, graduated from Boston University in the class of 1913. Mr. Watkins began preaching the Gospel in his youth. He supplied charges in various places while getting his education. He joined the New England Confer- ence in 1878, and was a member of it for the remainder ot his life. One of his notable achievements was the establish- ment of the Stanton Avenue Church in Boston. He organized the church, starting with only four members, and led them in the enterprise of erecting a new church building. It is now one of the strong churches of that New England city He was for six terms secretary and two terms president of the Boston Preachers ' Meeting. For fifteen years he was secretary and treasurer of the New England Conference Bureau of Entertainment. He retired from the active pas- torate in 1920, but retained certain duties in connection with the conference until the time of his death, which oc- curred on September 21, 1924. His last charge was Needham Heights, which continued to be his home until his death. It is claimed that he was the first to suggest the motto of the Epworth League, Look up, lift up. THE CLASS OF ISTlj LOUISE C. BLUME Louise Charlotte Blume was born January 19, 185J, at Pleasant Ridge, Madison County, Illinois. She is a daughter of John H. Blume, Sr. and Christine (Dierking) Blume — both German. She first became a student in McKendree in Jan- uary, 1873 and graduated in June, 1876, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was employed in educational work from the time of her graduation until her retirement. She taught in the schools of Madison County for thirty-three consecutive years, elev- en years of this time, in the Granite City schools. For four years or more she was a member of the faculty in the Bible Training School in Fort ' Wayne, Indiana. She had charge of the departments of English and German. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, though a lover of all the churches, and an earnest active Christian worker m whatever line of service the opportunity offered. Her death occurred at Edwardsville, Illinois March 13, 1921. CHARLES P. BELL Charles Patterson Bell was born January 20, 1859, at Ullin, Illinois. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1873 and became a member of the Platonian Society. He graduated in 1876 with the degree of B. S. He intended to make the law his profession and settle in Cobden, Illinois. In religious belief he was an Episcopalian, m politics a Republican. Later he went into the mercmtile business in Little Rock, Ar- kansas, where he died m 1881. FRANKLIN P. CREWS Franklin Pierce Crews was horn at Island Grove, Illinois, December 23, i8 ;4. He entered college in 1872 and joined the Platonian Society. He graduated in the class of 1876, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. In politics, he was a Democrat, and in religion a Methodist. After he left college, his home was in Teutopolis, Illinois He was ad ' mitted to the bar in 1878, and intended to make the legal profession his vocation. We have no recent information con- cerning him. LLEWELLYN CALHOUN Llewellyn Calhoun was born near New Boston, Mercer County, Illinois, March 11, 1849. He is a son of Dr. David and Susannah Calhoun. His father died when he was but a small child, and later his mother married an ignorant man who opposed young Llewellyn ' s efforts to secure an educa- tion. He therefore secured his schooling, b oth in the district school and in McKendree, in the face of much opposition and entirely without assistance from his family. He paid his way chiefly by teaching school at intervals alternating with his years in school. He entered McKendree in 1867 and graduated in 1876, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was mar ' ried February 24, 1876, which was his senior year in college, to Miss Rebecca Mildred Rutledge. She was elected an hon- orary member of the class of ' 76. He then studied law and graduated from McKendree ' s Law Department in 1879, re- ceiving the degree of LL. B. His little daughter one year old was made an honorary member of the class of 1879 She is now Mrs. Grace R. Seabott. Since his graduation, Mr. Calhoun has been engaged in various occupations. He taught school four years; was in the railway mail service during President Garfield ' s administration; was travelling salesman in Texas and the Southwest; in 1885 he entered the field of journalism and worked on the Fort Worth (Tex.) Gazette, the Dallas and Galveston News, the St. Louis Republic, and the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. In 1890, he became editor of the Fort Worth Evening Mail; and during the years 1892-96 he was editor of Industrial Education at Fort Worth, Texas. During the years since that time he has been engaged in the adjustment of insurance for several of the old line companies, which work has taken him to all parts of the United States, and to Canada, Alaska, Mexico, West Indies, and the Bahama Islands. His home at present is in Seattle. Hundred and Fortv-Fue MC KENDREE s: ; - . .. Washington. He is a member ot the Christian Science Church and the Knights of Pythias. HON. PLEASANT T. CHAPMAN Pleasant Thomas Chapman was born on a farm in Johnson County, Illinois, October 8, 1854. His parents, D. C. and M. E. Chapman, were of English ancestry. After receiving his early education in the home schools, he entered McKen- dree in 1871, and after completing the Classical Course, he received the A. B. degree in 1876, and A. M. in 1879. After leaving college he read law and was admitted to the bar in 1878. He located at Vienna, Illinois, which is still his home. He has served two terms as county judge, two terms as county superintendent of Schools, three terms as State Sen- ator, and has ably represented his fellow citizens as a member of Congress. He has also for many years been engaged in the banking business. He was married to Miss May Copeland, December 20, 1882. Of their four children, one daughter died in infancy; the elder son, Ward, Hves in Chicago and is special agent for the National Fire Insurance Company; their daughter, Marian, married Lieutenant Paul C. Rabory, of the U. S. A. , the younger son, Ralph, is teller in the First National Bank of Vienna. Mr. Chapman is a member of the Methodist Church, a thirty-second degree Mason, member of the I. O. O. F. and the Knights of Pythias. EDWIN W. DRESSOR Edwin Washington Dressor was born at Cottonwood Grove, Illinois, December 12, 1854. He entered McKendree in 1869, and after completing the Scientific Course, he re- ceived the degree of B. S. in 1876. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. In politics, he is a Republican. He married Miss Mary Kirkland and established a residence near Greenville, Illinois. After a long career as a successful farmer and stock -raiser, he retired from active business and now resides in the city of Greenville. WALTER C. GOFORTH Walter Cyrus Goforth was born at Mt. Carmel, Illinois, September i j, 1856, and died in St. Louis, Missouri, October 3,1, 1911. He entered McKendree in 1872 and graduated in 1876, receiving the degree of A. B. Later he received the Master ' s Degree. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1880. He practiced his profession in St. Paul, Minn, for many years until failing health compelled him to abandon pro- fessional work. In his later years he travelled much, and while seeking to improve his health, spent winters in Florida and in California. While at the seacoast he gathered shells from both oceans, carefully classified them, ,ind after pro- viding a handsome glass cabinet for their proper display, presented his entire collection to McKendree College. He was married October 3, 1883, to Miss Julia Belle Nichols, of Lebanon. Their deaths occurred within a month of each other. They left no children. They were both buried m College Hill Cemetery. REV. JOHN N. HUGGINS John Newton Huggms was born at New Athens, Illinois, August 31, 1856, and died at his home in Statesville, North Carolina, December 5, 1909. He became a student in Mc- Kendree in 1 87 1 and graduated in 1876, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary So- ciety. He studied law and practiced this profession two years in Belleville, Illinois. Later he moved to Miami, Mis- souri, where he practiced law for several years. While at McKendree, he was converted and joined the Methodist Church. Having for some time felt called to the work of the ministry, in 1884 he gave up the law and entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, becom- ing a member of the Southwest Missouri Conference. He ser ' ed as pastor at Carthage, Brooklyn Avenue, Kansas City, presiding elder of the Springfield District, Jefferson City, and Marshall. In 1899, failing health led him to seek a differ- ent climate. He was transferred to the Western North Caro- lina Conference and here served as pastor at AsheviUe, Con- cord, and Lexington. In 1907 he was made presiding elder of the Statesville District, which position he held at the time of his death. He was married March 24, 1887, to Miss Janie Pipkin, daughter of W. H. Pipkin, at that time post- master of Springfield, Missouri. Their three children are Harvey, Helen, and Reuben. The eldest died at the age of seven, while his father was pastor in Jefferson City, Mis- souri. Mrs. Huggins, since her husband ' s death, has resided in Springfield, Missouri. SYLVESTER M. IRWIN Sylvester Milton Irwin was born in Montgomery County, Illinois, October 27, 18 ' ; i, of native American parents. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1870 and graduated in 1876, with the degree of B. S. He received the degree of M. S. in i88i. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was married in October, 1876, and has three sons, Walter S., Ira M., and Roy L., ranging in age from thirty-five to twenty-five. They are all engaged in business in Decatur. In the years intervening since his college days, Mr. Irwin has spent sixteen years as a pharmacist and twenty as a manufacturing chemist. He was for eighteen years office manager of the firm of Irwm, Neisler, ? Co., Manuficturing Two Hundred and FortyStx Pharmacists. He is at present general manager ot the Bush- way Extract Company, of Decatur, Illinois. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since he was sixteen years of age. His home is at Decatur, Illinois, where he has resided for many years. JUNIUS N. McCURDY Junius N. McCurdy was born at Augusta, Arkansas, April 7, 1856. His parents were Isaac M. McCurdy, of Scotch descent, and Sarah Elizabeth (Quitt) McCurdy, who was of English ancestry. He entered McKendree in Septem- ber, 1871, and graduated in the classical course m June, 1876, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, that of A. M. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After graduation, he was engaged in mercantile business for a per- iod of about twenty years. He was mayor of his city for six years and city recorder for four years. He is still prominent in political circles. He is a member of the Knights of Honor, the Legion of Honor, and the Woodmen of the World. He was married February 18, 1880, to Miss Ella M. Cornelius. They have six children living, and all grown to maturity. They are Junius C, Edward P., Isaac M., Ara Bessie, Laura Maude, and Floy Lucile. Mr. McCurdy s home is still at Augusta, Ark. JOSEPH W. McKEE, M. D. Joseph William McKee was born May 5, 1854, at Sum- merfield, 111. His parents were Dr. Samuel P. McKee, a native American and one time member of the Board of Trustees of McKendree College, and Mary M. (Thompson) McKee, a daughter of Rev. Samuel H. Thompson, who was one of the founders of McKendree College and twice president of its Board of Trustees. Mr. McKee entered McKendree as a student in 1872 when he was a youth of eighteen, and grad- uated in 1876, with the degree of A. B. In June, 1879, he received the degree of A. M. He afterward took a medical course in the Northwestern University Medical College and received the degree of M. D. in 1884. While in McKen- dree he was a member of the Philosophian Society. After graduating, he taught in a country school two years and was two years principal of the school at Rich view, Illinois. After finishing his medical course, he located in Kansas City, Mis- souri, where he has been practicing medicine ever since. He took a post graduate course in the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary and since that time his practice has been limited to his specialty — the diseases of the eye, ear, nose, and throat. He was married September 28, 1886, to Miss Emma Parkinson, of Highland, Illinois. She was the youngest daugh- ter of Hon. Alfred Parkinson, at one time a member of Mc- Kendree ' s Board of Trustees. Their children are Wilbur P., Joseph Wallace, Raymond E., and Mary Mildred McKee, Dr. McKee is a member of the Jackson County Medical Society, the Missouri State Medical Association, and the American Medical Association. He belongs to the Howard Memorial Methodist Church m Kansas City and his been Sunday School superintendent for many years. MRS. EMMA CARRIE HERRON Emma Carrie Moore was born at Lebanon, Illinois, being the daughter of Thomas and Mary J. (Nichols) Moore, who were both native Americans. She attended the public schools of her home town and then entered McKendree in September, 187J. She completed the scientific course and graduated m June, 1876, receiving the degree of B. S. Later she received the Master ' s Degree. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. In June, 1878, she was married to Samuel P. Herron, who was also a graduate of McKendree, class of ' 75. She has resided for long periods both in Chicago and St. Louis, where her husband was engaged in business as a druggist. Their home was at Santa Monica, California for some years, and later m Richmond Heights, St. Louis County. In religion, Mrs. Herron was non-sectarian. She was a mem- ber of the St. Louis chapter of the Daughters of the American Republic. She died in St. Louis, June 17, 1927 and was buried m College Hill Cemetery. ANDREW J. PENROD Andrew Jackson Penrod was born in Union County, Illi- nois, January 8, 1850. His parents were Allen and Lucinda Penrod. After completing the course at McKendree, he re- ceived the degree of B. S. in 1876, and later, M. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After his graduation, he spent ten years in teaching; then for a number of years engaged in mercantile business, and later was soli- citor for several different firms in commercial business. He has also been in newspaper work as correspondent for several different papers. He was married October 19, 1890, to Miss Mattie Delleney. They have one daughter, Viola. They lived for a number of years in Brownwood, Texas, and later, in Dallas. Mr. Penrod is not a member of any church or lodge, and in politics, he is an eclectic, having voted at different times with the Republican, Populist, and Socialist parties. JUDGE M. W. SCHAEFER Martin W. Schaefer was born at Troy, Illinois, March 20, 1857. He IS a son of Jacob and Margaret (Noll) Schaefer, who are natives of Bavaria, Germany. He entered McKendree as a student in 1870 and graduated in 1876; but was out of Two Hundred and FortySev g s school two years of that time. He received the degree of A. B. m 1876, and in 1879 he completed the law course and received the degree of LL. B., and at the same time that of A. M. While in McKendree he was a member of the Pla- tonian Literary Society. The same ye;ir he graduated he was admitted to the bar in the state of Illinois. He was married November 11, 1879, to Louisa Weigel. Their children are Edna, now Mrs. M. L. Harris; Elmer, died in 1898; Leota, now Mrs. G. L. Tarlton; and Edwin, Otho, and Corinne. Mr. Schaefer practiced law in Belleville from about 1887. He held the oflice of city attorney of Belleville for six years, state ' s attorney of St. Clair County for two terms of four years each. He was elected judge of the Third Judi- cial Circuit of Illinois in 1897, which office he held for a term of six years. He then became a member of the law firm of Schaefer and Kruger, of Belleville, and engaged in the gen- eral practice of law. He was also general counsel of the East St. Louis and Suburban Railway Company, and the Alton, Granite City and St. Louis Traction Company. He was a member of the German Evangelical Church at Lebanon, 111. He became a member of the Odd Fellow ' s Lodge in Lebanon in 1880, but later was a member of the Pride of the West Lodge No. 650, Belleville. In 1892-189?, he was Grand Master of the Illinois Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows. He died at Belleville, March 21, 1922. JUDGE ALBERT WATSON, LL. D. One of the most highly respected and influential citizens of his community is Judge Albert Watson, of Mt. Vernon. He is the younger son of Joel F. and Sarah M. (Taylor) Watson, and was born at Mt. Vernon, Illinois, April 15, 1857. His native city has been his home all his life. He was educated in the public schools of Mt. Vernon, and after finishing the high school, entered McKendree College, where his older brother, Dr.WalterWatson, had previously taken his col- lege course. While at Mc- Kendree he was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was graduated in the class of 1876, receiving the degree of B. S. After that, he studied law in a law office in Mt. Vernon and was ad- mitted to the bar. Since that time the legal profession has JUDGE WATSON been his major interest during his long and active career. He was married August 12, 1880, to Miss Mary Eunice Way Their four children are Mrs. Marina W. Frazier, of Ocono- mowoc, Wisconsin; Captain Joel F. Watson, U. S. A., San Francisco, California; Miss Alice E. Watson, Ph. D., a teacher in Forest Hills, Long Island, a suburb of New York City; and Allen Stanley Watson, attorney-at-law, Mt. Vernon, Illinois. Judge Watson, in addition to his work as a lawyer, has engaged extensively in the banking business. He was for fifteen years president of the Ham National Bank of Mt. Vernon. He was also founder, and for some years president of a number of village banks in surrounding towns. He was twice city attorney of Mt. Vernon, four years state ' s attorney of Jefferson County, and two years master in chancery. In 191 1, on the death of Judge Vick- ers, of the Supreme Court of Illinois, Governor Dunne could find no more suitable person to fill the vacancy than Mr. Watson. And thus he became a member of the highest court in the state, a position which he fills with great acceptability. Among the honors that have come to him from his fellow workers in the legal profession is the presidency of the Jefferson County Bar Association, which position he held for twenty years. He was also one of the founders and first president of the Bar Association of the First Supreme Judi- cial District. Among the specific instances of service rendered during his legal career, it should be mentioned that he has been for fifty years attorney for the L. £s? N. Railroad, and at the same time, for many years attorney for the Southern and C. 6? E. I. Railroads. In June, 191 5, he became president of the Illinois State Board of Law Examiners, and still holds the position. In the discharge of his duties in this office, he has examined about ij,ooo applicants for admission to the bar. He believes in fraternalism and is a member of the Knights of Pythias. He was Grand Chancellor of Illinois in that order in 1909-1910. He was in charge of the completion and dedication of the Pythian Orphans ' Home at Decatur, Illinois. The dedication ceremonies took place June 9, 1910. Judge Watson was reared in a Methodist home and for sixty years has been a member of the First Methodist Church in Mt. Vernon. For many years he has been a trustee of that body. Since October, 191 ' ?, he has been teacher of the Men ' s Bible Class in the Sunday School of his church. This class IS an outstiinding religious organization with a large enroll- ment, and maintains an average attendance of about one hundred. Two Hundred and Forty-Eiglit At the session of the Southern Illinois Conference held at McKendree College in 1927, he was elected by an almost unanimous vote of the Lay Electoral Conference, as leader of the Lay Delegation to the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, which meets in May. 1918, at Kansas City, Missouri. At the time of the Civil War, Judge Watson was only a child, and therefore could take no part in it. When the United States entered the World War, he was beyond the age of active service at the front, but his patriotism was plainly shown in his efficient service as chairman of the local draft board, from April, 1917 to February, 1918. At that time he was promoted to the district draft board, where he served till Armistice Day, 1918. Each of these boards achieved a Number One rating from the War Department, hi 1904 he was the nominee of his party for the office of Attorney General of Illinois. Although not elected because his party was in the minority at that time, yet he ran far ahead of his ticket. Because of his accomplishments out in the work-a-day world, Judge Watson was selected as one of the chapel speakers who addressed the students in chapel, one each week during the Centennial year at McKendree. At a meet- ing of the Board of Trustees and Visitors in September, 1927, the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was bestowed upon Judge Watson, and it should be stated that this honor came to him unsolicited and without his knowledge. It was therefore the spontaneous recognition of true merit and service. THE CLASS OF 1877 EDWIN L. ASH Edwin Linder Ash was born on a farm at Turkey Hill, in St. Clair County, Illinois, October 9, 1857. He was a son of John P. and Sabina Ash, who were both native Amer- icans. When their sons were of suitable age, they moved to Lebanon to give them a better opportunity to secure college training. Edwin L. entered college in March, 1874 and graduated in June, 1877, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He spent the greater part of the twenty years fol- lowing his graduation in the west. He died at Ogden, Utah, January 21, 1897, leaving a widow, but no children. STEPHEN M. BAILEY Stephen Milburn Bailey was born near Lebanon, Illinois, November 26, 1857. His parents, Stephen and Mary Bailey, were both natives of the state of Delaware, and both died in Lebanon at a very advanced age. Mr. Bailey entered Mc- Kendree m the fall of 1872, and having completed the scien- tific course, received the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1877. Later he entered the University of Michigan and graduated from that institution m 1880, with the degree of LL. B. While in McKendree he was a member of the Pla- tonian Literary Society. He was married November 26, 1885, to Miss Louisa K. Gerne, of Lebanon. They have two children, Leon and Irene Bailey. After completing his education, Mr. Bailey went west and located in Fairbury, Nebraska. There for many years he has been engaged in the gram, coal, and stock business. He was a Democratic pres- idential elector in 1904 and 1912; mayor of Fairbury four terms; county treasurer four terms; and a banker for many years. He has been Chapla in of the Blue Lodge; Commander and Shriner of Masonry; a member of the Order of Elks, Knights of Pythias, and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. MRS. IDA BLANCK BAKER Ida Belle Blanck was born in Lebanon, Illinois, August 15, 1858. Her parents were Charles and Jennie (Cape) Blanck, the former being of German and the latter of Amer- ican ancestry. She became a student in McKendree in 1873 and graduated in the class of 1877, with the degree of A. B., later receiving A. M. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. While a student, she won the Citizen ' s Prize in June, 1875, as the best reader. She is a member of Grace Methodist Episcopal Church in Chicago. She was married August 3, 1878, to Hon. James D. Baker, then of Lebanon, Illinois. They resided for many years in Chicago, where Mr. Baker died some years ago. Mrs. Baker still has her permanent home in that city. ATKINS H. CARTER Atkins Harrison Carter was born at Butler, Choctaw County, Alabama, January 18, 1853. His parents were Joel D. and Amelia S. Carter, who were both of pure English stock. He became a student in McKendree in September, 1873 and graduated in June, 1877, with the degree of B. S. later receiving the degree of M. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He studied law at the Union College of Law in Chicago and received the degree of LL. B. in 1 88 1. He has not devoted all his time to the law since then, but for twenty-four years has been principal of the public school in Fort Smith, Arkansas. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. He was married December 25, 1883, to Miss Mattie E. Liggett, of Oswego, Kansas. They have no children. Two Hundred and FortyHii __ MC KENDREE MRS. ANNIE CUNNINGHAM PEARN Annie Cunningham was born at Lebanon, February iS, 1857. She is the daughter of Dr. Richard F. and Mary (Risky) Cunningham. Her father was a member of Mc- Kendree ' s first graduating class. She entered McKendree in 1872 and graduated in the class of 1877. She delivered the salutatory in Greek as her part of the graduating exercises. While in McKendree she was a member of Clio, and she belongs to the Methodist Church. She was married at Leb anon, March 30, 1880, to John Grigg Pearn, of Beardstown , Illinois. For many years their home has been at Ashland, Illinois. MINERVA E. LANE Minerva Ellen Lane was born at Marshall, Illinois, in 1859. She is a daughter of Rev. Joseph Lane, who was a member of the Illinois Conference of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. Her mother ' s maiden name was Hannah A. Piggott. Her father was especially active in the pastoral phase of church work and was particularly successful in clearing up church debts as well as misunderstandings among the members. The mother was active in the missionary work as well as an ardent student of general literature and the Bible. She believed heartily in education, and when she was left a widow with two children, George and Minerva, she made it the ambition of her life to give them a good education. She came to Lebanon where they both attended McKendree. The brother pursued the course as far as the senior year when he dropped the college work and took up the study of law. He afterwards became a successful lawyer. Minerva finished the college course, graduating in the class of 1877 with the degree of A. B., and in 1880 received the degree of A. M. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society and was noted for the efficiency with which she filled the office of treasurer. After her graduation she taught school for a time at Elsah, Illinois. She then accepted a position as book-keeper for an implement firm in St. Louis, and then was employed for some time by a real estate company. For many years she has been secretary of Forest Park University, a young ladies school of St. Louis. In this position she is the efficient assistant of the president and does much field work in securing students for the institution. She is a woman of much ability in this line of work. Some years ago she com- pleted the course of the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. REV. EDWIN G. LOCKE, D. D. Edwin Garretson Locke was born at Brookville, Indiana, February 9, 1857. He was the younger son of John W. and Matilda Locke. His father was many years a member of the DR. E. G. LOCKE Southern Illinois Conference and for four years president of McKendree College. He en- tered McKendree in the fall of 1874 and graduated in the class of 1877, while his father was president of the college. In 1896, Taylor University honored him with the degree of D. D. While in McKendree, he was a member of the Philos- ophian Society. After his grad- uation, he taught school for three years, two in Illinois and one in Holly Springs, Mississippi, and studied law in the office of Hon. Charles W. Thomas, of Belleville, during the vacations. He then changed his plan, and yielding to the call to the ministry, he joined the Kansas Conference in 1881. During his ministerial career he held some of the important charges of his conference, both in Kansas City and Topeka. He also served as presiding elder of the Topeka District. He served for twenty years as secretary of his conference and twice represented it in the General Conference. In the general con- ferences of 1896 and 1900 he was associate editor of the Daily Christian Advocate. In 1916 he was secretary of the General Conference. Dr. Locke was twice married. Paul, the only child of his first marriage, died in infancy. His sec ' ond marriage was to Miss Mary A. Myers, of Jefferson ville, Indiana. The children of this marriage are John M., who died in youth, and two daughters, Rachel, and Ruth Joan. Dr. Locke was a forceful and attractive public speaker and did much work in this line for the church and other good causes outside of the regular work of the ministry. His death occurred June 14, 1918. MRS. ELLA SARGENT WAGGONER Ella Lovell Sargent was born August 10, 1857, at Lebanon, Illinois. Her parents were John L. and Abigail (Danforth) Sargent, who were of English ancestry. She entered Mc- Kendree in 1872 and graduated in 1877, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married July 3, i88j, to Prof. E. B. Waggoner, of McKendree College. To them were born four children: Carrie, Roy, Mabel, and Lottie. They were all students in McKendree. Carrie died in California some years after her marriage. The others live in Illinois, except Lottie, who was a trained nurse in St. Louis, and later in Oklahoma. She was married to Mr. Whitlatch. Her death Two Hundred and Fifty occurred a few years later as the result of a surgical oper.i- tion. Mrs. Waggoner was a member of the Methodist Church. She was a good home-maker and a faithful mother to her children. She died after a short illness at her home in Lebanon, February i8, i8q2. THE CLASS OF 1878 JOHN F. ASH John Fremont Ash was born in the Turkey Hill settle- ment, in St. Clair County, Illinois, September 29, 18 ' ; ' ;. He was a son of John P. and Sabina Ash, who were both Amer- icans. When their sons were of suitable age they moved to Lebanon to give them an opportunity to secure a college education. John F. became a student in McKendree in 187J and graduated in June, 1878, receiving the degree of A. B. At the same time he also received the degree of LL. B. and was admitted to the bar for the practice of law the same year. He was the salutatorian of his class and won a prize m an essay contest. He was a member of the Platonian Society. He was a Democrat in politics. He went west and located in Denver, Colorado, where he died August ji, 1805. WILLIAM J. BADLEY William Johnson Badley was born at Upper Alton, Illi- nois, May 26, 1852. He became a student m McKendree m 1875 and graduated in the class of 1878, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Society. At the time he was attending McKendree, his father was a farmer living near Summerfield. He left college intending to follow the profession of a druggist. He went to Mariana, Arkansas, where he was married to Miss Lena Wright, De- cember 15, 1879. He died at that place March 13, 1880, as the result of a severe attack of pneumonia. He was a Metho- dist m religion and a Democrat in politics. GEORGE L. BROWN George Luther Brown was born at Lebanon, Illinois, April 20, 1858. His father, Luther Brown, was a native of Ver- mont, of English ancestry. His mother, Caroline E. Baldwin, was a native of New York and of Scotch descent. George grew up in Lebanon, attended the public school, and entered McKendree in 1874. He graduated in 1878 with the degree of B. S., and later received that of M. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After graduation, he was engaged in general merchandise for eight years in New- ton, Illinois and at Lebanon. In 1886 he went to Arkansas City, Kansas and engaged in insurance and real-estate busi- ness. The following year he moved his family to that city, which has been his home up to the present time. In 1896 he became the president and general manager of the Brown Investment Company with headquarters at Arkansas City. This company is still doing a flourishing business. In 1907, Mr. Brown was elected mayor of Arkansas City. He served one term and declined to be a candidate for a second, since he did not find political life agreeable. He was married Sep- tember 14, 1881, to Miss Iva Lee Wise, of Lebanon, who was one of his classmates at McKendree. They have three sons and two daughters, all now living. AUGUSTINE P. CARTER Augustine Peck Carter was born at Beardstown, Illinois, February 22, 18 . He was the son of Thomas H. and Marcia (Peck) Carter. He graduated from McKendree m the class of 1878, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He was married July 20, 1882, to Miss Frances Henderson. They have one child. Miss Marcia Peck Carter. He spent his life as a railroad man. He was first employed as a clerk in the Division Super- intendent ' s office of the St. Louis Division of the Chicago, Burlington, and Qumcy. He served m various capacities during his lifetime in the employ of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern and the Great Northern Railway. When death came Nov. 20, 1903,, he was General Adjuster and Claim Agent tor the Norfolk and Western Railway at Roa- noke, Virginia. He was a member of no church or lodge. His widow, Mrs. Frances Henderson Carter, lives m New York City. She suggests the following quotation as suitably characterizing her late husband : His life was gentle, and the elements so mixed m him that nature might stand up and say to all the world, ' This was a man ' ! EDWARD A. DENEEN Edward Ashley Deneen was born March 10, 1861, at Lebanon, Illinois. He was the eldest son of Professor Samuel H. and Mary F. (Ashley) Deneen. He became a student in the Preparatory Department of the college in 1872, and continued in school until he completed the classical course in 1878 and received the degree of A. B. He was the vale- dictorian of his class. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society and voted with the Republican party. In May, 1881, he entered the United States Mail Service as postal clerk, but on account of failing health he resigned this position March ji, 1882. He died of consumption Feb- ruary 12, i88j. REV. FRANK W. DOWNS Frank Washington Downs was born m the state of Ohio, February 9, 1853. He became a student in McKendree in the early seventies and graduated in the class of 1878, re- Two Hundred and FiftyOne ftMC KENDREE : ,... ;,. ceiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Pl.i- tonian Society. He was an enthusiastic young orator, and represented McKendree in the state oratorical contest held in Monmouth in 1877. He was also the Flag Orator at McKendree in 1876. He entered the ministry of the Meth- odist Church and spent the best years of his life in that branch of service, working chiefly in the far west. He was located for a number of years in San Diego, California. He was married September 17, 1885, to Miss Elinor Lemen, of Collinsville, Illinois. They have one son, Robert F. Downs. ROLAND H. HORNER Roland Henry Horner was born at Lebanon, Illinois, Sep- tember II, 1858. His parents were Henry Hypes Horner, who was a native of Lebanon, Illinois, and Helen (Danforth) Horner, who was descended from some of the Mayflower immigrants. ' He entered McKendree in 1874 and graduated in 1878, receiving the degree of A. B. Later he received the degree of Master of Arts. While in McKendree he was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He also studied law and was admitted to the bar in Illinois. He was married in 1884 to Miss Louise Sauter. They have two daughters, Ethel and Helen, who are graduates of McKendree; and four sons, two of whom have been students in McKendree. Mr. Horner was employed two years on the surveying corps of the Union Pacific Railroad, several years as superintendent of gold and silver mines in New Mexico; was also mine superintendent in Georgia. Since 1894 he has been a lawyer in Lebanon. He has held the office of city attorney and mayor of Lebanon. He has also been justice of the peace in Lebanon for many years. KATE C. LIGGETT Kate Clara Liggett was born at Lebanon, Illinois, May 29, 1854. Her father was William C. Liggett, of St. Louis, who was of Scotch-Irish descent, and her mother was Ellen O. (Whitney) Liggett, a native of Vermont and of English ancestry. She entered McKendree in the fall of 187 ' i and graduated in June, 1878, receiving the degree of B. S. She afterward received the degree of M. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. GEORGE W. LOCKE George William Locke was born in April, 1852. He was the older son of Rev. John W. and Matilda Locke. His boy- hood was spent largely at Greencastle, Indiana, where his father was professor of Mathematics in De Pauw University. In 1874 the father became president of McKendree and his sons became students in the institution. George W, grad- uated from the Law Department in 1878, receiving the de gree of LL. B. He was employed as a teacher for some years and spent a few years as a member of a surveying company in Indian Territory. He then engaged in the real estate busi- ness in East St. Louis for a number of years, and later followed the same business in St. Louis. He was married to Miss Fannie Parker and had one daughter, Mrs. David R. Smith, of St. Louis. He suffered a paralytic stroke in 1896, from which he never entirely recovered. His death occurred in St. Louis, in June, 1918. He lies buried in College Hill Cem- etery, at Lebanon. HON. CICERO J. LINDLY Cicero Jefferson Lindly was born near St. Jacob, Madison County, Illinois, December 11, 1857, ' ' i ' l his home in Greenville in September, 1926. He entered McKendree in the early seventies and would have graduated in the class of 1877, but having decided to turn his attention to the law, he dropped his regular college course to give his time to the law course. He then finished in the class of 1878, receiv- ing the degree of LL. B. He was a member of Philo. He was married December 22, 1880, to Miss Alice J. McNeil, of Greenville. Their three children are all deceased. The death of his son when a lad of a dozen years or so was especially sad. He accompanied his father on a trip to Colorado, and there sickened and died. In 1880 Mr. Lindly purchased a section of land near Greenville, where he lived till 1900, when he moved into the city of Greenville and resided there for the remainder of his life. He was prominent in various political circles. He was a presidential elector in 1884, casting his vote for Blaine and Logan. He was a del- egate to the National Republican Convention in Chicago in 1888. In 1890 he was a candidate for Congress, but was defeated by a small majority. In 1891 he received the entire Republican vote of the Illinois Legislature for United States Senator, but Former-Governor John M. Palmer was elected by a majority of only three votes. In 1897 he was appointed Chairman of the Railroad and Warehouse Commission by . Governor Tanner. In 190J he was elected to the Illinois Legislature and served six years. In 1913 he was appointed Master in Chancery of Bond County. He was a member of the Christian Church, a thirty-second degree Mason, a Knight Templar, a Shriner, an Odd Fellow, an Elk, a Knight of Pythias, and a Modern Woodman. MRS. SARAH MILLS PRIBBLE Sarah Marguerite Mills was born at New Albany, Indi- ana, May 10, 1857, and died at Lebanon, Illinois, June 21, 1897. She was a daughter of Robert and Sarah (Norvell) Fifty-Two MC KENDREE Mills, who were both native Americans. She entered Mc- Kendree in 1872 and graduated m 1878, receiving the degree of B. S. Later she was granted the degree of M. S. For twelve years after her graduation she was a teacher, and organized a literary society and a Sabbath School m the neighborhood where she taught. In August, i8qo, she was married to Thomas J. Pribble. They had three children, Clark, Arlie, and Grace. She was a member of the Presby- terian Church and was a faithful worker m every line of endeavor which she undertook. MRS. ADDIE MOORE SAGER Addle Viola Moore was born in Lebanon, Illinois, Sep- tember 21, 1859. She was a daughter of Thomas and Mary (Nichols) Moore, and was a grand-daughter of one of the founders of McKendree. She graduated in the class of 1878 with the degree of B. S. She was a member of Clio. She was married September 21, 1881, to Charles E. Sager, of Lebanon. They spent most of their lives in St. Louis where Mr. Sager was m business, though for a few years of their later life they lived in Lebanon, while Mr. Sager was a partner in the hard- ware business which was established by his father in an early day. Their son, Roy, was a student in McKendree. Mrs. Sager died in October, 1923 and was buried in College Hill Cemetery. She was a member ot the Methodist Church and of the Daughters of the American Revolution. MRS. HATTIE MORRISON MILNOR Hattie Alicia Morrison was born at Carmi, Illinois, April 12, 1856. Her parents were Rev. A. B. Morrison, a native of Ohio, and formerly a member of the Southern Illinois Conference but later of the Southern California Conference. Her mother, Charlotte Milner, a native of Ireland, died in 1892, at Santa Monica, Calif. She entered McKendree in the fall of 1874 and graduated in June, 1878, receiving the degree of B. S., and three years later, M. S. She was a member ot the Clionian Literary Society and held the oiBce of pres- ident of that organization. After her graduation she taught school for five years, holding positions at Anna, Cobden, and Litchfield. She was married April 2, 1884, to Mr. M. M. Milnor, a druggist of Litchfield, Illinois, and her home has been in that city ever since. She is an active worker in the Order of the Eastern Star and for two years served as Worthy Matron of that order in Lavonne Chapter No. 5 ' i, located at Litchfield. ALLAN D. METCALFE Allan Deneen Metcalfe was born at Edwardsville, Illinois, October 17, 1859, and died in the year 1902. He was the son of Hon. Andrew W. Metcalfe, and his wife, Sarah Deneen Metcalfe. After receiving training in the public schools, he entered McKendree College and graduated 111 the class of 1878, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. Later he grad- uated from the Chicago Law School and was admitted to the bar in 1882. He practiced law m Edwardsville. He was married m January, 1885, to Miss Lillie Wheeler, of Edwards- ville. Their children are Donald W., Margaret, and Jessie, all of whom are now living. MRS- JULIA NICHOLS GOFORTH Julia Belle Nichols was born at Lebanon, December 19, 1857, ' i ' died in St. Louis, Mo., September ix, 191 1. She was a daughter of William and Caroline Nichols, both of whom were natives of Kentucky. She grew up in Lebanon, was educated in the public schools and McKendree College, where she graduated in the class of 1878, receiving the de- gree of B. S. She was married to Walter C. Goforth, of the class of 1876, October 3, 1883. They lived for many years in St. Paul, Minnesota, and later in St. Louis. She preceded her husband to the grave by lust one month. They left no children. OSCAR L. PARKINSON Oscar Louis Parkinson was born at Highland, Illinois, December 24, 1856. He is the son of Alfred J. and Mary E. (Baldwin) Parkinson, of whom the former was born in Ten- nessee and the latter in the state of New York. He entered McKendree in the early seventies and graduated in the class of 1878, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married December 2, 188 ' ;, to Miss Virginia Parkinson, of Mineral Point, Wis- consin. They have two children, Florence A, and Donald L. He lived in Kansas for a time, but in recent years has resided at Harrison, Arkansas, which is his present home. He has been engaged in farming, the hardware business, and real estate business. He and his son are proprietors of the Pine Hill Dairy Farm, where they raise thoroughbred Jersey cattle and Duroc Jersey hogs. He is a member and a prominent worker in the Methodist Church, in which he has served as trustee, class leader, and Sunday School superintendent. For years he has been a radical Prohibi- tionist. JUDGE FRANK PERRIN Frank Perrin was born near Mascoutah, in St. Clair Coun- ty, Illinois, September 10, 1858. His parents were Frank and Catherine Perrin, who were of French descent. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1874 and completed his course in 1878, receiving the degree of B. S. He then pursued his law course in McKendree and received the degree of LL. B. in Two Hwidred and FtftyThrcc i88o. From that time on he devoted his whole hfe to the profession of law. He practiced law in Mascoutah for many years, and was for fourteen years city attorney in that place. Other positions which he held might be mentioned as follows: ten years a member of the C!ounty Board of St. Clair County; two years assistant State ' s Attorney; four years county judge in Belleville; and for the remainder ot his life, probate judge. He had but a few months to serve to complete another term at the time of his death in 1Q26. He was a reliable and faithful public officer in every position he held. He was first married to Miss Amelia Letherbury, and after her death, to Miss Ida Ludwig. As a result of the first marriage, he had two sons and one daughter. By the last marriage, he had one son. For many years he lived in the city of Belleville, and as long as he filled his last public position he was ex-officio custodian of the museum of the St. Clair County Historical Society. RICHARD THATCHER Richard Thatcher was born near Mt. Pleasant, Illinois, March 23, 1846. His parents were Rev. John and Virginia (Bolls) Thatcher. His father was a member of the Southern Illinois Conference. When he was in his sixteenth year, he entered the Union army as a drummer boy in the iiith Reg- iment of Illinois Volunteers. At the close of the war he was presented with a drum by the officers of the regiment in recognition of his faithful service. Before the Battle of At- lanta, he was taken prisoner and confined for two months in Andersonville prison. From the effects of this experience he never fully recovered. While in prison he became a friend of Boston Corbett, the slayer of John Wilkes Booth. In 1866 he entered McKendree, but after one year he left college to engage in teaching. Later, he returned and completed the course, graduating in 1878 with the degree of B. S. Later, he received the M. S. He was a member of the Philosophi.in Literary Society. After graduation he was engaged in high school work for some years in the state of Kansas, also for a time, in newspaper work. In 189J he was elected president of the new Central State Normal School, at Edmond, Oklahoma. Here he taught for sixteen years, until failing health compelled him to give up the work in 1909. He was married in September, 1869, to Melissa D. Deford, of Ashley, Illinois. Of their five children, the oldest, a son, died in infancy. Their daughters, Edna, May, Blanche, and Ethel, are all married and living in the west. He died November 28, 1909. He was reared a Methodist, and for some time was a preacher in the Southern Illinois Conference, but on account of throat trouble, was compelled to abandon the work. Loiter in lite he was a Presbyterian as a matter of convenience. In 191 1, a bronze bust of him was placed in the school where he taught so long, bearing this inscription: Dedicated to the memory of Richard Thatcher, by his friends, fellow-teachers, and pupils; his brethren of the Ma- sonic Order and G. A. R., and his co-workers in the church. PROF. HENRY D. WALKER Henry Dew Walker was born in Illinois, February 2, 1849, and died at Olathe, Kansas, February 3, 1909. He was a son of the Rev. Samuel Walker, who was for many years a mem- ber of the Southern Illinois Conference. At the age of twen- ty, he entered McKendree and became a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After being out of school at intervals in order to earn expense money, he graduated in the class of 1878, receiving the degree of B. S. He was en- gaged in teaching nearly all his life in several different Hnes. For a number of years before his death he was in charge of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum at Olathe, Kansas. At his death he left a widow, who now resides in Pasadena, California. WILLIAM C. WATKINS William Clement Watkins, son of J. R. and Margaret Watkins, was born at Antrim, Ohio, May 10, 1856, and died at Fairfield, Illinois, May 21, 1891. While a student in McKendree, he was a member of the Platonian Literary So- ciety. He graduated from McKendree in the class of 1878, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. He was a brother of Rev. Thomas C. Watkins, of the class of 1875. In October, 1880, he was married to Miss Lou Hall, of Huey, Illinois. To them were born two children, Charles and Clara. The former is married and lives in Los Angeles, California. The latter is now Mrs. Clayton Hale, and also lives in California. Mr. Watkins occupation was the real estate business, in which he was engaged for a number of years at Fairfield, Illinois. He was a member of the Methodist Church and of the Odd Fellows Lodge. MRS. IVA WISE BROWN Iva Lee Wise, a daughter of Adam H. and Julia A Wise, was born at Lebanon, Illinois, June 9, i860. Her youth was spent in her native town and she became a student in Mc- Kendree in 1874. She graduated in the class of 1878 with the degree of B. S. She was a member of Clio. She was married September 14, 1881, to George L. Brown, of Leb- anon, who was a member of the same graduating class. They have three sons and two daughters, all living. Their residence was at Newton, Illinois and Lebanon until 1887, when they moved to Arkansas City, Kansas, where they have lived ever since. She is a member of the Methodist Church. Two Huticired and F jty-Four MC KEN DREE : ; . ,;. . CHAPTER XX. College Papers in hicKendree ' he first college paper published at McKendree was known as ' The Lebanon Journal. As early as 1836 It was proposed in the Illinois Conference that a semimonthly paper be published at the college, that would serve both as a college paper and a conference paper. The members of the conference pledged themselves to act as agents for the paper but not to be financially responsible for It. However, this proposal was not carried out until 1847, when Rev. Erastus Wentworth was president of the college. At the annual meeting of the Board in 1847, legis- lation was passed authorizing the college to publish a semi- monthly paper, beginning with the first week of November. As a matter of fact the first issue was dated December 9 1847. The delay was on account of securing the means nec- essary to start the enterprise. The explanation given by the publication committee in the first issue was that they had to build a printing office and procure a press, type, fixtures and other equipment. For the means of securing all these things they were entirely dependent on the donations of friends of the enterprise. The announcement says, We now have a good office, pre.ss, and new type. It ought to be stated that for the labor of erecting the office building thev were chiefly indebted to Rev. G. W. Robbins, then presid- ing elder of the Lebanon District, and who was a carpenter before he became a preacher. The Journal was not a student publication, as were most of the later papers issued at Mc- Kendree, but was edited by the faculty, and published by the Joint Board through a committee appointed for the pur- pose. Only the printer was a student. His name was Thomas G. Weeden. He was a practical printer, having served his apprenticeship in the employ of the Garrollton Gazette, in Green County, Illinois. At McKendree he divided his time between the paper and his college studies. His work was creditable tn both lines. The editor-in-chief was Dr. Wentworth, president of the college, with all the rest of the faculty as his assistants. However, after the first issue, the president ' s many duties took him away from home so much that the editorial work was mostly done by other members of the faculty. The assistants whose names appear with Dr. Wentworth ' s in the first issue, were Professors Cummmgs, Mattison, Good- fellow and Goheen. It appears that the editorial responsi- bilities fell chiefly upon Professor Cummings during the re- mainder of Dr. Wentworth ' s term and after Dr. Cummings became president. Professor James Leaton did the most of the editorial work. After carefully looking through the twen- ty-six numbers which constitute volume one of the Lebanon Journal, one is led to the conclusion that it is not only a college paper but a church and family paper as well. It is a folio sheet with four pages, twelve by eighteen inches, care- fully edited, and containing not only church news but articles of a literary and scientific nature, such as you might expect to find m a good magazine, and would be interesting not only to college students but also to intelligent people m general. The editor ' s salutatory m the first number contains the following: If it be asked by what authority we assume the responsible office of conductor of a public print, be it known that among the multiplied ex-officio relations of our present position (President of McKendree College) some prying genius has discovered that of editor, or rather chair- man of a corps of editors, of the Lebanon Journal. The Journal will be devoted to local news, general mtelli ' gence, literature, science, moraUty and religion. If we shall succeed in our present intent of gathering up and condensing for our little sheet, a suitable variety of entertaining and useful matter for the pleasure and profit of our readers, we shall not only congratulate ourselves upon our success, but shall feel that without boasting we may apply to our sheet the lines of one of the old poets, ' The bee is little among such as fly. But her fruit is the chief of sweet things ' . From the publishers ' address we quote the following: The Lebanon Journal will be published semi-monthly at the rate of one dollar per annum, in advance, or one dollar and twenty-five cents if not paid till the expiration of six months. No labor will be spared to make it a good family paper and an efficient .luxiliary m the promotion of useful intelligence, science, literature, sound morality, and pure religion. It will eschew the ultraism of the day, party in politics, and bigotry in religion. There is a brief description of Lebanon under the caption, Our Village. There is reference to its location and climate; then the statement that the high road from Vincennes to the principal commercial mart of the far west passes directly through the place. The amount of daily travel usually sur- passes the estimate of those who have not witnessed the hourly passage of teams of every description wending their way to market, to swell the business of the capital of the Two Hundred and F. tv-Fiie MC KENDREE ' ' : .. . ,..- Great Valley. This will one day he the route of railroad communication between Cincinnati and St. Louis. The tele- graph line already passes along our principal thoroughfare. Some four hundred people inhabiting the rolling ridge which bears the popular name of the ancient land of cedars, deem themselves particularly fortunate. For a place of its size ours does its share of the country ' s business. In addition to its stores and machine shops, it has a steam flour mill and a site has been selected for the erection of a steam saw mill. Living is cheap, the climate healthy, and work abundant. What more can any people wish, with the blessing of Provi- dence, to make them wealthy and happy? Belleville is referred to as a thrifty village, destined to become a city. It had at that time three thousand inhab- itants, of whom one-half were German. Chicago had a pop- ulation of twenty thousand and St. Louis had sixty thousand. So that at the middle of the last century, St. Louis was three times as large as Chicago, while now the ratio of the two cities is just the reverse. Illinois had just ratified her new constitution. It was stated that a justice of the peace in Pike County was opposed to the new constitution because he had sworn to support the old one when he entered upon the duties of his office. The paper philosophizes upon political situations and announces candidates, but does not side with any particular party. Questions of church policy are discussed and even the opinion of a Methodist bishop is boldly and freely controverted. An item entitled, Literary Societies of McKendree College s.iys, The Philosophian has been re- suscitated and a new one created with the name ' McKendree College Lyceum. ' Both are in a flourishing condition. There is a column of college news which tells, .unong other things, that the Wesleyan University at that time had one hundred and nineteen students, under the direc- tion of a president, four professors and two tutors. Dick- inson had a student body of on e hundred and seventy-five and a faculty of eleven. Professor Stoddard of Middlebury College (Vermont) had resigned his position on account of ill health. Indiana As- bury University expected more of its teachers than Dick- inson for it had two hundred and thirty-seven students in charge of five professors. Nearly two columns of the paper are devoted to adver- tisements. Among them is one for the college. An announce- ment signed by E. Wentworth, president, states that The next quarter of McKendree College will begin Wednesday, December 2j. For terms see advertisement. It seems a little strange to us of the present day that the new quarter should begin just two days before Christmas. In these times it would be impracticable to get the students to begin any- thing but a hohday so near the great international festival. The advertisement states that the fees are to be paid in advance. For the quarter of twelve weeks, the fees were: Tuition, $6.00; Room rent, $i2. ' )0: Library fee, twenty-five cents; Contingent fee, sixty-two and a half cents. No de- duction or refund in any of these except in case of sickness. Board in the Commons, $1.25 a week. Students furnish their own fuel and lights at about twelve and a half cents per week for each; and all room furniture except stoves. Indi- viduals board themselves at about fifty or seventy-five cents per week. Books furnished at less than St. Louis retail prices. There was also a Funny Column from which we quote two samples: ShaJ espeare Modernized — As two loafers, sitting m front of a ten pm alley, were exchanging hopes and sympathies, one drew his wallet from his pocket and said, ' He who steals my purse steals trash. ' Yes, ' replied the other, ' and he who filches from you your good name, takes from you what you never had ' . ' Curious Excise Entry — Alexander Gun, an officer in Scotland, being dismissed from employment for making an error in his returns, an entry was made in a book kept for that purpose, as follows: ' A gun, discharged for making a false report ' . It gives news, local, national, and international. The editor comments on the fact that a telegraph line is being construct- ed from the east to St. Louis, and right thru Lebanon, but regrets the fact that his town cannot afford a station on the line, but news going over the wires must go through to St. Louis and then back to Lebanon by stage coach. But he consoles himself with the prediction that it will not be many years till there will be a railroad to St. Louis. He also refers to and most heartily approves the construction of macadam roads between Belleville and St. Louis, and part way between Belleville and Lebanon. The paper also contained announce ' ment of steamship sailings and arrivals at the Atlantic sea- board; congressional news; an article in the scientific column on the theory of hailstones; an account of a railroad meeting, held for the purpose of trying to induce the Ohio and Miss- issippi Railroad Company to build their proposed railroad through the town of Lebanon, which they eventually did, or at least near it; funerals and weddings thruout the terri- tory, and in case of a wedding, sometimes an acknowledg- ment that cake had been received by the editor; accounts of temperance meetings and Sunday School conventions and Two Hundred and F.ftv-S: MC KENDREE camp meetings; a warning to be prepared for a cholera epi- demic ; a discussion of the new republic in South Africa • the story of an encounter with an alligator in South Carolina ; an anecdote of Dr. Chalmers; arguments on the importance of Sabbath observance; and many other things, similar and dissimilar. It gives a much fuller account of the session of the Illinois Conference, held in Belleville in September, 1848, than can be found in the conference minutes. It was presided over by Bishop Morris. It began on Thursday and continued till a week from the following Friday and the appointments were read late that night. So that it lasted fully nine days. The appointments are published for the eight districts of the Illinois Conference; also for the four districts of the German Missions, and the three districts of the Missouri Conference. Peter Akers was appointed presiding elder of the Qumcy District, Peter Cartwnght of the Springfield District, and Colin D. James of the Lebanon District. The last named was the son-in-law of Dr. A. W. Casad, of Lebanon, and the father of Dr. Edmund J. James, late president of the Uni- versity of Illinois. Dr. Casad was a long time resident of Lebanon and one of the founders of McKendree. His pro- fessional card as a physician is found in the advertisement column of the Journal. The pastor appointed to Lebanon was Rev. William ClifFe, with Daniel Fairbank as his assist- ant. Four men were appointed to McKendree College, name- ly: Erastus Wentworth, president, and Anson W. Cum- mings, Spencer Mattison, and William Goodfellow, pro- fessors. The other member of the faculty at that time, Dr. S. M. E. Goheen, was a physician instead of a preacher and not a member of the conference. The next issue of the paper gave the reports in full of the various conference committees, and a two and a half column account of the bishop ' s sermon. In one issue is a long article discussing, Objections to Sus- taining Colleges. It sets forth that some have objected to making contributions to McKendree on the ground that it was established for the education of rich men ' s sons. A bit of statistical information is found, that there are thirty thousand clergymen of all denominations in the United States at that time, which was doubtless interesting to many readers, since it was before the day of the World ' s Al- manac. There are biographical sketches of some of the early Methodist pioneers, letters of Peter Cartwright, and sto ries of Jesse Walker. There is a vigorous article on the subj ect of fencing, cleaning up, and beautifying College Hill Cem- etery; and a suggestion that like treatment ought to be given Shiloh Cemetery. One issue contains the story of a Frenchman who was exhibiting some sacred relics to wondering tourists. Among other things, he showed a sword which he claimed was the sword which Balaam had when he would have slain the ass. A spectator remarked that Balaam did not have any sword on that occasion, but merely wished for one. Very well, replied the Frenchman, this is the one he wished for. That Frenchman must have many direct de- scendants in the European countries today. One article quotes from the Northern Christian Advocate . That paper, giving a review of the Illinois Conference min - utes, calls attention to the preachers ' salaries m Illinois, stating that the largest salary received m that conference was three hundred and forty-four dollars, by Dr. Akers. The others ranged from one hundred to two hundred and fifty. The Northern concluded with the remark that The preachers of Illinois are not likely to become rich, though they live m a rich country. The Journal points out that the minutes only report cash payments and take no account of other items received by the preachers, such as donations for the table, house rent, fuel, horse feed, etc., and concludes with the statement that Illinois preachers are as well sup- ported, if all Items are considered, as the average of those in the east. Though it is rare for a Methodist preacher to get rich, it IS equally rare for a faithful and efficient laborer to Starve. From occasional references to that point, we conclude that The Journal had about one thousand subscribers; but many of these did not pay promptly and some not at all. It was issued continuously from the college press for five years. But by 1852 its debts had accumulated to a point where they were embarrassing. So the Board of Trustees decided to abandon the publication of a paper. During its later years, it had changed its title somewhat and was called The Illinois Advocate and Journal. This indicated that It was becoming more of a church paper, and the leaders of the Illinois and Missouri Conferences felt that it was needed in their work. Therefore, retaining so much as pos- sible of the subscription list, the printing office was closed in Lebanon, and another opened in St. Louis, and the paper was moved to that city under the name Central Christian Advocate. The General Conference of 1852, held in Boston, failed to adopt it as one of the oilicial papers of the church, so it was conducted for four years as an unofficial church paper in the interest of the conferences contiguous to St. Louis. During these years it was edited by Rev. W. D. R. Trotter, 1852-1854, and by Rev. John L. Conklin, 1854- Two Hundred and F. tv-Set LEBANON JOURNAL . , S. Maituos, W. Gooon 8; M. E. GoBE LEBANON, ILLINOIS, THURSDAY, OCTOBER IS, Rev. Davhs GTohli Sonia} at ( «Df( ' rea(«— BbbopS Sermon, _. ii - t«|Ai.-l fliuKO m BcUtnUemu cruwdeil a u Mriy hnor, Iho aides wore doealj r liol, imoj r tbe forlorn bow of the U ' va oo i as ablr. is a !Tcr. He hi ' David (or i lling to do Ihc 1 Krolher Jiiiics, ol UrcenviUo circuit, said— ened a fountain There is a vow upon me. I must speak. When ' Ev.rrlne ' of Uu j 4)oy ; but his g the reason of the deluge. Come dowh to | now ? God i Psalmist ' s day — God looked down from l Wbrk now, hi en upon the children of men to see if there in the house did understand, that did seek U is ijujrhaus gone back — they j ed. But bow shall we, know that we are sane- 1 art- allugethcr become filthy — there is none that i tified,? By the direct vjitnefs of the Spirit, the i d..elh good, no not one ' ! Listen to Isaiah, deep, powerful injj resMpn ' which amounts to Brothf Jesse Renfro, a local pr«3iCher, re- Hcar, 0.beavens,andg;ireear,Oaiirth, I have consciousnHs C ' s Vrocbunation of hkoselfllTlftHted— lfe«l,it to be a great prirUege to be nounshedAndbroughtupcbildren,ft]idtheTh Tobjasilcnt, yet uriteislakaBle influence. TTuits [ in the Cijmpany of so many n ' rebelled agaiiist me , ITm ' wboIe head is 1 should follow. In cdnfmna ' IB grace conquered me. l have sul- a£iction,butoutofaU God has ' de. , feared for the ebtjit . tjrinkiojr. i Reduced facsimile of Lebanon Journal which later became the Central Christian Adv 1856. The General Conference of 1856 took it over into the family of advocates anid since that time it has been one of the official papers of Methodism. Its editor for the quad- renium 1856-60 was Joseph Brooks; for the next four years it was edited by Charles Elliott. In 1864 Dr. Benjamin F. Crary was elected editor and held the office for eight years. In 1872 Dr. Benjamin St. James Fry was chosen editor and continued in that important position until the end of his life, which occurred only a few months before he had finished four quadreniums of service. The Book Committee appointed Dr. Samuel W. Williams, of the Cincinnati Book Concern and one time professor m McKendree, to take care of the editorship until the meeting of the General Conference in 1892. That body elected Dr. Jesse Bowman Young, who continued at the helm for eight years, and then the General Conference of 1900 elected Dr. Claudius B. Spencer, who, at this writing, is just completing his twenty-eighth year of faithful service in this important field. In 1900 the Central was moved from St. Louis to Kansas City, where it is now located. All of these editors, from Dr. McCrary to Dr. Spen- cer, have been Trustees of McKendree. In closing up the affairs of the paper at Lebanon, Benjamin Hypes, treasurer of the college and member of the Board, was instructed to sell the printing outfit and apply the proceeds on the debts of the paper. The debts not covered by this sale were prob- ably absorbed into the larger debt carried by the Board of Trustees. Thus ended the first journalistic venture of Mc- Kendree College. While it did not continue in the form in which it started, it set in motion an influence for the good of hum;inity which is still going and still increasing in power. Another Lebanon Journal was established some time after the Civil War, which was for about half a century the local city paper of Lebanon. This was not strictly a college publication, yet it was quite closely associated with McKendree. Professor O. V. Jones was its editor during the last few years of his life, and after h ' s death in 1885, the paper was conducted by his son, William L. Jones, until 1913. For this period of twenty -eight years. Editor Jones, of the class of 1879, recorded many college events in this semi-college paper. In 191 j, the paper passed to the hands of Rev. J. G. Dee, who had been a classmate of Mr. Jones in McKendree. He also made it somewhat of a college paper. About 1920 the Journal was destroyed by fire, and since Lebanon already had another paper, it was never resurrected. THE McKENDREE REPOSITORY One of the most successful journalistic ventures ever undertaken at McKendree was the McKendree Reposi- tory. It first appeared in the fall of 1867 and lasted about a decade. In its early years it was an eight page periodical published semi-monthly by the students of the college. The price was two dollars a year. The first plan of publication was that the work was to be done by editors and publishers elected by the College Meeting, which was an association of all the students in the institution who cared to be present and vote. After a time there was some dissatisfaction and the senior class was entrusted with the task of editing and publishing the paper, but this method did not prove any more satisfactory, and so they soon returned to the first plan. An article published in the issue for December, 1871, set forth many arguments for having the work done by representatives of the literary societies. So some time later that plan was adopted. In April, 1871, under the College Two Huyuhed and F ftyBght MC KENDREE Meeting plan, we find the following officers m charge. Editors: W. H. Steward, G. W. Hill, T. C. McFarland, and O. M. Edwards. Publishers: W. M. Essex and T. J. Porter. Board of Control: J. M. Brooks, L. A. Berger, J. P. Lytle. It IS difficult to give any brief description of so varied and versatile a periodical as this was. In the main, its pages are filled with serious thoughts, though each issue had its column of jokes. There are extensive quotations from ex- changes or from other sources, when the editors thought they had found something worth quoting. There is also much that appears to be the product of the campus, that is, articles of student authorship, but a marked tendency to conceal the actual author ' s name. We also find occasional contributions from the members of the faculty. For example, a history of McKendree College, prepared by Dr. Allyn for the educational convention of 1868, was published as a serial. It ran through nearly a whole year. Every number had edi- torials of more or less merit, and some of them were really excellent, though the identity of the writer is rarely revealed. There are long lists of personals which must have been inter- esting reading for the students of that day. It was probably easier to keep track of former students at that time than it is now, because they occupied a relatively larger position of leadership in the outside world than they do in the much larger and more complex public life of today. There were also accounts of special events, such as the County Teachers ' Institute m Belleville, in which McKendree seems to have been well represented, both in attendance and on the pro- gram; or the passage of the Temperance Bill by the Legis- lature of Illinois. Of course important happenings about the campus were reported, such as the open sessions of the lit- erary societies and their semi-annual exhibitions. The last page and some space previous to that was devoted to paid advertisements. The paper was maintained by its advertise- ments and its subscription list, and the main dependence was the latter. Therefore the paper contained frequent ref- erences to its need of money and exhortations to those who were in arrears to pay up. There is evidence that an occa- sional issue was omitted for lack of means to pay for the printing. And probably the chief reason for its final demise was a financial one. There is an occasional bit of high grade philosophy m its columns, though in many cases it was obtained from some exchange. The paper had a fine list of exchanges, and must have obtained the favorable recognition of many of the best college papers in the land, as well as some of a more general character. We find the following list of Regular Exchanges m the issue dated April 20, 1S72: College Argus, Lafayette Monthly, College Courant, Yale Courant, Cornell Era, Targum, Williams Vidette, Madisoniensis, Southern Collegian, Harvard Advocate, Western Col- legian, Irving Union, Miami Student, Notre Dame Scholastic, Bethany Guardian, Chronicle, Monmouth Courier, Acorn, Simpsonian, Collegian, Tripod, College World, College Review, Beloit Monthly, Brunonian, The Nation, Newspaper Reporter, Har ' pers Weekly, Qui Vive, St. Louis Home Journal, Lebanon Journal, and Edwardsville Republican. Also In May, 1872, is published an account of the demolition of the row of brick houses along the eastern edge of the campus, which had long served as rooming quarters for students. The article is entitled Our Classic Bricks. The writer does not lament their passing, but says it is a mark of progress. Although they have served a useful purpose in their day, he hints that now they would be more useful converted into brick walks in various parts of the campus. There is a sket;h of the founding of the Philosophian Society. The majority of the orgiinal members were still living m 1872. In the June number of that year is an account of the reunion of the diss of 1862, on the tenth anniversary of their graduation. Of the twelve members of the class, eight were present, as follows: Nelson S. Cobleigh, Cleveland, Ohio; Joseph Harris, Mt. Vernon; William Wallis, Brighton; James E. Marshall, Centralia; John N. Gwin, Effingham; Henry A. Castle, St. Paul, Mmn.: James H. Lowe, Bslleville; and Daniel W. Phillips, Nashville. Tnis was a fine showing, since two of the class, Boone Griffin and John S. Fitzgerrell, were already dead, and Peachy T. Wilson was a missionary in India; leaving only William A. Young, of Hillsboro, who might have been expected to be there and was not. In all probability he had some good excuse but did not send it. In this same issue other commencement events are chron- icled. There is a vivid and detailed account of the society exhibitions, as well as the prize declamation contest, which was won by William W. Edwards, afterwards for ten years a professor m McKendree. On Wednesday afternoon, the Hon. Jehu Baker delivered an address which was highly commended by the Repository reporter. There is also an account of the presentation of the flag, which passed from the custody of the Junior class to that of the Sophomore. Both the speech of presentation by W. V. Wilbanks and that of reception by T. C. Watkins, are represented as un ' usually worthy efforts of these flag day orators. A full page Tu ' O Hundred and Fifty-X ' is given to the graduating exercises of the class of 1872. There were twenty -four members of the class, and each de- hvered an oration. There were two sessions of the program, with an interval of two hours between for luncheon and sociability among the commencement guests. Each of the orators and his oration is given separate treatment in the report. Of this large class, only two, W. A. Kelsoe and Z. T. Remick, are still living. The Latin Salutatory was deliv- ered by William M. Essex and the valedictory by Thomas C. McFarland, both of whom have passed from earth. We quote a couple of remarks with which the interesting article is brought to a close. The addresses of the young lady graduates were on the whole better than those of the young men. The bouquet nuisance should be abated at once. At this distance in time we are unable to explain just why it was regarded as a nuisance to say it with flowers. Space will not permit anything like a complete account of the entire file of this great old college paper, but it may give the reader some idea of what the series was like if we give a rather detailed description of a single issue. For this pur- pose we have chosen what seems to be a representative num- ber toward the latter part of the series. It is number 4 of Volume VIII, dated February, 1875. The front cover page contains only the name of the paper in large Old English letters. The second page or the inside of the cover is devoted to advertisements. The literary material begins on page three. Under the title McKendree Repository is the motto, Devoted to Literature, Science, and the Interests of Mc- Kendree College. The first article on the page is a poem entitled, Be not the First. It is labelled Selected The first stanza reads, Oh be not the first to discover A blot on the name of a friend, A flaw in the heart of a lover. Whose faith may be true to the end. There are eight stanzas in the poem. The next article is entitled, Incorporation of McKendree. It is a brief and not very accurate account of the granting of McKendree ' s first charter in 1835. It is written from Jacksonville, Illinois, and signed Alumnus. The fourth page contains a column and a half account of the exhibitions of the three literary societies, which had been presented just before the Christmas vacation on the 14th, 15th and i6th of December. It is a lump criticism, mostly favorable, of the essayists, declaimers, and orators, in three groups, according to the class of performance rather than the society which furnished it. The report is signed. Auditor. Next is an account of the celebration of the Clio Anniversary, December 10. The chief feature of the program was an address by Mrs. Hattie McCoy North, which set forth at length some of the achievements of mod- ern woman, and some of the things she may be expected to accomplish in the future. On page five is an essay on Secrets of Success. It is signed with the initials of E. H. Parkinson. We might infer that he is its author. Page six contains a well written article on The Beautiful, which occupies three -fourths of the page. The remainder contains a dozen or so brief quotations of which this is a sample: An unjust accusation is like a barbed arrow, which must be drawn backward with horrible anguish, or else will be your destruction. Jeremy Taylor. Page seven contains an article of highly religious tone on the nature of The Christian Sabbath, and the remainder of the page is taken up with an obituary sketch of William Monroe Essex, of the class of ' 72, together with a set of resolutions signed by a committee from the Philo Society, of which he was a member. The eighth page has the business announcement of the editors and publishers. We note that the publishers at that time were George D. Phillips from Philo and C. W. Parkin- son from Plato. The editors were Robert Casey and Orla S. Casad from Philo, T. C. Watkins and E. B. Waggoner from Plato, and Minnie Lane and Laura Hughey from Clio. The subscription price at this time was $1.50 a year. Then follows somewhat more than a page of McKendriana, made up of personals and current news, a large part of it relating to the policies of the institution; for example, the statement that more written examinations are being required than formerly. Then are mentioned the titles of some lectures which had already been delivered at the college : The Man for the Times, by President Locke; The True Man above Price, by Rev. Lyman Marshall, then pastor of the Pres- byterian Church in Lebanon; Difficulties and their Lessons, by Professor S. H. Deneen. During this year, for the first time the students had been seated in chapel according to classes; the four college classes occupying the center, with the sen- iors in front, and preparatory students on the sides. Also there was an announcement that the much talked of brick walks were soon to be built on the campus. Then follows a highly philosophical and ethical article, entitled, The Highest Motive. This is quoted from an exchange, The College Transcript. Then there is a little extract from Eng- lish history, characterizing Sir Robert Peel. The most of page ten is taken up with what appears to be a prize essay, Two Hundred and Sixty c KENDReE s;S : s with the title Pearl-handled Sickles, and signed, Emilie. It may he that the readers of that time could recognize the writer from that name. The rest of the page is chiefly Col- lege News gleaned from exchanges and containing such Items as these: Drew Theological Seminary has one hundred and eighteen students; Dr. Marvin has accepted the Chan- cellorship of Kansas University: Since last June, Syracuse University has receivedcontributions amounting to$i75,ooo. President Allyn and the students of the Southern Illinois Normal are engaged in the collection of a museum of natural history. On p;ige eleven we find a column of personals, chiefly about former students, including the announcement of three marriages, in which one or both the parties were old Mc- Kendreans. Then an article on How to Educate, signed (N). On the next page is a column of humor. We quote a sample: Student to Professor of Geology, To what age do I belong, Professor? I don ' t know. I have only learned to classify rocks, not bricks. This is followed by a highly philosophical article on Practical vs. Disciplinary. On page thirteen appears the directory of the College Meeting and Literary Societies. Some of these names might awaken pleas- ant recollections in the mind of some old time McKendrean, so we reproduce them here : OFFICERS OF THE COLLEGE MEETING President, E. H. Parkinson; Vice-president, R. P. Robbins; Secretary, Lottie Dressor. SOCIETY OFFICERS PHILOSOPHIAN President, Thomas E. Green; Vice-president, Joe Lindly; Recording Secretary, W. H. Phillips; Corresponding Secre- tary, O. M. Edwards; First Critic, Lee Harrison; Second Critic, O. Barnickol; Librarian, J. W. Vandeveer; Janitor, A. S. Hamill. PLATONIAN President, C. W. Parkinson; Vice-president, A. H. Car, ter; Recording Secretary, W. Westbrook; Corresponding Secretary, J. G. Pearn; First Critic, P. T. Chapman; Second Critic, T. C. Watkins; Librarian, T. H. Jones; Janitor, J. T. Handsacker. CLIONIAN President, Hattie Sargent; Vice-president, Ida Blanck; Recording Secretary, Zie Robertson; Corresponding Secrc tary. Belle Hawley; First Critic, Lottie Dressor; Second Critic, Liz2ie Meyer; Librarian, Mary McKee; Janitor, Julia Nichols. The remainder of the page is filled with a travel letter from Italy, by Mack Swiveler, who was at that time tra ' veiling m Europe. Page fourteen is devoted to exchanges and a few quotations from standard writers, including one from Plato, the Philosopher. Page fifteen has its first column tilled with a directory of the Lebanon churches and lodges. The rest of the page, as well as all of page sixteen, is de- voted to advertisements, mostly of Lebanon business firms. A few names appear which may still be found in a business directory of Lebanon, such as Grauel, Hoffman, Remhardt. This completes the survey of a single copy of the Re- pository. Many of the others are quite similar. They are still interesting reading to the person who is acquainted with the McKendree of that period, or who has friends or relatives who were in McKendree at that time. THE McKENDREE SKETCHBOOK For a considerable period McKendree was without a col- lege paper. Then during the presidency of Dr. Herdman, a paper was published for a short time, called the Sketch Book. It was a small quarto published monthly by the stu- dents, under the supervision of a member of the faculty. It was short-lived and seems to have passed into such a state of oblivion that we have not been able to bring to light a single copy of the paper. But nevertheless it was a real paper and has a clear place m the memory of some of the students of that period. THE McKENDREAN Again in the early part of Dr. Chamberlin ' s administra- tion, a paper was published which was called The Mc- Kendrean. It was edited and published by two students of that day, W. L. Cunningham, 96, and T. P. Brannum, 97. These young men edited and published the paper, gave the subscribers the best they could for their money, and assumed all the financial deficits. Of course there were no profits. Yet there may have been perquisites. According to the custom of that day, they secured the privilege of pub- lishing the local time table of the B. 6? O. railroad, and in return for this, the editor received the courtesy of a pass on the railroad. Mr. Cunningham, being the senior member of the firm, enjoyed the privilege of the pass. Since it was not transferable and could be used by only one person, Mr. Brannum had to pay his fare on the railroad. The literary societies each had its contributor to the McKendrean. Philo was represented by Mr. J. H. Land, Plato by Mr. C. E. Neil, and Clio by Miss Josie M. Otwell. Charles Page An- drews was also a frequent contributor. The first number of the McKendrean appeared in the fall of 1894, and during the spring of 1895 the whole enterprise was relinquished by its energetic founders, and turned over to the students Two Hundred and SixtyOn IVIC KENDREE of the college. It was conducted by them for about a year and then allowed to lapse, because another local city paper was started by John M. Chamberlain, Jr., called the Lebanon Leader, which offered sufficient space in its columns to take care of all college needs in that line. This seemed better than to run an independent paper which was always a financial liabihty to its sponsors. The two editors of the McKendrean both entered the ministry. Brief sketches of them appear in connection with their college classes. The senior, Mr. Cun- ningham, died recently, but Mr. Brannum lives now at Red- lands, California. THE McKENDREE HEADLIGHT The next journalistic venture was The McKendree Headlight. This differed from the other papers which pre ceded it, except the very first one, in that it was not a stu- dent publication. But it was edited and published by Pres- ident John F. Harmon, with occasional contributions from other members of the faculty and some of the students. The first issue is dated October, 1909. It was published monthly, at fifty cents a year. The motto on the first page, right under the heading, reads, We shall endeavor to treat all better than they treat us. The salutatory editorial is reproduced here. The McKendree Headlight comes to occupy a vacant field and to speak where silence has long reigned. Knowledge and righteousness shall feed her fires, and her aim shall be to point our youth to the highest heights and noblest attain- ments possible. A good education is the birthright of every American. ' When wisdom entereth- into ' _thine heart, and knowledge is pleasant to thy soul; discretion shall preserve thee ' and thy living shall be to the sufferings and needs of hu- manity as rain to the parched earth or as showers to droop- ing plants. Even though your purposes be not high nor the aim of your ambitions beyond personal gain or happiness, still we entreat you to get knowledge, for ' happy is the man that findeth wisdom, and the man that getteth understand- ing; for the merchandise of it is better than the merchandise of silver and the gain thereof than fine gold. ' Then why be ignorant when the path of knowledge lies wide open and leads to every good thing. In all thy getting, get a thorough education — get a good understanding — get wisdom. The Headlight will not speak with the language of the learned, nor in words hard of understanding, neither will she dwell on the mountiiin where knowledge is enthroned; but her dwelling shall be with the humble and her language that of the field and forest. Another article on the second page tells of the paper ' s financial basis. This paper is published in the interest of McKendree College and is entirely dependent upon sub- scriptions for support. The paper will be issued monthly. Price fifty cents per year. Four paid up subscriptions from each pastoral charge in the conference will support the pa ' per and put us in touch with every pastor and leading lay men in every charge. Please send your subscription to the editor at Lebanon, I llinois. We also solicit your advertising. Still another article in the first issue referring to the paper ' s future is entitled, Help us solve the problem. It reads as follows; For many years McKendree has greatly felt the need of a college paper, but no funds have been available for that purpose. A college paper seems absolutely essential to the highest success of the college. So without money we are taking the risk, personally, and with this issue of the Headlight we put an eight page monthly in the field. Price fifty cents per year. If every one who reads this issue will send fifty cents for a year ' s subscription, its financial problems will be settled, and we will be put in touch with the alumni, with present and prospective students and their parents, with all our ministers, with the trustees, with lead ' ing laymen of the conference, and with the citizens of Leb- anon. There are a few laymen in every charge in Southern Illinois who would subscribe for the paper if they knew its mission. Readers, help us to get started and then when you get in a close place, call on us and we will give you a lift. A whole column is given to the account of how Lebanon set the pace for raising money to pay the conference note. This was a note for $jo,ooo, given by the conference to the endowment fund of McKendree. According to the appor- tionment to the charges, Lebanon ' s share was $229, or $22.90 a year for ten years. The matter was presented in the church on Sunday morning. When the meeting closed, the subscrip- tions totaled over $2,000, and a committee was appointed to see those who could not be reached at church and raise the total to $j,ooo. In the eight pages of this first issue there are forty-seven separate articles and a quite complete announcement of the Conservatory of Music. At that time, Professor F. M. Church was Musical Director and teacher of piano, and Miss Amy Pinkerton was teacher of Voice. The Headlight was an efficient news organ for the period it covered. It made frequent mention of former McKendreans, and since Hundred and Sixty-Two s its editor, President Harmon, spent much time m the field and among the charges where students might he turned toward McKendree, he naturally brought to the paper many Items of news from all parts of the conference. In this way many interesting events have been put on record which otherwise would have passed into oblivion. There were also many contributed articles, but the editor had one rule which he always insisted upon — they must be short. If any writer wa s too lengthy, his article had to be cut in sections and appear as a serial. However, an exception to that rule occurs in the number dated February, igio, when a letter from William J. Ross, of Hutchinson, Kansas, full of reminiscences of the period when he was a student in McKendree in 1837 and following. In the catalogue for 1837 a ' also i8j8, we find Mr. Ross name. His address was Burlington, Iowa Ter. We quote a few extracts from the letter : Professors Merrill and Sunderland occupied a room on the ground floor of the east wing ot the college building until Prof. Merrill got married, which I think was during the vacation of 183,7, after which he lived m town, leaving Sunderland to ' batch it ' alone, which he continued to do as long as I remained m school. President Merrill, a brother of the Professor, was a sparely built, small, weakly man, a diligent student and an able minister. In 1838 the trustees had a long one story frame building erected just north of where the new college was to be built, and It was used as a dormitory. [This was the building that later became the residence of the president of the college, and many years later it became the residence of the head janitor. | It was President Merrill who at prayers one morning m commenting on Proverbs, 22, 11, pitched the key note of my life. I remember once hearing Rev. John S. Barger, prin- cipal of the Preparatory Department, preach from eleven o ' clock, A. M. until three P. M. — a four hour sermon. In the issue tor May, 1910, we find this little poem, written by Arthur H. Mueller, then a member of the sen- ior class. He IS now a physician, practicing his profession m Denver, Colorado. Some may shout for grand old Harvard Some may root for Tennessee But give me old McKendree For she ' s good enough for me. Through many a hard fought battle She has won the victory; She ' s the first among the winners. So she ' s good enough for me. After two years, m the fall of 191 1, the Headlight was turned over to the Y. M. C. A., and that body appointed the editorial staff from among the students. The subscription price remained at fifty cents. The first editorial staff under the new plan was as follows : Editor-in-Chief, Clark W. Hoar; Literary Editor, Clark R. Yost; Religious Editor, Robert M. Peters; Social Editor, T. Ralph Isaacs; Business Manager, H. Warren Bullington; Assistant Business Manager, Ernest M. Fisher. At the be- ginning of the year 191 3, the form was changed somewhat. The page was folded once more and a cover of heavier paper put on it, giving it a magazine form. After a time the idea that the Y. M. C. A. was publishing the paper dropped out of the public mind. The announce- ment on the editorial page in January, 1914, is as follows: The Headlight is published by the students of McKendree She doth bless the world with heroes Yes, the best the world will see; She ' s earnest, kind and faithful And she ' s good enough for me. Then three cheers for Old McKendree, Yes we ' ll give her three times three; To her our hearts beat loyal. And she ' s good enough for me. College at the College Press Hall, and entered at the Post Office at Lebanon, Illinois, as second class mail matter. Sub- scription price, 50C per year. At that time the following students constituted the edi- torial staff: I. G. Moorman, Editor-in-Chief; G. F. Cummins, Business Manager; C. Trueb, Circulation Manager; E. E. Reisner, Literary Editor; P. A. Shields, Athletic Editor; Mrs. L. D. Wiggins, Religious Editor; Mabel Crump, Social Editor; Emma Berry, Intercollegiate Editor. In the same issue is the announcement that Cyrus Stokes Gentry had received the appointment to the Rhodes Scholar- ship at Oxford University. This was to cover a three year period, beginning in the fail of 1914. It carried at that time, a cash stipend of $1,500 a year, which with reasonable econ- omy, would meet the expenses of a student in Oxford. Since the war, the stipend has been increased to $2,000. Two Hundred and S xty■Three |mc kendree ... We quote from the Headlight ' s characterization of Mr. Gentry: As a student. Gentry approached the ideal. Not only did he excel in his class room and literary work, but also he was a brilliant athlete and a genuine ' good fellow on the campus. Altho ugh he was never a ' grind, ' he was always a good student and equally popular with faculty and fellow students. He was a star member of the basket ball and gym- nastic teams, his work in the gymnasium perfectly equipping him for his present position as director of athletics. It may be appropriate to say here that Mr. Gentry went to Oxford and entered upon his scholarship, taking up the study of law. However, the breaking out of the World War affected the work of the university so much that his scholar- ship was suspended and he went into war work in France, and then returned to Oxford and finished his law course after the close of the war. He is now practicing law in Houston, Texas. He was the second McKendrean to secure a Rhodes Scholarship. The first was Newton E. Ensign, of the class of 1904. A sketch of him is found elsewhere m this history. THE McKENDREE ECHO At the close of Dr. John Harmon ' s administration, the Headlight was allowed to lapse for a time and there was no college paper. But some time in the fall of 191 5, the matter of a paper began to be agitated. In due time, arrangements were made to publish a paper semi-monthly. A contest was put on and a prize offered for the best name for the new paper. Many were proposed, but the one finally chosen was McKendree Echo. The Echo was a four page paper, but the pages were just twice the size of the original form of the Headlight, so that gave the same amount of space. How- ever, sometimes an extra leaf was put in and that made it 50 per cent larger. It was about the same type of paper the Headlight had been. In an editorial in the first issue in the fall of 1916, we find this statement: It is our purpose to present the news of College Hill in an interesting and impartial fashion, and to make our college paper truly representative of college life. To do this we must have the support of the students as a whole. It is your paper we are endeavoring to publish, and if it is to be made an expression of the spirit of McKendree College, you must get behind it with your enthusiasm and energy, and boost. Help us with your contributions. If you know a good joke on your fellow student, let us know about it. If some amusing incident has happened under your obser- vation, write it up and hand it to a member of the staff. Help us by paying your subscription promptly and by work- ing to enlarge our circulation. If each one would do just a little toward the making of a real college paper, the sum total of work done would insure success. To print all the news all the time, we recognize as an impossible achieve- ment. To print all the news part of the time is too hard a job for most papers. But with your assistance we expect to print a good share of the news most of the time. From this it will be seen that the Echo was primarily a newspaper. In the main it lived up to that ideal fairly well. In the fall of 1Q16, the Editorial Staff was as follows: Editor, Homer C. Bower; Assistant Editor, Leone Pixley; Business Manager, G. Orville Greer; Assistant Business Manager, Guy E. Tucker; Circulation Manager, Roscoe B. Early; Assistant Circulation Manager, Lura Witherspoon. The price of the paper at this time was seventy-five cents a year. We give a few brief extracts from the paper which may prove interesting to the later reader. There is an article advocating the establishment of intercollegiate debates. It has taken more than ten years to reach this ideal. Here is a little suggestion in the line of athletics. All those who find foot -ball a little rough and who are interested in a nice gentle game, please come out at 4 o ' clock for a tiddle-de- winks rehearsal. And, we might add, if any one player gets the idea that he can run the athletics of a college, he had better go to the Sahara desert where he can be monarch of all he surveys. There is an account of a special meeting of Plato held in honor of Captain Fike, who was one of the founders of Plato, and was at that time in Lebanon attending the reunion of the McKendree Regiment, the 117th Illinois, who fought in the Civil War. The program was chiefly impromptu, and is given as follows : Selection by the orchestra. Solo by Pavey. Declamation by Merkel. Then a debate on the question. Resolved, That the Democratic party is more entitled to the suffrage of the voters at the coming election than the Republican party. The affirmative speakers were Professor Gentry, Professor Thrall, and V. S. Morriss. The negative, Professor Waggoner, J. B. Sager, and St. Clare Flint. It is stated that the speeches were all funny, but special men- tion is made of th ' at of Professor Waggoner, because he held the Democratic party responsible for the bad weather, the high prices, and the war. The College Directory, giving the officials of the various organizations found in the institution requires more than a full column in the paper. It gives the list of officers of the Athletic Association, The Carnegie House Council, The Clark House Council, Clio, Plato, Philo, Y. M. C. A., Hundred and SixtyFo e S: Y. W. C. A., International Prohibition Association, Katter Keule, Gamma Kappa Nu, and Phi Beta Kappa. There is an announcement of the Music Recital of the Con- servatory Faculty. On this program, a specially interesting trio was to appear — Professor Fransee, Violinist; Professor Zinkeisen, Cellist; and Professor Moore, Pianist. This trio pl.iyed at the session of the Southern Illinois Conference at Robinson in iqi6, and received high commendation. THE McKENDREE REVIEW The latest of McKendree ' s group of college papers is the McKendree Review. It started on its career November IS, 1921, and is still going strong. Its seven years of history indicate that it is already past the worst dangers of infancy and bids fair to become the longest lived of all McKendree ' s periodicals. Unlike its predecessors, it is a weekly. It has four pages and sometimes six, according to the demands that may be made from time to time for more or less of news space. When some important event occurs, like the home-coming, or the high school meet, or a basket ball tour- nament, the two extra pages are inserted. Just beneath the title of each issue appears the motto, Devoted to the Inter- ests of McKendree. The editorial announcements indicate that from the very beginning, it was published by the class m journalism. In fact, it is probable that it first had its existence for the sake of the class in journalism, in order that they might have opportunities to practice the journal- istic art. But even then it was necessary to have editors and officers in order to fix certain responsibilities in the diversified work of publishing a college paper. The first staff consisted of only four members: Mabel Bower, Editor; Mildred Wilton, Assistant Editor; Violet Glenn, Circula- tion Manager; and Fred Faverty, Business Manager. The same plan of publication has been followed down to the present time, but now it carries a more elaborate staff than in its first year. In the issue of January 19, 1928, we find the following staff announced : Editor-in-Chief, Edna Kinsey; Managing Editor, John Oster; Business Manager, Emery Martin; Advertising Manager, William Gillespie; Cir- culation Manager, James Stuart; Assistant Circulation Manager, James Hortin ; Sports Editor, Stephen Tedor ; Society Editor, Geneva Grieve; Feature Writer, Lucille Hadfield; Exchange Editor, Clifton Oxendine; Faculty Advisor, Belle M. Nixon; Reporters, Nina May Harmon and Frank C. Brown. In the earlier years of the Review, one of its editors who deserves special mention was Mr. Milburn P. Akers, who was a student in McKendree at the time. He served as editor and general manager of the paper and did much to promote its interests until after his graduation. When later he went into the newspaper work himself as publisher of the Wood River Journal, he did not lose interest in the Review, but gave the stiff the benefit of his experience whenever possible. For some time the Review was printed in the office of the Wood River Journal under the direct supervision of its former editor. But of course there were difficulties in having the editorial office and the printing office so far apart, and sometimes there were delays in trans, portation which prevented the paper from being distributed to the students on time. So m recent years it has been printed in Lebanon. In its early years the subscription price was Si. ' jo a year. Then it was raised to one dollar a semester, or two dollars a year. Of course it is not published during the summer vacation nor in the Christmas recess, and usually the pub- lication IS omitted in examination week, when the staff is too busy to get out the paper and the students are too busy to read it if it should be printed. Perhaps on the average, there are thirty issues a year. In 1926, the incidental fee was raised one dollar a semester, and seventy-five cents of that was applied to a subscription to the Review for every student. This is collected by the fiscal agent of the college and paid over to the business manager of the Review. This relieves the management of the task of making a canvass among the students, and since by this plan every student is a subscriber, it became possible to reduce the price to $1.50 a year. This, with the income from advertisements, meets the necessary expense of the paper. It is primarily a muis paper, having for its aim to record the principal events of the campus from week to week. Of course there are editorials also in every issue. Some of these very faith- fully reflect student sentiment on important questions of the campus, and others represent such ideas as the editorial writer wishes the students to entertain. A glance at one of the early copies may give some idea of the character of the paper. The second number of Volume I takes a whole column to set forth the very important announcement that the General Education Board had appropriated $150,000 to become a part of McKendree ' s endowment on condition that the college raise $350,000 more from its own constit- uency. This was in the midst of the McKendree Move- ment and of course aroused great enthusiasm. The same issue contains an account of the joint-meeting of the Young Men ' s and Young Women ' s Christian Associations, a basket ball game between the Freshmen and the Juniors, in which Two Hundred and Sm the Freshmen were victorious; an account of a convocation of colleges and universities held in Chicago to consider the question of World Peace, in which McKendree was repre- sented by President McCammon and Hon. Charles S. Den- een. The big headline article on the front page declared that by defeating Shurtleff in the last game of the season Mc- Kendree had won the foot ball championship of Southern Illinois for that year. There are two columns of editorials, chiefly concerning the McKendree Movement for new endowment. There is a long article on methods of caring for a cold, as advocated by various members of the faculty and student body. There are a few jokes and a column and a half of personals, in which we are informed, among other things, that Professor McClure entertained the Bachelors ' Club at a dinner Monday evening, and the Clio Quartette sang at a banquet at Union Church, St. Louis. On the last page is a two column report of an evening entertainment in Singer Hall given by the McKendree players of the Ex- pression Department, under the direction of Miss Chese- man. The performers in the first play, The Beauty and the Beast, were chiefly from the Public School. The names mentioned are John DoUey, Grace Renner, Orena Mowe, and Robert McCammon. In the play Suppressed Desires, the principal actors were Alice Walton, Mildred Wilton, and Fred Faverty. The last play, The Brink of Silence, was presented by Alonzo Catt, Harold Van Dyke, and George McCammon. There is also a sonnet by Gladys Parker, which seems worthy of reproduction here. SONNET When I do look about me in this age And see the turmoil, strife, and envying of man, When I behold the war of industry that ' s waged, And see the greed of all on every hand; When hard men seem barren of love Toward bleeding, torn, toil-worn humanity. And mankind ' s soul all shriveled up whereof Is born a hate for toil and honesty; Then of Thy strength, Oh God, I remind me; That Thou among the hearts of men must go, And show each one himself as Thou dost see; And help him know that love of toil will grow Into a satisfying happiness Which will defend him from all restlessness. Now let us glance through a quite recent issue of the Review, dated January 19. We find the following items: A report of Senator Williams ' chapel address; an account of Dr. Harmon ' s visit to Atlantic City where he attended the annual meeting of the Association of American Colleges; the story of the open house held recently in each of the dormitories; announcement that the McKendree quartette sang at the Billy Sunday meeting in St. Louis; and that the McKendree basket ball team had lost the game with Evans- viUe. On the second page are several brief editorials, a review of an article by Professor Walton on McKendree History, which was published lately in the magazine. The Christian Student; and the usual column of The Campus Owl. Page three contains an account of a recital given by the Music and Expression Departments and an open session of Clio, a list of new books just received by the library, and the report of the monthly meeting of the Dames Club. The last page is filled with miscellaneous matter and ad- vertisements. The Review is a member of the Illinois College Press Association. It is not only a medium of transmission of college news among the students themselves and the col- lege community, but it goes out into all parts of the con- ference and into the high school and thus keeps the patron- izing territory of McKendree to some extent informed on the progress of affairs at McKendree. THE COLLEGE BULLETIN Another publication which has been published with more or less regularity since 191 3 is entitled McKendree College Bulletin. This is published monthly unless an issue is omitted for some good reason. When the president has some message for the preachers of the conference and the general public, the College Bulletin becomes the means of its conveyance. The annual catalogue is issued as a number of the bulletin and therefore it can be mailed at the second class postal rate, which is a considerable saving to the college in the matter of postage. Also the Summer School announcement is issued as a number of the college bulletin for economic reasons as well as for reasons of convenience. Two Hundred and StxtySix CHAPTER XXI. President Houghton s Administration ' - ' R- Locke was succeeded m the presidency by Rev. jLj Ross Clark Houghton, D. D., then of the Missouri Conference. He was born in Turin, New York, July 9, 1839. He was educated at Union College, Syracuse Uni- versity, and Boston University School of Theology. He re ceived the degree of D. D. from McKendree in 1878, and L. H. D. from Willamette University in 1889. He served Methodist churches in several cities in New York State, in St. Louis, in Indianapolis, and in Portland, Oregon. In 1895, he transferred to the Congregational Church and became pastor in Chelsea, Massachusetts. Here he remained till 1902, when he retired from pastoral work. He died at Mai- den, Massachusetts, December 10, 1904. He was married September 25, 1862, to Adelaide R. Wilcox, who with one of their three children, survived him. He was a member of the Society of American Authors, and several other learned societies. He was the author of several books with the fol- lowing titles: Christian Education and its Relation to Christian Work, 1871; Novels, and How to Read Them, 1872; The Social Evil, 1872; Future Punishment, 1877; Women of the Orient, 1877; At the Threshold, 1881; Ruth the Moabitess, 1882; John the Baptist, 1889. When he came to McKendree it was as a sort of experi- ment. He had a plan for relieving the financial stress of the college, but it did not seem to bring the expected results, for at the end of the first year he relinquished the work. His report to the Board at commencement indicates that he was the pastor of some church which took much of his time during the year that he was President of McKendree. There was no other change in the faculty of the college proper, that year. Professors Jones, Deneen, Swahlen, and Edwards remained at their posts in spite of the increasing deficits in salaries. In addition to these regular college teachers. Pro- fessor James H. Brownlee was the teacher of elocution; Pro- fessor J. W. Whittlesey was in charge of the Commercial Department; and the Law faculty consisted of Henry H. Homer as Dean, and Gustavus Koerner, Joseph Gillespie, and James M. Hamill as lecturers. The year was a hard one. The enrollment suffered a fur- ther slight decrease, and the income from the endowment was meager. At the meeting of the Board that year, a com- mittee was appointed to secure the legal release of all claims against the Athleton. We find no further record of the matter but we may infer that the object was accomplished by the committee working on the sympathies of the claim- ants until they were wiUing to relinquish all claims. At the end of the year Dr. Houghton did not wish to carry the experiment further and presented his resignation at the same time with his report, and again gave his time to the pastorate and the writing of books. Although he was in charge of the institution only one year, the class which graduated that year was an important one. As they went out into the world, they doubtless carried with them the impress of his teaching and example, and thus through this class he wielded an influence in the world which eter- nity alone can completely measure. Brief sketches of the members of the class follow: THE CLASS OF 1879 JAMES H. ATTERBURY James Hardin Atterbury was born at Litchfield, Illinois, March 7, 1858. His parents were A. D. and Julia Atterbury. He enrolled in McKendree in September, 1874 and grad- uated in 1879, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a mem- ber of the Philosophian Society. After leaving McKendree he took a law course in the University of Michigan and received the degree of LL. B. from that institution. He has been engaged in the practice of law at Litchfield for many years. He is married and has one son, James H. Atterbury, Jr. WILLIAM COSTELLO William Costello was born near Fayetteville, St. Clair County, 111., December 26, 1839. His inspiration to secure an education came rather late in life, but after suitable pre- liminary education, he entered McKendree and graduated in the class of 1879. He was a member of Philo. He was married February 9, 1865, before his college days, to Miss Nancy S. Turner. Their two children are Don Costello, undertaker and furniture dealer in Litchfield, Illinois, and Lizzie Costello Kennett, who also resides in Litchfield. Mr. Costello was engaged in various occupations during his life- time, among which might be mentioned those of farmer, teacher, and bookkeeper. He was engaged in business in the city of Nashville, Illinois, for some years, and was a member of the City Council of that city. Later he moved to Freeburg, Illinois, where his death occurred February 21, 1897. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity. Two Hundred and SixtySevi |mc kendree- .... . JAMES A. BISHOP James Alonzo Bishop was born near Mascoutah, Illinois, in January, 1854. His parents were George B. and Malvina Bishop. He grew up in the neighborhood where he was born and after completing the home schools, he entered Mc- Kendree College, where he graduated in the Scientific Course and received the degree of B. S. in 1879. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He has spent much of his life since graduation in educational work. Among the positions he has held in that line of work are the following: Principal of a ward school in Moline, Illinois; Principal of the high school at Rock Island; Professor of Chemistry in Harvey Medical College of Chicago; and a similar position in a Chicago Dental College. In recent years he was a travelling salesman. He was married in 1887 to Miss Lulu Liebrock, of Mascoutah, Illinois. They have one daughter, Amie Louise, who with her mother resides at the family home at Mascoutah, though the husband and father, owing to the nature of his business, of necessity spent much of his time away from home. He was a member of the Masonic Order. He died in January, 1928. REV. JAMES G. DEE, D. D. James Godfrey Dee was born March 19, 185 1, only a few miles from the city of Lebanon, which has been his permanent home since 191 j. His parents, Hiram and Mary (Walker) Dee, were both native Americans. Mr. Dee grew up on a farm, and after finishing the country school, he entered the Preparatory Department of McKendree College in 1870. He was an active member of the Platonian Society. He alternately attended college and taught school, thus working his way to the attainment of an education. He graduated in the class of 1879, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. In 1898, his Alma Mater conferred upon him the honorary degree of A. M., and in the Cen- tennial year that of D. D. On August 14 of the year he finished college, he was married to Miss Fannie M. Norman, whose home was in Clinton County, near Carlyle. He joined the Southern Illinois Conference in September of the same year, and therefore Mrs. Dee has been his partner in the work of the ministry for almost a half century. Of their children, five grew to maturity. Norman Bliss, the oldest, is a graduate of McKendree, and therefore a sketch of him will be found elsewhere in this history. Paul, the second son, was a student in McKendree, but did not graduate. He came to an untimely death in the army training camp during the World War. He left a young widow and a little son only a few weeks old, whom he had never seen. He lies boned in College Hill Cemetery. The three daughters are all graduates of McKendree. They are Mrs. Nelle Kruh, of St. Louis, Mrs. Lois Dolley, of Berkeley, California, and Mrs. Dorothy Adair, of St. Louis. During his half century in the ministry, Dr. Dee has been an active and enthusiastic worker in the interest of the kingdom and the churches which he served. He was for six years Presiding Elder of the Mt. Carmel District, and during that time published a District Advocate to promote the interests of the work in his district. He was also the editor of The Lebanon Journal for several years after he came to Lebanon. He holds the retired relation in the conference, but that does not keep him from preaching. He has supplied some nearby charge nearly all the time since he has lived in Leb ' anon, except the two years that he was pastor of the Leb- anon Church. He has always been an ardent friend of McKendree College, and was for ten years a member of its Joint Board. In recent years he has served his community m civil as well as in religious affairs by holding the office of Police Magistrate. No delinquent ever leaves Judge Dee ' s court without feeling that he has received justice, and sometimes mercy as well, at the hands of this officer of the law. He always imposes the penalty provided by law when the guilt of the individual is clearly established, but sometimes stays the fine and remits his own fee, on condition of good be havior in the future. The offender also gets sound advice administered freely, and this is sometimes more effective than the strict penalties of the law. DR. SAMUEL E. EARP Samuel Evingston Earp, son of Rev. Joseph Earp of the Southern Illinois Conference, was born at Lebanon, Decem- ber 19, 1858, while his father was pastor at Lebanon. In 1876, when his father was pastor at Alton, he became a student in Shurtleff, but in 1877 he transferred to McKen- dree and graduated in the class of 1879, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Society. He then entered the Central College of Physicians and Surgeons at Indianapolis, from which he graduated in 1882 with the degree of M. D. and the highest honors of his class. He also won the Waters Gold Medal and the first prize in obstetrics. Besides his general medical practice, he was for many years a member of the faculty of the medical college, and for several years Dean of the Faculty. Since 1886, he has been consultant in one or more of the hospitals in In- dianapolis, and for eight years he was surgeon of the Police Two Hundred and Sixty-Eight MC KENDREE and Fire Departments. In 1908 he was the founder of a medical journal called the Medical and Surgical Monitor. The name was afterward changed to Indianapolis Medical Journal. Of this Dr. Earp has been Editor-in-chief for many years. He is a member of the Indianapolis Historical Society and was for five years its president. He is a member of the County, State, and National Medical Associations. He has been for thirty years Medical Examiner for the Knights of Pythias. He is a frequent contributor to the current liter ature of the medical science. He was for .1 term of years Mayor of the city of Indianapolis. Dr. Earp was married m 1897 to Miss Evelyn P. Byers. They have two sons, Leon and Evanson. In politics he is a Republican; in religion a Methodist. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, and Noble of Murat Temple Mystic Shrine. WILLIAM L. JONES William Lucius Jones was born in Lebanon, Illinois, June 7, iS-jg. His parents were Professor Oliver V. Jones, a native of Kentucky, and Mary E. Crocker, who was born in Mass- achusetts. He entered McKendree in 1S74 and graduated in 1879, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a Philo. In 1881 he became editor of the Lebanon Journal and continued as editor and proprietor of that paper until 1913, when he sold out to his McKendree classmate, Rev. J. G. Dee, and went to Colorado for the benefit of his health. In 1891 he was elected president of the Southern Illinois Press Association. Every year for twenty years he was a delegate to the Na- tional Editorial Association, and for sixteen years a member of the Executive Committee of that body. He became a member of the Republican County Central Committee of St. Clair County in 1892. In 191 1 he was appointed by President Taft to the position of Postmaster of the city of Lebanon. His death occurred m Colorado Springs, Colo., September i ;, 1915. His funeral was held m the Lebanon Methodist Church, and he was laid to rest in the College Hill Cemetery. MRS. MARTHA LIGGETT CARTER Martha Elizabeth Liggett was born in December, i860, at Lebanon, 111. Her parents were William Carr Liggett, a native of St. Louis, and Ellen O. Whitney, of Williston, Vermont. She entered McKendree in 1876 and graduated in 1879, with the degree of A. B. In 1890 she received a Chau- tauqua diploma. She was a member of Clio. She was married in i88j, to Atkins Harrison Carter, who is also a graduate of McKendree. Since then Mrs. Carter ' s chief occupation has been that of home maker, with side lines as church and club worker. She is a member of Central Methodist Church, of Fort Smith, Arkansas, where her home has been since 1887. IRA W. MARSHALL Ira Waldron Marshall was born m Manchester, New Hampshire, May 3, 1857. He was a son of Rev. Lyman Mar- shall, who was for many years pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Lebanon, and m honor of whom the church is called Marshall Memorial Church. He entered McKen- dree in 1874 and graduated in 1879, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. Since his graduation he has been engaged in various occu- pations. He was long in the printing and stationery business in Philadelphia; for years a professional musician; and for ten years he was a prison missionary in New York City, to which work he was enthusiastically devoted. He was a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church. His death occurred in New York City, March j, 191 j. OLIVE B, SHEPARD Olive Belle Shepard was born m Orio, Illinois, March 14, 1859. She is a daughter of the Rev. Morrill A. and Mary (Moorhead) Shepard. Her father was a Baptist preacher, but spent a large part of his life in business in St. Louis while he resided in Lebanon. So that Olive Belle had Lebanon for her home during her youth and much of her later life. She entered McKendree in 1875 and graduated in 1879, with the degree of A. B. She was a prominent member of Clio. She pursued a post graduate course in Boston University, but did not take a degree there. She has interested herself m an amateur way in both art and music. She is a member of the Methodist Church and for many years was a member of the choir of the Lebanon Church. She is spending her declining years in the Old Folks Home at Lawrenceville, Illinois. REV. JOSEPH W. VAN CLEVE, D. D. Joseph William Van Cleve was born m Macoupin County, Illinois, February 19, 1859. His parents were Rev. William and Sarah (Calaway) Van Cleve. His father was born in Bergen County, New Jersey, of Dutch ancestry; his mother was born in Jersey County, Illinois, and was of Scotch-Irish descent. He entered McKen- dree in 1876 and graduated in 1879 as the valedictorian of his class, receiving the degree of A. B. Later he received the following degrees from Mc- Kendree: A. M., 1882, Ph.D., 1894, and D.D.m igoo.Hewas dR J. W. VAN CLEVE Two Hundred and Sixty-] . MC KENDREE a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married September 17, 1882, to Miss Rachel Annis Talley. They have four children — Luella May, Ethel Annis, Arthur Talley, and Edith Joy. He joined the Southern Illinois Conference in 1880 and served pastoral charges until 1902. He v, ' as Statis- tician of the conference during the years 1887-1891, and sec- retary 1892-1900. In 1902 he transferred to the Illinois Con- ference, where he held several important charges and was Superintendent of the Decatur District. He was a member of the General Conferences of 1896, 1900, 1908, 1912, 1916, and 1920. He was a member of the Board of Control of the Ep- worth League, 1896 to 1904. He was elected a member of the General Board of Conference Claimants in 1908. He was in demand as a lecturer, temperance worker, and orator for special occasions. He was a Mason and a Knight Templar. Dur- ing the last years of his effective service, he was secretary of the commission on finance, with headquarters in Chicago. He retired in 1922 and made his home in Evanston, where he died June 29, 1926. jr jr-jc?. 6S6 A century of building and endowment growth. In addition to this amount the Southern IMinois Conference gives the college $10,000 a year which is the equivalent of $200,000 of added endowment. Two Hundred and Seventy MC KENDREE HT THE MEETING of the Boafd 111 Juiic, 1S79, It wds found th.it Dr. Houghton ' s special plan with reference to college finances had not been a complete success. What this plan was we do not know, for it is buried in the committee reports which were not copied into the record and the papers have been lost, and the Board members of that day have all without exception passed into the great beyond. But whatever it was. Dr. Houghton himself con- sidered it a failure and therefore, with his report, presented his resignation as president. Professor E. E. Edwards of the Science Department also resigned at the same time. Before the session was over, the Board requested all the other mem- bers of the faculty to resign also. Then with the slate clear, they proceeded to elect a faculty one at a time by ballot. Dr. Houghton ' s name was placed m nomination for president for another year, and was elected by a vote of sixteen to nine. But this vote was not satisfactory to Dr. Houghton himself. If there were nine members of the Board who were against him, he did not want the office. He therefore did not choose to accept. Then the name of Rev. Daniel W. Phillips was placed m nomination and he was unanimously elected. He was a graduate of Mc Kendree of the class of 1862. A sketch of his life will be found in connection with that class. He had been for nearly twenty years a member of the conference, and for a number of years a member of the Joint Board. He was therefore acquainted with the sit- uation, and tho recognizing the difficulty of the task, he accepted the responsibility of guiding the progress of the institution for a year at least. As a matter of fact, his term of office proved to be four years. In selecting the remainder of the faculty, the Board suspended the ballot rule in the case of Professor Deneen and reelected him by acclamation with a unanimous vote. In case of each of the other positions to be filled, two candidates were nominated and one chosen by a majority vote. Professor Swahlen was reelected to the Chair of Greek and German, which he had long held, and Professor Harris was elected for the second year to the Chair of Math- ematics. In Professor Edwards case, his resignation was the result of a genuine desire to change his field of work, so it was accepted by the Board and his efficient service commend- ed. The position was filled by the election of Miss Lucy Jane Rider, who afterward became so well-known to the church at large in connection with the Chicago Training School. This group composed President Phillips ' faculty of ' Editor ' s Note — His picture appears on page one hundred and ninety. CHAPTER XXII. President P nllip ' s Administration liberal arts, which remained the same for his four year period, except that Miss Rider left after two years and was suc- ceeded by Professor E. B. Waggoner, In addition to these, the faculty page in the catalogue shows the names of Ida Maria Miller, Professor of Elocution and Phonetics; Frank- lin F. Roose, Professor of Book-keeping and Penmanship; Henry H. Horner, Gustavus Koerner, and James M. Hamill, Professors m the Law Department; and George H. Farwell, Professor of Instrumental and Vocal Music. Sketches of the other members of the mam college faculty have already been given except Miss Rider, so a brief biography of her is pre- sented here. Lucy Jane Rider was born m New Haven, Vermont, Sep- tember 9, 1849. She graduated from Oberlin College in 1872 with the degree of A. B., and received the degree of A. M. from the same college in 1880. She long cherished the ambi- tion to become a foreign missionary. This led her to take a medical course in Philadelphia. She afterward studied in the Medical School of Northwestern University and received the degree of M. D. from that institution. She was also a student for two years in the Boston School of Technology and for some time a student m the School of Divinity of Chicago University. After her two years at McKendree, she devoted herself to the great Sunday School movement of that day, under the inspiration of John H. Vincent. She was associated m this enterprise with the well-known Illinois leader in Sunday School work, B. F. Jacobs. In 1885 she was married to Mr. Josiah Shelley Meyer, and the next year they together started the enterprise afterward known as the Chicago Training School, which in the succeeding years has achieved such wonderful results in preparing thousands of young women for various lines of Christian work. After devoting thirty- seven years of her life to this work, she passed to her reward March 16, 1922. During Dr. Phillips ' four years, the financial affairs of the college drifted along about the same. There were still shortages in the salary payments, but the spirit of sacri- fice was still strong in the faculty and there was less said about deficits in the records of the Board. One great achieve- ment of this administration was the payment of the note of $5,000 to the heirs of Governor French. This obliga- tion had been hanging over the college ever since the death of Governor French in T864. The enrollment of students was Two Hundred and Seventy-One MC KENDREE slightly larger at the end than at the beginning of his term. The four graduating classes whose diplomas were signed by him were at least up to the average in size. The class ot 1880 had nine members, 1881 had twenty -one, 1882 had twenty five, an unusually large class, and the class of i88j dropped to seventeen. Brief sketches of the members of these four classes follow. THE CLASS OF ISM) SHELBY C. BROWN Shelby Cu llom Brown was born at Mt. Vernon, Illinois, March 4, 1855. His father, Russell Brown, was born in the state of New York and his mother, Nellie Brown, was born in Illinois. He entered McKendree as a student in 1877, and after completing the required courses, received the following degrees: B. S., 1880; LL. B., 1882; and M. S. in 1883. He was married December 22, 1887, to Miss Ella O. Heller. They have two sons, Shelby Gale and John Russell, born in 1889 and 1897 respectively. Since his graduation Mr. Brown has followed the profession of law, practicing in Chanute, Kan- sas. He has held the position of City Attorney of Chanute and County Attorney of Neosho County. He has been active in politics in the interest of his friends, but never sought political preferment for himself. He is a member of the Methodist Church and the following fraternal orders: Ma- sons, A. O. U. W., and Elks. PROF. THOMAS H. JONES Thomas Henry Jones was born September 8, 1855, at Middleport, Meigs County, Ohio. His parents were Moses Jones, a Virginian of Welsh-American descent, and Aurilia A. (Shaug) Jones, a native of Ohio, of German-American ancestry. When he was quite young, his parents came to Illinois. He entered McKendree in 1874 and graduated in June, 1880 with the degree of A. B. In i88j he received the degree of A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married August 8, 1882, to Laura L. John- son, daughter of Dr. Wm. M. Johnson, of Johnsonville, Wayne County, Illinois. Their children are Shelby Corwin, a graduate of the Missouri Botanical Garden; Hubert Mel- vin, deceased; Theodore Raymond; and Ralph Waldo. Prof. Jones spent twelve years in public school and college work. He was associate principal of the Wayne County Normal, principal of the Odin Public Schools, Superintendent of Schools, Yates Center, Kansas, Dean of Normal Department and Professor of English Literature in Kansas Wesleyan University, President of Eldorado (Kan.) Normal and Busi- ness College, President of Orchard City College, Flora, 111. and President of Jennings Seminary, Aurora, lUinois. He spent about twenty years as manager of a large horticultural company in Kansas. He spent several years as Horticultural Editor of the Farm, Field, and Fireside, published in Chicago, and was also Editor-in-chief of the American Fruit and Veg- etable Journal. In recent years he has been at the head of a land investment company in St. Louis. He is a member of the Methodist Church, the Masons, and the order of Knights and Ladies of Security. He is a Republican in poHtics. His home is in St. Louis. MADISON M. LINDLV Madison Monroe Lindly was born in Illinois, June 10, i8 ' ;6. His parents were John J. and Amanda Lindly, who were both native Americans. He graduated from McKendree in June, 1880, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a mem- ber of the Philosophian Literary Society. From 1890 to 1894 and from 1900 to 190J he was Deputy United States Marshall in charge of the United States Court at McAlester, Indian Territory — now Oklahoma. Except in those periods, he prac- ticed law at McAlester from 1890 until his death. He was married December 5, 1883, to Miss Laura I. Mousley, of Shipman, Illinois, also a graduate of McKendree, of the class of 1882. They have three children — John M., Mary M., and Charles M. He was a member of the orders Knights of Py- thias and Odd Fellows. He died in September, 1920. at McAlester, Oklahoma. MRS. MARY LINDLY TAYLOR Mary Agnes Lindly was born in Lebanon, Illinois, Sep- tember 19, 1859. She was the daughter of John J. and Aman- da Lindly, who were both Americans. She was educated in the Lebanon Public Schools and McKendree College, from which she graduated in the class of 1880, receiving the de- gree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. Before her graduation, October 5, 1878, she was married to John A. Taylor, who was also a student in Mc- Kendree. They lived successively at Freeburg, Illinois, Terre Haute, Indiana, and on a farm in Dakota. In 1889 they re- turned to Illinois and Mr. Taylor entered the Methodist ministry and became a member of the Southern Illinois Con- ference. She constantly shared her husband ' s labors in the ministry. Of their three children, one died in infancy. The others are Mrs. Blanche Hake, of Cairo, 111. and Fred L. Taylor, who studied law but is now engaged in business. For the last four years of her life Mrs. Taylor ' s home was in Carbondale. She died September 26, 191 3, and was buried in College Hill Cemetery. REBECCA J. LOUDEN Rebecca Jane Louden was born near Trenton, Illinois, February, i8 ' 9. Her parents were John and Rosanna (Craig) Two Hundred and So. . : ; S s: Louden, who were both natives of Ireland, coming to Amer- ica m early life. She entered McKendree in 1877 and grad- uated m 1880, receiving the degree of B. S., and later. M. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. Her life was very largely spent in ministering to others, especially the inmates of her own home. After her father ' s death, she was faithfully devoted to her mother, with whom she lived to the end of her life. She was for twelve years assistant Postmaster at Lebanon, while her brother, John C. Louden, was Postmaster. She served faithfully for many ye ars as a member of the executive committee and treasurer of the Alumni Association of McKendree College. She belonged to the Methodist Church and the order of the Eastern Star. She died March 12, iQij, at La JoUa, California, and was buried m College Hill Cemetery. MRS. IDA MILLER WEIR Ida Maria Miller graduated in the class of 1880, receiving the degree of M. S. She is registered in the catalogue as com- ing from Neosho, Missouri. She taught expression, or elocu- tion, as it was then called, for several years in McKendree. Later she went to Kansas where she was married to Mr. Ar- thur J. Weir. We have no recent information concerning her. P£RRY W. THATCHER Perry Wells Thatcher was born at Mt. Vernon, Illinois, March 5, iS-ig. He was a son of Rev. John and Virginia (Bolls) Thatcher, who were both native Americans. He en- tered McKendree m the fall of 1877 and graduated in 1880, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. He was the valedictorian of his class. He was a member of the Philosoph- lan Literary Society. He was married in 1886 and had one daughter, Clementine. He was a great lover of music. His life business was teaching music, and several pieces of his own composition were published. He was a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. He died at Chicago, October 25, 1904. LOUIS ZERWECK Louis Zerweck was born in Cleveland, Ohio, January 26, 1844. His parents were John Philip and Anna Margaret Zerweck, who were Germans. He entered the Law Depart- ment of McKendree in January, 1877, and graduated in June, 1880, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married December 26, 1872, to Miss Mary E. Thomas. Their children are Clara L., Nellie M., Louis P., and Susie, all of whom have been students in McKendree. They are now all married. Mr. Zerweck practiced law in Lebanon for many years. He has held the office of Public Administrator of St. Clair County; member of the County Board of Supervisors; Jus- tice of the Peace; and was Mayor of Lebanon two terms. He was United States Revenue Collector during the Cleve- land administration. He was a member of the Masonic Or- der, the Odd Fellows, and the Modern Woodmen of Amer- ica. He died January 12. 1920. THE CLASS OF LSSI MRS. JULIA ALEXANDER NAY Julia Estelle Alexander was born m St. Louis, Missouri, June 2s, 1861. She is the daughter of Charles H. and Kate Alexander, who were both born in Ohio. She entered Mc- Kendree in 1879 and graduated in the class of 1881, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married December ji, 1881, to Rev. C. S. Uzzell, of the Methodist Church, at Trinidad, Colorado. Their three children are George, Thomas, and Ruth. Mr. Uzzell died in May, 1889. September 9, 1891, Mrs. Uzzell was married to Mr. Frank Nay, of St. Louis. They h,ive three children, Lucile, Lloyd, and John. Mr. Nay is now Comptroller of all the Rock Island Railway lines. Mrs. Nay is a member of the Methodist Church, and of the Royal Neighbors. She has devoted much time to home missionary work, temperance work, and Christian work in general, es- pecially among the young people of the church. MRS. JOSEPHINE AMOS ALVORD Josephine Mary Amos was born near Carlyle, Illinois, March 4, 1861. She was the daughter of Peter H. and Mary S. Amos, who were both native Americans. She became a student in McKendree in September, 1S77, and graduated in the class of 1881, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of Clio. She was married December 27, 1883, to Horace H. Alvord. They lived several years m Houston, Texas, where Mrs. Alvord died June 25, 1886, leaving one daughter, Edith Nina, who also died August 7, 1890. Mrs. Alvord was a faithful member of the Methodist Church. PROF. SANDERS W BLACK Sanders Whiting Black was born m St. Clair County, Illinois, November 7, 185 ' ). His parents, William M. and Milly G. Black, were both native born Americans. He en- tered McKendree in the fall of 1876 and graduated m the class of 1881, with the degree of B. L. He was a member of the Platonian Society. Since his graduation, he has done graduate work in several institutions, chiefly the University of Missouri and Chicago. He was married m June, 1886, to Ida L. Collins, at Monmouth, Kansas. His career as an edu- cator has included the following positions: Teaching in dis- trict schools two years; Principal of Schools at Monmouth, Kansas two years ; Superintendent of City School at Chanute Two Hundred and Se :s:S: g S: IN LIMINE. M LIMINE 1 ORDER OF EXERCISES, f % ORDER OF EXERCISES, f mn-, n .Jn.,. , yf:m . AFTERXOOX SESSIoy 2 PM, 8:30 A. M. MUSIC. 1NV0C. TI0N . L.VTIX SAL ORATION, L-IATORY, - - Original ily, -, MUSIC. OliATlOX, - OKATIOS, OrtATIO.N. - - rermaiTMCr !.u,l ri,:,DS , Svwcl are thP Uses ..rA.lv.Tl - - l.ilCit lnll..cijcc8, MUSIC. OliATlOS.- OKATIMX, . - -Thi-Ril,le, - - The .Mission o.Uc ' oi.is, MUSIC. MUSIC. . - - Beauty. - - - Lliainclci- Uuil.liti - ■ liE EI)liri(_)N. MUSIC INVOCATION. MUSIC. UUATIOV. - National Evils. - - A,G.F.SH.u. UltAlKlN. - - - What Bevonr! - .1 E, SrF-l.l-A Amx.sDEU OICATIU.N. . - - - IheVclotSlyateiy - - MUSIC. - C ni.ir. PAU..N OIIATION, - - Constitutional LiUcitv, - - - .1 U Spif.s UR.VTIO.N. - MUSIC. - An.v B ook? OltATIOS. - ■ - - TheFountainof VoQih, - Kuiz All.III E IIOLDIN.. - • - - Success. - - J 1 OK. ,TION. - musk:. - W.N llonv.,, VALtuicio.a- AD11RESSE5, MUSIC. - J S. C nsos MASIICI-. ' S UR MUSIC. CONFERRING OF DEGREES. MUSIC. n. TUATCBEB. AUDREYS TO T HE CLASS, HV Tin: PlItSIDKNT. MUSIC. BENEDICTION. MUSIC. Facsimile of commencement programme under Dr. Phillip ' s administration Kansas five years; Superintendent City Schools, Pittsburg, Kansas six years: occupied Chair of Latin, German, and Agriculture in the Cherokee County High School for nine years; and for many years he has been President of the Pan- handle School of Agriculture and Mechanics, at Goodwell, Oklahoma. He is a member of the Christian Science Church, and of the following fraternal orders : Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Maccabees, and A. O. U. W. He is also a member of the National Educational Association. JOHN H. G. BRINKERHOFF John H.G.Brinkerhoff was born in Hackensack, New Jer sey, December 14, 1844. His parents were Phillip and Sarah (Scott) BrinkerhofF, who were both American born, though the former was of Holland Dutch descent, and the latter of Scotch and Holland Dutch ancestry. He became a student in McKendree in 1878 and graduated from the Law Depart- ment in 1881, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was not a member of either literary society. He was married to Miss Amanda Clark at Mascoutah, Illinois, December 25, 1872. They have two daughters, Jennie and Amy, and four sons, Clarence M., Roland C, John P., and Richmond H. Mr. BrinkerhofF was Superintendent of Schools at Lebanon for ten years, and held a similar position at Salem for ten years. He was Deputy Treasurer of Marion County for five years and Police Magistrate for two years. He was an elder and preacher in the Christian Church, a Mason, and an Odd Fellow. He is author of a History of Marion County, also of several poems, one of which entitled, Just as their Dad- dies Did, has been used extensively by Professor Brownlee in his public readings. He was President of the Old Settlers Association of Marion County. He died in 1915. MRS. ANNA BROOKS FREARK Anna Mary Brooks was born at Bentonsport, fowa, Feb ' ruary 28, 1858. She is the daughter of Rev. Strange Brooks, a Methodist preacher. She entered McKendree in September, 1878, and graduated in the class of 188 1, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married September 4, 1882, to Rev. C. S. Freark, who was her classmate at McKendree. Their living children are Winona, who graduated from Baker University in 1906 and has since been a teacher in the Clay County (Kansas) High School; Christine B., who graduated from the Kansas State University; Clinton Joyce; and Christian S. Three daughters, Maude, Frances, and Ruth, died in childhood. Mrs. Freark is a member of the First Methodist Church at Lawrence, Kansas, is always anxious to do what she can to help every good work, and believes that women ought to be permitted toexercise the right of suffrage always. She avails herself of this privilege whenever the opportunity is offered. ' Ywo Hv.n ' ired, atiJ Setent -FouT ffMC KENDREE DR. JAMES M. G. CARTER James Madison Gore Carter was born in Johnson County, Illinois, April ! ;, 1843. He was educated chiefly at the State Normal University of Normal, Illinois, St. John ' s College, and the Medical Department of the Northwestern Univer- sity, from which he received the degree of M. D., 1880. He received from McKendree the honorary degree of A. M. in 1881, and therefore he is listed in the class of 1881. He was married to Eunice Northrop in 187},. She died in 1887. He was married a second time in 1887, to Mrs. E. P. Earle, of Chicago. He served in the Civil War. He is .1 member ot the G. A. R., a Knight Templar, an Odd Fellow, and has been President of the Chicago Medical Society. He is the author of several books. Among them are : Outlines of Med- ical Botany m the United States, Catarrhal Diseases of the Respiratory Organs, and Diseases of the Stomach. He has had a long and successful medical career, having re- sided for many years at Waukegan, Illinois. PETER T. ENTREKIN Peter Thomas Etrekin was born at Carlyle, Illinois, July 11, 1858. He was the son of Andrew J. and Sarah A. (Amos) Entrekin. He entered McKendree in 1878 and graduated in the class of 1881, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He then entered the St. Louis School of Pharmacy, from which he graduated in 1886. He spent his life as a druggist, following this pro- fession for many years m Dallas, Texas. He was married in March, 1884, to Miss Virginia Belle Cooper, of Alton. She. died in Dallas, Texas, April 21, 1907 and her husband died March 28, 1908. They left no children. Mr. Entrekin was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and voted with the Democratic party. REV. JACKSON C. HALL Jackson Caleb Hall was born at Nashville, Illinois, January 2 ;, 1862. His parents were Dr. A. A. and Lucretia (Goodner) Hall. He entered McKendree in 1877, completed the Classical Course, and received the degree of A. B. in 1881. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He was a Republican in politics and a member of the Christian Church, of which he became a minister and served m that capacity for many years. He lived for .some time at Albion, Illinois, and after- ward moved to Los Angeles, California. HON. ALLEN G. FISHER Allen GaskiU Fisher was born at Bakersville, Ohio, Sep- tember 16, i86j. His parents were Rev. G. W. and Mary Jane Fisher. His father was a Presbyterian minister and was stationed for some years at Trenton, 111. Allen G. graduated from McKendree in the class of 188 1, receiving the degree of A. B., and in 1884 from the Washington University Law School, where he received the degree of LL. B. He located m Chadron, Nebraska, for the practice of law, and that place has been his home during his entire professional career. He has been City Attorney, Mayor, member of the Board of Education and of the Nebraska Legislature. He is a Meth- odist, a Mason, Shriner, an Odd Fellow, and belongs to the Eagles, Elks, Knights of Pythias, Modern Woodmen, Royal Neighbors, Royal Highlanders, and the Commercial Club. He was married to Miss Flora R. Yanaway, of Toledo, Illi- nois. They have seven children, though not all are living. One of his daughters, Bessie V. Fisher, was a student in McKendree a tew years ago. MRS. CARRIE BROWN HOYT Carrie Agnes Brown was born at Lebanon, Illinois, Feb- ruary 5, 1863. She was a daughter of Luther and Carrie (Baldwin) Brown, who were natives, the former of Vermont and the latter of New York State. Her youth was spent in Lebanon, where, after attending the public schools, she en- tered McKendree in September, 1877, and graduated m the class of 1881, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married December 30, 1884, to Dr. John W. Hoyt, of the class of 1875. They resided for some years m Olney, Illinois, and later m Kansas City, Missouri, where Dr. Hoyt was engaged in the practice of medicine, and where he died in 1892. Mrs. Hoyt ' s death occurred January 19, 1909, at Sioux City, Iowa. PROF. JAMES S. CARSON James Sylvester Carson was born at Hoyleton, Illinois, October 6, i8 ' )9. His parents, K. L. and Catherine Carson, are both native Americans. After completing the courses offered by the home school, he entered McKendree and grad- uated in 1 88 1 as the valedictorian of his class, with the degree of A. B. He afterward received the degrees of A. M. and LL. B. from McKendree, and has done graduate work in the University of Chicago. While in McKendree he was a mem- ber of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married August 16, 1883, to Anna F. Spies, of the class of 1882. They have three sons: James W., Oliver J., and Charles L. Professor Carson has been employed in educational work in the state of Kansas for the last twenty-five years. For many years his work has been in Wichita, where he has been employed as Ward Principal, Department Teacher, High School Principal, and Superintendent. He was a candidate for County Super- intendent of Schools in Sedgwick County, of which Wichita is the County Seat. In May, 191 3, when he was delivering Two Hundred and Seventy-Fne . r r- i C MC KENDREE fe r . ..... . the Commencement address for the Valley Center High School, he was stricken with apoplexy and died four days later. He is survived by his wife and three sons. JOSEPH C. CREIGHTON Joseph C. Creighton was born in Wayne County, Illinois, in 1854, and died at Salt Lake City, Utah, in January, 1899. His parents were John M. and Mary Ann (Crews) Creigh- ton. He graduated from the Law Department of McKendree in 1881, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was married in 1883,, to Miss Cordelia Allen. They had no children. Mr. Creigh- ton followed the profession of law during his active life with good success and was recognized as an able and honorable lawyer. He served two terms as State ' s Attorney of Christian County. He was a member of the Methodist Church. REV. CHRISTIAN S. FREARK Christian Simon Freark was born December 29, 1854, at Fosterburg, Illinois. His father. Christian Freark, was a farm- er in Madison County, Illinois. He became a student m McKendree in September, 1877, and after completing the Classical Cour.se, graduated in 1881, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He entered Garrett Biblical Institute, but before he had com- pleted his course, his health failed and he was obliged to abandon his Theological Course. He was admitted to the Kansas Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1882. He served charges in this conference in the Atchison and Kansas City Districts until 191 j, when he took the supernumerary relation, and resides at Lawrence, Kansas- He was a very earnest, and according to the testimony of his members, a very acceptable pastor and preacher. He was married September 4, 1882, to Miss Anna M. Brooks, who graduated from McKendree in the same class with himself. Of their seven children, four are now living. He is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows Lodges m L.iwrence. WILLIAM W. FLINT William Wmterton Flint was born at Lebanon, Illinois, March 23,, 1858, and died at Lebanon, January 25, 1896. His parents, William and Mary Flint, were both English, and came to Lebanon in 1842. He became a student in McKen- dree in 1875 and graduated in the class of 1881, receiving the degree of B. S. In 1884 he received the degrees of M. S. and LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary So- ciety. He was married September 7, 1887, to Miss Carrie Beck, of Lebanon. Their only son, Charles William, is a graduate of the Lebanon High School and is now employed in mercantile business in Chicago. Mr. Flint spent some years in farming, several as a lumber dealer in Lebanon, was m the real estate business tor a while m Pratt, Kansas, and editor of a paper m Trenton, Illinois. For some time before his death his health was too frail to permit him to engage in any active occupation. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. PROF. JOHN W. HENNINGER John Wesley Henninger was born December 21, 1857, ' Hagarstown, Illinois. His parents were John B. and Amanda E. Henninger, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Kentucky. He entered McKendree in 1878, having pre- viously been a student in the Wesleyan University. He grad- uated with the class of 1881, receiving the degree of B. S. Three years later he received the degree of M. S., and in 1892, after finishing the Law Course, he was granted the degree of LL. B. In 1906 he received the degree of Ph. M. from the University of Chicago. While in McKendree he was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married in 1890, to Miss Clara K. Kimlin, of Quincy, Illi- nois. They have three children: Ellen Louise, Thomas, and Julia. The following are some of the principal positions held by Professor Henninger since leaving McKendree: Principal of the Bloomington High School four years; Superintendent of the Charleston city schools six years; Assistant Superin- tendent of Public Instruction of the State of Illinois two years; Superintendent of the Jacksonville city schools four years; President of the Macomb Stiite Normal four years. During all these years he was an active member of the Illinois State Teachers ' Association and the National Educational Association. He was also one of the organizers of the South- ern Illinois Teachers ' Association. He was a Knight Templar and a member of the Knights of Pythias. He was a life long Methodist and active Christian worker. He was a member of the Illinois Conference and pastor of Methodist churches for several years. In 1914 he was elected Professor of Phil- osophy in the Illinois Wesleyan University. He died at Bloomington, July 25, 1918. ELIZABETH E. HOLDING Eliz.iheth Ella Holding was born at Virden, Macoupin County, Illinois, September i, 1858. Her father. Rev. Rich- ard Holding, after spending about forty years in the Meth odist ministry — mostly in the state of Kentucky, died in 1868, leaving five children, of whom Elizabeth was the young- est. Her mother died in 1866. She made her home for a time with her brother. Rev. Carlisle B Holding, in Carbondale, Illinois, and attended the Southern Illinois Normal School. L.iter she entered McKendree College, where she gradixited Twn Hundred and Sev c KENDREE : , . .,. Facsimile of the programme of the music soiree by the scholars of the Conservatory of Music of McKendree College held on June in 1881. receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. While in McKendree she became an intimate friend of Lucy J. Rider — afterward Mrs. Meyer, who was then a teacher there. Soon after graduation she went to teach in a mission school in Santiago, Chili, South America. In 1885 she returned to the United States and taught in Salt Lake City as a home mis- sionary under the direction of Dr. Iliff until the opening of the Chicago Training School for missionaries under the direc- tion of Mrs. Meyer. After about four years of efficient service m the Chicago Training School, she was chosen on the recom- mendation of Mrs. Meyer herself as instructor in Bible in the Scarritt Training School in Kansas City. After a career of notable success in this institution, she was called from labor to reward, August 28, 1896. Her Hfe was an inspiration to nobler thought and action, to all who came under her influence. WILBUR N. HORNER Wilbur Nathan Horner was born at Lebanon, St. Clair County, Illinois, May 2, i860. He is a son of Henry Hypes Horner, who was a member of the first class that graduated from McKendree. He graduated m the class of 1881, receiv- ing the degree of A. B. The following year he received the degree of LL. B., and m 1884, A. M. He was the salutatorian of his class, and was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. His education was completed by taking a post grad- uate course at Columbia University, New York. For seven years he engaged in the practice of law in Belleville, Illi- nois, being associated with ex-Governor Gustavus Koerner. He removed to Chicago in 1893, and shortly after formed a law partnership with ex-United States Senator Lyman Trumbull, of Chicago, and continued in this partnership until Senator Trumbull ' s death; since which time he has practiced law alone and has made a specialty of corporation work. He has travelled extensively in Europe and is a member of numerous clubs in Chicago, New York, and other cities. For several years, having retired from active service, he has lived with his two younger sisters at the old Horner homestead in Lebanon. MARY E. LEONARD Mary Emma Leonard was born May 16, iS-vv. Her parents were George Leonard, who was of Irish descent, and Harriet M. (Parker) Leonard, who was of English ancestry. She en- tered McKendree in 1878 and graduated in 1881 with the degree of B. S. In 1893 she received the degree of Ph. D. from McKendree, which was earned by resident graduate Two Hundred and Seientv-Sei-eii s work. In 1894 she received the degree of M. L. from Cornell University, at Ithaca, N. Y. This also was secured by resi- dent graduate study. While at McKendree she was a mem- ber of the Clionian Society. In 1886 she graduated from the Kansas State Normal School and therefore holds a life cer- tificate to teach in the public schools of Kansas. She taught two years in that state as high school principal, one at Lone and the other at Osage City. She was principal of the schools at Palms, CaHfornia from 1889 to 1893, and in 1894-95 she held a similar position at Escondido, California. December 27, 1890, she was granted a life certificate in the schools of that state. She taught English and Latin in the high school at Elsinore, California, 1898-99. She compiled a set of abstract books for Sangamon County, Illinois and built up a good abstract business in the years 1903-1912. In March, 1912, she returned to California and went into the real estate business in the city of Los Angeles. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, belongs to the Founder ' s Chapter of the American Women ' s League, and is a mem ber of the American Women ' s Republic. MRS. CARRIE PADON PHELPS Carrie Olive Padon was born at Summerfield, February 3, 1862. She graduated from McKendree in the class of 1881, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of Clio. She was married to George L. Phelps, of Columbia, December 17, 1884. Mr. Phelps was also educated at McKendree, but died in 1899, leaving Mrs. Phelps with six children. She bravely undertook the task of rearing and educating these children; all of whom grew to maturity, though thr ee of them succumbed to the influenza epidemic in 1917. Mrs. Phelps taught m the public schools of Illinois and Missouri for several years, served eight ye;irs as County Superintend- ent of Schools of Howell County, Missouri, taught in the Agricultural College of New Mexico, served as Postmistress of State College, New Mexico, and as Home Demonstration Agent for the College. She is now serving a two year contract as House Manager of a Boys ' School in Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands. In June, 1928, she expects to return to her home in State College, New Mexico. She is a member of the Royal Neighbors and the Knights and Ladies of Security. OSCAR R. SILLIMAN Oscar Rudolph Silliman was born at Carmi, Illinois, April 12, i86i. He graduated from McKendree in 1881 with the degree of B. S. He w.is a member of the Philo Society. Later he took a law course in the Illinois Wesleyan, though he did not practice law. He taught school for some years in Illinois, and then went to Colorado in the hope of improving his health, which had not been good from the time of his recovery from a severe case of typhoid fever. He went to Durango, Colorado, in 1892 and engaged in mercantile busi- ness until 1909, when the state of his health became such that he was compelled to sell his business and take up work in the open air. He bought a fruit and dairy ranch near Durango and lived on it with a fair degree of health until his death, which occurred December 26, 1921, as the result of a tumor on the brain. He was married in 1902 to Miss Etta Hornady, of McCune, Kansas, who was at that time teaching school in Animas City, Colorado. Their one daugh- ter IS now married and lives in Denver, which is also the present home of Mrs. Silliman. JACOB A. SPIES Jacob Alfred Spies was born at Marine, Illinois, March 14, iS-ig. He is a son of Jacob and Katherine Spies, who were natives of Germany. He entered McKendree in January, 1878, and graduated in June, 1881, receiving the degrees of B. S. and LL. B., both at the same time. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He was married to Anna Spies, June 17, 1886. They have four children: Anna Agnes, Eliza- beth, Charles, and Adolph. When Mr. Spies finished his college course, having carried the Law Course at the same time, his health was broken ; so for two years after his grad- uation he travelled in Europe and succeeded in regaining his health. In 1885 he came to Palo Alto County, Iowa, then a vast praine, and invested in land, and engaged in farming for a period of five years. When the country de- veloped, he built and operated a line of grain elevators and lumber yards, which he operated till 1904, when he sold the business. About the same time the American Savings Bank of Graettinger was organized, of which Mr. Spies be- came president, and which position he still holds. In 191 1 he purchased a controlling interest in the Union Dairy Com- pany, of St. Louis. He then moved to St. Louis and lived in that city until 1917, when he moved back to his Iowa home, where he now lives and is engaged in the practice of law. Two Hundred and Sex ' cntyEight MC KENDREE K s: : -s g .r THE CLASS OF 1SS2 MRS, CAROLINE THRALL CAMPBELL Caroline H. Thrall was horn m Edwards County, Illinois, January i8, 1845. Her parents were Worthy Thrall, a native of Vermont, of English descent, and Hannah James, who was born in Ohio, of Welsh ancestry. She entered McKendree in 1869, but failing health, two years later, necessitated the abandonment of school work for some years. Returning to Lebanon in 1881, she completed her course and was graduated in 1882, receiving the degree of B. S. She was one of the founders of Clio, and a member of the committee which drafted the constitution and by-laws. She was reared in a Methodist home and united with the church at the age of nine. September 2, 1875, she was united in marriage to Rev. C. W. Campbell, a Methodist preacher. Their children are Mrs. Ettie C. Marshall, of Jennings, La., and Leo F., for some time a student in McKendree. Mrs. Campbell taught four years in Houston Seminary while her husband was prin- cipal of that institution. Since that time, in addition to her household duties, she has been assistant pastor in the var- ious charges her husband has held. She died at Lake Charles, Louisiana, December ji, 1924. SENATOR CHARLES S. DENEEN One of the most highly respected names to be found in the long history of McKendree College and the city of Lebanon, is that of Deneen. That name seems to have reached its climax of renown m the present senior United States Senator from Illinois, Charles S. Deneen. His ancestry can be traced back to the founders of the American Republic. His grand-father. Rev. William L. Deneen, was born in Pennsylvania in 1798 and came to Illinois in his early manhood. He married Verlinder Moore, the daughter of Risdon Moore, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. After helping to win the war of Independence, Moore went to Georgia, then came to Illinois in time to help lay the found - ations and formulate the policies of the great prairie state. The three children of William and Verlinder Deneen were Risdon M., Samuel H., and their sister, who married Judge Metcalf of Edwardsville. Samuel Hedding Deneen married Sarah Ashley, daughter of Hiram K. Ashley. Of their four children, Charles Samuel was the second, born May 4, 1863. He thus comes of pioneer stock, eminent for both their piety and their patriotism. His ancestors helped to make this country what it is, and he is using his abilities in an effort to maintain the high ideals which his ancestors helped to SENATOR DENEEN establish. His people were also closely identified with Mc- Kendree College. His great grandfather, Nathan Horner, was one of the founders, its iirst treasurer, and for thirty-eight years a trustee. Henry Hypes Horner, his great uncle, was a member of the first graduating class, and for twenty-four years. Dean of the Law Department. Benjamin Hypes, another great uncle, was treasurer for thirty-five years, and a trustee for sixty years, which is the longest official connection on record. William L. Deneen, his grandfather, received a degree from McKendree and was a trustee for eight years. Hiram K. Ashley, his other grandfather, was a charter trustee and served until 1851. Risdon Marshall Moore, his second cousin, graduated m 1850 and served in the faculty from that time until 1866, except the time he was m the Cn ' il War as Colonel of the 117th Illinois, known as the McKendree Regiment. Risdon M. Deneen, his uncle, graduated from McKendree in 1854. Samuel H, Deneen, his father, graduated m the same year and taught Latin in McKendree for thirty years. Charles Samuel is the second of his father ' s four children, all of whom graduated from McKendree. Mr. Deneen feels that he owes much of his life ' s success to the college. His early home was adjoining the camp- us, and he grew up m the college atmosphere. He became a student there as soon as he was old enough, under the rules. In McKendree ' s class rooms he learned habits of close and thorough study, and in the Philosophian Society he learned to think on his feet. In his contacts with both te.ichers and students he received the inspiration that made him ambitious to serve his fellowmen. He completed the course and graduated in 1882, receiving the degree of A. B. Of the twenty-five members of his class, one other attained emin- ence m public life, both in the state and nation. This is . Ex-Senator Lawrence Y. Sherman. In 1885 Mr. Deneen received the degrees of A. M. and LL. B. from McKendree, and m 190 ' ; that of LL.D. In recognition of the debt he owes his Alma Mater he has rendered eminent service to her in many ways. He became a trustee in 1900 and has therefore served for twenty-eight consecutive years. For ten years he was president of the Board and a member of the Executive Committee. He has contributed liberally to the endowment fund, besides being the sole donor of the ten acre experiment field, adjoining the city limits of Lebanon, which is owned by the college but conducted by the University of Illinois. When McKendree was in an endowment campaign he gave several days of his Two Hundred and S: Sl g s valuable time, speaking in important centers ,ind presenting the claims of the oldest Methodist College in Illinois. Jn fact but few men in all her century of history can show a record of service to the institution equal to his. Mr. Deneen began the practice of law in Chicago a few years after he left McKendree, and has considered that city his home ever since. He served a term in the legislature of Illinois, two terms as State ' s Attorney of Cook County, and two terms as Governor of Illinois. He then returned to his law practice in Chicago until he was elected United States Senator. But his public life is a matter of common knowledge and need not be repeated here. He was married May lo, 1891 to Miss Bina Day Maloney of Mt. Carroll, Illinois. They have four children — Edward Ashley, Dorothy, Frances and Bina. EXHIBITION! MlQSQPHIAN $ SOCIETY, pf 1 President o( the E ' CHARLES S. DENEEN Facsimile of Philo programme with Senator Deneen s name MRS. CORA DUNSDON McKEE Cor.i Irene Dunsdon was born at Jerseyville, Illinois, Feb ' ruary 11, 1862. She graduated from McKendree in the class of 1882, with the degree of B. S. She was a member of Clio. Soon after her graduation she was married to Horace N. McKee, who was also a McKend rean. She died at Lebanon, Illinois, May jo, 1884. JAMES R. LARGE James Robert Large was born at Freedom, Ohio, Novem- ber 13,, 1854. He IS the son of Samuel and Mariah Large, the former of whom was horn in Queen ' s County, Ireland, and the latter was of Scotch-Irish descent. He entered McKen- dree in September, 1875, and graduated in the class of 1882, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. In addition to his college course, he took a course in the Bryant and Stratton Business College, in Chicago. He has spent the years since graduation in various occupations — among them, teaching in the public schools, travelling salesman, book-keeper, clerk, and some lines of literary work. On the day of his graduation he delivered the Latin salutatory, and gained distinction as a student by his high grades in Greek. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and of the order of Knights of Pythias. He is unmarried and lives at Agnew, California. MRS. SUSANNA LARGE McGAW Susanna Hunter Large was born at Owaneco, lUinois, March 7, 1858. She is the younger sister of James Robert Large, but graduated in the same class with him in 1882, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was a teacher in the public schools until 1890, when she was married to Mr. William McGaw. They have one son and three daughters. Mrs. McGaw is a member of the Methodist Church and active in religious work. She has served as class leader and Sunday School Superintendent. Her home is still at Owaneco. JUDGE WILLIAM H. LITTICK William Littick was born near Vandalia, Illinois, February 4, 1859. He is a son of Marcus A. and Mary Littick, who were both native Americans. He graduated from McKendree in the class of 1882, receiving the degrees of B. S. and LL. B , both at the same commencement. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was married in October, 1885, and has one son, George S. Littick. He has been engaged in the practice of law ever since his graduation and for many years has been located in Kansas City, Kansas, where he is still in the active practice of his profession. He was Munici- pal Judge of Kansas City one term. He is a member of sev- eral fraternal orders. JUDGE J. McCABE MOORE John McCabe Moore was born at Carlyle, Illinois, June II, 1862. His parents were David A. and Matilda J. Moore, ,ind his father belonged to the numerous family of Moores, whose ancestors came to Illinois from Virginia. He graduated from McKendree in the class of 1882, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. After leaving McKendree, he read law in Carlyle, Decatur, and Chicago. He was admitted to the bar in 1886. Two Hiitidred and Eight; MC KENDREE He settled m Kansas City, Kansas for the practice of law m 1886. For live years he held the office of Judge of the District Court of Wyandotte County, Kansas. He was first assistant United States District Attorney for the District of Kansas for two years, when he resigned and resumed the practice of law in Kansas City, Missouri, where he has ever since been located in business, though he resides m Kansas City, Kansas. He was married June 20, 1894, to Miss Nellie Mc- Cracken. of Nashville, Illinois, who was one ot his school mates in McKendree. He is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason. MRS. LAURA MOUSLEV LINDLY Laura Irene Mousley was born at Shipman, Illinois, in the year i86j. She is the daughter of John R. and Thyrza Mous- ley, who were both native Americans. She became a student in McKendree in September, 1878, and graduated m June, 1882, receiving the degree of B. S. and a diploma in Elocution. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married December 5, i88j, to Madison M. Lindly, who grad- uated from McKendree in the class of 1880. They have three children — John M., Mary M., and Charles M. Mrs. Lindly taught music for some time in Illinois, and also after moving to Oklahoma. She is a member of the- Episcopalian Church, the Order of the Eastern Star, and the Rebekah Lodge, No. I ' ;, McAlester, Oklahoma. Her home was in McAlester from 1890 until after the death of her husband, when she moved to Lafayette, Indiana. HON. FRED MOESER Frederick Moeser was born near the village of Smithton, in St. Clair County, lUinois, September 13, 1857. He is a son of Henry and Christina (Stephens) Moeser, who were both natives of Germany, but came to America and settled in St. Clair County about the middle of the nineteenth century. After preliminary education in the public schools of his own township and in Belleville, he entered McKendree College, from which he graduated in 1882, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He then entered the Law Department of the University of Missouri, from which he graduated in 1883 with the degree of LL. B. He was afterward admitted to the bar, both in Illinois and Missouri. He located in Freeburg, Illinois, where he served as City Attorney and Principal of the Public School until 1905, when he moved to East St. Louis. In the fall of 1912 he was elected County Auditor of St. Clair County, which position he held till his death. At the old homestead near Tamaroa, Illinois, he was married, April 26, 1883, to Miss Melissa J. Smith. They have three children, all grown — Ralph E. Moeser, M. D., now in the employ of Armour and Co. of Chicago as Assistant Physician; F. Adolph Moe- ser, a commercial graduate, now employed as book-keeper for Texas Motor Car and Supply Company of Cuero, Texas; and Miss Geneva Moeser, a graduate of the East St. Louis High School, who, since her graduation, has been employed as a teacher in the public schools of that city. She has talent in music and took up a special course in that subject m the Mc- Kendree Music Conservatory in 191 3. Mr. Moeser died at his home in East St. Louis, December 22, 191 5. REV. REUBEN E. PIERCE Reuben Edward Pierce was born near Harrisburg, Illinois. He IS the oldest son of Rev. Dr. Benjamin R. Pierce, who was for fifty years a member of the Southern Illinois Confer ' ence. Both he and the mother, Mrs. Elizabeth H. Pierce, were of Puritan stock and Revolutionary parentage. After consid- erable preliminary training elsewhere, he entered McKendree in 1880 and graduated in 1882 with the degree of A. B. Later, he received the degree of Master of Arts. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He took a full course at Garrett Biblical Institute and received the degree of B. D. in 1887. He was received on trial in the Southern Illinois Con- ference in 1882. He served pastoral charges in that conference until 1899, except three years that he was a missionary in New Mexico. In 1899 he was transferred to the Illinois Con- ference and m 1908 to the Colorado Conference, and was made Superintendent of the Colorado Children ' s Home So- ciety. In 1914 he was transferred to the Rock River Confer- ence. He was married in 1886, to Miss Fannie F. Gillham, of Edwardsville, Illinois. They have three children — Raymond Clark, who graduated from the University of Illinois; a daughter, Mary Pierce, and the youngest son were educated in the University of Denver. Mr. Pierce is a member of the Odd Fellows Lodge. After his retirement, he lived m St. Louis for a time, but now resides at Manatee, Florida. HUBERT W. REYNOLDS Hubert Winfield Reynolds was born at Mascoutah, lUi nois, July 7, 1861. He was a son of Nathan J. and Mary J. Reynolds, who lived at Belleville when their children at- tended McKendree. He entered college in September, 1878, and graduated in the class of 1S82, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He spent most of his life after graduation in the employ of the railroad, for a time as telegraph operator, but for the last twenty-one years of his life he was a bridge collector for the Terminal Railroad Company of St. Louis. He died October 26, 1906. One who knew him in his college Two Hundred and Eighty-0. MC KENDREE days says of him that he was an exemplary young man. He was a Methodist, and in politics, a Republican. MRS. ANNIE REYNOLDS MULLEN Annie Catherine Reynolds was born August 29, 186a, at Mexico, Missouri. She is a daughter of Nathan J. and Mary J. Reynolds. She entered McKendree as a student in the fall of 1878 and graduated in June, 1882, with the degree of A. B. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married in December, 1884, to Chas. T. Mullen. Their home has been at Belleville, Illinois, for many years. Mrs. Mullen is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. GEORGE P. RAMSEY George Price Ramsey was born near Xenia, Clay County, Illinois, January 19, 1863. He is a son of George D. and Mary Ann (Price) Ramsey, of whom the former was a native of Ohio, of Scotch descent, and the latter was born in Indiana, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. He entered McKendree in the Spring of 1880 and graduated in the class of 1882, with the degree of B. S., later receiving that of M. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He studied law and has made that his profession since 1885. He served two terms as City Attorney of Mt. Carmel, Illinois, and an equal period as State ' s Attorney of Wabash County. In 19 ij he became Assistant Attorney General for the state of Illinois. He is a member of the B. P. O. E., the K. of P., and of the Episcopal Church. He was married July 16, 1884, to Miss Amanda L. Phillips. They have two children — Mary Ethelyn Bellaire, born in 1885; and Edgar Phillips Ramsey, born in 1887. PROF. FRANKLIN F. ROOSE Franklin Frederick Roose was born July 3, 1855, in Mo ' line, 111. He attended the Rock Island Public Schools. Later he spent two years at the Illinois Wesleyan University. He then went to Quincy, Illinois, where he taught certain branches in Chaddock College and continued his studies in a business course which he had begun at Curriers Business College. He graduated at the Gem City Business College at Quincy in 1880. The following September he entered Mc- Kendree, and while pursuing his studies in the Scientific Course, he paid expenses by running a business department in McKendree. He graduated in 1882 with the degree of B. S. In 1885 he received the degree of M. S., and in i886 he received the degree of A. M. from the Iowa Wesleyan University. June 20, 1882, he and his wife sailed for South America to teach in the American College at Pernambuco, Brazil. As the climate did not agree with him, he returned after a year and established the Lincoln Business College at Lincoln, Neb., of which he continued to be the head till 1891, when It had an enrollment of about one thousand stu- dents. He then became the founder of the Lincoln Normal University, which is one of the leading institutions of its class. For six years he was editor of the Western Workman, the official organ of the A. O. U. W. He has held the office of Head Adviser m the M. W. A. He was past master Work- man of the A. O. U. W. and past Chancellor Commander of the K. of P. He was one of the founders of the Woodmen of the World, and for nine years supreme treasurer of that body. He was also one of the founders of the Fraternal Union of America, and has been supreme president of the order. He was a member of the Masonic Fraternity, both York and Scottish Rite, and a Shriner. He was Fraternal Commissioner for the Trans-Mississippi Exposition in 1898, and has held numerous other offices and positions of honor and trust. His home was in Denver at the time of his death in 1921. MRS. ELIZABETH MORRISON ROOSE Elizabeth Morrison was born at Wapella, Illinois, October 21, 1858. She is a daughter of H. B. Morrison, of Scotch-Irish descent, and Caroline Sears Morrison, whose ancestors were English and German. She became a student in McKendree in 1880 and graduated in 1882 with the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Society. She was married to Prof. F. F. Roose in 1880. To them were born two children — a son, Samuel Morrison, now deceased; and a daughter, Car- lotta Estelle. In addition to her home duties, Mrs. Roose has devoted some years to professional occupation in connection with her husband ' s work. She was one year a teacher in Pernambuco, Brazil, S. A., and one year Principal of the Shorthand Department of the Omaha Business College, of Omaha, Nebraska. She has been a member of the Methodist Church since 1877, and belongs to the Woodman Circle, R. W. A., F. U. of A., and the Eastern Star. She lives in Denver, Colorado. JUDGE WILLIAM M. SCHUWERK William Martin Schuwerk was born April 12, 1856, at Cleveland, Ohio. His father, Peter Paul Schuwerk, was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, and his mother, Elizabeth Mosser, was born in Switzerland. He entered college in the fall of 1876 and graduated in June, 1882, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. For three ye;irs after graduating, he was Principal of the Evansville Public Schools. Since that time he has devoted himself wholly to the legal profession. In 1889 he was elected to the Illinois Legislature. In 1904 he was appointed Master in Chancery of Randolph County, Two Hundred and EtghtyTwo I s: which position he held for six years. In iqio he was elected County Judge of the same county, and is still serving in that office. He has always been active in politics and belongs to the Democratic party. He is a member of Kaskaskia Lodge No. 86, A. F. ? A. M.; Elwood Lodge No. 895, located at Evansville, Illinois; Hercules Lodge No. 285, Knights of Pythias, at Chester, Illinois; Stayley Chapter No. loj, Royal Arch Masons, at Sparta, Illinois; and to Murphysboro Lodge No. 572, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He was married June 7, 1883, to Miss Mary M. Hoffman. They have four children: Mrs. Myrtle Schuwerk Sauer, William H., Walter J., and Paul E. Schuwerk. All have been students at McKendree. JOHN A. SHEPARD John Adams Shepard was born August 14, 1861, m Wa- bash County, Illinois. He is the only son of Morrill A. Shepard, of English- American descent, and Mary (Moorhead) Shepard, of Scotch-Irish descent. He removed with his parents from Evansville, Indiana to Lebanon, Illinois, m the year 187 1. He received a portion of his education in the public schools of Lebanon. He entered McKendree College in 1877 and graduated m 1882 with the degree of A. B. Later he received the degree of A. M. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. From the date of his graduation till 1901 he was engaged in mercantile business. Since that time he has been a real estate dealer in the city of St. Louis. He was married m 1902, to Miss Mary E. Todd, of Jackson, Tennessee. MRS. ANNA SPIES CARSON Anna Frances Spies was born at Maunie, Illinois, April ' ), 1863. Her parents, Jacob and Catherine Spies, were both German. She entered McKendree m September, 1879, and graduated in June, 1882, receiving the degree of B. S. Two years later she received the degree of M. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married August 16, i88j, to James S. Carson. Their three sons are James Waldo, Oliver J., and Charles L. The last is now in the employ of the government at Washington, D. C. Mrs. Car- son IS a member of the St. Paul ' s Methodist Chur ch in Wichita, Kansas, where her home has been for the last quarter of a century. HON. LAWRENCE Y. SHERMAN The birthplace of Lawrence Yates Sherman, former United States Senator from Illinois, is Miami County, Ohio, where EX-SENATOR SHERMAN he was born November 8, 1858. His parents, Nelson and Maria (Yates) Sherman, moved to Illinois when he was less than a year old. He grew to maturity, was educated, engaged in his profession, and in public life in the Prairie State. His early education was in the common country schools near his parents ' farm and in Lee ' s Academy, in Coles County, Illi- nois. At about twenty he first attended McKendree College. Previous to that time he had taught in the district schools of Jasper County. He was dependent entirely on his own efforts to improve his condition and pay his way. He earned the money to educate himself at McKendree by teaching the Emerald Mound School north of Lebanon for three years, pursuing, during that time —evenings and Saturdays — the Law Course m McKendree He did not complete the regular college course, though the records show he attained the rank of junior, and he takes satisfaction in knowing he studied Latin and History under Professor Samuel H. Deneen in McKendree. His name appears as a member of the Philosophian Soci- ety and on certain programs of the Philo Ex- hibitions given in the college chapel. However, his chief interest was in the Law Course, which he completed satisfactorily and grad- uated in the law class of 1882, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a classmate of Hon. Charles S. Deneen, former Governor of Illinois and now Senior United States Senator. Mr. Sherman was admitted to the bar m 1882 and began the practice of law at Macomb, Illinois, where he continued to reside and practice for twenty-three years, while serving the people of his county and state in various public capaci- ties. He was City Attorney of Macomb from 188 ' ; to 1887, County Judge of McDonough County from 1886 to 1890. In 1896 he was elected to the Lower House in the Illinois Legislature, in which he served continuously until he was elected Lieutenant-Governor in 1904. During his second and third terms he was elected Speaker of the House. As Lieu- tenant-Governor he was Ex-Officio president of the State Senate. He therefore had the distinction and privileges of presiding over both houses of the Illinois Legislature. In 1904 the so-called deadlocked Convention occurred. After a long and spirited contest in that State Convention, his classmate, Charles S. Deneen, was nominated for Gover- nor and Lawrence Y. Sherman for Lieutenant-Governor on Two Hundred and ExghtyThrec %MC KENDREE : ..... .. the Republican ticket. There were also several McKendreans serving in the Legislature while those two loyal sons of Mc- Kendree were at the head of the state government. Mr. Sherman was not a candidate for a second term in the office of Lieutenant-Governor. About that time he was appointed by the President a member of Spanish Treaty Claims Com- mission and was confirmed by the Senate, but declined the honor. In 1909 he was appointed by Governor Deneen as President of the Illinois Board of Administration, which had control of seventeen state charities. Those institutions were united under one head with their management unified and improved. The plan of this Board was afterward expanded and applied to all the state ' s executive departments in the statute known as the Civil Administration Act. He remained Chairman of this Board until March, 1913, when after a long and lively contest, he was elected by the Illinois Le gislature, United States Senator, to complete the unexpired term of William Lorimer, who was removed from the Senate because of irregularities in his election. Soon after this the Seventeenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution was ratified by three-fourths of the states, pro- viding for the election of United States Senators by direct vote of the people. In 1914 he was renominated at the Re- publican State Primary and was a candidate on that ticket for the full term of six years, beginning March 4, 1915, and was re-elected in a campaign of much opposition. Roger C. Sullivan, of Chicago, was his opponent on the Democratic ticket. Roosevelt ' s Bull Moose party put a candidate m the field, also from Chicago. Ex-President Roosevelt person- ally engaged in the Illinois campaign, making numerous plat- form addresses favoring his Bull Moose candidate and assail- ing Senator Sherman, and reflecting on him in very bitter terms without success. His candidate was defeated, running third in the race. Mr. Sherman was re-elected with the entire Illinois Republican ticket that carried his name at its head. He was in the Senate during the whole period of the World War. On March 4, 1919, he was one of the thirty-nine Sen- ators who signed a public statement opposing the ratification of the League of Nations, thus assuring its defeat. In the opposition and long discussions of that measure, in the Sen- ate, he took part, the Congressional Record discloses, until the last roll call and its final rejection. At the close of his second term, he voluntarily retired from public life and re- sumed the practice of law in Springfield, which had been his residence since 1905. During the period from September, 1921, to February, 1922, he served without compensation, under appointment by President Harding, as Special Adviser to Hon. Charles G. Dawes in the installation of the Federal Bureau of Budget at Washington, D. C. Mr. Sherman had two law partners at Macomb. The first was Lyman B. Vose, during the period before he became County Judge. After leaving that office in 1890, he formed a partnership with George D. Tunnicliff which continued for twenty years. He retired from practice during the years he was in Washington, but on his return to Springfield, he entered into a partnership with Noah C. Bainum, at Spring- field, Illinois, and at Daytona Beach, Florida, where he had established his winter home. At Daytona, a business enter- prise absorbed a portion of Senator Sherman ' s almost exhaust- less energy. He, with several associates, organized the First National Bank of Daytona Beach, which was opened Decem- ber 2j, 1924. He served as president of this institution the first year, and since that time as Chairman of the Board of Directors. In Senator Sherman ' s home life, he has been called to pass through some peculiarly sad experiences. He was married to Miss Ella M. Crews in 1891, but this happy union was brought to an untimely end by the death of Mrs. Sherman only two years later. His second marriage occurred March 4, 1908, when Miss Estelle Spitler, of Montrose, Effingham County, Illinois, became his bride. But death claimed her in 1910. She left a little daughter, Virginia, now grown to womanhood. Mr. Sherman is a Mason and has attained the thirty-second degree in the Oriental Consistory of Chicago, and the honorary thirty-third degree in Boston. REV. ALBERT N, SIMMONS Albert Nelson Simmons was born in Jersey County, Illi- nois, December 22, iS 8. He is a son of Samuel C. and Lor- enda (Miles) Simmons. The father was born in Maryland and the mother in Kentucky. This was one of the pioneer families of Illi nois, having settled in Jersey County about 1 8 JO. Albert N. entered McKendree College in 1878 and graduated in 1882, receiving the degree of A. B., and in 1885, A. M. In 1888 he graduated from Garrett Biblical Institute with the degree of B. D. While in McKendree he was a member of the Platonian Society. He was married April 23,, 1884, to Miss Etta R. Hoyt, of Lebanon. They have one son, Harold Hoyt, born in 1888, at St. Joseph, Ilhnois. He graduated from the University of Illinois in 1909 and later became Associate Editor of the Railway Age-Gazette, of Chicago. Mr. Simmons taught school in Shiloh Valley one year after his graduation and then joined the Illinois Con- ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and spent the 1828cMNH928 Two Hundred and Eight -Fo r 5 g ss IN TRANSITU, 8:30: . M. f f Mxjaio. IIsrWOOAXION. l tJSIC. o=f . ■ AmUlUon. SunllshtaniIShaao-,v. - MUSIC. is:S . rortheL.BtTto.. - MUSIC. KS=| ORATION, ' MUSIC, ORilTION. . ' ' °sL ' ,™ ? ' ■• ' ' . ' ,;■?, ' = ' ' „ ' ■■■- - ' c ' s ' Droe ' ' IN TRANSITU, ' . kDEg g ' F JiiCpCISESlI . y , „, „r:,rr:li COXFERBrNO OK UEOREE.S Facsimile of commence rrogramme under Dr. Phillip ' s aj active years of his life as a faithful and diligent preacher of the Gospel. He retired m ig26 and now resides at Cerro Gordo, Illinois, where he was once pastor. MRS. ANNA VIRGIN REAGEL Anna Miscinda Virgin was horn on a farm near St. Jacob, Illinois, March 24, 1861. Her parents were Thomas J. and Anna Lindly Virgin, who were both natives of Illinois. She graduated from McKendree m the class of 1882, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married July 20, 1892, to Ausben Wyle Reagel, who is now president of the First National Bank of Waverly, Illinois. They have three children: Elizabeth M., Fred V., and Edgar A. Mrs. Reagel is a member of the Bap ' tist Church and of the Minerva Literary Club, of which she has been president for many years. Her home is at Waverly. WILLIAM H. WILSON William H. Wilson was born m Wayne County, Illinois, 111 1858. His parents were John and Eliza J. (Harper) Wilson, the father being born in England and the mother in Illinois. He became a student in McKendree in 1880 and graduated from the Law Department in 1882, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. Shortly after his graduation, he went to the State of Oregon, which has been his home ever since. He taught school for a time to get a start and then engaged in the practice of law, in which vocation he has been very successful. He was twice elected District Attorney. He was married after going to Oregon, and has one daughter. He has an elegant home and IS a highly respected citizen of The Dalles, where he has long resided. He is a member of the Benevolent and Pro- tective Order of Elks. THE CLASS OF I!Ss:i WILLIAM T. BONHAM William Thomas Bonham was born at Fairfield, Illinois, in April, 1865. He graduated from the Law Department of McKendree at the early age of eighteen, as a member of the class of 1883. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. During the years since his graduation, he has been engaged in the practice of law m his native town, where with his family he still resides. He is a Republican in politics. ALFRED E. COUGHENOUR Alfred Edwin Coughenour was born at Jeffersonville, Illi- nois, August 18, 1859. After finishing the public schools he entered McKendree and became a member of the Philosoph- ian Literary Society. He graduated in the class of i88j with the degree of A. B. He has been an educator for the most part since that time, but has many side lines He has studied law; is well posted in drugs, materia medica, and therapeu- tics; writes for various periodicals; and is a veterinary bio- chemic. He is a member of the Baptist Church, unmarried, and resides at Jeffersonville. MRS. JULIETTE FERGUSON WILLIAMS Juliette Emma Ferguson was born at Mt. Vernon, lUinois, September 18, 1863, and died at the same place, February 1 8, 1890. After attending the public schools, she became a student in McKendree and a Clio. She graduated in 1883, with the degree of B. S. She was married at Mt. Vernon, January 18, 1886, to Mr. J. Hill Williams. The ceremony was performed by Dr. Swahlen, who was then President of McKendree. Her death occurred only four years later and she left no children. She was a member of the Methodist Church. MRS. lONA ECKERT NUNNELLV lona May Eckert was born at Lebanon, Illinois, February 15, 1863. Her death occurred in Kay County, Oklahoma, December 20, 1894. She was buried at Arkansas City, Kansas. Her parents were John H. and Fannie H. (Sager) Eckert, who were both Americans of German lineage. She entered Mc- Kendree in 1878 and graduated in June, 1883, receiving the degree of B. S. She also completed a course in Elocution. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was also a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and of the Select Friends. She was married December 24, 1883, to George R. Nunnelly. To them was born one daughter, Ethel Estell. MRS. EUNICE FIELD MARLATT Eunice Lydia Field was born in 1861. Her father, James A. Field, was a native of Ohio, but for many years was a prominent business man in St. Louis and a member of the McKendree Board of Trustees. Eunice graduated from Mc- Kendree m the class of 1883, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of Clio. In April, 1884, she was married to Rev. J. P. Marlatt, of the Puget Sound Conference. They have SIX children: Edith L., the wife of Rev. Harry L. Aller, a missionary in South America; Adin E.; Leola J.; Elmer M.; Lydia A.; and Joseph Paul, Jr. Mrs. Marlatt was for several years District President of the Woman ' s Foreign Missionary Society for the Seattle District. MRS. FANNIE GLASGOW LYNCH Fannie Primm Glasgow was born near Belleville, Illinois, November 24, 1863. Her father was James Nathaniel Glas- gow, of Scottish descent, whose father moved from Kentucky to Illinois in 1824 and pre-empted the farm on which James N. and, a generation later, his children were born. Her mother was Lydia Margaret Primm, descended from Alex- ander De La Pryme, a French gentleman who was granted a patent of nobility by the Roman Pontiff for meritorious services under Philip of Alsace in the second crusade. Fannie P. Glasgow entered McKendree College in September, 1879, and graduated June 14, 1883, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. For the next five years after her graduation she was in turn school teacher, book-keeper, and milliner. Then on July 11, 1888 she was married to Mr. William F. Lynch. To them were born two daughters, Edith Lucile, and Inez Dena. Besides her work as housekeeper, she has been prominent in the work of the local Methodist Episcopal Church of Welling ' ton, Kansas, where she lived with her family for nearly thirty years. She was a member of the official board for twenty-five years, and superintendent of the primary department in the Sunday School for twelve years. For many years she was Conference President of the Woman ' s Home Missionary So- ciety of the Southwest Kansas Conference. In September, 1912, the family moved to Winfield, Kansas, that the two daughters might attend the Southwestern College. Their mother is as busy as ever in church and Sunday School work; the C. L. S. C; and the work so dear to her heart, that of the Woman ' s Home Missionary Society. Six times she has attended the national meeting of this organization. SEYMOUR H. HARMON Seymour Heins Harmon was born at Palmyra, Pennsyl- vania, November 14, 1864. After spending three and a half years in McKendree, he graduated in the class of 1883, re- ceiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosoph- lan Literary Society. He was inclined to the profession of law, but finally turned to other pursuits and has been for many years employed as a postal clerk in St. Louis. At the time of his graduation, he was a Democrat in politics. REV. JOHN D. HENNESSEY John Dollahan Hennessey was born near Evansville, Indi- ana, in 1857. He is of Scotch-Irish descent. He entered Mc- Kendree in 1879 and graduated in 1883, receiving the degree of A. B. In 1886, he received his A. M., and in 1896, after completing a post graduate course, he was granted the degree of Ph D. from McKendree. He was a member of Plato. He joined the Southern Illinois Conference in 1884 and was an effective minister of the gospel in this field for twenty years. He then transferred to the Illinois Conference and served ten years in that field, retiring in 1914. He now hves at Danville. He was married November 20, 1884, to Miss Ella May Peeples, of Summerfield. They have three sons, Clark H., Bert K., and W. Paul. GEORGE W. LITTICK George Winfield Littick was born at Taylorville, Illinois, in the year 1861. He is a son of Marcus A. and Mary Littick, who were both native Americans. He entered McKendree m the fall of 1879 and graduated in 1883, with the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He was married in 1892, to Miss Katherine D. Lewis. Mr. Lit- Two Hundred and EighlySi MC KENDREE tick has made the practice of law his Hte work, and is now a successful lawyer in Kansas City, Kansas. He is a Christian Scientist, and believes in prohibition and progress, and a chanty that will establish forever the brotherhood of man. WILLARD P. SEARS Willard Prentice Sears was born at Godfrey, Illinois, No vember 4, 1859. His father was Rev. Hiram Sears, who was long a member of the Southern Illinois Conference, and served for years as financial agent for McKendree College. He entered McKendree in 1878 and joined the Philosophian Society. After taking a good part of the Literary Course, he turned to the Law, and graduated from McKendree ' s Law Department in 1883, receiving the degree of LL. B. He did not find the work of the law congenial to his tastes, so he found other employment in the city of St. Louis tor some years. Afterward he was in the employ of the Street Railway Company of Cleveland, Ohio, for some years. He died in September, 1927, and was buried at Vandalia, Illinois, which had been one ot his boyhood homes. REV. DR. WILLIAM H. PIERCE William Halford Pierce was born at Equality, Illinois, No- vember 12, 1862. He is the second son of Rev. Dr. Benjamin R. Pierce, who was for fifty years a member of the Southern Illinois Conference. His mother was Elizabeth (Church) Pierce, and both his parents were of the old Puritan stock. He entered McKendree in 1879 and graduated in 1883, re- ceiving the degree of A. B. He was the valedictorian of his class. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. In 1886 he received from his Alma Mater the degree of A. M., and in 1905, that of Doctor of Divinity. In 1887, he graduated from Garrett Biblical Institute, receiving the de- gree of B. D. He was married October 16, 1888, to Miss Gertrude Johnson, of Wauconda, lUinois. To them were born four daughters: lola, Wilma, Gertrude, and Gladys. His second marriage was to Miss Luella E. Morris, of Piano, Illinois. To this union were born three children: Morris, Muriel, and Halford. Dr. Pierce became a member of the Southern Illinois Conference in 1883, and some years after transferred to the Rock River Conference, of which he is now a member, though he spent three years of his ministry in the west, and in Evanston, Wyoming, had the strange experience of being pastor of both a Methodist and a Pres- byterian Church at the same time. He organized an Institu- tional Church in Chicago and built the first Parish House in that city under the auspices of the Methodist Church. He was pastor of Embury Methodist Episcopal Church in Freeport, Illinois, and led m building a $7=1,000.00 church edifice in that city. He is a member of the Albert Pike Com- mandery of the Masonic Order. JABEZ H. POSEY Jabez Hix Posey was born in Clinton County, Illinois, June 18, 1 86 1. He was the seventh child and second son of Rev. Bennett M. and Celui Ann (Watts) Posey. His father was a pioneer farmer of Clinton County and a local preacher in the Methodist Church. Both his parents were natives of Illinois, while the ancestors of both of them came to Illinois from Georgia. He entered McKendree in 1879 and graduated in 1883, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He secured a first grade teach- er ' s certificate and taught in the public schools of Clinton County for three years, spending the vacations studying law with Judge Watts, of Nashville, Illinois. Faihng health com- pelled him to abandon this line of work. He spent some months m Texas, and then m Colorado, seeking to recover his health, but without avail. He eventually became a vic- tim of tuberculosis, his death occurring at his father ' s home February 19, 1888. In religion he was a Methodist; m pol- itics a Republican; and belonged to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He was a close student; delighted in good books; and was a favorite socially wherever he was known. DR. WILLIAM A. STOKER William Allen Stoker was born at Centralia, Illinois, Au- gust 18, 1864. He IS a son of Judge William and Mrs. Martha Stoker, who were both native Americans. After finishing the public schools, he entered McKendree College and grad- uated in the class of 1883, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. After leav- ing McKendree, he took a Medical Course in the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, where he received the degree of M. D. in 188-;. He has practiced medicine con- tinuously since that time —the greater part of the time in his native town of Centralia. However, during this period, under appointment of the Governor of the state, he spent two years as physician of the Chester Penitentiary; four years as Physician in the State Hospital for the Insane at Anna; and for three years he held a similar position at Evansville, Indiana. Since 1921, he has been Superintendent of the State Hospital at Kankakee. He was married m 1890, to Miss Lillian B. Tucker, of Denver, Colorado. They have one daughter, Anna E., and one son, Eugene T. Stoker. Dr. Stoker is a thirty-second degree Mason. JOSHUA WILSON Joshua Wilson was born April i, i860, at Columbia, Illinois. He entered McKendree in 1879 and graduated in Two Hundred and Eighty-Seven : B s the class of 1883, receivii-(g the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He chose the law as his profession, bufrhas also followed other lines. He has spent the most of his hfe in his native city. He is a Dem- ocrat in politics. JULIUS POSTEL Closely associated with the development of the immense Postel Mills in Mascoutah, during the past fifty years, are the names of the three brothers : Philip, George, and Julius Postel, the sons of Philip Henry Postel, the founder and original pwne jf this great industry. It is the purpose of this article t .utUne, briefly, the life of the youngest of these three brothers, Julius Postel. A short biography of his father, of his brother, George, and of his nephew, Philip Postel, will be found in another article with- in this volume, under the title, Philip H. Postel. Julius Postel was bom in Mascoutah, the city in which he has spent practically all his life, and toward whose wel- fare and material development he has greatly contributed, on November 29th, 1862. Like his brothers, he secured about the best education his time afforded, first in the pub- lic schools of his home city, and later, in McKendree College and in the University of Illinois. And like his brothers, also, he brought this fine educational equipment into the milling business, and made it practical in its application to the growth and success of this industry. He began his work in the office of the Milling Company, and was here but a few years before he was made the secretary and treasurer of the company in 1890. On Dec. 7th, three years previous to this time, he was married to Miss A malia Postel, the daughter of John Ph. Postel. To them were born three children: Allen J., on Sept. 21st, 1889; Mertie Amalia, on June iith, 1891; Urban S., on Feb. 28th, 1895. All were given the advantages of a good education, being graduates of the Uni- versity of Illinois. The two sons have married, but the daugh- ter has remained single. She graduated from the University of Illinois in 191 4, and since that time has pursued post graduate studies in that institution. In January, 1921, Allen, the older son, was married to Alma Hucke, of Mascoutah, and on the same day. Urban was married to Miss Erna Hucke. After holding, for a number of years, the position of secretary and treasurer of the Milling Company, Mr. Postel was chosen to be the president of the company, which posi- tion he held until 1921, when he resigned, and his nephew, Philip Postel, was placed in this position. In this same year, Julius Postel retired from active participation in the busi- ness, but was still interested in the company, and was re- tained as one of the directors of the firm. About two years after retiring from milling, he ' organized the State Bank of Marissa, and in July, 192J, became the president of this bank, which position he still retains. He is actively directing the affairs of the bank, and spends most of his time there. Julius Postel inherited from his father a rare business ability, and has met with success in his business under- takings. For a time he was a member of the Stock Exchange, and demonstrated here a keen knowledge of its manipula- tions. Besides his holdings of a large portion of the shares in the Postel Mills, he is the owner of a considerable amount of bank and insurance stocks, as well as of real estate in various parts of the country. He has been the Mayor of his city, and served on the Mascoutah School Board for four terms. He has a first hand knowledge of the lands and peoples of many parts of the world, for he has travelled extensively. He has always been interested in our great national sport; his choice diversion has been the witnessing of a good base- ball game In religious belief and practice he is a Methodist. To the Postels of Mascoutah belong a great deal of credit for the growth and prosperity of this progressive little city Their mills have, for years, been classed among the greatest in the county. They have a capacity for turning out more than six hundred barrels of flour per day, and their brands are known to be among the highest grades in the country. Practically all of the wheat raised in the eastern part of St. Clair County is ground in the Postel Mills, and this is only about half the amount which the mills use. These men have been primarily millers of the highest type; they thoroughly learned the milling business, mastered the details in con- nection with the production of wheat products, and have kept up to date in their equipment and manufacturing processes. Our subject, Julius Postel, owns one of the most spacious residences to be seen in this part of the county. His brothers also live in beautiful homes, which are pointed out with pride by the loyal citizens of Mascoutah. Two Hundred and Eighty-Eight CHAPTER XXIII. President Swahlens Administration y w ' lLLiAM Fletcher Swahlen was horn April 19, 1839, ill at Wheeling, West Virginia. He came of one of the old German Methodist families where worship was strictly observed and duty took precedence over pleasure. He received a thorough educa- tion which involved much ' cheerful sacritjc ©in the p- n of his parents. He receiv - ' - ' A. B. degree from the Un. f sity of Pennsylvania, in i! In the fall of the same year he came to McKendree as Assistant Professor in the Department of Greek and German. His term of service DR. W. F, SWAHLEN m McKendree began at the same time with that of Dr. AUyn. After four years he was made head of the Depart- ment of Greek and German. In 1S66 McKendree gave him the degree of A. M., and in 1S77, he received the degree of Ph. D. from the Iowa Wesleyan University. He was m continuous service in McKendree ' s faculty for twenty-three years. Aside from his regular duties, he served as Librarian a number of years, and for a long time was Secretary of the Joint Board of Trustees and Visitors. He was also active m the work of the local church. He was licensed as a local preacher, tho never joined the conference or served as pastor. He had musical training as well as literary. He was a good pianist and worked in close harmony with Professor Pesold in building up the Music Department of McKendree. He occasionally supplied pulpits, delivered special addresses, and conducted funerals. Even after he had gone to teach at DePauw, he was occasionally called back to Lebanon or vicinity to conduct the funeral of some former McKendrean. The story is told that he went to preach one Sunday morn- ing in one of the prominent churches of the Southern Illinois Conference. The pastor was away. That was why Dr. Swah- len was there. It so happened that the organist was absent also. He announced the opening hymn. There was no one at the organ to play. He read it thru. Still no one appeared. Dr. Swahle n immediately stepped to the organ, and in his usual efficient way, played the hymn and led the congre- gation in the singing. He then preached a fine sermon and the people went home impressed with the versatility and capability of the preacher of the day. A few days later. Dr. Swahlen received a letter from a lady who was a member of that church, which closed with these lines: You can preach and you can pray, You can sing and you can play; Now if you could only pay , We would want you for our pastor hen he first came to Lebanon, it was a case of immigra- -on. He made it his permanent home. After ten years of earnest and efficient work had established his character and reputation m the community, he married Caroline V. Hypes, one of the daughters of Uncle Ben Hypes, the old time friend of the college. And thus he became a member of one of the best families in Lebanon. Their marriage occurred in June, 1873. Their three children are: Mrs. Blanche Allen, of Greencastle, Indiana; Dr. Percy Swahlen, of St. Louis; and the youngest, Benjamin. In 1883 Dr. Swahlen was elected President of McKendree, and continued in the position three years. He signed the diplomas of three graduating classes, aggregating forty mem ' hers. Sketches of them will follow. He had several handicaps m the administration of that difficult office. He had been chosen from the members of the fiiculty with whom he had been associated for years m the same great task. Naturally there may have been some jealousy on the part of other teachers. Then, too, this was a period of general decline in the affairs of the college. The debts were increasing and the students were growing fewer. This condition of affairs con- tinued for several years longer before the turning point came. In 1886, Dr. Swahlen declined a re-election and, a year later, secured a position as Professor of Greek in De Pauw University, at Greencastle, Indiana. He remained in that institution until the time of his death, which occurred in 191 5. The body was brought back to Lebanon, a funeral was held in the Methodist Church, and he was buried in College Hill Cemetery. His widow still lives in Greencastle. DR. PERCY H. SWAHLEN Dr. Percy H. Swahlen, the second of the children named above, is now a prominent physician in St. Louis, with offices at the Metropolitan Building. He was born at Lebanon, Illi- nois, June 4, 1877, and received his early education in the Lebanon public schools. His secondary and college education was received at De Pauw University, Greencastle, Indiana, Two Hundred and Eighty?{ine MC KEN REE g ;: s:g where his father was Professor of Greek. His professional education was secured at the Marion Simms-Beaumont Col- lege of Medicine, which is now the Medical Department of St. Louis University. He then spent two years as an interne at the St. Louis City Hospital. In 1905 he went to Europe and spent somewhat more than two years in special studies in obstetrics and gynecology. So that he became master of whatever knowledge of these subjects could be obtained in the best universities in the world. Doubtless his uncle, Dr. B. M. Hypes, was his great inspiration in these unusual educational achievements. He also had specialized in the same field and was a member of the faculty in the medic. iL college where the nephew was a student. He had this young student in his own home and helped him not only by advice and inspiration, but also financially to whatever extent was necessary to enable him to get the best medical training the world afforded. After Dr. Swahlen ' s return from Europe, he became Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology in St. Louis University, which position he still holds. He is also obstetrician at St. Anne ' s Maternity Hospital, and gyn- ecologist at St. John ' s and St. Louis City Hospital, and Mount St. Rose Hospital. Dr. Swahlen is a leader in his field, and is so fully absorbed in his professional work that he gives very little time to social or club life. He is not married. After the death of Dr. Hypes, Dr. Swahlen was elected in his place on McKendree ' s Board of Trustees. THE CLASS OF 1SS4 ALBERT L. BERGER Albert Lincoln Berger was born in Lebanon, Illinois, Feb- ruary 2, 1865. His father was Dr. Adolph Berger, a native of Manheim, Germany, and his mother was Cecelia Adams, a daughter of Captain Lyman Adams, who was a near relative of John Quincy Adams, and for one year the pro- prietor of the Mermaid Hotel, where Charles Dickens was once entertained when he visited Lebanon. Mr. Berger graduated from McKendree in 1884, receiving the degree of A. B., and in 1886 he graduated from the St. Louis Law School with the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married November 10, 1887, to Miss Estella Hecker, a granddaughter of Colonel Fred Hecker, of Summerfield. She also was a student in Mc- Kendree for several years. Their children were Homer Hecker Berger, who graduated at the University of Kansas and the Harvard Law School; and Cecelia Berger, who died in 1910, at the age of sixteen. Mr. Berger located in Kansas City, Kansas, where he has been engaged in the practice of law ever since. He is a public spirited citizen and a Republican m politics. He h.is . ' served as County Auditor, and director of the Exchange State Bank, as well as director of a number of other important corporations. He has served as legal counselor for a number of important organizations in the course of his extensive law practice. ELMER BISHOP Elmer Bishop was born near Mascoutah. Illinois, in the year 1862. He is the younger son of George and Malvina Bishop, both now deceased. He grew up at Mascoutah, and «in due, course entered McKendree, where he took the Law Course and graduated in 1884, receiving the degree of LL. B. as a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He vS- .named in 1890, to Miss Anna Holmes, of Duquoin, Illinois. They have two sons — Raymond and Elmer. Mr. Bishop located in Chicago after his graduation, where he engaged in the practice of law for a period of fifteen years. He IS now employed as a travelling salesman, with his ter- ritory m the west. He is a member of the Masonic Fra- ternity. DR. EDWARD W. BURRL ' SS Edward W. Burruss was born June 14, 1S64, at Carrollton, Illinois. His parents, George L. and Mariah (Wood) Burruss, were natives of Kentucky. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1882, and after completing the Scientific Course, graduated in the class of 1884, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Lit- erary Society. After leaving McKendree, he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons in St. Louis, from which he graduated in 1886, receiving the degree of M. D. Since then, he has been engaged in the practice of medicine. He was located for many years at Holly Grove, Arkansas, where he also held the office of postmaster for twelve years. He was for some time United States Pension Examining Surgeon, at Helena, Arkansas. In 1910, he moved to Den- ver, Colorado, where he is now engaged in the practice of medicine, and is a member of the Denver City and County Medical Society. He was married June 2, 1891, to Johnetta J. Hodge. They have four children — Helen H., Nellie H., Edward W., and Mary. Dr. Burruss is a member of the Congregational Church. MRS. IDA CAPEN FLEMING Ida M.iy Capen was born at Alton, Illinois, July 19, i86j. Her father, Alonzo Capen, was born m Massachu- setts, and her mother, Phebe Capen, in New York State. She entered McKendree in the fall of 1877 and received the degree of A. B. in June, 1884. Three years later she was granted the degree of A. M. She has done graduate Two Hundred and , mctv work in the University ot Chicago. In McKendree, she was a Clio. She was married January ii, i88S, to Samuel G. Fleming. They have one son, Capen A. Fleming. In her case, marriage was not a bar to a professional career. She taught several years as grade teacher in the schools of Mas- coutah and Lebanon, Illinois. From 1896 to 1905, she was employed in school work at El Dorado, Kansas — first as Assistant Principal, then Principal of the high school; then as Superintendent of City Schools; then as Assistant m Brumback Academy. In 1905 she was elected to the Chair of Latin and Greek in the Southwestern College, at Win- tield, Kansas. After one year, a readjustment was made, and she was assigned to the Chair of Greek and French. She was Dean of Women and Secretary of the Faculty of the Southwestern College for many years. She is a member of Grace Methodist Church in Winfield. REV. NATHANIEL C. CHILDS Nathaniel C. Childs was born at Chester, Illinois, March 13, 185 S. While employed in the Internal Revenue service at Lebanon, he entered McKendree as a student in 1883, and finished the Law Course in 1884, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. Before coming to McKendree, he had taught school several years, and published the Coulterville Headlight. Fol- lowing his graduation, he practiced law and edited the Coul- terville Republican at that place until 1891. After the death of his first wife, he decided to enter the ministry. Accor- dingly, in October, 1891, he entered the Theological Sem- inary of the United Presbyterian Church, at Xenia, Ohio, from which he graduated m 1894. Then for a term of five years, he was pastor of a United Presbyterian Church near Sparta, Illinois; then for eight years at Paxton, Illinois; then for three years at Fairfield, Iowa. He then came to Pinckneyville, Illinois, in 1910, to serve as pastor. On his first charge, he built a new parsonage, and in each of the next two, he built a new church. He does much evangelistic work outside of his own charge; and occasionally occupies the lecture platform. He has been Clerk and Moderator of the Presbytery, and Moderator of the Synod of Illinois. He was married first to Miss Maggie McMillan, June 4, 1890. She died the following year, leaving a daughter, Alice May, who IS now a high school teacher at Piper City, Illinois. His second marriage was to Emma R. Bliss, December 2, 1896. Of this union, there are two daughters — Florence E. and Hazel M. MRS. SADIE DENEEN DICKSON Sadie Alice Deneen was born in Lebanon, Illinois, August 24, 1865. She is a daughter of Professor Samuel H. and Mary F. (Ashley) Deneen. She grew up in the town of Lebanon and received her education in McKendree College where her father was Professor of Latin for thirty years. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society and was active in the work of the society. She graduated from McKendree in 1884, receiving at that time the degree of A. B,, and some time afterward, the degree of A. M. On June 12, 1889, she was married to Frederick J. Dickson, whose father was a member of the Southern Illinois Conference. Mr. and Mrs. Dickson were both reared as Methodists and were actively connected with the work ot the church from child- hood. For many ye.irs they lived m New York City, where Mr. Dickson was connected with the New York Life In- surance Company. For some years past Mr. Dickson has served as bank examiner for the State of Illinois, and so the family now resides m Evanston. They have two daugh- ters and one son. MRS. ETTA HERDMAN DOUD Etta Herdman was born at Mt. Vernon, Illinois, Septem ber 26, 1864. She is the daughter of William H. Herdman who was born in Noblestown, Pennsylvania, and Mary A, (Kirby) Herdman, who was a native of Louisville, Kentucky, After receiving her preliminary education in Mt. Vernon, Miss Herdman became a student in McKendree in Septem ber, 1882, and graduated in June, 1884, receiving the de- gree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. After her graduation, she taught a year in the Bethany School near Godfrey, Illinois, and a year in the Mt. Vernon public schools. In 1886 she was married to Mr. M. F. Doud. For many years, their residence has been in St. Louis. They have three daughters — Grace, Margery, and Virginia. Mrs. Doud is a member of the Church of the Ascension, Episcopal, at Cates and Goodfellow Ave- nues, St. Louis. JACOB P. HIRSCHLER Jacob Peter Hirschler was born January 30, 1856, in Lee County, Iowa, though at the time he was a student in Mc- Kendree, his home was at Summerfield, Illinois. His father was a farmer. He took the Law Course, and received the degree of LL. B. He w.is married in July, 1884, to Miss Eda Burke. We have no recent information concerning him. HENRY W. LOUIS Henry William Louis was born in Columbus, Ohio, Au- gust 23, i860. His father, William Louis, was born and reared near Bingen on the Rhine, and his mother, Eliza- beth Wentzel, at Giesin, Germany. When he was eight years of age, his parents moved to Illinois and settled near Two Hundred and ? inetyOn Newton, in Jasper County. He secured what education could be obtained in the country schools and taught until he had saved enough money to enter McKendree College in 1882. He never completed the regular college course, but graduated from the Law Department in 1884, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Jane Virgin, June 3, 1885. Of their three children, only two are living — Elizabeth Beatrice and Howard Ellis. Henry William, Jr. died in infancy. After his graduation, Mr. Louis became Principal of the O ' Fallon public school, which position he held until 1890, when he entered the employ of the Amer- ican Book Company. He is now the general representative of that company for the state of Tennessee. His residence is at Jackson, Tennessee. He is a Knight Templar and a thirty-third degree Scottish Rite Mason, an Odd Fellow, an Elk, and belongs to several of the leading fraternal bene- fit associations. JUDGE ROBERT J. McELVAlN Robert J. McElvain was born at Duquoin, Illinois, March 20, 1849. His father was of Scotch-Irish descent, and his mother was a native of North Carolina. He entered Mc- Kendree in the fall of 1883 and graduated in June, 1884, with the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Philo Society. He was married in January, 1874, and has one son. He has made the profession of law his chief business ever since he was admitted to the bar. He was States Attorney of Jackson County, for four years and County Judge for eight years. He has served one term in the lower house of the lUinois Legislature, and four terms as State Senator. He is a member of the Christian Church, the Elks, and the Knights of Pythias, of which last he was Grand Chancellor in 1900. WILLIAM W. McKEE William Wmthrop McKee was born January 16, 1863, at Bunker Hill, Illinois. He was a son of William W. and Mary (Snedeker) McKee. His father was a teacher. He was in McKendree for four full years and completed the Classical Course, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a Plato, a Republican, and a Methodist. He intended to make the law his profession, but planned to spend a few years in teaching first. He was one year Adjunct Professor of English in McKendree. His promising career was cut short by an early death only a few years after his graduation. DR. HOSEA H. MOORE Hosea Hartwell Moore was born in Washington County, Illinois, November 18, 1842. He graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Michigan in iS6i. He then practiced medicine for a number of years in Washington County. He then moved to Lebanon, and although he was a middle aged man with a family, enrolled as a student in McKendree. After completing the Scientific Course, he grad- uated in 1884, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. The greater part of the time since then, he has been located at Fairfield, Illinois, having a number of other interests in addi- tion to his medical practice. He was a director of the First National Bank of Fairfield. He owned a large farm in Wayne ' County, where he put into effect some advanced ideas in agriculture and stock raising. In i8qo he was elected to the Illinois Legislature on the F. M. B. A. ticket, and was one of the three members of the Farmer ' s Mutual Benefit Asso- ciation who held the balance of power in the Legislature during the famous deadlock which resulted in the elec- tion of General John M. Palmer to the United States Senate. He was married in 1865 to Miss Ellen Walker, of Wash- ington County. Three of their children are living — Mrs. Mary E. Moats and William E. Moore, of Fairfield, and Dalton P. Moore, editor of the Olney Times, of Olney, Illinois. Dr. Moore died at his home in Fairfield, January 7, 191 3, and his funeral was conducted by the Masonic Order, of which he had been Worshipful Master for many years. JAMES F. TRIBBLE James F. Tribble was born in Ray County, Missouri, Aug. 4, 1858. His parents were English. He became a stu- dent in McKendree College in 1882 and graduated in 1884, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was twice married — in 1881 and in 1901. The children of the first marriage are Maud, Herbert, and Joe; of the second, Foster and Mary. He was for twenty-five years principal of the school at Batchtown, Illinois, but resigned in 1908 to become cashier of the Ban k of Richwoods, at Batchtown. He is a member of the Methodist Church, the Masonic Lodge, the Modern Woodmen of America, and the Mutual Protective League. THOMAS H. TUTTLE Thomas Henry Tattle was born May 10, 18 ' ; ' ;, in Jeffer- son County, Illinois. At the time he was m McKendree, his home was at Ashley. He took a law course and received the degree of LL. B. He was a Plato, a Republican, and a Methodist. After graduation, he went west and began the practice of law m Chanute, Kansas. We have no recent in- formation concerning him. Two Hundred and metyTu DANIEL Z VERNOR Daniel Zenas Vernor was born at Nashville, Illinois, Feb- ruary 14, 1864. His parents were Daniel H. and Jane L. (Mitchell) Vernor, who both died while their son was still in his youth. He became a student m McKendree in Sep- tember, 1880, and graduated m 1884, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He was married December 25, 1888 He has been m business for many years in Olney, Illinois. He was vice-president of the Illinois State Sunday School Association for four years, and president of that body one year. He is an Elder in the Presbyterian Church at Ol- ney, Illinois. While at McKendree. he was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. THE CLASS OF 1SS5 THOMAS N. CAMP Thomas Nathaniel Camp was born near Troy, Illinois, March II, 1859. He was a son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Johnson) Camp, who were both native Americans, of Eng- lish ancestry. His mother died only three days after his birth, and his father when he was only three years old. His home during the years of his youth was with his maternal grand- mother, Mrs. Eleanora Johnson, who with her son and daugh- ter, William and Amanda Johnson , moved to Lebanon about the year 1865, in order to be within reach of good educa- tional advantages. He entered McKendree in 1881 and grad- uated m 1885, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He taught in the public schools for a year after his graduation, and then secured a position as reporter for the St. Louis Republic. He was afterward employed in the same capacity by the St. Louis Chronicle and other journals in the same city. According to the testimony of a prominent newspaper man of St. Louis, he became an expert in his chosen line of work. He retired from newspaper work in 1899. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. In 1888 he was united m marriage to Mary A. Brand, of Summerfield. They have four children: Walter M., Martha E., Estella A., and Elea- nora L. Camp. The last is a graduate of McKendree. WILLIAM J. CLUCAS William John Clucas was born on the Isle of Man, south of England, March 10, i8j8. He came to America with his parents at the age of ten, and lived for a time in St. Louis. A few years later he came to Lebanon, which place was his home for the remainder of his life. He was married to Mary Scott. To them were born two sons and three daughters, of whom all except one were students at McKendree. After passing middle life, he entered the Law Department of Mc- Kendree and received the degree of LL. B. m 188 ' ;. He has held the offices of Justice of the Peace, City Attorney, and Postmaster of Lebanon. He was a member of the I. O. O. F. and was prominent in lodge work. He died at Lebanon, April 21, 1899. CHAS. F DEW Charles Frank Dew w.is born in Kansas City, Missouri, March 20, 1866. He is a son of H. B. and Sarah E. Dew, who were of English ancestry. He entered McKendree in 1883 and graduated in 1885, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He was a member of the Platonian Society. After his graduation, he spent a number of years in educa- tional work, having taught in Illinois, Missouri, and Minn ' esota. He occupied the position of superintendent in several places. He then studied law and was admitted to the bar in 189J. He has for a number of years past been practicing law in Centralia, Illinois. He has been three times elected to the office of City Attorney in that city. He was married No- vember 25, 1908, to Miss Hattie Porter. He belongs to the Masonic Fraternity, and to the Modern Woodmen. REV. LOUIS M. FLOCKEN Louis Michael Flocken was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, April II, 1861. He entered McKendree in 1879, and com- pleted the course in iSS ;, receiving the degree of A. B., and three years later, A. M. He entered Boston University School of Theology in 1886, graduated in 1889 with the de- gree of S. T. B. While in McKendree, he was a member of Plato. He was married to Miss Myrtie Anna Carter, of New- ton, Illinois, September 9, 1885. Their two sons are Louis Car- ter and Robert Hinckley. They are both graduates of the Wesleyan University. Mr. Flocken has been at work contin- uously in the work of the pastorate in the New England Con- ference. In 1904 he enjoyed an extensive trip abroad as a delegate to the World ' s Sunday School Convention, at Jeru- salem. The itinerary included the Madiera Islands, Gibraltar, Algiers, Malta, Athens, Constantinople, Smyrna, Ephesus, Damascus, Palestine, Egypt, Naples, Rome, Venice, Flor- ence, Mila n, Switzerland, Paris, London, etc. He has given many illustrated lectures on his travels. He has also written numerous magazine articles on religious and philosophical subjects, such as The Place of Philosophy in Bible Study and The Influence of Greek Philosophy on the Formation of Christian Doctrine. GEORGE E. LEHMAN George Ethan Lehman was born in Lebanon, Illinois, May 28, 1864. He is the son of John H. and Mary (Burton) Leh- man. His mother is still living at her home in Lebanon. Two Hiuiiired and j inet_v-Tliree MC KENDREE s: - g ,r After finishing the pubhc schools, he entered McKendree and graduated in 1885, with the degree of B. S. He was an active member of the Philosophian Literary Society. For a number of years he taught school, and then went into busi- ness as a retail merchant in St. Louis. In 1896 he organized the St. Louis Delivery Company and operated this hne until 1904, when he went into business as a building contractor. He followed this till 1909, when he went into the hardware business, in which he is still engaged. He was married July 14, 1887, to Miss Sallie Whittaker, a St. Clair County girl. They have two daughters, Ruth A. and Marie L. The latter is now Mrs. Walter L Moon. She lives in St. Louis, and Mr. Moon assists his father-in-law in the hardware business. The family are all Methodists and attend the Waggoner Memorial Church in St. Louis. Mr. Lehman belongs to the Retail Hardware Dealers Association of St. Louis. Besides his business property, he owns a splendid residence in St. Louis. ROBERT C. NOLEMAN Robert Casey Noleman was born at Centralia, Illinois, November 12, 1861. His parents, Edward S. and Mary (Casey) Noleman, were early pioneers of Illinois. He entered McKendree in 1880 and graduated in 1885, receiving the degrees of B. S. and LL. B. He was a member of Philo. After his graduation, he went to Nebraska and practiced law for twenty years, a part of which time he held the office of County Attorney. He then went to California, and for a number of years maintained a law office in Los Angeles. He later returned to his native city, Centralia, where he prac- ticed law until his retirement from active business only a short time ago. He was married in 1888, to Miss Julia Hickey. They have four sons and one daughter. Mr. Nole- man is a member of the Masons, the Odd Fellows, and the Elks. HORACE N. McKEE Horace Napoleon McKee graduated in 1885, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, that of A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Society. Some time after his grad- uation, he went to Chicago and engaged in the real estate business. We have no recent information concerning him. EDDY RANSOM Eddy Ransom was born at Spring Garden, Illinois, No- vember 29, 1864. He was a son of Rev. Albert and Catherine Ransom, who were both native Americans, but of Scotch ancestry. His father was a member of the Southern Illinois Conference. He became a student in McKendree in 1883 and graduated in 1885, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was gifted m music and made that his principal occupation for some years. He traveled for a time with a theatrical troup, was married, had one child, and in 1892 mysteriously disappeared. His relatives have not heard from him, nor have they been able to secure any trace of his whereabouts since that time. REV. ARTHUR P. SHARP Arthur Page Sharp was born at Meridan, Warwickshire, England, March 26, 1858. He is a son of Henry and Eliza Sharp, who are of English nationality. He came to America in his eighteenth year and settled in Mt. Carmel, Illinois. He entered McKendree College in September, 1881, and graduated in 1885 with the degree of A. B. Three years later he received the degree of A. M. He graduated from Boston University School of Theology in 1888 with the degree of S. T. B. He was Jacob Sleeper Fellow at Halle an der Salle, Germany, in 1895-1896. He graduated D. D. (cum laude) from the Chicago Seminar of Sciences in 1906. While in McKendree, he was a member of the Platonian Society. He was married June 30, 1887, to May Louise Harris, daugh- ter of Rev. Joseph Harris, who was many years professor of Mathematics at McKendree College. They have four children: Harold Harris, Marjorie May, Otto Page, and Arthur Norman. He joined the New England Conference in 1888 and has served eight pastoral charges, and was Superintendent of the Lynn District. He retired several years ago, and his death occurred in September, 1927. ETHAN F. STAATS Ethen Freeman Staats was born m West Virginia, August 22, 1857. His father, Lewis Staats, was a farmer near Sumner, Illinois. He entered McKendree in 1878 and completed the course and graduated in 1885, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of Philo. He entered the ministry for a while, but not finding the work of a Methodist preacher congenial, he studied medicine, and has followed that pro- fession during his active life, at Beman, Missouri. WILLIAM O. THOMPSON William Owen Thompson was born May 8, 1865, ' Johnson County, Illinois. He is a son of Rev. F. L. Thomp- son, who was for many years a prominent member of the Southern Illinois Conference. He graduated from McKen- dree in the class of 1885, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was a Methodist and a Republican. He followed various occupa- tions after his graduation. He was for a time a druggist; he was in the business of photography in Alton, Illinois; and was engaged in the publishing business in Chicago. He was Two Hundred and ?{,mety-Fi MC KENDREE married to Miss Minnie Hendrickson, of Lebanon. They have one son, Charles O. Thompson, who is a dentist in St. Louis. MRS. ELIZABETH VIRGIN LOUIS Elizabeth Jane Virgin was born near St. Jacob, Illinois, May 12, 1863. She was reared on a farm, attended the pub- lic schools, and then entered McKendree in the fall of 1882. She graduated in the class of 1885, receiving the degree of B. S. She also received a diploma in Elocution. She was a member of Clio. She was married June j, 1885, to Henry W. Louis, of the class of 1884. They have two children living — Elizabeth Beatrice and Howard Ellis. She is a mem- ber of the First Baptist Church in Jackson, Tennessee, where they have lived for many years. She is also an active member of the Order of the Eastern Star. THE CLASS OF 18S6 CHARLES U. ARMSTRONG Charles Union Armstrong was born near Piasa, Macoupin County, Illinois, Feb. 27, 1864. His parents, Louis P. and Mary Allen Armstrong, born respectively in Pennsylvania and Delaware, were of English descent. After spending his youth on the farm and attending the public schools, he entered McKendree m the fall of 1881. He graduated in 1886 with the degree B. S., and two years later, received the degree LL. B. He was an active Philo during his college years. He was married December 3, 1896, to Miss Mary E. ChaiEn. They have two children, a son and a daughter. Mr. Armstrong has been practicing law almost ever since his graduation, and is a prominent member of the profession at Santa Maria, California, where he now resides. He is a member of both the Odd Fellow and Masonic Fraternities. CHARLES L. BROWN Charles Lincoln Brown was born on a flirm near Lebanon, Illinois, July 25, 1865. He is a son of Luther and Caroline E. Brown. He was educated in the public schools of Lebanon and then entered McKendree, and after finishing the Scien- tific Course, he graduated in 1886, receiving the degree of B. S., and later, M. S. He immediately entered McKendree ' s Law Department and graduated from it in 1888. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was mar- ried October 19, 1892, and has one son living — Kenneth D. Brown. He has spent his professional life thus fiir in the practice of law. He was employed in the Law Department of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad Company from October, 1889, to July, 1912. He is now a member of the firm of Brown and Baer, engaged in general law prac- tice, in San Francisco, California. REV. JOHN N. GEISLER John Nicholas Geisler was born in a log house in the town of Lukin, Lawrence County, Illinois, m the year 1858. His flither was German and his mother Scotch. His father was one of the three m the village who voted for Abraham Lincoln at his first election, and one of the ten who voted for him at his second election. The father ' s politics being unpopular, the son had many political contentions among his school fellows, which sometimes led to blows. For this reason, his preparation for college was largely obtained at home. He came to McKendree with little besides his great thirst for learning; and after five years of struggle with adversity and deep draughts from the fountains of knowl ' edge, he graduated in 1886, with the degree of A. B. The same year he entered Boston University School of Theology and there received the degree of S. T. B. m 1889. He en- tered the New England Southern Conference m 1890, and since that time has labored faithfully as pastor of the Chris- tian flock wherever the authority of the Church has placed him. He was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows — Encampment, Royal Purple Degree. His death occurred m 1924. IRA D. KINGSBURY Ira Dale Kingsbury was born at Carlyle, Illinois, Novem- ber 12, 1866. His father was Darius Kingsbury, a lawyer, and Mary E. Hazard, both born in America, and descend- ants of old New England families. He entered McKendree College in 1883 and graduated in June, 1886, receiving the degree of B. S., and the corresponding master ' s degree in 1889. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married April 27, 1897, to Miss Sibyl Lee Capelle, of Carlyle, Illinois. After graduation, he studied law, but did not enter upon the practice of this profession. In 1891 he moved to Rochester, New York, where for two years he was engaged in the wholesale fruit business. In April, 1893, he entered the employ of the Lawyers ' Co-operative Publish- ing Company. In July, 1895, he engaged with the Bausch and Lomb Optical Company as credit man, which position he held until October 15, 1907, when he resigned to accept the position of financial manager for L. Adler, Brothers and Company, manufecturers of men ' s fine clothing, which posi- tion he now holds, and since November, 191 1, he has been a member of the company. He is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church and has belonged to the Masonic Frater- nity since 1889. He was secretary of the Rochester Public Health Association from 1899 to 1907, and while holding this office, he was prominent in the first public efforts for Two Hundred and T inety-Five organized preventative work against the spread of tubercu- losis. For many years he has been an active member of the National Credit Men ' s Association and the Rochester Asso- ciation of Credit Men, being an ex-president of the latter body, and at present, a director in the former. He is a mem- ber of the Rochester Club, the Automobile Club of Roch- ester, and the Oak Hill Country Club. JOHN S. C, NICHOLS John Strong Curtis Nichols was born near Noble, Illinois, January 6, 1864. His parents were Joshua D. and Esther (Curtis) Nichols, both natives of New York. He entered McKendree in 1884 and graduated in 1886, with the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. In 1892 he was united in marriage to Miss Ruby McMurtry. They have five children — three boys and two girls. Since leaving college, he has been engaged in a variety of occupa- tions, among which are law practice, farming and merchan- dising. For a number of years he has been president and cashier of the First National Bank of Noble, Illinois. He is a member of the order of A. F. 6s? A. M. GEORGE W. PRESTON George William Preston was born in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, November 7, 1867. He is a son of S. H. and Mary J. Preston. He came to Illinois in early youth and entered McKendree College in 1882. He graduated in the class of 1886, receiving the degree of B. S. The next year he received the master ' s degree from his alma mater. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He later attended Kenyon College, where he received the degree of B. D. in 1893. In 1902 he received the degree of LL. B. from the University of Buffalo (N. Y.). He has successfully filled the following positions: Clerk of the State Board of Health of Illinois, 1884-1887; then for a year he was Professor of English Language and Literature in Hillsboro College (Ohio) ; the next year he was Superintendent of Schools, Loveland, Ohio; then for two years he was President of Georgetown College (Ohio); in 189 j he was ordained a priest in the Episcopal Church and served as rector of parishes in Ohio and Pennsylvania until 1899; he was then for some years General Missionary of his Church for Southern Illinois and Dean of Chester: later he lived for some years in St. Louis, but in 191 4 he moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado, where he now resides. He was married to Clara Louise Day m 1901. Their children are William Day, Mary Louise, and George. SAMUEL SLADE Samuel Slade was born at Pana, Illinois, March 35, 1865, and was accidentally killed at San Luis Obispo Bay, on the Pacific Coast, being thrown against a rock by an ocean wave, February ij, 1898. He was a son of Samuel and Martha Slade, who were both native Americans, though the father was of French and the mother of English ancestry. From early childhood until he went to college, he lived near Piasa, Macoupin County, Illinois. He became a student in Mc- Kendree in 1881 and graduated in 1886 with the degree of B. S. In 1888 he completed the Law Course in McKendree and received the degree of LL. B. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Blevins, of Oskaloosa, Kansas, May 2j, 1889. Their son, Marshall, and daughter, Esther, both died in early childhood. Their youngest daughter, Maria, graduated from the University of Kansas, at Lawrence. After teaching school two years, Mr. Slade began the practice of law at Eads, Colorado. He was elected County Attorney of Kiowa Coun- ty, Colorado, in 1889, and District Attorney in 1891. He resigned this office and moved to Pueblo, Colorado, where he practiced law until failing health induced him to move to Santa, Maria, California, where in 1895 he became a mem- ber of the law firm of Slade and Armstrong, which was dissolved by his death in 1898. In 1893 he held the position of Clerk of the Judiciary Committee in the Colorado Legis- lature. In California, he was Clerk of the Senate Committee of Education and Public Morals. He held the highest office in the Knights of Pythias Lodge, and was a member of the Finance Committee of the Grand Lodge of California. He also belonged to the Masonic Order, the Independent Order of Forresters, and the Order of Eastern Star. He was a trustee of the City Library Association. He was a Repub- lican in politics and doubtless, had he lived, would have exerted a wide influence in that field. A published History of the City of Pueblo says of him: Mr. Slade, though not numbered among the pioneer lawyers of Pueblo, yet by strict application to his chosen profession, has written his name high up on the list of the city ' s able attorneys, securing the reputation of being an able lawyer and a true gentleman, thorough, careful, and conscientious. Two Huiidrec! and inetySix MC KENDREE CHAPTER XXIV. The Literary Societies J0HN50N PIERSON A Philo Founder THE PHILOSOPHIAN SOCIETY fficKENDREE College had completed nearly ten ye.irs of history as an educational institution before there was any attempt to organize a literary society. But early m January, i8j7, a public invitation was issued to the students, or to as many of them as were interested in the organization of a debating soci- ety, to meet in Professor Mer- rill ' s room on the evening of January lo. This room was in the old frame building long since gone. When the stated time arrived, there were just seven young men present. The catalogue of that year shows that there were seventy-three students enrolled. Twenty- two were college students and fifty-one in the Preparatory De- partment; and all were eligible to join the society, but thru indifference or ignorance, or some other cause, the others did not appear. These seven were less than ten per cent of the student body. They cer, tainly deserve to have their names inscribed on the honor roll as the pioneers in the field of literary and forensic work. So far as we have been able to learn, up to this time there was no such organization in the Mississippi Valley. But many a great movement has had as humble a beginning. The names of these seven men were Asahel Brown, Samuel K. Casey, Jeremiah Johnson, Harvey C. Lasley, Elihu Mc- Kendree Peters, Johnson Pierson, and Joseph Harris Tam. But when it became evident that only seven were to be present, they proceeded, nevertheless, to carry out the an- nounced purpose of the meeting. J. H. Tam was made tem- porary chairman and Johnson Pierson, secretary. A com- mittee was appointed, consisting of Pierson, Lasley, and Casey, to draft a constitution and report at the next meeting, January 17. The matter of a name for the new organization was discussed, and among those proposed, the name Philo- mathian was favored by the majority. It was agreed, how- ever, to consult Professor Sunderland, in whose judgment the students had the highest confidence. When informed that the name Philomathian had been provisionally chosen, the Professor said, Young men, let me exhort you to be ' Lovers of Wisdom ' rather than mere ' Lovers of Learning. ' I suggest that you adopt the name ' Philosophian ' rather than ' Philomathian ' . The boys readily accepted his suggestion and the constitution which was adopted provided, among other things, that this society be known as the Philosophian Society of McKendree College. Professor Sunderland was a Iso consulted about the motto, and he suggested the motto of the one to which he had be- longed at the Wesleyan L ' ni- versity, at Middletown, Con- necticut, and where he had but recently graduated. And so Detur Digniori, signifying Let It be given to the more worthy, became the motto of Philo. In after years John Lupton, who was for years Lebanon ' s well known photog- rapher and portrait painter, painted this motto on a large canvas which was placed in a dignified frame and hung on the walls of Philo hall for years. On the occasions of the annual exhibitions, it was moved over to the chapel and hung over the stage while the program was being rendered. In recent years, through the influence of Timothy I. McKnight, a new motto was painted which also gives the date of the founding of the organization. The object of the society, as stated in the original constitution, was the mutual improvement of its members m oratorical attainments and in scientific and lit- erary pursuits. By the end of the first year of the society ' s existence, there were thirty-one members. It seems appropriate here to give their names as found m an old Philo catalogue pub- lished in 1850. The original seven are marked with a . JOS. H. TAM A Founder of Philo Amos, Abraham Bennet, Wesley Brown, Asahel Casey, Samuel K. Clemson, James Y. Cossitt, David B. Crouch, Lloyd Edgar, William Hunt, Ralph Alton Clarksburg, Va. Brownsville, Mo. Benton Caledonia Lebanon McLeansboro St. Augustine, Tex. Buffalo, N. Y. Two Hundred and Mmety-Seve Jeter, WiUi mi T. Johnson, Jeremiah Johnson, John Johnson, P. W. Jones, John W. Lasley, Harvey C. Leonard, Thomas Lucky, William T. Moore, Jesse H. Norman, B. Neal, Thomas L. Padon, Alfred Peters, Elihu McKendree Pierson, Johnson Renfro, James J. Robinson, Eli Scarritt, Nathan The hall of the Louisville, Ky. Lebanon Amity Nashville Alton Galliopolis, Ohio Lebanon Fayette, Mo. Paris Sugar Creek Carrolton Ridge Prairie White Hall Burlington, Iowa Troy Benton, Wisconsin Westport, Mo. Phtlosophian Literary Society Tam, Joseph H. Wakefield, Ira Wall, Finley W. Weer, William Williams, Abraham Logansport, Iowa Lebanon Owensboro, Ky. Carlinville Amity The post office addresses given above are the ones they had in 1850, rather than when they entered college. The constitution provided that all members of the college faculty should be ex-officio honorary members. And in addition to these, they occasionally elected some prominent man who would be considered an honor to their membership roll. Among those chosen before 1850 were Rev. John Mason Peck, the great pioneer of the Illinois Baptists, and founder of Rock Springs Seminary, and Hon. Lyman Trumbull, who was afterward a member of the United States Senate. The first public exhibition of the society was held September 4, i8j8. It was a tedious program of argumentation. There Two Hundred and H ' netyEight were eight questions for debate, one of which was a dis- cussion of the United States banking system. The tedium was reheved only by one odd number entitled, A Lecture on Phrenology. It was supposed to be delivered by Dr. Bump Monger, President of the Phrenological Academy of Kamchatka. This important personage was represented by Jeremiah Johnson, afterward a member of the first graduating class. The learned lecturer was followed by Cuff and Jumbo, who were slated to hold a colloquy on the subject of Phre- nology. On this program appeared the names of William T. Lucky, who afterward became the founder of at least two colleges in the west. And Jesse Haile Moore, afterwards a general in the Civil War, a minister, a college president, a member of Congress, and finally Consul-general to Peru. For several years the Society held its meeting in a recitation room in the old building, but after the erection of the present building known as Old Main, which was begun in 1850, the societies were given quarters in the new building. There were two of them at that time, the Platonian Society having been organized m 1849. I ' ' ' 854 ' he Philo Society moved into its new quarters, which at that time included only the south half of the present hall. That much space was ample at that time to accommodate the Society. But by 1856 it became evident that more room was necessary, and so the partition was removed and the Philo Hall acquired its present proportions. In 1847, Silas L. Bryan, afterwards a Circuit Judge m Illinois, was secretary of the Society. Sixty-two years later, m 190Q, his son, William Jennings Bryan, was elected to honorary membership in Philo. This occurred at a banquet held m honor of Silas LiUard Bryan, at which Hon. William E. Trautmann presided as toastmaster, and William Jennings Bryan was present and spoke to the toast Faith. The history of Philo furnishes many examples of how faith may be transformed into works. Of the seven founders, there should be special mention. Two of them, Jeremiah Johnson and Johnson Pierson, later became grad ' uates of McKendree as members of the class of 1S41. Biog ' raphies of them appear in that connection. Asahel Brown r P B D fl a A j)J M MUSIC. TiiBti Days wiutCiUMLi.-, - E. . . ErrtiT.oriuEKx,L,Mw:yv,,iN. ■ V. MUSIC. U . T I X S. Pop U LA,. I ' .V.L.. G. J Gluu,. W I ' . EAT...V MUSIC. c . r E H .- . T E QUESTION — lathe Light of Nature, unassisted by Eevelaiion, sufScient to prove the existence and attributes of a God ? MUSIC. C R . T I O N S . L, H Utt. J. K, B„, c ON J,.s..,„ Ha„b,. MUSIC, ORICINALPLAY--H. r..r.-ainl al ' tti- I ' .li i-l ion [DRAMATIS PERSONS ] Pat .AUnniv, (Fresh fiom ilie ould iod. ) C..s ,N..„,,i. Simon D...,.i,rACE, (Candidalu for Congress. ; J. Wii.or.v, Mb. P,,vcKN£v, (Pai-siigtd Employer,) - G, J.Georce, Haxs WrNixTEif.,(Dtvoied 10 lieir, bread, m.) W. P, Eaton, Mn. Hawkins, - - H, V. McCoy. Mn, Pu.t Dnur,:, ' ' ' ' ' - Howard. Biddy, (The genlle „,fe of I ' al) • - WUR. MUSIC. , m Facsimile of Philo programme dated March i r, i86i Ttvo Hundred and ?iinety?{me ' ( i!i) n of (trercisfs. 5 SAT.l ' TATOnV.  ECLAMlTIO S. ESSAVS. TOIL ON, VO ? ' SOOX WIM. FlItD A REST. T. J. CiLDwr.ix - - - - R. M. DtNF.F. . Mi;.NTAr, HEROISM, (j tTIO!kS. CARKKR OF MIND. - - - ► |. ' ' . (i;i.i(uv ONWARD, FOREVER ONWARD,. - r. . D,4.H co ' UErLAMATIOXS. BKSTl.NV OF AMF.RIC A. C. IIo THH SOl ' TH A «D THE I ' MON, - v c. A. Music. ESSAVS. ADVANCEMENT OF THE AOE, - - - C. W, TRIUMPHS OF INTELLECT, - - - - I. St. ORATIOSS. OIR RESOLRCES AND RESPONSIBILITIES, F. J. Helup. IMMORTALITV OF GENII ' S. . . . s. H. Dbi « . Music. Hrrfhait (f Vfniff.— A Tragedy iu 3 .Vets. SHVI.OCK, S. L. Fo.ni.. BASSARriJ, F. J. Hr.!Lor. ANTONIO, A. .M. Ji:Bn.Mt. PORTIA, F. NtLsoN. SALARINU, T. A. PtRiitR. -. R-% SALANIO, TUBAL, . . . . DUKE, - - - ■ - NERISSA, . . - . CLERK OF THE COURT, JAILER, - - . . bECLAlIATrONS. MISSION OF SCIENCE, The Dead Shot,— . Builesriuo. CAPTAIN CANNON, S. L. HECTOR TIMID, WISEMAN. - - FRED. THORNTON, LOUISA, - - - CHATTER, - - Music. Box and C x, -A Fiiico. co.x, - BO.X, BOUNCER, .M. JunoM J. Havde A. .M. J I F. Nelso D. J. Ha V. LEDICTORY, ■ - - - D. H. Pos Mvfk. BEKEDiCTIOIV. APR. 5TH. 1853 ' ±i£P: . . Q U Facsimile of programme of joint-exhibition entered the Methodist ministry, and was for a time a meiiT ber of the Illinois Conference. He afterward transferred to the Missouri Conference and gave his later life to the build- ing up of the newer country west of Illinois. The town of Brownsville, Missouri was named after him. Samuel K. Casey was the son of Zadoc and Rachel Casey, born in Tennessee in 1817. His father came to Illinois soon after that time and was a prominent lawyer and judge, having served one term as Lieutenant-governor of Illinois. Samuel K. left McKendree before finishing his course, studied law, served as County Judge in Franklin County for a number of years, was receiver of public moneys at Shawneetown for a period, and was for five years warden of the Sfcite Penitentiary at Joliet. During this period he superintended the erection of a new state prison building which was accomplished in a manner demon- strating his fidelity to a public trust. In 1S6S he was elected It the «3£) .. .. „.., tfOS held by Philo and Plato on April 5, 185J State Senator from his district and held this office time of his death May 3,1, 1871. Harvey C. Lasley was the only one of the seven founders who was in the Preparatory rather than the College De- partment. His home was in Galliopolis, Ohio when he came to college and he died at that place some time before 1850. Elihu McKendree Peters was born in Virginia in 181 1. He came to Greene County, Illinois in an early day. He entered McKendree in 1836 and in 1837 became the first president of Philo under the constitution. He did not finish his college course, but after leaving school he engaged in farming and was also a local preacher in the Methodist Church. He was married in 1841, to Miss Ann Condell at Carrollton, 111. His death occurred at White Hall, Illinois, in 1849, when he was still under forty years of age. Joseph Harris Tam was born in Delaware in 1816. He was enrolled in McKendree at the time of the organization Three HmidreJ of Philo, from Logansport, low.i. He did not finish his college course, but after he left McKendree, he went to New Or- leans and later enlisted in the Texas Rangers serving in the Mexican War. After the close of the war, he returned to Illi- nois and married Miss Sarah Glassford, of Monticello. In 1848 he went to California, and settled in Amador County in 1849. He remained there several years and engaged m mining with a good degree of success. In 1852 he moved with his family to San Joaquin County, where he was one of the earliest settlers at the town of Woodbridge. He acquired a large area of land in that vicinity. He had the first orchard m the later famous San Joaquin Valley. He was the father of four sons and two daughters. Those surviving him are: Mrs. J. A. Stewart, of Stockton, California; Mrs. Agusta E. Richards, San Jose, California; and one son, the Hon. J. H. Tarn, of San Francisco. The elder Tam died at Wood- bridge, California, in 1867. The work of the Society now includes readings, essays, orations, extemporaneous speaking, parliamentary drill, and debate. It also affords opportunity for practice in acquiring self possession in difficult situations, thinking while on your feet, and the ability to exercise sound critical judgment in literary and forensic matters. In the years past, the literary societies hive been largely of the n.iture of fniternities, as well as literary forums. Some students have valued the ex- periences of the society hall more highly than those of the class room. The society spirit was an influence far more evident in the old days than at present. At times, it ran so high as to cause a dangerous rivalry between the two mens ' societies. Sometimes there were serious clashes between the organizations, not only of words and feelings, but sometimes of physical force that might result in actual bruises and bloodshed. But these conflicts are soon forgotten after stU ' dents get out into the world. The reasons that seemed abun- dantly sufficient to justify extreme conduct on the part of the student, seem very small indeed to the man of the world. The fraternal spirit often caused the boys to prolong their session until far into the night, and sometimes the order of exercises would entirely lose its literary character and be come chiefly social. In the days when the buildings were heated with stoves, and of course there was a stove in each society hall, the drawers under the book cases in Philo always contained some cooking utensils. Sometimes after the program was over on a winter night, a committee might be appointed to visit some convenient hen-house and procure a chicken to form the basis of an informal banquet; which, IDEXUR, 3DIC3-rJIOK,I. jr - OF THE - T COLLEOE CHA-FEL, cdiie. ' id.ui ffirni 11 . t): iciiibtr lo MUSIC. nsrvoGA-xipisr, music. DECLAMATION ' , . . Tlie Voluntoor soldier .1. A. SllErilERD. O. K. SiLLIMAN. ' fc ? j FR GR Aivr 3S E . OKATIc.N C. S. DKJiKKN. Energy. OKATIO.V 1 . Coliimbi:i ' s I! «MI. LirncK. itlle Fields. MUSIC, Oh, Lord, Hiiw Exc«lIeW is Tliv Name. 1 Missts LEEPEit and McCkacken, 1 MESsRe. Hkrvet a nd MOOBE- DKCl.AMATION, . . . Tlie •olish Boy. CaueHall. OUVTION I ' .lcmcnt .I.e. Mo.. HE. or Power. MUSIC, (S olo) . . . ThcU W. S. IIERVEV. aterMill- 01!. TI0N L. Y. Sherman. Now. OliATIOX, W. S HOHNER. .MUSIC. Action. OUATION, J. A. SPIES. or Thought MUSIC. liE.VEDICTION. MUSIC. President of ti ' e Evciiin;, ' , J. C. Creighton. | | ■USHERS. W. H. Wilson, I. N. Errismak. || ' J ' 1 of a Philo exhibition programm? datjd December 15, 1879 rhrce Hundred and On if it did not promote the primary purpose of the organization, at least had a strong tendency to arouse good fellowship, which was likely to be cherished in the years to come. The first few weeks of each school year were marked by strenuous efforts to secure new members, on the part of both societies. They used every possible argument and device to influence the new men to make the right choice and not ruin their college life by joining the wrong society. The first few meetings of the year were specially interesting, when the literary program was over, and taking up the busi- ness session, the president called for propositions for mem- bership. The formal proposal of the name of some new stu- dent was often written out at great length and in extravagant terms praised the good qualities of the individual and dwelt upon his capacity to bring glory to the society in the years to come. Then after a motion was duly made to receive the candidate into the membership of the society, there was a tremendous affirmative vote. No one thought of voting in the negative, and the object of the loud affirmative was to advertise the fact to their opponents across the hall that they had received a new member. So the doors and windows were opened, various noise making devices were employed, voices were keyed to their fullest capacity, and such a volume of noise would smite the quiet evening atmosphere as was well calculated to awake the dead. But if it did not actually produce that effect, it did awake the members of the other society to the fact that some unsophisticated freshman had been inviegjed into joining the opposite society, and there- fore, in their estimation, had ruined his chances of success in life forever. In the period of the eighties and nineties, it was customary about once a term to hold a college social in the two society halls. In those days there were two doors in each hall, just opposite the two in the other. With these all thrown open. It was a fine place to play the social games that were common in those days. After several hours of social enjoyment, in which the boys and girls asso- ciated freely with each other without violating any of the ordinary rules of propriety, at 10:3,0, the president or vice- president of the college would GEORGE W. SMITH ' ' general remarks Who was a member of Philo and announce that it was time SAMUEL K. CASEY One of the Founders of Philo to adjourn. This suggestion was promptly and cheerfully obeyed and the boys and girls went to their boarding houses feeling that they had been re- ceiving a kind of training that was both pleasant and useful, tho not found in the printed curriculum. The coming of the dormitories with many stu- dents living on the hill, and the wider interest in athletics and various other college activ- ities, have conspired together to change these conditions of the former years. CksUege stu- dents probably enjoy social contacts as much as ever, but the forms and methods of these change as the years go by. For many years there hung on the west wall of Philo Hall a painting by John Lupton which represented a pioneer scene, showing two Indians in the primeval forest with their wea ' pons prepared either for a hunt or warfare against their enemies. One of the favorite jokes to play on a new member of the society was to show him this picture and tell him to find three Indians in it. There were the two in plain sight, and he would usually search long and diligently for the third. But no one was ever able to find a third. After he had finally given up the search and acknowledged his failure, he was told that the third Indian was behind one of the big trees and therefore out of sight. Of course he would keep the whereabouts of the third Indian a profound secret in order that he might enjoy seeing the next new member fooled as he had been. At the same time with these pleasurable activities, much serious work was undertaken by the Philos. They were re- quired to pay fees and dues, and sometimes fines. Most of them spent many hours in preparation for assigned tasks, the performance of which was a splendid means of develop- ing certain talents, and preparing the student to meet cer- t;nn obligations that are likely to come in later life Philo feels especially proud of her record in certain lines. It is claimed that there have been only two sessions of the Illinois Legislature since 1849 without one or more Philos in their membership. The society has been continuously represented on the Circuit Bench of Illinois since 1857. The present Chief Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court, Judge William M. Farmer, is a Philo. Only two sessions of Congress since the Three Hundred and Two Civil War have been held without Philo hemsj represent ed either m the Senate or the House. The Philos are also proud of their record m the matter of the Bryan Essay Contest. This was a prize established by William J. Bryan, to be given annually for the best essay on some question of government. It was first offered in i8q8, JUDGE WILLIAM A. FARMER nj .,5 on by a Philo m the One ot Philo ' s Honored Members ' , ,, years mentioned rollowmg: 1898 W. DuffPiercy 1910 Edmund J. Burgard 1899 Ben G. Scott 1911 Timothy I. McKnight igoo Harold P. Barnes 1912 Clark R. Yost 1902 Edward D. Krehbiel 191 3, Samuel W. Eaton 1903 Robert E. Choisser 1914 John Stewart 1904 Arthur L. Weber 191 5 Norman M. Moss 1905 Leonard Carson 1916 Roger W. Valentine 1906 Charles E. Combe 1917 Arthur F. Zimmerman 1907 William F. Borders 1918 Lloyd J. Voyles 1908 W. D. P. Farthing 1919 Ray E. Winter 1909 Russel E. Townsend iqii John B. Zimmerman After 1921, the Bryan Prize was no longer offered. The Brown Oratorical Contest was established by Mr. Charles W. Brown, of Chicago, and was maintained by him during the years 1902 to 1910. The first prize m this contest was awarded to Philos as follows; 1902 John W. Borah 1907 Russel E. Townsend 1904 Henry Eaton 1908 William J. Eaton 1905 Edward D. Krehbiel 1909 W. D. P. Farthing 1906 Charles Herbert Miller 1910 Silas J. Rees In the old days, the semi-annual exhibitions were great occasions. Before the days of the picture show and cheap vaudeville, the college chapel was crowded to the doors and the gallery full of people anxious to hear what the budding orators had to present. We reproduce some of the Philo programs as they were actually given. There was always a vigorous rivalry as to which of the three societies presented the best exhibition. Of course the decision was usually a matter of individual opinion, and that was usually colored by personal preference and traditional associations. For a long time it was a common custom for the friends and admirers of the performers to send them cards, by the ushers, containing written congratulations and compliments on the excellence of their performance. These cards were treasured by some, to look over in after years as pleasant reminders of the successful achievements of college days. In the early history of Philo, and this was true of both the men ' s societies, the exercises consisted chiefly of debates and orations. Later, essays and extemporaneous speeches were introduced. Still later came music and par- liamentary drill. These changes usually occurred in both or- ganizations about the same time. They both bought pianos, each without the other ' s knowledge, so near the same time that when one of them was delivered, boys from both so- cieties helped to carry it upstairs, each thinking it belonged to his society. The Philo boys tike special interest m t lie exercise known as parliamentary drill. Skill m this exercise involves a good knowledge of Roberts ' Rules of Order, and a keenly analytic mind to enable one, on the spur of the moment, to determine the proper application of the rules to a given case. When Philos graduate from college they are presented with a form of diploma from the society, which certifies that they are sufficiently acquainted with parliamentary law to be com ' petent to preside over assemblies. In 1850 a catalogue of Philo was pubhshed, giving a brief account of the organiza- tion in 1837 and the names of those who had been members of It up to that date. None of those mentioned m that list are now living. Along m the nineties of the nineteenth cen- tury, a roster of the entire membership was prepared, though it was not printed, but left m neatly written form to be useful to the future historian. This piece of work was done by John L. Hobbs, who was appointed to the task by the Society, because of his skill in penmanship. Mr. Hobbs after- ward became a physician, and after many years of successful practice, he retired from professional work and is now living in Los Angeles, California. La- ter a history of the Society was compiled by Paul and Chester Farthing, brothers who graduated in the class of 1909. This was published m 191 1 and contains a complete rost- er of the membership up to that time. A form of activity which has been greatly en- joyed by many of the members and friends for a dozen years or more, is the Philo Chautau- ROBERTS qua. It is a burlesque on the a former Philo Three Hundred and Three Hall of th; Platonian Literary Society community Chautauqua, which has been so common in the middle west in recent years. A program is prepared, con ' sisting of SIX numbers to represent the six days of the usual Chautauqua, including a performance for each night of Chau- tauqua week. Each performance represents a f;ike lecturer with a long name, or a pseudo concert troupe in fantastic costume and improvised instruments, or the impersonation of some fiimous magician with a bit of magic which the audience can easily see through. Even a sermon of a sort of vaudeville type is provided for the Sunday night at Chau- tauqua. The platform manager gets off jokes on various peo- ple in the audience, frequent telegrams are received and read from the platform. Even the faculty come in for their share of jokes, and the audience is kept in a roar of laughter for the most of the evening. Printed tickets are issued by way of invitation to the chautauqua and there is always a crowded house. THE PLATONIAN SOCIETY The Platonian Literary Society dates its origin from 1849, though there is a question in the minds of some as to whether or not an older organization was merged into Plato at that time. There was evidently an organization of some kind be- sides Philo, as early as 1847. The McKendree catalogues of 1S47 and 1848 contain the statement, ' The Philosophian Society and McKendree College Lyceum offer every facility for improvement in discussion and general literature. Th.it of 1849 has almost the same statement, with The Platonian Society substituted for McKendree Lyceum, also the clause inserted, with well furnished rooms and growing libraries. Professor W. F. Thrall, of the University of North Carolina, who is.a member of the Platonian Society, has in- vestigated this point of history carefully and secured the testimony of several of the men who were students of Mc- Kendree in that period and original members of Plato Three Hundred ani Four -L MVSIC. FKAYER. MUSIC. A,. . ■Ji Oiation, Shadows of the Moment, C T. H Jones, Johnsonville J Oration, N.ght, f. C. S. Freark Fost iburg. jC l The Age of Mind, Cl W. M Schiiwerk, Baldwin Jf II I ;«- - i« , - v 5- - Oration, Power A. N. Simmons, Brighton Oration, Incarnation of Thought W. W. Flint, Lebanon Oration, Education J S. Carson, Hovleton, Oration I.ovalt I R I..:irge. Millcrsvi I,-, V.VI.KDUTOUV VI)1 11ESS, S. E. EAKP. Positions chosen bv lot JUNE 10 1879 I v. M ' KENDREE COLLEGE, W. W Flini, president. Candidates for Degrees : MASTER OF LITERATVRK : Guilielmus Costello, B. i ., Freebure. Ira Waldron Marshall, A. B,, Lebanon. Jacobus Alphonsus Bishop, B W.i tamuelis Evingston Earp, B. S , Jacobus Godfridus Dee, B.d., Mulberry Grove. Joscpiius Gailielmuo Van Cleve, A. B , iiferring o( Degrees. ItKNKiMCTlUN. Exact reproduction ot ■ of undergraduates exhibition of Plato, held June lo, 1879 After a careful reading of the results of his investigation, we are inclined to the opinion that there was an organization known as the McKendree Lyceum during the two years pre- ceding the founding of Plato. Whether it was a mere debating club or a regular literary society, we have no means of know- ing after so great a lapse of time, with no member of the Lyceum now living and no records of the organization itself still in existence. However, the most reasonable hypothesis seems to be that the Lyceum was disbanded and ceased to exist some time between the date of the publication of the catalogue of 1848 and April 1849. Still the question of what may have preceded the Platonian Society is not one of great importance in a work of this kind. We will leave that to the specialist and attempt to record as carefully as possible the outline at least of the actual and unquestioned records, leav- ing to the specialist the determination of hypothetical ques- tions which are more or less clouded by the conflicting mem- ories of those who try to recall the deeds of long ago. Some of the facts concerning the founding and early his- tory of the Platonian Society have been furnished by Mr. Thomas O. Springer, deceased, who was its first president, and Judge Thomas Casey, who was also one of the sixteen founders. The date of organization is April 20, 1849. committee was appointed to ask President Wentworth for the use of a room in the college building, which request was readily granted. A committee consisting of C. W. Jerome, T. O. Springer, and T. S. Casey, was appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws, and to select a name and motto for the new organization. The motto selected w:is Via Sapentiae, signifying Way of wisdom. The first officers elected were as follows; President, Thomas O. Springer; Vice-president, William Schwartz; Recording Secretary, Thomas S. Casey; Corresponding Secretary, Charles W. Jerome; Treasurer, Isaac B. Jack. Judge Casey tells how the furniture was secured to make the original meeting place attractive. There we were in that bleak and desolate room. Three Hundred and Five MC KENDREir : ... . . THREE FOUNDERS OF PLATO Fike VanWinkle Thompson The dust of generations was on its walls, three or four tal- low candles in wooden holders adorned the walls, a two dollar table was in front of the president, and a like piece of furniture before the secretary, while wooden and back ' less benches were around against the walls. The above, along with a paper bound ledger costing forty cents, and a few sheets of foolscap, constituted our furniture and property. We had about thirty dollars in the treasury. From the small amount we were each allowed as spending money, contri- butions were freely made to the good cause and we soon increased our capital to fifty-five dollars and seventy-five cents. With this amount we sent Jerome to St. Louis. Our confidence in his taste was unbounded. In those days it took one day to make the trip to St. Louis, one to do the shopping, and one for the return journey, so that in three days he was back agai n, and very soon thereafter we had paper on the walls, twenty chairs, and what seemed more than all, a carpet on the floor. That was a luxury the Philos did not have. Before the end of May the carpet was down, the old benches removed, new chairs in their places, new paper on the walls and the ceiling freshly whitewashed. Tin candlesticks had taken the place of the old wooden ones. We were in this happy condition when it was determined to have a library. Again we became beggars. We wrote home, we importuned publishing houses, we elected a num- ber of prominent gentlemen honorary members and politely and delicately informed them of the honor that had been bestowed upon them and suggested that any spare books they might have would be gratefully received. By commence- ment we had laid the foundations of a library. During the summer we gathered books for the library, and were all early on the ground m the tall to induce the new students to join Plato. With us this was a critical time. Each Plato became a politician in a small way. There was no noise made, but by sunlight and by starlight the work went on. In a few weeks we had gathered in most of the new stu- dents. From that time the success of our society was assured. The names of the sixteen founders are here given : Charles W. Jerome St. Louis David W. Bryant Waterloo George W. Caldwell Franklin Joseph W. Drury Waterloo Henry C. Fike Mascoutah Thomas O. Springer Edwardsville Alonzo Thompson High Prairie Alexander Van Winkle Franklin Thomas S. Casey Mt. Vernon William Chance Waterloo Isaac B. Jack Nashville Michael Mummert Waterloo James H. Riggin Lebanon William Schwartz Duquoin William McK. Springer Edwardsville William K. Thomas Belleville Nine of this number pursued their course to graduation and sketches of them will be found in connection with the other members of their respective classes. Of the others we will give brief sketches here. David W. Bryant was born November i8, 183 1, in Jefferson County, Missouri. He re- ceived his education in the common schools and McKendree College. On leaving college he engaged in farming in Mon- roe County until 1862, when he enlisted in the Eightieth Regiment Missouri Volunteer Infantry, in which he served for a while as First Lieutenant, then as Captain of Company B, and later as Major of his regiment. After the war he again engaged in farming and trading in land, in which his success was such that he felt able to retire in 1886. Attci that time his residence was in Pevely, Missouri. He spent much of his time in his later years in travel. William Chance was born in Monroe County, Illinois, January 26, 1 831. He attended the common schools and Three Hundred and Si.v MC KENDREE entered McKendree m 1.S48. He continued m college for three years, .ifter which he taught school in Columbia, Illi- nois. In i8 ' ;4 he was married to Miss Lucinda Eckert and removing to Lebanon, he engaged in the clothing business during the years 1855 and 1856. He died at Lebanon, Illinois, May II, 1857, and is buried in College Hill Cemetery. Judge Casey said of him: William Chance was a bright and in- teUigent young man. He was delicate in health, but always ready to perform any duty assigned to him. Isaac B. Jack was born m Maury County, Tennessee, July 26, 1824. He came to Illinois in 1832 and was engaged in farming at the outbreak of the Mexican War. He entered the army and served as Lieutenant till the end of the war. He then entered McKendree, tho did not stay to finish a college course. He then taught school for a while and was later elected Sheriff of Washington County. He had an inter- est in the local paper of his home town, the Nashville Dem- ocrat. He lived a consistent Christian life until his death in 1852. One of his college friends said of him: Isaac B. Jack was a jolly good natured fellow, well met with all who believed in taking the world easy. He was strong mentally and physically. He was a true friend, unpretentious, thor- oughly good, honest and always reliable. Michael Mummert was born December 18, 1826, in Ger- many, and came to America with his parents in 183,6, settling in Monroe County, Illinois. He worked on a farm until the beginning of the Mexican War, when he enlisted m the company commanded by William R. Morrison, who after- ward became Colonel Morrison. After serving one year he came home, having been wounded at the battle of Buena Vista. He then went to McKendree for two years. While himself a student, he taught German classes in McKendree, and was thus the first German teacher in the college. Later he read law under Thomas Quick, of Waterloo, for two years and then he went to Cincinnati and studied law for a time in the office of Salmon P. Chase, who afterward be- came Chief Justice of the U- S. Supreme Court. He then returned to Waterloo and practiced law until 1854, when he died after a brief illness. COL. JONATHAN MERRIAM ' ' ' ° ' ' One of Plato ' s distinguished sons m Jackson County, Illinois J. Nick Perrin, well known lecturer and historian, and Charles P. Johnson, famous criminal lawyer — both members of Plato Feb. 7, 1826. He attended his home school and then entered McKendree, where he helped to found the Platonian Society in 1849, but he did not stay in school long after that. He was married to Miss Sarah Kimmel in September, 1850, and some time after located on a farm near Elk Prairie, where he spent the remainder of his life. He spent several years as a teacher in the public schools. Later he was a trustee of the Southern Normal at Carbondale. He also held the office of Justice of the Peace and School Treasurer. He was a Republican in politics and was elected to the Illinois Legislature in 1870. He was an influential member of that body, and was active m securing the establishment of the Railroad and Warehouse Commission. He was an active Christian and church worker. He died September 22, 1871, at his home near Elkville. He was survived by three children, Mrs. Hays, of Elkville, and George and William A. Schwartz, of Carbondale. William McKendree Springer was born in Madison Coun- ty, Illinois, August 31, 1828. He attended the public schools of his neighborhood and in 1848 entered McKendree. At the end of the school year closing in 1849, he left school, not to return because of failing health. In 1850, he went overland to California, but in the summer of 1851 he re- turned and resumed the business of farming. However, he soon left the farm and engaged in running a saw mill. In 1875 he left the saw mill, moved to Edwardsville, and en- gaged in selling hardware and farm machinery. He was a Republican in politics and a member of the Methodist Church. For many years he served as Sunday School Super- intendent. He was a member of the Masonic Order and of the Knights of Honor. In 1881 he started to Colorado for the improvement of his health. At Lawrence, Kansas, where he stopped to visit his sister, he was taken sick and died Three HuriiireJ and Seie there in October of that year. He was married to Miss Margaret Barber in 1857, who with four of their six chil- dren survived him. Wilham Kinney Thomas was born in Ridge Prairie, May 8, 1829. His boyhood was spent on the farm where he got what education the district school afforded. He entered Mc- Kendree in 1847, but left in i8 ' ;o to go to the gold fields of California. In 1855 he returned to Illinois and the next year was married to Miss Mary E. Simpson. None of their five children grew to maturity. In the spring of 1866 he and his little son started for Montana and were both killed by the Indians at the Yellowstone River. A PLATO EXHIBITION (From the McKendree Repository, December, 1870) The gentlemen of the Platonian Society gave their quar- terly exhibition to an audience that nearly filled the College Chapel, Tuesday evening, the 20th inst. After the usual opening ceremonies, a declamation, Damon and Pythias, ■ ' -— 1 PROGRAMME. ANNUAL EXHIBITION OF THK PLATONIAN LITERARY SOCIETl. WEDMSCAY EVEMNG, JILY 9, 1861. PBATEB. sACBtD Mcs:c,- Sherbume- Prolofue C. W. Jekome, St. Louh, iln. swo,— Loved OnK at Home. DECLAMATIONS. Byro n, W. H. McKee, BellnUk. Un on Forever: A. 0. Gates, sour,,,- Railroad Chorus, CoUinsulk. Adv smcemenl of the Age F. B. Ahbuls, Jkrnadollf. L.le epleasures-Howtrinsiem! . . . H, C. Fike, soyG,- Prairle Lea. Marcoulah. Vlil ly of College- A. Thompsos. Hig Pramr. Panorama of ihe Post, . . J. A. IIaldeiiman, Lexingwn. Ky. soM-.,— ' Farme ' s ' Glee. Viileiiiclory, T. ;•. Casey, Mt. Yernor,. 1 so,o,_ 01d House at Home. 1 BENEDICTION. Reduced facsimile of Plato exhibition programme of iSsi. This programme «,-as pres3nted to Plato in lyoi by H. C. Fike was delivered by Tetherington. At first Mr. Tethenngton spoke too rapidly, and in consequence his words were not all distinct; however, as he proceeded he gained self-pos- session and greatly improved his delivery. His gestures were graceful, and for the most part, appropriate, although not always suited to the word. E. B. Waggoner followed with an oration; subject, A Pure Character. His delivery was graceful and pleasing, and the oration itself was of high merit. Impulse and Principle was the theme of an oration by C. T. Moore. The speaker ' s tone was not quite natural at first, and the total want of gestures seemed to show a want of feeling and earnestness. D. H. Delzell chose for his subject, Public Opinion, which he discussed in a practical manner. In speaking, he was evidently laboring under some disadvantage — perhaps a cold. The oration on Triumphs of Intellect by J. H. Blume, was well received and well merited the applause it obtained. The gentleman occasionally lowered his voice rather more than the size of the audience would allow. With the oration, including delivery, he has reason to be satisfied. Mr. G. W. Flint ' s essay, The Spirit of Inquiry, would take a place among the best productions of the evening. However, his reading was rather indifferent. Mr. Berger showed in a clear and pleasing manner, The Uses of Adversity. This was Mr. Berger ' s first appearance in public, and we congratulate him heartily upon his success. O. M. Edwards ' declamation, Parody on the Old Oaken Bucket, was well delivered and the speaker was fairly en- titled to the applause he received. The Curiosity Bag, by Lane, was not mentioned on the programme. Of its merits. It IS sufficient to say that it had one or two good points in It. Music opened and closed the programme, and followed every second speaker. It was entirely vocal and was fur- nished by members of the society, assisted by the ladies. With the exhibition as a whole, the audience seemed more than pleased. We would be glad if some one could devise means by which some of the small boys that attend these performances could be silenced. They applaud every speaker without regard for merit. Boys, hereafter, when you go among gentlemen, try to act like them whether you belong to that class or not. It may be observed that E. B. Waggoner, mention ed in the above account without any adverse criticism, is Professor Waggoner, of Lebanon, Illinois, who has just retired at the age of seventy-five from active educational work after a full half century of service in that field. The greater portion of this long career was spent at McKendree. As far as known .it this writing, no other member of the group of entertainers on that evening nearly sixty years ago, is still alive. The Platonian Society, during most of its history, has occupied a hall in the third story of Old Mam, just oppo- Three H.aiJreJ and Eigli EE I S: site the Philo hall and the same size. The Platos have always prided themselves on the excellent equipment of their hall. They have it furnished in good taste with high grade fur- niture, without regard to expense. The walls are decorated with a number of portraits of former members who have attained distinction in the outside world, or else are especially beloved for their devotion to Plato in the years gone by. Perhaps two decades ago, a series of inter-society debates were held between Philo and Plato. In these contests, Plato came off victorious more than half the time, and still feels proud of that forensic achievement. At one time, perhaps m the eighties of the last century, Plato was noted as the min- isterial society of the college. For a while, every student who was intending to make the ministry his vocation, was a member of Plato. But of course these unnatural situations which occasionally arise are only temporary. As an illustration of their enterprise, Plato was the first of the societies to have electric lights in their hall. They had them installed before the college itself had electric lights. Among the men of distinction whom the society feels honored to have enrolled in her membership, to mention only a few, are General James H. Wilson, of the United States Army; General Wesley Merritt, who saw service not only in the Civil War, but also in the Spanish-American War, John H. Halderman, American minister to Siam; Ex- Governor Charles P. Johnson, who was a noted lawyer in St. Louis; Dr. Augustus C. Bernays, who at the time of his death had a national and perhaps an international rep- utation in the field of surgery; Hon. Henry A. Castle, of St. Paul; General John I. Rinaker, of Carlmville; Judge J. W. Wilkm, of the Illinois Supreme Court; Judge Oliver A. Harker, of the Law School of the University of Illinois; Nel ' son S. Cobleigh, for more than thirty years on the editorial Staff of the New York World; Dr. Daniel B. Parkinson former president of the Southern Normal; Rev. Dr. Joseph W. Van Cleve, for years a connectional officer in the Meth, odist Church, and many others. The public exhibition programs of the societies were quite- serious matters in the early days. The students usually felt that the society work was of equal importance, if not greater than the college course itself. As the years have passed, the programs have gradually become less instructive and more entertaining in their aims. We find a Plato program in 1889, consisting of eight orations, all on serious subjects, with an invocation and a benediction, but without any music. In recent times there may be one, or possibly two orations. while the rest ot the program is made up mainly ot things that entertain, such as readings, music, both instrumental and vocal, and occasionally a dialogue or play. But since these entertaining performances are usually of an uplifting character, who shall say that the evening spent with one of these is not as profitable as the one years ago with the more Puntan-like form of service? For more than half a cen- tury, these public exhibitions were given twice a year, as regularly as the seasons ot the year, and they were always held in the chapel and presented before large audiences. But in recent years, the mid-year entertainments were changed to come after the Christmas holidays instead of before, and then they were omitted altogether. In the old days, each society gave an open session once a month or once a term m Its own hall. On occasions of that kind the other two societies adjourned their own meeting and all went to the open session. In these days the open session is held at 8 o ' clock and the others meet at 6:jo and finish their meeting in time to attend the other. In both the men ' s societies, an innovation of recent years is the practice of initiating the new members by having a dozen or so athletic upper class ' men sieze the new member bodily and toss him up a few times, sometimes so high that his feet will touch the ceiling, being careful, of course, not to let him fall as he comes down. For more than seventy-five years the society meetings were always held on Friday night. It was the end of the school week and the boys were in a meeting by themselves and did not hesitate to stay as long as they felt disposed, not- withstanding the rule requiring them to adjourn at 10:3,0 o ' clock in the winter and 11 P. M. in the spring term. The irregular debate after the regular discussion often took an hour, or even two, if all the members saw fit to exercise their privilege of speaking. And then came the business session. If no business actually presented itself, it was easy to produce some ready to hand which took much time for discussion. So it was often midnight or later when they actually adjourned. For many decades, Friday night was the night of meeting for the societies. But in recent years, after the advent of the trolley car and paved roads and automo- biles, many of the students live at their own homes and come every day or stay till Friday night and go home for week ends. That plan did not permit them to attend the Friday night society meetings. For this reason, and perhaps some others, the society night was changed from Friday to Monday, in 1926. The plan works well in these days. The program is more definite and briefer. The business session is not so long drawn out. They are more inclined to finish Three Hundred and K IMC KEND REE : : :.. ... I ' ia Sapieutioi I ' lANO DUET •Sonatinc. ' Misses Cakbik Sahoent and Eva I ' h illii . —•—IN VOCATION.— — ' PLVNOSOLO Fantaeic De Marlha, Miss May Hakris. ORATION Music of Nature, W. H. Gardenhike, tir.eenvi ' llc, 111. 5 0UATI0N Mail was made to Mourn, J. A. J. Wright, Cliester,-Ill. OK ATION .Bismark, A. L. Berger, Lebanon, 111. ' VOCAL SOLO •■Clnehette, Miss JULIA Kichols, ORATION Pnblic Opinion, W, H. Pierce, Brighton, 111. ' I ORATION Mutations o( Time, J. N. GeTSLER, Lancaster, 111. BASS SOLO Song of the Sea, A. P. Shart. ' ORATION ...,.-. -...Unfolding, W. A. Stoker, Centralia, iiT. I ORATION The Imperishability «f Truth, A. P. SHARP, Mt. Carmel, 111. ' PLVNOSOLO, MISS STELLA HECKER, ' EgKommt ein I ' ogel ye io en, A ' Biirlesqueotm.popHja melody. ' ' Exact reproduction of Plato undergradu the program and go home, for they will have classes to attend the next day. Some of the older Platos remember and speak with great satisfaction of the society paper called The Plato Gem. It was not printed, but written by certain appointed editors and read by the same at an open session perhaps once a term. Its purpose was not instruction but entertain- ment. It abounded in personals and especially such as would be regarded in the nature of a joke. The Gem long ago suspended publication, but there are a few copies still in existence. The Triennial reunions of the societies have always been regarded as great occasions, usually observed by holding a formal banquet with toasts by the former members. In former years they were largely attended and were occasions of many pleasant reminiscences and the renewal of the fellowships of other days. But in the recent years the most of the old McKendreans — Platos and Philos alike — are too busy with the affairs of life to take time to come back to the scene of their college days and renew the fellowships of those hal- cyon days which can never come to a man again, even if he should live to be as old as Methuselah. At this point, there might be instituted a reform among the old McKen- dreans that would lengthen the days of life and increase their happiness in large measure. VALEUICTOKV AnOKKSS A. N. SIMMON. ' . W M. St ' H I ' WEBK,... PRESIDENT OF THE EVENING. Prffuiiti post Proelia. SEVENTH NPL COMMEfiCEMEHT, l?- t)K THE -5--I) W H. PIERCE Preside ' CA-KriDir)A.TES FOB IDEGK.EES ' i • ' o f :o , - n Master of X,it©sat ar©.--n ■ JacDbus RohETtus Large, A. B., Lecar.cn. ReuhenusEdvardus Pierce, A. B Brighton. Jeorglus Price Ramsey, B. S., Xenia. Hubertus Windfleld Reynnlds, B. S.. BelleviUe. GLLLielmus Martinus Schuwerk, B. S., Evaneville ■ JUhertus Nelson Simmcns, A. B Brighton. _., j..-, CONrERRLNG OF DEGREES. .o— lUAKTET Joys of Spring, Misses Nichols ana Shepard, Messrs. Sharp snd Large. es exhibition progamme for June 6, 1882 THE CLIONIAN SOCIETY One logical result of the admission of women to McKen- dree was the organization of a women ' s literary society. Of course the girls needed this kind of training and were equally entitled to it with the boys. Some might have supposed that they would be permitted to join the boys ' societies, but the idea of equality had not yet gone that far. In those days it was customary in many churches to have the men and women sit on opposite sides of the house during the hour of worship. That plan was adopted in the college chapel, and it is one of the ancient customs that has not yet been abandoned. It IS likely that the girls insisted on having their own separate society. Even if they did not, had they been permitted to join the existing societies, it is likely that they would have become social clubs rather than literary societies, and the competition to secure lady members would have increased the rivalry between Philo and Plato, which sometimes ran too high without that additional incentive. Only a few weeks after women were admitted as stu- dents, the women ' s literary society was organized. This im- portant event took place on December 6, 1869. Of the twenty women who are named in the catalogue as students for that year, fifteen are given as charter members of Clio. It is possible that the other five were not students the first term. Three Hundred and Ten |ro9iiainm({. Ifogr amm MUSIC. Invocation. MUSIC. D-iclamation, Carrie Eckert, The Last Praver of Marv, Qiiecii of .Scotts Oration. Emma McKee, Tlie Triumph of Truth. Declamation. Marian McKee. The Maiilet ' Martyr. O ' atioii. Belle ShepanI, Seen and Unseen. r - MLSic _- , DEC.I6TH. Facsimile of Clio exhibit Oration, Mattie Liggett, Which, Democratic or Theocratic Equal itjr? .- . MtisiO : Declamation, Abbie McKee, The Ride ol Collins Grave: f)ration Ida Capen. The Old and the New MUSIC. Rrneillctloii. MUSIC. 1878 ion programme At this meeting, a constitution and bylaws were adopted and officers elected. A little later, other details of organiza- tion were cared for. The initiation fee was fixed at one del ' lar. The motto first selected was Jure Divins, but this was soon after changed to the present motto, Virtute et Labore. A badge was designed in the form of an arrow with a scroll on which the motto is inscribed. This was first made in the form of a silver pin. Later a smaller design m gold took the place of the original silver one. The name selected for the new organization was Clio, or The Clionian Literary Society. Thus it was named after the first of the nine muses of Greek Mythology. This was the muse of History. The names of the fifteen charter members are as follows: Edith Maria Flint, Carrie Hannah Thrall, Kate Leonora Parker, Martha Jane Toney, Eliza Maria Hypes, Adeline Floyd, Georgiana Floyd, Maggie Elizabeth Gilbert, Louisa Alice Vollintine, Jeanette Ross, Elvira Robinson, Nellie Frances Raymond, Harriet Floyd, Virginia Leonora Roberts, and Virginia Laura Thatcher. Of these, some had earned college credits elsewhere and were permitted to take advanced standing. Edith Flint was able to enter the senior class, and so was in McKendree and in Clio, as an active member, for only one year. It was probably b ecause she was a senior that she was elected the first president of the society. Martha Toney, also a Lebanon girl, was a sophomore. In the freshman class were Adeline and Georgiana Floyd, Eliza M. Hypes, commonly known as Pet, Kate L. Parker, and Carrie H. Thrall. All of the freshmen were Lebanon girls except Carrie Thrall, who was from Bone Gap. The other seven were in the Preparatory Department. Their names were Maggie Gilbert, of Summer ' field; Elvira Robinson, Jeanette Ross, and Alice Vollintine, of Cottonwood Springs; and Harriet Floyd, Virginia Rob ' erts, Nellie Raymond, and Virginia Thatcher, of Lebanon. It appears that ten of the fifteen original members were Lebanon girls. Oi the fifteen, only four eventually completed the college course and received degrees. These were Edith Flint, class of 70, Virginia Roberts and Virginia Thatcher, class of ' 72, and Carrie H. Thrall, class of ' 82. In the mean ' time, before receiving her degree, she had become Mrs. C. W. Campbell. Of the others, we have no recent information. But this one great fact we can record concerning them, that every one of the original members of Clio has passed into the great beyond. But they have had many hundreds of successors m the years that have come and gone. The first public entertainment that Clio presented was given in the college chapel May 6, 1870. The following was the program: Tliree Hundred and Eleven CLIO QUARTETTE 190.5 Enola Kiesling Thrall, Elsie Bradley Sager Blanche Fox Wynn, Dora Dougherty Pfeffer CLIONIAN ENTERTAINMENT ViRTUTE ET Labors Friday evening. May 6, 1870 PROGEIAMME PRAYER Music Heavenly Father Salutatory Nellie F. Raymond, Lebanon MUSIC Reading Mr. Bumble ' s Visit Jennie L. Thatcher, Lebanon Essay ' ' Those who live in glass houses should never throu ' stones Celia E. Jewett, Lebanon Quartette Pilgrim Fathers Misses Hvpes and Parker; Messrs. Brownlee and Dickson Reading The Sleeper Sallie I. Seaman, Lebanon Poem Mmisteniig Spirit Edith M. Flint, Lebanon MUSIC Eighty Years Ago Essay O nens Carrie H. Thrall, Albion Essay Das Deutche Maehrchen Thecla M. Bernays, Lebanon MUSIC Essay Controt ' ersia Misses Allyn and Gilbert Subject : What are the conditions of progress in art, wealth and genius? Essay Say not good-night, but m some brighter clime bid nie good morning Jennie L. Roberts, Lebanon MUSIC O Summer 7s(ight BENEDICTION That Clio at this early date was largely a local organiza- tion is evident from the tact that of the twelve girls whose n.imes appear on the program, all but one are from Lebanon. In the Washington ' s Birthday entertainment of 1870, when Cho was only a few weeks old, she was represented on the program by Miss Edith Flint, who read an essay entitled Washington. The comment on this in the college paper was that it was the rarest treat of the evening. When Miss Flint graduated the following June, instead of the usual oration, she presented as her graduating perform- ance, an original poem entitled True Living. The McKendree Repository has preserved for us some records of Clio. From its old files we learn that in 1872 and following, the paper was edited by a staff made up of repre- sentatives from each of the three literary societies. That year the Clio members of the staff were Virginia L. Roberts and Alice I. Radefelt. The room designated for the use of Clio when it was first organized was only half as large as the one it has now. In fact, it was the east half of the present Clio hall. It was furnished with plain wooden chairs and tables, the floor was covered with hemp matting, an old-fashioned wood stove furnished the heat, and it was lighted, when necessary, with a few coal oil lamps. At first, the regular meetings were held in the afternoon, after the last recitation period of Friday. By this arrangement it was not necessary for the girls to make a trip after dark from their homes or boarding houses through the dark campus to Clio Hall. But when the short days of winter came, they often prolonged their sessions far beyond the twilight hour, so that they had to have the lamps lighted in their h.ill. Only a few years elapsed until the society had grown so much that it needed more room. The partition was removed and the size of the hall was doubled. Clio Hall is now a room full forty feet long, and elegantly furnished with suit- able rugs, chairs, bookcase, desk, piano, lights, and nicely papered walls, adorned with beautiful pictures. Over the door hangs a painting of exquisite American Beauty roses, the work of Miss Ethel Horner, done while she was an active member of Clio. When electric lights came to the city of Lebanon, and of course, the college also, they were at first considered a special luxury, and the Clio girls pre- ferred to meet in the evening instead of the afternoon, so they might get more use of their electric lights. Accordingly they presented a petition to the faculty, requesting permis- sion to change their meeting hour to the evening. It was promptly refused by the faculty, on the ground they would Three Hundred and Twelve MC KENDREE not he properly safeguarding the interests of the college girls whose parents had intrusted them to their care, if they should allow them to have a night meeting every week, to which they must go through the unlighted pathways of Mc- Kendree ' s campus. For many years, this presentation of the petition and its refusal was an annual affair. The faculty were supported m their position by the sentiment of many of the good people of Lebanon, and probably most ot the parents of the Clios. But after the dormitories were built and the majority of the Clios lived on the hill all the time, there was no reason why they should not meet ,it the even mg hour. So for many years the three societies have all met at the same hour except when open sessions come. Then the one giving the open session meets at eight, and the others at SIX thirty. To show their good will, the men ' s societies sometimes rendered material aid to Clio in the days when she was trying to accumulate some much needed equipment. Philo gave them a nice Bible for the use of the chaplain at the regular sessions. Then Plato gave them an equally nice Bible stand on which to keep it. On another occasion Plato took the initiative and gave to Clio a cash present of $ioo. Philo, in order to outdo her old time rival, immediately sent over a gift of $iso. These two gifts enabled the Clios to substantially increase their library. Clio has had a career of notable success in the field of literary endeavor. In the days ot a quarter a century ago, when public exhibitions were given by each society twice a year, there was always much discussion, both among the students and the gener.il public, as to which gave the best entertainment. In many instances, it was freely admitted that the palm should go to Clio m preference to either of the men ' s societies. Very often through the nearly seven decades of Clio ' s history, some of her members have won various honors in competition with the superior element in 1 - ■■■■■lig: ' , . r .firm . _j ...Jufl Hi BI MiiiiTiMr i 1 r 1 jjir ™ ™ ' ' Hife F ' P ' Three Hundred and Thirteen Three old Clionians Thekla Bernays Agnes Pace Alice Radefelt ules aad Meplashuas, FINES FUR mn. CHAf-T JK 1 Every women who kuinS must ware a knlikei dress apron or something ekel) aproperate .S: leve ther pougliillc doYfr to lium. CuAi ' iEK II, Every gt m must ware thare ole close an namiil shirts. No gent with -I ' l ile() shirt an dude koUer will be | fine uv 5 cts. OiJcd hare, er wacksed niustash, BlacKed butes, i ct. Sigars ni poclcet A VAUtu uE prize: will be given lo the man woman hevin the worst lookin rig m the rumc. These Rules ..will be inforccd to the letter -A kompetent kommittee will inter- duce strangers look arter bashful fellers. id lo kum unless he pays exTRA GOOD yittue:s will be et trom ate til ton o ' klock. Tickets tu git in will be twenty cts. takes in the suppur the hull thing. Facsimile of rules and regulations for Clio ' s poverty party which helped to pay for their piano the McKendree student body. They have won class honors, oratorical prizes, essay prizes, or almost any kind of a medal which has ever been offered at McKendree. Of course Clio has done the major part of the music work at McKendree and at least an equal, if not greater part of the amateur theatricals which have been a part of college activities. The Clios have been prominent in glee club and quartette work. There have been a number of Clio Quartettes which have won distinction. One was organized m September, 1902, composed of Enola Keisling, Elsie Bradley, Blanche Fox, and Dora Daugherty. This quartette sang together for several years, not only on the Clio public programs, but also they rendered frequent service at funerals, conventions, and other occasions where good music was in demand. These girls finally all graduated and now are all married. At the pres- ent time this quartette furnishes an illustration of how Clio organizations get scattered. In the same order in which their names are mentioned above, they are now Mrs. W. F. Thrall, of Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Mrs. J. B. Sager, of St. Louis, Mrs. Fred Wynn, of Palestine, Illinois, and Mrs. W. C. Pfeffer, of Lebanon. Another of the Clio quartettes that held together longer than usual, began to sing together in 1921. It consisted of Edith Pyle, Lois Dee, Alice Walton, and Ruth Behymer Ulbright. In their enter- tainment itineraries they usually took Ruth Wal- ton with them as accom- panist. They not only sang on Clio programs and other programs at home, but they were fre- quently called to other places to sing at high school commencements, banquets,and other spec- ial occasions where that kind of entertainment was desired. They some- times went to the charges of some of the student pastors and gave a real entertainment lasting through a whole evening. Several of them could do solo work, while Miss Dee and Miss Walton fine:s fur uadie:s. No apurn, r cent.. Hat with flouri er fcthcrs. i cts. Ear rings (plate) i cent. Eoar rings (dimund) 2 cts. Wool dress (old) 2 cts. Triracd apurn. 2 cts. Gold fr.iun glasses, 2 cts. Finger rings (dimund) 3 cts. Wool dress (new) 5 cts. Bokey ' (koisaigs) 3 cts. Hokey (hand) $1.00. ct. I ct. each sigar. Pipes fe.xenipl Watches (not Wat.erberry) 1 ct. .Slove pipe hat. i ct. Chuiiig gum m ineetin, i ct. Klerical ties, I ct. Ken ying a kane, 1 ct. Stand up kolkrs, 3 cts Patent Icther shuse, 2 cts. |Died mnstash. 4 cts Button whole bokey, 1 ECKSTReS, 1 Lcxunearun, 2 sense. Fluitin, 3 sense. This 1 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' sense. Spoonin, 25 sense. Tellin sekrits, hi sense. Tliree Hundred iinJ Fourteen MC KENDREE gave variety to the entertainment with readings. They also broadcasted their songs over the radio from station KSD of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. After some of these girls had left college, they were reassembled for special occasions at times and even after they were all gone from the ranks of the active members of Clio, they were called back to sing at Clio reunions. But now that two of them are mar- ried and Mrs. Lois Dee Dolley lives in California, it is im- practicable to reassemble them for any ordinary occasion. In the constitution of Clio, the purpose of the organiza- tion is said to be for the literary and social development of its members. Therefore, at one time some ot its members, at least, regarded the annual banquets and other social organ- izations of as great importance as the literary work. Ordi- narily It requires no urging to get the Clios to participate in social fu nctions; but one year some of the girls objected to what seemed to them to be certain extravagances of the banquet committee and announced their intention to not attend the banquet at all. The society had no power to compel them to go, but they were required by a vote of the society to patronize the affair to the extent of buying one ticket, under penalty of a tine which would much more than buy a banquet ticket. So even the Clios have had their little disagreements at times. On one occasion there was a difference ot opinion so Hope March ' ind Edna Can-igiis. 1. Tnsiriimental Trio Misses Etiiyle and Tate Douche INVOCATION. 2. Piano Qua-lo ' Imps and Sprites at Work Phoebe Lewis, Kathtryn Lehman, txtiiie esold. Sadie Gelly. 3. Hecitalion . . • ' The Old SeillPr ' s Story Eva H. Burton. 4. Oration . .- The March of Liberty My.-llc T. Loj-. r . Vocal Solo Selected Effle B. McKinney. K. Recitation ' I ' he Martyrs of the Maine Carrie M-. .Magee. 7. Oration. Night Brinsrs Out t ie Stars Lizzie O. Kirk. 5. Recitation Jimmy Brown ' s Prompt Obedience Myrtle A. Griffen. 9. Vocal Solo Selected V. Estella Spies. 10. Oration - Leadership ' ' Ina B. Anderson, 11. Recitation The Schoolmaster ' s Gue.sts Katheryn I. Lehman. 12. Clio Quartet .lack and .lill JUNE 7 - 1898 Facsimile of Clio programme Three Hundred and Fifteen . : s: sharp as to cause certain members to threaten to withdraw and start a new girls society in competition with Cho. But that trouble was smoothed over and Clio still has the whole field among the women at McKendree. An interesting glimpse of Clio is found m a 19 lo copy of the McKendree Headlight which describes in detail how an ordinary session is held. We quote it here: ' ' Clio! Clio! ' resounds through the hall and even out on the campus on Friday afternoon, and we recognize the voice of our new janitor, Abbie Walrath. The girls flock into the hall, and then assisted by Harriet Carlin, she closes and locks the door in the face of all men. Then the girls are very still, and our worthy president, Addie Louden, says the customary but useless word, ' Will the society please come to order? Next, with Mabel McCormack at the piano, the girls sing some old familiar song, that they all know. After that there is the reading of the Scriptures and prayer by Nellie Loy, the new chaplain. The regular program follows. Over in the corner by the little table piled with letters is Flo Dougherty, the corresponding secretary. At the desk recording the pro- ceedings of the meeting we find Amy Turner. At the critics table are found two of the best critics in the society, Grace Harmon and Sadie McBride. The other new officers are vice-president Laura Burgard, and treasurer, Alice Loy. Amy Turner and Nellie Loy were delegates to the Y. W. C. A. at Shurtleff College last Friday and Saturday. We are making good use of the seniors this term and are often reminded that this is their last term. There are ten senior girls on Clio ' s roll, four in music and six in the regular course. Next year we expect many more girls on account of the new dor- mitory and the much-tilked-of course m Domestic Science. In 1910 Clio had fifty-six active members. In a paper presented at a Clio reunion in 1888, Mrs. Edith Flint Thrall, the first president, gives some interesting reminiscences concerning some of the early Clios. She speaks of Thekla Bernays, then of St. Louis, but now of New York City. She did not finish her college course, but nevertheless made her influence felt in literary circles wherever she lived. In later years she was housekeeper and companion for her bachelor brother, the famous surgeon, Dr. A. C. Bernays, who did the greater part of his remarkable work in St. Louis. When his health was failing, she accompanied him on long, and leisurely journeys abroad, and they lingered in favored climes like Italy and Japan for weeks or months in the hope that It would prolong his life. And when it was all over and she had cared for her distinguished brother to the end of his life, she then wrote and published his biography in a three hundred page book and presented a copy to the McKendree library. In recognition of her ability and achieve- ment, McKendree bestowed upon her the honorary degree of A. M. in 1902. Miss Elizabeth Holding spent some years after her grad- uation as a foreign missionary in South America, and after that she gave her energies to the work of the Deaconess Home in Chicago. She visited Clio once in the later years of her work and gave the Clio girls a great inspiration by her presence and her words. Her brother. Rev. Carlisle B. Holding, was for several years a member of the Southern Illinois Conference. He wrote a number of wholesome pieces of fiction for young people of the Epworth League age. Three Hundred and Sixie( ES s CHAPTER XXV. Preside?!! Whitwayns Adynimstrdtion IN iS86 there were marked changes made m the faculty. Dr. Swahlen left to enter a more inviting field. At the same time Dr. Deneen laid down the responsibilities which he had carried as a member of the McKendree faculty since 1856, and thus closed a career of thirty years of college work. However, the reason for this change in his case was the condition of his health rather than being weary of well- doing as a burden-hearer m the old institution which had long been dear to his heart — the institution from w-hich his father had graduated, from which he had graduated, and from which all his children had graduated, except the young- est, and she was then on the way to the degree which she received in 1890. Professor Waggoner left to accept a sim- ilar position in the Southwest Kansas College, at Winfield. Professor Harris, of the Mathematics Chair, left the work of the class room to return to the pastorate. Of the liberal arts faculty, only Professor Edwards was left. The Board had a gloomy session, and after much deliberation placed Rev. Edward A. Whitwam, A. M., in the president ' s chair and at the same time permitted him to take Professor Waggoner ' s place in the Science Department. Professor Ed- wards, who had been for a year Assistant Professor of Latin, became the Head Professor of both Latin and His- tory without any assistant at all. Rev. Edwin C. Ferguson, A. M., Ph. D., was secured for the Department of Greek and German, and Professor Albert G. Jepson, A. M., was placed in charge of the Department of Mathematics and Astronomy. Mrs. Whitwam, the president ' s wife, was made preceptress to assist in whichever department need- ed her most. Henry H. Horner continued m charge of the Law Department, which was so reduced that he needed no assistant, so the other law professors were dispensed with. Miss Jessie L Gates had charge of the Music Department, and Miss Emily Conant was Professor of Art. Oi ' these nine professors, all were new except Professor Edwards, and he had been with the institution only one year. The student body was reduced as well as the faculty. Conditions were discouraging in every way. The buildings were going into decay and there was no money to repair them. Students are not attracted toward an institution that IS on the decline, so there was a gradual exodus. Some ad- vised their friends not to go to McKendree. The enrollment for the year 1886-87 showed only thirty-three students m the college proper and fifty-four in the Preparatory Depart- ment. That was for the whole year. But in the spring term of that year the registration reached its lowest ebb. There were m that term, only thirty-five students enrolled in both college and preparatory. When commencement came, there were only two students receiving degrees m arts and science. Franklin Benjamin Carson received the degree of A. B. and Esther Viola Rockwell received a B. S. There were also three young men, two of whom had alrea dy received Bach- elor ' s degrees, who graduated from the Law Department and received the degree of LL B. However, these three men were not present at commencement. It was customary in those days for the graduates to deliver orations as a part of the graduating exercises. That year there were not enough graduates to make up a program. So several undergraduate students were placed on the program just to make it a respectable length. Mr. Whitwam was discouraged, and so was the Board. He refused to try to carry on for another year. It was difficult to find a president. But after casting about for some time, a head for the institution was found m the person of Rev. Isaiah ViUars, D. D., who was a man of mature experience in the pastorate, some recognition on the lecture platform, and was the author of several books. At that time there was much talk of the college closing its doors permanently for lack of means to finance it. There was a heavy mortgage on the property, and the holder talked of foreclosing. But when Dr. Villars agreed to take hold of the enterprise, John M. Chamberlin, Henry Seiter, and a few others of the friends of the college aroused a bit of enthusiasm, put up some money for repairs, made the students feel as tho there was still a future for the institu- tion, and the prospects for the next year began to look a little better. The graduating class for the year in which Mr. Whitwam had charge was as follows: FRANKLIN n. CARSON Franklin Benjamin Carson was born at Hoyleton. Illinois, October 10, 1866. His home was at Richview during the years he was at McKendree. He was a member of the Pla- tonian Society. He received the A. B. degree. After his graduation, he engaged in teaching and taught for a number of years in Chicago, where he has since resided. He is a member of the Methodist Church and unmarried. Three Hundred and Seventeen MRS. ESTHER ROf KWELL MAUCK Esther Viola Rockwell was born at Alhambra, Illinois, August 15, i86i. She entered McKendree in 1884 and re- ceived her B. S. degree in 1887. She was a member of Clio. Her sister and three brothers were all students in McKen- dree. Two of her brothers graduated. She taught school for a time and then was married to J. G. Young, of Pueblo, Colorado, in January, 1891. She was widowed by his death in June, 1898. Her second marriage was to Marshall Mauck, of Poseyville, Indiana, in February, 1904. Her home has been at Poseyville ever since. She has one son, James Wilson Young, born in 1897. She was reared in the Methodist Church, but is now a member of the Presbyterian. The law graduates of that year were Ira W. Foltz, Samuel Slade, and Fernando E. Torbut. As stated above, these men were not at the commencement of 1887. All except one had previously received Bachelor ' s degrees and their sketches are given elsewhere. There were also three D. D. degrees given that year: one to Rev. J. C. Buel, of the Michigan Conference; one to Rev. Thomas A. Eaton, a member of the Southern Illinois Conference and a graduate of McKendree. His sketch ap- pears elsewhere m this work. The ether was to Rev. James L. Wallar, who was born in Vermont in 1819. He entered the ministry in 1866 and after a long and useful career in the Southern Illinois Conference, died at Centralia in 1901. At the commencement of 1887, there was an address by Rev. Dr. Adna B. Leonard, who was long Missionary Sec retary of the Methodist Church. The following year he was a candidate for Governor of Ohio on the Prohibition ticket. He was a man of great influence in the Methodist Church and his son became a bishop. And another address was de- livered by Dr. Arthur Edwards, editor of the Northwestern Christian Advocate. The most of the faculty left at the close of this year, as it had the preceding. In order to get teachers at all, it became necessary to gi anntee the small salary which they promised to pay. That meant a strong probability of running the institution still further in debt, but it seemed the only practical way. The new faculty consisted of Rev. Isaiah ViUars, D. D., President, and Professors Albert G Jepson, Edwin C. Ferguson, William W. Edwards, and Ed ' ward B. Waggoner. The last two, who were graduates of McKendree, are already written up in this work. The others will be presented in the next chapter. Benson-Wood Library Three Hundred cnnl Eighteen MC KENDREE CHAPTER XXVI. President Villafs Administration ISAIAH ViLLARs was bom March 5, iSjg, in Clinton County, Ohio, and died at his home in New Lenox, lUinois, in June, 191 5. He came to lUinois in 18 8 and located at Catlin, in Vermillion County. When the war broke out he joined an Illinois regiment of volunteers and served his country faith- fully till the close of the war. He entered the ministry and joined the Illinois Con- ference in 186 ' ). His ministerial career cover- ed just a half century. His early education was very limited, but great industry and will-power, coupled with his native ability, enabled him to reach a prominent place in the work of the ministry. He was an ar- dent advocate of prohibition and a worker for the Anti- saloon League. He was well-received as a lecturer. His book entitled The Irrepressible Conflict was an able dis- cussion of the temperance question as it was related to pol- itics. His books, The Resurrection and Ministerial Mis- fits were in the field of Theology, rather than politics. Shortly before his death he published another interesting volume entitled Souvenirs of Friendship. From letters which he wrote himself, we have some interesting informa- tion about his becoming President of McKendree in 1887. On account of the deficiencies in his school education, he always hesitated to claim a place among those in high places. But his successful accomplishment of some of the hard tasks assigned to him by the Church attracted the attention of those who were looking for men who could do things. De Pauw University conferred upon him the degree of D. D., and the first he knew of it was when a friend called his attention to the announcement of it in a Chicago paper. When elected as President of McKendree, he was notified and then he came to look over the situation and decide whether he would accept. After a three-day investigation, he went to John M. Chamberlin, a member of the executive com- mittee and said, Mr. Chamberlin, after a thoro investiga- tion, I feel that I cannot accept the honor, much less the responsibility of the office. All right, replied Chamberlin, All we will have to do is to nail up the doors and windows of the old college and send out a notice that it will not be open to students this fall. For if the word goes out that after you were unanimously elected, and after looking over PRESIDENT VILLARS the situation you decline to accept, the only thing to do 15 to close the institution and let this be the end of its history. Well, said Dr. Villars, get the executive com- mittee together and let us talk this over. It V. 13 done. They met in the private office of Henry Seiter ' s bank. There were just three members of the committee, Chamberlain, Seiter, and Luther Brown. Dr. Villars spoke of some of the great presidents McKendree had had in the days of yore — Merrill, Wentworth, Cobleigh, Allyn, Locke. He said, Those are the men that have made McKendree great and no other kind will do. Henry Seiter said, We want that kind again. Said Dr. Villars, If that is the kind you want, they come by prayer. Let us pray. They got on their knees in the banker ' s office and Dr. Villars prayed. In telling of it after- ward, he said, I do not know what I said, but I opened my heart as freely and my voice as loudly as I ever did at a camp-meeting, and when we arose from our knees, I noticed that Henry ' s eyes needed his handkerchief, and ' by that sign ' I was conquered. When Henry wept, I surrendered, and said, ' Gentlemen, I accept. ' Again Henry put his hand- kerchief to his face and shouted thru his tears, ' Gentlemen, the old college will go ' Immediately Dr. Villars took the field in Southern Illinois and told the story of McKendree and what she could do for the youth of Methodism if only they would come and accept her services. One of his addresses that he delivered many times was entitled What God hath joined together, let no man put asunder. The title was attractive to young people because it suggested an interesting event. The point he made in the lecture was that the head and heart belong together, religion and education should be found in the same college, therefore you should go to a church college like McKendree, instead of one of the state schools. Of course there was much ill-feeling and prejudice to over- come, and one man could not cover the whole field in one season. When school opened there was a gratifying increase in the enrollment. Still it was not large enough to produce sufficient income to pay expenses. But the faculty all had the spirit of sacrifice and of hard work. The students recog- nized this and began to catch it themselves. Dr. Villars went into the ckiss room and taught the classes in moral philosophy. He had had no experience in that line. Ac- cording to the theories of modern education, his methods were not up to standard, but as far as results in character building were concerned, he was very efficient. After his best efforts in the iirst summer, the enrollment in college and preparatory together did not reach a hundred. The next summer he started out with this goal in view. Mr. Seiter told him whenever he got a hundred on the roll, he might come down and hold a prayer-and-praise meeting m his bank. The hundred was not reached the first week, but in those days, students from the farm often waited till after the wheat was sown before they could leave home. The first week in October the hundred mark was reached and passed. Dr. Villars explained the situation in chapel and said he would like to invite all the students to the meeting, but as there was not room at the bank for so many, he had to restrict the invitation to members of the faculty. So they went down to the bank one day at the noon hour and held the meeting. That was the second prayer meeting that was held in Mr. Seiter ' s bank. The Board was very anxious to stop the .mnual deficit, so a resolution was passed providing that the Board would not be obligated for the payment of the salaries beyond the amount of the fiscal and endowment funds, after the other necessary running expenses had been paid. And, in order that there might be a better chance of paying in full, the president was relieved entirely from teaching work, that he might do more field work, soliciting students and raising endowment, and incidentally was to raise his own salary of $1,500, in order that it might not have to be paid out of the fees collected at the college. That left the president ' s income entirely problematical. It was a fair salary at that time, if he could raise it, but if he did not succeed in collect- ing it, he would never receive it. The first year that Dr. Villars was at McKendree, he suffered a severe bereavement in the death of his wife, who was a very estimable woman, not only a church worker, but a pulpit worker and lecturer of real merit. In fact, some thought that on the public plat- form, she was the equal or superior of her husband. He had no children except a married son, so after her death, Dr. VilLirs did not try to miintam a home of his own m Leb.mon. Therefore the idea of living in the college are.i here and there did not discourage him when it was first presented. But soon after the college year opened, he was married to Mrs. W. C. Dickson, who was the widow of a Methodist preacher who had died about ten years before. This change m his state of life put a different face on the question of his support as college president. With only him- self to support, he might collect his own salary, or get along without it if he did not collect it. But with a home to main- tain and a family to support, it was another matter. Accord- ingly, he resigned his position without warning and left the college without a president and without a field agent. It did not affect the work of instruction in the college, as he had already been relieved of all teaching duties. Dr. Albert G. Jepson, the vice-president, assumed control and performed the duties of the president in a very acceptable manner for the remainder of the year. .ALBERT G. JEPSON, PH D. Albert Gillette Jepson was born in Hammond, New York, June 2, 1S42. He graduated from the Wesleyan, at Middle- town, Connecticut, where so many of McKendree ' s early presidents and professors were educated, in the class of 1869. For some years he was engaged in the drug business m Muskegon, Michigan, afterward entering the teaching profession, and came to McKendree in 1886, when she was in great need of help. He was a man of high moral ideals and very active in religious work. He took hold of the work in McKendree with the same spirit of zeal and sacrifice that some of the fathers had shown in the early days. With the help of his efficient wife, he lived on the small salary which McKendree paid him, and maintained his family of five daughters and enabled them to secure an education. They were all students in McKendree and all graduated except the youngest, who accidentally lost her life while a student there. He spent ten of the best years of his life in McKen- dree, and spared neither time nor strength in his efforts to promote the interests of the students whom it was his great desire to serve. After his connection with McKendree ceased, he taught for a time in the Orchard City College, at Flora, Illinois, and later m the East St. Louis High School. His death from pneumonia occurred in East St. Louis in February, iQoo. He was buried in College Hill Cemetery. PROF. EDWIN C. FERGUSON, PH. D. One of the most scholarly and saintly men ever on the McKendree faculty was Dr. E. C Ferguson. He was a product of the old New England Puritan stock, and was educated at the University of Vermont, where he received the degree of A. B. in 1869, and the Master ' s degree in 1S72. He did his graduate work in Boston University, where he received the B. D. from the School of Theology in 1874, ,ind Ph. D. from the graduate school in 1879. From 1874 to 1879 he was a member of the New England Conference in Three Hundred and Twenty MC KENDREE the regular work of the ministry. He then turned to educa- tional work, and coming out to Illinois, he taught L.itin, Greek and German m the Chaddock College, at Quincy, until 1886. He then came to McKendree, where he taught Greek and German until 1890, when he went to the Athens Tennessee School of the U. S. Grant University. Later the name was changed to University of Chattanooga, and the Athens School was known as Tennessee Wesleyan. Here he taught Greek and Modern Languages for two years, and then his work was changed to Latin and History. This varied line of work indicates his unusual versatility. He seemed to be equipped for every line of duty to which he was called. He continued steadily at work without intermission until 1925, when on account of failing health, he retired from active work. He sought the restoration of his health for a few months in Florida and Asheville, N. C, and then went to Jacksonville, Illinois, which was Mrs. Ferguson ' s former home. Here his death occurred March 28, 1926. He was buried at Quincy. One of his associates at Athens said of him, He was rigidly faithful to every duty up to the time of his retirement and allowed nothing to prevent his attend ' ance upon his classes. He was loved and respected by all of his students through the years, as well as by all others who knew him. He was ever modest and retiring. He was quite content to be permitted to invest his life in endeavoring to give an upward touch to the young people with whom he came in contact. He asked nothing of the world except a place to serve. He so exemplified the teachings of the Master that his most effective teaching was by example, rather than precept. He made a similar impression upon his fellow-workers at McKendree. He was the author of several books. One was entitled An Aid to Greek at Sight. He had the same sacri- ficial spirit as the other professors who were in the McKen- dree faculty of that period. Further mention is made of him in the account of the college prayer meeting at McKendree • An extract from the report of the Ways and Means Com ' mittee at the Board meeting of 1889 gives some idea of the progress made during the early part of the ViUars adminis ' tration. We give it here: While we find a mortgaged debt of $3,314 and a deficit for the present year of $r,8oo, yet we are thankful it is no worse, and we are grateful for the flattering prospects for the future success of the college. Two years ago the insti- tution was turned over to the executive committee in a deplorable condition. Their was no money, no faculty, few students, and some of them in bad temper, writing home discouraging letters. The buildings and grounds were in bad condition. The trustees were discouraged. Rumors were afloat that the college must soon close forever, and ' Old McKendree ' will be no more. What have we today for our encouragement? A live, working faculty of Christian gentlemen; students more in number than we have had for several years and they are writing home cheering news. The prospects are flattering for a still larger increase m the attendance for next year. The trustees are taking courage. The buildings have been repaired, the fences rebuilt, grounds beautified, and rumors are afloat that ' Old McKendree ' is still alive and getting better. The last term of the year 1889-90 was characterized by a wonderful enthusiasm for improvement m the appearance of the buildings and grounds. The report of the committee to the Joint Board that year seems worthy of reproduction here. It was presented and adopted as follows; Your committee on buildings and grounds find it easy and pleasant to perform the duty assigned them. Easy, be cause your minds and hearts have already been delighted by the condition of things which we now briefly rehearse in your ears; and pleasant, because we may record the best condition of buildings and grounds ever known in the long and eventful life of this historic institution. This gratifying fact is true, not only in general, but also in detail. The park, with its elegant fence, its neatly trimmed trees, and its carpet of green, has become indeed a ' thing of beauty, and we hope it may continue to be a ' joy forever. ' The build- ings, always ample and commodious, have taken on a new dress, without and within, and in every hall and every room there is evidence of neatness, care, and good taste. This satis- factory showing has evidently been secured by the united efi orts of friends, faculty, and students. It is significant, and fitly expresses the spirit of 1890. Among many items that are observable, we mention as especially notable, the recent im ' provement and embellishment of the college chapel. Your eyes have beheld the transformation and no words from us are needed to gladden your hearts. We will, however, make and record honorable mention of the enterprise and gener- osity by which these results have been secured. The citizens of Lebanon, the Executive Committee, the Faculty, and the Students, deserve your thanks. The Senior Class and the Lit- erary Societies have been especially active and efficient in this work, and we take the liberty here and now to thank them one and all in your behalf. Three Hundred and TwentyO) : l s The veterans in the Board will doubtless call to mind some objects once familiar, but not now conspicuous. The recitation rooms are not festooned with cobwebs above, nor variegated below with a combination of free soil, coal oil, and tobacco juice. Possibly the Joint Board may share in the glory of this last. The walls, doors, and ceilings are not covered with hieroglyphics, readable and unreadable, some wise, mostly otherwise. The background of the campus is no longer noted for its cast-off stoves, rusty pipe, old boots and broken crockery. The stalwart and odoriferous jimpson weeds no longer enter into the college bouquet. The ghostly mullein stalk no longer stands sentinel at the corner of chapel or hall, and the festive cockle-burr has given place to the sweet- scented clover. It is sometimes hard to part with old associa- tions. ' Twas hard to part with these, especially the cockle- burrs. All hail to the new order! And long live McKendree ' Respectfully submitted, J. A. ScARRiTT, Chairman It will be observed that this report especially commends the activity of the senior class in the program of improve- ment. This class of 1890 was a rather remarkable aggregation for the size of it. It consisted of five young women, three of whom were daughters of McKendree professors, and the other two, daughters of McKendree trustees, and cousins to each other. Of the men, two were preparing to enter the field of law, and the other, the ministry. They were all full of zeal, and did good team work in the improvement enter- prise. They chose for their special tisk the purchase and installation of opera chairs for the center portion of the chapel, to displace a part of the old wooden benches which had done service ever since the chapel was built in 1858. They raised the money by giving public entertainments, by soliciting their friends, and in every honorable way they could devise. And when they delivered their commencement orations, they proudly addressed people sitting in chairs which their industry and enterprise had provided. An incident that occurred during the year Dr. Jepson had charge of affairs was the burial of Physics. The winter term closed in March, 1889, and the course in Physics, under Professor Waggoner, was completed. Some of the members of the class felt that as far as they were concerned. Physics was dead and ought to be buried. A meeting of the class was held outside of the regular class period, and plans were discussed and committees appointed to make all arrange- ments for a first-class funeral. J. L. Hobbs was appointed to be the undertaker, pall bearers were chosen and certain mem- bers were designated as chief mourners, but the list of names on the various committees has not been preserved But the day and hour was appointed for the funeral and to certain members was committed the responsibiHty of furnishing the corpse. These boys, with shameless disregard of the conse- quences, surreptitiously procured the Professor ' s text book for that purpose. A suitable box was secured for a coffin, with a glass window in the lid through which the remains Three Hundred and TwentyT |mc KENDREE : : .,,,,.,.. might be viewed. Preliminary to the funeral, the deceased lay in state on a black-draped bier in Plato Hall, where friends might quietly slip in and pay their respects. Promptly at 4 o ' clock P. M., according to previous arrangement, the procession tiled out of the hall, down the long flights of stairs, out onto the campus where the grave had been dug. The chief mourners were arrayed in costumes which would have been the envy of the hired mourners of the days of Jairus ' daughter. In the midst of great lamentation and demonstrations of grief, and much hilarity on the part of unsympathetic onlookers, the procession reached the grave- Before the casket was lowered, W. C. Walton, who had been appointed to deliver the funeral oration, mounted a convenient stump to deliver the eulogy. In the hush of expectation, he began his speech with an adaptation of the words of Mark Anthony m the presence of Caesar ' s dead body: Friends, McKendreans, Countrymen! Lend me your ears. I come to bury Physics, not to praise him. He then portrayed the long period of companionship many of those present had enjoyed (?) with the deceased (tears and groans) and how their devotion to him had led to long hours of strenuous toil and the burning of barrels of mid- night oil in the effort to get better acquainted, but now their hopes of future fellowship were suddenly blasted by the untimely death of the object of their devotion (groans and wailing by the mourners). After pausing for the wail- ing to subside, he proceeded to portray the brilliant pros- pects which Physics had and the hopes he might have indulged in, to eventually conquer the world when he had such followers as the members of this class. But now those hopes and ambitions are swept away by one tremendous blow of the hand of fate and Physics is dead (more wailing). After continuing in this strain for some minutes, the oration was concluded, the casket lowered in the grave under the careful direction of undertaker Hobbs and a mound of fresh earth was heaped over the sacred spot. The photographer, knowing the hour of the funeral, took advantage of the oppor- tunity to make a picture of the group, of which he sold many copies. Before many days there was a resurrection and Pro- fessor Waggoner received his Physics book whole and sound, although it had lam in the grave almost as long as Lazarus did. THE CLASS OF 1S88 REV. GEORGE BERNREUTER George Bernreuter was born at Nashville, Illinois, in the year 1861. He was a son of Dr. Conrad and Mrs. Catherine Bernreuter, who were both Germans. After receiving pre- liminary education in the home schools, he became a student in McKendree College, and having completed the Classical Course, he graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1888. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. After his graduation, he entered the ministry and spent the remainder of his life m that profession. He died at Tampico, Illinois, in 1934. He left a widow, Mrs. Edith Bernreuter, and two children, Gertrude and George, who now reside at Wood ' stock, Illinois. He was a Modern Woodman and a member of the Masonic Order. LEROY E. MILLER Leroy E. Miller was a student in the Literary Department of the college for several terms and then took the Law Course. He finished it in 1888 and received the degree of LL. B. He taught school for a number of years both before and after his graduation. He was for some time principal of the Lebanon schools. He practiced law for some years in Chicago, and for some ye irs has been located in Minneapolis, Minn. ' PROF. CHARLES L. MANNERS Charles L. Manners was born at Highland, Illinois, June 6, i860. His father, Joseph C. Manners, was born in Indiana; while his mother, Susan E. Proctor, was a native of Illinois. In 1866 he moved to East St. Louis, which has been his home since then to the present time. He became a student in McKendree in September, 1886, and graduated from the Law Department in 1888, receiving the degree of LL. B. Although he received a legal education, he has devoted his life to educational work. After three years in a book store, he began teaching, first in the country, then in the city schools, where after various promotions, he became Principal of the East St. Louis High School from which he had grad- uated in 1877. After twenty-seven years of service in this position, he accepted the principalship of the Webster school, where his duties would be less taxing. He was married June 25, 1885, to Miss Susan Rachel Farris, of East St. Louis Their children are Laura M. (now Mrs. Elmer Overlin), Jennie E., Susie E., and Charles F. Professor Manners was for many years a member of the First M. E. Church and an active worker in various lines of church and Sunday School work. He has been P. G. of Golden Rule Lodge No. 374, I. O. O. F., and Patriarch in Harmony Encampment, No. 102, 1. O. O. F. He died Sept. 29, 191J. REV JAMES W MORRIS, PH. D. James Walter Morris was born in the state of Missouri, in the year 1859. His preliminary education was received at Carleton College, Farmington, Mo. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1884 and graduated in June, 1888, with the Three Hundred and Tw MC KENDREE :: : .. .. . degree of A. B. In 1890 he received the degree of A. M., as a result of graduate work done in connection with Mc- Kendree. He also did one year of graduate work in Philosophy under Dr. Bowne, at Boston University. He was granted the degree of Ph. D. on examination by Taylor University. While at McKendree, he was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was received into the Southern Illinois Conference in 1883 and transferred to the California Con- ference in 1888. From there he was transferred to the New England Conference in 1896 and served as pastor at Brockton and Lynn, Massachusetts. He was elected President of the Montana Wesleyan University in 1901. After three years in this institution, he was transferred to the West Nebraska Conference and was pastor at North Platte and Gothenburg. In 1910 he was appointed Superintendent of Holdrege Dis- trict. He represented his conference in the General Confer- ence of 1912, and was leader of the delegation. He is a mem- ber of the Masonic Order. He is now retired and lives at VictorviUe, California. DANIEL G. RAMSAY Daniel G. Ramsay was born near Martinsville, Illinois. He is the son of William and Eliza Ramsay. After receiving preliminary training in the public schools, he entered Mc- Kendree College and graduated from the Law Department, receiving the degree of LL. B., June 7, 1888. He has followed the profession of law and has done special service in various cipacities. He was a member of the thirty-seventh General Assembly of the Illinois Legislature, having been elected in 1891. From 1894 to 1897 he was Assistant State ' s Attorney of Cook County. He was a candidate for Judge of the Super- ior Court of Cook County in 1912 and lacked only a few votes of being elected. At present he is Assistant State ' s Attorney of Cook County. He is past president of the order of Railroad Telegraphers. He was married October 10, 1894, to Miss Estella Humes Watson, of Vinton, Iowa. They have two children — Samuel Watson and Estella Kathleen. THE CLASS OF 18S9 REV. GEO. W. BABCOCK, PH. D , D D. George Washington Bibcock was born at C.ipe M ly. New Jersey, August 11, 1862. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1890, receiving the degree of A. B. He also took a year and a half of post graduate work in the sams institution. He took a non-resident course in Philosophy in McKendree and received the degree of Ph. D. in 1894. He received the degree of D. D. from Dickinson College in 1911. He was married July 8, 1890, to Miss Lydia R. Hubbs, of Bridgeton, New Jersey They have one daughter, Helen Os- borne Babcock, born m 1901. Mr. Babcock ' s professional career has been in the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church He is a member of the Philadelphia Conference. He has held some of the leading pastorates in that conference and is now pastor of Centenary Church, Philadelphia, which is one of the most important in that city. In 191 3 he was president of the Methodist Episcopal Social Union of Phil- adelphia and vicinity. He is a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, and of the Masonic Order. CHAS. B. CARROLL Charles B. Carroll was born in Wood River Township, Madison County, Illinois, September 19, 1856. His father, John B. Carroll, was a European war veteran and a member of the famous Light Brigade which made the heroic charge at Balaklava in the Crimean War. Charles B. attended the old Sand Ridge School and was called upon to make the fiftieth anniversary speech for the old school when the new big school at Wood River had its opening. He came to East St. Louis in 1871, and learned the printing business at the Gazette office. He taught school for a year, and then went to McKendree and studied law. He graduated in 1889, re ceiving the degree of LL. B. He then began the practice of law in East St. Louis, in which business he is still engaged. He was elected City Attorney of East St. Louis in 1891 and served four years. He published the first City Directory of East St. Louis, and published others till 1905, when he sold out to the Gould Directory people of St. Louis. He was mar- ried in 1880, to Miss Mary Barron, of St Louis. They have an interesting family of six children. Mr. Carroll and his family are members of the Catholic Church. He now resides in St. Louis. S. BARTLETT KERR Seward Bartlett Kerr was born at Burnham, Maine, Oc- tober 18, 1863, but during the greater portion of his life his home has been where it is now, at Metropolis, Illinois. His parents, David and Addie C. Kerr, were both Americans. He took the Law Course in McKendree, graduating in 1889 with the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married December 22, 1889, to Miss Eva Gowan. They have two children — Virgil and Harriet. Since his graduation, Mr. Kerr has been engaged in the practice of law in Metropolis, Illinois, and has en- joyed the confidence of his fellow citizens, as evidenced by the fict that he has constantly held one or more elective offices. He has been City Attorney of Metropolis, City Clerk, Circuit Clerk of Massac County, member of the Illi- nois Legislature, Supervisor of the Census for the loth Illinois Three HiuiJred and Twenty-Four MC KENDREE District 111 1910, Mtister in Chancery six years, Public Guardian and Public Administrator each seven years, mem- ber of the Board of Education, and has held other minor offic- es. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and of the three fraternal orders, namely; K. of P., I. O. O. F., and I. O. R. M. HATTIE H HORNER Hattie Hypes Horner was born in Lebanon, Illinois, in the year 1868. She is the eldest daughter of Henry Hypes Horner, who was a member of McKendree ' s first graduating class, and thus belongs to a family which has been prominent in McKendree ' s history ever since its founding. She grad- uated in 1889, receiving the degree of A. B. She was the valedictorian of her class. She has identified herself with a number of church circles and literary organizations. A dis tinguished line of ancestors makes her eligible to membership in the D. A. R. organization. Her home has always been in Lebanon. ETHAR E- LEWIS Ethar E. Lewis became a student in McKendree in 1885, and soon after, a member of the Platonian Society. He en ' rolled from Hamletsburg. He was quiet, inoffensive, studious- He took both the Law and the College Course. He finished the former in 1888 and received the degree of LL- B. He fin- ished the Scientific Course in 1889 and was granted the degree of B. S. Tho he had qualified for the vocation of the law, professional life did not appeal to him very strongly, and he did not follow professional work to any great extent. The latest information we have states that he was farming at New Liberty, Illinois. JOSEPH D. ROCKWELL Joseph Dorsen Rockwell was born near Alhambra, Mad- ison County, LlinDis, July 4, 1863. He is the second son of G. W. and Catherine Rockwell, who were long time residents of that community. He attended the public schools and then entered McKendree, where he graduated in the class of 1889, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philo- sophian Literary Society. After his graduation, he engaged in teaching. He was for many years a member of the faculty of the Lebanon High School and was for two years principal of that school. He was also for some years principal of the Brighton (111.) High School. After a long career of successful teaching, he retired to engage in farming in the vicinity of his old home at Alhambra, where he now resides. He was married August 29, 1894, to Miss Nelle E. Beedle, of O ' Fal- lon, who died a few years later, leaving one son, Jean H. Rockwell, who still lives with his father. Mr. Rockwell is a Methodist and a Republican, but does not belong to any secret order. LARKEN A. ROCKWELL Larken A. Rockwell was born at Alhambra, Illinois, Feb ruary i, 1866. After finishing the public schools, he entered McKendree and graduated in the class of 1889, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Liteniry Society. After graduation, he was employed for a number of years m business in Chicago. He was at the same time much interested in religious work, was admitted to the Methodist ministry and served with good success as pastor of several churches in the city of Chicago; but at length he yielded to a long felt call to return to the business world. He IS now engaged m the real estate business in Kansas City, Mo. He IS an expert on leases and land values. Besides being a member of the Methodist Church, he belongs to the Ma- sonic Order. He was married in 1892 to Miss Eva Ruff, of Lebanon, who was his fellow student at McKendree. Their children are Raymond C, born October 7, 1893, and Esther Lucile, born February 21, 1896. Mrs. Rockwell died in 1897. Some years later he was married to his present wife. JEAN F. WEBB, JR. Few McKendreans have had a more interesting career than Jean Francis Webb, Jr., of New York City. He was born in Lebanon, March i, 1869 and was educated in the Lebanon Public Schools and McKendree College. He was deeply inter- ested in all college activities, whether athletic or literary. He was a loyal Philo, a leader in base ball, the organizer and captain of the first foot ball team that ever officially repre- sented McKendree, and was a member and business managet of the McKendree Glee Club He graduated in the class of 1889, receiving the degree of A. B. and later A. M. In 1893, he received the degree of LL B. from Washington Univer sity. Though legally qualified as a lawyer he never confined his energies to the practice of law. He taught school in Summerfield, then engaged in the operation of coal properties JEAN WEBB, JR. in Texas, then went to California and for two years was con ' nected with the gold mining industry, then for six years he was engaged in the same line of business in Colorado, during which time he assisted in the introduction and establishment of the pneumatic cyanide process of gold extraction. Since 1905 he has been actively engaged in the field of automatic Three Hundred and Twentv-Fn __ . M KENDREE : :.... .. train control. This has really been his life work. He is the inventor of many devices for the safety of train traffic. The number reaches almost a hundred. He has taken out many patents, not only at Washington, D. C, but in all the coun- tries in the world having any appreciable railroad mileage, on the apparatus known as the Webb automatic train con, trol . Mr. Webb is the secretary-treasurer of the Interna- tional Signal Company, with offices in the Grand Central Terminal, New York City, which makes and sells this safety device. He frequently represents the company as a lawyer in hearings before the Interstate Commerce Commission, as well as in drawing legal documents and contracts. He also supervises the selling campaigns and looks after the interests of the company in general. He was married December 30, 1908 to Miss Ethel HamiU Morrison of Denver, Colorado. They have one son, Jean Francis Webb, III, who is now a college student. They re- side in White Plains, a suburb of New York City. THE CLASS OF 1890 ROBERT J. BROWN Robert John Brown was born July 16, 1864, m Venice, Illinois. He graduated in 1890, receiving the degree of LL. B. He engaged in the practice of law in Venice, Illinois and for four years was State ' s Attorney of Madison County. He was married July 16, 1891, to Miss Mabel J. Paul, of Venice. Of this marriage there were three children — Robert J., Ralph E.,and Charlotte. He died at his home in Venice, April 8, 1910. MRS. IDA BURTON HAMMEN Ida May Burton was born at Trenton, Illinois, December 28, 1868. She is the oldest daughter of John and Helen J. Burton, her father being of English descent. She graduated from McKendree in the class of 1890, receiving the degree of B. S., and in 189J, M. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married October 19, 1893, to Dr. E. C. Hammen, who was then practicing dentistry in No- komis, Illinois, but a few years later moved to Lebanon, where he continued his practice till 1908, when they moved to Redlands, California where they now reside and where the doctor is still practicing his profession. They have one son, Lewis Burton Hammen, who was born in Lebanon, April 21, 1904. Mrs. Hammen is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and was an active worker in the Sunday School and other church activities before her marriage, and has continued these since, so far as her other obligations would permit. FLORENCE DENEEN Florence Deneen, youngest daughter of Dr. Samuel H. and Mary Ashley Deneen, was born at Lebanon, Illinois, December 30, 1870. At the age of sixteen she became a student in McKendree where her father was a member of the faculty for thirty years. She was a prominent member of the Clionian Society. She graduated from college in the class of 1890, receiving the degree of B. S. After her grad- uation, she taught in the public schools of Lebanon for two and a half years, and since that time in Chicago, where she is still engaged in educational work. She has devoted several summers to graduate work and has sometimes carried courses during the school year. She is at present assistant principal of the John P. Altgeld School of Chicago. She has taken an active interest in educational matters and is now an officer in three teachers ' organizations. She has devoted much time to the subject of pensions for teachers. She has also taken an active interest in the Daughters of the American Revo- lution and has been a member of several important com- mittees in that organization. She has travelled extensively in the United States and spent one summer m Europe. GENEVIEVE JEP50N Julia Genevieve Jepson was born at NorthviUe, Michigan, June 11, 187 1. She is a daughter of Professor Albert G. Jepson and Mrs. Nina (Ormiston) Jepson, who were both natives of New York State. Her father was of English and her mother of Scotch ancestry. She became a student in McKendree in 1886 and graduated in 1890, receiving the degree of A. B., and later, A. M. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. During most of the years since her graduation she has been engaged in the profession of teaching. She was for a time tutor in McKendree, and has been employed in high school work in Flora, East St. Louis, and Alton; she now teaches in the East St. Louis High School. She is a member of the First M. E. Church at East St. Louis and an active worker in the Sunday School. MRS. MARY JONES MORRISS Mary A. Jones was born in Lebanon, Illinois, December 8, 1870. Her parents were Prof. Oliver V. Jones, who was born in Kentucky, and Mary E. (Crocker) Jones, who was a native of Massachusetts. She was first enrolled as a student in McKendree in the spring term of 1886 and graduated June 5, 1890, receiving the degree of A. B. She also spent a year in Syracuse University and is a graduate of the Na- tional Summer School of Music, of Chicago. Her father was for many years a Professor in McKendree, and also a member of the Southern Illinois Conference. While in McKendree, Three Hundred and TwentyS x she was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She is a member ot the Methodist Church, having held her mem- bership m the Lebanon church for twenty years before moving to St. Louis. In that city she has been a member and an officer in some of the leading musical clubs and the D. A. R.; also a member of the Kappa Kappa Gamma Alumni Association. Before her marriage she taught in the Lynn School, in the country, near Lebanon; also in the Lebanon Public School. She was married December 17, 1891, to Her- bert S. Morriss, of Lebanon. A few years later they moved to St. Louis. They have no children. For some years she taught vocal music in St. Louis; and has been director of singing societies and soprano soloist in various churches. Some years ago, because her health required a change of climate, she went to Colorado to live. For the past several years her home has been at Colorado Springs. MRS. NELLIE LEHMAN FAULKNER Nellie Florence Lehman was born at Lebanon, Illinois, May 28, 1869. She is a daughter of John H. and Mary (Bur- ton) Lehman, who are both native Americans, though the father ' s ancestors were German and the mother ' s English. She was reared in Lebanon, attended the public schools, and then took the full college course, graduating in 1890 with the degree of B. S., and later received that of M. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. After graduation, she became a teacher in the Lebanon public schools and con- tinued in this work for thirteen consecutive years. She was married July 9, 1907, to John S. Faulkner, of Johnson County, Illinois. They now reside in Lebanon, Illinois. Mrs. Faulkner has been an active member and worker in the Methodist Church since the time of her girlhood. ROBERT STEELE Robert Steele was born on a farm m Jasper County, Illi- nois, February 14, 1865. His parents were Robert and Jennie (Forsyth) Steele, who were of Scotch-Irish descent, but both natives of Ireland. They came to America in early life, were married at Keokuk, Iowa, in i860, and reared six children. Robert entered college in 1884 and joined the Philosophian Society. After one year he returned to the farm and school teaching. In 1889, he re-entered college and graduated in the class of 1890, receiving the degree of B. S. During the next three years after graduation, he served as principal of public schools at O ' Fallon and Belleville, Illinois, and read law at the same time, in connection with the Law Department of McKendree. In 1895, he graduated from the Law Depart- ment as valedictorian of the class, receiving the degree of LL. B., and at the same time, the degree of M. S. In 1894 he went to Chicago, where he practiced law for some years, .md then moved to Cordell, Oklahoma, where he has since been engaged as a Bonded Abstractor of Land Titles. On May 16, 1906, he was married to Miss Kate Lee, at Cordell, Okla., who comes of the well known Lee family of Virginia. To them was born one son, who lived only five months. Mr. Steele has served his home city as Mayor for three years, dur- ing which time the electric light plant was installed, the water system enlarged, and many other public improvements made. He is a member of the Methodist Church South and has been active m church ,ind Sunday School work for many ROBERT STEELE years. REV. SHERMAN P. YOUNG Sherman Pomeroy Young was born December 26, 1867, at Woodburn, Macoupin County, Illinois. His parents were John Henry and Sarah E. Young, who were both native Americans. He grew up in Illinois, and after receiving the usual training m the public schools, entered McKendree in 1886. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He graduated in the class of 1890, receiving the degree of A. B. He also received from his alma mater the degree of A. M. in 1892 and Ph. D. in 1896. He did post-graduate work m several institutions and received the degree of B. D. from Yale and S. T. B. from Boston University. He received the honorary degree of D. D. from the Ohio Wesleyan Uni- versity. He entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church before he had finished his college course, and for a time belonged to the Southern Illinois Conference, but has since belonged to several different conferences. Among the important charges he has served are: Salem, lUinois; Lake Geneva, Wis.; Summerfield Church, Milwaukee; Broadway Church, Dayton, Ohio; Mt. Auburn Church, Cincinnati; and First Church, Beaver, Penn. He was married in 1898, to Miss Bessie Thompson, daughter of Rev. Dr. J. B. Thomp- son, who was a member of the Southern Illinois Conference. They have four children. He is a thirty-second degree Ma- son and belongs to the Shrine. He travelled in Europe dur- ing the summer of 1913. For some years he has been a mem- ber of Dr. Hancher ' s organization to raise money for colleges and other religious institutions. CHAPTER XXVII. President Herdmans Administration yy I ' HEN DR. HERDMAN became ill president in 1890, there were no other important changes in the fac- ulty. Tho there was some readjustment of the teaching work, since Dr. Herdman was to be a teacher as well as president, while Dr. ViUars had been relieved of class room work before he left the college. He had long been a member of the Board and was well- acquainted with the ideals of the institution. He was himself a man of the highest Christian ideals, and had long been in the business of guiding young people in the higher things of life. Thomas Hanson Herdman was born July 8, 1829, at Noblestown, Pennsylvania, twelve miles from Pitts- burg. His father was of Scotch-Irish and his mother of English descent. Thomas was one ofthe six children ofthe family that grew to maturity. In 1848 he entered Muskingum College, at New Concord, Ohio, where he remained for three years. Later he attended Madison College, at Antrim, Ohio, where he received his A. B. degree in 1856. In after years he received two degrees from McKendree — A. M. in 1876 and D. D. in 1889. After his graduation, he made teaching his profession for some years. He was Superintendent of Schools at Green- field, Ohio for eight years. In 1864 he entered the Cincinnati Conference and served one year as pastor of Highland Cir- cuit. About that time he was unexpectedly called to Mount Vernon, Illinois, on some important business, and while there was elected President of Mt. Vernon Seminary, which position he accepted and held for four years. He then re- sumed the work ofthe ministry in the Southern Illinois Con- ference, where the remainder of his life was spent. He served a number of the important charges, such as Vandalia, Mt. Carmel, and Effingham, and one term as presiding elder of the Lebanon District. He was twice pastor at Lebanon and lived at Lebanon while on the district, while president of the college, and after his retirement. So that his home was in Lebanon altogether for a period of thirty-five years. After his three years as President of McKendree, he served as Dean of the Theological and Post-graduate Departments until 1898 . He then served nearby charges and still lived in Lebanon for a few years. In 1902 he was appointed Conference Historian for the Southern Illinois Conference, which appointment he REV. T. H. HERDMAN held until his retirement in 191 1. While in this office, he copied with his own hands the minutes of the Illinois Conference from its or- ganization in 1824 until the establishment of the Southern Illinois in 1852. Besides that great task, he wrote a history of Illinois Methodism prior to the formation of the Illinois Confer- ence, and he collected much historical mater- ial for the use of the future historian of the Southern Illinois Conference. None of this work was published because of lack of funds. He was a delegate to the General Confer- ence of 1880 which met in Cincinnati. He was married September 29, 1852, to Miss Celia Joseph, of Chandlersville, Ohio. She died Jan- uary 5, 1869. He was married to Miss Eliza H. Peck, at Duquoin, Illinois, December 20, 1870. Her death occurred Feb. 4, 191 5, only a brief period before his own, which occurred April 8, 1916. Dr. Herdman ' s position was not always a bed of roses while he was president. The attendance of students was maintained about the same, but the chief difficulties were financial ones. There was a mortgaged debt against the col- lege of $5,500 and the holder was demanding payment and threatening foreclosure. It was Dr. Herdman ' s task to keep this creditor pacified and thus postpone foreclosure until in some way the money could be raised to clear the debt. This he did with great adroitness, tho his efforts to raise the money were not successful. During all the time of Dr. Herd- man ' s term, the chapel services were held in what was known as the study hall. This was the building formerly known as the Athleteon. During the years when the enrollment ran low. It did not seem worth while to use the chapel which was large enough for five hundred for the assembly place of less than a hundred, especially in the winter when it had to be heated. So the Athleteon, which had never appealed very strongly to the student body in general, probably because they did not have a director of physical training, was fitted with school desks and used by the students as a place ot study when not attending classes. There were accommoda- tions for one hundred. For a number of years the chapel ser- vices were held in this study hall. The faculty felt that since there were no dormitories and there was no reading room connected with the library, that this study hall was a great MC KENDREE convenience to the students. There were no dormitories and some of the students roomed at boarding houses possibly a half mile from the college. They needed a place to study or wait between classes. There was always a professor m charge of the hall to maintain order, and sometimes he conducted a recitation at the same time. This was somewhat of a distrac- tion to some of the students. The chapel exercises were held at eight o ' clock and recitations began immediately following. The faculty felt that it was profitable for students not in class to spend the time in study, each at his own individual desk m the study-hall. Then a plan was devised by the faculty whereby each student was expected to put in at least two hours each evening m his own room. Then each student was required to attend chapel each morning and church twice on Sunday. It was customary for the president to call the roll every Monday morning and each student whose attend- ance at church and chapel for the week previous had been perfect and who had observed the evening study hours, would answer, Five-two-ten. Or if his record fell short, he was to respond accordingly. The study hour proposition was resented by many of the students and that portion of the plan was abandoned, but the church and chapel record was kept for years and grades recorded for each student in those subjects, the same as for Latin or Mathematics. The church and chapel attendance are still nominal requirements of all regular students unless officially excused, which may be done when there are good reasons. In the days of the study-hall chapel, there was an organ in the room and a chapel choir made up of students, and some times special music was rendered m a very creditable manner. The major- ity of the faculty were preachers and all took turns in con- ducting the devotions. There were seme interesting meetings held in that hall before it was cut up into smaller rooms for the benefit of the Science Department. In Dr. Villars ' day there was once a Thanksgiving service held there. A week beforehand. Dr. Villars issued a challenge to the students and faculty, agreeing to sing a song in chapel if any other member of the chapel assembly would furnish either a mus- ical or rhetorical number. The students all let the week slip by, but on the last morning Professor Edwards came forward with an essay on the subject of Thanksgiving, beginning with the fifteen day thanksgiving decreed by Julius Caesar in celebration of a victory over the Helvetians. Then Dr. Villars came forward, and with powerful voice, sang the Battle Hymn of the Republic. He was not a trained singer but he sang with feeling, and with great acceptability to a group of students. In this room m 1890 was held the last meeting of the organization known as the College Association. Its osten- sible purpose was to give a public entert.unment each year m celebration of Washington ' s birthday. The performers in this entertainment were to be representatives of each of the literary societies and the Law Department But the real pur- pose was to give opportunity for a contest of popularity between the literary societies at the election of officers. A Philo and a Plato were nominated for president. Each re- ceived the full vote of his own society and the one who could draw the most votes from Clio would be elected. On the occasion referred to, a question of representation on the entertainment program arose. It happened at that time that every member of the Law Department belonged to Philo. The Platos claimed that the plan to be followed would give Philo a double representation. To this they objected. Then much fiery oratory went to waste and much ill feeling was engendered. After the stormy session had lasted till the hour for adjournment had arrived, the meeting adjourned with the understanding that anct ' aer session should be held at the call of the president to complete the business. But to avoid a repetition of the clash of sentiment and hot words between the members of the two societies, the president refused to call another meeting and the organization died a natural death. In this hall it was customary to meet on the last morning or afternoon of each term to hear the reading of grades. Visitors were often present for this interesting exercise. One day a special meeting was held to hear the public confession and apology of three students who had been guilty of indul- gence in strong drink. They promised the college author- ities that they would reform. And they did. To make this confession in chapel was their only punishment. They kept their promise. Two of them are now successful lawyers and living useful lives. During this administration there were not many changes in the faculty. However, one that ought to be mentioned was the resignation of Professor Edwin C. Ferguson, A. M., Ph. D. He succeeded Dr. Swahlen in the chair of Greek and German in 1886, and gave four years of faithful and efficient service, and showed the same spirit of sacrifice which char- acterized some other members of the faculty. He was well prepared for his work, both in school training and teaching experience. He was the author of several text-books and a constant reader and student. He was a single man, tho per- haps nearing forty years of age. But in the summer of 1890 he took to himself a wife. He was a prudent man and did Three Hundred and Tw : : not believe that the meager pittance which the faculty re- ceived at that time and which the Board called a salary, was sufficient for the proper support of a family. The author ities were carefully living up to the resolution passed by the Board in 1886, to the etfect that no debt should be in- curred by the institution for current expenses, and that the Board would be responsible for the payment of salaries only to the extent of the income produced by the fiscal fund and the interest on the endowment, after the necessary running expenses were met. Accordingly, Professor Ferguson gave up his position here and secured a similar one at Athens, Tennessee. He spent the remainder of his active years in that institution. To succeed him in McKendree, the Board secured Professor Bertrand P. Judd, A. B. He was a young man of high ideals but not specially adapted to the position he was expected to fill here. So after one year he decided to enter the ministry, and went to take a course in Boston University School of Theology. In the fall of 1891 another young man just out of college came to take the chair of Greek and German. He was Professor Morris L. Barr, A. B. He had taken his degree at the Ohio Wesleyan University. He proved to be a good teacher and a good leader of young folks in the college, and also in the Epworth League and church circles. He was a good public reader, and that also made him popular. It was soon discovered that he was well fitted for the position he held. He was an unmarried man and still young, but old enough to be prudent and circum- spect in his conduct. His boarding place was at Aunty Hoffman ' s and to board there always gave a person good standing in the town. Mrs. Hoffman was then the proprietor of the old French mansion, that is, the former home of Governor French. She has been known to have as many as nineteen boarders at once. Professor Barr gave two years of good service during Dr. Herdman ' s administration. By that time he had become so popular with the students that at the commencement of 1893,, a request came from some of the students that Professor Barr be made president. The Board became obsessed with the idea that his popularity with youth might be a means of drawing great numbers of students to McKendree; and after long deliberation they provided another position for Dr. Herdman and made Pro- fessor Barr president Dr. Herdman was a very sweet-spirited man and was always willing to make any sacrifice which his brethren believed would advance the cause of the Kingdom of Heaven on earth. Therefore he cheerfully surrendered the Presidency and became Dean of the Post-graduate and Theological Departments of McKendree. The enrollment during the three years of his presidency made a very slight gain, increasing from one hundred and eighty-six to two hundred and two. This included the college, academy, music, art, etc. The three classes who graduated during his admin- istration are here given. THE CLASS OF 1S91 CHARLES B. BROWN Charles Burdette Brown was born in Venice Township, Madison County, Illinois. March 26, 1870. His parents were Robert J. and Martha J. Brown. After attending the public schools, he went to McKendree, where he took work in the Literary Department of the college and also in the Law De- partment, from which latter he graduated in June 1891. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was a member of the Methodist Church and of the Order of Knights and Ladies of Honor. His early death cut off a promising career before it was well begun. He never entered upon the practice of law, though he did teach school for a time. His death occurred December 5, 1891, at the home of his mother, in Warrensburg, Missouri. JOHN M. CHAMBERLIN, Jr. John McLean Chamberlain, Jr. was born at Lebanon, Illi- nois, August ig, 1872. His father, John M. Chamberlin, is also a native of Lebanon, of EngHsh and German descent. His mother, Maggie E. (Royse) Chamberlin, was of Scotch- Irish ancestry. He grew up in Lebanon, entered McKendree in the fall of 1887, and graduated in the class of 1891, receiv- ing the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. For five years after his graduation, he was employed as a telegraph operator. Then for about the same period he published a weekly newspaper, the Lebanon Leader, at Lebanon, Illinois. In 1900 he was elected to the forty-second General Assembly of Illinois, as a representative of the forty-ninth Senatorial District. He served one term. In 1901 he entered the real estate business in E. St. Louis. In iqio he was elected State Senator for the forty-ninth Sena- torial District and was re-elected in 191 2. He has served as president of the E. St Louis Board of Education; also of the Real Estate Exchange and the Commercial Club, both of that city. He was for one term Mayor of East St. Louis. He is a member of the Masonic Order, the Elks, Knights of Py- thias, and Modern Woodmen. He was married November 26, iqoj, to Miss Lulu Mildred Farthing, of Odin, Illinois. They have three children — John McLean the third, Will- iam Farthing, and a younger son. Their little daughter, Mil- dred, died as the result of an accident. For several years Mr. Chamberlin has been in business at Mineral Wells, Texas. Three Hundred and Thirty .. Sl S: PROGRAM. PROGRAM. ■-■ ' _ ., .-. M 2 -J ' J P f.; MUSIC ORATION International Law MUSIC INVOCATION MUSIC. ♦@HARl.ES BURDEUTE BRO ' .VN ORATION Evils Of Immigration. ORATION Law Defined. SKILLMAN PARKER SHAW. ORATION GEORGE LEMIMG oOR ' ..;5. Capital an-1 Labor ORPHEUS r.J, SMlllH. MUSIC ORATION Political Parties HtNRV M. KASSERMAN. ORATION ORATION The Ideal Citizen WAb7ER SGOTt? QArOII. The Higher Revelation of Nature ORATION Legal Ethics CLARENCE ALONZO COMBS. JAMES f{. miLIiER. ORATION :r.e Coming Victory VIOLIN SOLO Concerto I by C D, Benot. CHARLES HENRY DORRIS COASTER PRWOLD RESOLD ORATION: Womans Influence. UU..U ©HOMAS PRANHljlM CDOORB. ORATION: The Imagination in Literature ORATION: The Living Present. JOHN WESLEr HENNINGER. 50HH ffiGliEAN @HAMBERlilN. MUSIC Achievements of Politics, ORATION Valedictions ORATION ELMER ELLSWORTH WAGGONER. Wm. Wilson. MUSIC ORATION Value of Univertal Legal Training LlEW 03. fflASOW CONFEHRING DEGREES MUSIC MUSIC BENEDICTION. •Excused. BENEDICTION, -:- ... -:- ■:- ■:• .:• ■:• •.- •: -:- •:- -:. ... .:. ... ... ... ... .;. .:. .:. .:■ .:. .. :- ■:- :: :■ :■ ■■ .- ■ E.xact reproduction ot commencem; CLARENCE A. COMBS Clarence Alonzo Combs was born at CoUmsville, Illinois, June 2,0, 1869. He was the son of William S. and Sarah (McCormick) Combs, the former of Scotch and the latter of Irish descent. After being trained in the public schools of CoUinsville, he entered McKendree in the fall of 1889 and graduated from the Law Department in 1891, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married to Miss Bertha Hadley, of CoUins- ville, June 9, 1903. He practiced law only a short time and then became cashier of the Northwestern Mutual Life In- surance Company, of East St. Louis. His death occurred August 29, 1903, as the result of an accidental fall from a trolley car. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Knights of Pythias. In politics he was a Republican. GEORGE L. CORLIS George Leming Corhs was born in MetropoHs, Illinois, in 1873. His parents were Edwin and Sarah Corhs, the father being of English and the mother of English and Scotch an- cestry. He entered McKendree in 1889 and graduated in 1891 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He was a member it programme for the year 1891 of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married October 15, 1895, to Miss Bird Trevathan, of Union City, Tennessee. They have two daughters — Marian and Catherine. After his graduation, Mr. Corlis was engaged for some years in general practice of law, and then he became Dean of the Benton College of Law, of St. Louis, which position he still holds. In addition to his work as Dean, he maintains a law office in a suite of rooms in the Times Building, St. Louis. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity. JUDGE HENRY M. KASSERMAN Henry M. Kasserman was born in Monroe County, Ohio, January 4, 1864. His parents, Stephen and Anna E. Kasser- man, were natives of Switzerland. After receiving prelim- inary education elsewhere, he entered the Law Department of McKendree in September, 1890, and graduated in the class of 1891, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After his graduation, he began the practice of law at Newton, Illinois, where he is still located. He has served as City Attorney and Mayor of Newton, and is now in his third term as County Judge of Jasper County. He is a member of the Baptist Church, the Three Hundred and ThiVt -O: Odd Fellows, and the Modern Woodmen of America. He was married March 21, 1889. His children are: Frederic D., Don H., Lulu B., Ruth Agnes, John J., James Stephen, and Woodrow Wilson. L. W. MASON Lew Wallace Mason was born at Boaz, Kentucky, May 12, 1867. His parents are William H. and Susanna (Adams) Mason, both native Americans. He and his twin brother, Walter Scott Mason, were in college at the same time, en- tering the Law Department in 1889 and graduating in the same class in 1891, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married June 6, 1909, to Miss Clara L. Zerweck, of Lebanon, who graduated from McKendree in the class of 1894. They have one son, Lew Wallace Mason, Jr. Ever since his graduation, Mr. Mason has been engaged in the practice of law in May- field, Kentucky. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. About 1912 he opened a law office in Tulsa, Okla- homa, and since that time has been spending much of his time building up a law practice in that new field. W. S. MASON Walter Scott Mason was born at Boaz, Graves County, Kentucky, May 12, 1867. His parents were William H. and Susan M. Mason. His father was born in Robertson County, Tennessee, and his mother in Graves County, Kentucky. Though he did not enter McKendree till January, 1890, he completed the work of the Law Course from September, 1889, and graduated in June, 1891, with the degree of LL. B. Before coming to McKendree he attended the West Ken- tucky College, but did not finish the course. While at Mc- Kendree, he was a member of the Platonian Society. Since his graduation, he has been engaged chiefly in the practice of law, though he was principal of the Mayfield, Kentucky, schools for a time and was Postmaster of Mayfield for four years (1898 to 1902). He was married January 26, 1897, to Miss Ellen Rebecca Hocker. They have two children — Mir- iam Rebecca, born in 1902, and Walter Scott, born in 1906. Mr. Mason is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. WILLIAM WILSON William Wilson was born at Alma (now Carbon), St. Clair County, Illinois, March 28, 1866. He is a son of William and Janet Wilson, who came to America from Scotland and settled in Illinois in 1856. He grew up in the vicinity of Brighton, Illinois, and graduated from the Brighton High School in 1886. He attended Blackburn College, at Carlinville one year and then entered the Law Department of McKen- dree, graduating in 1891 with the degree of LL. B. Soon after his graduat ion, he began the practice of law in Greenfield, Illinois, but in 1893 he came to Alton and engaged in various lines of mercantile business until 1899, when he began the practice of law in Alton, where he is still located and pros- pering in his profession. He held the position of City Attor- ney of Alton for three terms, and has been Assistant State ' s Attorney a number of years. He was a member of the Alton Board of Education for five years. He belongs to the Modern American Fraternal Order and is secretary of the lodge. He is a member of the Alton Mutual Society and is one of the trustees. He also belongs to the Junior Order of American Mechanics and is State Councilor of that order. He was married to Miss Jennie E. Tuller, of Alton, July 4, 1898. Both he and Mrs. Wilson were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but now they both belong to the Pente- costal Church of Alton. REV. ELMER E. WAGGONER Elmer Ellsworth Waggoner was born at Godfrey, Illinois, November 24, 1862, and died at Staunton, Illinois, August 17, 1894. He was a nephew of Rev. G. W. Waggoner, who was one of the charter members of the Southern Illinois Conference. He was educated in the public schools and Mc- Kendree College, from which he graduated in the class of 1891, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He joined the Southern Illinois Conference in 1891, and was pastor of three charges — Ven- ice, Grafton, and Staunton; at which last named place his life was completed. He was married March 22, 1892, to Miss Belle Linhoff, of St. Elmo, who with one child sur- vives him. There were four other members of this class : James Russell Miller, B. S. Biography appears in class of 1893. Thomas Franklin Moore, LL. B. See sketch page 373. SkiUman Parker Shaw, LL. B. Went to the Phillipine Islands. Orpheus W. Smith, LL. B. Lawyer and Judge, Decatur, Illinois. THE CLASS OF 1S92 JUDGE S. P. CHAPIN Silas P. Ch.ipin was born at SomerviUe, Ohio, June 6, 1857. After coming to Illinois he spent some years as a Methodist preacher. He then studied law at McKendree and graduated in 1892 with the degree of LL. B. After practicing law at E. St. Louis for a time he was appointed Judge in the territory of Alaska. He returned to E. St. Louis about 191 and died there a few years later. LOUIS A. MARCOOT Louis A. Marcoot was born at Highland, 111., December 9, 1867. He received the degree of LL. B. from McKendree in 1892. He was a member of Plato. He practiced law at Ven- ice, Illinois until 1897, when he went to Texas and became a travelling salesman. ThirtyTu MC KENDREE REV S- S. SMITH Samuel Stephen Smith was born m White County, Ilhnois, January 14, 1870. He graduated from McKendree m the cl.iss of i8q2 with the degree of B. S. He was a loyal Plato. He immediately joined the Southern Illinois Conference and has been m continuous service as a pastor ever since, except one year that he was Field Agent for the Anti-Saloon League. In 1894 he was married to Miss Carrie Gott, of Norris City. They have five sons and three daughters. Mrs. Smith died m 1920. PROF. CHARLES H- DORRIS. D. LITT, Charles Henry Dorns, one ot the le.idmg educators m this part of the state, was born at Okawville, Illinois, August 10, 1867. His parents were August and Harriet (Cantrell) Dorris. His father died in 1874. In order to give her two sons an opportunity to secure an education, his widowed mother moved to Lebanon in 1887 and kept boarders while her sons went through McKendree. After they had com- pleted their college course and gone out into the business of life, she continued to make her home m Lebanon until the end of her life in 1921. Mr. Dorris became a student in McKendree and a member of the Platonian Literary Society in 1887. He pursued both the Law Course and the regular college course, finishing the former in 1891 with the degree of LL. B., and the latter m 1892 with the degree of B. S. Five years later he received the degree of M. S., and in the Centennial year that of D. Litt. The profession of law never appealed strongly to him after finishing the law course, but immediately after his graduation he entered upon an educa- tional career, in which he is still active. From 1892 to 1900 he was in charge of the Lebanon public schools. It was under his leadership that the Lebanon High School was first organ- ized. Since 1900, with the exception of one year, he has been in charge of the schools of the city of CoUmsville. He is superintendent, both of the city schools and the Township High School. In addition to his work in his home city, he has frequently been called upon to do institute work in his own and other counties, and deliver special lectures on cer- tain occasions. He has taught in the summer sessions a num- ber of years, both in the Southern Normal, at Carbondale, and the Normal University, at Normal, Illinois. He has been a life-long Methodist and is active in various lines of church work, having served many years as Sunday School Superintendent. He is also a thirty-second degree Mason, a Shrmer, an Odd Fellow, a member of the Lion ' s Club, and a Trustee of the Madison County Tuberculosis Sanitarium. Mrs. Dorris was a Lebanon girl, whose maiden name was Susie Mae Peach, the daughter of James S. and Mary (Wake- field) Peach, both of whom died in Lebanon. She received her education in the public schools of Lebanon and McKen- dree College, where she graduated in 1893, receiving the degree of B. S. In August, 1895, she was married to Professor Dorris, who was then superintendent of the Lebanon schools. They have two sons and one daughter. The eldest, Charles Lester, is married and is m the employ of the Roxana Oil Company, of Chicago. The other son has been for the past four years an engineer for the Braden Copper Company, in Rancagua, Chile, S. A., while the daughter, Dorothy A., is now a teacher m the schools of Collinsville. Mrs. Dorris is also a prominent church and community worker, is Past Matron of the Eastern Star, President of the Household Science Club, and a member of the Cahokia Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. While in McKen- dree, she was an active Clio, and occasionally comes back to participate in the Clio reunions. JOHN M. HAMPTON John Miles Hampton was born on a farm near Donnellson, Montgomery County, Illinois, November i, 1870 He is the son of Rev. J. A. and Jane (De Sart) Hampton. His father was for many years a member of the Southern Illinois Con- ference. He became a student m McKendree m the fall of 1889 and graduated from the Law Department m June, 1892, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married to Miss Eva. M. Meriwether, of Shipman, Illinois, November 26, 1903. They have two children, John Hadley and Hele n Jane. For three years after his graduation, Mr. Hampton published a newspaper m connection with his law practice at Gillespie, Illinois. He was compelled to give up this work because of ill health. After three winters of travel in the South, he recovered his health sufficiently to resume professional work. In 1900 he purchased a paper in Cerro Gordo, Illinois. A year of this kind of work caused another physical breakdown, which made it necessary to again abandon his work and go South. He spent the next two years in Texas, Mexico, and California. He returned m 1903 and purchased the old home- stead on which he was born, and where he now lives, near Donnellson, Illinois. He now has a well-stocked farm of three hundred and eighty acres and is a progressive agriculturist. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Indepen- dent Order of Odd Fellows. Three Hundred and Thirty-Three Standing, left to right — Marcoot, Hampton, Smith, Walton Seated, left to right — Dorris, Steele, Chapin DR. WILLIAM J. STEELE In the history of Nassau County, New York, we find the following statement concerning Dr. Steele, He is held in high esteem for his benefactions and philanthropies as well as for his ability in the practice of medicine and surgery . That is exactly what we would expect of one who has really imbibed the McKendree Spirit . William John Steele was born near Newton, in Jasper County, Illinois. He attended the public schools and at one time had Charles S. Deneen, now United States Senator, for his teacher. After making use of the home educational oppor- tunities and teaching several years in the district schools, he became a student in McKendree in 1889 and was graduated in 1892, receiving the degree of B. S. He received the second honors of the class and delivered the Latin salutatory on commencement day. He was a member of Philo and served as president of that organization. After another period of teaching he decided to make the medical profession his per- manent vocation. Accordingly he entered the Medical De- partment of the University of Illinois, which is located in Chicago. From this institution he was graduated in 1898, with the degree of M. D. After serving a year as interne in the Joseph D. Lee Hospital in Chicago, he located in Baldwin, N. Y. for the practice of his profession. By faithful and skil- ful service he established a reputation which has given him an extensive and lucrative general practice in which he is still engaged. He is a member of the Nassau County Medical Society, the Associated Physicians of Long Island, and the New York S tate Medical Society. He is on the staff of the Nassau and Mercy hospitals, the South Side Community Hospital, and the Rockville Center Sanatorium, a trustee of the South Side Community Hospital and attending physician of the Freeport Sanatorium. Dr. Steele has also been active in various civic, educational, financial, and fraternal organiza- tions which are carried on mainly for the welfare of the citi- zens of the community. He has been president of the School Board in his home town for twenty-five years. His enthusiasm and force of character have been moving factors in the adop- tion of progressive methods in many fields of activity. He is a member of the Civic Association, President of the Baldwin National Bank, Vice-president of the Columbia Bronze Cor- poration, President of Throat Specialties Laboratories, Direc- tor of Long Island Bankers, Inc., and Director of Long Island Title Guaranty Company. Fraternally he is a member of the Masonic Order, Freeport Chapter Royal Arch Masons, Nas- sau Commandery Knights Templar, Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, the Benevolent and Protect- ive Order of Elks, Junior United American Mechanics, and the Knights of Pythias. In his religious affiHations he is a member of the Methodist Church. He is a most helpful mem- ber of the community in which he lives. In his exten ' sive medical practice he often renders professional service where his only reward is the satisfaction of having relieved human suffering. Dr. Steele lives in a fine stone residence on Merrick Road, which hos- pitable home is presided over by his dignified and capable wife. Before her marriage, Mrs. Steele was Miss Ora MacArthur of Brooklyn, New York. Dr. and Mrs. Steele have two children, Donald M., a student in the Law School of New York University, and Elizabeth N., who is still m the high school. It is claimed that America is the Land of Opportunity though many American youths fail to see any chance to rise in the world. However, the story of Dr. Steele ' s life is a good illustration of what may be accomplished by a poor boy who has ambition together with energy and perseverance enough to carry out his ideals. DR. W. J. STEELE Thr.-e Humired and TluriyFour PROF. WILLIAM C. WALTON, D. D. William Clarence Walton was born m Lincoln County, Missouri, July lo, 1866. His parents were Edward W. and Hester C. (Eberman) Walton, who were both natives of Illinois. When he was only a few weeks old, the family moved back to Brighton, Illinois, and in that vicinity he grew up and received his elementary education, mostly m the country schools. He graduated from the Brighton High School in 1886, and after teaching two years m the country schools, he entered McKendree College in the fall of 1888. He completed the Classical Course and received the degree of A. B. m iSq2. He was the valedictorian of the class. In 1894 he received the degree of A. M. from McKendree; in 1897, Ph. D.; and m the Centennial year, D. D. He was a member of the Philo Society. In September, 1892, he was admitted on trial to the Southern Illinois Conference and was appointed to the Huey Circuit, where he served two years, and during that time led the enterprise of building a new church at Shattuc. It was dedicated by Bishop Bow- man m the summer of i8qj. In the fall of 1894 he became a member of the faculty m McKendree and has been in con- tinuous service ever since that time. He has taught in sev- eral different departments. Until 191 ■; he had charge of the Department of Greek Language and Literature. After that he had charge of Philosophy and Education. As a side line he taught Bible for a number of years before the establish- ment of the Religious Education Department. Aside from the regular work of teaching, he has given evening courses and extension courses, and has served the college as Fiscal Agent for about ten years. He has also served short terms as pastor — several times in addition to college work. These were at Sandoval, Ashley, Waterloo for seven years, and Caseyville for five years. He has also frequently supplied pulpits in emergencies, given educational addresses, com- mencement addresses, Memorial Day addresses, and speeches on various special occasions He did graduate work for several summers in the University of Illinois and the University of Chicago, and for a number of years has served as Director of the McKendree Summer School, and other years has taught in summer sessions. He served as Vice-president of McKen- dree for twelve years during the administration of Dr. Cham- berlin. He also served in the Lebanon City Council for eight years. He was married June 30, 1897, to Miss Mabel Hadley, of Hoffman, Illinois. She is the daughter of Mr. S. S. Hadley, who came of a prominent Quaker family of Wilmington, Ohio. Miss Hadley attended school at the Southern Normal JLA % The Walton Family in 1925 and taught school for two years before her marriage. They have four children — Ruth Catherine, Alice Hester, Emma Irene, and Clarence Hadley. The two older daughters are graduates of McKendree, and have both rendered several years of teaching service, Ruth Catherine as teacher of Home Economics in the Mascoutah High School and two years in McKendree College. Alice Hester has taught English in the high schools of Crossville, Mascoutah, and Lebanon. Emma and Clarence are both students in the Lebanon High School. Professor Walton has travelled widely in the home country, having visited thirty-nine of the states in the Union, Can- ada, and Mexico, and spent one summer touring Europe. THE CLASS OF 1893 REV. JOHN M. ADAMS, D. D. John Martin Adams was born on a farm near Mayfield, Kentucky, February 25, 1864. His parents were John W. and Mary E. Adams, who were both of American ancestry. After a youth spent in the Blue Grass state, he became a student in McKendree in January, 1889. He graduated in June, 189J with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Society, but he was of such a friendly temperament and so fair minded in his estimates of others that he always had friends in the rival society. In September, after his grad- uation, he joined the Southern Illinois Conference at the session held in Flora, m 1893,. Ever since that time he has been continuously engaged in the work of the pastorate. He has served several of the important charges of the confer- ence, such as Cairo, and Fairfield, where he is now located and where the 1928 session of the conference is to be held. In March, 1894, Mr. Adams was married to Miss Mary Brownlee, of Kentucky. To them were born three children — Ethel Louise, now Mrs. Norman Moss, of Irasburg, Vermont; Harold Brownlee, who was a student in McKendree several Three Hundred and Thnty-Fne cs: ; years, but when the Great War came on, entered the service of his country; while still in the training camp, he fell a victim of disease in the course of the great influenza epidemic which swept the country, and the youngest, Paul Stanley, who has also been a student in McKendree, but now is em- ployed with a business firm in St. Louis. Rev. Adams was one of the group to receive honorary degrees during the McKendree Centennial, when he was admitted to the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Adams is a member of the Modern Woodmen, the Masonic Fraternity, and the Rotary Club. PHILIP BAER Philip Baer was born at St. Jacob, Illinois, February 13, 1870. He is a son of Rudolph and Louisa Baer, who are of German descent. He graduated from the Law Department of McKendree in 1893, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was married October 18, 1894, to Miss Emma Harges. They have two children — Harold and Alice. Mr. Baer is an attor- ney at law now located in his home city, though he was in the real estate business for some time in Denver, Colorado. He served for two years as Tax Collector of St. Jacob Town- ship. In politics he is a Democrat. He is a member of the Evangelical Protestant Church, the Masonic Order, the Odd Fellows, the Turnverein, and the Modern Woodmen of America. GEORGE S. CAUGHLAN George Sidney Caughlan was born in St. Louis, Missouri, January 22, 1865. His father. Rev. David Caughlan, was for many years a Methodist preacher and a member of the South- ern Illinois Conference. He was for several years a student in McKendree and graduated from the Liw Department in the class of 1893, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Phil- osophian Literary Society. He was admitted to the bar and for many years has practiced law in East St. Louis. He was also engag- ed in the leal estate and in- surance business. He served one term in the Illinois Leg- islature. He was married, and at his death was sur- vived by his widow, Mrs. Dora Caughlan, and three grown children— Ralph, JUDGE C. E. CHAMBERLIN Nellie, and George. His death occurred December 29, 1913, at Douglas, Arizona, where he had gone in the attempt to re- cover his health. He was a member of the Masonic Order. JUDGE C. E. CHAMBERLIN One ot the time honored names in the history of McKen- dree College and the city of Lebanon is that of Chamberlin. David Chamberlin was one of the founders of McKendree and his son John M. was a trustee for over forty years. Of the four sons of the latter, the only one still living in Lebanon is Charles Earl Chamberlin who was born September 26, 1874 and has been a citizen of Lebanon all his life. His mother, before her marriage was Miss Maggie E. Royse. Charles Earl was educated in the public schools and McKendree College, from which institution he was graduated in the class of 1893 receiving the degree of A. B. In 1895 he completed the law course in McKendree and received the degree of LL. B. He was a member cf Philo and took an active part in the various phases of the college life of his day. Soon after leaving college he began the practice of law in his home town, at the same time engaging in the real estate and insurance business. His fellow citizens expressed their confidence in him by elect, ing him City Attorney, which office he held for three terms. He was also supervisor of Lebanon Township for four terms- He was Circuit Clerk of St. Clair County for four years, and Master in Chancery for two years. In 1926 he was elected Probate Judge of St. Clair County. Since that time he has had his office in Belleville, but still lives in Lebanon, and has one of the most cozy and comfortable homes in the town, presided over by his capable wife, who before her marriage was Miss Ruth E. Case of Carlyle, Illinois. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Edward Case, were for many years well-known citizens of Clinton County, but late in life, moved to Texas in order to spend their declining years in a more congenial climate. Mrs. Chamberlin graduated from McKendree in 1898 receiving the degree of A. B. She was a member of Clio and occasionally assists the more recent Clios in their various social enterprises. Judge and Mrs. Chamberlin are both members of the Methodist Church, and she is an active worker in the various organizations connected with It, such as the Ladies ' Aid and the Woman ' s Foreign Missionary Society. She is also a Charter member of the Woman ' s Club of Lebanon. The Chamberlin ' s have three daughters. They are, Mrs. Ruth Mautz of Effingham, Illinois, Mrs. Virginia Pfeffer of Lebanon, and Mary who still lives with her parents and is a student in the high school. Judge Chamberlin is a member of several fraternal orders, such as theMasons, Knights of Pythias, Modern Woodmen, and the Three Hundred and Th S:£ Improved Order of Red Men. In the last n.imed order he has held the office of Great Sachem of Illinois. WILLIAM O- EDW.ARDS William Ozro Edwards was horn February 28, i86q, at Pmckneyville, Illinois. His parents, Mortimer C. and Har- riet M. Edwards, were both native Americans. He entered McKendree in September, i888, and completed both the Classical Course and the Law Course in 1893. At that time he received the two degrees of A. B. and LL. B. In 1898 he received the degree of A. M. from McKendree. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He taught school m his own county for a time after his graduation, and then began the practice of law m Pmckneyville, the County Seat of Perry County, m which occupation he is still engaged. He is a member and an active worker in the Methodist Episcopal Church. He has served the church as teacher and Superintendent of the Sunday School, as record ' ing steward of the church since 1903, as trustee, as district president of the Epworth League, as president of the County Sunday School Association, and as secretary of the Laymen ' s Association of the Southern Illinois Conference. He is also a member of the Masonic Fraternity. He was married in June, 1899, to Miss Etta L. Root, of Lebanon, who was his classmate in McKendree. They have two children — Margaret Corinne and Gilbert Harold MRS THERESA JEPSON HARDING Nina Theresa Jepson was born in Roscoe, Illinois, July 21, 1873. She is a daughter of Professor Albert G. and Nina E. (Ormiston) Jepson, who were both natives of New York State. Her father was for ten years Professor of Mathematics in McKendree College. She entered college in September, 1888, and graduated in June, 1893, receiving the degree of A. B., and m 1896, that of A. M. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married March 8, 1898, to Robert H. Harding, also a graduate of McKendree. They have three children — Harold W., Nina Ruth, and Robert J. She is a member of the Methodist Church, the Ladies ' Lit- erary Club, and the Woman ' s Foreign Missionary Society. She was twice elected president of the Literary Club, and three times secretary. She is now serving her second term as District Secretary of the W. F. M. S. Since her marriage, her home has been in East St. Louis, Illinois. Her daughter, Nina Ruth, died m 1925 while a student m the University of Illinois. SUSIE M. PEACH Susie Mae Peach, B. S. Biography appears with her hus- band ' s in the class of 1892. ORLEY E. LAIRD Orley Egbert Laird was born at Mt. Vernon, Illinois, July 21, 1868. His parents were Samuel and Charity C. (Leonard) Laird. They were both of Scotch-Irish descent, but their ancestors came to America before the French and Indian War. After preliminary training at another institution, he entered McKendree m September, 1891, and graduated in 1893 with the degree of A, B. After pursuing post-graduate studies, he received the degree of A. M. m 1894. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After his grad- uation he joined the Southern Illinois Conference and served pastoral charges for several years, but afterward decided to make the law his life work. He practiced law for some years at Mt. Vernon and then moved to Springfield, lUinois, where he engaged in abstracting as well as in the general practice of law. He was also lecturer on Abstracts in the Lincoln College of Law, in Springfield. About 191 5 he moved to Lebanon, where he lived until his son, Samuel Niles, had finished college in 1920. He then entered the ministry of the M. E. Church, South, and served pastorates at Cairo and Centralia. After that he transferred to California and is now pastor at Isleton. Mr. Laird was married February 3, 1897, to Miss Mary L Niles, of Henderson, Kentucky. Of their children, only two are now living — Samuel Niles and Orley Egbert, Jr. PROF. J. R. MILLER James Russell Miller, son of Dr. Lloyd T. and Margaret (Blake) Miller, was born near Caseyville, November 3, 1870. He entered McKendree and became a member of the Philo- sophian Lit erary Society in 1885. He eventually received the following degrees from the institution: B. S. in 1891, A. B. in 1893, and A. M. in 1896. After some experience teaching m the public schools, he taught English in McKendree duf ing the two years 1895-97. At this time he realized that a more active occupation would probably improve his health, so he sought work of this kind. He became one of the or- ganizers of the Rinard Grain and Lumber Company, of Rinard, lUinois. He was also at this time a member of the Chaney Mercantile Company, and with H. C. Chaffin, a manager of the John Kindle Farm, one of the finest four- hundred-acre tracts in Wayne County. He then purchased, improved, and personally managed a fruit and poultry farm near Collinsville, where for ten years he lived chiefly the outdoor life and thus built up his health to a point of efficiency that enabled him to again engage in school work. For a time he was one of the proprietors and a regular instructor in the Summers ' Commercial College, of Collinsville. In 1912 he Three Hundred and ThxrtySev ffMC KENDREE : ... .. PROF J. R. MILLER accepted a position as teacher of English, Economics, and Commercial Law intheCollins- ville Township High School, which he still holds. He was married in igo2 to Clara Elizabeth Hearn, of Balti- more, Maryland, who, prior to her marriage, was a teacher in the schools of Baltimore. Their two children are Margaret, now a teacher in the East St. Louis schools, and Lloyd, a student in Washington Uni- versity. In 1912, Mrs. Miller, while on a visit to her old home in Baltimore, contracted an illness from which she did not recover. In 1920, Mr. Miller was married to Miss Marie Lloyd, of Collinsville, a former teacher in the schools of St. Clair County. Since his college days, Mr. Miller has been a member of the Methodist Church, and for years was active in Sunday School work. He was for some time president of the St. Clair County Sunday School Association, and developed that or- ganization to a higher point of efficiency than it had pre- viously attained. He has travelled extensively in the middle west, has vis- ited Canada and lived in the East for more than a year. He has always been interested in good books, works of art, and whatever tends to the uplift of his fellow-men. MRS. ETTA ROOT EDWARDS Luella Root was born November 7, 1867, at Bone Etta Gap, Illinois. She is a daughter of Rev. Edmund and Mary A. (Rhoads) Root, who were both native Americans. She became a student in McKendree in 1888 and graduated in the Classical Course in 1893, receiving the degree of A. B. She was a member of the Clionian Society and was an active worker in that organization. She taught school for several years after her graduation, one year as instructor in English in McKendree. She was married in June, 1899, to - O. Ed- wards, of Pinckneyville, who graduated in the same class with her at McKendree They have two children — Margaret Corinne and Gilbert Harold. In addition to her home duties, Mrs. Edwards has found time for much active service m various lines of work for the cause of humanity. She has been an active worker in the Methodist Church since early youth. Her father was a minister of the gospel in that de- nomination, and she has served the Sunday School and Ep- worth League in various capacities as the years have passed by. In 1908 she was a lay delegate from the Southern Illinois Conference to the General Conference, which convened at Baltimore, Maryland. In temperance work she has been equally prominent. She was recording secretary of the lUinois State W. C. T. U. from 1907 to 1912, and is now vice-president of that body. She won the first Matron ' s Grand Diamond Medal ever presented by the W. C. T. U. She also belongs to both the Woman ' s Foreign Missionary Society and the Woman ' s Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Church. MRS. MARGUERITE STEELE DOTY Marguerite Steele was born in Jasper County, Illinois, where she spent the years of her youth. In 1890 her mother, then a widow, moved to Lebanon in order that it might be more convenient for her daughter and her two sons, Robert and William, to attend college. Maggie first became a student in McKendree in September, 1890, and graduated in the class of 189 J, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. After teaching school one year, she was married to Mr. S. O. Doty, who was also a student at McKendree for several terms. They made their home in the state of Arkansas, where Mrs. Doty died in 1902, leaving her husband and four children. She was a member of the Methodist Church. OTTO C. PFENNIGHAUSEN Otto Charles Pfennighausen was born in St. Louis Coun- ty, Missouri, October 11, 1869. He is the youngest son of Captain Reinhold von Pfennighausen and Louise Gallen, who were both natives of Germany, and came to America in 1848. Otto was trained in the elementary schools of St. Louis and entered McKendree in 1887, and became a mem- ber of the Philosophian Society. In 1889 he began teaching in the Lebanon schools, but returned to his college course and graduated in 1893, receiving the degree of B. S., and M. S. in 1896. His teaching career in Lebanon, Lenzburg, and Belleville covered a period of twenty-three years. After Three Hundred and TlurtyEtght that he went to Maplewood, Missouri ,ind estabhshed the Pfennighausen Realty and Construction Company, at which he is president and manager. June 24, 1896 he was married to Miss Sara Evelyn Jones, eldest daughter of Alfred C. and Cornelia (Houser) Jones, of O ' Fallon. He and Miss Jones were fellow-students at McKendree. They have five daughters and three sons. The eldest daughter is Mrs. Cornelia Phinney, of Kansas City. George, the oldest son, is married and lives in Webster Groves. Louise and Ida are employed in St. Louis, Belle is a Junior in McKendree, while Alfred, Emma, and Blair are still under the home roof. Mr. Pfennighausen belongs to the Masonic Order, and his whole family are Methodists. He can trace his ancestry through five generations of soldiers, yet he prefers to fight for the Prince of Peace. HON. FRED J. TECKLENBURG Fred J. Tecklenburg was born in St. Clair County, Illinois, June 6, 1869. His parents, Henry and Johanna (Bader) Teck- lenburg, were both natives of Germany. He entered the Law Department of McKendree m the fall of 189 1 and graduated in the class of 1893, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He began the practice of law m Belleville in 1894 and is still engaged in the same business. In 1897 he was elected City Attorney of Belleville and held that office for six years. In 1904 he was elected State ' s Attorney of St. Clair County on the Repub- lican ticket. In 1908 he was re-elected and thus held this important office for eight years. While in this office the esteem in which he was held by his brother attorneys was evidenced by the fact that he was elected president of the Illinois State ' s Attorneys ' Association at a meeting of that body held in Chicago. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, a Knight Templar, and a Shriner. MRS MAUD WATTS BURT Maud Anna Watts was born in Lawrence County, Illi- nois, July 28, 1868. She is the eldest daughter of David A. Watts, a native of Illinois, and Mary A. (Greer) Watts, who was born in Ohio. The father was of Scotch descent and the mother of Irish ancestry. Mr. Watts was for a number of years a trustee of McKendree, and held that post at the time of his death. Maude became a student in McKendree in 1889 and graduated in the class of 1893, receiving the degree of B. S. In 1897 she received the degree of M. S. She was a mem- ber of the Clionian Literary Society. She taught school for a time in Lawrence County and m August, 1894, was married to W. C. Burt, who was then engaged in teaching but is now employed in newspaper work. Both Mrs. Burt and her hus- band are active members of the Methodist Church. They lived for some years in the state of Alabama, but now reside in AsheviUe, N. C. REV. FRANCIS M. VAN TREESE, D. D. Rev. Francis Marion Van Treese, D. D., a veteran of the Civil War and of the Gospel Ministry, was born January 29, 1844, in Hendricks County, Indiana, and died at the home of his son, in California, in October, 1927. His funeral was held in the Methodist Church of Lebanon and his remains laid to rest in College Hill Cemetery beside the grave of his wife, who had preceded him to the better world by less than a year. His early educational opportunities were limited, but he made the best use of what advantages he had and formed careful habits of study, which served him well m later life. At the opening of the Civil War, he enlisted in the Fifth Illi- nois Cavalry Regiment and served full four years. For two years after the war he was engaged in business at Willow Hill, Illinois, and then entered the ministry and joined the Southern Illinois Conference. He served continuously in the field of Southern Illinois until 1922, when he took the retired relation and lived through the few years of his retirement in East St. Louis. He served two terms as District Superintend- ent; six years each on the Vandalia and Alton Districts. In 1915 he was appointed Executive Secretary of the Conference Endowment Fund. In this work he raised $125,000 of per- manent endowment for the retired preachers ' fund. He was a great friend of Education and served for nearly forty years as a member of the Joint Board of McKendree College. In 1893 the College bestowed upon him the degree of D. D. He was married September 20, 1868, to Miss Avis Cheek, who was his faithful helpmeet until her death November 3, 1926. They had six sons and one daughter, all now living except Harry, who died about twenty years ago at Douglas, Arizona. The daughter is Mrs. Blanche McMackin, of Chau- tauqua, Illinois, and the sons are; William O., of Redondo Beach, California; George, of Chicago; Melville, of Los An- geles; Marion, of San Francisco; and Charles, of Robinson, Illinois. Four of these — William, Blanche, Harry, and Marion were all some-time students in McKendree, though none of them graduated. Dr. Van Treese, at different times during his long ministry, served some of the leading churches of the conference, and was always regarded as a leader among the preachers. He had attractive offers from churches in other conferences, but preferred to devote his life to the service of the church in Southern Illinois. After the death of Mrs. Van Treese, he set his house in order by closing up his business affairs and giving his library to McKendree College, with instructions to distribute it among the ministerial students in the institution; and then he went to California. He spent the last few months of his life enjoying the climate and scen- ery of California, and visiting in the families of his three sons who live in that state. Three Hundred and ThntyK CHAPTER XXVIII. President Barr ' s Administration (D ORRIS Lincoln Barr was born on a farm near Monmouth, Warren County, Illinois. He was educated in the country schools, the Preparatory De- partment of Monmouth College, and Ohio Wesleyan University, from which he was graduated in the class of 1890, receiving the degree of A. B. For one year he was prin- cipal of the high school in Dixie, Kentucky. In 1891 he was elected Professor of Greek and German in McKendree. At the end of two years of successful work he decided to leave McKendree to enter some university for the purpose of earning a doctor ' s degree. But this plan was not immediately carried out. Instead, he sUud another year as president of the college. Professor Barr became President of McKendree in 1893 under very unusual circumstances. He did not ask for the place, but through the influence of his student friends, it was offered to him. He was under thirty years of age and was probably at that time the youngest college president in America. William A. Quayle had formerly held that distinc- tion, having been president of Baker University at the age of twenty-nine. But he soon passed on to wider fields. Pro- fessor Barr had come to his place on a wave of popularity and therefore much was expected of him. That made his position unusually hard to fill. He immediately took the field to make a canvass for new students. He spoke at the Epworth League conventions and visited some of the more prominent churches, as well as the less prominent ones whenever he or his friends thought there was a chance to get students. He spent the most of his vacation in this way and made a faithful effort to increase the attendance at McKendree. But when September came, the college opened with about the usual number of students. At the end of the year, the total enrollment in all departments was two hundred and eight, which was a gain of six over the previous year. The gain was in the Preparatory Department, but it was so slight that it did not indicate that the young people were flocking to McKendree in any considerable number because there was a young man at the head of the institution. Of course there was much disappointment in cert.nn circles, probably more than was ever expressed by any of the friends PRESIDENT BARR of the institution, for even those who were disappointed were ready to admit that Presi- dent Barr had done his best and that it was not his fault that the student body had not made a great increase. The year ' s work was ordinarily successful, but as usual the most of the enthusiasm of commencement week which carried him into a diflicult situation had vanished into thin air before college opened in the fall, but of course it left him in that situation. He made the best of it, worked hard, and accomplished results as great as his employers had a right to expect. The debt that was hanging like a pall over the institution was neither increased nor diminished during the year. The Board was careful to see that it did not increase by strictly observing the resolu ' tion mentioned above in regard to the salaries of the faculty. And President Barr did not feel well enough acquainted with the constituency to undertake to raise money, even if his talent had lain in that direction. However, one important improvement was made in the physical equipment of the institution during his one year in charge. The old study hall was divided up into three rooms and devoted to the uses of the Science Department. A laboratory and two lecture rooms was more than the department had ever had before, and additional equipment for the laboratory was also secured. The credit for this advance belongs to President Barr and Professor Waggoner. They both devoted much of their va- cation in the summer of 189J to this important expansion of the Science Department, which in later years led to still greater expansion of that department. Of course that ended the plan of holding chapel services in the old study hall. From that time on they were held in the chapel. It was not many years later that a steam heat plant was installed and that made the chapel habitable even in cold weather. Another good thing President Barr did for McKendree was to secure the services of Professor Edwin P. Baker to take charge of the Latin and German work in the fall of 189J. He has been in charge of the German Department ever since that time, except one year that he spent in Germany per- fecting his knowledge of the German language. At the end of the year President B.irr felt that he should not delay his graduate work any longer, and therefore decided to leave Three Hundred arui FoHy MC KENDREE McKendree, and by several years of thorough university training, make further preparation for his educational career. Accordingly he entered Johns Hopkins University. But be- fore completing the work leading to the doctor ' s degree, he accepted a position as professor of English in the high school at Newark, New Jersey. In this city he has given over thirty years to the cause of education, and is still in the service. At present he is Head Assistant of the Barringer High School in Newark, which was the third pubhc high school to be opened in the United States; and also Principal of the Barringer Evening High School, a fully accredited sec- ondary school. The year that President Barr was McKendree ' s chief officer. Miss Olive E. Harrison was in charge of the De- partment of Instrumental Music. She afterward became Mrs. Morris L. Barr. Mrs. Kate G. Broaddus was the vocal teacher, as she had been for several years before. She taught voice in St. Louis for some years before she came to McKendree, but afterward moved to Lebanon with her family. One of her sons became a Captain in the Salvation Army. Since Professor Baker first came into the faculty at this time, we give a sketch of him here. DEAN EDWIN P. BAKER, LL. D. Edwin Percy Baker was born at Mechanicsville, Ohio, October ij, 1868. His parents were Rev. Edwin S. and Maria Anne (Norton) Baker, who were both native Amer- icans. His father was a member of the East Ohio Conference of the Methodist Church and served continuously for twen- ty-seven years in the pastorate until his retirement in 1902. His death occurred only two years later, in 1904. Edwin attended the public schools in the various communities where he lived, the Preparatory School at Austinburg, the Canfield Normal College, and Ohio Wesleyan University, where he was graduated in 1893 with the degree of A. B. In the fol- lowing September he became a member of the faculty at McKendree as Professor of Latin and German. In the summer of 1896 he attended the Amherst College School of Lan- guages, and in the autumn he went to Europe for a year of travel and study. He spent the year chiefly in Berlin, where he was perfecting his knowledge of the German Language. He also visited Rome and other important cities. The fol- lowing year he resumed his work in McKendree with Ger- man as his principal subject of instruction, and in this de- partment his work has been continuous to the present time. After his year in Europe, McKendree conferred upon him the degree of A. M., and in the Centennial year that of LL. D. In addition to his teaching, he served many years as secretary of the faculty. In 1917 during Dr. Hurt ' s admin- istration. Professor Baker was made Dean and Acting Pres- ident of the college, which position he held for two years. During the first of these. Dr. Hurt was Nominal President, but was not present at the institution. He has continued in the office of Dean under the presidency of Dr. McCam- mon, and later under Dr. Harmon, to the present time. Dean Baker was married in December, 1897, to Miss Mary S. King, of Canfield, Ohio. She was his efficient help- meet and cheerful homemaker for the remainder of her life, which closed with her untimely death in June, 1919. She was educated in the Normal College, at Canfield. In Leb- anon she was an active worker in the Methodist Church and the various organizations connected with it. She left one son, Lee Robert, who is now a Junior in McKendree. Dean Baker ' s mother, after the death of her husband, made her home with her son for a period of more than twenty years, until her death in December, 1927. Dean Baker has always shown a commendable public spirit, and is ever ready to lend his assistance to any community enterprise that is of the useful sort. He has been a member of the official Board of the Methodist Church for more than a quarter of a century. He served a term in the City Council and is a prominent member of the Masonic Fraternity. THE CLASS OF 1,S94 REV. WILLIAM C. BABCOCK William C. Babcock was born July 11, i860, at Cape May, New Jersey. He was educated in the public schools and Pennington Seminary, which prepared him for entrance to Princeton. At the age of eighteen, he held teacher ' s licenses in three counties. Later he became the author of two text-books for secondary schools. He received the degree of A. B. in 1882, and several years later enrolled for post- graduate work in McKendree, receiving the degree of A. M. in 1893 and Ph. D. m 1894. He also took a course in the study of law but has spent his professional life in the work of the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He became a member of the church at twelve years of age and joined the Baltimore Conference in 1886. He was married June II, 1889, and has two sons — Homer Eugene and Paul Milton. He is a member of the order of A. F. ? A. M. and of the Knights of Pythias. Besides his regular work in the ministry he has attended special lectures at Johns Hopkins University, and has done tutoring work in preparing stu- Hundred and FortyOne MC KENDREE dents for entrance to Johns Hopkins, Goucher, Allegheny, Cornell, and University of Virginia. He has been a Ufelong total abstainer and an active worker in the cause of Pro- hibition. PROF. GEORGE V. BUCHANAN George Victor Buchanan was born February 4, 1859, near Bellmont, Wabash County, Illinois. His parents were Hiram B. and Helen (Blood) Buchanan. He graduated from the Southern Illinois Normal University while Dr. AUyn was president. Some years later, after completing a non-residence course in History and Philosophy, McKendree conferred upon him the degree of A. M. in 1894. At that time he was Superintendent of Schools at Sedalia, Missouri. After fifteen years in this position, he occupied a similar one at Joplin, Mo. for five years, and was then elected Superintendent of Schools of Oklahoma City, Okla. He is a member of the Methodist Church, a Knight Templar, a Master Mason, and Scottish Rite Mason; he is also an Elk. He is a charter member of the National Society for the Scientific Study of Education, an active member of the Na- tional Educational Society, and the National Superinten- dents ' Association. He was married in December, 1887, to Miss Hattie Starr, daughter of Judge C. R. Starr, of Kankakee, Illinois. They have two sons and five daughters. LEMUEL L. CRAMP Lemuel L. Cramp, son of Rev. Lemuel and Susanna (Reed) Cramp, was bom at Mason, Illinois, September 29, 1867. He entered McKendree in 1888, and after attending at inter- vals as circumstances permitted, he graduated in 1894, re- ceiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Philo- sophian Literary Society. After having studied law, he did not find the practice of it a congenial occupation. He was engaged for some years in mercantile pursuits, but for several years past has been engaged in teaching in the west. He is married and now lives in Colorado. GEORGE E. CROSBY George Edward Crosby was born near O ' Fallon, Illinois, July 18, 1869. He is the son of George T. and Hannah Crosby, who formerly conducted a nursery farm between O ' Fallon and Lebanon. After attending the public schools, he entered McKendree and completed the Scientific Course in June, 1894, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. Since his graduation, he has been for a great portion of the time in the employ of the International Coal and Mining Company. He was married November 9, 1907, to Miss Meta Ochs. They reside in O ' F.iUon. REV. JOHN W. CUMMINS, D. D. John Wesley Cummins was bom on a farm in Johnson County, Illinois, September i, 1866. He is a son of Daniel Thomas and Elizabeth Cummins. His father ' s people came fr om Wales to Virginia in an early day, and from there emigrated by way of Kentucky to Illinois. His mother ' s people came from England. As a boy, he attended the public schools. As a youth, before entering college, he began to exercise his gifts as a preacher. In fact, it seems to be a family characteristic. Five of his mother ' s sons are ministers of the gospel. He entered McKendree in 1888. After com- pleting the Academic and College Courses, he graduated in 1894 with the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Pk ' tonian Literary Society. He was married November 10, 1891, to Miss Katie Key, of Mayfield, Kentucky. Their two daugh- ters have already passed on to the better world. Their three sons are Wendall, Wallace, and John. Mr. Cummins joined the Southern Illinois Conference in 189J. He had already served several charges before his graduation, among them Grayville and Enfield. After finishing his college course, he served the following important charges in the order named: McLeansboro, Olney, Mt. Carmel, and East St. Louis. He is now in the ninth year of a successful pastorate at Marion. In both Mt. Carmel and East St. Louis, he has entertained sessions of the Annual Conference. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity. In 1910 his Alma Mater conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Cummins is in demand as a baccaleaureate preacher, Chautauqua lecturer, and other similar lines of service. He has been for many years Chairman of the Board of Examiners of the Southern Illinois Conference, and Dean of the Conference School of Theology, which meets at McKendree each summer. WILLIAM R. DORRIS William Robert Dorris was born at Greencastle, Missouri. He IS a son of August and Elizabeth Dorris, the former being a native of Bremen, Germany, and the latter of Tennessee. He entered McKendree in 1888 and graduated in the class of 1894, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married December 28, 1899, to Miss Alice Louden, of Lebanon, who was also a student in McKendree for some years. Their only son died in infancy. Mr. Dorris taught in the rural schools of St. Clair County from the time of his graduation till 1898. He was principal of the Okawville Schools for one year; and then became principal of the O ' Fallon Schools, which posi- tion he held till 1903,, when he became cashier of the First National Bank of O ' Fallon, where he is still employed. He Three Hutidred and FiyrtyTwo was for some years a member of the O ' Fallon Board of Edu- cation, and has been president of that body. He has for many years been secretary of the O ' Fallon Building and Loan Association; and has been president of the O ' Fallon Com- mercial Club. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He belongs to the A. F. 6? A. M., the R. A. M., and the I. O. O. F. lodges. He and Mrs. Dorris spent a summer touring Europe a few years ago. JUDGE LEANDER O. EAGLETON Leander Oscar Eagleton was born February 22, 1868. He is a son of William and Sarah Eagleton, both native Amer- icans. His father is of Scotch descent, and his mother ' s ancestors were Hollanders. He became a student in McKen- dree in 1890, and graduated in 1894, with the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. In 1897 he graduated from the Law School of the North- western University, receiving the degree of LL. B. Mr. Eagleton was principal of the public schools at Enfield one year, but entered upon the practice of law in 1897, in the city of Peoria, which has been his business ever since. He was elected to the office of Supervisor in 1900, and Probate Judge in 1906. Judge Eagleton is now associated with Con- gressman Stone in the practice of law. He is a member of the Arcadia Presbyterian Church, the Masonic Order, K. of P., D. O. O. K., M. W. A., Court of Honor, Mystic Workers, L O. O. F., Creve Coeur Club, and Peoria Bar Association. He was married to Miss Minnie Pierce, who graduated from McKendree in the same class with him, June 14, 1894, just a few days after they had received their diplomas. They have four sons — Benjamin, William, Lee, and Clifford. REV. ELLIS F. FOWLER, D. D. Ellis Frankhn Fowler was born in Newark, New Jersey. In addition to his general education, he received technical training in civil engineering and followed that line of work for a time. He also served as instructor in telegraphy and has held positions as mechanical engineer and locomotive engineer. Later he became a minister of the gospel, which profession he has followed for the past thirty years. He has been a member of the Newark Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church for the last twenty-five years. He received the degree of Ph. B. from McKendree in 1894. He also received from other institutions the degrees of Ph. D. and D. D. He was married November 12, 1879, to Miss Sarah D. Nichols. They have two sons, Elwood F. and Albert K. Dr. Fowler is a thirty-second degree Mason and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. HARRY F. GADEKY Harry F. Gadeky was born at Trenton, Illinois. His par- ents were Louis and Alice Gadeky. He entered the Law Department of McKendree in 1892 and graduated in the class of 1894. receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married January I, 1907, and has one daughter, Margaret, who was born April 6, 1909. After his graduation he was engaged for some time in mercantile business; was several years editor of the Lebanon Leader. After that he went to CaUfornia and engaged in the real estate business. For a number of years he has been located in Los Angeles. He is a member of B. P. O. E., and the Loyal Order of the Moose. FREDERIC B. HARDING Frederic Benjamin Harding was born at Belleville, Illinois. His parents, William and Elizabeth Harding, were of English nationality. They were residents of Lebanon when Fred entered McKendree College in the fall of 1889. He graduated in 1894, receiving the degree of B. S., and in 1897, M. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. While still a student he took great interest in civic reforms and in 1890 was a candidate for Congress on the Prohibition ticket. He took a law course in Washington University and received the degree of LL. B. from that institution. He practiced law for some years in East St. Louis, and was a member of the firm of Harding Brothers, real estate dealers in that city. He was married in 1900 to Miss Mary E. Gohn. They have one daughter, Marion E. Harding. He died in E. St. Louis in 1924. WALTER C. HARDING Walter Charles Harding was born in Belleville, lUinois, January 14, 1873. He was a son of William and Elizabeth Harding, who were natives of England. He entered McKeO ' dree in 1889 and graduated in 1894, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society, and was full back on the McKendree foot ball team. After his graduation, he obtained a position as clerk in Danville, Illinois, which he held until the summer of 1897, when he was stricken with typhoid fever, which after a lingering illness proved fatal. His funeral was held at the First M. E. Church, Belleville, on Sunday, August 29, 1897. The inter- ment was at Green Mount Cemetery. ROBERT H. HARDING Robert Henry Harding was born at Belleville, Illinois, Jan- uary II, 1871 He is a son of William and Elizabeth Harding who were natives of Tomsbury, England. He became a student in McKendree in March 1889 and graduated in Three Hundred and Forty-Three June 1894, receiving the degree of A. B. In iSgi, on completion of the law course he was granted the degree of LL. B. and in 1897, A. M. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was married March 8, 1898 to Miss Nina Theresa Jepson of Lebanon, also a graduate of McKendree in the class of 1893,. They have three children, Harold W., Nina Ruth (deceased 1925), and Robert J. Mr. Harding practiced law in East St. Louis from 1895 until 1902. Since that time he has been engaged in the real estate business as a member of the firm of Harding Brothers 6? Company. He has been an active worker in the cause of prohibition. In 1902 he was a candidate for the office of Clerk of the Supreme Court of Illinois, on the Prohibition ticket. From 1904 to 1908 he was a member of the State Central Committee of the Prohibition Party. He is a member of the Methodist Episcc pal Church. JUDGE JOHN E. HILLSKOETTER John E. Hillskoetter was born at East Framington, Polk County, Wisconsin. His parents were natives of Germany. He became a student in the Law Schoo l of McKendree College in 1892 and after completing the course received the degree of LL. B. in 1894. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was admitted to the bar and began the practice of law in Edwardsville, Illinois in 1894. He held the office of City Attorney of Edwardsville for two terms. In 1902 he was elected County Judge of Madison County and was re-elected in 1906 and 1910 by large majorities. He has held the office of president of the Association of County and Probate Judges of Illinois. He is a member of the following lodges: Masons, Odd Fellows, Red Men, Elks, and Knights of Pythias. He is a Republican in politics; and a member of the Edwardsville Commercial Club. He was married June 2j, 1903 to Miss Medora A. Judd. Their home is in Edwardsville. REV. GEORGE E. McCAMMON, D. D. George Edward McCammon was born at Metropolis. Illinois, March 18, 1867. He is a son of M. E. and Mary E. McCammon who are both native Americans of Scotch ' Irish descent. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1891 and graduated in 1894 receiving the degree of A. B. In 1910 he received the honorary degree of D. D. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He has been for many years a member of McKendree ' s Joint Board as a Con- ference Visitor and in 1913 he was elected a Trustee of the college. After his graduation he, having already been received in full membership in the Southern Illinois Conference, was appointed pastor at Mound City where he continued for five years. He then spent a year at school in Garrett Biblical In- stitute. Then beginning 1900, he served the following charges: Du Quoin three years; Carbondale five years; East St. Louis one year; and Mount Vernon four years. In 19 13, he was appointed field secretary of the Wesley Foundation to provide for the religious welfare of the Methodist students at the University of Illinois. He was married to his present wife September 20, 1901. They have five children. He was elected president of McKendree in 1919. He will be further mentioned in the account of his administration. MRS. MINNIE PIERCE EAGLETON Minnie Augusta Pierce was born at Mt. Vernon, Illinois, November 9, 1870. By reason of having attended other schools, she was able to take advanced standing when she entered McKendree in 1892. and therefore graduated in 1894 with the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. A few days after graduation, she wa= married to her classmate, L. O. Eagleton, June 14, 1894. PROF. ERWIN H. RUNKWITZ PROF, and MRS. RUNKWITZ Erwin Herman Runkwitz was born on a farm near Leb- anon, where he now lives, February 16, 1872. He is the son of Herman Runkwitz, who died in 1897 and Aurelia Budina who lives in California. Mr. Runkwitz attended the country schools when a boy and then the Carbondale Normal for a time, after which he was a student in McKendree for several years, and a member of the Philo Society. He graduated in the class of 1894, receiving the de- gree of B. S. Three years later he received the degree of Mas- ter of Science from McKendree. Since 1895, Mr. Runkwitz has spent his life in educational work in the vicinity of his own home. For as much as a quarter of a century he has taught in the schools of O ' Fallon, though for a while he taught in Lebanon. At present he is a member of the faculty Three Hundred diid Fortv-Fom in the O ' Fallon Township High School. In his years of edu- cational work, more than eight hundred pupils have come under his instruction. During all these years he has also supervised and managed his form which has been his pet ' manent residence. He is a lover of nature and has made a number of interesting collections, such as birds eggs, miner ' als, etc., scientifically classified. Mrs. Runkwitz was formerly Caroline Reuss, a daughter of Julius and Sophia (Engelman) Reuss, both of whom are still living at the old Reuss homestead. Caroline was born April 20, 1878, went through the public schools and attended McKendree College. She was graduated from the Music Department of McKendree in 1897, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She was married to Prof. Runkwitz, July 20, 1898. Their three children are Alice, Erwin Herman, Jr , and Julius. The first two are both graduates of McKendree and the youngest has attended McKendree for one year. PROF, ANDREW D. WARDE Andrew Daniel Warde was born at Hartwick, New York, January 20, 1864. He received his preliminary edu, cation in his native state, receiving his bachelor ' s degree in 1892. He did graduate work in McKendree, receiving the degree of M. S. in 1894 and some time later. Ph. D. He married Mary Ida Amos of Chicago. They have one son. Professor Warde has devoted his life to educational work, having taught for twelve years in his native state, several years in Scio College, and in recent years in Buena Vista College at Storm Lake, Iowa. He is a member of the Episcopal Church. REV. FLETCHER L. WEST, Ph. D. Fletcher Lummis West was born in the State of New Jersey m the year 1861. He is one of the four sons of John and Rebecca M. (Read) West, who were both both Ameri- cans. He took a teachers ' course in a New Jersey State Normal School and spent some years in teaching. In the early eighties, he came to Illinois. In 1884, he joined the Southern Illinois Conference. It was after he had preach- ed several years that he took his courses at McKendree. He received the degree of B. S. in 1893 and later the degree of M. S. and Ph. D. He was for many years a member of Mc, Kendree ' s Joint Board of Trustees and Visitors, and served long as secretary of that body. He was an honorary member of both the Philosophian and Platonian Literary Societies, having been elected while he was pastor of the Lebanon M. E. Church. Other important pastorates were East St. Louis, Centralia, and Mt. Carmel. At the last named place he se- cured the erection of one of the best church buildings m the conference. He was also secretary of the Southern Illinois Conference. While still holding this position he was trans- ferred in 190 1 to the Newark Conference. He entered the retired relation in 1927. He was married in 188s: to Miss Laura J. Howell. Their only son died in early childhood. REV. DR. CHARLES W. WYNANT Charles Wesley Wynant was born at Urbana, Ohio, October 2, 1862. He was the son of Rev. John Wesley and Hannah Wynant. He received his college education principally at Denison University, Granville, Ohio, a Bap- tist Institution. But the last year of his college course was taken at McKendree and he received the degree of B. S. in 1894. He was converted and joined the Baptist Church at the age of eighteen; but when he was twenty-three, became a member of the Methodist church, and after teaching several years he entered the ministry. He was a member of the Southern Illinois Conference six years. In May 1899, was transferred to the Northwest Kansas Conference and gave the remaining ten years of his life to the service of God and the church in that field. He was appointed by Bishop Joyce, presiding elder of the Concordia District. He was m his fourth year on the district when death ended his labors while at Ocean Grove, N. J., where he had gone as a member of the committee on the Ecumenical Conference, July 24, 1909. MRS. CLARA ZERWECK MASON Clara Lee Zerweck was born at Lebanon, Illinois, Feb- ruary J, 1874. She is the eldest daughter of Louis and Mary E. (Thomas) Zerweck, who are both native Americans. Her father was born in Cleveland, Ohio. After passing through the pubUc schools of Lebanon she entered McKendree in 1889. She graduated m 1894, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She taught music for some years, and in January, 1909, she was married to Mr. L. W. Mason of Mayfield, Ken- tucky. They have one son. Lew Wallace Mason, Jr. Mrs. Mason is a member of the Presbyterian church and the Rebekah Lodge of the I. O. O. F. Mrs. Mason has been for a number of years a teacher m the Lebanon Public Schools. Her son is a pupil in the high school. The members of Dean Edwards evening classes in East St. Louis, which at that time constituted a regular division of the Law Department, were members of the graduating class of 1894 and all received the degree of LL. B. They all resided in East St. Louis at that time. Their names were as follows: J. Leon Benwell; Jesse W. Blythe; William Bott; Charles T. Gibson; William K. Hays; Andrew E. Henderson; Anthony A. Hunt; W. Fish McGinnitie; Thomas C. McHale; Mau- rice F. Tissier; Daniel G. Wuersch. Three Hundred and F ortyFn CHAPTER XXIX. President Chamher]ins Administration HE Board met in June, 1894, with serious problems before it. The presi- dent had resigned; there had been nothing paid on the debt: and the first mort- gage note, held by Mrs. Rebecca Forman of O ' Fallon, was due July 19. She had already notified them that there would be no further extension of time, and that unless it was paid she would institute foreclosure proceedings. There was no candidate for the presidency. There seemed to be no one wanting a posi- tion so full of difficulty. The old college was like a ship on the rocks, with the tide re- ceding and the pilot gone. After much delib- eration, the Board elected Dr. Thomas A. Parker as presi- dent. He was a McKendree graduate of superior ability and ripe experience, who had already achieved things worth while. He had attained high distinction as a preacher, and in the educational field had held the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction in the state of Missouri. He was elected without his knowledge and immediately informed of the action of the Board. He came and looked over the ground and con- sidered the situation carefully and decided not to accept either the honor or the responsibility. This of course was after the Board had adjourned. The Executive Commit ' tee immediately assembled to consider what must be done- They decided that the man for this difficult place was the Hon. McKendree H. Chamberlin. He had never been engaged in educational work, but the committee thought that under the circumstances the best man for the place was one that could raise the money to pay the debt. When first approached on the subject, Mr. Chamberlin refused to consider it. But Mr. Alexander W. Morriss, the only man of means on the committee, declared that he would not stand for another dollar unless Mac would take hold and pull the old college out of the mire So he agreed to think it over. After center ' ing his thought on the matter for a few days he began to see in it a Providential call. He had a very close natural connec tion with the college. His father. Rev. David Chamberlin, was one of the subscribers to the original fund for the found- ing of the institution in 1828. He had been for a time a Methodist itinerant, and later he was a local preacher and lived in Lebanon. In the late thirties, when Dr. Merrill was president, David Chamberlin was in charge of the boarding DR. M. H. CHAMBERLIN department of the college and with his family lived m the original college building. It was at this time that his youngest son was born. November 17, i8j8. He was named McKen- dree Hypes Chamberlin. Thus it came about that he was born in the college, and named after Bishop McKendree and Uncle Ben Hypes. He grew up in the college atmosphere, en- tered the preparatory department as early as the rules would permit, and was graduated m 1859 with the A. B. degree and the first honors of his class. He then went to the Harvard Law School, completed the course, and received the degree of Bachelor of Laws. In later years he received the honorary degree of LL. D. from Grant University at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and in 1906 the same degree from the University of Illinois. He was mar- ried to Miss Helen L. Dana at Kansas City, June 8, 1869. Their only son is Cliffiard Dana Chamberlin, who grad- uated from McKendree in 1898. He practiced law in Kansas City for some time and later in Beardstown, Illinois. In 1872 he was a Republican candidate for Congress in the Springfield district which had been over- whelmingly Democratic. He was defeated by a very small majority. He tried various other enterprises but did not meet with what the world calls success, though he was a man of sound judgment, keen intelligence, excellent social qualities, polished manners, and unusual tact and urbanity in his con- tact with both friend and stranger. He was a man of vision and saw in his mind so many great things which he hoped to accomplish, that he was accused by some of being visionary. For almost half a century he had been cherishing dreams of what McKendree should become in the years ahead. He had been the leading spirit of the Educational Convention in 1868 which commemorated the fortieth anniversary of McKen- dree ' s founding, and which he hoped would result in the liberal endowment of the institution. He had tried the gold fields of the west and the stock markets of the east in the hope of making a fortune that he might bestow it upon his alma mater as an endowment. Up to this time none of his efforts had attained any considerable degree of success finan- cially. But now he was offered the presidency and he got a new vision. It occurred to him that here was a Divine call to task through which he might accomplish the dream of his Three Hundred and Forty-Six MC KENDREE lite to endow McKendree. If he could not make the money himself, perhaps he could induce others who had met with fin.mcial success, to furnish the money that would place the old college on a firm foundation and assure her future for all time to come. With this view of the case he accepted the offer of the presidency, feeling that he was herein answering a divine call. One of his friends said that he beUeved Mac had been fighting a call to the ministry during all the years since youth and that was why he had not succeeded any better in any of his many undertakings; but that the presidency of a Christian college was so near the equivalent of the ministry that the Lord would compromise with him and grant him success in this laudable undertaking. The Board was called together in a special session on July i8 and confirmed the action of the Executive Committee in electing Mr. Chamberlm, president. The note was due the next day. Mrs. Forman was interviewed and consented to postpone foreclosure long enough to see what the new presi- dent could do. Here was the situation. The institution was under a burden of debt of $5,500 with no resources for its liquidation. It had less than $25,000 of productive endow- ment. The interest on the debt would counterbalance enough to bring it under $20,000. The institution was about to go under the sheriff ' s hammer to be sold for debt. The dismal financial situation would probably have its effect on the attendance. The rumors that floated about were not at all conservative. Financial matters so absorbed the energy of the President that he could not give much attention to a canvass for students. The vacancies m the fliculty were filled by the election of William C. Walton to the chair of Greek and Professor Fred Pesold to the head of the music department, with his daughter OtiUia as assistant in piano. It so happened that when the enrollment was complete there was no slump, but a shght increase. President Chamberlin went to confer- ence, made an enthusiastic speech, and aroused the interest of many of the preachers. But for the first year his efforts were chiefly financial. After thinking the situation over long and carefully he reached this conclusion. The college must have at least $100,000 of new endowment to make its founda- tion safe. But he could not ask for endowment until the old debt was paid. Therefore he announced that he would expect the people of Lebanon to pay the debt, then he would ask a wider constituency to furnish the endowment. So he began his canvass of the citizens of Lebanon. It was necessary to give many of them a larger vision of what the college was worth to Lebanon, in order to induce them to get under the load with large enough contributions to lift the debt. President Chamberlin was of a very emotional tempera- ment. On the subiect of McKendree he always felt deeply. And when he was protraying the sacrifices which the fathers had made for McKendree in the days gone by, the tears often flowed freely. One good German lady, after hearing his pre- sentation of McKendree ' s claims, and noting the earnestness of his speech and the tears in his eyes, suggested that she would like to engage him on the spot, to preach her funeral when the time came. The debt raising was a tremendous task. It took the greater part of the year. The difficulty of the task was increased many fold when just before Chirstmas came the failure of Henry Seller ' s bank. This not only cancelled Mr. Seiter ' s subscription of five hundred dollars, which headed the list, but also entailed upon the people of Lebanon who were depositors in the bank, a loss of over sixty thousand dollars. The undertaking seemed almost hopeless; but Presi- dent Chamberlin was fired with an enthusiasm which was equal to that of some of the old prophets of Israel ; so he kept on in the face of discouragements. The winter passed and spring came. Still he lacked one thousand dollars of reaching the goal. One day in May he went to O ' Fallon to see Mrs. Forman and tell her of his success or the lack of it. He found her at home with Miss Jennie Scott who lived with her. She seemed to think that the payment of this loan was merely a matter of business and did not call for any sentiment. But Dr. Chamberlin began to tell her the story of McKendree and the sacrifice of its founders, and what they had endured that the college might exist to bless the world, and how many parents had sacrificed that their children might get an educa- tion, and thus be more useful to humanity and the age in which they lived. As the subject grew upon him the Spirit of the Lord possessed him and he became as truly inspired as Amos the preacher of righteousness or Jeremiah the weeping prophet. The old lady ' s heart was touched as it had never been before. She sat amazed at the fiery enthusiasm of the man of God before her. She had thought of the college before as a borrower who was honest but unfortunate and slow to pay. Now she looked upon its representative as a messenger of Jehovah sent to reveal to her the truth which she had never even suspected before. She saw McKendree College in a new light and began to realize how important it was that the institution should live on and continue the work it had been doing. She now saw that money invested in that kind of an enterprise might go on forever bringing in returns in the form of world betterment and the development of human character and talent for usefulness, instead of a paltry six per cent. After a while she looked through her tears at this spirit- Three Hundred and Forty-Seven MC KENDREE tilled prophet who stood before her with a divine light in his eye, and said, How much do you need? Immediately he replied, One thousand dollars will clear the debt and enable us to go on with our program . Turning to Miss Scott she said, Jennie, get out that box . Miss Scott pulled a sort of treasure chest from under the bed and unlocked it. Then from its contents Mrs. Forman carefully counted out one thousand dollars in cold cash and gave it to President Cham- berlin. Take this , she said, and use it in the Lord ' s work . Thus the debt which had clouded McKendree ' s horizon for years was paid off. Later, in the fall of 1895, Mrs. Forman gave two thousand dollars more to install a steam heating plant in the three buildings which the college had at that time. Dr. Chamberlin had a marble tablet commemorating the donor placed in the brick chimney at the north end of the Science Hall. The system is still in service, tho it has been enlarged as new conditions required. The paying of this debt was such an important factor in the subsequent expansion of the college that we insert here the names of the donors with the amounts contributed by each. The total was $5550.00. Dr. B. M. Hypes $500.00 Henry W. Blanck 100.00 Charles P. Johnson 3,00.00 W. Lee Nichols 500.00 Charles T. Wise 100.00 John D. Johnson 200.00 J. M. ChamberHn 250.00 Herbert S. Morriss 100.00 Wm. C. Jones 250.00 A. W. Morriss 250.00 Young Turner 100.00 Pfeffer Milling Co. 100.00 C. fe? H. Reinhardt 125.00 J. J. Lysakowski 100.00 Hamilton Brown Shoe Co. 25.00 T. A. Wilson 100.00 C. H. Sager 100.00 G. W. Remick 50.00 E. L. Waggoner 100.00 C. L. Walrath 100.00 J. C. Eisenmayer 50.00 Wm. Harding 100.00 John Burton 100.00 M. H. Presley 50.00 Fred Pesold 100.00 John S. Harris 100.00 Hiram Sears 10.00 Charles Reinhardt, Sr. 100.00 Dr. A. C. Bernays 500.00 Mrs. Rebecca Forman 1,000.00 The commencement of 1895 was full of enthusiasm. Pres- ident Chamberlin had proved his ability to handle a difficult situation. He had accomplished what no president had for a score of years before. The Board did not know just what to expect of him, but they gave him free rein and they had suspicions that great things might happen. Dr. Chamberlin felt that now with the debt out of the way, one thing more was necessary before the college would have sufficient self-respect to ask men of means for the money it needed for endowment, and that was to repair and re- habilitate the run-down buildings. So during the vacation of 1895, he turned his attention to that matter. He again appealed to the people of Lebanon for the means to restore the old buildings to a condition which would be attractive to students. Lebanon did not fail him. A larger number took part in this than in the debt-paying because smaller amounts would be acceptable. Since this improvement was another important step in McKendree ' s expansion, we give here a list of the donors as found in the records of the Joint Board. Mrs. Rebecca Forman $2,000.00 H. S. Morriss 10.00 W. I. Pond 5.00 Fred Guerin 50.00 J. M. Chamberlin, Jr. 10.00 William Brownlee 5.00 Rev. J. F. Corrington 25.00 0. C. Pfennighausen 10.00 W. J. Goings 5.00 Reinhardt ■ Peach 25.00 John Rollo 10.00 Joseph D. Rockwell 5.00 Ernst Grauel 10.00 W. E. Berger 10.00 Stephen Bailey 2.00 Louden ? Chamberlin 10.00 J. S. Duncan 10.00 John Padfield 2.00 Herman J. Blanck 10.00 Fred Pesold 10.00 Drew Glass Co. 1. 00 Dr. E. C. Hammen 10.00 C. H. Sager Hdwe .Co 10.00 McK. L. Cole 1. 00 Adolphus North 10.00 10.00 College Faculty Henry Traband 12.00 5.00 Rev. J. W. Van Cleve Total 1. 00 James S. Gedney $2,284.00 3u828flil l9gj A Three Hundred and Forty-Eight MC KENDREE fe ... .-„ Professor Fred Pesold, head of the Music Department under Chamberlin ' s Administration and his son, Arnold F. Pesold, who taught violin Besides these cash donations, Mr. J. C. SomerviUe, of St. Louis, furnished window glass to the amount of about three hundred dollars. The windows of Old Main were changed so that they had two panes of glass instead of twenty-four. The windows of the other buildings were likewise modern- ized. Another gift at this time was a portrait of Dr. Akers, a fine oil painting by John Lupton. A suitable frame for it was donated by Fred Guerin, of St. Louis. The preliminary work having been accomplished, Dr. Chamberlm set out to find a hundred thousand dollars of new endowment for Mc- Kendree. He had a considerable acquaintance in St. Louis, and naturally tried to cultivate that field. But the moneyed men of that city had scarcely ever heard of McKendree Col ' lege; however, recognizing the fact that it must be a worthy cause which he represented, would offer him a pledge of fifty or a hundred dollars. But these he steadfastly refused as being too small a scale on which to initiate so great an enterprise. He was greatly handicapped in his work by lack of means to pay expenses. His salary, after the first year, was fixed at twelve hundred dollars, but the old rule was strictly en- forced that the salaries should be paid pro rata to the extent of the income of the college, and that any unpaid balance should not stand as a debt against the college. During the early years of Dr. Chamberlin ' s term, the members of the faculty actually received from sixty to eighty per cent of their small salaries. As the college seemed unable to provide an expense fund. Dr. Chamberlin spent a good part of his paying the expenses of his college work, and his family lived the best they could on the balance. He frequently compared himself with the Israelites in Egypt, compelled to make bricks without straw. Finally Mrs. Henrietta Cramp, of Bloommgton, through the influence of her brother-in-law. Rev. Lemuel Cramp, who was one of Dr. Chamberhn ' s classmates in McKendree, provided about two thousand dollars as an expense fund. With this his sphere of operation was enlarged. He reso ' lutely adhered to his plan of getting a subscription of not less than $20,000 to head the list. After many months of effort, he finally secured a pledge of that amount from Dr. D. K. Pearsons, of Chicago. The Doctor was an eccentric individual, well-advanced m years at that time. He had re- tired from medical practice and was spending his last years in giving away the fortune which he had acquired through the rise in value of Chicago real estate. His idea was to help small colleges. He declared that it was the best fun in the world. His benefactions to colleges before his death amount- ed to more than four milUons of dollars; and this was dis- tributed among scores of struggling institutions which ap- preciated it more than the big universities did the larger gifts of the multi-millionaires. Even with this good start. Dr. Chamberlin had a Herculean task. There were not many really wealthy men in Southern Illinois at that time, and those who had wealth were not trained to give in thousands. Dr. Pearsons ' pledge was conditioned on raising the remain- der of the $100,000 by a certain time. But the time limit had to be moved forward several times before it could be said that the conditions were really met. It was not until in April, igo-i:, that Dr. Chamberlin announced in chapel one morning that every dollar of the hundred thousand of new endowment had been subscribed. The students went wild with enthusiasm. A holiday was declared and they proceeded to celebrate. How a group of students hitched themselves to a carriage and hauled the faculty around over town has been told in another place. That evening scores of the citizens called at Dr. Chamber- lin ' s home and offered their congratulations. Many speeches were made, indicating the high degree of loyalty and good- will for the college and its president that was to be found in the hearts of many of the people. Also the boys rang the old college bell as another outlet for their enthusiasm. Its tones of victory floated out on the night air hour after hour the whole night long, and the ringing did not cease till break of day. We have not at hand a complete list of the subscribers to this first real endowment fund the college ever had; but a few of the principal givers, those whose subscriptions amounted to one thousand dollars or more, were: Dr. Pearsons, Preston M. Johnston, John M. Mitchell, Charles S. Deneen, Mrs. Lucia I. Priest, Mrs. J. F. Robinson, Three Hundred and Forty] i J. T. Keplinger, Dr. P. G. Manley, M. B. Woodworth, James E. Kelsey, and Judge Ethelbert Callahan. Dr. Chamberlin realized that this was only the beginning of what ought to be done in this field. No church college can run successfully and maintain proper standards without more than a hundred thousand dollars of endowment. However, this seemed such a vast sum compared with any endowment that McKendree had ever had before that some felt that everybody ought to be satisfied with it and let the matter rest. But Dr. Chamber- lin fully intended to continue his efforts until there should be at least a half million of productive endowment. The Board provided him an expense fund, and like some of the college agents in the early days, he went East where there IS supposed to be a surplus of wealth merely waiting for a chance to be invested in some benevolent enterprise. He did not find it an easy matter but he did gain access to some of the agencies of benevolence and secured a subscrip- tion of $25,000 from the Clark Brothers, of Philadelphia, and the same amount from Andrew Carnegie, conditioned on the completion of another hundred thousand to be used either for endowment or new buildings. He later induced Dr. Pearsons to subscribe $10,000 more and there the matter rested for a while. In his report to the Board at their meeting in 1906, Dr. Chamberlin gave his idea of the functions of a college, which seems worth quoting here: The function of a college is not to guarantee perfect scholarship nor a complete knowledge of the subjects offered to and pursued by its students, even though they may have been passed to graduation. It is rather to furnish such knowledge of the various subjects pursued as will give the student a proper conception of their import; and the power to compare and correlate, that he may be intelligently fitted of himself to continue, by original research, along any of the lines to which he has given the four years of study incident to a college course; or to adequately equip him for successfully continuing his investigation in the best schools of technology. He also had very definite convictions on the subject of college athletics. We quote again from the same report: In what we have said concerning the college curricula, it will be noticed that no mention is made of athletics, for the reason that it has no proper place in that category. It is a mere incident to college life. While that should be its true status, it is nevertheless a fact that, in some of the larger universities, as well as many of the colleges, the incident is fast becoming the dominant factor with a large portion of the students in such institutions. The pretext used by the ad- herents of the more strenuous sports in college life, are as fallacious as the sports are reprehensible. The plea, long since used in defense of that most indefensible game, football, to the effect that it gives the needed exercise for the promotion of the highest type of physical development, and is the most successful method of creating college spirit, was very effec- tively ventilated during the discussion of that subject last fall by the public press, as well as college authorities. In spite of the fact that the tendency of the press, the country over, was emphatically adverse to the game, and its barbarities were so mercilessly exposed, there were no good-faith ameli- orative rules adopted for the government of the gridiron; the season closing with twenty-seven deaths and one hun- dred and forty persons seriously disabled by broken limbs and kindred occurrences. Granting for the sake of argument that this particular type of exercise does promote the highest type of physical development, an institution which permits it is placed in the stultifying position of giving special priv- ileges to the welfare of eleven of its students, at the expense of all the others who have greater need of its advantages than the stalwart few who have been gathered together as a team, by some ambitious high-priced coach, after raking the entire country, as with a fine-toothed comb, to secure the most effective material for his team. It must be admitted that the argument in favor of such a cruel sport is well- grounded, if the chief object of an institution of learning is to promote so-called physical culture at the expense of human life and the broken bodies of the contestants. Serious as are the consequences named in connection with this so-called sport. President Eliot, of Harvard, names the above indicated evils as the smallest part of the objectionable features of football, stating in substance, that it is a fight, and that it promotes commerciahsm, professionalism, coupled with bad faith, deceit, and anything-to-win tactics, thereby giving to both the prize fight and the bull fight a place of moral respec- tability above that of the college game we are discussing. To localize our remarks, at the opening of the fall term, we exacted from the members of the McKendree team that they should, within a given time, obtain the written consent of their parents before being permitted to play the game. This it seemed difficult for them to secure, judging from the time it took many of them to meet the requirement. On personal consultation with the parents in four separate fam- ilies, living in Lebanon, whose sons were on the McKendree team, it was found that in each case they were strenuously opposed to the game. Notwithstanding that fiict, through the importunity of their sons, coupled with the quasi-endorse- Three Hundred dnd F (ty JMC KENDREE . :s: :rs r ment of the game by the college in permitting it, written consent was given. I pause to ask the question ' Can any institution of learning justify its attitude, by either sustain- ing or permitting a condition of things which teaches dis- loyalty to the precepts taught at the hearth-stone? ' The above suggestions touching football are our warrant for recommending its unconditional abolishment. It might be said in this connection that the abuses found in all college games may be traced very largely to their intercollegiate character. The stimulus of rivalry in contests purely physical, between teams of different institutions, where less than a dozen contestants are engaged on each side, infects the whole body of students. Trainloads, in many places, go as ' rooters ' and representatives of their respective institutions, until demoralization in college work proper naturally follows, while the victors are welcomed home with demonstrations which, in many instances, are a violation of state and mu- nicipal laws, both civil and criminal. It is no extravagance to say that many of our institutions of learning are schools of anarchy. Anarchy is disobedience to law, and as before stated, the infraction by students of both the civil and criminal code is not uncommon. If our colleges are to be schools where sound learning is to be dis- pensed and character made, all such lawlessness must be uprooted. The interdiction of inter-collegiate games would go far toward curing all these evils, and their abrogation before they become established factors in our college life would prove fruitful of beneficial results. Some institutions have already adopted the policy with the very best results, and have made themselves popular in the homes of the peo- ple, for the reason that the parents feel that their children will be safeguarded, under such regulations, from many of the dangerous influences with which some of our colleges are compelled to contend because of these repre hensible practices. I do not wish to be understood as being opposed to athletics. Physical culture is important, and field sports on a home field are not to be discouraged. Some plan should be devised whereby our gymnasium might be well-equipped and a physical culture teacher employed to take in hand the training of the students. In like manner he should have the control of the field sports, and stand for a system of phy- sical culture leading to healthful bodily development, with the strenuous and demoraHzing games, requiring itineration, entirely eliminated. Dr. Chamberlin found the majority of the Board in sym- pathy with his views at that time. So foot ball was officially prohibited, as well as all intercollegiate contests. A physical director was employed to take charge of gymnasium classes and home field sports. Professor Bertram E. Wiggins was the teacher employed for this work. He organized regular classes in various lines of gymnasium work, such as tumbling, trapeze work, parallel bars, Indian clubs, etc. In order to secure a spirit of competition, he organized basket ball teams in Philo and Plato and had them play against each other. The spirit of competition was excellent. They had cultivated that sort of thing in the literary societies until some of them had a rather strong spirit of animosity toward each other, but in the basket ball contests their contact was much closer and the feeling of opposition developed was correspondingly more intense until it was closely akin to hatred. After two years of this policy without any football and without inter ' collegiate games of any kind, it was felt by many people of the community that there was too much of division in the school itself. Instead of all uniting against some other school, they were inclined to fight each other and lose the real college spirit. Then, too, there was much dissatisfaction among the students, and petitions were presented to the Board, asking for the restoration of intercollegiate games, and, of course, foot ball. At the meeting of 1908, feeling ran high. There was an inclination m the minds of many of the Board to reverse the athletic policy. By the second day of the meet ' ing, without having taken a vote, it was evident to the minds of some who were able to feel the pulse of the assem ' bly that this would be done. Dr. Chamberlin had already indicated to some of his intimate friends that he would not attempt to carry on as president if his athletic policy should be set aside. One of his close friends in the Board said to him, We must elect a president at this session. Say that you will accept and we will re-elect you. But while the Doctor did not plainly say that he would refuse, he would not say that he would accept. From this, the im- pression prevailed in the Board that he would not serve longer if re-elected. So the motion was, to take a ballot for president without nomination. When the ballots were count ' ed there was not a majority for any person, but there was a plurahty of five votes for Dr. John F. Harmon, and he was declared elected. Thus Dr. Chamberlin ' s term as Pres- ident of McKendree College was ended. He had completed fourteen years of service, which was the longest term that any president of McKendree had ever served, and it is still the longest that has been served in the century of McKen- dree ' s history. In some ways the results were the greatest achieved in anv administration either before or since. Three Hundred and FiftyOn .. .c c M KENDREE- fe .... The enrollment was not greatly increased during the per- iod. The total was two hundred and eight the year before he began and two hundred and forty-six the year he finished. Though at one time the total was slightly more than three hundred, yet it was made up largely of music and art stu- dents. It was not Dr. Chamberlin ' s usual policy to encourage the side lines, but he emphasized the plain four-year college course, including plenty of work in the Classic Languages and Philosophy. During his term one building was erected. This was the gymnasium, built in 1902. The greater part of the money for its construction was given by Andrew Eisenmayer, of Trenton, so it was called the Eisenmayer Gymnasium. It was originally a plain, rectangular building, forty by eighty feet in dimensions, and equipped with a bowling alley. But later this was removed to give room to play basket ball. Some years afterward, wings were added on each side to furnish seating capacity for the crowds at the basket ball games. During the Chamberlin administration, the endowment was increased from twenty-four thousand to one hundred and thirty-seven thousand. At the same time the salaries of the professors were increased from about seven hundred dollars annually to one thousand two hundred, paid in full. He also secured the subscription of $60,000 of the $100,000 that was later put into the dormitories and dining hall. He did much to secure the recognition of McKendree College in educational circles and in the councils of the church. He was able to utilize the services of the bishops and other prominent leaders of the church for baccalaureate sermons to a greater extent than any of his predecessors had done. Among the bishops who came to McKendree during that period were. Berry, Walden, FitzGerald, McDowell, Ander- son, and Luccock. When Bishop FitzGerald was the resident bishop at St. Louis, he used to come out to Dr. Chamberlin ' s home occasionally, just to rest up a little. He also used his influence generously to assist in promoting Dr. Chamberlin ' s plans and the interests of McKendree. President Chamberlin was a Lay Delegate from the Southern Illinois Conference to the General Conference at Cleveland in 1896, and again to the one in Chicago in 1900. He was chosen a delegate to the Ecumenical Conference held in London in 1901. He was a member of the Rhodes Scholarship Commission for Illinois during the years 1904-1908, and a trustee of the Illinois State Historical Society, 1904-1910. While connected with the last- named organization, he secured the inclusion of the main facts concerning the early history of McKendree in one of their publications, and thus made them accessible to the later his- torian for all time to come. In 1905, the year that he tinished the tisk of raising the hundred thousand dollar endowment fund, a number of his friends and friends of the college made up a sum sufficient to buy the Herbert Morriss home, in which Dr. Chamberlin had already been living for some time and which was then the property of Dr. Hypes. It was valued at $4,000 or more, but Dr. Hypes himself made a big contribution by a big reduction in the price. By previous arrangement, on Com- mencement Day, at the close of the graduation exercises and the conferring of the degrees and prizes, while the chapel was filled to its capacity with a crowd of interested people, Bishop FitzGerald, who was on the platform at the time, arose and, addressing Dr. Chamberlin, made a brief but appropriate presentation speech and handed him the deed to his own home. It was a melting occasion. Dr. Chamberlin was by nature very emotional, and he was so overcome by this unexpected evidence of good will that he was unable to utter a word for a little time. The Bishop started the old song, Blest be the tie that binds, and the audience joined in. After singing a few verses, the nervous tension was re- lieved, and then Dr. Chamberlin expressed his gratitude in a few fitting words, and the people went home feeling that they had been present on a great and historic occasion. In 1908, at the time of his retirement. Dr. Chamberlin was seventy years old and his health more or less impaired by the strenuous life he had lived for fourteen years in the service of the college. It was not likely that he would be able to take up a new job. The Board designated him as President-Emeritus of McKendree, with a salary of six hun- dred dollars a year. They also made him a Trustee, and he was thus a member of the Board. This was soon after the establishment of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advance- ment of Teaching. One of the functions of this organization was to furnish retiring allowances for teachers in higher institutions of learning. Earnest efforts were made by his friends, both in Lebanon and St. Louis, to have him placed on the list for a retiring allowance. But there were two rules in the code of the Carnegie Foundation which it was impossible to get by. One was to exclude all denominational colleges from their list. That kept McKendree out as a col- lege. The other was that fifteen years of service was the minimum that would make an individual teacher eligible, provided all other conditions were met. Dr. Chamberlin had served only fourteen years, and so all efforts to secure a pension failed. About two years after becoming President- Emeritus, he sold his home and went to live in the sunny land of Southern California. His home for the rest of his Three Hundred and Fifty-Two i life was m Los Angeles. Even m this new field, he made many friends in the evening time of life. His death occurred July 28, 1914. His body was cremated and the ashes shipped to Lebanon. With very simple funeral rites conducted by Prof. W. C. Walton, who had been his Vice-president at McKendree, they were laid to rest in College Hill Cemetery, a spot which he had regarded as sacred during the whole span of his earthly life. Mrs. Chamberlin still lives (1928) in California with her son and grandson. She was her hus- band ' s great inspiration during all their married lite, and now IS only waiting to join him again in the life to come. A resolution expressing appreciation of Dr. Chamberlin ' s work m behalf of the college was presented by Rev. F. W. Loy, D. D., and was unanimously adopted. It reads as follows : To McKendree Hypes Chamberlin, A. M., LL. D., Pres- ident-Emeritus of McKendree College, Sir: The Joint Board of Trustees and Visitors of McKendree College, in annual session assembled, June 11, 1908, as an expression of appreciation of the enthusiastic and able ser- vices rendered by you to McKendree College in its time of need, unanimously adopted the following resolution: Whereas, Doctor M. H. Chamberlin, as President of Mc- Kendree College for the past fourteen years, has by his un- tiring efforts and disinterested service, rendered to the cause of Higher Christian Education, relieved the college from em- barrassing indebtedness, improved and increased its prop- erty, and added a hundred thousand dollars to its permanent endowment; and Whereas, by his wise counsel, the courses of study have been improved, and the standards of the college elevated, and by his invigorating personality, its influence has been extended; Therefore, be it resolved. That we gratefully record and heartily express our appreciation of the devotion of his exceptional powers of mind and soul, for so long a period of his life, to the upbuilding and administration of the col- lege; and our belief that whatever advancement McKendree makes in the future has been made possible by the work of Dr. M. H. Chamberlin, whose Hfe has been built into its structure, and whose name is inseparably connected with its history; and therefore, we pray upon him and upon his noble wife, and upon all who are near and dear to them by the ties of nature and of love, the benediction of our Gracious Heavenly Father, who knows the hearts of men, and who alone can reward each according to his merit. By order of the Joint Board of Trustees and Visitors of McKendree College. The following is ,1 list of instructors in McKendree who became members of the faculty during the presidency of Dr. Chamberhn. Biographies of some of these will be found elsewhere in the history : Fred Pesold, Director of the Music Department; Otillia Pesold Fulgham, Piano; Arnold Pesold, VioHn; William C. Walton, Greek; George C. Worth, Law; M. Edwin Johnson, Voice; C. Munro Sandoval, Spanish; Edward P. Perry, Expression; George A. Crow, Law; Charles R. Forster, Latin; William Earl Stilson, Mathematics; CHf- ford D. Chamberlin, Spanish; George W. Greenwood, Math- ematics; Leroy T. Weeks, English; William E. Lugenbeel, Mathematics; Frank W. Cady, English; Bertram E. Wiggins, Director of Athletics; James C. Dolley, Latin. PROF. JAMES C. DOLLEY, D Litt. James Clay Dolley was born m New Hampton, Virginia, August 7, 1865. His father was Rev. Saul B. Dolley, a mem- ber of the Baltimore Conference of the M. E. Church, South. He was a product of the Old Dominion, born in the year McKendree College was founded, and was a Methodist before the time of the division of the church over the slavery question. James C. graduated from Randolph-Macon College in Virginia, receiving his A. B. degree in 1888, and m 1898 the same institution granted him the degree of A. M. He also received the same degree from the University of Wis- consin in 1918. Immediately after his graduation, he took up educational work and has been engaged in teaching ever since, except for brief periods devoted to further preparation. Among the positions he has held are the following : President of Allegheny Collegiate Institute, Dean of Hogsett Military Academy, and Principal of Kentucky Wesleyan Academy. He has been Professor of Latin in McKendree since 1899, and by a readjustment of the work in.1915, he has also been Professor of Greek since that time. He was Vice-president of McKendree for a period of four years, and registrar for the last five years, and still holds the office. He was secretary of the faculty for many years and has long been the official editor of the catalogue. He belongs to the Classic Association of the Middle West, The Classical League of America, The National Education Association, the American Philological Association, and the Archaeological Institute of America, Chicago Branch. He has done summer graduate work in the universities of Wisconsin and Michigan. In the summer of 1924 he spent a term in the American Academy at Rome, and travelled for some time in Greece before returning home In the summer of 1926 he made a second trip abroad, during which he spent most of the time in France. He was married June 7, 1896, to Miss Mary Turnley, of Spottsylvania Court Three Hundred and Fifty-Three House, Virginia, who was his most etBcient helpmeet m every good work until her death in July, 1925. Three of their four sons have graduated from McKendree and are married. They are: Paul T., of Los Angeles, California; James C, of Berkeley, California; and Robert D., of Jack- sonville, Florida. The youngest son, John Seiver, is now a Junior in McKendree. Professor Dolley has also been active in religious work. Though not an ordained minister, he has frequently filled pulpits in various places on special occasions. He was treas- urer of the Lebanon Methodist Church for many years. He has also been a leader in Prohibition and Anti-Saloon League work in this section, and has served several terms in the Lebanon City Council. PROF. FRED PESOLD A remarkable musical genius, identified with the Lebanon community for more than a half century, was Professor Fred Pesold. He may well be regarded as the founder of the music department of McKendree, though he himself was willing to share the honor with his close friend of many years. Dr. William F. Swahlen. His name does not appear in the records as the first music teacher in McKendree, but he was the inspiration back of the movement. Mr. Pesold came to Lebanon from Germany in 1869 when he was only nineteen years old, and was closely associated with Lebanon interests for the rest of his life, and when his career was closed in 1926 his body was laid to rest in College Hill cemetery. For many years he conducted a jewelry store in Lebanon, but on the floor above, was his music studio and that was his real vocation. He received his musical training largely in Germany from his maternal grandfather who was a friend of Richard Wagner, the great composer. Professor Pesold ' s Music School in McKendree reached its highest peak under the presidency of Dr. Chamberlin. During that period many of his students attained the degree of Bachelor of Music. In 1909 he withdrew from the work of teaching and went to St. Louis to live, but he never ceased to be interested in Lebanon. He continued to own property there and held it as his voting place to the end of his Ufe. He served the Lebanon community not only in connection with the college, but he had something to do with improving the music of every church in Lebanon, and for many years was Director of the Lebanon Singing Society. He also served as a member of the City Council, as City Treasurer and as a member of the School Board. He was married in 1873 to Miss Louise Reinhardt, of Lebanon. All their children had musical talent, but two must receive special mention here. MRS. OTTILIA PESOLD FULGHAM His daughter Ottilia became an expert in piano and for years was his assistant as teacher of piano in McKendree. She married Dr. John H. Fulgham who was for years a prominent physician in Lebanon, and a member of the Board of Trustees of McKendree, but afterward moved to East St. Louis and is now the Coroner of St. Clair County. PROF. ARNOLD PESOLD Arnold F., the younger son of Professor Fred Pesold, born in Lebanon, very early in life manifested superior musical talent. At the age of eight he was playing the violin in the McKendree Orchestra. He delighted large audiences with his violin solos. Later when he was of suitable age he was the teacher of violin in McKendree for some years. He went to Europe and studied under the master violinists in Berlin. About that time he composed the well known Mc- Kendree March which for years was frequently heard about McKendree ' s campus. After returning from Europe he was married to Miss Irma Quante and they established their home in St. Louis. Since that time Professor Pesold has been teaching violin in St. Louis and playing for some of the large churches of the city. For fifteen years he has been a member of the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra, one of the best known musical organizations in the Mississippi Valley. For two periods he has been the violin soloist of that body. He now has a large class of violin pupils in his St, Louis Studio. THE CLASS OF LS9.5 ALONZO R. ANDERSON Alonzo R. Anderson was born at Belleville, Illinois. His parents are Abraham and Henrietta F. Anderson. He took the course in the Law Department of McKendree, receiving the degree of LL. B. in June, 1895. He did not engage in the practice of law, but at once resumed his work in the service of the International Harvester Company, in whose employ he has been ever since, according to our latest in- formation. He was married in February, 1895, to Miss K. Morris Brown, of St. Louis, Missouri. They have two chil- dren — Alonzo R., Jr., and Margaret. He is a member of the Masonic Order. ROBERT V. GUSTIN Robert Vernon Gustin was born at Andersonville, Indi- ana, November i, 1874. He became a student in McKendree in September, 1892, and graduated from the Law Department in 1895, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He was married July 18, 1899, to Miss Anna B. Lewis, of Lebanon, who was also a student in McKendree for several years. After his graduation, Mr. Three Hundred and Fifty-Four c KENDRE gs: - Gustui was Principal of the Summerfield School from 1896 to 1900 He then began the practice of law in East St. Louis, where he is still one of the prominent attorneys. He served in the World War, holding the office of Lieutenant. He is a member of the following lodges: Masons, Elks, Redmen, and Woodmen. Mrs. Gustin died in 1916. MRS. JESSIE JEPSON RITCHER Jessie Ormiston Jepson was born at Romeo, Michigan, January 15, 1875. She came to Lebanon in 1887 when her father became a professor in McKendree. She became a stu ' dent in the Academy in 1889, and completed the Collegiate Course in 1895, receiving the degree of A. B. She was an active member of Clio. After her graduation, she taught school for five years — three years in Troy, Illinois, and two years in Lebanon. She was married June 25, 1902, to Charles E. Ritcher, an attorney-at-law in East St. Louis. After living in that city for some years, they went West and located m Omaha, Nebraska, where she died in 1918, leaving her husband and three children. REV. PETER R. KEPLINGER Peter Russell Keplinger was born at Hornsby, Illinois, July 23, 1871. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1888 and graduated in the class of 1895, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. His two brothers and sister were all students at McKendree for some time, but none of the others graduated. After fin- ishing his course at McKendree, he entered Garrett Biblical Institute and received the degree of S. T. B. from that insti ' tution. He was married in 1901 and has two sons and one daughter. He preached for several years as a member of the Southern Illinois Conference, then in Michigan for several years. Then he went West and served for several years in the mis sion fields of Wyoming. In 1912 he moved to Denver, where he remained for some years. In 1924 he was pastor of a Presbyterian Church at Brush, Colorado. REV. J. ARTHUR LARGE James Arthur Large was born at Dundas, Richland Coun- ty, Illinois, October 17, 1867. His parents were both natives of Ohio. His father was of Irish descent, and his mother, whose maiden name was Kirk, was of Scotch-Irish and Penn- sylvania Dutch ancestry. In 1872, his parents moved to a farm near Newton, Illinois. He graduated from the Newton High School in 1885, and from Hayward Collegiate Institute in 1890. He entered McKendree in 1892 and graduated in 1895, receiving the degree of A. B. He received the degree of A. M. from the University of Denver in 1910. While in McKendree, he was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. During his last year in college, he served as supply pastor at Glen Carbon, Illinois. He then joined the Southern Illinois Conference and served regular pastorates until 1905. He was then transferred to the Colorado Conference and spent the remainder of his life in that field. He was married in October, 1895, to Miss Lulu May Love. They have six children: Robert Walter, Grace Evelyn, Roy Vernon, Mary Lois, Ruth Elizabeth, and Agnes May. He died at Alamosa, Colorado, September 4, 1922. ROBERT S, LOUDEN Robert S. Louden was born near Trenton, Illinois, Octo- ber 26, 1866. He is a son of John and Rosanna (Craig) Louden, who were both natives of Ireland coming to Amer- ica m early life. He took several terms of regular college work in McKendree and completed the Law Course m 1895, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Phil- osophian Literary Society. After graduation he practiced law and engaged in the real estate and insurance business in Lebanon for several years; he then served as assistant postmaster in Lebanon for three years; then engaged in mercantile business in CoUinsville. He was a member of the Masonic Order. He was married in June, 1899, to Miss Alice Hadley, of Collinsville. They have two children, Mary and Robert. He died at Denver, Colorado, Dec. 31, 191 5. CHARLES J. MAURER Charles J. Maurer was born m St. Louis, Missouri, Aug- ust 8, 1868. While living at St. Jacob, Illinois, he came to McKendree as a student. He took only a part of the Literary Course, but completed the Law Course. He graduated in 1895, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Plato Society. He was admitted to the bar of the state of Missouri and practiced law for some years in the city of St. Louis with good success. In 191 3 he moved to St. Peters- burg, Florida, where in addition to his law business, he is engaged in raising citrus fruits. He was married August 15, 1900. He is a Mason. MRS. OLIVE MILLER CHAFFIN Olive Irene Miller was born near Caseyville, Illinois, December 7, 1875. She is a daughter of Dr. Lloyd T. Miller, who is of German ancestry, and Mrs. Margaret (Blake) Miller, American. She became a student in McKendree in September, 1891, and graduated in June, 189 ' i, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married September 6, 1899, to H. C. Chaffin, of the class of 1897. Their only son died at the age of twenty. They now Hve on the Miller farm near Caseyville. Three Hundred and Fifty-Five HON. WILLIAM E TRAUTMANN William Emil Trautmann was born near CaseyviUe. Illi- no is, August 16, 1872. He first became a student in McKen- dree in the fall of 1889 and completed the Law Course m 1895, receiving the degree of LL. B. In 1895 he completed the Scientific Course and received the degree of B. S. In 1898 he was granted the degree of Master of Science. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He began the practice of law in East St. Louis in 1897. In 1898 he was elected to the Illinois Legislature from the forty-ninth Senatorial District. He was re-elected in 1900, 1902. and 1904. In May, 1905, he was appointed by President Roosevelt to the office of United States District Attorney for the Eastern District of Illinois. He was re-appointed to the same position by President Taft in 1910. He was married November 25, 1910, to Miss Evelyn L. Kinne. They reside in East St. Louis. Mr. Trautmann is a member of the Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Elks, and Modern Woodmen ; he also belongs to the East St. Louis Commercial Club and the St. Clair Country Club. DR. HERBERT A. MORRISS Herbert Alexander Morriss was born in Chicago, De- cember ji, 1875. Later his parents moved to Lebanon and he became a student in McKendree in 1889. He graduated in 1895, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of Plato. He then took a Medical Course in St. Louis Univer- sity, and received the degree of M. D. in 1898. He then went abroad and pursued graduate studies in Medicine in Berlin and in London. From 1902 to 1904 he was Professor of Surgery in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in St. Louis. For many years he has been practicing his profession ' n Minneapolis, Minnesota. He is a member of the Elks and Masonic Lodges. He was married January 10, 1912, to Miss Lillian Dingle, of Louisiana. They have one son, Herbert Alexander, Jr. REV. WILLIAM MORROW, A. M. William Morrow was born in Guernsey County, Ohio. He attended Madison College, at Antrim, Ohio, where he graduated in 1857. He was a Presbyterian minister, and after spending many years in the pastorate, he was employed in his later years as agent for a home for the aged in Chi- cago. McKendree conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts in 189 ' i. MRS. KATE OTWELL KARNES Kate Otwell was born at Plainview, Illinois, October 21, 1872. Her parents are William H. and Frances (Brown) Ot- well, who are both American for many generations back. She entered McKendree in the fall of 1889 and graduated WILLIAM E. TRAUTMANN m 1895, receiving the degree of A. B. She immediately took up post graduate work and se- cured the degree of A. M. in 1896, and Ph. D. in 1898. She was a member of the Clionian Society. She taught school four years — two near Plainview, Illinois, and two in Montana, at Fridley and Chico. June 5, 1901, she was married to Francis M. Karnes, of Fridley, Montana. They have one son and two daughters. They lived on a ranch about one mile from the Yellowstone River and within five miles of Yellowstone National Park. Mrs. Karnes has been a member of the Methodist Church since early youth. When their oldest son, Guy, was old enough to enter McKendree, the Karnes moved to Lebanon to give their children an education. Guy and Christine both graduated from McKendree. Marie finished her Junior year and then went to another institution to get some special work she wanted. MRS. ELLA SURGUY BAINBRIDGE Ella Surguy was born at New Haven, Illinois, in 1874. She is a daughter of James and Sarah E. Surguy. After com- pleting her general education, she came to McKendree and entered the Music Department, from which she graduated in 1895, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She afterward took a course at the Beethoven Conservatory, in St. Louis. She is a member of the Presbyterian Church. She was married in 1899, to Mr. C. W. Bainbridge, a banker of Norris City, Illinois. They have one daughter, Beatrice Louise, born in June, 1909. They later moved to Pana, Illinois. PROF. C. EDMUND NEIL One of the McKendreans who has attained high standing in his chosen field is Charles Edmund Neil, Professor of Public Speaking in Boston University. He was born in Clin- ton County, Illinois, October 12, 1871. He took his A. B. at McKendree in 189 ' ; with the first honors of the class. He then went to Ohio Wesleyan University, where he graduated from the School of Oratory in 1897 and received the degree of A. M. in 1898. He was then for two years a special student m the psychology of speech and character interpretation. After these years of deliberate thorough preparation he was ready for the highest type of service in his chosen field Three Hundred and F. ly-S... PROF. C- E. NEIL of Speech. He has held the following positions: Assistant Professor of Oratory in Ohio Wesleyan, Professor of Oratory in Denison University, Profess- or of Public Speaking in West Virginia University, and Pro- fessor of Public Speaking m Newton Theological Institute and Boston University, which is his present position. Besides this work of teaching he has been doing public platform work for thirty years, covering the greater part of the United States and Canada, and por- tions of the Far East. He is author of Sources of Effective- ness in Public Speaking . He has travelled extensively in Europe and the Orient. He was speaker and organizer for the various patriotic causes during the World War, and m 1918-19 was special commissioner for the Centenary in the Far East. He is a member of the following organizations. Platonian Society at McKendree, Amphictyonian at Ohio Wesleyan; the Sigma Chi, Theta Nu Epsilon, and Masonic Fraternities; Square and Compass Club, Boston City Club, Twentieth Century Club, Appalachian Mountain Club, and English Speaking Union. He was married in 1901 to Miss Grace Gardner of Delaware, Ohio. They had one son who died in infancy. THOMAS O ' HARA Thomas O ' Hara completed the Law Course in McKen- dree College and graduated in the class of 1895, receiving the degree of LL. B. He afterward practiced law in St. Louis. AVIS P. O ' NEAL Avis Patience O ' Neal was a member of the class of iSgi . She received the degree of B. S. Her father was a retired steamboat captain who made his home in Lebanon. He died before his daughter finished her college course. After her graduation, she and her mother left Lebanon and we have not been able to trace their history since that time. EDITH L. THRALL Edith Laura Thrall was born at Freeburg, Illinois, July I, 1874. She IS the daughter of Rev. L. W. and Edith (Flint) Thrall. Her parents are native Americans, of Welsh and English ancestry. She entered McKendree College in 1889 and graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1895. She imme- diately entered upon a course of post-graduate study and was granted the degree of A. M. in i8g6, and Ph. D. in 1898 by her Alm.i Mater. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She is a graduate of the Chicago Training School and she attended Chicago University one summer. She has held the following positions in educational work: one year assistant principal of the Marissa High School; two years teacher in the Lebanon public schools; one year assist- ant principal of the Morrison High School; four years teacher of English in Jennings Seminary, at Aurora, Illinois. She is still a member of the faculty in Jennings. She has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since early youth and besides her teaching, she engages in deaconess work. ROBERT L. MERKER Robert L. Merker, of East St. Louis, enrolled in the Mc- Kendree College Law Department, from which he graduated in 1895, receiving the degree of LL. B. In 191 3 he was em- ployed in the interest of the International Harvester Com- pany, with headquarters at Atlanta, Georgia. Since then we have failed to get any information concerning him. He has not reported recently to the college. FREDERICK F. MILLER Frederick F Miller was born at Troy, Illinois, October 28, 1867. After having had some previous preparation, he entered McKendree in 1893, to take a law course. He grad ' uated in 1895 with the degree of LL. B. He was a member of Philo. He immediately entered upon the practice of his profession in Troy, and continued in this line until his death, which occurred March 5, 1907. He was a member and active worker in the Methodist Church. He also he- longed to the Odd Fellows. He was married July 2, 1897, to Miss Mayme Joseph, of Troy. To them were born five sons — Melvin,Elwood, Orator, Frederick, and Ray. MRS. MAMIE TURNER RHODES Mamie Elaine Turner was born near Lebanon, Illinois, June 22, 1874. Her parents are Young and Mary Turner, who are both American born. They were both slaves before the Civil War. She became a student in McKendree in Sep- tember, 1891, and graduated in June, 189 , receiving the degree of A. B. She attended Oberlm College in Ohio for some time before entering McKendree. She taught school one year at Gallatin, Missouri, and two years at Pittsburg, Texas. She was married December 30, 1897, to James Henry Rhodes. They have two children — Vernice and Amy Belle. Mrs. Rhodes is a Methodist and has been an active Sunday School worker a good part of her life time. She and her hus- band resided near Lebanon for some years till the husband Three Hundred and Fi ty-Se: s died. Mrs. Rhodes then engaged in teaching, which is still her vocation. She works in one of the colored schools in East St. Louis. Both her daughters are high school graduates. She has the distinction of being the only colored graduate Mc- Kendree has ever sent out. JENNIE O. WATTS Jennie Olive Watts was born in Lawrence County, Illi. nois, July 24, 1871. She became a student in McKendree in 1889 and graduated in 1895, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of Clio. She has been engaged in various lines of art work, chiefly photography, ever since her grad- uation. She conducted a studio for some years in Lebanon, and for many years was employed in the Strauss Studio, m St. Louis. For the past few years she has been living with her sister in Asheville, North Carolina. She is a member of the Methodist Church. ORRIN N. YINGST Orrin Nevin Yingst was born at Carlyle, Illinois, No- vember 9, 1871. He is a son of Rev. Adam and Nancy (Johnston) Yingst, who are both natives of Clinton County, lUinois. His father was for many years in the active work of the ministry and is a member of the Southern Illinois Con- ference. Orrin entered McKendree as a student in September, 1890, and graduated in June, 1895, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. Since his graduation he has taught school eight years, part of the time in Illinois and part in Colorado, and spent four years as a general contractor in Denver, Colorado. He home- steaded one hundred and sixty acres of government land in Garfield County, Colorado, in the Grand River Valley, twen- ty miles from Glenwood Springs, in the great fruit belt of Colorado. In addition to looking after the interests of his ranch, he is teaching at Silt, Colorado, his present home. He was married June i, 1898, at Waterloo, Illinois, to Miss May E. Akers, of Bluffton, Iowa. They have two daughters and one son. THE CLASS OF 1S96 REV. CHARLES P. ANDREWS Charles Page Andrews was born at Byron, Illinois, July 5, 1867. His father. Dr. C. N. Andrews, was a native of New York Stite, of Scotch and German ancestry. His mother, Mary A. Page, was a native of Connecticut, and of Puritan- English stock. He entered McKendree in the spring term of 1893, having already spent a year in Rockford Academy, and two years at Blackburn College. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church and before coming to McKendree had been licensed to preach by that body. During the entire period of his student life at McKendree, he was pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Lebanon, and at the same time preached alternate Sundays at Carlyle, 111. In addition to his college and pastoral duties, he found time to do society work as a member of Plato. He graduated in June, 1896, with the degree A. B. He then entered the McCormick Theological Seminary, of Chicago, where he received the degree of B. D in 1899. During vacations while in the seminary, he was pas tor of the Presbyterian Churches at Blair and Steelville, 111 and Wausaukee, Wis. He has since served churches at Gar den Plain, 111., and Amberg, Abbotsford, and Beloit, WiS ' consin, and at Holt, Michigan. He was married May 10, 1899, to Miss Josie M. Otwell, who was a classmate at Mc Kendree. They have two sons, Wilbur and Leonard. REV. WILLIAM L. CUNNINGHAM William Littleton Cunningham was born at Mulberry Grove, Illinois, February 26, 1869. His parents were Henry Pyatt and Elizabeth Jane Cunn- ingham, both native Amer- icans. He grew up on a farm, joined the church at the age of 14, became a Sunday School Superintendent the following summer, and has been active in church work ever since. He entered McKendree in March, 1892, and graduated with the degree of B. S. in 1896. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. With the assistance of a fellow student, J- P- CARTER Mr. T. P. Brannum, he edited a college paper known as the McKendrean. He was baritone singer in a McKendree quartette which did much entertaining throughout the con- ference. Before coming to McKendree he had completed courses in two business colleges and, with the aid of this equipment, he paid a part of his college expenses by giving instruction in shorthand and typewriting. In 1896 he joined the Southern Illinois Conference, and has been continuously in the pastorate ever since, except one year that he sustained a supernumerary relation, that he might recuperate his health. During that year he was engaged in newspaper work. During this time he has served five years in the Illinois Conference, and one year in the Austin (Texas) Conference, but in 1911 he returned to the Southern Illinois Conference. He was married September 25, 1896, to Miss Myrta Sproul, of Sparta, Illinois. They have three sons and three daughters. He died in 1927. Three Hundred and Fifty-Eight c KE NDRE ig .,, . JOHN C. HARDER John C. Harder, while Uving in East St. Louis, entered the Law Department of McKendree in 1894 and graduated in 1896, receiving the degree of LL. B. His career was cut short by an early death only a few years after his graduation. AUGUSTUS H. BAER Augustus H. Baer was born January 7, 1875. He is the son of Aaron and Adelaide Baer, who were both of German descent. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1895, and after completing his Law Course, graduated in 1896, receiv ing the degree of LL. B. from McKendree He afterward took a course in law at the University of Michigan and also ob ' tained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from that institution. Besides his general practice in the city of Belleville, he has been City Attorney of Belleville for two years, corporation counsel for Belleville for many years, and has been special counsel for a great number of cities in the matter of street improvements and paving ordinances, as he has made a spec- ialty of that line of legal work. Mr. Baer is a thirtysecond degree Mason and a member of the Order of Elks. J. P. CARTER John Paul Carter was born at Nashville, Illinois, January 8, 1876. He entered McKendree in 1892 and graduated in 1896, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Society. After his graduation he took a Law Course in Washington University, St. Louis, and received the degree of LL. B. from that institution in 1899. He then entered upon the practice of law in his native city, Nashville, which is the county seat of Washington County. He is still pursuing the same vocation in the same city. He has held the office of City Attorney for several terms and has an extensive private practice. He is a member of the Methodist Church, the Modern Woodmen, and the Masonic Order. He was mat ' ried June 25, 190J, to Miss Nellie M. Zerweck, of Lebanon. MRS. MINNIE HERDMAN CLEMENS Minnie E. Herdman was born near California, Missouri, September 12, 1873. Her father was James Lynch, formerly of Lebanon, Illinois. Her mother died when Minnie was an infant. She was adopted January i2, 1875, by Rev. and Mrs. T. H. Herdman and was reared and educated in their family. She became a student in the Academic Department of McKendree College in 1890 and graduated from the Music Department in 1896, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married November 2, 1898, to Mr. Charles E. Clemens, of Lebanon, Illinois. Their residence was in or near Lebanon — part of the time at Trenton, Caseyville, and Collinsville — till July, 191 3, when they removed to Walsen- burg, Colorado, where Mr. Clemens has a position as elec- trical engineer. Mrs. Clemens was from her youth a member of the Methodist Church, but some time after her marriage she united with the Baptist Church, with which her hus- band was affiliated. She died in Colorado a few years ago. DANIEL McGLYNN Daniel McGlynn was born at Nilwood, Macoupin Couit ty, Illinois, September 11, 1865;. He graduated from the Law Department of McKendree in 1896, receiving the degree of LL. B. After his admission to the bar, he practiced law in East St. Louis. For six years he held the position of City Attorney. He is a member of the following organizations. St. Patrick ' s Roman Catholic Church, B. P. O. E., Knights of Columbus, and the East St. Louis Chamber of Commerce. He has been twice married and has five children. PROF. WILLIAM V. JONES William V. Jones was born in West Fulton, New York, October 24, 1842. He graduated from the Albany Normal School, which is now the New York State Normal College, and later received the degree of A. B. from Washington and Jefferson College. He received the degree of Ph. D. on exam ' ination from McKendree in 1896. He taught for many years in the New York Normal College, holding various positions, among them the professorship of German until 191 2, when he was retired on a pension. Two of his daughters are college graduates, and his youngest son, a graduate of Cornell, is Professor of German at Dartmouth College. Professor Jones is a member of the Methodist Church and of the Grand Army of the Republic, having served three and a half years in the Civil War. JOSEPH B. McCULLAGH Joseph Burbridge McCullagh was born in Dublin, Ireland, in November, 1842. He came to New York in 1853 and became an apprentice in the office of the Freeman ' s Journal. In 1858 he came to St. Louis and was employed by the Chris ' tian Advocate, one of the official papers of the Methodist Church. The next year he became a reporter for the St. Louis Democrat. At the opening of the Civil War he enlisted in the Union Army and served as Lieutenant under General Fremont. He was also army correspondent for the Cincin- nati Commercial, and after the war was Washington cor- respondent for the same paper. In this difficult and delicate position he made a national reputation. In this period he was working in competition with Carl Schurz, Whitelaw Reid, and other notable newspaper men. He is said to have been the originator of the practice of publishing interviews Three Hundred and Fifty-T i with prominent men. In 1870 he founded the ■ Republicm in Chicago. It was destroyed by fare m 187 1. He then c.ime to St. Louis to edit the Democrat, later the Globe, and finally the Globe-Democrat. This position he held at the time of his death, December 31, 1896. He was recognized as an unusually able editorial writer. He established the McCullagh Prize in McKendree College in 1896, and the same year received the degree of LL. D. from McKendree. REV. ROBERT L. NUCKOLLS Robert L. Nuckolls was born at Fulton, Kentucky, June 29, 1865. His parents, John W. and Nancy A. Nuckolls, were both native Americans. He became a student in the Law Department of McKendree in 189 ;, and graduated m 1896, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. After his graduation, he prac- ticed law in the city of Metropolis, Illinois, for several years and served one term as City Attorney. In 1900 he left the profession of Law and entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and became a member of the Southern Illinois Conference. A year later he was transferred to the Oklahoma Conference and labored m this field for ten years. He was appointed Superintendent of the McAlester District but after one year was compelled to give up district work on account of his health. By the advice of his physician he transferred to the Colorado Conference. He was married in November, 1884, to Miss Idora Cummins. They have one son, George L. Nuckolls, who is a member of the Colo- rado Conference, and two daughters, Lennie A. and Flora. Mr. Nuckolls is a member of the Knights of Pythias and I. O. O. F., having taken the higher degrees of Oddfellow- ship. He died in Colorado many years ago. MRS. LULU PATTERSON NELSON Lulu Patterson was born at Beaucoup, Illinois, June 14, 1875. She IS the daughter of Ed. A. and M. J. Patterson, both of whom are native Americans. After having acquired sufficient Hterary training in other schools, she came to Mc- Kendree in September, 189J, and graduated from the Music Department in June, 1896, receiving the degree of B. M. She occupied a position as governess of children in Chicago from December 20, 1899 to July 10, 1904. From that time until the date of her marriage she taught music in Nashville, Illinois. She was married January 6, 1909, to Mr. Herbert J. Nelson. They have two children — William Edwin and Lena Irene. Mrs. Nelson is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church wheri she resides at Lake Villa, Illinois. MRS. ORA POWELL McT EER Ora Powell was born at O ' Fallon, Illinois, September 14, 1877. Her parents were William H. and Mary E. Powell - both Americans. She entered McKendree in 1893, and grad- uated from the Music Department in June, 1896, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She was married July 28, 1900, to John McTeer, of CoUinsville, Illinois. To them were born two children — Harold and Beulah, of whom only the former is now living. Mrs. McTeer taught music for about four years before her marriage. She was a member of the Baptist Church and active in various lines of church work. She was Superintendent of the Baptist Sunday School for two years, and also served as president of the Ladies Aid Society for some time. She died December 7, 1910, and her husband followed her to the better world about two years later. MRS. JOSEPHINE OTWELL ANDREWS Josephine M. Otwell was born at Plainview, Macoupin County, Illinois, October 29, 1874. Her parents, Wm. H. and Frances Brown Otwell, were both born in Illinois, of a mingled ancestry which includes representatives of the Eng- lish, Irish, and French, among them John Alden, of Puritan fame. She entered McKendree in the fall of 1890 and com- pleted the Classical Course in 1896, receiving the A. B. degree. She was a member of the Clionian Society. She was valedictorian of her class, while her future husband was salutatorian of the same class. She was married May 10, 1899, to Rev. C. P. Andrews, and since that time has been mistress of the manse in the various pastorates which her husband has held. She has utilized her college education in the discharge of the various duties of a pastor ' s wife and the training of her two sons, Wilbur and Leonard. HOMER L. RICHEY Homer Leroy Richey was born near Flat Rock, Illinois, September 19, 1874. After a preliminary education in the public schools, he entered McKendree and became a mem- ber of the Philosophian Society. He graduated from the Law Department in the class of 1896, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was married in 1900 to Miss Ella Cunningham, of Palestine, Illinois. They resided for many years on a farm near Flat Rock. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. MRS. ESTELLE SPIES SEITER Vera Estelle Spies was born at St. Jacob, Illinois, February 19, 1876 Her parents are Charles and Emma (Blanke) Spies, who are both native Americans but of German ancestry. Her f ither graduated from McKendree in the class of 1872. She entered college in September, 1891. and graduated in June, 1896, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married June 22, |U828iMNii928 :c ENDREEj rs:g 1898, .It St. J.icoh, 111., to Victor M. Seiter, of LeKinon, and for several years a student in McKendree. Shortly after- ward, Mr. Seiter went into business in Kansas City, Mo- and their home has been in that city ever since. They have two children, Eugene Spies, born m 1901, and Dorothy Florence, born in 1906. Mrs. Seiter is a prominent social leader where she lives; is a teacher of both vocal and instru- mental music; a popular soloist and professional accompanist. She IS the originator and an active worker m a Mother ' s Club in Kansas City, which has for its object the aesthetic training of children ROBERT W. SIKKING Robert W. Sikking was born in East St. Louis, Illinois, May 25, 1876. He was educated in the schools of his native city and then took a course m the McKendree Law Depart- ment, graduating in 1896 with the degree of LL. B. Most of the time since then he has been engaged in the real estate business, though he has served the public in various capac- ities in his own city. He was clerk of the South Side Levee and Sanitary District Commission and had charge of the work of the commission. At present he holds the office ot City Comptroller of East St. Louis. He was married in 1900 and has one daughter — Miss Marion Sikking. He has been a member of the Illinois Legislature. HON. JOHN R. THOMAS John Robert Thomas was born at Mt. Vernon, Illinois, October 11, 1846. He was educated principally at Hunter Collegiate Institute at Princeton, Indiana; and received the honorary degree of LL. D. from McKendree in 1896. He was a captain of volunteers during the Civil War. After the war he studied law and was City Attorney of Metrop- ohs, Illinois for two terms and State ' s Attorney four years. He was then a member of Congress for five terms in suc- cession and served on various important committees, includ- ing the committee on naval affairs. He has been called the Father of the modern American Navy. He was Judge of U. S. Courts in Indian Territory for one term, at the close of which he resumed the practice of law and located in what is now Muskogee, Oklahoma. He has been Grand Master of the Masonic Lodge in Illinois, and a member of the G. A. R. He was shot and killed January 19, 1914, by an escaping convict at the state penitentiary at McAles- ter, Oklahoma. MARTHA C. WEAVER Martha C. Weaver was Dean at the Illinois Woman ' s College, at Jacksonville, from 1893 to 1897. She then spent a year at the University of Chicago; was then Instructor in History and Dean of Women in Upper Iowa University, Fayett e, Iowa, for some years. She was again Dean of Women at the Illinois Woman ' s College from 1903 to 1913. She is now teaching in the Cumnock School in Los Angeles, Cal- ifornia. She received the honorary degree of Master of Arts from McKendree in 1896. DR. MARSHALL W. WEiR Marshall W. Weir, Jr., was born in Belleville, Illinois, September 3, 1873. After being educated in the schools of his native city, he entered the McKendree Law Department, and after completing the course, he graduated in 1896, re- ceiving the degree of LL. B. He was not a member of either literary society. After several years he decided to make medicine his profession instead of the law; and entered the Medical Department of Washington University, St. Louis, from which he graduated in 1906 with the degree of M. D. The following summer he did graduate work in New York City. Also the same year he successfully passe d examinations before the Board of Medical Examiners of the State of Illi- nois, and also of Oklahoma. He located in Oklahoma City, where he is an influential member of the medical fraternity of that state. He is a member of the Oklahoma County Medical Society; the Oklahoma State Medical Association; the American Medical Association ; and is a member of the staff of the Wesley Hospital and City Hospital of Oklahoma City, and a member of the faculty of the Post-Graduate Medical School of the Southwest. He is a member of the Baptist Church, Yoemen and Mutual Protective League, and the Phi Beta Pi Medical Fraternity. He was married Decem- ber 23, 1909, to Miss Jessie M Watson, of Oklahoma City. They have one son, Marshall W Weir, III, who was born January 4, 1913. C. M. WILTON Charles Melvin Wilton was born at Huey, Illinois, Sep- tember 23, 1873. His father, William F. Wilton, was a soldier in the Civil War and a student in McKendree for a time after the close of the war. His mother, Sarah (Chard) Wilton, who died a few years ago, was a member of one of the pioneer families of Clinton County. While Mr. Wilton was a student in McKendree, he was an active member of Plato and much interested in music and expression. Even in his early years he was a good singer and song leader, and a competent ac- companist. He was prominent in various lines of entertain- ment work and a member of one of the best male quartettes McKendree ever sent out. He graduated in 1896, receiving the degree of B. S. He was married in 1900 to Miss Lola Townsend, of Lebanon. They have one daughter, Mildred Three Hundred and Sixty-One |mc KENDREE te - ... _ _ Maurine, who was a student in McKendree several years. She is now Mrs. H. G. Price, of Ogden, Utah. After his graduation, Mr. Wilton engaged in teaching for some years. He was Superintendent of Schools at O ' Fallon for five years. He then spent a few years in the business world. He was cashier for the Campbell, Reid, and Western Sales Stables, of East St. Louis, and later office manager of the Horse and Mule Commission Company, of Ogden, Utah. He has been a life-long Methodist and al ' ways engaged in church work as a side line; but he enjoyed C. M. WILTON that work so much that he decided to make it the main job. He accepted a position as Choir Director and Financial Secretary of the First Meth- odist Church, of Enid, Okla. After a year there, he came to his present position as Church Secretary and Director of Music and Religious Education in Union M. E. Church, of St. Louis. He has twice served as Instructor in Hymnology at the McKendree Epworth League Institute. Mr. Wilton is still youthful in spirit and is therefore a popular leader in young peoples ' work. MRS. NELLIE 2ERWECK CARTER Nellie Mabel Zerweck was born at Lebanon, Illinois, July 28, 1876. She is a daughter of Louis and Eleanor (Thomas) Zerweck, who are both native Americans. She entered Mc- Kendree in September, 1891, and graduated in June, 1896, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clion ian Literary Society. After teaching several years in the Lebanon public school, she was married June 25, 1903, to Mr. J. Paul Carter, of Nashville, Illinois. Their only son died in early childhood. Mrs. Carter is a leader in social circles, is a member of the Presbyterian Church and of the Order of the Rebeccas and prominent in the Women ' s Club. Other members of this class of whom we have not been able to secure any recent information nor suitable data for a sketch are. Nettie M. Dalley, educator, Chicago. James H. Land, LL. B., deceased. Myrtle I. Vernon, B. Mus., Olney. THE CLASS OF 1897 REV. THOMAS P. BRANNUM Thomas Perry Brannum was born at Nashville, Illinois, June 19, 1874. His parents, William Thomas Brannum and Sarah J. Scott, were both born in St. Clair County, Illinois. His father was a Methodist preacher and a member of the Southern Illinois Conference. He first enrolled as a student in McKendree in 1893. He was a member of the Platonian Society. While a student he was associated with a fellow student, Mr. W. L. Cunningham, in the enterprise of editing and publishing a college paper known as the McKendrean. He received the degree of A. B. from McKendree in 1897. The same year he became a probationer in the Southern Illinois Conference, and two years later was received in full connection. His first charge was Villa Ridge, Illinois, where he remained continuously for six years. He then entered Garrett Biblical Institute and in 1905 received from that institution the degree of S. T. B. In 1904 he transferred to the Rock River Conference and has served pastoral charges continually in that conference until a few years ago when he went to Redlands, California. He was married to Miss Miriam E. Roberts, September 5, 1907. They have one son, Hugh R. Brannum. MRS. JENNIE BLANCK EISENMAYER Jennie E. Blanck was born at Lebanon, Illinois, June 26, 1897. She is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Henry W. Blanck who have long resided in Lebanon. Her father was bom in Germany but her mother is a native American. After com ' pleting the public schools in Lebanon she entered McKen- dree and graduated June 12, 1897, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was gifted with an excellent voice which she developed by special training. She was for several years Instructor in Vocal Music in McKendree College. She has also held the position of Supervisor of Music in the Lebanon public schools. She was married February 13, 1909, to Homer C. Eisenmayer, who was a student in McKendree for some time, and who was cashier of the State Bank of Lebanon for many years. They have one daughter, Elizabeth Blanck Eisen ' mayer. Mrs. Eisenmayer and her husband were both mem ' bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Her death occurred in February 1919. HORATIO C. CHAFFIN Horatio Clarence Chaffin was born at Clay City Illinois, January 4, 1873. He is a son of John Milton and Mary E. Chafiin who were of American parentage. He became a stu- dent in McKendree in September 1890, but his course was Three Hundred and Sixty-Two MC KENDRE E : ;g ; interrupted by several intervals of teaching. He graduated from the Law Department in 1894 with the degree of LL. B. and in 1897 completed the Scientific course and received the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was Principal of the Clay City School 1898-99, and Superintendent of the Flora Schools 1900-1901. Since that time he has been cashier of the Bank of Flora at Flora, Illinois. He was married September 6, 1899 to Miss Olive L Miller of Caseyville, Illinois. They had one son, H. C. Chaffin, Jr., who died when about twenty years of age. Mr. ChatEn is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and of the fraternal orders, A. F. 6? A. M. and M. W. of A. They now reside on the old Miller homestead near Caseyville, while Mr. Chaffin is in business in Granite City. REV. LOUIS G. CUMMINS Louis G. Cummins, son of Daniel T. and Elizabeth Cummins, was born at Reevesville, Illinois, September 20, 1870. He grew up on a farm and attended the public schools. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1891 and completed the classical course in 1897 receiving the degree of A. B- He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He joined the Southern Illinois Conference in 1896, and since his graduation has worked in the pastorate continuously. The last charge he served in Illinois was Carlyle. In 1903 he was transferred to the Iowa Conference, and for several years he was stationed at Eldon, Iowa. He was married December 18, 1899 to Miss Jennie Clark. Their children are Mildred, Edna, and Paul. After some years he transferred to the Illinois Conference, and a few years ago retired. He is now living in Danville, Illinois. MRS. VIOLA CROSBY MOORE M. Viola Crosby was born April 28, 1881 at Rock Spring nursery which is situated three miles west of Lebanon. She entered McKendree in 1892 and graduated in 1897 with the degree of Bachelor of Music. After her graduation she taught music for a number of years. She is a member of the order of the Eastern Star, O ' Fallon Chapter No. 487. After being employed by a commercial firm for a few years she was married to Mr. George Moore of O ' Fallon. They still reside in that city. They have one son. PROF. ALFRED EWINGTON Alfred Ewington was born in the city of Chicago in the year 1862. He took the greater part of his college course at Illinois College, but spent his senior year in McKendree and graduated in 1897 receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He taught school for a number of years before taking his college course, and after graduating continued to teach, study, and travel. He travelled in Europe in order to perfect his knowledge of the modern languages, studied in Paris, Madrid and Florence. He taught French in Washington University, St. Louis, and Modern Languages in the University of Missouri at Colum- bia. He has been for many years employed in the high school of Los Angeles, California. NORMA J. HOFFMAN Norma J. Hoffman was born in Lebanon, Illinois, February 13, 1879. After attending the public schools of Lebanon she spent a year in Monticello Seminary at Godfrey, Illinois. She then entered McKendree where she pursued literary studies for two years and finished the course in instrumental music, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music in 1897. She has been a life-long member of the Roman Catholic Church in Lebanon. WILLIAM HUTCHINSON William Hutchinson of Belleville enrolled in the McKen- dree Law Department in 1895 and completed the course in 1897, receiving the degree of LL. B. Later he lived in East St. Louis. JAMES C. JONES James CHnton Jones was born at Coulterville, Illinois, January 22, 1877 and died at Denver, Colorado, March 29, 1899. He was the youngest son of Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Jones of Coulterville, Illinois. He was educated in the public schools of his home town, the Coulterville Academy, the Marissa Academy, the Normal School at Dixon, Illinois, and McKendree College. He entered the Law Department of McKendree in 1895 and graduated in 1897, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was an able young man with the promise of a bright future before him; but about the time of his gradua- tion his health began to fail, and after receiving the best medical attention without avail, he tried the effect of the climate in New Mexico and Colorado, in which latter place he finally gave up the struggle against disease as stated above. CARRIE F. JONES, A. B. (See Mrs. V. W. Thrall, Class of 1899.) REV. CLARENCE O. KIMBALL Clarence Oliver Kimball was born at Golconda, Illinois, August 23, 1868. He received his education at the home schools, Anna Academy, Austin College of Effingham, and McKendree. Austin College, which gave him his A. B. has long since disappeared from the educational field. His work at McKendree was graduate work entirely. He received the Three Hundred and Sixty-Three degree of Ph. D. on examination in 1897. In 1909 Willam- ette University conferred upon him the degree of D. D. Previous to his coming to McKendree he had studied law and had been admitted to the bar. But he afterward changed his mind and entered the ministry. He served pastorates m the Southern Illinois Conference until 1902, when he was tran.sferred to the Colorado Conference, and in 1906 to the Columbia River Conference. He has served on the Board of Trustees of McKendree, of Denver University, and of Willammette University. He was a member of the General Conference of 191 2. He has been pastor of several prominent churches in the west. He now lives in Southern California. PHEBE E. LEWIS, B. S. See Mrs. Phebe Lewis Peterson, class of 1902. ADOLPHUS S. NELSON Adolphus S. Nelson of Belleville, took the regular course in the Law Department of McKendree College and graduated in 1897. Some time afterward he was engaged in the law business in East St. Louis. CHARLES D. McCAMMON Charles D. McCammon was born and reared in Cairo, Illinois. After completing the home schools and studying for a time in the Anna Academy, he came to McKendree, com- pleted the classical course and received the degree of A. B. in 1897. He was a member of Plato. He immediately joined the Southern Illinois Conference. He served in this field for some years and then transferred to the Rock River Confer- ence. For some years he was stationed in Joliet. Later he went to Wisconsin and decided to exchange pastoral work for agricultural. Our latest information indicates that he is located at Mills Lake, Wisconsin. MRS. MAGGIE PACE MEAD Maggie Pace was born at Huey, Illinois, October 17, 1882. She is the daughter of Dr. Joseph F. Pace who was a native of Mount Vernon, Illinois, and Georgia A. (Cooper) Pace of Huey, Illinois. When she attended McKendree her home was at Breese, Illinois where her father was engaged in the practice of medicine. She graduated from the Music Depart- ment of McKendree College in 1897 receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She afterward studied music under Prof. George Buddens, and Prof. Ernest Kroeger of St. Louis. After teaching music for some time she was married to Mr. Grover Mead of Alhambra. Their home is now at Cirlyle, Illinois. JAMES S. PORTER James Scott Porter was born in Caseyville Township, St. Clair County, Illinois, May 10, 1874. He is a son of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Porter of O ' Fallon. He studied law at McKen- dree together with a part of the regular college course. He graduated from the Law Department receiving the degree of LL. B. in 1897. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He has been for many years in business as a member of the General Roofing Company of East St. Louis. He is vice-president of the company. He was married in 1903 to Miss May Ritcher of St. Louis. They have one daughter, Jane, born in 1912. They reside in the city of St. Louis. Mr Porter is a member of the Masonic Fraternity. JOHN J. RALEIGH John J. Raleigh took the Law Course in McKendree Col- lege and graduated in 1897 receiving the degree of LL. B. Later he was in the employ of the John Hancock Insurance Company of St. Louis. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He is now deceased. CAROLINE RUESS, B. Mus. See Mrs. Erwin Runkwitz, class of 1894. HON. ERASTUS D. TELFORD Erastus Dolson Telford was born on a farm near Salem in Marion County, Illinois. His parents are James D. and Sarah A. Telford who are both Americans. He entered McKen- dree in 1894 and graduated in 1897 with the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. After taking courses in the Law Department of the Georgetown University he received the degrees of LL. B. and LL. M. from that institution. He was clerk in the Treasury Depart- ment at Washington, D. C. from 1899 to 1906. Since 1906 he has been practicing law at Salem, Illinois. He held the office of City Attorney of Salem for one term. In 191 1 he was elected State Senator from the 42nd Senatorial District. Mr. Telford, though a Republican was elected by a good majority in a Democratic district. He was married November 1, 1900 to Miss Coral B. Wright of Lincoln, Nebraska. They have three children, Elbridge W., Dorothy Margaret, and Evelyn Alice. Mr. Telford is a member and an active worker in the Methodist Church at Salem, and belongs to the Masonic Lodge — Chapter and Commande ry; he is also a member of the Modern Woodmen of America. REV. ROBERT S. YOUNG Robert S. Young, son of John and Sarah E. Young, was born in Illinois, and entered McKendree in 1889. His course was interrupted through no fault of his own in such a way that he did not graduate until 1897. In that year he received the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Liter- ary Society. He entered the ministry and joined the Southern Illinois Conference in 1897, but after a few years was trans- Three Hundred and Si.vtv-Foui MC KENDREE ferred to the Newark Conference, o{ which he is still a member. After leaving McKendree he went to Yale where he won a $ioo prize for research work in philosophy and obtained the Master ' s degree. In 1899 he went to Drew Theological Seminary where he pursued courses m N. T. Greek, Hebrew, and the Philosophy of Religion. He also took graduate courses in Sociological Science m the Univer- sity of New York, from which institution he received the degree of Ph. D. In the fall of 1906 he organized the first Preventorium movement in the great antituberculosis cam- paign. To the end of the year 1913 over 1900 unfortunate mothers and their children had been brought from the tene- ment districts of New York City to the beautiful and health- giving quarters of the Preventorium in the Shawanga moun- tains near Otisville. The work of Dr. Young and his wife has been highly commended by Ella Wheeler Wilcox. Dr. Young was married August 6, 1897 to Miss Lena Caldwell of St. Louis. They have four children, Sherman Plato; Sara Roberta; Helen Lynette; and Lena Dorothy. HON. WILLIAM J. BRYAN William Jennings Bryan was born at Salem, Illinois, March 19, i860. His father. Judge Silas Lillard Bryan, was a graduate of McKendree. William J. graduated from Illinois College at Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1881 and received the degree of A. M. from the same institution in 1884. He graduated from the Union College of Law in Chicago in 1883; and received the degree of LL. D. from McKendree in 1897. He was married in 1884 to Miss Mary E. Baird of Perry, Illinois. He practiced law at Jacksonville, Illinois, and then at Lincoln, Nebraska. He was a member of Congress 1891-1895; Editor of the Omaha World 1894-1896. In 1896 he was a member of the National Democratic Convention at Chicago, where after making his famous Cross of Gold speech he was nominated for President of the United States. In the cam- paign that followed, on the Free Silver platform, he travelled over 18,000 miles and spoke in every important town in the United States. In 1898 he was Colonel of a Nebraska Regi- ment in the Spanish War. In 1900 he was again the Demo- cratic Candidate for the presidency, and was again defeated by William McKinley. He was candidate of the same party for the third time in 1908 when he was defeated by Theodore Roosevelt. He is author of several books; was editor of the Commoner published at Lincoln, Nebraska; world-wide traveller, and popular lecturer. In 191 3 he was appointed Secretary of State by President Woodrow Wilson. When Mr. Bryan saw that war with Germany was in- evitable he resigned his office. In his latter years his home was in Florida. He died in July, 1925. MAJOR WILLIAM McKINLEY William McKinley was born at Niles, Ohio, January 29, 1843, and died at Buffalo, New York, September 14, 1901. He was educated at Union Seminary, Poland, Ohio, and Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylvania, though on account of ill health he did not finish his college course. He taught in the public schools, clerked in the post-office, and served in the Civil War, having reached the rank of Major. After the war he studied law at Youngstown, Ohio and Albany, New York, and was admitted to the bar at Warren, Ohio in 1867. He practiced law at Canton, Ohio; was a mem- ber of congress three terms; was author and advocate of the McKinley Tariff Bill which won for him an international reputation and eventually the presidency. He was elected in 1896 and again in 1900. He was assasinated by an anarchist while attending the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, New York in 1901. In 1897 McKendree conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. THE CLASS OF 1S98 REV. CHARLES W. CAMPBELL Charles Wesley Campbell was born near Newport, Indiana, January 15, 1851. His parents were Silas Campbell of Scotch-Irish descent, and Phebe Young of Irish ancestry. He entered McKendree m 1870 but was not able to continue his course to graduation. Later he completed a course in the Illinois Wesleyan University and received the degree of Ph. B. in 1880. He took a graduate course in McKendree and received the degree of Ph. M. in 1898. While in McKendree he was a member of the Philosophian Society. He was married September 2, 1875 to Miss Caroline H. Thrall of Edwards County, Illinois. Their children are Mrs. Ettie C. Marshall of Jennings, La., and Leo F. Mr. Campbell became a member of.the Methodist Church while a student at McKendree during the pastorate of Dr. G. W. Hughey at Lebanon. He did not enter the ministry until some years later. He was a teacher for a number of years. He was principal of the Houston (Tex.) Seminary from 1882 to 1886. Since entering the ministry he has been a member of the Austin, Missouri, Gulf Mission, Arkansas, and South- ern Illinois Conferences. He died in 1922. CLIFFORD D. CHAMBERLIN Clifford Dana Chamberlin was born in Beardstown, Illi- nois, December 12, 1870. He is the son of McKendree H. and Helen (Dana) Chamberlin, of whom the former is a native of Lebanon, Illinois, and the latter of Kansas City, Missouri. After receiving training in the public schools of Springfield, Three Hundred and Sixty-Five Illinois and Denver, Colorado, he became a student in Mc Kendree College in 1887. Owing to various interruptions in his course he did not graduate until 1898 when he received the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. In the intervals of his college course he was engaged in electrical construction work and pursuing courses in the BerHtz School of Languages of St. Louis. In 1895 he made a trip around the world. He travelled in England, Egypt, India, Australia, and returned home by way of San Francisco. The year before he graduated he tutored in Span- ish and the year following was made Professor of the Spanish and French Languages in McKendree, at the same time, as in the previous year he was acting as private secretary to the President. Portions of the years 1899 and 1900 he spent in Brazil and Argentina, South America, on mining business for a St. Louis syndicate. He was married August 13, 1901 to Miss Hilda Hayes of Denver, Colorado. Their only son, Vincent Hayes, was born in 1903. During the years 1902- 1909 he was connected with the International Correspond ' ence Schools of Scranton, Pennsylvania. He occupied suc- cessively the positions of field agent; division superintendent in Colorado; special representative and organizer for the Rocky Mountain States; superintendent of Mexico, where he created district educational centers in all the leading cities of the Republic as well as in Cuba and was then made General Superintendent of the Latin-American countries. Failing health by reason of overwork in tropical climate com- pelled him to resign this position. He then opened a school of modern languages in Long Beach, Cahfornia, with one hundred and fifteen students. This was suspended on account of the protracted illness of his wife, then in Denver, resulting in her death in 1910. Since that time he has travelled in the Pacific states and Canada, has been engaged in literary work relating to child-welfare, and has in preparation a Nut-shell Series of Studies on the subject of child training. He is now teaching in the High School at Santa Ana, California. E. C. CHAMBERLIN Edgar Clinton Chamberlin was born in Lebanon, Illinois, May 21, 1879. He is a son of John M. and Margaret Ellen Chamberlin, both of American nativity. He grew up in Lebanon, attended the public school, and entered McKen- dree at the early age of fourteen, which was the minimum age limit required by the rules of the college. He completed the classical course, graduating in 1898. While a student he won a first prize in declamation, also one of the McCullagh journalistic prizes. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He was married to Miss Euj.ilie Reinhardt of Colo- rado Springs, Colorado, June 11, 1910. Immediately after their marriage they spent some months travelling in Europe. They have one daughter, Margaret Louise. After his gradua ' tion, Mr. Chamberlin was for some time Principal of the public school at Hutsonville, Illinois. He next taught Latin in the Mt. Vernon High School; then became Principal of the Greenville High School; then taught English in the East St. Louis High School. He then accepted a position as field representative of the firm of Allyn and Bacon in the High School and College Text-book business. He is a member of the Methodist Church and, with his family, now resides in Chicago. RUTH E. CASE See Mrs. C. E. Chamberlin, class of 1893. REV. ORLIN F. CULVER Orlin Frank Culver was born near Vienna, Johnson County, Illinois, April 12, 1865. His father. Dr. H. W. Cul- ver, was of Irish ancestry, while his mother, Eliza (Curtis) Culver came from a New England family. His grandfather Curtis was born in Boston and graduated from Dartmouth College. Orlin received his early education in the public schools and in 1893 found his way to McKendree College. He became a probationer in the annual conference the same year he entered college. He gave attention alternately to preaching and college work till in 1898 he graduated with the degree of B. S. While in college he was a member of the Platonian Society. He was married October 25, 1899 to Miss Minnie E. Barringer of Anna, Illinois, who was a student in McKendree a part of the same period that Mr. Culver was. Of their six children, only two are now living, Harold and Paul. Since his graduation Brother Culver has served suc- cessful pastorates in a number of important charges in the Southern Illinois Conference. He is now stationed at Pales- tine. Both his sons are students in McKendree. WILLIAM L. CLUCAS William Lyman Clucas was born in Lebanon, Illinois, October 4, 1872. His father, William J. Clucas, was a Manxman and his mother, Mary Clucas, was of Scotch nationality. He received his early education in the public schools of Lebanon, and entered McKendree College in 1890. He left college two years later to engage in the hardware business, but re-entered McKendree in 1896 and graduated in 1898 with the degree of LL. B. While in college he was a member of the Platonian Literary Society; the Plato Quar- tette; and President of the McKendree Glee Club. He was graduate manager of the Foot Ball Team, in 1900, 1901 and 1902. Soon after graduation he entered the employ of the Three Hundred and S.. MC KENDREE : : : . , .,,, , Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and became Superin- tendent of the Lincoln, Illinois district. He moved to Chicago in 1906 and entered the service of the State of Illinois, in the grain inspection department. In 1908 he entered the Chicago Law School, and received the degree of LL. B. in 1909. He was admitted to the bar of Illinois in April 191 1. He was a member of the Republican Central Committee of Cook County, 1910 to 1912. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and served as Treasurer of the Methodist Brotherhood of the Rock River Conference in 1909, and Vice President m 1910. He was married February 14, 1907 to Miss Maizie T. Creager of Bloomington, Illinois, and they now reside in Chicago where Mr. Clucas is practicing law. MRS. CORA DAVIS McDOWELL Cora B. Davis was born at O ' Fallon, Illinois, in the year 1880. She is the daughter of Evan and Angeline Davis. She was educated in the O ' Fallon public schools and then entered the Music Department of McKendree, from which she grad- uated in 1898 receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music- She taught music for a time in her native city. She was married in 1901 to Mr. McDowell. They have one son Claude. Her home is still at O ' Fallon though she spends much of her time travelling with a concert troupe as pro- fessional pianist. REV. JOHN L. DONOVAN John L. Donovan was born near Georgetown, Illinois, in the year 1857. His parents, Thomas J. and Mary M. (Lyon) Donovan, were both of Scotch-Irish descent. After having received a good general education he studied law, was ad- mitted to the bar in Illinois and practiced several years. He then entered the ministry and joined the Southern lUinois Conference. While serving as a pastor he enrolled in McKen- dree and did the work required for the degree of Bachelor of Literature which he received in 1898 and Master of Litera- ture in 1899. Later he left the Methodist church and entered the ministry of the Congregational church. He studied several years in the University of Chicago and in 1910 received the degrees of Bachelor of Philosophy and Bachelor of Divinity at the same convocation. He served as pastor of a Congrega- tional church at Jerome, Arizona, where he died some years ago. MRS. CATHERINE GAFFNER HENDERSON Catherine Gaffner was born at Trenton, Illinois, January 14, i88j. She is a daughter of Dr. T. and Emily (Emig) Gaffner. After attending the public schools in her native town she enrolled in the Music Department of McKendree from which she graduated in 1898 receiving the degree of B. Mus. She was a student four years at the Kroeger Music Conservatory in St. Louis studying Piano and Voice under Mr. Fellows and Mr. Geer. She was also a student four years in Oberlin College, Ohio. She was married October 2, 1906 to Mr. D. M. Henderson of Cleveland, Ohio. They have one child, Gertrude Elizabeth. They reside at Hudson, Ohio. MRS. BERTHA JEPSON RITCHER Bertha Evelyn Jepson was born at Muskegon, Michigan, January 10, 1877. She is a duaghter of Albert G. and Nina (Ormiston) Jepson, who were both natives of New York State, but of Scottish ancestry. Her father was for ten years Professor of Mathematics in McKendree. She became a stu- dent in the preparatory department in 1892 and graduated from the college of Liberal Arts in June 1898, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Science. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. In 1900 she became a teacher in the public schools of East St. Louis, where she served suc- cessfully for many years. She is a member of the First Methc dist Church of that city. Some time after the death of her older sister, Mrs. Jessie Jepson Ritcher, she was married to Mr. Ritcher and became the foster mother of her sisters ' children. Their home is in East St. Louis. SAMUEL D. RUTH Samuel Daniel Ruth was born at Summerfield, Illinois, March 39, 1873. He graduated from McKendree in the class of 1898, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philo Society. The same year he accepted a position with a prominent lumber and manufacturing company at Beat- rice, Nebraska. After eight years of service he was elected secretary of the company. He was married in 1904 to Miss Marie C. Dueck of St. Louis. They have two children, Clin- ton Howard and Mildred Dorothy. Mr. Ruth is an active member of the Mennonite Church. Alexander Vein of East St. Louis took the Law Course in McKendree and graduated in 1898, receiving the degree of LL. B. Miss Ora Evans of O ' Fallon received the degree of B. Mus. as a member of this class, but we have no recent in- formation concerning her. Rev. J. M. Correll received the degree of Ph. M. Rev. WiUiam C. Templeton received the degree of Ph. D. with this class. Neither of these men was an under-graduate student in McKendree. Three Hundred and Sixty-Sevt |MC KENDREE fes .... .. HON. ETHELBERT CALLAHAN, LL. D. Ethelbert Callahan was born in Licking County, Ohio December 17, 1829. He came to Illinois in March, 1849. He was chiefly self-educated and has achieved success by reason of his native ability, industry, and perseverance. He received the degree of LL. D. from McKendree in 1898. During his long professional career as a lawyer he has made an honorable record. He has served four terms in the Illinois Legislature, and twice as Presidential Elector. He has during all the years been a devoted member of the Methodist Church. He was a member of the General Conference of 1872 which was the first to admit Lay Delegates. He was for many years a Trustee of McKendree. He was married June 27, 1854 to Mrs. Mary Barlow Jones of Hutsonville, Illinois. He died about twelve years ago. DR. EUGENE L. WAGGONER Eugene Lathy Waggoner was born near Godfrey, Illinois, February 26, 1858. He was educated in the public schools of his home community, and then attended the Northern Indiana Normal school where he graduated in 1882. After teaching a number of years in the public schools in his own and other counties, and for several years serving as principal of the Lebanon public schools, he decided to follow the voca- tion of physician. He entered the Chicago Homeopathic Medical College from which he received the degree of M. D. in 1889. He then practiced medicine in Lebanon for a period of seventeen years. A large part of that time he was a member of McKendree ' s Board of trustees, and also a member of the Executive Committee. In 1898 the college conferred upon him the honorary degree of A. M. While teaching in Lebanon he was married to Miss Carrie Sargent who was a student in McKendr ee and received a diploma in Elocution in 1883. They have three sons. In 1906 Dr. Waggoner moved with his family to Los Angeles, California. He continued his medical practice there until the time of his death which occurred August 14, 192J. He served during the World War as Examining Surgeon in the Volunteer Medical Corps. From 1917 to 1922 he served as a member of the Housing Commission in the City of Los Angeles. THE CLASS OF 1899 EMIL C. HAAGEN Emil C. Haagen was born at Alton, Illinois, November 30, 1876. He was educated in the public schools of his native city and then studied law in Washington University. Later he came to McKendree, entered the Law Department and graduated in 1899, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was admitted to the B.ir of Illinois and has since been practicing law in Alton. He has been Assistant State s Attorney of Madison County. WILLIAM A. KOENIGSTEIN William A. Koenigstein was born at Watertown, Wiscon- sin, November 10, 1872. He attended Walther College in St. Louis in 1889-90 and then went to Nebraska for a few years. Later he returned and entered McKendree in 1896. He graduated in 1899 with the degree of LL. B. However he did not practice law, but engaged in the mercantile business for a time in O ' Fallon. Later he became a real estate broker in the same place. He laid out and sold an addition to the city of O ' Fallon. He also held the position of postmaster and for a term was president of the Board of Education of that city. He left O ' Fallon many years ago and we have no recent information concerning him. MRS. AUGUSTA KREHBIEL RUTH Augusta Krehbiel was born at Summerfield, Illinois, December 12, 1877. Her parents, Jacob and Katherine Krehbiel, were both natives of Germany. She attended the public schools of Summerfield, and entered McKendree Col- lege in 1895. She graduated in 1899, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. During much of the interval between her graduation and her marriage she was engaged in com- mercial pursuits. She was married to Mr. J. E. Ruth, October 31, 1912. They reside at Kingfisher, Oklahoma. Mrs. Ruth is a member of the Mennonite Church. MISHIO OSAWA, PH. D. Mishio Osawa was born at Yanagawa, Fukuokaken, Japan, June 25, 1870. His parents are Japanese and belong to the Samurai class. Their names are Yukuye and Yoshiko Osawa. Mishio came to this country to secure a thorough American education. He made money to pay his expenses by lecturing on Japan. He took a regular college course at Hedding College, receiving the degree of A. B. He then took post-graduate work in Philosophy and Economics in McKendree and received the degree of Ph. D. in 1899. He then returned to his na- tive country where he secured a position in educational work under government appointment. By reason ot excel- lent service he has been raised to the Junior Grade of the Seventh Rank by the Emperor . He was married in 1900 to Miss TsutakoShimidsu. They have three sons and two daughters. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Japan. REV. STEPHEN A. D. ROGERS Stephen A. Douglass Rogers was born in McLean County, Illinois, April 2 ' i, 1861. He took the greater part of his college Three Hundred and Sixt -Eight MC KENDREE course in the Illinois Wesleyan University, but the last year was done at McKendree and he graduated with the class of 1899, receiving the degree of B. S. A few years later the Illinois Wesleyan conferred upon hini the degree of D. D. He was received on trial in the Southern Illinois Conference in 1896. His promotion was steady and he held some of the important charges in the Conference. He was twice District Superintendent, first of the Olney district and then the Vandalia district. He was a delegate to the General Confer- ence of 1912 which convened at Minneapolis. In 1919 he transferred to the Northwest Kansas Conference where his death occurred a few years later. THOMAS C. STALLINGS Thomas C. Stallmgs wao born in Madison County, Illi- nois, May 22, 1868. He attended Shurtleff College, Univer- sity of Illinois, St. Louis Law School, and then McKendree, where he received the degree of LL. B. in 1899. He was admitted to the bar in 1900 in the State of Illinois and also in Missouri. He located in Granite City, lUinois for the practice of his profession. He has held several important positions in that city. He is a member of the Masonic Order. PROF. PAUL E. SABINE, Ph. D. Paul Earl Sabine was born at Albion, Illinois, January 22, 1879. He is a son of Rev. Chas. W. and Rebecca L. Sabine, who are both native Americans. His father was for many years a pastor in the Southern Illinois Conference. He first became a student in McKendree in 1894 and graduated in 1899 with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. Later he took a course in Harvard and received the degree of A. B. from that institution in 1903. During the years 1903-1906 he was Instructor in Phy- sics and Chemistry in Worcester Academy at Worcester, Massachusetts. From 1906 to 1910 he was Master in Science in the same institution. During the year 1910-ri he was a graduate student in Harvard from which institution he re- ceived the degree of A. M. in 191 1, and some years later, Ph. D. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was married December 27, 1906 to Miss Mabel Johnson, daughter of Hon. Hale Johnson of Newton, Illinois. They have a son. Hale Johnson Sabine, born in October 1909. He is now employed in the Geneva Institute at Geneva, Illinois. REV. AND MRS. VICTOR W. THRALL Among the influential preachers of the Methodism of the middle west is Rev. Victor Worthy Thrall, whose father and mother were both graduates of McKendree. He was born at Hartford, Kansas, April 19, 1877, but grew up in a Southern Illinois parsonage. At McKendree he was a member REV. AND MRS. VICTOR W. THRALL of the Platonian Society and salutatonan of the class of 1899. After a year m the pastorate he entered Garrett Biblical Institute and received the degree of B. D. from that institu- tion m 1903. He also received the degree of Ph. D. from Mc- Kendree. On Christmas day 1903, Dr. Thrall was married to Miss Carrie Frances Jones, whose parents were Alfred C. and Cornelia (Houser) Jones, both of whose families were among the early pioneers. Carrie Frances was the youngest of four children. She was educated at McKendree and was an active member of Clio. She was the valedictorian of the class of 1897 and received the degree of A. B. Doctor and Mrs. Thrall served pastorates in the Southern Illinois Con- ference for ten years. Four of these years were at Lebanon where Dr. Thrall was a most acceptable preacher at the College Church. In 1914 they moved to Wesley Church, Chicago. They also served at First Church, Chicago; Cov- enant Church, Evanston; and Dixon, m the Rock River Con- ference, and then transferred to Knoxville, Tennessee. At present they reside in Albion, Michigan, where Dr. Thrall is the pastor of the College Church. During the Centenary he was the manager of the Chicago campaign in which $3,200,000 were raised. He is also much in demand as a speaker at Epworth League Institutes and other young peo- ples ' assemblies. Dr. and Mrs. Thrall have three children. Edith, the eldest, a graduate of Albion College, is the wife of Rev. George A. Mooers of Reading, Michigan. Evelyn is a senior in Albion College, and Victor, at the age of ten is in the fifth grade of the public schools. REV. OWEN WRIGHT Dr. Owen Wright, physician and surgeon, and his wife Margaret, lived for many years at Mason, Illinois. He served in the Civil War and was with Sherman on the famous March to the Sea. His wife, formerly Margaret Wallis, was Three Hiiiicired and Stxty-Tiu born in Ireland and was a relative of Lord Ross, the maker of the famous telescope which at that time was the largest in the world. She was also related to Dr. McKay, at one tmie President of the University of Belfast. Their only son Owen Wright, Jr., was born at Mason in the late seventies, attend- ed the public schools, and the preparatory department of De Pauw University, and then entered McKendree College, where he was graduated in 1899, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Society. He did graduate work at the Ohio Wesleyan University where he received the degree of A. M. Early in life he chose the min- istry for his vocation. He was licensed to exhort at the age of seventeen, to preach at nineteen, and began his first pas- torate at twenty-two. He served pastorates in the Southern Illinois Conference until 1901 when he was transferred to the Northwest Indiana Conference. After eighteen years of service there he returned to the Southern Illinois Conference in 1919. He is now stationed at First Church, Nashville. He is philosophical in his trend of thought, oratorical in style, and always an attractive speaker. He is the author of a book entitled Postulates of Life . In addition to his work as a preacher he sometimes occupies the lecture platform. He was married in 1920 to Miss Isabel Cheshier of Vandalia, Illinois. REV. CHARLES C. WOODS, Ph. D. Charles Coke Woods was born near Springfield, Illinois, October 8, i860. He received his bachelor ' s degree from Lewis College at Glasgow, Missouri in 1885. He received the degree of B. D. from Garrett in 1889. After completing the required graduate work in McKendree he was granted the degree of Ph. D. in 1899. Dr. Woods has spent his life as a Methodist minister, for many years in Kansas, and then in California. But besides the usual work of the minister, he has done much work as a writer and lecturer. He has written for the Epworth Herald, The Central Advocate, The Sunday School Journal, and The Methodist Review. He is the author of several books of which the titles are A Pilgrim Jew , A Harp of the Heart , The Reign of Reason in Religion , and In the Beauty of Meadow and Mountain . REV. ARTHUR J. WHEELER, Ph. D. Arthur J. Wheeler was born at Staits Lake, Michigan, September 25, 1841. He received his college education at the Northwestern University, which institution granted him the degrees of A. B. and A. M. Later he completed the course in Garrett Biblical Institute and received the degree of S. T. B. He has long been a member of the Michigan Con- ference. After taking the required courses in McKendree, he was granted the degree of Ph. D. on examination. WALTER A. ORR Walter A. Orr was a member of this class and received the degree of LL. B. He enrolled from Greenville. We have no information as to his present address. THE CLASS OF 1900 WILLIAM B. EATON William Burke Eaton was born near Edwardsville, Illinois, November 28, 1875. He is a son of Henry A. and Margaret (Burke) Eaton. They are both native Americans but the former is of English- Welsh and the latter of Irish ancestry. William B. entered McKendree in September, 189J, and grad- uated in June, 1900, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was married May J I, 1905 to Miss Mary Edith Smith. After devoting a few years to agricultural interests he left Illinois and went to the far northwest. For some years he was engaged in gold mining and prospecting in Alaska. For a time he held the position of City Clerk in Nome, Alaska. He is now an orchardist, residing near Brogan, Oregon. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias. ANDREW J. FLETCHER Andrew Jackson Fletcher lived in Harrisburg, Illinois, before he came to McKendree in 1898 to take a law course. He graduated in the class of 1900, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of Plato. He practiced law for awhile in his home city and held the office of City Attorney. Later he went to St. Louis and engaged in the restaurant business. He subsequently went to Chicago and engaged in the same business. He died in Chicago in 19 12. MRS. GERTRUDE GAFFNER REINHARDT Gertrude Gaffner was born at Trenton, Illinois, October 2, 1884. She entered McKendree in 1896 and graduated in 1900, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She taught school five years — four of these in her home town. She was married July 22, 1908 to Dr. O. F. Reinhardt of New Baden, Illinois. They lived in Aviston for some years, but now reside m Mascoutah where the Doctor is practicing his profession. JUDGE WILLIAM STOKER William Stoker, son of Isaac and Nancy Stoker, was born at Dayton, Ohio, November 8, 1822, and died at Centralia, Illinois in the year 190J. He came to Illinois with his parents about the year 1836. After his general education was finished he studied law under the direction of Hon. Benjamin Bond of Carlyle and was admitted to the bar of Illinois. He prac- ticed law first for a few years at Louisville, Illinois; then in Three Hundred and Seventy MC KENDREE 1854 he moved to Centralia, Illinois, where he devoted the remainder of his long lif e to the legal profession. He was a trustee of McKendree College from 1870 until the time of his death. In iqoo the college honored him with the degree of LL. D. He was noted for his faithful attendance of the meetings of the Board. His two sons both graduated from McKendree. He was a member of the Methodist Church. MRS. JESSIE HOUSAM BEHRENS Jessie Mae Housam is a native of O ' Fallon and a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Housam. After passing through the public schools of OTallon, she entered the Music De- partment of McKendree College and completed the course, graduating in 1900 with the degree of Bachelor of Music. She taught music for some time. She was married October 16, 1909 to Dr. Charles F. Behrens, a veterinary Surgeon, who has an extensive practice m O ' Fallon and vicinity. MRS. AMY HOLDERBY McQUEEN Amy Holderby was born at Carmi, Illinois, November 29, 1879. She came to McKendree m 1898 and became a member of the Clionian Society. She graduated with the class of 1900, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She took additional training in Music at the Cincinnati Con- servatory of Music and for several years following was en- gaged in teaching music. She was married October 10, 1908 to Dr. David McQueen, a native of North Carolina. They made their home at Punta Gordo, Florida, where Dr. Mc- Queen has practiced his profession for many years. They have three children. Mrs. McQueen has been a member of the Methodist Church since early youth and is a member of the Order of the Eastern Star. LIZZIE O. KIRK Lizzie O. Kirk was born at Robinson, Illinois, February 19, 1879. Her parents are Thomas J. and Selina (Holmes) Kirk, the former of Scotch-Irish, and the latter of Irish descent. She entered McKendree in September, 1894 and graduated in June, 1900. She received the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. After graduation she taught three years in the country schools of Crawford County; then two years in the Robinson schools; and is now teaching in the Oblong schools. Her father having died some years ago she resides with her mother in Oblong. She is a member of the Methodist Church and the Order of the Eastern Star. WILLIAM H. NIX, M. D. William H. Nix was born near EdwardsviUe, Illinois, April 4, 187 ;. He entered McKendree in 1896 and graduated in 1900, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of Philo. He took a course in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, and from that institution, received the degree of M. D. m 1905. He was married to Laura M. Dickie of Indiana, Pennsylvania, in 1907. They have a son, Robert. Dr. Nix practiced his profession one year at EdwardsviUe; then several years at Homer, Pennsylvania; and then he became surgeon for the Lackawanna Coal and Coke Com- pany. He IS a member of the Methodist Church. BEN G. SCOTT Ben Guy Scott was born near OTallon, Illinois, January 15, 1881, the son of William S. and Mary E. (Rader) Scott. He became a student m McKendree in the fell of 1896 and graduated in the class of 1900, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of Philo. After his graduation he obtained a position m the Post Office in St. Louis, and in 1906 he was in the employ of the Frisco Railroad Company. After that he sought the recov- ery of his health in Texas, but a career that promised much was cut off almost at its beginning by that dread scourge, tuberculosis. He died December i, 1909. JAMES F. TUCKER James F. Tucker received the degree of LL. B. m 1900. He was a member of Plato. We have no late information concerning him. OTIS W. WILTON Otis Wilbur Wilton was born at Huey, Illinois, Decem- ber 5, 1876. He IS a son of William F. and Sarah (Chard) Wilton. He entered McKen dree as a student in the fall of 1893 and graduated June 14, 1900, with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married October 20, 1901, to Miss May A. Waggoner, of Godfrey, Illinois. Their chil- dren are Dorris William, Lor- raine Mason, Floyd Wesley, and Paul Wilbur. The last named is now deceased. Mr. OTIS WILTON Wilton taught the Clinton School in Clinton County for one year after his graduation, and was principal of the Huey School for two years. In April, 1903, he accepted a position with the Prudential Insurance Company. He is now engaged in the insurance business at Alton. He IS a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Three Hundred and SeientyOn MC KENDREE THE CLASS OF HKll MRS. AMY BACHMANN STONECIPHER Amy Bachmann was born in Salem, Illinois, September 4, 1881. Her parents were Adam H. and Mary Bachmann, who were of German descent. Miss Bachmann entered McKen- dree in the fall of 1898 and joined the Clionian Society. She graduated in June, 1901 with the degree of Bachelor ot Music. She was married August 17, 1904, to Mr. John S. Stonecipher, lawyer and banker of Salem, Illinois. Their children are Frank George, born in 1905, and Maude Louise, in 1907. Mrs. Stonecipher is a member of the Methodist Church and the Order of Eastern Star. MRS. BLANCHE BEGOLE PATTERSON Blanche Begole was born near O ' Fallon, Illinois, Decem- ber 16, 1882. She entered the music department of McKen- dree College in 1896 and graduated in 1901, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. After teaching music a few years she was married November j, 1910 to Frank W. Patterson of Sidell, Illinois. They reside near Collinsville. REV. JOHN W. DUNDAS, S. T. B. John Wesley Dundas was born near Johnsonville, Illinois, August 29, 1870. He first became a student in McKendree in 1890 and graduated in igoi with the degree of A. B. However he was not in col- lege for this whole period, hut was out serving pastoral char- ges several years. While in Mc- Kendree he was a member of Philo. After his graduation he served charges in the Southern Illinois Conference until IQ04 when he was transferred to the Illinois Conference. In iqc6 he entered Boston University School of Theology and in 1909 received the degree of S. T. B. from that institution. J INDAS Since then he has been in the regular work of the pastorate in the Illinois Conference. He belongs to the Masonic Order, the Odd Fellows and the Modern Woodmen. He was married December 15, 1897 t;o Mary Frances Thacker of Vienna, Illinois. They have one daughter, Emma Leona, who is a high school teacher WILLIAM V. BYARS William Vincent Byars was born in Covington, Tennes ' see, June 21, i8 ' ;7. He is the son of James and Mary (Vin- cent) Byars. He received a thorough classical education chiefly under his father ' s tutelage. He has been employed for many years in editorial and literary work. He has been on the editorjal staff of a number of the leading St. Louis papers, among them the Times, the Globe-Democrat, the Repubhc, and the Chronicle. He was four years with the New York World and a contributor to Harper ' s Weekly. He is author of various works both poetry and prose, and editor of A Handbook of Oratory , The World ' s Best Essays , The World ' s Best Orations , and the most com- pletely annotated edition of Shakespear ever published. He served several years as a trustee of McKendree and received the degree of A. M. in 1901. He was married June i-i, 1880 to Miss Loula C. Collins of Brownsville, Tennessee. Their home is at Kirkwood, Missouri. MRS. GERTRUDE GERKING THRALL Gertrude Gerking was born at Ingraham, Illinois, July 22, 1 88 1. She is a daughter of George W. and Kate (Jones) Gerking who are both natives of Illinois. She entered Mc- Kendree in the fall of 1899 and graduated in 1901, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She was a member of the Clionian Society. She was a student one year in the Chicago Training School and one year in Garrett Biblical Institute. She taught music for a time in Lebanon and is recognized as an excellent vocalist. She has been a member of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church from her early youth. She was married August 27, 1907 to Rev. Chas. H. Thrall, then of the Southern Illinois Conference, but now a member of the Illinois Conference. PROF. JULIUS C. HERBSMAN Julius C. Herbsman was born in 1879 at Summertield, Illinois. He graduated from McKendree in 1901 with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. After teaching a few years he entered the law school of the University of Illinois, where he graduated in 1909 with the degree of LL. B. He has been for many years employed in the Department of Public Speaking of the University of W.ishington, at Seattle. He has also been connected with the Redpath Lyceum Bureau as a lecturer and reader. He was married in 1901 to Miss An na Stark of Lebanon. They have one daughter, Virginia. Mr. Herbsman belongs to the Modern Woodmen, the Knights of Pythias, the Masons, and the Methodist Church. MRS. EDITH LEMEN LOWIS Edith Lemen was born near Collinsville, Illinois, Decem- ber JO, i88j. She is the daughter of Frank B. and Lydia A. (Coleman) Lemen. After attending the public schools, she entered the Music Department of McKendree College from Three Hi.ndred and Set- which she graduated in June, 1901, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She was engaged for a number of years m teaching music. She is a member of the Baptist Church, and for many years was a prominent worker in the Sunday School. She was married December 30, 191 j to Mr. Charles E. Lowis, a prominent farmer of Macoupin County, Illinois. Their home is now near Piasa, Illinois. THOMAS F. MOORE Thomas Franklin Moore was born in Jefferson County, Illinois, February 11, 1871. After being educated m the pub- lic schools he came to McKendree and took a law course which he completed m 1891, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. Since his graduation he has been engaged chiefly in the real estate and mercantile business. He is now located at Wayne City, Illinois. He was married in 1894 to Miss Cora B. Carnes of Shelby County, Illinois. They have five children, Loren B., Forest F., Bernice M., Lester G., and Noel C. Moore. Mr. Moore is a member of the Christian Church. MIGUEL PLANELLAS, LL. B. Miguel Planellas was one of a group of Porto Rican boys who were brought to the United States, from the newly acquired Island, under the auspices of the American govern ' ment and distributed among the colleges who would allow them free tuition as a patriotic cont ribution to the welfare of our newly-acquired possessions. These youths were to receive some Americanizing influences m order that they might assist in Americanizing their fellow citizens in these new possessions of the United States. Mr. Planellas had already studied in Spain and had a fair knowledge of the Spanish law and Spanish language. He was in McKendree for two years. He was kindly received by the students. He became a member of Philo, acquired a knowledge of English, and learned some American ways. In 1901 he received the degree of LL. B. and then went back to practice law m his own city of Cayey, Porto Rico. WILLIAM C. PFEFFER One of the oldest and most highly respected names in Lebanon is that of PfefFer. For many years the Pfeffer Mill- ing Company was composed of the three PfefFer Brothers, Christian J., Louis, and Edward. The death of two of these brothers in recent years has left the business largely in the hands of the younger generation. These younger members of the firm, with their courteous and business-like ways, have demonstrated their ability to carry on the business in a highly successful manner. One of these younger members is William Christian PfefFer, who was born in Lebanon, MR AND MRS W C PFEFFER August ji, 1882. He is the only son of Christian J. and Anna (Bachmann) Pfeffer, though he has one sister who was also a student in McKendree. His father, who was the senior member of the Milling Company, died January 10, 1924. He was not only one of Lebanon ' s most successful business men, but he was a public -spirited citizen, as shown by the fact that he served several terms as mayor of the city and for many years president of the Board of Education. He was also for some years a trustee of McKendree. William C. re- ceived his education in the public schools, both grade and high school, of Lebanon, and in McKendree College, where he became a student in 1899. During the three years he was in college he took both musical and literary work. He com- pleted the music course under Professor Pesold in 1901 and received the degree of B. Mus. He pursued literary courses for another year and attained junior standing but did not complete the college course. He was a member of the Platon- ian Society. Upon leaving school he immediately took up work with the milling company and soon made his own place in the extensive business which that company carries on, including not only the flour, feed, and grain business, but also one of the largest lumber yards m Southern Illinois. Mr. Pfeffer is now Secretary and Treasurer of this company, which easily does the largest business of any firm in Lebanon. He was reared in the Evangelical Church, tho he frequent- ly attends the Methodist Church to which the other mem- bers of his family belong. He gives liberal financial support to both churches. He has for some years been a trustee of the Methodist Church. He is a member of the Rotary Club and of the Lebanon School Board. He is a trustee of McKen- dree College and has for many years been treasurer of the McKendree Alumni Association. He is interested in com- munity enterprises and is a liberal supporter of every one that he regards as a worthy cause. Three Hundred and Seuentv-Th MC KENDREE s .. .. He was married November 19, 1907 to Miss Dora Dough- erty of Mound City, Illinois. She is one of the four daughters of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew J. Dougherty who were among the prominent citizens of their city. Mr. Dougherty was engaged in several lines of manufacturing and was interested in the light and water company of the city. Both he and Mrs. Dougherty have been dead for a number of years. Dora graduated from the Mound City High School in 1901 and from McKendree College in 1905, receiving the degree of A. B. She was a Clio and a member of one of the Clio Quar- tettes. Some account of this quartette is given in the history of Clio, found elsewhere in this volume. Since her marriage she has hved in one of the fine homes of Lebanon, which is now enlivened by the presence of three wide-awake young people, the children of the Pfeffer family. They are all mem- bers of the Lebanon High School. Dorothy, the eldest, is a member of the class of ' 28 and has won honors as a vocalist. She sings regularly in the Methodist choir. The two sons, Jackson and William, commonly known as Jack and Bill are both interested in athletics and play on the Lebanon High School basket ball team. Mrs. Pfeffer is a woman of liberal culture and high ideals. She IS intensely interested in the welfare of her own children, but beside that she is also interested in the other children of the community. She served for several years as a member of the School Board, and is now the teacher of a class of boys in Sunday School. She is also an active worker in other organ- izations of the Church — notably the Ladies Aid. Whenever the Aid Society undertakes some diflBcult enterprise they feel that success is assured if they can induce Mrs. Pfeffer to help them put it over . However, notwithstanding her interest in community enterprises, Mrs. Pfeffer feels that her most important work in life is to provide a happy and attractive home for her children, and to help them develop the strong and useful character that they will be sure to need in later life. HON. W. DUFF PIERCY Willis Duff Piercy was born at Belle City, Hamilton County, Ilhnois, April 28, 1874. He was the son of Dr. and Mrs. Sherwood Piercy. He attended the public schools, and Ewing College, studied law and was admitted to the bar, all before he came to McKendree. He entered in September, 1896 and graduated in 1901, receiving the degree of A. B. He was the valedictorian of his class. He was a member of Philo. After his graduation he was superintendent of schools at Greenville, lUinois for two years. He then entered the graduate department of Harvard University and received a W. D. PIERCY Master ' s Degree in 1904. For several years he travelled as representative of the Charles E. Merrill Company, publish- ers, of New York City. He aft- erwards became editor of the Mt. Vernon Daily News. He also entered the field of politics to some extent. He was a mem- ber of the lower house of the Illinois Legislature and later represented the forty -sixth dis- trict as State Senator. He is the author of two books, Death and its Sorrows , published in 1908 and Great Inventions and Discoveries , published in 1911. He was frequently called into ser ' ice as a lecturer, commencement orator, and in other lines of public speaking. He was married April 3 , 1895 to EulaliaWhitson of Mt. Vernon. Their one daughter was born January 15, 1904. Mr. Piercy ' s death occurred at Mt. Vernon, November 11, 1918. FRED W. REINHARDT Fred W. Reinhardt was born in Lebanon, Illinois, Septem- ber 25, 1880. He is a son of Charles and Ellen (Williams) Reinhardt who are natives of Illinois. After completing the work of the public schools of Lebanon, he entered McKen- dree in the fall of 1894 and graduated in June, 1901 with the degree of A. B. He was the salutatorian of his class. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He took the law course in Washington University, St. Louis, and received from that institution the degree of LL. B. He then entered upon the practice of law in Chicago where he maintains an office in the First National Bank Building. He was married August 25, 1909 to Miss Osie Helen Ritter of Chicago. PROF. WILLIAM F. THRALL, Ph. D. One of the many successful educators among McKendree alumni is Professor William Flint Thrall (A. B., 1901; A. M., 1902). He is a son of the late Dr. L. W. Thrall, a pro- minent member of the Southern Illinois Conference, and Mrs. Edith Flint Thrall, first woman graduate of McKen- dree. He was born in Ashley, Illinois, December 15, 1880, and entered McKendree in 1896. He was a member of Mc- Kendree Glee Club for three years, Plato Quartette one year, and was co-author, with James A. Finch, of Plato Souvenir Catalog (1901). After graduation, he taught school in Arizona, later entering high school work in Illinois. He specialized in English in the Universities of Illinois and Three Hundred and SexentyFour MC KENDREE PROFESSOR THRALL Chicago and received from the latter institution two ad- vanced degrees (A. M., 191 1; Ph. D., 1920). He was pro- fessor of English in McKen- dree from 1909 to 1920, serving two years as librarian and five years as registrar. In 1920 he transferred to the University of North Carolina, where he now holds the rank of Profess- or. At present he is an advisory editor of ' StudiesinPhilology , one of the leading technical magazines in its iield. To this journal and to Modern Philology and the Manly Anniversary Studies m Philo- logy and Literature he has contributed several technical papers on topics drawn from his field of special study, early Irish literature and church history. He is a member of the American Association of University Professors, the Medie- val Academy of America, the Modern Language Associa- tion, the Modern Humanities Research Association, and the National Council of Teachers of English. Last year he was president of the North Carolina Council of English Teachers. In 1906 he married Miss Enola Keisling, daughter of Rev. Willard Keisling, now a retired member of the Southern Illinois Conference. Miss Keisling, before her graduation from McKendree in 1905, was an active member of Clio, and since her marriage beside devoting herself to her home has been interested in musical and artistic activities, being at present a member of the A Capella choir and the Art Club in Chapel Hill. She and her husband have been life-long members of the Methodist Church. They have one daughter, Rosalie, who has attained the rank of Senior in the Univer- sity and who won her Phi Beta Kappa scholarship key in her Junior year. At present she is employed in the catalogu- ing department in the University Library, and after com- pleting her college course expects to specialize in library science. THE CLASS OF 1902 REV. J. P. CUMMINS Joyce Peter Cummins was born at Reevesville, Illinois, October 7, 1875. He was brought up on a farm. He entered McKendree in 1896 and graduated in June, 1902 with the degree of A. B. He was a member of Plato. Later he pursued theological courses at Evanston and Boston. He received the degree of S. T. B. from Boston University School of Theo- logy. He was married November 26, 1903 to Ellen E. Up- church of Galatia, Illinois. They have three children. He has been continuously employed in the work of the pastorate, tho not all the time in the same conference. He has served in Minnesota and Iowa, but for many years he has been a member of the Illinois Conference. MRS. CARRIE DAUSMAN YARBROUGH Carrie Dausmann was born near Lebanon, January 21, 1885. She was educated in the Lebanon public schools and McKendree. She finished the music course and graduated with the class of 1902, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She later attended the Weltner Conservatory in St. Louis and graduated there in 190 ' ;. After that she taught music for several years until her marriage to Mr. S. C. Yar- brough of Corydon, Kentucky. They live at Highwood, Illinois. MRS. ETHEL DOUGHERTY DICKSON Ethel E. Dougherty was born June 14, 1880, at Mound City, Illinois. She entered McKendree in the fall of 1897 and graduated in 1902 with the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Society. For six years after her graduation she taught in the schools of her home town. In September 1908 she was married to Mr. William A. Dickson. A little later they moved to the state of Oregon; their home is now in the city of Portland where they are both engaged in educational work. MRS. LULU FARTHING CHAMBERLIN Lulu Mildred Farthing was born at Odin, Illinois, July 22, 1876. She became a student in McKendree in the fall of 1898 and in June, 1899, she graduated from the music depart- ment. She then continued the regular college course and graduated in 1902 with the degree of A. B. She was the salutatorian of her class. She was a very active member of Clio. She was the winner of the Bryan Medal in 1901 and also of the Brown Oratorical prize in the same year. She taught in the public schools of her home town for a year and in November, 1903, she was married to John M. Chamberlin of the class of 1891. They have three children. Their home for several years has been at Mineral Wells, Texas. MRS. CORA GEDNEY BERRY Cora Florence Gedney was born in Lebanon, Illinois, October ii, 1883. She graduated from the Lebanon high school and entered McKendree in 1898. She graduated in 1902 with the degree of Bachelor of Music. She was a mem- ber of Clio. She was married February 14, 1911 to Dr. Roy C. Berry of Harrisburg, who was formerly a student at Mc- Kendree. For many years their home has been in Livingston, Three Hundred and Se c KENDREE : :.. , . Illinois, where Dr. Berry is engaged in the pnictice of medi- cine. Before her marriage Mrs. Berry was an active worker in the Methodist Church. MRS. MAE HOBBS BURGARD Mae E. Hobbs was born in Clinton County, Illinois, May 2j, 1880. She spent the greater part of her youth in Lebanon to which place her parents moved to educate their children. She was first enrolled in McKendree in 1898. She took a part of the Literary Course and completed the Music Course, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music in 1902. She was married July 3, 1905 to Hugo V. Burgard who was also a student in McKendree for several years. They have one son, Maynard H. Burgard. Their home for many years has been in Hollywood, California, where Mr. Burgard is engaged m insurance business. She was a Clio and belongs to the Methodist Church. GRACE MORRIS Grace Morris, youngest daughte r of John and Jane Morris, was born in Cornwall, England. While still a child she came with her parents to America, and her home has been in Lebanon nearly ever since. After completing the courses in the Music department of McKendree, both vocal and instru- mental, she graduated in June, 1902, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She is popular as a vocalist and has given much time to various lines of music since her graduation. She teaches piano to private pupils. Since the death of her parents she has made her home with her sisters in Lebanon. She belongs to the Methodist Church, and is Assistant Chorister. MRS. AGNES PFEFFER GORDLEY Agnes PfefFer was born in Lebanon, Illinois, July 28, 1886. Her father was several times Mayor of Lebanon. She grad- uated from the Music Department of McKendree in 1902, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. Some years ago she was married to Mr. W. P. Gordley of Beardstown. Their home is in that city, where Mr. Gordley practices law. REV. CHARLES L. PETERSON, D. D. There are several cases in McKendree ' s history where whole families are McKendreans. That will doubtless be true of the Peterson family as soon as the youngest member has finished his high school course. Charles Logan Peterson, himself a preacher ' s son, had already decided to enter the ministry before he came to McKendree, and all his prepara- tion was directed to that end. He was born at Sanburn, Illinois, December 11, 1878. After receiving his preliminary education he came to McKendree in 1898 and graduated in 1902 with the degree of A. B. Twenty-one years later his Alma Mater conferred upon him the degree of D. D. He THE PETERSON FAMILY joined the conference in the same year that he graduated and was a successful pastor from the very start. In his early min- istry he led in the building of new churches at Washington Street, Alton, and at East Alton. He also remodelled, and almost rebuilt, the church at Marissa. He has been pastor of some of the leading churches in the conference — as Murphys- boro, Mt. Carmel, and Mt. Vernon. Since 1924 he has been superintendent of the Mt. Carmel District. He was a dele- gate to the General Conferences of 1920 and 1924, and an alternate in 1928. During the World War he was a member of the draft board, and a Minute Man in the Liberty Loan drives. He is President of the Board of Hospitals and Homes in the Southern Illinois Conference, and has been a member of McKendree ' s Joint Board for the last twenty years. He has had an active part in every campaign for raising money that has been put on for the college in all those years. He has also served on the Board of Directors of the Wesley Foundation at the University of Illinois during the whole history of the movement. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, an Odd Fellow, and a member of Plato in McKendree. He was married November 26, 1903 to Miss Phebe Elsie Lewis of Lebanon. Indeed there is more than a suspicion that she is largely responsible for Dr. Peterson ' s unusual success m the ministry. Her mother was a soldier ' s widow with but Httle financial resources. So Phebe partly paid her own way through McKendree by teaching music and kindergarten. She completed the Music Course in McKendree in 189 and the regular college course in 1897, receiving the degree of B. S. She then pursued graduate courses in Beethoven Conservatory of Music in St. Louis, and graduated there in 1900. For years she was a very active worker in the Lebanon Church. When she became a pastor ' s wife, it merely enlarged the sphere of her activities. She has been the inspiration of the musical and young peoples ' activites in the various corn- Three Hu?idred and Set eiit;y-Si. ' MC KENDREE munities where she has hved. She has been for ten years Conference Superintendent of the Children ' s work m W. F. M. S. and has several times served on the faculty of the McKendree Epworth League Institute. She has also been prominent in the field of musical drama and opera. For church- es, women ' s qlubs and other organizations she has directed the presentation of Queen Esther , King Saul , Elijah and ' ' William Tell . But with all these extra claims on her time she does not neglect her home or the training of her two sons, Lewis Vincent and Paul Quayle. The elder of these graduated from McKendree in 1927 with the degree of A. B. And hav- ing secured the McKendree Scholarship at the University of Illinois, he is pursuing graduate work m that institution. At McKendree he was noted for the number of extra-curri- cular activities he could carry on and still maintain good standing in his classes. He has been president of Plato, President of Pi Kappa Delta, President of the Glee Club, Editor m -Chief of The McKendrean, and a member of the M Club, of the Debate Team, and of the McKendree Quartette. He was active in dramatics and was on the track team. Notwithstanding all these outside activities, he gradu- ated as one of the honor men of his class. The younger brother, Paul Quayle, is now a sophomore in the Mt. Vernon High School, and is popular among his fellow-students. He was president of the Freshman class. He IS now a cheer leader for the school, is on the track team, and is a member of the editorial staff of the High School annual. As soon as he finishes the high school he too will be a McKendrean, Uke all the other members of the family. MRS. EULALIA WHITSON PIERCY Eulalia Whitson was born in Kinmundy, Illinois, Novem- ber 20, 1873. She is the daughter of L. B. and Emelme Whit- son who are both natives of Illinois. After receiving her pre- ] iminary education in the pubhc schools and Ewing College, she was married April 3, 1895 to W. Duff Piercy of Mt. Vernon. The next year they came to McKendree together and both pursued the regular classical course. He, having had more preliminary work was able to finish the course one year sooner. Mrs. Piercy graduated in June, 1902, receiving the degree of A. B. She was a member of the Clionian Liter- ary Society. Since graduation she has been largely occupied with home duties and the training of her only daughter, Helen Whitson Piercy, who was born in 1904. ROBERT WALLIS, D. D. S. Robert WaUis was born at Centralia, Illinois, December 31, 1879. He completed the high school course at Olney and then entered McKendree. He graduated in the class of 1902 receiving the degree ot B. S. He was a member of Philo. In 1905 he graduated from the Dental Department of Washing- ton University, St. Louis, receiving the degree of D. D S. He practiced his profession a few years in Urbana, Illinois, and then changed his location to Peoria, where he is now located. He was married some years ago. He belongs to the Masons, the Elks, and the Modern Woodmen. He also belongs to the Illinois State Dental Society, and served for several years in the Illinois National Guard. He also served m the Illinois Infantry during the Spanish- American War. CHARLES W. BROWN Charles Walter Brown was born in St. Louis, Missouri, June 23, 1866. He is a son of Professor Isaac Hinton Brown and Mrs Esther L .(Quin) Brown, who were both native Americans. He was educated in the Edwardsville High School and the University of Missouri, though he did not graduate at the latter. He received the honorary degree of A. M. from McKendree College in 1902. He has been em- ployed for many years in Chicago as editor, lecturer, and author. He is the author of Nathan Hale , John Paul Jones , Ethan Allen , and a number of other books. He has written, edited, or compiled more than thirty volumes. For many years he maintained the Brown Oratorical Con- test in McKendree College. He was married September 14, 1904 to Miss Mary N. Matson, daughter of Congressman C. C. Matson of Indiana. THEKLA BERNAYS Thekla Bernays was born at Highland, Madison County, Illinois, sometime in the fifties. She is the daughter of Dr. George J. and Minna (Doering) Bernays, and a younger sister of Dr. A. C. Bernays, the famous surgeon. Her ancestors were both French and German; among them were both Jewish Rabbis and French Huguenots. The family moved to Lebanon in 1866 where her brother and later she herself be- came students in McKendree. But immediately after the graduation of the brother the family moved to Heidelberg, Germany where he pursued a medical course in Heidelberg University. Thus Thekla was prevented from finishing her course at McKendree, but was known as an efficient student while there. She was an active member of the Clionian Liter- ary Society and was twice elected president of that organiza- tion. In 1902, McKendree conferred upon her the degree of A. M. honoris causa, in recognition of her achievements in literary work as a writer for various papers and magazines. She is also the author of a well-written biography of her brother, published in 1912. She has travelled extensively in Europe and other parts of the world, and is a hnguist of no Three Hundred and Seventy-Seve mean attainments. She is well known in St. Louis, her home city, as a public speaker and lecturer before various literary organizations and culture clubs. She now lives in New York City. REV. JOTHAM A. SCARRITT, D. D. Jotham All Scarritt was born in Madison County, near the present site of Godfrey, June 23, 1827. He was a younger brother of Nathan Scarritt who graduated from McKendree in 1842, also of Isaac Scarritt who was for half a century a member of the Illinois Conference. His father ' s home was headquarters for the- Methodist Circuit riders. At the age of twenty-two he was licensed to preach and in the same year was married to Rebecca Meldrum who was his life partner for fifty-six years. They had three children. Two died in infancy. The other, Ada V., became the wife of Hon. George Parsons of Cairo. Brother Scarritt was admitted on trial in the Illinois Conference in 185 1. As the Southern Illinois Conference was organized the next year he became a charter member of it. He was for sixty-four years a member. When the Conference celebrated its semi-centennial in 1902 at Fairfield, he delivered the address of the occasion. At that time he was the only one of the original members still in the effective relation. He was for a full half century a member of McKendree ' s Joint Board, either as a Conference Visitor or a Trustee. In 1902, McKendree conferred upon him the degree of D. D. After taking the retired relation in 1906, he spent the remaining ten years of his life in Alton, and from that city passed to the Celestial City, February 28, 1916. THE CLASS OF 1903 DR. ANGUS J. BARTER Angus J. Barter was born in Williamson County, Illinois, March 21, 1875. His parents were William and Margaret Barter, the former of English and the latter of Scotch descent. He grew up on a farm and after receiving his early education in the public schools entered McKendree in September 1898. He graduated in the class of 1903, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was active in the Y. M. C. A. work and was a local preacher in the Methodist Church. While still a student he decided to give his life to missionary work and joined the student volunteer band. In this work he was a leader as well as in organizing mission study classes among the students. After mature deliberat ion he decided to become a medical mission- ary, accordingly he entered the Medical College of Wash- ington University, St. Louis and from this institution re- ceived the degree of M. D. in 1908. In October of the same year he sailed with his family under appointment from the Canadian Methodist Church to engage in missionary work in the Orient. He was located at Pen Hsien, West China, where for many years he engaged in the work of a medical missionary. He was married August 31, 1904 to Miss Kate R. Gould of Mount Carmel, Illinois, who was a student at McKendree for several years. Dr. Barter has written some very interesting letters de- scribing his work and the people among whom he labors. He is a member of the Masonic Order. In 1924, he came home on a furlough, and is spending a few years in the home country for the sake of educating his children. HAROLD P. BARNES Harrisburg, Illinois is very fortunate in having for one of its citizens Harold Phillips Barnes, lumber merchant. He has supplied the material for sev- eral hundred homes, and has contributed to the develop- ment of his city in many ways. Mr. Barnes entered the lumber business following his graduation from McKendree College in 1903. His high school training was obtained m Harrisburg. During the World War, Mr. Barnes served as Fuel Ad- ministrator of Saline County. For the past twenty years, he has been a member of the Board of Education of the Harris- burg Township High School. He is a charter member of the Rotary Club, and a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason. While in McKendree, he was a Philo. He was born in Turner, Maine in 1880, and was married to Miss Gertrude Scott in 1907. Two children, Juliet and George D., are a result of the union. Owner of the Barnes Lumber Company, Mr. Barnes is intensely interested in the conservation of forests. He is a staunch supporter for the advancement of agriculture and the protection of wild life, and is at present devoting con- siderable time to his interests in agricultural and forest lands in Southern Illinois. He firmly believes that the best interests of sound government are assured by school development. MRS. ELSIE BRADLEY SAGER Elsie May Bradley was born at luka, Illinois, September 13, 1881. She is a daughter of Rev. W. R. and Mary L. Bradley, who are both native Americans. Her father has been for many years a member of the Southern Illinois Con- HAROLD BARNES ference. She graduated from the Staunton, lUinois High School as salutatonan of the class of 1900. She entered Mc- Kendree in the fall of 1901 and graduated in June, 1903, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society and of one of the Clio quar- tettes. December 22, 1903, she was married to Mr. Jesse B. Sager of Lebanon, Illinois, who was also for some years a student at McKendree, and then secretary of the Sager Hardware Company which was one of Lebanon ' s oldest business houses. They have one daughter, Alice Louise, and one son, Richard. Mrs. Sager is a member of the Order of the Eastern Star, and a beneficiary member of the Royal Neighbors of America. The Sagers now live in St. Louis. MRS. FLOSSIE BUNDY ENSIGN Flossie Bundy was born at Carterville, Illinois, December 28, 1884. She IS a daughter of S. H. and Sarah (Carter) Bundy. After completing the high school course in her home town and having attended Shurtleff College for a time, she entered McKendree in September 1902. She completed the course in the Department of Instrumental Music in 1903 and received the degree of Bachelor of Music. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. For two years, 1906 to 1908, she studied music in Hanover, Germany. In July, 1908, she was married to Newton E. Ensign at Oxford, England. They have one son, Richard Bundy Ensign, born February 22, 191 1. For many years past their home has been in Champaign, where Professor Ensign is employed as an Instructor in the University of Illinois. MRS. NELLIE DARE SKAGGS Nellie E. Dare was born July i, 1885 at Lenzburg, Illinois. She entered the Music Department of McKendree in March, 1902 and graduated in June, 1903 with the degree of Bachelor of Music. She taught music for three years and then December 24, 1906, was married to Dr. C. S. Skaggs, who is still practicing his profession in East St. Louis. She is a member of the First Methodist Church of East St. Louis and uses her musical talent in the interest of the church. She was for two years organist for the Plymouth Congregational church in her home city, and was a charter member of the Schubert Club, a mus ical organization of East St. Louis. MRS. MARY FLINT MORGAN Mary F. Flint was born at Mt. Vernon, Illinois, June 9, 1881. She is a daughter of Rev. Dr. J. W. Flint, a prominent member of the Southern Illinois Conference, and Mrs. Minerva E. (Robertson) Flint, both of whom are native Americans. She entered McKendree in September, 1899 and graduated in June, 1903, with the degree of A. B. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. For two years after her graduation she was a teacher occupying a position as assistant principal of the Trenton (Illinois) high school. June 26, 1906, she was married to Mr. E. Lon Morgan of the class of 1904 at McKendree. They have two daughters, Elizabeth born November ;, 1908, and Esther, born May 18, 1910. She and her husband are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They now reside at Columbia, Missouri, where Professor Morgan has a position in the State College of Agriculture. NELLIE B. GORRELL Nellie B. Gorrell was born at Newton, Illinois, but when she entered McKendree in 1898, her home was at Louisville, where her father was editor of the Louisville Republican. She graduated in 1903 with the degree of A. B. She was a member of Clio. After teaching some years she took a special course in the State Normal School at Normal, Illinois, and received the degree of B. E. from that institution. She has made teaching her vocation. She is also an accomplished musician and teacher of violin. She is a member of the Meth ' odist Church and the Order of the Eastern Star. CAMERON HARMON He graduated m the class of 1903, receiving the degree of A. B. A sketch of his life will appear in connection with the account of his administration as president of McKendree. REV. SILAS H. HOAR Silas Hayes Hoar was born at St. Elmo, Illinois, October 17, 1877. He is a son of Rev. B. A. and Lydia A. (Sapp) Hoar. His father was for many years a member of the South- ern Illinois Conference. He entered McKendree in 1899 and graduated in 1903, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was licensed to preach in 1903 and admitted in full connection into the Southern Illinois Conference in 1907. He attended Garrett Biblical Institute for several terms and while a student there was pastor of several student charges. In the Southern IlHnois Conference he served a number of charges. In 1920 he was transferred to the Illinois Conference which is now his field of labor. He was married September 19, 1905 to Miss Nelle DeWiers of Harrisburg, who was a teacher in the City Schools of that place. They have four children. ETHEL E. HORNER Ethel Eugenia Horner was born July 2, 1887 in Denver, Colorado, but she was reared in Lebanon where her home has been for the most of her life. She is a direct descendant of Nicholas, Nathan, and Henry Horner, down to her father Three Hundred and Sev Roland H. Horner, all of whom have in some way been con- nected with McKendree College. She was a student in Mc- Kendree for some years and finished the Music Course in 1903, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She was a member of Clio. After many years of teaching by utilizing summer terms and credits which she had earned in the Nor- mal schools, she finished the required number of credits to graduate in the regular course in McKendree, which she did, receiving the degree of A. B. in 1927. She has been for some years a teacher in the Hillsboro High School. MAGDALENA MILLER Magdalena Miller was born near Carmi, White County, Illinois, November 20, 1884. Her father, Leonard Miller, is a native of White County, Illinois. Her mother, Caroline (Wohlmeter) Miller, came to Illinois from Elsas, Germany. She entered the music department of McKendree College in October, 1902. She had already had considerable musical training and therefore was able to graduate in June, 190J, with the degree of Bachelor of Music. After graduation, she taught music for two years; then took another course of in- struction under Professor Arthur Lieber of St. Louis. Since that time she has been one of the popular music teachers of that part of the country. She is an active member of the Evangelical Church of Carmi, of which she is pianist. She is also a teacher in the Sunday School. She belongs to the Helping Hand , a society formed for aiding the poor, is recording secretary of the W. C. T. U., and a member of the Ben Hur Lodge. MRS. MYRTLE LOY DANTE Myrtle Thread Loy was born at Clay City, Illinois, No ' vember 2, 1883. She entered McKendree in 1898 and grad- uated in 1903, receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of Clio. She was married September 17, 1907 to Harris Dante, at Centralia, where her father was at that time pastor of the Methodist Church. Mr. Dante was for some years editor of the Piatt County Republican at Monticello, Illinois. Mrs. Dante has devoted much time to the study of the piano and pipe organ, and uses her talent wherever practica- ble for the benefit of the church of which she is a member. She has a son named Harris Loy Dante. MRS. EVA OTWELL KORTKAMP Eva M.iud Otwell was born at Plainview, Illinois, July 27, 1879. Her father is a direct descendant of John Alden and Priscilla. Her parents had twelve children and for twenty-six years had one or more children in McKendree as students continuously. Eva was an active member of Clio. She graduated in 1903, receiving the degree of A. B. She taught school for several years and then on June 30, 1908 she was married to Alfred Warren Kortkamp of Alton, who later entered the ministry of the Pentecostal Church and he is now pastor of the church of that denomination in Alton. MRS. MABEL SHARP COURTER Mabel Alice Sharp was born at Mt. Carmel, Illinois, November 23, 1880. Her father, George W. Sharp, was an Englishman, her mother a native American. She entered Mc- Kendree in September, 1897, a ' graduated in June, 1903, with the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married November 30, 190s to Mr. Clinton E. Courter. Mrs. Courier claims her occupation as house-keeping and regards it as a noble calling. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the Order of the Eastern Star. DR. RALPH S. SABINE Ralph Stottart Sabine was born at Bridgeport, Illinois, June 17, 1881. His parents. Rev. Chas. W. and Mrs. Rebecca Sabine, were both American. He entered McKendree in 1899 and graduated in 1903, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society, and also of a Plato Quartette of long standing, which even to the present time occasionally gets together and sings the old songs at college re-unions. The other members of the quar- tette are Messrs. Van Cleve, Clucas, and Sager. After grad- uating at McKendree, Mr. Sabine took a medical course in the St. Louis University College of Medicine and received the degree of M. D. from that institution. After a year as interne in the city hospital of St. Louis, he began the prac- tice of medicine and surgery in Murphysboro, Illinois, where he is now located. He was married in 1908 to Miss Myrtle Stephens. He is a member of the Methodist Church and the Knights of Pythias. REV. CHARLES H. THRALL Charles Haven Thrall was born at Grayville, Illinois, October 20, 1883. His parents were Rev. L. W. Thrall of the Southern Illinois Conference and Edith (Flint) Thrall, both now deceased. He became a student in McKendree in 1896 and graduated in 1903, with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After teaching m the public schools two years, he entered Garrett Biblical Institute and graduated in 1908 with the degree of S. T. B. He was then for two years Professor of Greek and Hebrew in the Central Holiness University of Oskaloosa, Iowa. From 1910 to 1912 he was pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church in St. Francisville, Illinois. He joined the South- ern Illinois Conference in 1905 and in 191 2 was transferred Three Hundred and £ig(il ffMC KENDREE fe :. .. ...- to the Illinois Conference. He was married August 27, 190 to Miss Gertrude Gerking of Lebanon, Illinois, who is also a graduate of McKendree. They have one son, Robert. He recently led an important church building enterprise to a sue cessful conclusion at Qumcy, Illinois. GILBERT H. VAN CLEVE Gilbert Haven Van Cleve was horn ,it Staunton, Illinois, December 15, 1880. His father. Rev. William Van Cleve, was of Dutch ancestry and was a member ot the Southern Illinois Conference. His mother, Sarah E. Galloway, was of English descent. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1899 and graduated m June, 1902 with the degree ot A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married February 4, 1904 to Miss Mary L. Hale of Topeka, Kansas, the daughter of a Methodist minister. They have two sons and one daughter. After graduation, he taught a year at Rantoul, Illinois; then for three years he was city manager of the wholesale hardware company, Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett ii Co. of Chicago. Since then he has been a dealer in stocks and bonds, with offices in Chicago. He is a member of the Masonic Order and the Elks . REV. FRANK O. WILSON, D. D. Frank Oscar Wilson was born near Alma, Marion County, Illinois, February 25, 1S75. He is a son of G. C. and Mary J. (Leckrone) Wilson, of whom the former is of English and Scotch, and the latter of English and Dutch ancestry. He entered McKendree in 1899 and graduated in 190J, receiving the degree of A. B. and he was granted the degree of A. M. on examination m 1904. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married October j, 1906 to Miss Carrie A. Combes of Plamview, Illinois. Mr. Wilson was reared on a farm, taught school four years before attending college, joined the Methodist church when fifteen years of age, was received into the Southern Illinois Conference on probation at Fairfield in 1902, was or- dained Deacon by Bishop McCabe and Elder by Bishop Goodsell. He is now Superintendent of the Olney District of the Southern Illinois Conference. A few years ago Mc- Kendree conferred upon him the degree of D. D. His daugh- ter, Julia, is a member of the Centennial Class in McKendree. THE CLASS OF 1904 REV. FRANCIS M. CALAME Francis Marion Calame was born near Alton, Illinois, February 5, 1871, and died in Oklahoma, January 29, 1911. His parents were Zelim Herculae and Lucinda (Walker) Calame. He grew up on his father ' s farm and after attending the public schools, came to McKendree where his course was much broken up by the necessity of making his own way. He was for several years the principal j.initor of the college while at the same time a student. He finished theclassical course and received the degree of A. B. in 1904. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. After graduating he at once en- tered the ministry of the Methodist Church in the Oklahoma Conference. Here he labored in the Master ' s cause for the remainder of his brief career. He was a successful pastor and besides the ordinary work of a Methodist preacher, he carried on the enterprise of building a new church at Krem- lin, Oklahoma, while he was pastor at that place. He was married December 30, 1894 to Mary H. Calame who with five children survive him. REV. MARSHALL CAMPBELL Marshall Campbell was born in Hamilton County, Illi- nois, October 6, 1878. He is a son of James M. and Eliza E. (Mitchell) Campbell who are both natives of Illinois. He entered McKendree September, 1899 and graduated in June, 1904, receiving the degree of A. B. He then took a theolog- ical course in Garrett Biblical Institute from which he grad- uated in May, 1908, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. While in McKendree he was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was a member of the Rock River Conference of the M. E. Church and has held several pastorates there. He was a member of the Modern Woodmen of America. He was married July 21, 1908 to Miss Ethel Large of Longmont, Colorado, who was formerly a student in McKendree. They have a son, Wayne R. Campbell, born April 17, 191 1. Mr. Campbell died of the influenza in the great epidemic of 1917. PROF, EUGENE CORRIE Eugene Come was born in Lancaster, Illinois, March 10, 1883. He entered McKendree in 1900 and graduated in 1904, with the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Society. He represented McKendree in athletics as a member of the foot ball, track, and tennis teams. Since his graduation Mr. Corrie has had a varied experience. He was instructor in Bradley Polytechnic for three years. He has held a position with the National Biscuit Company, and for many years past has been instructor in Geology and Mathematics in the Bu tte, Montana High School. He has also had vacation employment in such enterprises as the Virginia State Geo ' logical Survey, and was Geologist for the Golden Surprise Mining Company. He has also done summer study in the University of Chicago and University of California. GILBERT R. FLINT Gilbert Roy Flint was born in Chester, Illinois, January 21, 1883. He entered McKendree in September, 1900 and Three Hundred and Eighty-O graduated in 1904, with the degree of A. B. He was a mem- ber of the Platonian Society to which his father had belonged before him. He was married June 34, 1908 to Margaret Stein. They have four children. Mr. Flint ' s occupation since his graduation has been characterized by great variety. He taught school; worked in the silver mines of Idaho; was chief clerk in one of the offices of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad; was car inspector for the same railroad; spent a few years in the insurance business in Murphysboro; and now is a travelling salesman with his residence at Fairfield, Illinois. EARL W. DONOHO Earl WiUoughby Donoho was born at Storm Lake, Iowa. Later his parents moved to Troy, Illinois, where his youth was spent and where his mother, then a widow lived while he was a student in McKendree. He entered college in September, 1900 and graduated in 1904, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He took a course in engineering at the University of Illinois, and received from that institution the degree B. S. in igo8- He is married and lives in Chicago, where he is city repre- sentative for the Hot Point Electric Heating Company. MRS. BLANCHE FOX WYNN Blanche Fox was born at Palestine, Illinois, February 23, 1883,. She entered the Music Department of McKendree College in 1902 and graduated in 1904, with the degree of Bachelor of Music. She was a member of the Clionian Liter- ary Society and a member of one of the Clio Quartettes. For some years after her graduation she made her home with her aunt, Mrs. Mary E. Woodworth, of Palestine and then she was married to Fred Wynn. Her home is still m Palestine. MRS. MAE HUSSONG RITCHER Mary Mae Hussong was born near Alhambra, Madison County, Illinois, February 29, 1880. She is the youngest daughter of George J. and Mary M. (Rosson) Hussong. She is one of a large family of children, several of whom were students in McKendree but no others received a degree- Her father died April 17, 1896. In 1897 the family moved to Lebanon, where Mae attended the Lebanon High School and graduated as valedictorian of the class of 1899. The same year she entered McKendree, and after completing the classical course, she received the degree of A. B. in 1904. She was an active member of the Clionian Literary Society. After leaving McKendree she engaged in the profession of teaching and taught continuously in various grades, in the schools of St. Clair County, for eight years. August 14, 1912, she was married to Prof. George C. Ritcher, instructor in Mathematics and Manual Training in the Alton High School. Their home at present is in Alton, Illinois. They have one son. Mrs. Ritcher has been a member of the Methodist Church since 1897, nd was for years a very successful Sunday School worker. PROF. E. LON MORGAN E. Lon Morgan was born at Bone Gap, Illinois, August 22, 1879. His parents were A. T. and Rosina (Smith) Mor- gan, both American. After completing the home schools and several terms at the collegiate institute at Albion, Illinois, he entered McKendree in the spring term of 1901. He grad- uated in 1904, receiving the degree of A. B. In 1912, he re- ceived the degree of A. M. from the University of Wiscon- sin after doing two years of graduate work in the department of Agricultural Economics. While in McKendree he was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. After his gradua- tion he was for four years secretary of the Y. M. C. A. of Ford County, lUinois. Then for two years he was State Department Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. for the State of Kansas. During the summer of 1912 he was employed as lecturer for the National Lincoln Chautauqua System. He delivered addresses at one hundred and twenty Chautauquas in seven different states. Two of his most popular lectures are Conservation of the People and the Rural Community and Conservation of the Soil and Corn Culture . In 191 j, he was elected to a position i n the State Agricultural College at Amherst, Massachusetts, in charge of the department of Applied Sociology. For several years he has held a similar position in the University of Missouri. He was married June 26, 1906 to Miss Mary F. Flint, also a graduate of McKendree. See class of 190J. ALEXANDER W. MORRISS, Jr. Alexander William Morriss, Jr., was born in the year 1885 in St. Louis, Missouri. He is of English descent, his father, Alex W. Morriss having been born in London, Eng- land, and his mother, Julia (Burton) Morriss, in Montreal, Canada. His parents moved to Lebanon when he was a small child and that place was his home until he had completed his education and gone into business. He entered McKendree in 1899 and graduated in 1904, with the degree of B. S. He then spent a year in Princeton University and received a degree from that i nstitution. While in McKendree he was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He is now a member of the firm known as the Morriss Realty Company, which is engaged in real estate and general construction business in Granite City, Illinois. He belongs to the Granite City Lodge of the B. P. O.E. He was married March 19, 191 J to Miss Sarah Brown of St. Louis. They have three children. Three Hundred and Eighty-Two frjvic KENDREE : : - . .,: MRS. FLORENCE REINHARDT NICHOLS Florence Remhardt was born at Lebanon, Illinois m 1885. She IS a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Reinhardt who have long been well-known citizens of Lebanon. She was educated in the public schools of Lebanon and in McKendree College. She graduated from the Music Department in 1904, receiving the degree of B. M. She then entered the Perry School of Oratory and Dramatic Art of St. Louis, from which she graduated in 1906. While m McKendree she was a mem- ber of the Clionian Literary Society. She was married April 22, 1909 to Dr. Claude Nichols, who was also for some years a student m McKendree. They now reside at El Paso, Illinois, where Dr. Nichols is practicing medicine. FLORENCE E. SCHMALE Florence Emilie Schmale was horn at Hamel, Illinios, March 3, 1885. She is a daughter of Rev. Ernst F. Schmale who was for many years pastor of the Evangelical Church at Trenton, Illinois. She graduated in 1904, with the first honors of her class. She was a member of Clio. After her graduation she studied music for three years and then after teaching several years in the high schools of Trenton and CoUinsville, she took a post-graduate course m Chicago Uni- versity. She has been for a number of years teacher of English in the East St. Louis High School. She spent the summer of 1927 travelling in Europe. MRS. FAITH WATTS HERSHEY Faith Watts was born m Lawrence County, Illinois, April II, 1885. She is the youngest daughter of David A. and Mary A. (Greer) Watts. Her father was a native of Illinois and her mother of Ohio. Having completed the course of the Lebanon High School, she entered the Music Department of McKen- dree and completed the course in 1904, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. She taught piano to private pupils in Lebanon and East St. Louis for several years. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and while in Lebanon was a leader in Epworth League work. In June 1909, she was married to Mr. Frank Hershey, who was also a student in McKendree for a time. They went to Miles City, Montana, where Mr. Hershey engaged in mercantile business. They still live in the far west. THE CLASS OF 1905 CHARLES C. BALDWIN Charles Claude Baldwin was born on a farm near Irving- ton, Illinois, September 5, 1880. His parents are Richard D. and Mary E. (Kerr) Baldwin, who are both Americans. He entered McKendree in September 1898 and graduated in 1905, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After graduation he spent a year in the west. He travelled as representative of an eastern publishing company, in Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and other western states. He was principal of the Irvington public schools for two years. He then engaged in various commercial enterprises for several years. He was for years manager of the Centralia Traction Company, of which he was one of the directors and secretary of the company. He resides in Nashville, Illinois. PROF. DAVID G. CALVERT David Greenlee Calvert was born June 10, 1880, near Newton, Illinois. He was a son of Rev. Greenlee Calvert of the Southern Illinois Conference. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1899 and graduated in June, 1905, with the degree of A. B. He was a member of Plato. The next year after his graduation he began teaching in high school and continued this line of work without a cessation until the time of his death, which occurred while he was still a young man in 1922. He was married February 25, 191 1 to Miss Pheonia Wilson of Thebes, Illinois, who was a teacher in the schools of Odin, Illinois when he was superintendent there. She with one son survives her husband. DORA D. DOUGHERTY See Mrs. W. C. Pfetfer, class of 1901. PROF. NEWTON E. ENSIGN Newton Edward Ensign was born at Altamont, Illinois, June 3, 1882. He is a son of F. D. and Jennie (Young) Ensign, both of whose ancesters were American as far back as known. He became a student in McKendree in September, 1901 and graduated in June, 1905, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. The same year of his graduation he was assigned to one of the Rhodes Scholarships in Oxford University by the Rhodes Scholar ' ship Committee for the state of Illinois. After spending the ensuing three years in Oxford University, he received the degree of B. A. in Mathematics from that institution in 1908. He then took a course in Civil Engineering in the University of Illinois and received the degree of B. S. from that univer ' sity in 191 1. He was Instructor in Mathematics in the Acad- emy of the University of Illinois 1909-1910, and Instructor in Theoretical and Applied Mathematics in the University from 1910 to the present time. He was married July 25-, 1908 at Oxford, England to Miss Flossie Bundy, who was his fellow student at McKendree. They have one son, Richard Bundy Ensign, born February 22, 191 1. ENOLA L. KEISLING, B. S. See Mrs. W. F. Thrall, class of 1901. Three Hundred and Eighty-Three MC KENDREE EDWARD D. KREHBIEL Edward David Krehbiel was born at Summerfield, Illinois, January 26, 1883. His parents were Rev. Jacob E. and Kathrine (Ruth) Krehbiel. They were both German. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1898 and graduated in June, 1905, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He was a leader in college circles, both literary and athletic. He won the Bryan Medal in 1902 and the Brown Oratorical prize in 1905. He was a star player in foot-ball, base-ball and tennis. From September, 1905 to 191 1, he was engaged in the real estate business in St. Louis, being connected with the John S. Blake and Brother Realty Company. At that time failing health made it necessary to seek a change of climate. He went to Reedley, Cahfornia, but the hoped for recovery was not destined to be reahzed. The disease, tuberculosis, made steady progress until his death, June 14, 191?,. He was a member of the Mennonite Church. LEWIS McDonald Lewis McDonald was born at Brownstown, Illinois, OctC ' ber 19, 1884. He entered McKendree in the fall of 1900 and graduated in the class of 1905, with the first honors of his class, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Society. He entered the Engineering School of the University of Illinois where he completed a course in Civil Engineering in 1908. For two years he taught in the Engineer- ing School of the University, and then secured a position in the Engineering Department of the Chicago Bridge and Iron Works. He is a member of the Bethany Union Church of Chicago. REV. HAROLD L. THRALL Harold Leonidas Thrall was born at Metropolis, Illinois, November ij, 1885. His parents were Rev. L. W. Thrall of the Southern Illinois Conference and Edith (Flint) Thrall, both of whom were natives of Illinois. Among their ances- tors were both Scotch and English. He entered McKendree College in the fall of 1899 and graduated in 1905, receiving the degree of A. B. After teaching a year he entered Garrett Biblical Institute. There he completed his theological course and received the degree of S. T. B. in 190Q. While he was in McKendree he was a member of the Philosophian Society. In 1907 he joined the Southern Illinois Conference and was received into full membership in 1909. He was pastor at Noble, Illinois for two years and in 191 1 he was transferred to the Illinois Conference and has since been pastor of various charges in that Conference. He was married May 9, 1911 to Miss Elizabeth Schreiher of Chicago. PROF, ALBERT E. STEVENSON Albert Eldon Stevenson was born at Brownstown, Illinois, October 29, 1876. He entered McKendree in 1900 and grad- uated in 1905, with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Society. In June, 1905 he was married to Miss Marcia Hanson, who was also for several years a student in McKendree. They have two children, Helen Maurine and Maurice H. Mr. Stevenson went west the following year and has been engaged in educational work in Colorado and Nebraska for many years. He has also been active in Y. M. C. A. and Boy Scout work. He is a member of the Methodist Church and of the Oddfellows Lodge. EDWARD WALLIS Edward Wallis was born at Olney, Illinois, August 4, 1881. His parents were Rev. William and Eva (Hain) Wallis. His father was a native of Ireland but brought up chiefly in Illinois and was for many years a member of the Southern Illinois Conference. Edward was the youngest of five chil- dren. After being educated in the public schools and the Olney High School, he entered McKendree and graduated m the class of 1905, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. Soon after graduation he began the study of dentistry and graduated from the College of Dentistry of Washington University, St. Louis, in 1908. He practiced his profession for some time in Centralia, and later at Monmouth, Illinois; but at last was compelled to give up all professional work on account of ill health. He lived for a time in San Antonio, Texas, and then in Los Angeles, California, where he, to some extent, recovered his health in the salubrious climate of that region. He has been practicing dentistry for some years in Chicago. More recently he has been working with his brother, Dr. Marshall Wallis, of Houston, Texas. THE CLASS OF 1906 MRS. GERTRUDE BEEDLE SNODGRASS Gertrude Beedle was born near O ' Fallon, Illinois, May 2j, 1887. Her parents are Walter and Cynthia (Begole) Beedle, both of English descent. She entered the Music Department of McKendree in 1904, and after completing the course, received the degree of Bachelor of Music in 1906. She is a member of the Baptist Church. She resided with her parents near O ' Fallon, Illinois, until her marriage to Mr. Snodgrass. They now live in Kansas City, Missouri. MRS. MYRTLE DUNCAN BLANCK Myrtle Idell Duncan was born at Odin, Illinois, October 27, 1884. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. J. S. Duncan, were natives of Illinois, but of Scotch-Irish descent. She came with Three Hundred and EightyF, MC KENDREE her parents to Leb;:ncn when only a small child and after passing through the Lebanon public schools she became a student m McKendree m September, igoo, and graduated in June, igc6, receiving the degree of B. S. One year of that period she was out of school. She was a member of the Clio- nian Literary Society. She was married November 24, 1906, to Dr. Walter H. Blanck of Lebanon, who was also a student in McKendree for several years. They have one son, Walter Duncan Blanck. Their heme is in Lebanon where Dr Blanck practices his profession of dentistry. Mrs. Blanck is a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church. She is also active in various lines of community work, such as the Woman ' s Club and the Red Cross. CHARLES E. COMBE Charles Emile Combe was born May 23, 1885 at High- land, Illinois. His father, Louis Combe, was of Swiss nation- ality; his mother, Marie E. Rogier, was French. After attend- ing the schools of his native place, he entered McKendree in September, 1901. After completing the classical course, he graduated in 1906. After leaving McKendree, he took a law course in the University of Michigan, receiving the degree LL. B., June 3,0, 1910. He then practiced law for a year at Des Moines, Iowa, and since that time at Harrisburg, Illinois. While in McKendree he was a Philo. He is also a member of the Masonic Fraternity, the Order of Elks, and the Modern Woodmen of America. ROBERT E. CHOISSER Robert Edmond Choisser was born at Harrisburg, Illinois in 1882. His father William V. Choisser, graduated from Mc- Kendree in the class of 1S74. Robert graduated from the high school in his home town and then entered McKendree m igo2. He graduated in the class of 1906, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philo Society. After his graduation he read law in his father ' s office for three years and was then admitted to the bar in 1909. Dur- ing the years since he has been practicing law in Harrisburg. PROF. NORMAN B. DEE Norman Bliss Dee was born at Kinmundy, Illinois, Decem- ber 19, 1886. His parents are Rev. James G. and Fanny (Norman) Dee. His father is a retired member of the South- ern Illinois Conference and lives at Lebanon. Mr. Dee grad- uated from McKendree in 1906 as valedictorian of his class, receiving the degree of A. B. He also received the same degree from Harvard in 1911, and A. M. from Washington Uni- versity in 1925. At McKendree he was a member of the Platonian Society. At Harvard he belonged to The Trident and Pi Eta, and was a member of the Harvard Glee Club. PROFESSOR DEE In igii he was appointed by the Foreign Missionary Board of the Methodist Church to teach English in the North American Academy at Monte Video, Uraguay, South America. In August of that year he was married to Miss Loubelle Jolly of Collinsville. Soon after the wedding they sailed for Monte Video, go ing by way of London. After tour years in the Missionary work. It was found that the climate did not agree with Mrs. Dee ' s health, so they de- cided to come back to the United States. Mr. Dee ' s experi- ence in South America was an excellent preparation for teaching the Spanish language, and he was employed for that work by the Central High School m St. Louis. He con- tinued in this position for ten years. For the last two years he has been Professor of Foreign Languages in Harris Teachers ' College in St. Louis. True to his training in the Methodist parsonage, he is active m the work of the church. He has for some years been superintendent of the Sunday School at Grace Church in St. Louis. He has a son, William Louis, and a daughter. Norma Belle. MRS, CELIA FARMER WEBER Celia Albm Farmer was born in St. Clair County, Illinois, March 10, 1883. She is the eldest daughter of Rev. Z. J. and Celia L. Farmer, who are both native Americans. She first became a student in McKendree m September, 1901 and graduated in June, 1906, receiving the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Music at the same time. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. After her gradua- tion she taught in the Collinsville high school for two years, and in the Township high school of Collinsville for one year. She was married at Collinsville, Illinois, March 23, 1910 to Dr. A. L. Weber. They went to Cucamonga, California, where Dr. Weber is still engaged in the practice of medicine. They are both Methodists. Mrs. Weber died a few years ago, leaving a son Paul Edward, who was born April 2, i9r3, HAROLD F. HECKER St. Louis has a number of successful business and pro- fessional men who were born and reared in St. Clair County. Harold Frederick Hecker, Attorney-at-Law, belongs to this group. He is a grandson of the well-known German patriot. Colonel Frederick Hecker, after whom the Hecker post of Three Hundred and E ghtyFive : S the G. A. R. at Belleville, was named. Ckslonel Meeker came to America after the failure of the revolutionary movement of 1848, and adopted the free America as his country. He settled near Summerfield and his home was noted far and near for its all-inclusive hospitality as hundreds of people of all classes came to pay their respects to this revolutionist and philosopher. Cblonel Hecker died March 24, 1881 and his funeral was said to be the largest ever held in St. Clair County, with delegations from a dozen different states. Arthur Hecker, a son of this patriot, who came to America with his father at the age of seven, married Maria Eisen- mayer, who was also a member of a prominent German- American family. Their daughter Estella became the wife of Albert Lincoln Berger, now of Kansas City. They became acquainted while both were students in McKendree. Harold Frederick, the son of Arthur Hecker, was born near Summeriield, December 19, 1886. After finishing the public schools he entered McKendree and became a member of Philo Society. He graduated in the class of 1906, receiving the degree of A. B. He then entered the Law School of the University of Chicago, and graduated from that institution in 1909 with the degree of J. D. Soon after that he began the practice of law in St. Louis and is now a member of the firm of Leahy, Saunders and Walther, of that city. He was married September 5, 19 14 to Miss Leona Sprake. They have four children. Mr. Hecker is a member of the Delta Chi Fraternity; of the St. Louis, the Missouri, and the Amer- ican Bar Associations; and of the City Club. He is also a member of the Board of Trus- H. F. HECKER tees of McKendree College. JOSEPHINE HUECKEL Josephine Hueckel was born September 19, 1887 at Casey, ville, Illinois. She entered McKendree in 1904 and graduated from the Music Department in 1906, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She was a member of Clio. Her home is still in Caseyville, tho she has been teaching music m her own community and also in East St. Louis through all the years since her graduation. She is a member of the Methodist Church and very active in the various lines of church work in her home town. MRS. GRACE ISDELL GARRETT Grace Isdell was born at Lawrenceburg, Indiana in the year 1886. Her father, L. S. Isdell was of Scotch descent, and her mother, Julia A. (Webster) Isdell, of French and German ancestry. Miss Isdell ' s youthful days were spent at Flora, Illinois where she graduated from the high school. Later she entered McKendree and after completing the required courses, received the degree of Bachelor of Music in 1906. She was married at Lebanon, Illinois, November 26, 1907 to Richard Lee Garrett. They made their home in the state of Texas where Mr. Garrett ' s business interests were located. They later moved to Chicago. JUDGE CHARLES H. MILLER Cha rles Herbert Miller was born at Cobden, lUinios, August 26, 1884. After graduating from the Cobden high school he entered McKendree College and after completing the classical course he graduated in the class of 1906, receiv- ing the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Society. He won the Brown Oratorical prize in 1906. After leaving McKendree, he took a law course at Harvard and then located in Benton, Illinois for the practice of law. He is married and has several children. He is now in his second term as circuit judge. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, a Mason and a Shriner. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of McKendree. It has fallen to him to pre- side over a number of important cases in the Illinois Courts, as the trial of several of the infamous Birger gangsters . In fact it became his duty to pronounce sentence upon the leader of the gang. EUGENE MILLER Eugene Miller carried a boy ' s name, but that was only because her fither had no son. She was born at Willard, Illinois, where her father was an influential citizen and pro- minent in church work. She was educated in the home schools, in Illinois Women ' s College at Jacksonville, and in McKendree. She devoted the most of her time to music while in McKendree and com- pleted the course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Music in 1906 and received her degree. However she did not long survive her graduation, as death claimed her about five years later. EDWIN E. STRALEY Edwin Everett Straley was a Fairfield boy. He enrolled in McKendree and joined the Platonian Society. He was a quiet studious lad who had perseverance rather than brilliancy. But in due time he reached the goal of graduation and re- ceived his degree of B. S. as a member of the class of 1906. Three Hundred and Eightv-S... MC KENDREE He entered upon a career m the educational tield and taught school in Clay City for some time but we have no informa- tion concerning him later than 191 2. JUDGE ELBERT H. GARY Elhert Henry Gary was born at Wheaton, Illinois, October 8, 1846. He was educated in the public schools, Wheaton College and Chicago University. He graduated from the Law Department of the Chicago University. He was ad- mitted to the bar in 1867. He received the degree of LL. D. from McKendree in 1906. He was Mayor of Wheaton two terms; County Judge of DuPage County two terms; prac, ticed law in Chicago twenty-five years; President of the Chicago Bar Association 1893,-1894; retired from law prac tice to become President of the Federal Steel Company m 1898; later he became Chairman of the Board of Directors of the United States Steel Corporation, which position he held until his death. He was Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Federal Trust and Savings Bank of Chicago; Director of several other banks in Chicago and New York; President of the Gary- Wheaton Bank of Wheaton. He was a Trustee of the Northwestern University; and built the Gary Memo- rial Church in memory of his parents who were pioneer members of the Wheaton Methodist Episcopal Church. He was married in 1869 to Miss Julia E. Graves of Aurora, who died in 1902. Judge Gary died in August 1927. THE CLASS OF 1907 LEONARD CARSON A son of McKendree , still young in years but whose influence has already been widely felt is Matthew Leonard Carson of Granite City, Illinois. However, he has largely abandoned the cognomen of the Publican Gospel writer and goes by the simple well balanced title of Leonard Carson. He was born at Mt. Erie, Illinois, October i, 1883 and edu- cated in the home schools and McKendree College, where he was graduated in the class of 1907, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of Philo while in McKendree and has never lost interest in the old society nor in his alma mater for he has for a number of years been a membzr of the Board of Trustees of McKendree and at present holds the office of Secretary of the Board. He was married June 12, 1913 to Miss Alice Seneff of Westerville, Ohio. They have three children, Mary Margaret, Richard Jennings, and Alma Katherine. Mr. Carson ' s business and professional career has been one of great variety. He was for three years a teacher in the High School at Mattoon, Illinois. He then entered the service of the government as post-master of his home town, but after two years he changed over to another line and LEONARD CARSON became cashier of the Mt. Erie bank. He then followed the banking business for a period of eight years, in Mt. Erie, Flora, and Granite City. After that he changed from banking to other lines of corporation work. He was for three years the assistant treasurer of the Howe Safety Appliance Com- pany of Granite City; and then became secretary-treasurer of the firm of Holsinger, Theis and Company, Inc. of Granite City, which does an extensive real estate and insurance busi- ness in that growing city. This position he still holds. Along with these important financial activities he has pursued a line of religious and civic endeavors which run parallel with the work out of which he makes his living. He has been four times secretary of the Laymen ' s Association of the Southern Illinois Conference. Of course, he would not have received this recognition from his associates had he not been an active worker in his own home church which is the Neidringhaus Memorial of Granite City. In 1927, he was a delegate to the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America held in New York City. In the same year he was president of the Illinois Council of ReHgious Education, formerly the Illinois State Sunday School Association, an honor that is rarely ever bestowed but once upon any individual. He is now First Vice-president of that body. He is also for the present year president of the Madison County Sunday School Associa- tion. He is vice-president of the Cahokia Mound Council of Boy Scouts, and a Trustee of the Neidringhaus Memorial Church. CLEON C. CARTER Cleon Churchill Carter was born at Hornsby, Illinois, November 19, 1884. He is a son of A. Stanley and Amanda (Churchill) Carter. He was educated in the public schools of his native place and in McKendree College, where he graduated in the class of 1907, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was employed for some time after his graduation in the state of New York, but for several years past he has been in Califor- nia, being located mostly in the vicinity of Los Angeles. He was married January 21, 1914 to Miss Edna Hazel Divilbiss. PROF. CHARLES H. ELLIOTT Charles Herbert Elliott was born at Normal, Illinois in 1877. He IS the only son of Prof. David S. Elliott who died Three Hundred and E.ghtv-Seve in 1912 and was of Scotch-Irish descent, and Emily A. Muil- berger, of French-German ancestry. After graduating at the Illinois State Normal University at Normal, Illinois, and teaching several years, he became a student in McKendree in February, 1906. He graduated in 1907, receiving the degree of B. S. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After doing graduate work in Columbia University of New York, he received the degree of A. M. from that institution. His occupation has been that of teaching. He was Student Assistant in Science in the Illinois State Normal University two years; principal of the Centralia city high school one year; Superintendent of Centralia Township High School five years; and for several years he was Director of the Training School of the Southern Illinois Normal Uni- versity. He was a member of the faculty of the State Normal School at Normal Illinois, during four summer sessions, and has been an Institute Instructor for six years. He is a member of the Methodist Church, a Knight Templar, and a Knight of Pythias. He was married in August, 1912 to Miss Helen Peters of Carbondale. WILLIAM R. FARMER, D. D. S. William Roy Farmer was born at Lebanon, Illinois, Janu- ary 29, 1885. He is a son of Rev. Zelah J. and Celia L. Farmer, who are both of American parentage. His father has for many years been a member of the Southern Illinois Con- ference. Mr. Farmer entered McKendree in the fall of 1902, and graduated in 1907 with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. After graduation he taught school for a period of five years. One year in the public schools of O ' Fallon, one year in the Grant School in St. Clair County, and three years principal of the Columbian School of Collinsville, Illinois. He is a member of the Metho- dist Church, and the Masonic Lodge. Mr. Farmer is at present practicing dentistry in a suburb of Los Angeles. MRS. HARRIET GARRIGUS FARTHING Harriet Helen Garrigus was born September 14, 1885 at Trenton, Illinois. She is the youngest daughter of Joseph and Mary E. Garrigus, who were both native Americans. After completing the public schools at Trenton, she entered Mc- Kendree in the flill of 1902. She graduated in the class of 1907 receiving the degree of B. S. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society. For three years she taught in the Trenton Public School. She is a member of the Presbyterian Church at Trenton, Illinois. In 191 2, she went to California and spent some months with her sister, Mrs. J. M. Fisher, at Mendocino. In 1914 she was married to W. D. P. Farthing of the class ot 1909. They have one daughter. They live at Signal Hill and Mr. Farthing practices law in East St. Louis. REV. PHILIP R. GLOTFELTY. D. D. Philip Rutherford Glotfelty was born at Elkville, Jackson County, Illinois, August 10, 1877. His parents were Henry and Eliza Ellen (North) Glotfelty. The father was of Penn- sylvania German stock; the mother of English descent. Her brother. Judge James M. North, was an alumnus of Mc ' Kendree. Philip entered McKendree in the fall of 1899 and graduated with the class of 1907, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. This period was not all spent in attendance at college, but having entered the Southern Illinois Confer- ence in 1901, he spent several years in the pastorate before he finished his college course. He was a member of the Pla- tonian Literary Society. He was married September 26, 1901 to Annie Laurie Burbank of Elkville, Illinois. Their four chil- dren are Henry Fitzgerald, Walden McKendree, Philip Rutherford, Jr., and Marjorie Ellen. During the years 1910 to 191 }, he was a student in Garrett Biblical Institute at Evanston, Illinois . He received the de- gree of B. D. in 191 5. During his attendance at Garrett he was pastor of Chandler Methodist Church in Chicago. For six years he was pastor at Herrin, Illinois during the period of the coal strike and the warfare between Ku Klux Klan and the infamous gangsters. McKendree gave him the degree of D D. during the Centennial year. REV. . ND MRS. P, R. GLOTFELTV CHESTER F. MILLER. D Litt. Chester Frederick Miller was horn July 14, 1886 at Van- dalia, Illinois. His father. Rev. Daniel R. Miller, was a mem- ber of the Southern Illinois Conference, but died when his son was only six years old. He entered McKendree in 1901 and graduated in the class of 1907, receiving the degree of A. B. and in 1909 A. M. He was a member of the Platonian Three Hundred and £ig)it -£iglil W m B : CHESTER MILLER summer-term instructor Society. In 1917 he received the degree of A. M. from Teachers ' College of Columbia University. He has been en- gaged continuously in educa- tional work for the last twenty years and the greater part of the time in administrative positions. He has been Superin- tendent of Schools at Tiskilwa. Polo, Normal and Galesburg- He has been in the last named position since 1922. July 1,1928 he will become Superintend- ent at Saginaw, Michigan. He at the Illinois State Normal University for several summers. He is a lecturer at Knox College and also at Lombard College. He is author of The March of Democracy and The Con- stitutional Gift Book ; and co-author of the Chadsey-Wem- berg-Miller History Series. He is inventor of the Miller- Turner Teacher ' s Portfolio, and co-author of the Miller- Turner series of class records. In addition to this he has written numerous articles for various educational periodicals. He belongs to Phi Kappa Phi and Pi Gamma Mu, Academy of Sciences, and the National Society for the Study of Edu- cation. He IS a member of the Illinois Pupils ' Reading Circle Board, and a former member of the Advisory Board of the Illinois Parent-Teachers Association. He is a Rotarian and a Shriner. He was married June 22, 1913 to Miss Florence Hedrick of Polo. They have two daughters, Florence Louise and Jeanne Elizabeth. REV. CLAIR W. MOORMAN Clair West Moorman was born at Ypsilanti, Michigan, January 17, 1881. His father, Enos West Moorman, was of Scotch-English descent, his mother, May Arabell (Alger) Moorman is of English and German ancestry. He entered McKendree in 1902 and graduated in 1907, receiving the degree of A. B. Mr. Moorman early felt the call to preach and was a student pastor a part of the time while taking his college course. After graduation he engaged in Evangelistic work for a time; then served as pastor at Hollis, Kansas, in the North-West Kansas Conference for two years. He then returned to Illinois and was appointed pastor of the Hamburg charge in the Alton District. He was married to Irene Mary Otwell of Plainview, Illi- nois, November 15, 1906, Dr. John F. Harmon performing the ceremony. They have four children; Vernon Percy, Alm i Mae, Wynant Clair and Ruth Irma. Some years ago he left the work of the pastorate to engage in Y. M. C. A. work. MRS. SUSIE SCHULZE DUNCAN Susie Schulze was born at OkawviUe, Illinois, August 11, 188 . She attended the schools ot her home town and then came to McKendree College where she took work in the Literary Department and specialized in music. She graduated from the Music Department in 1907, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. Befo re her graduation she was married to Rev. Charles M. Duncan, then a member of the Southern Illinois Conference, September 12, 1906. Later while her husband was attending Garrett Biblical Institute she also took work m that institution. She became a member of the Methodist Church m early life and has been her husband ' s active assistant in the work of the ministry. PROF. NEWTON N. STEVENSON Newton Newman Stevenson was born near Vandalia Illinois, September 23, 187S. He is a son of J. M. and Jane (Turner) Stevenson who are both native Americans. He en- tered McKendree in 1903 and graduated in 1907, with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He has been continuously engaged in educational work since his graduation. He was one year principal of the high school and one year superintendent of the city schools of Newton, Illinois; two years superintendent of the schools of Flora, Illinois; one year principal of the Township high school of Tiskilwa, Illinois; and later superintendent of the city schools of Bement, Illinois. He was married August 17. 1902 to Miss Sarah J. McConkey. They have two children, Wendell and Marjone. Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. For some years past he has been engaged in educational work m Colorado. DR. ARTHUR L. WEBER Arthur Leo Weber was born in St. Clair County, Illinois, April 14, 1883. He is a son of August J, and Elizabeth Weber who are of German nationality. After finishing the course at the Trenton high school, he entered McKendree in SepteiiT ber, 1903. He graduated in June, 1907, with the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He at once entered the Medical Department of the North- western University at Chicago and in 1910, received the degree of M. D. from that institution. Since that time he has been engaged in the pr xtice of medicine m Cucamonga, California. He was married March 23, 1910 to Miss Albin Farmer, a daughter of Rev. Z. J. Farmer of the Southern Illinois Conference. They have one son, Paul Edward, born April 2, 191 3. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Three Hundred and EtghtyH ' MC KENDREE ,.... ,.. MAUDE ALEXANDER Church and the Medical Fraternity Nu Sigma Nu. He also belongs to the Honorary Medical Fraternity, Alpha Omega Alpha. Mrs. Weber died a few years ago. THE CLASS OF 1908 MAUDE ALEXANDER Maude Alexander was born in Randolph Cbunty, Mis- souri, August 8, 1884. She received her elementary education m the public schools of Arkansas and Illinois. She entered McKendree in 1901 and after completing both the Academy and College courses she grad ' uated in 1908, receiving the degree of A. B. She was a Cho. She taught in the public schools of Illinois for a num- ber of years, but after her mother ' s death, she devoted herselfto the filial task of keep ing house for her father and taking care of her invalid sister. She was always an active church and Sunday School worker. She was a member of the Lebanon Baptist Church for twenty years, and is now a member of the First Baptist Church of Colorado Springs. She is a member of the Belle- ville Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. MRS. ADA BIGLER BIGGERSTAFF Ada Belle Bigler was born at Gypsum City, Kansas some ' time in the eighties, though her home has been at Amster- dam, Missouri for the most of her life. Her parents are Frank and Alice Bigler, the former of German and the latter of English ancestry. She entered McKendree in 1904 and graduated from the music department in 1908, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Music. She was a member of the Clion- ian Literary Society. She took post graduate work in music one year at the Missouri Wesleyan University and since then has been engaged continuously in teaching music. For some- time she taught that subject in Menins College at Menins, Missouri. She is a member of the Methodist Church and an active worker in the Epworth League and the general work of the Church. She also belongs to the Rebekahs and the Royal Neighbors. She was married July 30, 191 3 to T. A. Biggerstaff of Amsterdam, Missouri. They live in Mena, Arkansas. ROBERT B. CROIX Robert Benjamin Croix was born near Kaskaskia, Illinois, but in Monroe County, January 24, 1882. His flither was born in Germany, hut came to America in early Ufe and served in the Union Army during the Civil War. His mother was born in Monroe County, Illinois, her people having immigrated from Virginia in the early forties. He became a student in McKendree in September 1903 and graduated in June, 1908, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. He received the degree of A. M. from the University of Denver in 1910, and LL. B. from the same institution in 1912. While making his way through the law school, he paid a large part of his expenses by working in the law offices of Davis and Whitney in Denver. He was admitted to the bar and practiced law in Denver for a brief period. He was a member of the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church in Denver. His death occurred in 191 . REV. CHARLES M. DUNCAN Charles Morris Duncan was born in Crawford Co unty, Illinois, March 14, 1879. He is a son of John S. and Martha A. Duncan who are of Scotch ancestry. After an intense religious awakening, believing himself to be called to the work of the ministry, he entered McKendree in the fall of 1902. He graduated in 1908, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. Before his graduation, he had joined the Southern Illinois Confer- ence, and partly supported himself in college by serving as a student pastor. After finishing at McKendree he spent two years in Garrett Biblical Institute. He was then transferred to the Illinois Conference. He served on two districts and is now a member of Dr. Hancher ' s money raising team. He belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Modern Woodmen of America. He was married in 1900 and has one son, Paul. His wife died in 1903. In 1906 he was married to Miss Susie Schulze of Okawville, who graduated from the Music Department of McKendree in 1907. REV. JOHN F. GLOTFELTY John Franklin Glotfelty is a son of Henry and Ellen (North) Glotfelty. The father is of German and the mother of English descent. He entered McKendree as a student in the academic department in 1899, and after being out of school for several intervals of longer or shorter duration, he graduated in 1908, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Pla- tonian Literary Society. He joined the Southern Illinois Con- ference in September 1908 and was appointed pastor at Pocahontas. After one year in this charge and two at Ewing, Illinois, he became a student in Garrett Biblical Institute at Evanston, where he graduated in the class of 1914. While a Three Hundred and Timely flVlC KEND REE : .., .- student there he did supply work in several charges m the Rock River Conference and mission work in Chicago. He was also an officer in the Y. M. C. A. at Garrett. He did war work in France during the World War. He was transferred back to the Southern Illinois Conference in 1924. JAMES H. HEWITT James Herbert Hewitt was born at Summerfield, Illinois, December i j, 1888. He is the son of Dr. J. H. and Bertha (Widicus) Hewitt. His father practiced medicine for many years in Summerfield, and for several years before his death in Lebanon. James Herbert entered McKendree when quite young and graduated in 1908 when he was not yet twenty with the first honors of his class, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society. After finishing at McKendree he entered the Engineering Department of the University of Illinois, and in 191 2 received from that institution the degree of B. S. m Civil Engineering. After that he was employed as Civil Engineer m the depart- ment of bridges by the Missouri Pacific Railway for some time. For several years he has been doing a very successful contracting business, having his headquarters at Little Rock, Arkansas. He married Miss Carrie Brown of Lebanon. CLARA O. SCHMALE Clara Olivia Schmale was born at Hamel, Illinois, Decem- ber 12, 1887, and died in St. Louis, January 20, 191 3. She was the youngest daughter of Rev. Ernst F. and Catherine (Bohle) Schmale, who are both natives of Germany. Her father has for many years been pastor of the German Evan- gelical Church at Trenton, Illinois. After graduating at the Trenton High School, she entered McKendree in 1904 and graduated in 1908 as salutatorian of her class, receiving the degree of A. B. She was a member of the Clionian Literary Society and has served as president of that organization. Since graduation she has devoted herself to home duties so far as her health would permit. Never very strong physically, she did not fully recover from a surgical operation she under- went in the summer of 191 2. But after a temporary improve- ment she was obliged to return to the hospital in St. Louis where the grim reaper soon claimed her in his harvest. Her funeral was held from the Trenton Evangelical of which she was a member and her father was pastor. FRANK HADLEY Frank Hadley was born near Centralia, Illinois, June 30, 1882. His father, Seth S. Hadley, is a native of Ohio and a member of a large family of Quakers who can trace their lineage back to some of the early English colonists. He en- tered McKendree in the fall of 1900. By dropping out severa years to teach school he paid his way and eventually finished his college course in 1908, receiving the degree of A. B. He was a Philo. After leaving McKendree he spent two years in the Engineering School of the University of Illinois. In 1910 he secured a position with the Prairie Oil and Gas Com- pany of Independence, Kansas, as engineer. He worked for this company and the Prairie Pipe Line Company for six years. In this period he supervised the construction of a number of important pipe lines for the transportation of crude oil to the refining cen ' ters. In 1916 he became Chief Engineer for the Sinclair Pipe Line Company, with head- quarters at Tulsa, Oklahoma. He is still in this position. He was married August 14, 1918 to Miss Lena Leota Kidd of Corder, Missouri. They have two children, Eliza- beth Lee, and James FrankUn. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, having completed all the degrees, the York Rite, Hadley are both members of FRANK HADLEY and the Shrine. He and Mrs. the Methodist Church m Tulsa. REV. EDWIN O. SMITH Edwin Oscar Smith was born in Evanston, Illinois, though he grew to manhood chiefly in the city of St. Louis. He is the eldest son of Rev. R. T. Smith and Florence Amelia Thomp ' son. He was already well advanced in several lines of study when he came to McKendree. He completed the classical course and received the degree of A. B. in 1908, and A. M. in 1909. He was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He joined the St. Louis Conference but feeling that better fields of labor were open to him elsewhere he availed himself of the privilege of transfer. In 1910 he became pastor of the M. E. Church at Plamview, Minneso ta. The next year he was transferred to West Avenue Church, Lacrosse, Wiscon- sin. In September 191 2, he became pastor of the Methodist Church at Kiefer, Oklahoma, which is located m the centre of the greatest oil field in the world. He was married Septem ' ber 27, 1910 to Miss Verene Stephan of Plainview, Minne- sota. They have several children. He was pastor for a time at Marshall, Missouri, Price, Utah, and in several towns in California. Later he became a member of the faculty in a Three Hundred and Hmety-0 college in Pasadena, under control of the Church of the Nazarenes. He has since done graduate work in the Leland- Stanford University. REV. VAN B. SULLINS Van Buren SuUins was born at New Burnside, Johnson Cbunty, Illinois, February 22, 1875. His parents were Madi- son M. and Josephine SuUins, both of Scotch-Irish descent. He entered McKendree College in 1899 and graduated in June, 1908, with the degree of A. B. He was out of school several years of that period, and was in school two years at Valparaiso, Indiana. While m McKendree he was a member of the Platonian Literary Society. He was married November 8, 1905 to Miss Jennie LeGrand of Freeburg, Illinois, who was formerly a student in McKendree. They have three sons and one daughter. Mr. Sullins became a member of the Southern Illinois Conference while still a student in college and after serving in this field for a number of years was trans- ferred to the Central Illinois Conference. A few years ago he published a volume of poems entitled ' Echoes of Egypt . There is a copy in the College Library. OWEN WRIGHT Class of 99 GEORGE E. LEHMAN Class of ' S ; Three Hundred and K ' netyTwo MC KENDREE CHAPTER XXX. The Christian Associations ' HESE two organizations have worked together for more than a quarter of a century to promote the rehgious interests of the students m McKendree. But even before they existed, reUgious influences were not want- ing in the college. In the early days of McKendree ' s history the students were summoned by the bell that hung m the little belfry on the roof of the first college building, to six o ' clock prayers every morning; which of course in winter comes long before daylight. After that building was burned m i8 6, and the row of small buildings known as the College Commons had disappeared from the campus, there were no students living on the hill, and so the prayers before breakfast were abandoned. But down to about 1890, the daily chapel service was held before any classes, and generally not later than eight o ' clock. For many years, notably during the administra- tions of Dr. Allyn and Dr. Locke, Sunday afternoon lectures were given throughout the school year, for the special benefit of the students, tho they were open to the public if any others desired to attend. These were delivered in the college chapel by the President or some member of the faculty, or the pastor of the church, or by some outside speaker of distinction. Revival meetings were often held m the college and some- times an intensive religious campaign was carried on to secure the conversion of every student in the college who was not already a Christian. According to the traditions handed down by members of the faculty of those days there were times in more than one year when the very last student m the institution had yielded to the Christianizing influence that were so abundant on college hill. During the Eighties and the Nineties a prominent feature of the religious life of the institution was the College Prayer-meeting . This meeting was held every Tuesday even- ing throughout the school year and was a mighty influence for good in the lives of many of the students. They were usually held m one of the recitation rooms and were attended We give here a list of the lectures and the lecturers for the By President John W. Locke: Individual Responsibility. The Holy Scripture — Inspiration. Philosophy of Faith. This life an Earnest of Our Immortality. Relation of the Open Bible to Free Thought. Piety to God, the Guaranty of Success in Life. Christ — the Life. How We Conquer. By Professor O. V. Jones : Life an Ascent. Intellectual Culture. Heroic Women. ' Choosing a Profession. True Greatness of Character. Some Dangers of the Times. By Professor S. H. Deneen: Work as an Educator of Character. Head and Heart. Reaction against the English Puritans. Compensations. Castelar ' s Byron. By Rev. Benjamin F. Crary: The Mountains of Colorado. ;ollege year, 1876- 1877. By Professor W. F. Swahlen; Thought. Success in Life. Life and Character of Neander. The World within and its Discoverer. Our Centennial. What Shall We Read. By Professor E. E. Edwards: Ethics of Decorum. Friendship. Heart Culture. Christ in Literature. John Milton. The Contest in Servia. By Rev. John W. Phillips: The Sure Triumph of Christianity. By Rev. Lyman Marshall: Go Up Higher. By Major J. B. Merwin: What of It? By Rev. C. A. Van Anda: The Bible, the Basis of Civilization. By Rev. Benjamin St. James Fry : The Law of Man ' s Life in Relation to the Universe. Three Hundred and HmetyTh frjVlc KENDREE- rs : : .,... by anywhere from twenty to fifty students. The man chiefly responsible for this meeting during the ten years of his con- nection with the college was Dr. Albert G. Jepson, Professor of Mathematics. Occasionally a student was the leader of the meeting, but usually it was led by Dr. Jepson or Dr. Ferguson, or the President. Professor Jepson had served for years as a Methodist Class Leader, and Sunday School Super- intendent, and he loved to help young people who were in- quiring the way of the religious life. He often held private conferences with young men who were troubled about their religious experience, and none ever appealed to him for reli- gious advice without receiving real help. Dr. Ferguson, the Professor of Greek, was always at the meeting during the years of his connection with the college and was a great help to it. He often led the singing. There was never a musical instrument in the room for the meeting was held in a class room. Dr. Jepson never made any attempt to sing at all, but Dr. Ferguson, while not much of a singer from the professional standpoint, was acquainted with many familiar devotional songs and could usually start them at the proper pitch; so that he was very useful to this group of spontaneous worshippers. When he was to lead the meeting he would sometimes have neither Bible nor hymn book in the room, but when the time arrived would start a familiar song. After that without naming any individual he would ask some one to lead in prayer. There were plenty of volunteers. Then another song would be sung without any special selection, tho sometimes some one called for a favorite. After a little while spent in prayer and song he would call for testimonies. They usually came in quick succession interspersed with an occasional verse of song, until the hour had passed and then the meeting was promptly dismissed. Students, and some- times teachers, frequently told of their religious difficulties, and their success and failures in dealing with the snares and temptations of college life. There were boys and girls both in these meetings. Usually a group of thirty or forty live young Christians, some of whom were rather anxious to give ex- pression to their earnest desires and aspirations would bring about a real lively and interesting religious meeting. It may be that some of the boys came to the meetings only for the opportunity of taking the girls home, but it often happened that the boy who first came for other reasons, afterward came because he was interested in the meeting. Many a stu- dent testified that his religious awakening was due to the influence of the college prayer meeting. In the fall of 1897 there was talk of organizing a Young Men ' s Christian Association. A number of the Colleges of the state already had them and some members of the faculty thought that McKendree should get in line. Shortly after the Christmas holidays a meeting of the students and faculty was held, in which it was voted to organize the Y. M. C. A. and a committee, representing both faculty and students, was appointed to nominate officers. The first president was William E. Stilson, professor of Mathematics. He was a young unmarried man, not much older than some of the stu- dents, and had already had some experience with the College Y. M. C. A. For these reasons it was thought that he could more successfully pilot the new organization thru the first uncertain period until it was well established. The first stu- dent president was Duff Piercy who was elected the next year. Ever since that time its officers have been students, tho some of the faculty members have been active in the work and usually one or more men from the faculty have been designated as faculty advisers. After the first year the prac- tice was begun of sending delegates to the student conference at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. Our chapter never fails to have representatives there. It is really a great privilege to spend ten days on a trip to that famous summer resort and get the inspiration resulting from contact with some of the great leaders of young men such as Mott and Speer, and McDowell and others, and to be a part of that great gathering of several hundred earnest active young men, bent on having a good time both physically and spiritually. At least the greater part of these men are willing to avail themselves of the spiritual benefits of the conference; tho it must be admitted that some are more interested in the sports that occupy the afternoons at Geneva, such as baseball, swimming, boating, a chance to visit the great observatory, and the matchless fellowships that are always possible in a group of that kind even tho most of them have never seen each other before. However, there is a well-grounded sus- picion that even from McKendree some men have been sent as delegates who were not at all noted for their religious inclinations, but who were men of good ability and the idea was to give them a real religious inspiration and induce them to consecrate their superior ability to some field of service in the cause of Christianity. In those early years it was more common to choose upper classmen as delegates because of their greater capability, and then they usually had only a year or two to give back to the ho me organization the benefits of their Geneva experience. In iqoi the delegation to Lake Geneva included Cameron Harmon who was then a student in McKendree. The next year he insisted that some member of the faculty who would Three Hundred and {mety-Four c KENDREE s: g:: not be so likely to leave the college in a year or two, should be a member of McKendree ' s delegation. So Prof. W. C. Walton was one of the delegates that year, and several times since then faculty members have represented McKendree at Lake Geneva. In fact in the later years a considerable number of college professors are found mingling with the students at Geneva ' s great assembly. About a year later, or to be exact, February 3, 1899, the girls of McKendree were organized into a Y. W. C. A. There were only nine members in the original group and the first president was Miss Anna Love of Edwardsville. In fact, it was largely thru her influence that the organization was effected. In those days the proportion of girls at McKendree was very much smaller than at present. But the Y. W. soon caught up with the Y. M. in numbers, and occupied the field of religious work, perhaps more thoroughly than the men ' s organization did. During all the years they have sent their delegates to Lake Geneva, and have taken their full share of the religious activities and responsibilities of the college life. It has been the custom most of the time for the two organizations to have a joint meeting once a month, and sometimes oftener when a speaker of special interest could be secured. For many years the two societies have had their budget in common. A joint budgetary committee would esti ' mate the amount that should be appropriated for each line of work for the current year. Then some morning in chapel the cause would be presented by a member of the faculty or some student leader, and the subscriptions taken on the spot for several hundred dollars, or else a canvassing committee appointed to see every student and teacher and get their pledges in the next few days. McKendree has never been able to have a Y building, and the associations have never had very definite quarters which they could call their own. There was a time when a room in the lower story of the chapel was used for that pur- pose, and since in those years the girls met in the afternoon and the boys in the evening, the same room was sufficient for the needs of both, and both their charters hung on its walls. Chairs were purchased to furnish comfortable seating and both faculty and students joined their contributions for the purchase of an organ to be used in the meetings. While the room was not large, it was usually sufficient for the group who attended these meetings. In this room some very im- pressive meetings have been held and perhaps several revivals have had their origin. Also some important speakers have dehvered their messages to the small group who could assem ' ble in this small auditorium, such as returned missionaries like Isaac Taylor Headland, who once spoke there, and when leaders of their professions in the law, medicine, and minis- try, and perhaps other lines, have dehvered vocational ad- dresses to enable students to better decide the great question of the choice of a vocation. But as the years passed, in one of the periods of expansion that came to McKendree, it became necessary to use the room for other purposes. So in recent years the girls have held their meetings in Clio Hall. Since largely the same girls be- longed to Clio and the Y. W. C. A. it was an easy matter for the former to grant the use of the hall to the latter. In the very recent years the attendance of Y. W. has been larger in proportion to their numbers than that of the Y. M. In fact the attendance of the girls who live in Clark Hall is almost one hundred per cent. The boys have been permitted to hold their meetings in the chapel and when the room seems so much larger than the crowd that they seem lost in the greater space they change to the Bible room or the reception room of the boys ' dormitory. At the opening of school each year these two organiza- tions, through their committees, render much service to the new students, by meeting them as they arrive in Lebanon, showing them around the college, introducing them to their fellow students, assisting in the activities of freshman week, holding acquaintance socials and making themselves gener- ally useful in every possible way. It is generally recognized now that the social life of the college is as much a field for the properly directed activities of the Y organizations as is the rehgious life. In addition to what has already been set forth m this chapter, the religious influences of the college include a series of addresses or sermons each year by some recognized and outstanding preacher or religious leader, who conducts a systematic campaign for a week or more speaking twice each day in the chapel and holding personal conferences with the students in the meantime. By these, many students have been started in the religious life or had their hazy and unsatisfac- tory religious experience clarified and made a part of their natural and rational thinking and acting in the every day walks of life. Three Hundred and ?iinecyFivi CHAPTER XXXI. President John F. Harmon ' s Administration m ToHN Francis Harmon was elect- president at the session of the Board, June lo, 1908. He was then in the sixth year of a successful pastorate at First Church, East St. Louis, and it seemed appropriate for him to finish the year. He there- fore remained in East St. Louis until Con- ference time and closed up the year ' s work. Tho he made frequent trips to Lebanon dur ing the summer, conferring with the faculty and directing various activities in preparation for the opening of the new college year. Be- fore recording the story of his administration at McKendree, we will give a brief sketch of his hfe. He was born near Olney, May i, 185S. He was one of a large family of sturdy Puritan stock. He grew up on the farm in Clay County, and attended the district schools there. Later he was a student for several years at the Southern Illinois Normal at Carbondale and the Cen- tral Normal School at Danville, Indiana. He was admitted on trial into the Southern Illinois Conference in 1882 and received into full connection in 1884. He then spent four years in Garrett Biblical Institute at Evanston and graduated from that institution in 1888. He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from McKendree in 1900. He served pastorates at Metropolis, Mt. Carmel, Mt. Vernon, and East St. Louis, in each of which he had good success. He was markedly evangelistic in his church work, and was noted for his zeal in prohibition work. After serving seven years, 1908 to 191 5 as president of McKendree, he became president of the Kansas Wesleyan at Salina, Kansas, where he served three years. When he went to Kansas, he transferred his Conference membership to the Northwest Kansas Conference, of which he is still a member. He spent the years from 1918 to his re- tirement in 1927 in church efficiency work throughout several states in the west. He was constantly engaged in conducting revival meetings, dedicating churches, raising money for churches and colleges, and delivering numerous special ad- dresses of various kinds. He was a member of five general Conferences of the Methodist Church, and was a member of the Book Committee from 1904 to 1912. In September 1882 he was married to Mary C. Mervin of Louisville. Their two sons and four daughters ,ire all living except the oldest son. PRESIDENT JOHN HARMON Richard, who was killed by accident after he was twenty. His d.iughter Grace graduated from McKendree and spent several years as a missionary in Korea. Dr. Harmon now lives on his farm in Clay County, where he is enjoy- ing a well-earned rest from the nervous strain and worry of public life in which he served the church for more than forty years. Dur- ing the year 1927 he was called to the unus ual duty of conducting the funeral service of two of his brothers who had spent their lives in the home community and whose deaths occurred with only a short interval between. He performed these services at the special re- quest of the deceased. When he was placed in charge of McKendree College, he was fifty years old and in the prime of efficiency as a leader of men. He moved with his family into the former home of Uncle Ben Hypes, where he lived during the entire seven years of his term at McKendree. All his children were students at McKendree, tho only two received degrees. These were Grace and Marian. He found the college in the best condition that any presi- dent ever had in all its history. It had more than a hundred thousand dollars of productive endowment and sixty thou- sand more subscribed but conditioned on the completion of the second hundred thousand. The attendance of students was good and growing. He managed to keep it growing dur- ing the entire period of his presidency. But of course while conditions were good there was still much room for im- provement. In his first report to the Board after a year in the office, he enumerates some of the needs of the college, as dormitories, endowment, charges for preacher students, and some indus- trial enterprise, as a factory which would give employment to students who were trying to make their own way through college. The fiiculty associated with President Harmon at the beginning of his term were, William C. Walton, James C. Dolley, Edwin P. Baker, Edward B. Waggoner, Frank W. Cady, Thomas S. Hewerdine, and Bertram E. Wiggins. The Director of the Music Department was Professor Fred Pesold. Other members of the music faculty were Miss Otilla Pesold and Miss Cleda Lindly, teachers of Piano; Arnold Pesold, teacher of Violin; and Miss Jennie Blanck, teacher of Vocal Music. After a year Professor Cady went to the English Three Hundred and J inetyStx KE s: Department m Middlebury College, Vermont, which was his Alma Mater, and he was succeeded by Professor William F. Thrall. Also at the same time Professor Hewerdine went to a new position in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Robert A. Giles became Professor of Mathematics. Professor Pesold re- tired and Professor Frank M. Church became the head of the Music Department. At the same time Miss Amy Pink- erton became teacher of Voice, though she was succeeded after a year by Miss Latchipell Myrick. Miss Rhoda Brock- man became instructor m Expression. Her successor was Mrs. Morfyg F. Miller, who only staid one year and was suc- ceeded by Miss Marian McCray. In igii two new departments were established. Agricul- ture and Home Economics. In charge of the former was Prof. Frank C. Grannis, assisted later by Prof. George R. New. The Home Economics Department was placed under the direction of Miss Villa M. Sprague. A little later Miss Alexa C. Sligh became instructor in Violin and Miss Sarah C. Seabrook instructor in Art. Some years later Prof. George A. Crossthwait was in charge of the Agriculture work and Prof. New taught Chemistry and Physics. At the end of Dr. Harmon ' s term, Cyrus S. Gentry was Director of Athletics, tho Homer T. Osborn had occupied the position before him. Miss Edna McCay was teacher of Home Economics; Miss Frances Berry taught Expression; David Morris Hardy was instructor in Violin ; and Miss Anne E. Wilkinson was the Art teacher. Professor Milton S. Cush- man substituted a year for Professor Thrall while he was on leave of absence to do graduate work. The big thing in Dr. Harmon ' s administration was the erection of the dormitories and dining hall. These three build- ings, with their equipment cost the college a little more than a hundred thousand dollars, and their addition to the equip ment of the college wrought a great change in the institution Itself. Before that time none of the students had lived on the hill, but after that nearly all of them did. That greatly in- creased the problems of discipline and administration and made a great difference in the social life of the students. Of the money thus invested, sixty thousand dollars had been subscribed before Dr. Harmon took charge. To this was added ten thousand from Mr. P. M. Johnston, who had already subscribed an equal amount during Dr. Chamberlin ' s administration, and five hundred dollars from John A. Patten of Chattanooga, Tennessee. When the Southern Illinois Con- ference met in Centralia in September 1909, Dr. Harmon in- duced that body to subscribe thirty thousand dollars to complete the hundred thousand, and thus meet the condi- tions necessary to claim the contributions of the Clark Brothers of Philadelphia, Mr. Carnegie, and Dr. Pearsons. The Conference subscription was in the form of a note signed by the officers of the corporation and it was to be paid by the regular educational collections. Since it drew six per cent interest, it was as good as that much endowment. The Board met in special session and with careful deliberation, discussed the possibilities of one or more new buildings. The largest donors had expressed a willingness to have their money in- vested in new buildings instead of endowment if that were preferable to the authorities of the college. A building com- mittee was appointed, consisting of President Harmon, T. A. Wilson, Frank Condrey, J. B. Messick, and J. C. Eisen- mayer. Mr. W. C. Zimmerman, of Springfield, the state architect, was employed to draw the plans. The specifications were advertised and competitive bids received, and contract was finally let to the Simmons Construction Company of Chicago. The work was begun m the spring of 1910. It was supposed that the buildings could be finished and ready for use in the fall of that year. But the weather was not always favorable and labor was not abundant. A considerable por- tion of the unskilled work was done by McKendree students. Some of them quit and entered college as soon as the fall term opened and some kept on with part time work. James A. Landis had been an engineer before he came to college. He ran the hoisting engine for the construction company until late in the fall and had a book handy in order to utilize every minute in study when his duty as engineer did not require his whole attention. It took the greater part of the winter as as well as the summer to get the buildings ready for use. They were actually occupied by students first in the spring term 191 1. At first the rates charged students was seventy five cents a week for room and two dollars and a quarter for board, or three dollars a week for both room and board in buildings equipped with all modern conveniences and every thing new. The Girls ' Dormitory was named Clark Hall, the Boys ' , Carnegie Hall, and their common eating place was called Pearsons Hall, thus commemorating the names of the chief donors of the three buildings. Each dormitory has a capacity sufficient for housing seventy-two students, and the dining hall can accommodate as many as tables are provided for, up to three hundred. Carnegie Hall was fully occupied after the first year, but Clark Hall did not have its rooms all full until 1927. Of course some of the students always prefer to board out in town. Other important developments during Dr. Harmon ' s term were the Departments of Agriculture and Home Economics. g S£ These departments were both established about the same time, but neither of them proved to have permanent place in the college course. Professor Frank C. Grannis was employed by the Execu- tive Committee in the spring of 191 1 to take charge of the work in Agriculture which they were planning to establish. He was a graduate of the School of Agriculture of the Uni- versity of Illinois. Some equipment was secured during the summer and plans were made for beginning the work with the opening of the school year 1911-1912. A small tract of land, donated by Dr. B. M. Hypes, was used as an experiment field. Three horses were provided and a stable was rented near enough to the college for convenience. A wagon and some farming implements were also purchased with dona- tions made to the department by friends of the college. The total of the gifts for equipment amounted to one thousand, seven hundred and sixty dollars. This was all from Lebanon or St. Clair County, except five hundred dollars which was given by Governor Deneen. There were sixty-seven students enrolled in Agriculture that first year. An Agricultural Short Course was also given during the year, chiefly for the benefit of the farmers in the vicinity of Lebanon, or main ' ly those living close enough to Lebanon to attend to their home work and attend daily lectures at the same time. The course lasted ten days, and there were several lecturers from the State University. There were one hundred enrolled in the Short Course the first year, though some of them were regular students in the college. The Agriculture Course was designed to cover two years work which might be covered in a regular college course if the student should so elect. But if he wanted a full four-year course in Agriculture, it was necessary for him to transfer his credits to some University, where he could finish his course. In the nature of the case, a college like McKendree could not hope to maintain an agri- culture equipment equal to that of the tax-supported state university. So the time came when the students who really wanted agriculture would go to the university in the first place. The experimental work only lasted a few years. The student who started field or garden work in the spring would go home about the first of June and therefore could not com- plete his experiment. So the work became chiefly class room and theory work which any student might elect. In 1919, the Agriculture professor, H. Reese Brentzel, was offered a better salary in another institution and resigned. The college author- ities did not see fit to fill the vacancy, and so that was the end of the Agriculture Department. Its career covered a period of eight years, from 191 1 to 1919. About the same time the Agriculture department was initiated, an Agriculture Experiment Station was established at Lebanon. It was the result of an agreement between Mc- Kendree College and the University of IlHnois, to the effect that if McKendree would furnish a suitable field, the Uni- versity would maintain a regular agriculture experiment sta- tion similar to a number already established in various parts of the state. The college authorities negotiated the purchase of twenty acres of land, adjoining the city limits on the south, from Mr. C. J. Pfeffer for two thousand five hundred dollars. The money was furnished by Governor Deneen as a donation to the college. The land was deeded to the University of Illinois with the provision that if the University ever ceasei to use it for agriculture experiments, the title shall revert to McKendree College. Up to the present time the University has maintained platted experiment fields which are calculated to illustrate certain principles in scientific farming, and the farmers of the community may freely observe the results of these experi- ments. The Home Economics Department was inaugurated in the fall of 191 1 with Miss Villa M. Sprague as teacher. She was educated at the University of Illinois and was full of enthu- siasm for the new department. Attractive rooms were fitted up in the basement of the dining hall. There was a sewing room, a dining room, and a kitchen. The sewing room was equipped with built-in shelves and drawers, a good number of sewing machines, dress models, mirrors, and whatever else was necessary for the art of dressmaking. The dining room was nicely furnished with the usual furniture for that important part of a modern home. Many delightful dinners were served there to the faculty and other small groups of people, in order that the girls who were acquiring skill in the arts of serving might have opportunity for practice. The kitchen was equip- ped as a cooking laboratory with a separate gas stove for each girl and the various utensils needed in the development of this important science. Between the kitchen and dining room was the butler ' s pantry, which also served as a store- house for the jellies, jams, and canned goods which were pre duced as a result of the students exercise of these household arts. The Home Economics equipment was mostly secured by donation from many friends of the institution. The gifts re- corded in the minutes, given by twenty-six individuals or firms, amounted to one thousand, three hundred and sixty dollars. Of this one thousand dollars was in hundred dollar gifts. Among these good friends, special mention should be ;i828i iiNll928 Three Hundred and ? metv-£iglit ffMC KENDREE . s:s s:g :g made of Mr. and Mrs. T. A. Wilson, who were not only among the largest givers, but also used their influence to se- cure many other gifts, and served on the committee that purchased a large part of the equipment in St. Louis. Dr. Wilson was primarily responsible for the gas plant which gave the girls an opportunity to cook with gas which was a privilege enjoyed by nobody else in town. In fact, it was thought by some that the name Wilson should be placed on the front door of the department. The first year there were thirty-seven students enrolled in Home Economics, besides forty-three who took the short course which was given at the same time with the Short Course in Agriculture. Miss Sprague was also the advisor and leader of the Domestic Science Club , which was com- posed of a group of Lebanon house-keepers who held regular meetings and discussed many of the problems which came up in their home life. They were thus permitted to utilize the knowledge and training of the Home Economics teacher and have the advantage of the latest university research in this important field. In fact, it was a sort of continuation course of education in their own particular line, for these practical house-keepers. After two years of service Miss Sprague abandoned teach- ing for matrimony and became a home-maker for a teacher in one of our state institutions. She was succeeded by Miss Maude Willard who was in the position only one year until she became the wife of Professor Frank M. Church, head of McKendree ' s Music Department. The next teacher was Miss Edna McCay. She staid only one year and was succeeded by Miss Mabel R. Stiffey of Ohio. The next year the teacher in this department was Miss Mary Sumpter Garth, a southern lady. She was followed by Miss E. Grace Brown who staid a year and a half and married the Chemistry teacher, Pro ' fessor E. E. Holmes. She was succeeded by Miss Carrie Bell Robertson who finished out the year and served until the middle of the next year, when she had an opportunity to take charge of a tea room in a large western city and pre- ferred that work. That year was finished out by Mis s Margaret George who was elected for the ensuing year, but had an attractive offer in a southern school which she pre- ferred to accept. The next year the department was reorgan- ized and Miss Kathleen Taylor was placed in charge of the foods ' courses and served as dietitian for the dining hall, while Miss Esther Burnette had charge of the sewing and house courses. This was a nice arrangement for the teachers, but the number of students in the department would scarcely justify the employment of two teachers. So after two years. Miss Taylor was married and the work was readjusted so that Miss Burnette could handle all that was necessary. After another year she too forsook teaching for matrimony, and her successor was Miss Ruth Walton, a McKendree graduate, who had had two years experience teaching this same line in high school. She occupied the position two years and by that time, 1925, it became evident that the physical equip- ment of the department had not kept pace with the progress of the science for the last ten or fifteen years. In fact, m all these years very little had been added to the original equip- ment which was quite sufficient in 191 1, but not at all ade- quate in 1925. Some of the high schools had better facilities for teaching this work than McKendree. The tax-supported institutions could easily secure new equipment as it was needed, but with a church school, it was more difficult. But it was evident that the time had come when it was necessary to invest a considerable sum in a new outfit or abandon the department and let the girls who desired this particular training go to the state schools. As it was the tuition fees of the department did not even approximately provide for the salary of the teacher. So under the financial pressure of the college with insufficient endowment and with many pro- blems hard to solve, the authorities decided to abandon the department which thus came to the end of its career after fourteen years, from 1911 to 1925. Not all of the narrative just given of the departments of Agriculture and Home Economics belong to the administra- tion of President Harmon, but it seemed best to complete at least the outline of the story before leaving it. Another enterprise initiated by him was the College Press . There had long been a feeHng that the College should have a printing press. It had not owned one since the one it sold in 1852. A machine of that kind could be used not only for printing the college paper, but also for printing programs, cards, examination questions and various miscellaneous jobs which otherwise the college would hire done at considerable expen se or leave undone altogether. Dr. Harmon made a deal with Mrs. Sarah Watson of Mt. Vernon by which he pur- chased from her two used printing presses, with an outfit of type and tools, all of which was said by a disinterested printer to be worth not less than nine hundred dollars, yet he secured the complete outfit for four hundred dollars, which sum was to be paid in tuition fees for her grandchildren, two of whom were about ready to enter college at that time. By the terms of the agreement, if her grandchildren did not use all this amount in tuition the college was under no further obligation to pay the debt. As a matter of fact, only a portion of it was . .. c M KENDREE S; , so used. About this time the college had acquired the T. A. Wilson property which adjoined the campus and for several years served as a home for the Music department. In the rear of the brick residence was a frame building which served very nicely as a printing office and press room, and also as a book store. Here for several years the McKendree Headlight , the college paper of the time, was printed, and job work was done, both for the college and sometimes for some of the people in town. Mr. James E. Rymer was placed in charge of both, the press and the book store. He was a capable young man who had had experience as a practical printer and was anxious to get in touch with the college in the hope that he might be at least a part-time student in the college course. He did do some college work but never finished the course because the Press kept him too busy most of the time to think of doing anything else. Also occasionally one or two other students found part-time work in the printing office. In the book store, Mr. Rymer handled the text books for the college students, both new and second-hand, stationery sup- plies and even athletic goods. This was a very convenient arrangement while it lasted, but it was found that if the printer was to have a living out of his work, the college would have a deficit to make up, for the college paper with a small subscription list, a low price, and no advertisements, was not much of a money maker. After a few years the College Press was closed down and Mr. Rymer took over and edited the Lebanon Journal , which was the older of the two Lebanon papers at that time. Some months later the Lebanon Journal was destroyed by fire, building, equipment, files of the paper, and the entire plant. That was the finale of a historic paper. Another important enterprise m the H.irmon administra- tion was the raising of enough endowment to complete a total of $200,000. To do this, required $66,000. Dr. John W. Hancher of the Board of Education came to the assistance of the college and engineered the campaign. It was not a large sum compared with what he had raised at many other places, but the difficulty of the field made him feel that it was a seri- ous undertaking. He called in several educators and college men from various parts of the country to assist in the work. Among them were Dr. Carl M. Doney, then president of the West Virginia Wesleyan, and Dr. Alfred E. Craig, then pre- sident of Morningside College at Sioux City, Iowa. Some inspirational rallies were held and the canvass was made. The full quota of subscriptions was reached, tho some of it was subscribed in very small amounts which made it difficult and expensive to collect, but the full amount was raised and eventually collected. McKendree now had $200,000 of pro- ductive endowment. The most it had ever had. But even with this, the financial pressure was not relieved in the least, for the growth of the institution increased expenses faster than the new endowment increased income. Additional teachers were needed and salaries needed to be raised, so that it was just as much of a problem as ever to make ends meet. The material resources were increased considerably during Dr. Harmon ' s administration. Besides the increase in the en- dowment mentioned above, the buildings increased from four to eight and tho they were just doubled in number, they were more than doubled in value. The land holdings increas- ed by the addition of Hypes Field and the Swearingen forty acres in Crawford County. The attendance of students also made a substantial advance. The total unrepeated enrollment the year before he came was two hundred and twenty-six. The year he left it was exactly three hundred according to the record m the catalogues. Tho in some of his years, the en- rollment had been even higher. Dr. Harmon did not leave McKendree on account of any lack of success in the work or because the Board wanted him to leave, but because the door was open to what seemed to him to be a larger field of usefulness. The authorities of the Kansas Wesleyan felt that he was just the man their institution needed and they were so determined to have him that they offered him a salary just about double what he was receiving at McKendree. In addition to this inducement, they sent a committee who tried to convince him that it was his moral duty to leave McKendree, now well-established, and put this newer institution on her feet. He therefore closed his relations with McKendree with the end of the school year 1914-1011 and went to the Kansas Wesleyan. Beginning with the group that graduated during the presi- dency of Dr. John Harmon, we are no longer attempting to give biographical sketches, unless it may be of some who have paid for space in the book and have furnished the data for a sketch. But the earliest of these left McKendree less than twenty years ago and probably m.my of them have not yet reached the climax of their usefulness and it is therefore too soon to write their history. Therefore from this point on we will merely give a list of the names of each class with their occupation and post-office address where we have the information. THE CLASS OF UH19 Barco, Arthur Udell, A. B., Lawyer . Edwardsville Britton, William Everett, Law Teacher University of Illinois Brown, Joseph Charles, A. B., Pastor Springlield Carlin, Charles Russell, A. B., Pastor Quincy Collins, Dan D., A. B., Teacher Rapid City, N. D. Eaton, Charles Alexander, B. S., Lawyer, Long Beach, Cal. Faires, Leland Stanford, B. S., Veterinary St. Jacob Farthing, Nelle Minerva, B. S. (Mrs. Dr. Jones) E. St. Louis Farthing, William Dudley Paul, B. S., Lawyer E. St. Louis Farthing, Chester Harold, B. S., Lawyer E. St. Louis Hamilton, Albert WilHam, A. B., Pastor Freeport Sayre, Rollo Clifton, B. S., Educator Decatur Sayre, Eunice Randall, B. S., Auto Dealer Lebanon Shepard, McPherson, A. B., Farm Manager Crossville Shick, Vega Reverdy, A. B., Business Van Wert, Ohio Townsend, Russell Ernest, A. B., Lawyer Cobden THE CLASS OF 1910 Albin, Grover Cleveland, A. B., Pastor Nebraska Conference Birkhead, Leon Milton, A. B., Pastor Kansas City, Mo. Burgard, Edmund J., A. B., Business, Webster Groves, Mo. Cummins, Wesley Erett, A . B., Lawyer Cairo Eaton, William John, B. S., Educator Edwardsville Harmon, Grace Luella, B. S., (Mrs. McGary) St. Louis Horner, Helen Louise, B. Mus., Educator Deceased Hough, William A., B. S., Educator Belleville Jones, Rudolph Nathan, A. B., Pastor Carthage, Mo. Large, Aaron Buford, A. B., Educator Deceased Louden, Addie L., A. B., Educator E. St. Louis Massey, Kenneth Waldo, B. S., Business New York City Moore, Harold J., A. B., Salesman Houston, Texas Mueller, Arthur Henry, A. B., Physician Denver, Colo. Raglin, Nellie Ins, A. B., (Mrs. Wilton), Carmi Rees, Silas, A. B., Theological Teacher New York City Schmidt, H. Galen, B. S., Educator Belleville Sullivan, Charles Andrew, B. S., Pastor Dallas City, 111. Waggoner, Mabel Ella, A. B., (Mrs. R. C. Sayre) Decatur Walrath, Abbie J., A. B. (Mrs. Smith) Seattle, Wash. Warren, Fount Grover, A. B., Educator, Carbondale Wilton, St. John William, A. B., Educator Carmi, 111. THE CLASS OF 1911 Gentry, Cyrus Stokes. A. B., Lawyer Houston, Tex. Hall, Charles Wesley, A. B., Pastor ■ Kane, 111. LeCrone, George Montgomery, B. S., Business Effingham Markman, Frank Herman, A. B., Educator Jerseyville Ray, Julian David, A. B., Educator Mulberry Grove THE CLASS OF 191 ' J Benton, Thomas Harold, B. S., Educator Green Coves Springs, Fla. Brede, Elfrieda Marie, A. B., Educator CoUinsville Gates, Jennie Ophelia, A. B., Educator Alton Foulk, Madeleine, B. S., (Mrs. C. R. Yost) Lebanon Gauger, Marguerite Elston, B. S., Educator Berea, Ohio Johnson, Ellen Victoria, B. S., Educator Belvidere Karns, John Marshall, A. B., Lawyer E. St. Louis Loy, Alice Elisabeth, A. B., (Mrs. C. W. Howard) Afton, Iowa Otwell, Irma Day, A. B. (Mrs. Bulhngton) Deceased Rentfro, Joseph Logan, A. B., Pastor Cheney, Wash, Smith, Lewis Wilburn, A. B., Educator Joppa Weiss, Allen Samuel, A. B., Pastor Illinois Conference THE CLASS OF 1913 Condrey, Ralph Smith, A. B., Educator Mt. Carmel Crisp, Ernest Rayner, A. B., Educator St. Louis, Mo. Glenn, Daisy Leonora, A. B., (Mrs. C. H. Walrath) Seattle, Wash. Hill, Agnes, A. B., Educator (Mrs. E. P. Wilson) Florida Graham, William Moreland, B. S., Educator Greenville Howard, Clark Webster, A. B., Pastor Afton, Iowa Isaacs, Thomas Ralph, B. S., Farm Adviser Havana Markman, Bess, A. B., Educator Deceased Pesold, Gertrude, B. S., (Mrs. E. Reutner) St. Louis Myers, Richard Clyde, A. B., Pastor Chenoa Stokes, Claude Newton, A. B., Educator Minneapolis, Minn. Yost, Clark Roland, A. B., Pastor Lebanon THE CLASS OF 1914 Berry, Emma Alta, B. S., (Mrs. Ivan Moorman) Deceased Brewbaker, Charles Earl, A. B., Business Akron, Ohio Crump, Mabel Belle, B. S. (Mrs. Frank Stroud) E. St. Louis Deffenbaugh, Roy, B. S., Educator Springfield Eaton, Samuel West, A. B., Business Gary, Ind. Evers, William Clarence, A. B., Pastor Indiana Giles, Sara Verla, B. S., Wataga Hartman, Milton Miles, B. S., Dairyman Mounds Hogan, George W., B, S., Lawyer McLeansboro Moorman, Ivan Glen, A. B., Aviator Edwardsville Peters, Robert Millington, A. B., Pastor Delta, Colo. Rice, Ruby, B. S., Educator Harrisburg Wait, Bernice Cornelia, B. S., Educator Greenville Wiggins, Lelia Dukes, B. S., Educator Camden, N. J. THE CLASS OF 191.5 Ball, Mary Blanche, A. B., Educator (Mrs. Wm. Beedle) Monrovia, Calif. FfMC KENDREE . : : - . Brainard, Margaret, B. S., Educator Fresno, Calif. Bundy, Cecil George, A. B., Business Mt. Carmel Clapp, Eleanor Catherine, B. S., (Mrs. M. S. Cushman) Athens, W. Va. Dee, Nelle Lehman, B. S. (Mrs. Frank O. Kruh) St. Louis DoUey, Paul Turnley, B. S., Chemist Los Angeles Douthit, Noah, A. B., Pastor Ebbler, William Edward, A. B., Edu:ator West Frankfort Hardy, David Morris, A. B., Business St. Louis Horner, Benjamin Roland, A. B., Business Kansas Conf. San Juan, Porto Rico Johnson, Dorothea Pearl, A. B., Educator Belleville Kinison, John William Andrew, A. B., Educator Lebanon McCormack, Leo Glen, B. S., Educator Deceased McKnight, Harry Everett, A. B., Pastor Deceased Miller, Nora Marie, B. S., Educator Metropolis Moss, Norman McAnally, B. S., Pa; Petty, Bert M., A. B., Pastor Pfeffer, Louis Herman, B. S., Farmer Reisner, Earl Ephraim, A. B., Past-or Roberts, Frances Ella, A. B., Rogers, Bernard Adlai, A. B., Shields, Paul Austin, A. B., Pastor Stewart, Alice Victoria Smith, Charles, A. B. Stansfield, Frank Akin, B. S., Business Stice, Earl Franklin, B. S., Business Turner, Frank Clayton, A. B., Educator Van Dyke, Seth Howard, B. S., Educator Walrath, Arthur Miller, A. B., Dentist Irashurg, Vt. Mahomet Lebanon Arlington, Wash. ThompsonviUe Kansas Lamar, Colo. S., (Mrs. Jackson) Greenwood, S. C. Rock River Conf. Mt. Carmel St. Elmo Ridge Farm Flora Seattle, Wash Willi, Clayton August, B. S., Educator Torrington, Wyo. SSfe 1 1 y s SK .- ., : ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ■. ' : a 1 v--r— ' ninrii li . lilLi Tj ' ' ' • Four Hundred and Twv CHAPTER XXXII. Administration of Dr. Hurt and Dean Bdl{er 5. RESIDENT JoHN F. Harmon ' s transfer 1 to the Kansas Wesleyan in the spring of iQi ' i left McKendree again without a president. The Board, taken unawares, had not had opportunity to cast about in search of a suitable man before commencement. Pro- fessor J. C. DoUey had been serving as vice- president for several years, so they placed him in charge of the institution as acting president, until such time as a president could he found. On commencement day of that year, Dr. Harmon presided at the grad- uating exercises as usual, and after the degrees had been conferred, he made his farewell address and in the presence of the entire assembly turned the keys of the institution over to Acting-President Dolley. Professor DoUey looked after the interests of the col- lege during the summer. He held several meetings of the executive committee, saw that the vacancies in the faculty were filled, directed the campaign for new students and had things m readiness for the opening in September. In the meantime. Governor Deneen and some other members of the Board were on the look-out for a man for president. About the first of September, Dr. H. W. Hurt was suggested to him as a suitable man for the place. After a personal inter- view with him. Governor Deneen called the Board together in a special session September 15, for the purpose of consid- ering the candidacy of Dr. Hurt for president of McKendree. At the meeting, Dr. Hurt was present and freely expressed his views as to how a college should be conducted. After due deliberation the Board elected Dr. Hurt to the position at a salary of three thousand five hundred dollars, which was the largest salary ever granted to a president of McKendree up to that time. Dr. Hurt was still a young man, not quite thirty-two years of age. A brief sketch of him follows here- with. Huber William Hurt was born at Princeton, Missouri and educated in the public schools and the Iowa Wesleyan Uni- versity from which institution he graduated in 1Q04, receiv- ing the degree of A. B. He did graduate work in Chicago University and also spent a year at the Royal University of Berlin. Before taking up the work of the college presidency, he had spent several years as high school principal, first in Oskaloosa, Iowa, and then at Lockport, Illinois. In 191 2, he RESIDENT HIRT had received the honorary degree of LL. D. from his alma mater. During the years 1912- 191 5, he had been president of Lombard College at Galesburg, Illinois. So that he came to McKendree with some experience m solving such problems as he was about to face. He was a man of fine physique, well trained in body and mind, an ardent advocate of athletics, a good mixer, a ready and at tractive platform speaker, and reared as a Methodist. So that all in all he seemed pe- culiarly well fitted for the position he was to take at McKendree. Also Mrs. Hurt was a woman of fine appearance and good social qualities, an excellent vocalist and for years a teacher of voice. These two, with their two small daughters made a dehghtful family, not only suitable to occupy the home of the president of the college, but also a real addition to the social and literary circles of the city of Lebanon. Dr. Hurt immediately brought his family to Lebanon and took up his duties as president. He studied the situation and the history of the institution carefully during his first year and began to put his plans into effect the second. At the meeting ot the Board in 1916, Dr. O. H. Clark paid the new president a very high compliment by the statement, which found its way into the records of the Board, that he had been attending meetings of the Board for forty-four years and had never heard so com- plete and thorough a representation of the condition and needs of the college as was set forth in President Hurt ' s report, which was printed and a copy placed in the hands of every member of the Board. He enlarged the faculty, did expert advertising, and pre- pared for expansion along all lines. The list of the members of the faculty in the first catalogue published by President Hurt is as follows : James C. Dolley, Latin and Greek ; William Flint Thrall, English; Edwin P. Baker, German; William C. Walton, Philosophy and Education; George R. New, Chem- istry and Physics; Henry Reece Brentzell, Agriculture; Ar- thur E. Brooks, Mathematics; Marvin W. Kruger, Physical Director; Walter Hugh Whitlock, Bible; Edna G. Bacon, Dean of Women; Frank M. Church, Director of Music Department; Latchipell Myrick, Voice; Waclav F. Fransee, Violin; Mabel R. Stiffey, Home Economics; Helen Horner, Expression; Anne E. Wilkinson, Art. The faculty of the Four Hundred and Thri Academy for that year included the following: Edward B. Waggoner, Principal, History and Science; C. Grouse, Eng- lish and Pedagogy; Joel H. Swartz, Chemistry and Physics; J. W. A. Kinison, Latin; Alice E. Hitch, French and Mathe- matics. The next year the following new names are found in the faculty hst: James Rees Ewing, Social Science; Harold P. Kean, Mathematics; William Zinkeisen, Chemistry; N. L- T. Nelson, Biology; Horace Gunthorp, Biology; Mary S. Garth, Home Economics; Mary Funfar, Dean of Women and Home Economics; W. H. A. Moore, Director of Music; and Agnes Horton, Art. Some of these were in place of some who went to other positions and others were additions to the number of the faculty. In the Academy faculty we note the following new names: William York Critchley, English; W. C. Levan, Science; Cyrus Gentry, Latin and German; and Mrs. Clara Mason, Home Economics. People seemed to expect great things of Dr. Hurt ' s admin- istration. No one could say that he did not perform his duties well, both in the institution and in the wide field of the patronizing territory. He wrought with the hand of a master. He was a veritable bundle of energy and seemed abundantly able to endure the strongest strain that incessant travel and speech-making could place upon him. But notwithstanding the skillful advertising and the ener- getic field work, the attendance of students did not increase as rapidly as the president and his helpers had hoped it would. It was about this time that the Wesley Foundation was established at the University of Illinois. Its secretary was a member of the Southern Illinois Conference, and doubt- less some Methodists sent their sons to the University who otherwise would have sent them to McKendree. Doctor Hurt was a Methodist and educated at a Methodist college, yet for the three years preceding his coming to McKendree, he had been president of a college sponsored by the Uni- versalists. Very naturally rumors were afloat throughout the conference, that he was tinged with the doctrines of Uni- versalism. And for that reason some Methodists hesitated about sending their sons to McKendree. As a result of these various influences the increase of the student enrollment did not keep pace with the increase of the faculty and the ex- penses of the institution. So it became harder each year for the college to meet its financial obligations. Dr. Hurt ' s strong point as a college executive was standards . Previous to this time the standard by which the faculty members were measured was efficiency, rather than the degrees they held or the number of years of training. And students were granted degrees when they had earned enough credits with- out regard to the time it took to earn them. A considerable number of McKendree graduates went to the University of Illinois to do their graduate work. The authorities of the university, investigating their qualifications, found that many of our students earned their degrees in three years or a httle more. This led to the university requiring additional work of McKendree graduates before giving them full graduate standing. Dr. Hurt undertook the difficult task of reforming all these irregularities and bringing our standards into con- formity with the criterions of the university. This he did quite successfully; and when the time was ripe he invited an inspector from the University. A group of them came and looked over the institution very thoroughly, and gave us a rating of class B in the list of recognized colleges. This was quite satisfactory to McKendree since there were only a very few class A colleges in the state. This standardization was the great service which Dr. Hurt rendered to the college during his administration as president. He also made and published a survey of McKendree which was one of the most thorough and elaborate pieces of work in the field of statistics to be found anywhere. Dr. Hurt re- ceived many compliments ' upon his skill in preparing it and other college presidents asked for copies of it as a model of its kind. But its publication cost a large sum of money and there were other expenses whose total far exceeded the in - come of the college ; so that when the Board met in June, 1917 they were facing a big deficit, and it was felt by all the more conservative membe rs that there must be retrenchment of some kind. Dr. Hurt wanted to take a year off to do the additional school work required for him to secure the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. So after much conference it was de- cided to allow the president a year ' s leave of absence, though continuing as nominal president of the college he was with- out specific duty in relation to it, and without salary. At the same time Professor E. P. Baker was made Dean and Acting-president. Dean Baker immediately assumed the re- sponsibilities of the institution and continued in the position of acting-president until the election of Dr. McCammon in 1 91 9. One improvement should be mentioned which was made in the physical plane during Dr. Hurt ' s presidency. That is the enlargement of the science hall. Up to this time It had only one floor. By means of a piece of careful mechan- ical engineering, the roof was raised and the walls built up sufficiently to put in two additional floors and make it a three story building. This gave much more laboratory room. Foiij- Hundred iind Four frlVlc KENDREE :: : , .,.. The first floor is used for class lecture rooms, the second, for biology laboratory, and the third for chemical laboratory. It was about this tmie that an effort was made to secure, by legislative enactment, a dry zone about McKendree Col- lege. This was before the time of national prohibition and no one knew how near we were to it at that time. The Joint Board appointed a committee consisting of Dr. Hurt, Rev. W. H. Whitlock, and Rev. Cameron Harmon to secure the passage of a suitable bill by the Illinois Legislature. The bill was prepared and a petition asking for the passage of it, was circulated throughout the patronizing territory of McKen- dree, and many thousand signatures of voters were obtained. This was sent up to the Legislature with the bill. Dr. Hurt secured the services of Hon. Charles L. Wood, a member of the State Senate, to engineer the bill through that body. It successfully passed the Senate, but in the House the situation was different. No dry legislation whatever was permitted to pass the lower house of the legislature that year and so the Dry Zone bill was lost. At the meeting of the college Board in January, 1917, Dr. Hurt reported to that body that Mrs. Benson Wood of Effingham had promised a gift of $12,500 to build a library for McKendree in memory of her late husband. The Board approved the site which Dr. Hurt had selected for the proposed new building and appointed a building com- mittee to cause its erection. The committee was composed of the following members of the Board, Ira Blackstock, L. C. Haynes, L. C. Wilkm, Frank Condrey, and W. H. Whitlock. But because funds were not immediately available, nothing was done toward the building until later in the year. At the commencement exercises of 1917, after the degrees had been conferred upon the graduating class, Dr. Hurt in- troduced Professor E. P. Baker, who had been elected Dean and Acting-President, as the officer to whom had been in- trusted the responsibility of guiding the affairs of the college during his year ' s leave of absence. In a few well chosen words Dean Baker acknowledged the honor as well as the obligation which had been placed upon him, declared his loyalty to the institution and his purpose to carry on the work of the college, even in the face of the difficult conditions caused by the World War, and declared his willingness to be known m the years to come as the War Dean of McKendree. The year was one of peculiar difficulty. The college was cramped for means. It was difficult to raise money for any purpose, except war activities. Teachers could be obtained only at war time salaries, and McKendree had no means of increasing pay in proportion to the increase of living expenses. One teacher in the faculty at that time demanded and re- ceived the same salary as that paid to the acting president. Dean Baker secured the filling of the vacancies m the faculty before the opening of the new school year and as soon as the funds became available he began to push the building of the new library. The contract was let to Mr. Fred Ganschinietz of East St. Louis for $14,706 to be built according to the specifications drawn by Mr. Rinaker of Carlinville, Illinois. Although he is a professional architect, he did not charge the college for his services on condition that he be permitted to place in the building a memorial tablet in honor of his father, General John Irving Rinaker, who was a graduate of Mc- Kendree m the class of iS i. This tablet may be seen now just mside the front entrance of the building. The work of building was pushed as rapidly as the weather would permit during the winter and the structure was complete, ready for dedication at the commencement of 1918. On account of war conditions McKendree, like many other colleges, held her commencement a week earlier than it was advertised in the catalogue. The dedication of the library occurred the day before commencement, that is, June 5, at three o ' clock P. M. Rev. J. W. Webster was appointed to officiate because he was Mrs. Wood ' s pastor. Dr. C. B. Spencer, Editor of the Central Christian Advocate, also made an address. The state of Mrs. Wood ' s health did not permit her to be present. She gave $3,000 additional on the annuity plan to finish pay ing for the library. Mr. Ira Blackstock had also contributed $1,000 to help make up the deficit. The building is of smooth red brick, one story and base ment, with slate roof. It has a large well equipped reading room, besides the stack room on the main floor and abundance of storage room in the basement for less used books. The library is now catalogued and in charge of a competent libra ' rian and a sufficient number of assistants to keep it open for the use of students from 8 A. M. until 9. P. M. every day in the week. A library fee of two dollars a semester is charged each student and this furnishes approximately a thousand dollars a year for the upkeep of the library. For ninety years McKendree was handicapped by the lack of adequate library facilities, but now she is able to furnish her students a most excellent opportunity for research in the various fields of literature and science. S. A. T. C. In the fall of 1918 in order to have more soldiers in readiness if they should be needed in the near future, and yet not cut them off entirely from the opportunity of getting a college education, the government provided that the boys of eighteen, just out of high school, might Four Hundred and Five s go to college instead of to the training camp, wherever a unit of a hundred or more students in that class could be assembled. McKendree secured a unit of that kind. The organization was known as the Students Army Training Corps, and usually referred to as the S. A. T. C. Major Anderson of the United States Army was appointed to take charge of our S. A. T. C, with the assistance of two lieu- tenants. The course of study was in part prescribed by the government and courses were offered in certain departments of the college which were supposed to be useful to soldiers. Of course miHtary training was a large part of the work of these students. A rigid physical examination was given to each man. All but a very few passed this successfully, but those who did not were rejected from the training corps. They could either return home or enter college as an ordinary stu ' dent. The doors were removed from all the rooms in Carnegie Hall and the dormitory was made into a military barracks. The college campus became a parade ground and the soldier ' s uniform was in evidence in the college class room. The war seemed to be coming to our very doors. Even the members of the faculty felt that in some way they were doing war work, and endured the meatless and wheatless days with philosophic cheerfulness. Things were just getting adjusted and we were becoming accustomed to the military regime when the armistice was signed. The whole country except the profiteers, drew a long breath of relief and looked about to see what was the next thing. Without consulting the colleges the government suddenly decided to reduce expenses by ceasing to support the S. A. T. C. When the government pay checks ceased to come the most of the army training students took their departure. The classes which graduated during this administration follow, with the degree received, and where we could get the information, the occupation and residence of each. THE CLASS OF V.m Adams, Ethel Louise, A. B., (Mrs. Moss), Irasburg, Vt. Brown, Harry C, A. B., Pastor Belvidere Butts, Louis Andrew, B. S., Educator Belleville Carson, Paul Elbert, A. B., Pastor Champaign Doelling, George Louis, B. S., Chemist St. Louis Friedli, Ferdinand Jacob, B. S., Educator Belleville Greer, Velma Loy, B. S., Educator Ft. Smith, Ark. Hexter, Edward George, A. B., Educator Belleville Kessler, Henry Clay, B. S., Deceased Landis, James Arthur, A. B., Pastor, Rock River Conf Miller, Adell Erline, B. S., (Mrs. Saxon), Birmingham, Ala. Maxey, James Roy, A. B., Dentist Daton Rapid, Mich. McPherson, William Henry, A. B., Pastor Sparta Trueb, Charles, A. B., California Valentine, Roger Wendell, A. B , Educator Urbana Waggoner, Marian Eugene, A. C, Educator Kankakee Warren, John Albert Logan, A. B., Lisurance Rockford Wilder, Ethel May, A. B., (Mrs. Crabbe) E. St. Louis Wilkins, Ruth Elizabeth, A. B. (Mrs. Apple) Greeley, Colo. THE CLASS OF 1017 Campbell, John Wiley, A. B., Pastor Kansas Conf. Condrey, Hamlin Goggin, B. S., Agriculture Oblong Grouse, Eli, A. B., Pastor Rosewell, N. M. Greer, Garth OrviUe, A. B. Urbana Griffith, Isabelle Emily, A. B., (Mrs. Arthur Brooks) Hatten, Charles, A. B., Missionary Seward, Alaska Nave, Julian Walter, A. B., Missionary Budaon, India Parker, Theodore, B. S., Business Los Angeles, Cal. Winter, Louis Edward, A. B., Pastor Durand Witherspoon, Lura Jane, A. B. Danville Zimmerman, Arthur, A. B., Missionary Valparaiso, Chile THE CLASS OF 191.S Brent, Jewell Allen, A. B., Educator St. Charles, Mo. Borah, Marjorie, B. S., (Mrs. Billings) Maplewood, Mo. Fos, Reyburn Charles, A. B., Educator Shelbyville Gould, Howard Woodham, B. S., Educator De Kalb Mason, Clara Zerweck, B. S., Educator Lebanon Michels, Eva Mabel, A. B. Albion Waggoner, Morris Edward, Educator Geneva THE CLASS OF 1919 Chapman, David Elmer, A. B., Business Indianapolis, Ind. DoUey, James Clay, Jr., A. B., Educator Berkeley, Calif. Harper, Thomas Edward, B. S., Pastor St. Francisville Lippert, Ella, B. S., (Mrs. Victor Gould) Belleville Skelton, Neva, B. S., Physician Eldorado Spragg, Avis Blanche, A. B., Educator Wood River Vickrey, Aden Cobb, B. S., Physician St. Louis, Mo. Whittaker, Ethel Lucile, B. S., (Mrs. Urban Harris) Montgomery, Ind. Winter, Ray Ellsworth, B. S., Business Oblong Four Hundred and Six CHAPTER XXXIII. Athletics m McKendree IN THE EARLY DAYS of the school there was no organized form of athletics, and probably but little indulgence in physical sports of any kind. The majority of the stu- dents were from the farm where in most cases a good degree of physical development had already been attained by them- In those days going to college was such a serious business that many of the students would not think of spending their time in mere games, but felt that they must employ their time in the acquisition of mental equipment or in earning a meager livelihood while getting their education. An authority on history of education in the United States tells us that there was scarcely any organized athletics in the colleges until after the Civil War. But for years before that period out-door sports of various kinds were enjoyed by some of the students in McKendree, tho without the feature of intercollegiate competition, which is so important an element in modern college athletics. Captain Henry C. Fike, in an article written for the ■McKendree Pigskin , published in 1905, has given a good account of some of these early sports which we reproduce in abridged form. Among the games he described is shmney, the predecessor of the present popular game of golf. This game was played on the college campus by from twenty to forty students, at a time, who were divided into two teams, chosen b y two captains previously agreed upon. No special make or size of ball was prescribed. Though the kind most generally used was a small rubber ball on which had been wound the ravel- lings of some student ' s cast off woolen sock, and covered with leather from the lining of a discarded boot leg. This crudely constructed ball answered well the purpose and withstood many a vigorous blow from the contesting players. The shinney stick usually consisted of a hickory sprout about the size of an ordinary broom stick, procured from the nearby forest. It was bent to the proper curve at the larger end by heating or steaming it and then it could be given the desired shape. This implement answered the double purpose of driving the ball when opportunity was given, or parrying the blow of an adversary. The fence at the east boundary of the campus formed the east goal, and a line ranging w ith the east wall of Old Main was the west goal. At the com- mencement of a game the two captains took their stand at a point midway between these two goals. Facing each other, the one who had the ball would call out, High buck or low doe? If his opponent replied high buck the ball was tossed a few feet above their heads and the game was on. But if the reply was low doe , the ball was dropped between the two captains, but neither could strike it until after the ball had touched the ground. In the contest to drive the ball to oppos- ing goals, no one was allowed to sieze and throw it. It must be propelled only by the shinney stick. However, it was per- missible to intercept the flight of the ball by interposing one ' s body or the open hand. This game was played after class hours or on Saturday during the fall of the year, but the cold weather of winter closed the season, except when it was sometimes played on the ice with the players all on skates. Skating was never a very popular sport in those days on account of the fact that there were no convenient bodies of water of sufficient area to furnish a good ice field for skating. When the warm days of early spring began to appear and the boys felt that winter was gone, they would assemble for a consultation and perhaps a plan would be devised for the erection of a swing. A fund was contributed for the purchase of the necessary rope, iron rings and hooks, and soon a strong beam would be hoisted and made to span the space between two stately trees, perhaps forty feet from the ground. From this beam was suspended the rope swing. In the swing a notched board was placed on which two boys would stand. After receiving a starter they would work up until the pendulum with two venturesome fellows for a bob would reach almost a horizontal position. This was considered great fun, but one swing would not accommodate a large group of boys. Sometimes the use of the swing was varied by shorten- ing the rope somewhat and then using it for a jumping exer- cise. A boy would sieze the lower end of the rope, run as far as the length of the rope would permit, and then draw up his feet and swing back. With this momentum he would let go the rope and light on the ground as far out as the acquired momentum would carry him. This was an exercise in which many of the boys became proficient and it was very healthful as a lung and chest expander. Under the head of jumping there were several varieties practiced, such as the standing jump, the running long jump, the high jump, and the hop, skip and jump. Quite a number of the students were proficient in this exercise. Records of the best jumping were kept from year to year; and an epoch was reached when, at any time a new student would break Four Hundred and Seven the record made by some victor in the contest of the previous year. The record was usually preserved by driving a long iron pin in the ground, the jump having been made from some fixed base. The stone step at the south front entrance of the main college building, was the base from which many a student of that day made his spring and measured the length of his standing jump. Another spring game was town hall. This game was the predecessor of base ball. There were no town ball clubs and picked nines were unknown at that day. The game was played by two teams made up of an indefinite number of players chosen in the same manner as the shinney teams described above. The game was declared won by the side that made the greater number of runs in an even number of innings; and a side was not out until every member of that side was put out by the rules of the game, which provided for crossing out or catching out. When all of the side at the bat were out except one, the rules provided that if he could strike and make a home run that would restore to the bat one player on his side who had previously been declared out. The game was not very extensively played and was not as popular as shinney. As the warm weather came on and the college year was in its closing term the swimming holes furnished oppor- tunity for the delightful sport of swimming, diving, and slid- ing down the slick otter slides . The most popular resort for this purpose was the pool in Silver Creek, a half mile or more west of the college, known as the big hole . This was a place where a sharp curve in the stream had caused a widen- ing and deepening of the channel, and the water was fifteen or more feet in depth. To this spot in warm afternoons at the close of the daily school work, perhaps twenty to fifty of the students would repair, and swim and dive and duck one another to their hearts content. The diving was mostly from a spring board, or from a swaying willow tree which projected its body horizontally out over the water. To a limb of this tree, twenty or thirty feet from the surface of the water, was attached a long rope. The swimmer by taking hold of this rope while standing on the high bank and draw- ing up his feet, was projected out over the water; and when he reached the end of the arc described, by letting loose the rope, was plunged to the depths reached by McGinty in his deep sea bathing — he went to the bottom. In addition to the sports named above it might be men- tioned incidentally that there were several other games and amusements of minor importance entered into occasionally by the younger boys, such as leap frog, roly poly, marbles and mumble peg. But these were looked upon rather as side dishes to be indulged in only in warm weather and under the cool shade of the trees. The students in McKendree three quarters of a century ago were largely from the farm, the sturdy sons of rustic life, and they would naturally, if opportunity was afforded, enter heartily into the various forms of amusement enumerated above. It might be stated also that in some cases less rugged young men with muscles flabby from a life of ease, could later show a well developed chest, sinewy limbs, and robust phy- sique, all on account of these healthful games and sports. The above account gives some idea of the physical activi- ties of the students in the early fifties. Conditions were prob- ably not much different until after the Civil War. About that time sentiments began to take form in the minds of the students in favor of some sort of systematic physical training. They seemed to feel that there should be some sort of a gym- nasium building. They agitated the idea among themselves and finally took it to the Joint Board. At the meeting of the Board in 1867 there was a committee appointed to consider the matter of the Athleteon . This was the name the students proposed for the building they hoped to see erected. This committee, after considering the matter and conferring with a committee from the student body, presented the following report to the Board, which was promptly adopted.: Resolved by the Joint Board in session; First, that the statement and appeal of the president of the McKendree College Athleteon Association is received with especial pleasure, and that we heartily approve of the organization. Second, that this movement is unmistakable evidence that the present corps of students is unusually progressive in spirit and in the language of their appeal we hail with unmingled pleasure the spontaneous character of the enterprise and heartily appreciate their kind thoughtfulness touching the embarrassments of the college. Third, that this effort greatly increases our courage and faith to labor for the interests of McKen dree, and that we will render the young gentlemen of the association our indi- vidual assistance, to the extent of our abiUty. Fourth, that these resolutions be sent to the organization through their president. Immediately after this a committee was appointed from the Board to confer with the Athleteon Association con- cerning the building to be erected by them. However, this committee was carefully instructed to not involve the Board in any expense. After this the records of the Board show Four Hundred and Eight S s that every year for some time after, a committee on Athleteon was appointed with the regular standing committees of the Board. But there is no record to show what the committee did. However, we do know that in the years 1867 and 1868, the building was erected and that it was used for a time for athletic purposes. A student, Mr. Wm. F. Ratcliff, was em- ployed by the college as the teacher of physical training, though they did not give him that title. The Board did not give any assistance in the erection of the building, unless possibly some did as individuals. Tho it may be that the president of the college. Dr. Allyn, may have helped the students somewhat in the enterprise, for there is reference to certain claims which he had upon the building even after he had left McKendree. In 1879, a committee was appointed to examine the building and report as to whether it would be suitable for housing the commercial department. The com- mittee reported first that it was unable to gain access to the building, since none of the college authorities had a key to It, and it was kept locked. However, they later reported that it would be quite suitable for the purpose named, but that it was not available until certain financial claims could be released. These claims were somehow adjusted and the college took over the title to the building. It was used for a time for the Commercial Department. Later it was fitted up with school desks and used for a study hall until 1893, when it was parti- tioned off and transformed into a Science Hall. The students were without any athletic building from 187Q until 190J, when the Eisenmayer gymnasium was built. THE EISENMAYER GYMNASIUM IN 1903 This building was so named because Mr. Andrew Eisen- mayer of Trenton contributed the major portion of the money with which it was built. He was a native of Germany who came to America in an early day and by diligence in business and righteousness m life became one of the most highly respected citizens of his home town. His son, J. C. Eisenmayer was a student in McKendree and later was a trustee for many years. Also three of his grandsons have been students m McKendree. The building was originally of rectangular shape, forty by eighty feet. At first it was without a floor, except saw dust. Later a concrete floor was put in and tumblers, trapeze performers, etc., used rugs and mats for protection from the hard floor. Later when they began to play basket ball, the concrete was found to be dangerous, so a board floor was laid over the concrete. The floor afforded sufficient room for the games but there was not room enough for visitors. So during Dr. McCammon ' s administration a wing was built on the west side and provided with seats for spectators. This took care of the crowd for some years, but during Dr. Harmon ' s administration another wing was built on the other side and furnished with seats m amphitheatre style. The gymnasium will now seat as large a crowd as Lebanon can usually furnish to see a basket ball game. THE ATHLETEON AND GYMNASTIC ACTIVITIES We have been fortunate in securing from Mr. W. A, Kelsoe a record of some of his personal recollections of activi- ties connected with the Athleteon, which was McKendree ' s first gymnasium. Mr. Kelsoe ' s memory covers about half the entire history of McKendree and he has always been so in- tensely interested in every thing connected with his alma mater that he has been of immeasurable assistance in collecting the material for the Centennial History . The following is Mr. Kelsoe ' s accoant. The spring of 1867 was notable in McKendree History for the special attention given to physical culture. In outdoor sports, base ball took the place of foot ball, and the old time town ball. Indoor athletics recognized the need of a gymna- sium. President Allyn called a meeting of interested students in his recitation room, second floor of Old Main , southeast corner. After much deliberation, subscriptions were taken for the erection of a building and eventually something like $1,500 was subscribed. The name Athleteon was given to the proposed building, and Athleteon Association to the organization. Warren Truitt of the class of 1868 was chosen president; Professor F. O. Blair, vice-president; Professor S. H. Deneen, secretary; and President Allyn, treasurer. The four officers were made ex-officio members of the Board of Control, to which were added D. B. Parkinson, T. J. Judy, T. B. Stelle, and H. C. Fiske. The first three named were classmates of Mr. Truitt while the fourth was a member of the class of 1869. These men constituted the managing board Four Hundred and AJir . : s until the death, early in 1868, of Mr. Fiske, an exceptionally fine man. More funds were needed and if I am not mistaken. President Allyn advanced the amount necessary to complete the building. In the first issue of the McKendree Repository, December 19, 1867, I find a call for further funds, but that was before Dr. Allyn came to the aid of the association. President Truitt, of the association, will be remembered as the McKendrean who many years later was Judge of a Federal District that embraced all Alaska, and Mr. Parkin- son, his classmate, the second president of the Athleteon, as the successor of Dr. Allyn as president of the Southern Illi- nois Teachers College at Carbondale. Vice-president Blair ' s successor on the official staff was W. H. Tyner, a theological classmate of the four original members of the Athleteon Board. Stelle, who was to win honors, both at the bar and on the bench, retained his seat on the Athleteon Board, the other members being Prof. W. F. Swahlen an d two students, Hezekiah M. Short, who did not graduate until 1874, and Charles Cannady, my roommate then, for whom many years later the Charles Cannady School of East St. Louis was named. In the Repository of March 26, 1868 we read: The zeal of the students is a most hopeful indication. Out of their slender means they have built a handsome gymnasium . We began to use the apparatus as soon as it came and I can recall no formal opening or anything of that kind. Along the east side wall were racks for dumb bells, wands, and Indian clubs; and calisthenic drills were given late in the spring of 1868, at stated times during the day. There was no head teacher. Only leaders for the time chosen from the classes. Near the wall on the west side was a row of swinging rings hanging from the rafters, and at the southwest corner of the big room was the ever popular horizontal bar, or turning pole in ccmmon parlance. It was here that many of the students learned the various gyrations familiar to circus goers, including the giant swing backwards and forwards. The members of the third Athleteon board were new with the exception of the secre- tary and treasurer. The new president was S. P. Sparks, and the new vice-president was Oscar B. Griffen, both seniors then, though neither graduated until 1870, and the other members were C. W. Bliss and J. M. Hamill of the class of 1869, M. P. Wilkin and L. D. Turner of ' 70, and W. A. Kel- soe of ' 71, who later dropped back to ' 7a. An expert gymnast was needed. One who had proved himself to be an all-round athlete and also well fitted for teaching gymnastics generally, including calisthenics. President Allyn thought he had found just such a man in W. F. Ratcliff of Olney. Mr. Wilkin, also of Olney, and Rev. Thomas Houts, the Methodist pastor W. F. RATCLIFF McKendree ' s first directoi physical training (1868] there, had recommend- ed him, and so had D. H. and J. C. Delzell of the class of 7 1 . Mr. Rat- cliff ' s athletic training had been largely in his mother ' s back y.ird; though he had already been out on the road with a circus once or twice and had further aspirations in that di- rection; but he also de- sired to top off his Olney High School edu- cation with a course at McKendree College President Allyn took a likmg to the young man, just turned twenty, at their first meeting, and the liking was mutual. Terms were soon agreed upon. Our gymnasium teacher was to be enrolled in college as a student and was to live in Lebanon as a member of President Allyn ' s family, who were then occupying the palatial residence which was the former home of Governor French. From September 18, 1868 to June 2, 1869, Mr. Ratcliff shared a room in that home with Joseph G. Allyn, class of ' 70, son of the college president. He studied Latin under Professor Deneen, botany under Prof. Blair, and mathematics under Prof. Jones. I think Mr. Ratcliff has told me he was in a class under Dr. Allyn for one term, but I do not recall what the subject was. For his service as athletic director and janitor of the gymnasium, he was to receive $75 per month. But out of this he was to pay his tuition, board and room. I distinctly remember Mr. Ratcliff ' s first presentation to the students assembled in the gymnasium. He gave a splendid exhibition of his athletic skill as an all-round gymnast; includ- ing ground tumbling as an acrobat, difficult feats on the hori ' zontal and parallel bars, exercises with the wands, Indian clubs, dumb-bells and swinging rings, and several stunts that stamped him as an expert trapeze performer. I don ' t think we had a spring board then or climbing lad- ders and such things. The entire performance was fine and we all liked our teacher from the start. Here is a quotation from the McKendree Repository of October ji, 1868. The gymnasium, under the control of the gentlemanly conductor, Mr. Ratcliff, presents quite an interesting appearance. Every- Hundred and Ten thing IS in Its place — a decided improvement over last term when dumb-bells, clubs, wands, etc. lay strewn about the building. The addition of his single and double trapeze to the apparatus affords greater variety to the exercises, and this is highly appreciated by all the boys. They enter upon this new drill with a zest before unknown. That Mr. Ratcliff is an accomplished gymnast, they all agree. Two weeks later, November 14, the paper was pleased to say; It is wonderful how much proficiency some of the mem- bers have made in this term under the training of their in- structor, Mr. Ratcliff. The performance on the double trap- eze is especially interesting. It almost makes the hair stand on one ' s head to see the daring performance of some of the boys . Here is a quotation from the paper ' s report ot our first public exhibition, November 2-,: The members who performed were Krekel, Kelsoe, Allyn, Shepherd, Bernays, and Masters Willie Jones and Erwin Blair. The most daring feats were performed on the double trapeze, and Mr. Ratcliff ' s feats on the flying trapeze. Of the second exhibition the paper says: C. W. Bliss acted as ringmaster, and the performers were Messrs. Rat ' cliff, Krekel, Kelsoe, Cannady, Harrison, Sumner, Stewart, and Bernays. All displayed a limberness truly astonishing. There was no clovv n, which omission stripped it somewhat of the appearance of a regular circus. Mr. Ratcliff performed on the side trapeze and while it was swinging almost the entire length of the hall, he executed many diffi- cult and dangerous feats. The grand final drop by Ratcliff con- sisted of turning from the upper trapeze, more than twenty feet high, to the ground. The boys then did some lofty tumb- ling from the spring board. A few succeeded in coming down on the wrong end but no damage was done . The wind up reads: We doubt that any other college in the country can turn out an equal number of skilled gymnasts as McKendree. The trapeze partners billed for public exhibitions as the Krekelsoe Brothers , were of course, Alfred Krekel, then of Jefferson City, Missouri, and Kelsoe. Mr. Krekel is now living on a farm near Farmington, Missouri. After he left McKendree in the spring of 1869, Hugh Harrison of Belle- ville took Krekel ' s place with me on the double trapeze. My Repository report of our last exhibition that college year is missing, but we thought it the best of all, and so did the spectators. We had one accident then, the only mishap of the year, and I was responsible for it. Our teacher ' s final big trapeze feat was to swing from the top of a wooden tower and catch a flying trapeze, and while swinging on that, drop and light right side up on a straw mattress. After plac- ing the mattress, my partner and I neglected to smooth out the surface so as to leave no holes or dangerous lumps in it for the performer to light on. Mr. Ratcliff came down all right but one foot struck a bad place in the mattress and his ankle was badly sprained. However, with the lame leg he climbed the tower at the south end again and repeated the performance on the flying trapeze. This time the performance was entirely successful and won the vociferous applause of the spectators, but later he was laid up at his home in Olney for several weeks with that sprained ankle. He never re- turned to McKendree, at least not m the capacity of a teacher of athletics. Tho we have made several visits to the college together in late years as visitors and home comers . We missed Mr. Ratcliff very much the next ye.ir and many of the students lost about all their interest in the gym- nasium. A few of us gave an exhibition at the close of the college year. One ot the members of the graduating class was to write a report tor the Repository, but it was forgotten and we had to be content with a paragraph I wrote for the college paper, set up in the Journal printing office, and had it inserted in the last form that went to press, to the effect that the gym- nasium exhibition given by Messrs. John Hoit, Charley West, Hugh Harrison, and W. A. Kelsoe was a big success. The building continued to be used as a gymnasium for several years, but that was the last public exhibition given m It. Mr. West died m the summer of 187 1 at his home in Edwardsville. He was to graduate with me in 1872. Mr. Hoit, a resident of Lebanon, could not well attend college regularly and did not graduate until 1875. He then studied medicine, married, located in Kansas City, and had a large medical practice when death claimed him in 1892. Mr Harri- son, oldest brother of Charley and Lee Harrison, died a pros- perous business man in Los Angeles, California, a couple of years ago. Mr. William Fay Ratcliff, our athletic teacher, got his second name at McKendree College. He arrived at Lebanon September 18, 1868, as William F. Ratcliff. When he came to register. President Allyn asked him his middle name. He replied that he had never had any except the letter F. Well , said Dr. Allyn, then we ' ll give you one , and he wrote down the word Fay, and said. Now you are William Fay Ratcliff . And William Fay Ratcliff he has continued to be to this day. I have seen a good deal of Mr. Ratcliff during the last seven or eight years, and the more I see of him the better I like him. Here is what I wrote about the gentleman for the St. Louis Reference Record late in 1927. Four Hundred and Eleien cs S B SS. GIRLS ' BASKETBALL TEAM, 1903-04 Top row left to right — Mabel Duncan, Lulu Large, Dora Dougherty, Florence Reinhardt, Myrtle Duncan (Capt.), Lydia Malernee. One of the few octogenarians of St. Louis Typographical Union No. 8 is WiUiam F. RatcHff, born in Olney, lUinois, September 5, 1847. He learned the printing business in boy- hood and when a young man was the editor and publisher of the Olney News and also of ready made print news- papers (patent insides) for one hundr d and seven country editors, and kept it up for ten years. In 1877-78, Ratcliff worked for a printing house in Hannibal, Missouri, which had a large business in printing blank books for public offices and also for private use. It was in 1891 that he came to St. Louis and became a member of No. 8, thirty-six years ago. Mr. Ratcliff and I have been close friends for nearly sixty years. While learning the printing business he had also spent a good deal of his time in a gymnasium, and in 1868, he be- came a teacher of athletics in McKendree College, Lebanon, Illinois. It was from Professor Ratcliff that I learned to turn back somersaults, for which I am best remembered in Lebanon. Later he became a professional gymnast and travelled with S. B. Howe ' s London Circus and other shows for several years in the summer time, and performed in vaudeville shows throughout the country in the winter. My old teacher was a frequent visitor at the Deaconess Hospital, St. Louis, when I was a patient there in 1925, and has since spent a part of every Sunday afternoon with me. Mr. RatchfF ' s wife, formerly Miss Ruby M. Martin of Olney, Illinois, died a few years ago. Their only child. Dr. Ernest Ratcliff is a resident physician at the Lincoln, Illinois Institution for the Feeble Minded. Mr. Ratcliff is also a grandfather. BASEBALL IN McKENDREE There is a well-founded tradition that W. A. Kelsoe organ- ized the first baseball team that ever played in McKendree, during his student days in the sixties. Mr. Kelsoe gives some account of his experiences of that day in an article published in the Pigskin in 1905. We give here a condensation of that article. Kelsoe kept a diary in those days and by consulting it he found that the first base ball club in McKendree was organized April i, 1867. The club was composed mostly of Freshmen and it was called Mazeppa . The first game was played Saturday, April 6, 1867 on a vacant lot in the east end of town. Another game was played on the nth and a third on the 1 2th. The names mentioned as members of the organ- ization besides Kelsoe, are Frank Freeman, Joseph G. Allyn, Frank A. McConaughy, Eugene L. Stoker, James P. Lytle, Lyman T. Berger, George Lane, and Augustus C. Bernays. Mr. Freeman lived in St. Louis and had learned the game there. Since he had had more previous experience he was made president of the club and captain of the team, and pitcher. Joseph G. Allyn was the secretary. A little later, Thomas B. Stelle, class of ' 68, organized another club, known as the Olympics , and the club be- came so large the first day that a number of the members withdrew and formed a separate club who called themselves the Winonas . There were now three clubs and each had two full nines. It was considered an honor to be on the first nine of either club. The first nine of the Olympics were, T. B. Stelle, Elam Ramsay, F. A. Affleck, W. F. L. Hadley, J. H. Cockrell, J. M. North, C. W. Bliss, H. E. Hobbs, and O. B. GrifBn. The first nine of the Winonas were, R. D. Adams, J. H. Wilson, Henry Seiter, H. C. Fisk, Parmly, S. G. Bryan, S. M. Irwin, Charles Black and W. P. Bradshaw. Herbert E. Hobbs of St. Louis was the star player of the Olympics, while the honors among the Winonas were divided between Adams and Wilson. In club rank the Winonas stood first, defeating the Olympics several times. The latter won two games from the Stripplings as the Mazeppas were called, and these also suffered defeat at the hands of the Unions , a team from Four Hundred and Twelve MC KENDREE Centr.ilia. The Mazeppas, however, bided their time. The next fall the Olympics and Winonas united and formed the Wauneta club, but even then, were not strong enough for the Striphngs , now grown to manhood. After being defeated twice by the Mazeppas and once by the Athletics of Trenton, the Waunetas disbanded. The Striplings took them in, gave up the name Mazeppa and christened the re- organized club, McKendree . After that the college had but one base ball club, the honor of McKendree being de- fended by that club against all comers. One of the first vic- tories scored by the new organization was from the Eclipse of St. Louis, McKendree winning by a score of 79 to 3,4. The star players of McKendree at that time were E. B. Condit and William L. Hallam, who had both played with the Centralia Unions the year before, W. W. Mabry of Van- dalia, and J. W. Tipton of Elizabeth town, Tennessee. On November 4, 1871, McKendree defeated the Sooners of Carlyle by a score of no to 27. The winning team m that contest consisted of D. C. Kelly, W. H. Horine, J. W. Scott, J. W. Wilson, Frank Remick, T. J. Porter, Walter Watson, Z. T. Remick and W. A. Kelsoe. The last four named were seniors of the class of 1872. A few days before that, McKendree had been slaughtered by the Athletics of Trenton, with a score of 61 to 45. The Remick Brothers lived m Trenton and belonged to both teams, but they played with the Athletics when the college club opposed them. In that game W. L. Hallam was the catcher, and Hugh W. Harrison the pitcher. McKendree gen- erally won when they played against the O ' Fallon Comets . In one game with them the score was 53 to 42 and in another 44 to 14. Other prominent players besides these mentioned were, A. G. Gordon, J. H. Blume, J. C. Delzell, J. C. Edwards, J. A. Baird, C. A. Keller, J. A. Cockrell, George S. Liggett, Charles Morrison, James Gil- bert, J. W. Wilson, Ben Bond, Bruce In- man, O. M. Edwards, W. W. Bruce, W. S. Curtis, D. B. Parkinson, J. H. Brown- lee, G. W. Smith, L. D. Turner, Charles Cannady, J. M. Dickson and R. D. W. Holder. A little glimpse of base ball in 1901 , , , , . , Type of football unif shows that the game aroused interest but part of this not such absorbing interest as in the sixties, probably be- cause it was overshadowed by foot ball in the latter period. However, there was an organized team. They were defeated by Shurtleff in a close game with a score of 14 to 13. In the same season they defeated the East St. Louis High School twice. The first time by a score of 30 to o and in the second game the score was 8 to o, which at least showed that the defense was improving. The men who were given honorable mention in this season ' s games are August Beckemeyer and Gilbert Van Cleve. Since that time, base ball has not been maintained continuously, but in most of the years there has been a team organized m the Spring which has afforded excel- lent practice on the home field between the first and second teams, and usually a few intercollegiate games have been played, but it has not been a strong competitor of foot ball in the interest it arouses. FOOT BALL As early as r888 the McKendree boys played among them- selves a game they called foot ball. As many as desired parti- cipated in the game. The players were di- vided into two companies about equal. It was the aim of each group to force the ball to the opposite goal, but it was not done as in the modern football, for the ball was only propelled by kicking. It was not touched with hands. But the first real foot ball team m Mc- Kendree was organized in 1892 with Jean F. Webb as Captain. He graduated from McKendree three years before but still liv- ed in Lebanon and in those days the rules were not so strict as to who should be per- mitted to play. This first team was lined up as follows: Irish Wallace, center; John M. Hampton and John Galbreath, guards; R. H. Harding and R. V. Gustin, tackles; Ned Crosby and W. E. Trautman, ends; Scott Porter, quarter back ; Jean Webb and Orley Laird, halfbacks; and Walter Hard- ing, full back. This team played one game that year with Smith Academy and suffer- ed an overwhelming defeat. The score was 66 to o. This was due to the fact that St. Louis had several foot ball stars in those years who played with about all the lead- ing teams of the city. This was possible, worn in the early (Fred Hunter) because the rules of eligibility were neither Four Hundred and Thirteen McKENDREE-S FIRST FOOTBALL TEAM, 1892 Begin top row, left to right: Gustin, E. Pfeffer, Hampton, Crosby, Calbreath, D. Wallace, O. Wallace; second row, Trautminn, Webb, Edwards, W. Harding, R. Harding; bDttom row, P. Carter, S. Porter, Gideky, and Laird. SO definite nor so well enforced as in these days. In 1893, McKendree was defeated by Drury College 14 to o. In 1894, a return game was played with Smith Academy at Lebanon, in which McKendree won by a score of 22 to o. This shows that the McKendree team had been strengthened somewhat in the two years, but this line of sport was maintained with difficulty since there was no enclosed park and no admission fee could be charged, and therefore there was no fund with which to purchase equipment. Whatever funds were raised for the cause had to be by voluntary contributions of the students and the citizens of the town. The students had but little money and therefore could not give much. The mer- chants were as generous as could be expected, but the fund was very inadequate. In 1895, several new members were added to the team. William B. Eaton was Captain and among the players were W. H. Nix, J. F. Webb, Cameron Harmon, O. C. Dake and Irish Wallace. Two games were played that year, one with the Belleville Tigers, and the other with Blackburn. The former was a tie and the latter a victory for Blackburn with a score of 60 to o. A third was scheduled with the Rain- water Rifles of St. Louis. They brought with them two of the same old ringers or semi-professionals with whom Mc- Kendree had played in former years. Captain Eaton gave the Captain of the visiting team ten minutes to remove them. This he failed to do and several of the McKendree players went home and the game was called off. In 1896, no team was organized until November when Ed Gedney gathered to- gether a team to play against the Belleville Tigers on Thanksgiving Day. Cameron Harmon and Will McKnight, who were both teaching near Flora, left their schools and journeyed to Lebanon to participate. A hurried practice was held in Wallace ' s barn and the team started for Belleville in a pouring rain. McKendree lost, which was not strange under the circumstances. The next year the team consisted of Louis Zerweck, Walter Blanck, C. M. Wilton, O. W. Wilton, Austin Kirk, James Patterson, Russell Brown, Irish Wallace. R. V. Gustin, Omar Farris. and Charles Bevis. In 1899, Cameron Harmon returned to school and again joined the team. Internal difficulties came up which threat ' ened the total disruption of the team. Then, as Captain Harmon used to say. took place the historic and patriotic act by which W. L. Clucas mounted the chapel steps, and in the presence of fully four people, nominated, voted for, and de- clared Cameron Harmon elected foot ball Captain at Mc- Kendree and assumed the office of manager himself. Four Hundnd and Fouruen FOOTBALL TEAM OF 1SM6 Begin top row, left to right; N. B. Tha er Broun C Firthing A HubbOng U Burguard; second row, F. Nichols, Morrison, A. Kirk, J. Trahand, Patterson; bottom row, L. Zerweck, Blanck, Capt., Edmondson, and O. Wilton. Captain Harmon settled the ill feeling among the members of the old team, reorganized it, and won every game played during the remainder of the season. Captain Harmon was re-elected for the next year and W. L. Clucas was elected manager. When the fall term of 1900 opened, Captain Har- mon brought with him Marshall and Edward Wallis, Ralph Sabine, and Gilbert Van Cleve, who with Captain Harmon, Zerweck and Flint, made McKendree College prominent in football circles, for in their respective positions they had no superiors in and around St. Louis. Nap Bon Thayer an ex- Harvard man who lived in Lebanon, volunteered his services, as coach and the team made rapid progress. Then for the first time, McKendree ' s team was able to battle successfully with the teams of other large colleges. That year was the first that a full schedule was played. The Lebanon park was enclosed and the old method of raising money by subscription was abolished. During that season, McKendree played a tie game with Western Military Academy, defeated Barnes Medical 17 to o, St. Louis High 22 to 11, Southern Illinois Normal 25 to o, and was defeated by Christian Brothers College 17 to 5. For the season of 1901, Captain Harmon was again chosen leader, and W. L. Clucas manager, and an executive com- mittee was appointed, consisting of Professor Waggoner, Van Cleve and Clucas. This committee, together with Captain Harmon, worked diligently during the summer and when school opened in the fall, there were many candidates for each position and so each player won his position by superior work on the field. Out of the eight games played that season, only three were lost. McKendree scored 109 points against her opponents 58. From a financial standpoint, the year was a success. A complete outfit for the team, such as jerseys, head- gear, etc., was purchased and the season closed with $75.00 in the treasury. In 1902 the same plan was followed. Almost the entire team returned to school and the same officers were still in service. In that year McKendree had the best football season m her history up to that time. Several minor games were disposed of, and then came the great game with Marion- Simms-Beaumont College of St. Louis. Lebanon took on a real football spirit. The advance sale of tickets was larger than for any previous game. The executive committee prepared print- ed programs, containing a score or more of yells and songs. The students met each night at the college and practiced. Yell leaders were appointed. Megaphones, pennants, horns, and ribbons galore greeted the six hundred visitors who arrived on their special train, with a brass band and drum Four Hi.ndred and F. te FOOTBALL TEAM OF 1902 Begin top row, left to right: E. Donoho, Carson, L. Zerweck. M. Wallis, E. Corrie; second row, S. Gould, R. Flint, Harmon, Capt., E. Wallis, T. McBride, C. Baldwin; bottom row, R. Sabine, G. Van Cleve corps. A larger crowd was never seen on a McKendree grid- iron, and though the game was played evenly, McKendree lost by a small margin in the score, but the team had increased its bank account by $103.00. That day will be long remem- bered by those who witnessed the game. Later a most suc- cessful trip was made to the city of Olney, where they played a stiff and hard fought game. After it was over, the score was 1 1 to o in favor of McKendree. The team had to stay over to return the next morning. The city threw open her doors and entertained the McKendree boys right royally. The public reception that night was enjoyed by all. In 1903 McKendree was minus several of her old and tried warriors. Harmon, Van Cleve, Sabine and Zerweck had all finished their college course and gone. Yet a successful team was organized, and except the very first, with a St. Louis High School, they won the entire schedule. It was with especial satisfaction that they defeated Shurtleff by a score of 51 to 6. Coach Delaney of St. Louis University, in writing the history of foot ball in the middle west said that if Mc- Kendree had played a full schedule she would have been the champion of the middle west for the year 1903. McKendree has maintained a foot ball team ever since, except the years in which it was forbidden by action of the Board of Trustees. TENNIS A tennis court appeared on McKendree ' s campus as early as 1890. It was not prepared by the college, but by individual interest and effort with the permission of the college authori- ties. The first one was located near the present corner en- trance to the campus. Within the next two or three years, two more courts appeared near the first one. These were all supposed to be owned by the students who had prepared them. Only they or their friends were permitted to use them. It was more than a dozen years later that the college authori- ties decided that tennis courts in the front yard were not dignified and were somewhat of a disfigurement to the cam- pus and therefore ordered them all to the back campus. There are now three excellent courts just back of Carnegie Hall, which are for the general use of the students and in vacation time they are often used by persons who are not students, and this is approved by the authorities on the ground that the college is intended to be so far as possible the servant of the whole community. But in the years while the courts were still in the front, there were pleasant hours spent by the boys and girls of the college, playing purely for pleasure and pastime without the slightest idea of professionalism. In course of time, some few Four Hundred and Si :s: S McKENDREE SECOND TEAM, 1903 Begin top row, left to right: W. Burroughs L. Stark, N. Ensign, A. Vickery, R. Flint, H. Miller, V. Morriss, R. Munoz; cond row, H. Carlin, C. McKnight, Link, L. Perrin, Capt., P. Carr, R. Berry; bottom row, Porter C. Miller, L. McDonald individuals attained a degree of skill which inclined them to play match games and hold tournaments. In 1897, a series of games were played to determine a championship. Two young men of Edwardsville, Bradshaw and Kirkpatrick, claimed to be the champions of Southern lUinios. Some of the McKen- dree students were not convinced on this point, and in order to settle the matter it was arranged to play a series of match games. The boys representing McKendree were Samuel J. Clucas and Walter H. Blanck. The first match was played at Edwardsville and the McKendree boys won. The second was at McKendree and the Edwardsville boys won. The third game which was to determine the title to the championship was played at Edwardsville and was fairly and clearly won by the McKendree boys who thus proved their claim to the title of champions of Southern Illinois. They maintained this record for a number of years, playing all comers and suffering only one defeat. That was at the hands of Arthur Wear and Clarence Gamble of Smith Academy, which of course was outside of Southern Illinois. In 1900, S. J. Clucas won new laurels in East St. Louis by defeating in singles the best player that city could produce. In the Spring of 1901, the first Ten- nis Club was organized with a membership of fourteen. The officers of the club were. President, V. S. Morriss, vice- president, A. W. Morriss, Jr., secretary, treasurer and man- ager, J. Paul Edwards. The object of the club was to arouse interest in the game on the part of McKendree students and the citizens of Lebanon. With this thought in mind it was voted to hold a tennis tournament during the commencement week of that year. Two loving cups were offered by the club for the winners of the doubles, and Mrs. A. W. Morriss donated a third cup for the winner of the singles. After some very fast tennis m the preliminaries and semi-finals, E. W. Donoho and J. P. Edwards were left to battle against Marion Van Treese and A. W. Morriss, Jr., for the doubles cham ' pionship and the grand prize. Donoho and Edwards won. Then m the singles, Donoho won over A. W. Morriss, Jr. by a narrow margin. After the conclusion of the tournament Dr. M. H. Chamberlin, then president of the college, pre- sented the cups to the winners with suitable words of con- gratulation in the presence of a large crowd of spectators assembled about the tennis court. The next year the club increased its membership to sixteen members. The officers were the same, except that W. C. Pfeffer was chosen secretary and manager, instead of Edwards who was no longer a student in the college. Another tourna- ment was held m 1902 which aroused as much interest as did Four Hundred and Se : :e the one of the preceding year. In the finals of this contest. Van Tresse and A. W. Morriss, Jr. won over Donoho and Pfeffer. In the Spring of 1903, the membership of the club numbered twenty-five. A. W. Morriss, Jr. was elected presi- dent, Eugene Corrie, vice-president, and E. W. Donoho, secretary and manager. This year Morriss and Donoho were the undisputed champions, having no trouble to defeat all TENNIS CHAMPIONS, 1903 A. W. Morriss Jr., E. W. Donoho comers. So they were chosen to represent McKendree in several matches during the season. They defeated Reeder and Adams of East St. Louis High School in the doubles, and Morriss easily defeated Watson of East St. Louis in the singles. Morriss and Donoho also went to Carbondale and won first honors in a contest at the Southern Normal. The tennis club was still growing in 1904 when it had thirty members. When the courts were removed from the front campus, interest in the game waned for some years. Chiefly for the reason that there was no opportunity to play about the college. There were no courts on the campus until after the dormitories were built which was in 191 1. In recent years there have seldom been tournaments except at the Inter- scholastic or high school meet which comes to our campus every year. But in the Spring, as well as in the pleasant weather of the autumn, the students engage in tennis very freely as a means of wholesome exercise and pleasant pastime. ATHLETICS IN THE LAST DECADE By John W. Oster The past decade has been one of great athletic achievement for McKendree teams. In this period, wearers of the purple and white have won state championships in foot ball, basket ball, and tennis, while few poor seasons have been experi- enced. Foot ball has long been the major sport of the college. Old records fairly bristle with the feats of the pigskin war- riors. Proud as the institution is of the records made when Dr. Harmon was Cap , it has equal reason to be proud of those made in the last decade. Grid activities in 1918 were much abbreviated, due to the arrival of the flu epidemic. Professor C. N. Stokes of the mathematics department, who was also the coach, was looking for a good season, but most of the games had to be postponed. In only one contest did the bear cats put their full line up in the field. On this occasion Shurtleff was defeated 1 3, to 6. Due to the illness of the Coach, Fritz FriedH, an old McKendree star who was at that time just beginning the successful coaching in the Belleville High School which has since caused him to be recognized as one of the best coaches in Illinois, was secured as an assistant. After a poor start, eleven of the eighteen games were won and the team finished second in the state tournament. Two men, Jim Dolley, forward, and Fritz Wag- ener, guard, were selected as members of the first all-state team of the tournament. Spring athletics were very success- ful. The veteran base ball team was undefeated, while the cinder men were victorious in a dual meet, thus keeping the record intact of not losing a dual meet since 1916, when Washington University won, in spite of McKendree ' s taking seven of the thirteen first places. The foot ball season of 1919 was unsuccessful. After a close defeat by Illinois College, demoralization set in and the season was disastrous to the end. Continuing the success of the past season in basket ball, the Bear Cats made an enviable record in 1919-20. In playing twenty games, fifteen successful verdicts were gained over the best teams in Illinois and Missouri. The defeats suffered were by narrow margins, except the one at Charleston. Wagener, Weineke, Garrett, Collard, Sayre, and Canedy, formed the line up. The success of the cagers was continued in base ball and track. The track team was undefeated, while the diamond men won a majority of their games. A new coach, Shorty Lawrence, took charge of athletics the fol- lowing year. Lawrence accomplished little in foot ball in the Four Hundred and Eighteen MC KENDREE way of winning. The team did not win a game, hut they always went down fighting. They had the proverhi.il Mc- Kendree fight . In basket ball, the quintet that should h.ive been the fostest in McKendree ' s history, was hurt by the ineligibility of three of its best men. Only nine games were played. Of these, five were vict ories. The 1921 base ball team was a peppy aggregation and though bad weather abbre- viated the season, the games played resulted favorably. Two victories were gained over the Union Methodists of St. Louis, one from ShurtlefF, and one from Eden Seminary, while Western Military Academy proved too strong. Coach Hall, formerly of Earlham College, was secured m 1921. He re- ceived as a heritage the oft-trod-on gridders of the year be- fore. Believing that the team was capable of better things he set to work in earnest. His efforts were rewarded with a team that was undefeated during the season, and scored on but once, when Carbondale registered two points. This was one of McKendree ' s greatest championship teams. Six Mc- Kendreans, Carvel, Lizenby, Catt, Miller, Sayre, and Adams gained positions on the all-star team of Southern Illinois. Two others, Cralley and Maxey were on the second squad. In basket ball, they gained six victories in nine starts. The most impressive ones were a 14-9 win over Carbondale and a rough and tumble 41-13 verdict over Shurtleff. The base ball team lost all of its games except one. Enough batting punch was discovered in the last game to beat Shurtleff with a score of 4 to 3. Despite good offers from other schools, Coach Hall remained at McKendree another year. His team was hurt much by losses from graduation. Six games were played. Two fell in the winning column, two were tie games, and two fell on the wrong side. Three men, full back Ben Hall and tackles Cralley and Rhiel were on the Egyptian all ' star team. McKendree won the Egyptian basket ball cham- pionship in 1922-33, with a record of five victories in six starts. Four of seven non-conference games were also won. In the Spring of 1923 a new coach put in his appearance. Earl (Lefty) Davis. The following September Davis found a wealth of material with which to work. Letter men and high school stars were here in abundance. An expert in the hand- ling of men, and a master strategist, Davis soon made the Bear Cats much-feared opponents. Even tho he was develop- ing a new system, his eleven won four games, lost four and tied two. With a schedule that included St. Louis University, Illinois Wesleyan, Charleston and Concordia, the Davis-men had the stiffest schedule a bear cat team had ever played. St. Louis University was defeated once, and ten victories were gained in fifteen games. Spring Athletics were fairly success- ful. The track team won the three cornered Shurtleff, West ' ern Military, and McKendree meet, and gained a close second in the Washington U., RoUa, and McKendree meet. Ray Goode, javelin thrower, broke the state record with a 180 foot toss m that event. The Medley relay team did well in the Drake relays. Newcom and Hardy made a strong tennis combination. The following year the effectiveness of the Davis system was demonstrated. Victories were achieved in all sports. The climax of gridiron development was reached in 1924, when the purple and white won the Little NmC ' teen title with seven victories and one tie game. The team had weight, ability and teamwork. In points scored the Bear Cats made 252 and their opponents 49. Three non-conference tilts were played. Of these they won one, lost one and one was a tie. The teams defeated were Charleston, Blackburn, Lincoln, Carthage, Carbondale, Shurtleff, and Ewing. Scott Field and Illinois College tied the Bear Cats, while Rolla defeated them m a non-conference game at the opening of the season. Fullback Holsinger made the all-state team, and several others made the second and third teams. Filled with the spirit of winning, the Davis-men went onto the basket ball floor, led by the brilliant Newcom, one of the greatest cagers that ever stepped on a McKendree floor. The Bear Cats romped off with eight of ten conference starts, and four non-conference victories against one defeat. The track men, not to be out done by the other teams, won dual meets from Shurtleff and Ewing. Goode again broke the conference record in the javelin event, placed second at the Drake re- lays, and third at the national meet. The tennis team of Newcom and Allen easily won the doubles championship of the state. The only losing team of the year was the Nine which dropped games to Washington, Eden, Concordia, and Shurtleff, winning the final game from Ewing with a score of 28 to I. After this year. Coach Davis packed his belongings for Shreveport, Louisiana, where he coached the nationally famous Centenary College team. To take his place, Glen Filley of Cameron, Missouri was secured. Filley was an out ' standing player on the Missouri Wesleyan teams, captain of the foot ball, basket ball, and track teams. He had good success as a high school coach at Grand Island, Nebraska. In the short time he was there he developed the champion high school track team of the state. As he had played under Davis there were few innovations in methods under him as the new coach at McKendree. The first three games of the season were dropped to Knox, the Illinois state champions. Spring ' field (Mo.) and Rolla. The next five conference opponents were defeated, as was Scott Field. Cape Girardeau held the Four Hundred and . ineteen Bear Cats to a o-o score. This was an exceptionally good record, as the season started with only seven letter men. Sixteen opposing teams were met on the basket ball floor that season. Of these ten were defeated by the McKendree team. Half of the games played and half of the victories won were conference contests. A shooting slump while on a tour in the north part of the state resulted in three successive defeats, thus marring an otherwise good record. However the Southern Illinois title was won by virtue of dual victories over ShurtlefF and Carbondale. The tracksters did good work. At the A. A. U. Meet in St. Louis, the relay team defeated that of Washington University. The only defeat was a dual meet with Washington. Shurtleff and Millikin were defeated in dual meets while the fifth place was won at the state meet. For the third successive year, Ray Goode broke the state javelin record, with a toss of 192 feet and five and one half inches. Allen and Mowe won the third place in the doubles event at the State Tennis Meet, while Allen won third in the singles. Handicapped by a poor diamond and practice stopped by rain, the base ball team won but a single game in seven starts. The reason of 1926-27 was disastrous. Only five men answered the call for grid candidates. A good back field could not function because of a sieve-like line. Eight games were played with but one victory and one tie game resulting. Lincoln was defeated i j to o, and Carbondale was held to a scoreless game. Although a small team, the quintet played at lightning speed. With the season half over, but two games were won. Suddenly hitting its proper form in mid-season, the five defeated such formidable opponents as Carbondale, Springfield, Lincoln, Macomb, and Charleston. The track team had fair success. The relay event was again won at the A. A. U. Meet. Washington administered a severe drubbing in a dual meet, and then the first place was won by McKen. dree in a triangular meet with Shurtleff and Western Military Academy at Alton. Later she won second place in meets with Shurtleff, with Carbondale, and with Millikin. Also several places were won at the state meet. Although but four of eleven base ball games were won, the base ball team was suc- cessful, when we consider the handicaps. The athletic field was in process of improvement and so the team had no dia- mond on which to practice. But in spite of this, victories were gained over Western Military, Shurtleff, and Eden Seminary. Washington University was held to a 2 to i score, Concordia to a j-o verdict, Monmouth 3 to i, and Macomb 6 to 3. In the last mentioned game, two infielders were in- jured. In the tennis season, McKendree ' s squad twice de- feated the Shurtleff netsters. This closed the athletic activi- ties for the year. The records for the year 1927-2S will be found in the annual for 1928. THE INTERSCHOLASTIC Ever since the Spring of 1916, with the exception of 1918 when the United States was engaged in the World War, the Interscholastic or High School Meet has been one of the annual features of the activities on McKendree ' s campus. The affiiir attracts several hundred high school students, with a good many of their teachers, from thirty or forty high schools throughout Southern Illinois, and while interested spectators look on, they compete with much zeal and energy for the medals offered by the college for superiority in the various contests that are staged, both athletic and intellec- tual. The forenoon is devoted to preliminaries which elimi- nate from the contests all but the best; the afternoon is taken up with the athletic events, and the intellectual contests occur in the college chapel in the evening. Looking over one of the printed schedules, we enumerate the various contests mentioned there as an example of what the affair is like. The athletic events are: ist, 220 yard low hurdle race; 2nd, pole vault; 3rd, mile run; 4th, shot put; 5th, 100 yard dash; 6th, running high jump; 7th, 440 yard dash; 8th, running broad jump; 9th, 220 yard dash; 10th, throwing discus; nth, half mile run; 12th, running hop, step and jump; 13th, three mile race, across country; 14th, standing broad jump; 15th, mile relay race. Also in the fore- noon was the tennis tournament with thirteen high schools entered. In the evening there were the intellectual contests in music and expression. Medals were awarded in the follow- ing events. Girls ' solo, boys ' solo, girls ' quartette, boys ' quar- tette, girls ' reading, boys ' reading, boys ' oration. It is a difii- cult task for the judges but finally they reach their decisions, while the audience is entertained by some special perform- ances, and then the president of the college bestows the medals. Not only the winners of the intellectual events, a gold, silver, and bronze medal for the first, second, and third rank in each event, but also the winners of the medals in the athlet- ic events receive them from the chapel stage in the evening. It takes some time to confer the medals, for there are nearly a hundred of them some years, but it is always an interesting hour. Nobody gets sleepy while one after another is called forward in the presence of a large crowd of high school peo- ple and others, and publicly receives the testimonial of worthy achievement in some special line. It is doubtless a means of inspiring some to intenser efforts than they have Four Hundred and Twenty ever made before m some worthy field of endeavor. It is a long and tiresome as well as interesting day. Probably one of the great values of it is that it promotes acquaintance and friendly rivalry among the various schools, as well as a slight introduction to McKendree College. Even a little whiff of college atmosphere sometimes originates in the mind of a boy or girl a desire to some day become a college student and a college graduate. HYPES FIELD A sketch of athletics m McKendree would not be com- plete without some reference to the field which has been the scene of so many interesting conflicts for nearly twenty years. In 1909, Dr. Beniamin M. Hypes, desiring to promote a deeper interest m physical education gave the land for the Athletic Field which from that time has borne his name. It is conveniently located, just across the street from the gym- nasium and separated from the main college grounds onl y by Alton street. It contains five acres as originally in- closed for athletic purposes, with an additional area at the north which on account of a ravine could not be included in the field. The ground naturally sloped a little to the north. In fact it was too much of a grade to be ideal for some athletic purposes. Several attempts have been made to level it. One summer the college bought a tractor, a plow and a scraper and employed several students to work on the big problem. The result of this effort was some improvement but it was not sufficient and only made the boys feel the need of more per- fect adjustment along the same line. In the meantime an additional area about one hundred feet wide on the east was secured by purchase from Mrs. Mary C. Fitz-Gerrell, whose husband was a member of the class of 1862 in McKendree. It should be stated also that Doctor Hypes paid for this addi ' tion to the area. The board fence was extended to include it and then .i contract was let to a construction company to really grade the field. It took this company, with a large equipment such as they would employ in grading for a rail- road or paved highway, several weeks to do the job. It cost the college over $3,000 besides the many hundreds which had been invested in the previous efforts. In the early history of the field a grand stand had been built on the north end which would accommodate three or tour hundred people, but in the last grading, a part of the plan was to make a straight-away race course which ran right through the place where the grand stand stood. It was removed. Then in the summer of 1927, concrete bleachers were built along nearly the whole west side of the field, which will furnish seating for more than a thousand people and that is an adequate provision, unless in the coming years our crowds grow larger. With a well equipped gymnasium, a well improved athletic field, and a competent coach, McKendree is prepared to take care of the physical culture of her students if she has even a moderate degree of co-operation on the part of the students themselves. The list of athletic directors since there has been one who was a member of the faculty is as follows: Bertram E. Wiggins, Homer T. Osborn, Cyrus S. Gentry, Milton S. Cushman, Marvin W. Krieger, W. C. LeVan, Claude N. Stokes, Frank Lawrence, Orville Hall, Earl A. Davis, and Glen F. Filley. Four Hundred and Twenty-One CHAPTER XXXIV. Preside?!! McCammons Administration t. ' R. McCammon came to the presidency of McKendree JLf ' It a time when there was great emphasis placed upon standards among the colleges of the land. The college had been without a president for a year. The Board felt that they had waited long enough for the right man to come along and since he had not come, they decided to appoint a com- mittee to go out and find him. At a called meeting of the Board May i, 1919, the committee of five recommended the election of Rev. George Edward McCammon, D. D., who had already been a member of the Joint Board for many years, and was himself a graduate of McKendree in the class of 1894. A brief biography of him will be found in connection with the members of that class. At the time of his election he was Executive Secretary of the Wesley Foundation at the University of Illinois. But since the Centenary had taken over the remainder of the task of raising the money to estab- lish this enterprise on a safe financial basis, it was possible for him to lay down that task without feehng that he was neglecting duty. When elected he asked for a little time to consider whether he would accept the position or not. After due deliberation he decided to accept. When the Board came together again at their regular meeting in June, he asked them to confirm his election which had taken place a month before in the special meeting, which they did. At this time the Board decided to utilize the T A. Wilson home, which the college had acquired several years before, as a home for the president. It had been used before this to house a part of the music department, but was not specially well-adapted for this purpose. So during the summer of 1919 it was thoroughly overhauled and modernized. A new furnace and modern plumbing were installed, and the walls were redecorated. It was originally a well-built brick house and with these modern improvements installed it became a very desirable home and altogether appropriate for a college president. Dr. McCam- mon and his family took possession and here they had ade- quate accommodations for the family, as well as for enter- taining guests as occasion required. It was about this time that the college first acquired and maintained an automobile for the use of the president. As might be suspected, it was a Ford. It proved very useful even if not long-lived. In more recent years the idea has expanded and the college has owned and operated as many as seven at one time of Henry Ford ' s creations. They have proven very useful for the economic transportation of athletic teams, glee clubs, etc. Among the new faculty members who came to the institution during Dr. McCammon ' s term and in most cases through his influ- ence, were Prof. S. M. McClure, Chemistry, Prof Wallace B. Stearns, Religious Education, Miss Pearl McCoy, Biology, Miss Hazel E. Schoonmaker, Mathematics, Miss Margaret George, Home Economics, Prof. Thomas E. Wiggins, English, Prof. Charles J. Stowell, Mathematics, Prof. J. W. A. Kini- son, Bible, Prof. William C. Knapp, Biology, Miss Kathleen Taylor, Home Economics and Dietitian, Miss Esther B. Burnette, Home Economics (sewing). Miss Lillian Grace Cheeseman, Expression, OrviUe A. Hall, Athletic Coach, Harry E. Mueller, Violin, and Mrs. Effie Sheridan, Dean of Women. Of these only three are still here and seem to be permanent acquisitions. These are Prof. McClure, Prof. Sto- well and Prof. Kinison. One of the problems of this period was that of standard- ization as It had been in the former administration. Dr. Hurt had secured recognition and a favorable standing with the State University, and now came the question of our standing with the Methodist Board of Education. There was a feeling m many quarters that Methodism had too many colleges and there was a strong feeling in official circles of the church in favor of reducing the number by combination or elimination as might seem wise after a thorough survey of the educational institutions of the whole church. There was a feeling for a time that it would be McKendree ' s fate to be absorbed. There was talk of combining McKendree, Hedding, and Illinois Wesleyan into one institution located somewhere in the Illinois Conference. There were meetings of various com- missions held, at some of which McKendree ' s Board was represented. But finally, after a survey by a commission appointed by the Methodist Board of Education, consisting of Bishop Nicholson, Dr. John L. Seaton, and Dr. Harker, though the Bishop was not present, a recommendation was made by the Board of Education that McKendree remain at its present location as an independent institution, and the Board pledged themselves to use their influence for the main- tenance and development of McKendree to the extent that the circumstances permitted. This of course, gave new cour- age to the people who were carrying the burdens of Mc- Kendree. Another problem of this period was the water supply. When the dormitories were built in 1910-11, some hundreds of dollars were spent in the effort to provide a. suitable water Four Hundred and Ti g s supply, but tho a deep well was bored right near the build- ings, no adequate supply was found. And since there seemed no better plan that was feasible the diminutive lake on the north campus was allowed to stand as the source of water for the dormitories except for drinking, and for that purpose the old well of which Dr. Merrill sang in his poem was still suiEcient as it had been for three-quarters of a century. But in a long cold spell the pond was likely to run low and then freeze up, and in a long drought it might give out entirely. Both of these have actually happened. To remedy the latter case, a pipe line was laid to Silver Creek and with a steam pump, water was transferred from the creek to the pond and thus the dormitories were kept supplied. This process of fill- ing the pond was resorted to many times, but it was expen- sive and the quality of the water was not always satisfactory. In the summer when the Epworth Leaguers were here at the Institute, the water was stagnant and foul-smelling, and of course gave the college an unsavory reputation with some prospective students. In view of all these considerations Dr. McCammon brought the water problem to the attention of the Board. After much discussion and long deliberation, it was decided to employ a firm from Memphis, Tennessee, to provide a water supply by means of deep wells. Many weeks and much money were spent in the effort. A number of wells were bored in different places, and while each one afforded some water, not one would furnish an unfailing supply. After more than $3,500 had been sunk in the enterprise, we were still with out an adequate water supply. But the best well of the group was fitted with a pump and when it gave out, the pump would be switched to the pond. And sometimes it would draw from both at once and produce a mixture that sometimes deceived the students into thinking they had good water. As a matter of fact, the water problem was not really solved until 1927, when we were able to connect with the newly installed water system of the city of Lebanon, which thus far has proven sufEcient, tho the institution uses about 10,000 gallons a day. While the interest was strong m the water question, drinking fountains were installed in each dormitory, supplied from the old college well. But they soon got out of order and now are only ornamental instead of use- ful. Another change in the business administration about this time was the abandonment of the college light plant, which had been installed when the dormitories were built. The dynamos were sold and the college was connected with the lines of the Illinois Power and Light Company, which also furnishes current to light the city of Lebanon. But the big thing m Dr. McCammon ' s administration was the McKendree Movement . This is too big a thing to describe in detail here but we will attempt to give the out- line of the story of the greatest effort yet made to provide a really adequate endowment for McKendree. The plan was agitated and discussed for many months before hand, and was finally approved by the Joint Board and the Conference. A campaign was put on to raise $1,500,000 for endowment, equipment, improvements, betterments, maintenance, and current expenses, including the expense of carrying on the campaign. Dr. John W. Hancher, who at that time held the official title of Councillor in Finance, was employed to direct the campaign and of course he used his corps of expert work- ers, who had long experience m this line of work. Besides these experts, a large force of preachers and other canvassers from various parts of the country were summoned and even some of the college faculty were put on the job at certain times. The plan involved much preliminary publicity work. A booster meeting was held, August 2, 1921, in the col- lege chapel at which there were approximately four hundred laymen present and ninety members of the Southern Illinois Conference. Speeches were made by Governor Deneen and Bishop Quayle, and others. Both laymen and ministers vot- ing separately, pledged their approval and support to the undertaking. Soon after that Dr. Hanchers men came and began gathering constituency lists. To the names on these lists, vast quantities of mail matter were sent to prepare them for the solicitors. Many rallies were held at important centers and much speech -making was indulged in. And then when the psychological moment came, a systematic can- vass was made of the entire territory. Also the alumni and former students all over the United States and in some for- eign countries were canvassed by mail. The churches thru- out the conference were exhorted to observe Launching Sun- day, October 9, Review Sunday, October 30, Gleaning Sun- day, November 27, and Closing date, November 30, at which date the job was supposed to be done. The last date was afterward changed to December 21. Frequent reports and announcements were made throughout the conference, and in some instances they were quite encouraging, but million- aires were scarce in Southern Illinois. The poor people did well according to their ability but the failure was in the lack of big subscriptions from the wealthy. When the end of the campaign came, the million and a half had not been sub- scribed. On the night of December 21, the Joint Board held a meeting at the college, which did not adjourn until 2:30 a. m. on the 22nd, to review the situation and consider the Four Hundred and TwentyTk question of What Next? . The pledges were all made con- ditional on the full amount being raised, and therefore none of them was binding in its present form. According to the reports presented at that time the total of the pledges was, in round numbers, $8oo,ood. Dr. Hancher was present and made a lengthy report which is on record in the minutes of the Joint Board. He said the thing to do was to face the facts as they are and not to waste time trying to fix the re- sponsibility for the failure. He also insisted that he had believed from the start that the amount asked was tOD large for the territory involved, and he felt that his judgment was vindicated by the results. He recommended that in order to save as much as possible of the result of the work already done, a recanvass be made and each subscriber, if possible, be induced to sign a waiver of the condition that the full amount should be raised, and thus make each pledge valid for the amount of its face. Six weeks were allowed for this task. Some refused to sign the waiver, but many did and thus enough of the subscriptions were saved to secure the pay- ment of the $1 50,000 pledge of the General Education Board of New York City. While the result of the Movement was disappointing to those who had high hopes that the million and a half would be realized, yet it did bring results that have proved the salvation of the college finances until such time as these results can be supplemented by the contributions of wealthy friends who can make large investments in the cause of Christian Education. About a year after the canvas was finished up and the pledges placed in the hands of Mr. Mitchell, the treasurer of the Endowment Fund for collec- tion. Dr. McCammon presented his resignation to the Board of Trustees assembled at their mid-year meeting in February 1923. Dean Baker was again placed at the helm until such time as a new president should be elected, which in this case did not prove to be a long time. McKeesport, Pa. Summerfield Alton Belleville Camden. N. T- Lebanon West Frankfort We give here a list of the three classes of graduates who received their diplomas from the hand of President Mc- Cammon. THE CLASS OF 192.) Bower, Homer Clark, A. B. Educator Camp, Eleanor Brandt, A. B., Educator Hall, Benjamin Henry, B. S., Business Kraemer, Isabelle Esther, A. B., Educator Laird, Samule Niles, A. B., Business McClure, Beulah Mayme, A. B., fMrs. M. P Akers} Wood River Neulmg, Leha, B. S., Educator Cold Water. Mich. Neulmg, Sylvia, B. S., fMrs. R. C. Fox]} ShelbyviUe Rawlings, William A., A. B., Educator Berkeley, Calif. Rawlings, Wyatt, A. B., Educator Tucker, Guy Emmett, B. S., Educator THE CLASS OF 19 Day, Lois Inez, B. S. East, Laurence John, B. S., Educator Everett, Alice Lois, B. S., fMrs. H. W. GouldJ DeKalb Flesh, Orin, A. B. Marine Gould, Edwin Malcom, B. S., Band Teacher Asheville, N. C. Harrell, Joseph Morton, A. B., Educator Lebanon Walton, Ruth Citherine, B. S., Educator Mascoutah THE CLASS OF 1922 Carvel, Mayo, A. B., Educator Vienna Catt, Orval Alonzo, B. S., Educator Willow Hill Darrow, Mary Irene, B. S., Dietition St. Louis, Mo. Dee, Lois, B. S., fMrs. J. C. Dolleyl Berkeley, Cal. Hanbaum, Winfield Scott, A. B., Minister Columbia, N. J. Harmon, John Bertram, B. S., Educator Crossville Mueller, Luella Lydia, B. S., Educator Lebanon Montgomery, Burtis, B. S., Educator West Frankfort Porter, Margaret Virginia, B. S., fMrs. L. J. Easti ' Springfield White, Robert Fulton, A. B., Lawyer Granite City Mansfield Springfield Four Hundred and Twent -Four K X s CHAPTER XXXV. President Cameron Harmon s Administration w ' hen Rev. Cameron Harmon was elected President ill of McKendree, March 28, 1923, it was the fourth time that one of her own sons had been called to the helm to guide the destinies of the old college. The other McKendree graduates who became presidents were Daniel W. Phillips, class of 62, McKendree H. Chamberlin, ' =;g, and George E. McCammon, 94. The present incumbent is a member of the class of 1903,. Cameron Harmon is a member of a pioneer family whose ancestry can be traced back on his father ' s side to the German Moravians, and on his moth ' er s, to the old Scotch Covenanters. He was born m City County, Ilhnois, April 17, 1876. He grew up on a farm, where he developed a splendid physique and where so many of our national leaders originated. He first entered McKen- dree in 1895, but did not find it practicable to pursue his college course to the end without interruption. He dropped out to teach a district school in order to pay expenses. He also took time out to serve eighteen months in the Spanish- American War. After many interesting experiences in Cuba, when the war was over he returned home, by way of New York City, and the next fall he resumed his work at Mc- Kendree. He was interested in athletics and was captain of the McKendree foot ball team for four seasons, and was also active in the work of the Platonian Literary Society. He was graduated in the class of 1903, receiving the degree of A. B. In 1916 his Alma Mater conferred upon him the degree of D. D., and in 1927, that of LL. D. Probably he had in mind to enter the ministry even before he ever came to McKen- dree. At any rate, he was serving student charges before he was through his college course, and in September after his graduation, he joined the Southern Illinois Conference. On the 23rd of December the same year, he was married to Miss Nina May Large, of Lebanon, who was his fellow student in McKendree for some time. She was his helper in the min- istry until her death in October, 1908. She left two daugh- ters, Dorothy Elizabeth and Nina May. The elder of these IS now a teacher in the Belleville High School and the other is a Student in McKendree. Two years later, Mr. Harmon was married to Miss Ruby Wilson, daughter of Judge Wil- son, of McLeansboro. They have one daughter, Marian, who IS a student in the Lebanon High School. While a pastor, he led in a number of church building enterprises, notably at Granite City, McLeansboro, and Murphysboro. He also se- cured the payment of the long standing debt on First Church, East St. Louis. He entertained the Annual Conference at McLeansboro in 1908, and at Murphysboro in 1913. He was president of the Mt. Carmel District Epworth League, and for four years was Conference League President. He was also a member of the Illinois State League Cabinet, and several years superintendent of the Quiver Lake Chautauqua, at Havana, Illinois. He is a member of the following fraternal orders: Masons, Odd Fellows, and Knights of Pythias. He IS a prominent Rotanan and the founder ot the Lebanon Rotary Club. He was elected District Governor in 1928. He was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention at San Francisco in 1920, and was offered the nomination as a candidate for Congress, but did not choose to run. He was chosen at the head of the delegation to represent his conference in the general conference at Springfield, Massa- chusetts, in 1924, and was again chosen as a delegate to the one of 1928 at Kansas City. His career as a college president began when he was chosen President of the Missouri Wes- leyan, at Cameron, Missouri, in 1917. That institution ex- perienced a great expansion during the five year period that he was in charge of it. When McKendree ' s Board met in March, 1923, to elect a president, other names were men- tioned as possibilities, but Dr. Harmon was chosen by an almost unanimous vote on the first ballot. He had already resigned from the Missouri Wesleyan and was serving as pastor of First Church, St. Joseph, Missouri, when he was chosen President of McKendree. He had always held his Alma Mater in great reverence and considered it an oppor- tunity to serve her interests if he should become president. He therefore immediately accepted the position and in a few days was on duty. When Dr. Harmon took charge, the Academy had already been abolished the year before, on account of the fact that Southern Illinois had become so well supplied with high schools that there was not enough demand for secondary work at the college to enable the academy to pay the expense of its maintenance. The enrollment at the close of the year 1922-23 showed a total of 116 students in the regular college classes, and twenty-one in music. In Dr. Harmon ' s third year, the number in the college classes was exactly twice what It was when he came, while the summary for the year 1927-28, the centennial year shows a total of 408, including the music students. Dr. Harmon took charge of affairs imme- diately and proceeded as a veteran m the service, but when Four Hundred and Twent -Fv the Board met in June they arranged to hold an installation service some time near the opening of the next school year. PRESIDENT HARMON-S INAUGURATION It was held in October, 1933, and was a Home Coming Day for old McKendreans. It was ideal autumn weather and McKendree ' s campus was gorgeous in its many tinted autumn leaves. There was a foot ball game on Hypes Field in the forenoon, in which McKendree defeated Lincoln. The inauguration service was at two p. m. Dr. Claude C. Hall, president of the Board of Trustees, presided. After the open- ing devotions, Dr. Hall gave his official charge to Dr. Harmon as president of the college. He charged the new president to make the college form the minds and lives of the young people so they will be returned to practical life, an asset to our constituency, an honor to the college. Said he, Mc- Kendree must not fail. To you we commit the youth of Southern Illinois, and may God bless you and the college. With a few other remarks of similar import he concluded his address and called for the response from the president- elect. Dr. Harmon came forward, being greeted with a rous- ing welcome, in which fluttering handkerchiefs were notice- able. He began with a rapid reference to the mighty men of the past and the place of the institution in the history of the West and beyond. He said in part: The great souls who toiled earnestly in the founding of McKendree — Casad, Cartwright, McKendree, Ames, Akers, Hypes, Hor- ner, and Merrill, would not despair of the wilderness. They had courage to believe that through the trackless wastes there would run highways for industry and commerce; that great states would be carved out of the boundless tracts; that populous cities would rise upon the plains and in the valley; that the wilderness would become subdued to the uses of ordered society; that homes, schools, and churches would penetrate the untutored West with the finest tradi- tions of stability, culture, and religion. So on the very edge of civilization they founded this institution to further the ends of progress and Christian faith, trusting that future generations would be loyal enough to promote what they were brave enough to begin. Founded thus in the faith and courage of these pioneers, the college has contributed in no small degree to develop- ing life of the great Middle West, and throughout its more than ninety-five years of existence has justified the sacrifices of its founders. They had in mind the perpetuation among their descendants of the traditions of culture, the promotion of good citizenship and more especially the enthroning of Christ in the lives of the leaders of church and state. These ends have been met in a large degree. Among the thousands of students who have attended the college, and more espe- cially among the hundreds of the alumni, are many who have distinguished themselves as citizens and leaders in the various professions. The world around where human hearts have sought m darkness to find the light, McKendreans have been present to teach and lead in the way. At the call of Illinois, McKendree furnished leaders tried and true from the su- preme bench to the executive chair; from the County Board to Legislative halls. At the call of our nation, McKendree ' s sons fought and led the way on the far-flung battle line where freedom ' s cause was weighed in the balances; others at our capitoi stood in the senate chamber and lower house, contributing out of hearts loyal and true to the enactment of laws for the betterment of mankind. So vast has been her contribution to the advancement of human weal, until surely in the court of the redeemed, multitudes shall rise up to call her blessed. In assuming the presidency of such an institution, I feel that I am under obligation to share with you, trustees, alum- ni, faculty, students, and friends, the consideration of some of the ideals which will help to shape the policies of the college of the future. There are hundreds of graduates and former students scattered over the world, who recall with tender memories the Christian lives and winsome personalities of the mighty souls who here lived and taught under the guidance of the Great Teacher of the centuries. Their splendid lives shall live and grow in the hearts of others long after they shall be no more. Surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, I can do none other than to emphasize one of the guiding principles for the future — loyalty and fidelity to the past. This leads nat- urally to a kindred ideal without which no college could long survive, and that is loyalty and fidelity to the present. The founders of this college did not imagine that Chris- tian education was a fixed quantum, but they did believe that however much the quantum might be increased, the quality would still be Christian. This I maintain above every- thing, our McKendree must be Christian. Warren G. Harding said, ' Christian education is essential to Christian citizenship and right civic leadership. President Eliot said, ' Exclude reli- gion from education and you have no foundation upon which to build moral character. ' Henry Churchill King said, ' Edu- cation and religion should be so woven together that each becomes a part of the other. ' These and scores of other pres- ent, day leaders, thus speaking, speak wisely. The product of Christian education proves the contention. Hush every voice Four Hundred and TwentySu MC KENDREE that has been heard m college halls, and silence would reign in the pulpit; the problems of men would be unsolved m the courts of our land; Congress Halls and Executive Chairs would silent stand without a message; the voice of command would be almost unheard on our battlefields and humanity would be undone for untold centuries to come. The travail of many generations would be upon us again ere the heights of this day should again be our own. The time has never been since God spoke this world into existence, that humanity so greatly needed the college man. Just at this time there rests on the college a responsibility which no tongue can tell. We have solicited and received the task of guiding over a perilous way, souls immortal, who are destined to mould and shape for weal or woe the tomorrow of a nation which occupies such a position of prominence as has never been before delegated to a single commonwealth. The serious question of this hour as I see it is simply this, have we produced and are we producing men and women capable, Atlas like, to bear the burdens of the whole world in this troubled hour? I maintain that the Christian College has bent its every effort to produce just such men and women as the world so needs this day, and the yesterday has not been in vain. May we note where the Christian College places em- phasis touching the lives and activities of men in support of our high contentions. While we acknowledge that man must work in order to live, yet we maintain that living is not the chief aim of life, we teach that it is not a question of how long we live, but how well we live. In the development of life we should not go to money grubbing all the day long. That the daisied meadow adds as materially to life as the field of corn, that the orchard at full bloom carries value as truly as the orchard burdened with fruit; that we do not live by bread alone. That part of man which is destined to bless mankind, cannot feed and fatten through the food we eat. The real man lives in a field whose dome is more vast than one self- ish life. The above quotations are only brief extracts from Dr. Harmon ' s inaugural address. After he had finished, Bishop McDowell spoke. He said he was present because the au- burn-haired orator, Bishop Quayle, could not come, though he himself was a long-time friend of McKendree and was glad to be here on his own account. He had been here when President McKendree H. Chamberlin had put on his twen- tieth century campaign and many times since. Then turning to the new president, he said, God bless you, President Harmon, in the sweetest occupation on earth, the guidance of the youth of the world. The Bishop ' s very interesting address closed with these words, What has the community a right to expect from the college? The college must make a rich return in fine citizenship, without which the Republic cannot exist. The college must make the piety of the people vital. The college must keep the soul alive; it must keep the youth of the land loyal to Christ. It must set out to make the world richer — a rich place to live in. Southern Illinois is a thousand years in advance of what it was fifty years ago. Southern Illinois has a world duty. She must have the sense of civic duty. Southern Illinois must come to the help of God Almighty to make this a better world. May God m ake you. President Harmon, adequate to the great new day in which you live. After this there were a few closing remarks by Dr. Hall, the presiding officer, a prayer of dismissal by Dr. Spencer, Editor of the Central Advocate, and another great day at McKendree was finished. During Dr. Harmon ' s term, which has been about five years up to the present time, more than thirty new teachers have come into the faculty. Which means that almost that number have also gone out for one reason or another, for the faculty is not much larger than it was in 1923. There seems to be two elements in the McKendree teaching force. One of more or less permanence and the other transient. In the former class we might mention Professor E. B. Waggoner, who spent forty years in McKendree ' s faculty. Then there IS a trio in the faculty at present whose combined terms of service at McKendree amounts to ninety-eight years. If they all live and serve another year, they will pass the century mark. These are E. P. Baker, J. C. Dolley, and W. C. Walton. The other class may be found, to some extent at least, in the list we are about to give of teachers who have come into the faculty in the last five years. Of course some of these are still in the faculty and may belong to the permanent list, but many of them have already gone on to other fields. The list IS as follows. Constantine D. Calogeris, Mathematics; Belle M. Nixon, English; William E. Burns, Biology; Ruth C. Walton, Home Economics; Ross L. Large, Social Science; Noble P. Newsum, Social Science; J. Purdy Neel, History; Earl A. Davis, Athletic Director; Grant McDonald, Piano; Pauline Harper, Voice; Angela Buzard, Expression; Claude E. Vick, Education; Alleen Wilson, Libra rian; David W. Shipp, English; Olive E. Patmore, Expression; Ernest R. Crisp, Spanish and English; Zella V. Brown, English; Wesley Charles Kettelkamp, History; J. Wendell Dunn, Physics, Glen F. Filley, Athletic Director; John George Rogers, Assistant Coach; Everett Jordan, Assistant Coach; Mrs. Minnie Phillips, House Mother; Maeryta D. Poole, g S:g Voice; Mrs. Earl Davis, Voice; Edwin R. Spencer, Biology; C. J. Bitner, Social Science; Lennie B. LaRue, French and Spanish; Evelyn McNeely, English; Luella Mueller, Educa- tion; Irvin R. Nelson, Assistant in History; Oliver C. Wahl, Violin; Ada B. Carroll, Voice; Exean Woodard, English; Sophia Parker, French and Spanish. HOMECOMINGS A prominent and enjoyable feature of the recent years has been the annual homecoming which is generally held on some Saturday in October. Many McKendreans of other days assemble in the old chapel and recount the experiences of olden days when they were young and the future looked rosyhued to most of them. Then those who have only been away a year or two and will be sure to find some of their college chums still here, always enjoy coming back for a day. All the younger ones and some of the old ones take pleasure in watching the football game which always comes m the afternoon. And after that, those who do not feel that their obligations require them to hurry home at once, gather in their respective society halls and have a reunion of society fellowship and tell of the wonderful things that happened there in the days long gone and, in the eyes of some, time always adds luster to the achievements of the former days. Some of the old McKendree men have long careers following their college days. In the reunion of 1927 there were several whose college days began in the sixties, as E. B. Waggoner, W. F. Wilton, C. W. Bliss, and others. At the meeting of 1926, John D. Johnson, of St. Louis, was present and pre- sented a receipt for tuition paid by him to the fiscal agent of McKendree, dated September, 1856, showing without question that he had been a student in the institution sev- enty years before. A McKENDREE RE-UNION by W. A. Kelsoe Permit me to make a report of a little reunion of McKen- dreans in St. Louis last fall (1927). I had been down town and upon returning, I noticed a man on the sidewalk near the doorway whose face reminded me of an old college chum, a roommate of mine in the late sixties, at McKendree, whose name was Frank White. Yes, it was Frank, Mr. F. A. White, now of Los Angeles, California. He had already made flying visits to his old home towns in St. Clair County, Lebanon, Belleville, and Millstadt; and expected to start back to Cal- ifornia the next day. He wanted to meet some of his old college friends in St. Louis, but might not be able to, as he was in the hands of other friends and relatives, notably the Wyllies, his wife having been a sister of John A. Wyllie, a noted leader among McKendree students sixty and more years ago, and later the head of the public schools of Leb- anon, and the father of Dr. Barnett D. Wyllie, also a Mc- Kendrean and now the medical head of the St. Louis Public Schools. Mr. White wanted to see his old friend, Louis Landau, the wholesale grocer, and it was arranged that he should make that visit immediately and come back to my office (workshop) the next afternoon. Later I called Mr. Landau on the phone and found that the two had spent a half hour together talking over their McKendree days. At the appointed hour next day White arrived at my workshop and met there three other fellow students, friends of sixty, or nearly sixty, years ago — Robert W. Gartside, John C. McCoy, and William F. Ratcliff. I had twelve roommates in all at McKendree, and only two are now liv- ing. White and Gartside, and this was the only time I had ever met them together since we were all three in college together. One was a Plato, and the other a Philo, but I loved them both at McKendree and have never ceased to love them since. Gartside and I roomed together here in St. Louis in 1875. He and White have prospered and they look it. Both now have children and grandchildren. When they roomed with me in Lebanon, our home was at the Julia Wise boarding house, now occupied by the Eicher family. Mrs. Wise ' s three children all attended the college and the girls, Ella and Iva, married McKendreans, respectively, Charles Cannady and George Luther Brown. Charley Wise, the son, is now an Olney, 111. merchant. Mr. and Mrs. Brown graduated in the same class in 1878. White and Gartside had other roommates at McKendree. White boarded with the Rankin family, the young ladies of the house being Kate and Annie (Mrs. J. S. Peach), and among White ' s roommates were Hon. J. Nick Perrin, who married a Lebanon girl, Miss McCoy, and Henry Ferguson, who married one of the founders of the Clionian Society — Miss Robinson, I think it was — from Bond County. Gart- side had Mark Brady and Jim Bozza for roommates. The latter married Eva Lowery, the landlady ' s daughter, related by marriage to Llewelyn Calhoun, of the class of ' 76. James Primm White, Frank ' s brother, of Millstadt, was a McKen- dree student in the years 1863-1865. Mr. McCoy, now at the head of a prominent St. Louis jewelry store, never tires telling of the good old days at McKendree when he roomed at the famous Buzzard ' s Roost, with Columbus Alonzo Keller, later Judge Keller, of Mt. Vernon, Illinois, and San Antonio, Texas. McCoy has had a wonderful career, be- Four Hundred and Twenty-Eight :s ftM£i£NDREE ginning down m Egypt, in Pope County, I believe. When he was a McKendree student late in the sixties, his home was at Godfrey, Illinois, which was also represented m Mc- Kendree by E. B. Waggoner, later for many years a teacher of Science in McKendree, and now in charge of the college museum. Mr. McCoy is seventy-eight now, but the honor of being the oldest member of our McKendree party fell to Mr. Ratcliff, born at OIney, Illinois, September 5, 1847. He was therefore nearly eight years older than the youngest, Mr. Gartside, who was born in St. Louis, May 18, iS-fi. Sixty years ago he lived at Alma, m St. Clair County. For his roommate at McKendree, Mr. Ratcliff had the president ' s son, Joe Allyn, of the class of 1870. Ratclitf was both student and teacher, having charge of the gymnasium and all indoor athletics. The president ' s family then occupied the old home of Governor French, on Belleville Street. Probably no reunion was ever more enjoyed than was ours that afternoon m a celebration of our college days at McKendree PUBLICITY METHODS In his efforts to give the college abundant publicity, Pres- ident Harmon travels thousands of miles every year, mostly by auto — and usually the auto is a Ford — visiting high schools, delivering commencement addresses, holding revival meetings, speaking at Teachers Institutes, dedicating church- es, speaking on special occasions, and interviewing personally many hundreds of prospective students. There is a monthly bulletin published by the college and sent out free to a wide constituency, composed of Alumni, old students, friends, and those whom the college wishes to become its friends. The annual catalogue is one issue of this bulletin and it is issued in a large edition and sent out each year to every prospect whose name can be secured. For some years a student who has had some experience in newspaper work, has been employed to furnish college news to many of the leading newspapers in the bounds of the Conference and in St. Louis. Each year about a hundred copies of the college annual, commonly known as The Mc- Kendrean, are sent out to the principal high schools in our territory. During the summer vacation some special workers are always employed to cover our patronizing territory. Dur- ing the summer of 1923, a male quartette of college graduates, who were former students in the Missouri Wesleyan, were employed for this purpose. They were excellent singers, and two of them readers. They travelled in a Ford and sang in the churches, at picnics, and various kinds of public gather ' ings all over the conference. The next summer .1 similar work was done by a McKen- dree quartette, composed of Harold Brown, Kenneth Rippel, Earl Hussong, and Lewis Peterson. This quartette gave splendid entertainments. They were regularly employed for two summers and did some work in a third. One summer some McKendree lady entertainers took the field. This team consisted of Miss Harper, who was the College Voice Teacher; Helen Colwell, pianist and organist; Mildred Adams, Vocalist; and Dorothy Harmon, Reader. One sum- mer Paul Schuwerk, who had just been graduated from McKendree, spent the entire vacation period travelling around in a Ford and interviewing prospects. In the sum- mer of 1927, a similar plan was followed, except that there were f ive canvassers, one for each of the five districts in the conference. IMPROVEMENTS ABOUT THE COLLEGE Many improvements have been made in the last five years. We take space to mention a few of them. One is a second addition to the gymnasium, adding a seating capacity of about four hundred, to accommodate the crowds who wish to see the basket ball games. Another is the enlargement of the athletic field by the addition of an acre of ground on the east, and the field was graded nearly to a level at a cost of about $4,000, and a new track built with a straightaway of two hundred and twenty yards. Also concrete bleachers have been constructed of sufficient capacity to accommodate the crowds that come to see the football games even on Homecoming days. A new concrete walk has been built on the campus, following the short cut of the busy people to the new corner entrance to the campus, which has been erected as a part of the Centennial observance. A new heating furnace has been installed with greater capacity than any that has ever been on the campus before, and additional storage room for coal. Another much needed improvement was made at the Christmas vacation when new seats were installed in the chapel. It is now seated with high grade opera chairs, which were the gift of a comparatively recent McKendrean who has been successful in business, but modestly refuses to allow his name to be mentioned in connection with the matter. The college museum which had attained respectable proportions as an interesting collection some years ago, but when the many changes in the buildings occurred about 1911, the space occupied by the museum was needed for other purposes. It was therefore dispossessed and scattered about in inconspicuous nooks and corners. Professor Wag- goner has been appointed curator and is still engaged in Four Hundred and Twentv-.Nn [IMC KENDREE the task of reassembling the scattered specimens, and arrang- ing and classifying them in a room set apart for the purpose in the library building. Another feature of the Centennial year has been a series of chapel lectures, held on the average once a week, usually on Tuesday mornings. On that day the class schedule is so modified as to allow an hour for chapel instead of the usual twenty minutes. The list of speakers so far as we have them at this writing is as follows: Warden Woelfle, of the Chester Penitentiary ; Rev. W. H. Whitlock, District Superintendent; Judge Albert Watson, of Mt. Vernon; Elder Jewell Howard, of First Christian Church, St. Louis; Branch Rickey, Business Manager of the Cardinals; Homer Rodeheaver, Billy Sunday ' s singer; Dr. Whitchurch, of Garrett Biblical Institute; Miss Doris Smith, Travelling Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement; Rev. H. G. Beck, Pastor First M. E. Church, Mattoon; Rev. Merritt Souers, Pastor First Church, Alton; President W. J. Davidson, Illinois Wesleyan University; President E. E. Cutshall, of Iliff School of Theology; Rev. Carl Fritz, pastor at Mascoutah ; President Elliott, of Purdue University; Dr. N. P. Horn, of Epworth League Headquar- ters, Chicago; Bishop Frederick D. Leete, Indianapolis; Mr. George Elias, of Damascus, Syria; Ex-Senator Williams, of St. Louis; Ex-Congressman William D. Upshaw, of Atlanta, Georgia; Rev. Antonio Sartorio, of New York. A list of the graduates during Dr. Harmon ' s presidency up to the present time: THE CLASS OF 192.3 Andrews, Raymond Dorlaque, A. B., Business Alton Bower, Mabel, A. B. Chicago Clements, Jesse Leonard, B. S., Educator Chebanse Cralley, Lawrence William, A. B., Pastor Carlyle Glenn, Juniata Violet, A. B., [Mrs. Chauncey Rockwelll Chicago Grantham, Winifred Ware, B. S., Educator Bradford Hailing, Milton Edward, B S., Educator La MoiUe Kean, Roy Newman, A. B., Pastor Staunton Mabuce, John Oberlin, A. B., Pastor Addison, N. Y. Mathis, Ernest Laverne, A. B., Boston, Mass. Maxey, Benjamin Collins, B. S., Educator Chrisman Shurtleff, Marie, B. S., fMrs. L. A. Cotter! Asheville, N. C. Waggoner, Beatrice Cowan, A. B., fMrs. Bertarm JonesJ Decatur THE CLASS OF 1921 Britton, Ernest Raymond, B. S., Educator Mound City Corlew, Cecil Otto, A. B., fMrs. Lester Albery} Valparaiso, Ind. Cralley, John William, B. S., Educator Carmi Davis, Mrs. Lily Cotton, A. B., Educator Florida Fain, Ruth Agnes, B. S., Business Lebanon Grauel, George Warren, A. B., Educator Gillespie Haase, George Karl Adolph, A. B., Pastor Central 111. Conf. Harmon, Marion Irene, A. B., fMrs. PlaterJ Milwaukee,Wis. Hendrix, Arthur Warren, A. B., Pastor Toledo Hughes, Martha, A. B., fMrs. Ernest Britton} Mound City Runkwitz, Erwin Herman, Jr., B. S., Educator Odin Shipp, David Warner, A. B., Educator Seabright, N. J. Spreckelmeyer, Orville Richard, A. B., Pastor Evanston Tressler, Mary Agnes, A. B., Educator Creal Springs Van Houten, Scranton Coit, B. S., Educator O ' Fallon Walton, Alice Hester, A. B., Educator Lebanon Whitlock, Omer Floyd, A. B., Pastor Wood River THE CLASS OF 1925 Akers, Milburn Peter, A. B., Editor Wood River Calhoun, Harold Verne, A. B., Educator Belleville Dunn, James Wendell, B. S., Educator Lebanon Freeman, Lawrence E., B. S., Educator Anna Frey, Sidney William, B. S., Educator Mound City Harris, Frank Ellworth, A. B., Pastor Ashley Hartline, Opal Cameron, B. S., Educator Norris City Jessop, Delta Olive, A. B., Educator Madison Karnes, Guy Otwell, B. S., Educator Faribault, Minn. Mais, Henry George, A. B., Pastor Centerport, N. Y. Newcom, James Royce, A. B., Educator Evansville, Ind. Stelzriede, Frederick Carl, A. B., Pastor Equality Van Ness, Fern, A. B., [Mrs. L. E. Freeman] Anna Young, Helen, A. B. Pittsburgh, Pa. Zimmerman, John Bahr, A. B., Educator Godfrey THE CLASS OF 1926 Adair, Robert Carmon, A. B., Pastor St. Louis Bailey, Walter Louis, A. B., Grad. Student Boston Bergmann, Emma Katherine, B. S., Educator O ' Fallon Brown, Wendell Wilhite, B. S., Medical Student St. Louis Carter, Raphael Verne, A. B., Educator Crossville Crabbs, Barbara Leone, A. B., Educator Altamont Darrow, George Green, A. B., Salesman O ' Fallon Dolley, Wilma Denbeaux, A. B., [Mrs. Robert Dolleyl Jacksonville, Fla. Harmon, Dorothy Elizabeth, A. B., Educator Belleville Harris, St. Clair Madison, B. S., Fuller Brush Co. St. Louis Hill, Percy James, B. S., Educator Staunton HoUis, Roscoe Raymond, A. B., Educator Alpena, Mich. Karnes, Christine Morris, B. S., Educator Oblong Mowe, Wilburn Lewis, B. S., Chemist E. St. Louis Four Hundred and Tlurtv : s Morgan, Thelma, A. B., Educator Freehurg Mueller, Harry Edgar, B. S., Educator Salem Rogers, John George, A. B., Educator Marengo, la. Sawyer, William Thomas, A. B., Merchant Nashville Schafer, Louis Arthur, A. B., Educator Mascoutah Schuwerk, Paul Edward, A. B., Law Student Chicago Smith, Mary Opal, A. B., Educator Brownstown Waggoner, Kenneth, A. B., Educator Owensboro, Ky. Wahl, Edmund David, A. B., Educator Summertield Walker, James Wendell, A. B., Pastor Maple Park Willis, Albert, B. S., Educator Flat Rock Zimmerman, Mrs. Grace, Educator St. Elmo THE CLASS OF 1927 Adair, Dorothy Dee, B. S., [Mrs. Robert Adair] St. Louis Adams, Mildred Ann, A. B., Voice Student E. St. Louis Brown, Harry Edwin, A. B., Pastor Windsor, N. J. Brown, Harold Melroy, A. B., Educator Centralia Brown, Wensel Langley, A. B., Grad. Student Urbana Fleming, David Ross, A. B., Pastor Hindsboro Gerlach, Daniel Stewart, A. B., Pastor Elsah Grieve, Jesselyn Louise, A. B., Educator Creal Springs Hall, John Crow, A. B., Educator Hopper, William Edward, B. S., Educator Horner, Ethel Eugenia, A. B., Educator Hortin, Loren Jos-ph, A. B., Educator Hoye, Alice Gertrude, A. B., Educator Isom, John Malvern, A. B., Educator Liu, Pinghon Chang, A. B., Student Magill, Guy Nelson, B. S., Educator Magill, Luther Mayo, A. B., Educator McGeehon, Evelyn Elizabeth, A. B., fMrs. Julius Schalter] O ' Fallon McKnight, Noble Wiles, A. B., Business Evanston Peterson, Lewis Vincent, A. B., Grad. Student Urbana Walker, Charles, A. B., Educator Bible Grove THE SENIOR CLASS 1928 Baker, Lee Robert Lebanon Bass, Ray Lebanon Benner, Dale Allen Alton Brennan, Clarence Rosso E. St. Louis Brown, Frank Carl Lebanon Correll, Verdie Beatrice Lebanon Cralley, Elza M Mt. Olive Crossley, Alfred O ' Fallon Lebanon Walton ville HiUsboro Livingston West Frankfort Christopher New York City Kinmundy Rosiclare Douglas, Helen Alice Oblong Glotfelty, Phihp Rutherford Granite City Gould, Homer Clifton Lebanon Gould, Paul Glenwood Freeburg Grupe, Marvin McKendree Lebanon Guandolo, Joseph Conway, Pa. Hardy, Vernal Richard Ellis Grove Haskin, Glenn Arthur Robinson Henry, Ruth Olive Oblong Hood, Tate Dougherty Portland, Ore. Hortin, Paul Robley Albion Hussong, Daniel Earl Roxana Jack, Charles Kenneth Opdyke Kinsey, Edna Lucille Altamont Kirkbride, Marian Elizabeth Cairo Kotelly, Sam Dhori Chautauqua, N. Y. Kratzer, William Earnhardt Jamestown, Mo. Lacquement, Delbert SuUms Sparta Martin, Emery Herschel Sumner Metcalf, Henry Leonard CaseyviUe Metcalf, Mrs. Helen Colwell CaseyviUe Miller, Earl William Lebanon Mitchell, Lorin Olney Morris, Lossie E O ' Fallon Mowe, Ronald John . . .Lebanon Nelson, Irvin Raymond Williamsville, Mo. Oxendine, Clifton Pates, N. C. Peach, Robert Hershey ... Lebanon Ragland, Fay Greenville Ragland, May Greenville Ragland, Viola Belle . Greenville Richards, Mary Lovina . . Newton Robinson, Margaret Jean Lebanon Sigillito, Anthony St. Louis, Mo. Sites, Lela Grace ... Salem Smith, Eugene J E. St. Louis Stout, John Henry Mascoutah Stuart, James Granite City Taylor, Golda Eugenia Lebanon Teague, Margaret Alberta West Frankfort Todd, Samuel Erie Rochester, Pa. Wahl, Ohver Carl Edwardsville Whitlock, Walter Peterson E. St. Louis Wilson, Elza Dale Newton Young, Vivian C Marissa 1828 [1928 MC KENDREE HONORARY DEGREES All the degrees indicated in this list were conferred by McKendree except M. D., which is inserted to indicate the holder ' s occupation. The date before the name is the year the degree was conferred. A star after a name indicates deceased. 1867 1867 1867 1839 1839 1840 1840 1841 1844 1845 1847 1847 1848 1848 1850 1850 1851 1851 1852 1852 1852 1853 1854 1854 1855 1855 1856 1856 1857 1857 1857 1858 1858 1858 1858 1859 1861 1863 1865 1865 1866 Rev. Peter Akers, D. D. Rev. William Dailey, A. M. Rev. William D. R. Trotter, A. 1 Rev. Lewis Dwight, A. M. Bishop Thomas A. Morris, D. D. Rev. John W. Merrill, D. D. Rev. Peter Cartwright, D. D. Rev. D. D. Lore, A. M. Rev. Wm. Nast, D. D. Rev. John Dempster, D. D. Gov. Augustus C. French, LL. D. ' Prof. John Johnson, LL. D. Rev. James Leaton, A. M. Rev. J. C. Berryman, A. M. Rev. Daniel P. Kidder, D. D. Rev. William C. Larrabee, LL. D. Rev. W. W. Mitchell, A. M. D. M. Cooper, M. D., A. M. Rev. John Eul, A. M. Rev. Edward Cook, D. D. Prof. John Russell, A. M. Rev. James G. Blair, D. D. J. S. Harrison, M. D., A. M. Rev. James Porter, D. D. Rev. W. H. Sampson, A. M. Gov. William H. Bissell, LL. D. Rev. John Arrell, A. M. H. R. Smith, A. M. Hon. Jehu Baker, A. M. Rev. James B. Corrington, D. D. Rev. Thomas Williams, D. D. Rev. John Van Cleve, D. D. D. Y. Kilgore, a. M. Rev. H. p. Torsey, LL. D. A. C. Hillman, a. M. Rev. Chas. Adams, D. D. Rev. T. B. Taylor, A. M. Rev. O. W. Pollard, A. M. Rev. Joseph Denison, D. D. Rev. Thomas F. Houts, A. M. 1869 1869 1869 1870 1870 1870 1871 1871 1871 187 1 1871 1871 1872 1872 1873 1873 1873 1874 1875 1875 187 ; 1876 1876 1876 1877 1877 1877 1877 1877 1878 1879 1879 187Q Rev. H. p. H. Bromwell. A. M. Rev. M. L. Scudder, A. M. Rev. J. P. D. John, A. M., Lecturer Rev. Reuben Andrus, D. D. Rev. Henry E. Whipple, D. D. Rev. F. P. Cleveland, A. M. Rev. J. Wesley Johnsno, A. M. Thomas W. Eckert, M. D., A. M. Rev. John Luccock, D. D. Rev. William T. Lucky, D. D. Rev. Peter W. Blair, A. M. Hon. Jonathan Merriam, A. M. Rev. Edward M. West, A. M. Rev. Jairus J. Bentley, A. M. Hon. Allen W. Metcalf, A. M. Mary Julia Jewett, A. B. Rev. J. H. Cross, A. M. Rev. W. G. Campbell, A. M. Robert Kidd, A. M. Hon. Jesse Haile Moore, LL. D. Rev. M. Sorin, D. D. Rev. Herman Koch, D. D. James L. Perryman, M. D., A. M. Rev. Nathan Shumate, D. D. Col. W. H. Heath, A. M. Rev. Cyrus E. Felton, D. D. Rev. S. a. W. Jewett, D. D. Geo. F. Center, M. S. Rev. James A. Robinson, D. D. Henry Z. Gill, M. D., A. M. John D. Johnson, A. M. Rev. C. a. Vananda, D. D. Rev. Nathan Scarritt, D. D. Prof. James H. Brownlee, A. M. Geo. F. Center, M. D., A. M. F. H. PiEPER, LL. B. Rev. E. M. Boring, D. D. Rev. William L. Hypes, D. D. Rev. Robert Allyn, LL. D. Rev. Jasper A. Smith, A. M. Rev. W. F. Cowles, D. D. Rev. Ross C. Houghton, D. D. Bishop John M. Walden, LL. D. Capt. Thomas L Spencer, A. M. Prof. J. D. Dow, Ph. D. Prof. J. J. Brown, LL. D. Rev. Geo. W. Miller. A. M. MC KENDREE 1880 1881 1 88 1 1 88 1 1 88 1 1882 1882 1882 1882 1882 1884 1884 1884 1885 L887 1887 1887 1889 1892 1892 1893 1894 1894 1894 Prof. Robert F. H. Weyher, A. M. James Madison Gore Carter, M. D., A M. George Jasper George, A. M. Prof. Thomas Rees Vickroy, Ph. D. Rev. George W. Hughey, D. D. Hon. Henry A. Castle, A. M. Rev. Thomas E. Robinson, A. M Victor E. Phillips, M. S. Rev. Robert Newton Davis, D. D. Hon. Jehu Baker, LL. D. Prof. David S. Elliott, A. M. Prof. Granville F. Foster, A. M. Rev. Daniel W. Phillips, D. D. Rev. Thomas A. Parker, D D. Hon. Henry Seiter, A. M. Rev. O. H. Clark, D. D. Rev. a. H. Te vis, D. D. General Wesley Merritt, LL. D. Gov. Richard J. Oglesby, LL. D. Rev. Richard T. Tracy, A. M. Prof. John F. Arnold, A. M. Hon. James Neville, A. M. Prof. E. M. Wollank, A. M. James Madison Gore Carter, M. D., Ph. D. Rev. J. I. Buel, D. D. Rev. James L. Wallar, D. D. Rev. Thomas A. Eaton, D. D. Rev. Benjamin R. Pierce, D. D. Rev. Thomas H. Herdman, D. D. Rev. Thomas C. Watkins, D. D. Rev. G. R. Van Horn, D. D. John H. Mitchell, M. D., A. M. William W. Edwards, LL. B. Rev. Alfred Noon, Ph. D. Prof. Robert Pence, A. M. Rev. John D. Gillham, D. D. Morris St. P. Thomas, A. M. Rev. Edward H. Parkinson, D. D. Gen. John L Rinaker, LL. D. Rev. W. J. Martindale, D. D. Rev. Callaway Nash, D. D. Rev. Francis M. Van Treese, D. D. Rev. William C. Babcock, A. B. Prof. George D. Buchanan, A. M. Rev. John Leeper, D. D. Rev. Joshua S. Akers, D. D. Rev. W. F. Shedd, D. D. Rev. Leonidas W. Thrall, D. D. Gen. James H. Wilson, LL. D. Judge William C. Jones, LL. D. Judge Leo Rassieur, LL. D. Hon. Charles P. Johnson, LL. D. Colonel Risdon M. Moore, Ph. D. Judge Thomas Berry Wall, A. M. Rev. William Morrow, A. M. Rev. Asher R. Cronce, D. Mus. Rev. James F. Corrington, D. D. Joseph B. McCullagh, LL. D. Hon. Annis Merrill, LL. D. Hon. John R. Thomas, LL. D. Young H. Bond, M. D., A. M. Rev. James W. Caldwell, A. M. Rev. Allison F. Clark, A. M. Prof. Martha C. Weaver, A. M. Rev. William McKendree McElfresh, D. D. Hon. William McKinley, LL. D. Hon. William Jennings Bryan, LL. D. Prof. Daniel B. Parkinson, Ph. D. Frank Lyman Marshall, D. Mus. Rev. William Wirt King, D. D. Hon. Ethelbert Callahan, LL. D. Rev. Leon Harrison, Ph. D. Hon. W. F. L. Hadley, A. M. Eugene L. Wagoner, M. D., A. M. Rev. James G. Dee, A. M. Rev. Lemuel Cramp, A. M. Rev. James S. Bitler, D. D. Hon. William R. Morrison, LL. D. Rev. John W. Flint, D. D. Rev. William Wallis, D. D. Rev. John F. Harmon, D. D. Rev. Joseph W. Van Cleve, D. D. Hon. W. a. J. Sparks, LL. D. Judge William Stoker, LL. D. Hon. William B. Choisser, A. M. Rev. Charles A. Crane, D. D. William Vincent Byars, A. M. Rev. Jotham A. Scarritt, D. D. Charles Walter Brown, A. M. Thekla Bernays, a. M. David D. Thompson, LL. D. General Peter Joseph Osterhaus, LL. D. Hon. Charles S. Deneen, LL. D. Prof. Samuel W. Williams, LL. D. Four Hundred and Tfiinv-Thn ftMC KENDREE : : : -.. . . 1905 Johnson Pierson, LL. D. 1905 Rev. Frank W. Loy, D. D. 1905 Rev. William H. Pierce, D. D. 1906 Judge Elbert Henry Gary, LL. D. 1907 Pres. Edmund J. James, LL. D. 1907 Rev. Charles J. Steuckemann, D. D. 1908 Henry E. Chapin, Sc. D. 1908 Gilbert Preston Randle, M. S. 1908 Dean Oliver Albert Harker, LL. D. 1908 Rev. Charles A. Beckett, D. D. 1908 Rev. Theodore Copeland, D. D. 1910 Rev. Nathaniel Crow, D. D. 1911 Rev. Charles D. Shumard, D. D. 1912 Rev. Claude Caleb Hall, D. D. 19x2 Rev. Frederick Henry Knight, D. D. 1914 Judge James A. Creighton, LL . D. igif Rev. James G. Tucker, D. D. 1916 Rev. Cameron Harmon, D. D. 1917 Bishop William A. Quayle, L. H. D. 1925 Rev. G. R. Goodman, D. D. 1923, Rev. Charles L. Peterson, D. D. 1924 Rev. Ressho Robertson, D. D. 1924 Rev. Frank O. Wilson, D. D. 1927 Rev. Cameron Harmon, LL. D. Four Hundred and ThntyF BOOK III A Brief History of St. Clair County By W. C. Walton, Ph. D. Preface vn. ' dny readers pass over a preface with but a cursory glance, yet It frequently contains important information. This one is inserted for the purpose of explaining certain matters concerning the histor- ical record contained in the hoo}{. One important point is the greatly reduced content of the history of the county. After the wor}{ was well along and a prospectus had been published, indicating many inter- esting things that were to be included in it, the committee in charge of the business management of the Centennial History, for good and sufficient reasons, changed the plan of the boo}{and reduced the space allowed for St. Clair County to less than half of what was originally intended. This necessitated the omission of many pages of subject matter which we believe would have been of interest to ynany readers. The early history of the county, which is almost identical with the early history of the state of Illinois, is presented with some degree of thoroughness, but the later records had to be so much abbreviated that there was not space even to mention some of the smaller towns and villages which St. Clair County contains, though it is a matter of regret that any of them should be omitted. The writer does not claim any originality in presenting this brief story, for he has made free use of all the records available which have been left by previous historians. We here record our gratitude to those ivho have so indly assisted us in gathering material. We have endeavored to be accurate in the statement of facts, but sometimes authorities were in conflict and we were compelled to choose between them. We therefore bespeak the indly judgment of the critical reader of history. W. C. Walton A Brief History of St. Clair County CHAPTER I, Under French Rule ST. Clair County was the first organized, and there- fore IS the oldest county m the state of Illinois. It was named for General St. Clair, who was the governor of the Northwest Territory under President Washington and came to Illinois under his instruction to effect certain changes in the territorial government. The early history of St. Clair County is largely that of the State of Illinois. According to the assertions of early explorers who made extravagant claims in behalf of the countries they represented, Illinois once be- longed to Florida, and at another time to Virginia. It was first explored chiefly by the French Jesuit missionaries, and was under French rule until the close of the French and Indian War. It was under British rule from that time till the Revolutionary War. After the establishment of American independence, it became part of the Northwest Territory. When the territory of Indiana was organized in 1800, it was under control of that government until the Illinois Territory was organized in 1809, the year of the birth of Abraham Lincoln, who afterward had such a large part in the history of the Prairie State. St. Clair C ounty as an organization was already more than a quarter of a century old when Illinois became a state in 18 18. The early exploration and settlement of the Illinois country is a romantic story, bound up with missionary enterprise in which the explorers considered them- selves real apostles carrying the gospel message to benighted heathens in the western wilderness. In relating the outlines of this interesting story we make no claim of originality but will merely follow the footsteps of those who have gone be- fore and told the story more fully than we have space to tell It here. From the abundance of records of this early period we take only such portions as we judge to be most interesting to the modern reader, and which seem to make the best intro- duction for the story of the later achievements of the men and women who have lived and wrought as citizens of St. Clair County. We acknowledge our indebtedness to many histor- ians of Illinois, and without mentioning all of them it is only fair to say that we have received special help from Governor Reynolds ' Pioneer History of Illinois, as well as from later writers, such as Mather, Perrin, and others. In June, 1673, Fathers Marquette and Joliet started on their canoe voyage down the Mississippi River, during which they passed along the whole western border of the Illinois country and made landings at various points. In commem- oration of some of these first contacts of white men with Illinois territory, an annual pageant is held at a suitable point in Calhoun County along the Mississippi River, under the direction of Mr. J. Nick Perrin, whose work in the field of Illinois history deserves the gratitude of all her citizens. These Jesuit missionaries went as tar south as Arkansas and from there they retraced their steps, returning to Green Bay in September, having seen vast reaches of new country and hav- ing become aware that numerous tribes of Indians, numbering thousands, inhabited these wild regions and furnished a large, tho difficult field for Christian missionary work. Among other explorers of Illinois whose names should be mentioned here are La Salle, whose name has been commemorated by both a county and a city in our state, as well as a prominent street in Chicago; and Tonti, after whom a village in Marion County has been named. La Salle ' s explorations include not only the Great Lakes region, but south as far as the Gulf of Mexico. He reached the mouth of the Mississippi in 1682, and having erected there a column, he decorated it with the Arms of France and placed on it the following inscription: Louis le Grand, Roi de France et de J lavarre, Regne; le T jiivieme, Four Hundred and ThntyS: April, 1682. Thus France lay claim to the Missis- sippi Valley, which has been characterized as The fairest portion of the globe, an empire in extent, stretching from the lakes to the gulf, and from the sources of the Ohio to where the head waters of the Missouri are lost in the wild solitudes of the Rocky Mountains. La Salle be- stowed upon this vast indefinite region the name Louisiana, in honor of Louis XIV, King of France. In 1680, he built a fort on the Illinois River, not far from the present site of Peoria and called it Creveceur. Two years later he fortified the rocky promontory on the Illinois River, later known as Starved Rock, and called it Fort St. Louis. He did not establish any permanent settlements in the country but they would not have been possible without his work. The settle- ments were made later by those for whom he opened the way into the wilderness. He was a man born to command, where he could wield despotic authority, but he did not possess the faculty of winning the love or confidence of his followers. He never was popular with the men under his command, and finally he was shot from an ambush by some of his own men when he was still in the prime of his strength, only forty- three years old. His murderers were not punished, but they themselves were killed soon afterward in a quarrel with other members of the expedition. As early as 1675, Father Mar- quette carried out his purpose to establish a mission to the Illinois Indians. The pious priest went to the chief town of the tribe, located on the river which bears their name. This was near the present site of the town of Utica, in La Salle County. The priest called it Kaskaskia, a name that was after- ward transferred to the southern part of the state and given to the town which became its first capital. He showed the Indians the pictures of the Virgin Mary, established an altar, and said mass. He was received by them as a celestial visitor, and there was great sadness among his savage friends when on account of failing health the old priest felt that he must leave them and return to Green Bay. However he did not live to reach the comparative comfort of the mission station at Green Bay, but perished on the way, tho cared for by his companions to the best of their ability. He did not regret his fate but felt that he had given his life to the cause of the Gospel in heathen lands, and had made an honest effort to carry out The Great Commission. Other Jesuit priests took his place with the Indians. Toward the close of the century, probably about 1690, the Illinois Indians, on ac- count of the attacks of the warlike Iroquois Indians, were compelled to abandon their village and move south- ward. The mission, under the charge of the Jesuit Fathers, was moved with them. The new location was a beautiful valley about six miles in width at the confluence of the Miss- issippi and Kaskaskia Rivers. Between these two rivers, but SIX miles above their junction, was the site chosen for the new village. Row after row of Indian lodges soon covered the plain. A log chapel and a house for the priests were built and inclosed in a neat stockade. French settlers came in and with the help of the Indians the land adjoining the mission was cultivated. About the same time Father Pinet established a mission along the Tamaroa Indians at Cahokia, about four Cahokia in 181S miles south of the present city of East St. Louis. French set- tlers also came to this village. Houses were erected and each settler was given a piece of land three hundred feet square. Cahokia became a village of importance and in 1795 was made the county seat of St. Clair County. Many French immi- grants were attracted from Canada to the Illinois country and these two new towns, by reports of mild climate and fertile soil. After New Orleans and other French colonies were planted in Louisiana, numbers of settlers came to Kas- kaskia and Cahokia by the less laborious route of the Miss- issippi River. Among the French settlers whose names have been found in the old records at Kaskaskia are the names, Bazyl La Chapelle, Michael Derouse, Jean Baptiste Beauvais, Baptiste Montreal, Boucher de Montbrun, Charles Danie, Francois Charlesville, Antoine Bienvenu, Louis Bruyat, Jos- eph Paget, Langlois De Lisle, and many others whose names identify their nationality. Before many years had passed, a regular trade was established between Upper and Lower Louisiana. Cargoes of flour, tallow, bacon, hides and leather were floated down the river to New Orleans where they were shipped to the West Indies or to France. The boatmen brought back sugar, rice, indigo, and other articles manufactured in Europe. By the middle of the eighteenth century, several thousand Frenchmen and their descendants were living on the banks of the Mississippi and its tributaries. Kaskaskia Four Hundred and Thirty-Eight MC KENDREE weis then the metropolis of Northern Louisiana. Mather ' s History of lUinois represents the houses as quaint in appear ' ance and of pecuHar construction. In some cases the walls were formed by planting deep in the ground, framework of posts held together by cross strips. The whole was strongly braced at the corners. This framework was then filled in with straw and mortar. The walls were then given many coats of white wash, both inside and out. The roof was thatched and quite steep. The floors were of slabs hewn from logs. These dwellings gave the village an air of peace, comfort and con- tentment, in keeping with the simple lives of the people. Longfellow describes such a town in Evangeline : ' Strongly huilt were their houses, with frames of od}{ and of heynloc . Such as the peasants of J lormandy built m the reign of the Henrys. Thatched were the roofs, with dormer windows, while gables, projecting over the basement beloiv, protected and shaded the doorway. ' ' Mather describes the dress of these people as simple and quaint. Coarse blue shirts were covered with vests and pantaloons of homespun. A long blue coat with pointed hood was a common outdoor garment. Upon hunting expeditions and in winter, coon skin caps and deer skin trousers were worn. The dress of the women was of blue cotton or Span- ish cloth, made with a short waist and full skirt. A blue hand ' kerchief was a common head covering for both sexes. Both men and women wore buckskin moccasins, decorated with sheels and beads. Their agricultural activities were quite primitive. Their plows had wooden mold boards and were drawn by oxen. They raised tobacco, hops, oats and wheat. Also they raised corn to feed their stock or to make hominy, but the French did not eat corn bread. Neither do they today, and that is why we had certain wheatless days during the World War, in order that the French might have wheat bread. They did not have spinning wheels or looms as did the English who came later. They made butter by beating the cream with a spoon or shaking it in a bottle. Their homely tasks occupied much of their time, but the monotony of life was relieved at times by amusements, holidays, and festivals. These French were by nature a merry people. Both young and middk ' aged enjoyed dancing, while the old men and priests looked on with approval. Even the Indians and slaves joined in this simple revelry. As agriculture was the chief occupation of the settlers, some of the young men entered the employ of the fur companies, or on their own account went on long trading expeditions among the Indians who dwelt on the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. Others found employment in running the flat boats which carried the furs and farm products down the river to New Orleans. The voy age usually required months and was attended by many dan ' gers. Returning upstream the oarsmen were assisted by large sails. When the wind failed, they sometimes walked on the shore and pulled the barge slowly and with great difficulty, so that the upstream voyage was one of exceeding toil. The relations of these French settlers with the Indians by whom they were surrounded was usually friendly. Thus by tact and fair dealing, they escaped the wars and massacres which frequently harassed the settlers on the Atlantic coast. For nearly a century in this Illinois country the white man and the red man, native owner of the soil, dwelt together in peace and confidence with but little civil government ind no courts of law. All differences were settled by the leaders of the church. The French seemed to have a genius for friendly dealing with the Indian tribes that was not possessed by the English. In the French and Indian War, the French and the Indians were lined up as allies on one side against the English on the other. The following incident from Reynolds ' Pioneer History illustrates the relations existing between the French and the Indians of the Illinois country. For a murder that had been committed m a broil, three young Indians were given up by the Illinois chiefs to the newly constituted aU ' thority for punishment. The sympathy of the Kaskaskia peo ' pie, especially the women, was with the Indians, and they desired that they should be received into the true church and publicly baptised before their execution. Accordingly each of the young Indians was adopted by a French woman who gave him a Christian name and was to stand as his godmother during the ceremony of baptism. The entire female popula ' tion of the town was engaged for a number of days in prep ' aration for the occasion. Needles were plied incessantly and finally the preparations were completed. The evening before the execution was to take place, the Indians escaped, as some believed, thru the assistance of their fair sympathizers. When the danger blew over, the young Indians returned and were permitted to remain unmolested. The population of Kaskaskia continued to increase and in 1725 it became an incorporated town and was granted special privileges by Louis XV, King of France. Cahokia never became as large a town as Kaskaskia. It was settled by whites about as early, and like the other town, it was first an Indian mission, and afterward French settlers came in and in a few years it was a thriving village. It carried on more commerce with the north, and Kaskaskia more with the south. Being wholly a French town, its growth and prosperity were somewhat checked by the Four Hundred and ThrtyH results of the French and Indian War, which caused the French territory to pass to the control of the English. In a work entitled The State of the European Settlements on the Mississippi, published in London in 1770, the following description is given of Cahokia at the beginning of the Revo- lutionary War: The village of Cahokia is generally reckoned fifteen leagues from Fort Chartres and six below the mouth of the Missouri River. It stands near the side of the Miss- issippi and is marked from the river by an island two leagues long. The village is opposite the center of this island. This town, unlike its old neighbor, is still in existence and lies within the present boundaries of St. Clair County. The name is also borne by a creek which empties into the Mississippi River at East St. Louis; and also by the largest of the mounds left by the Mound Builders. These mounds, many of which are in St. Clair County, are the evidence of the civilization of the people who occupied this country just prior to the Indians. Two distinct races are said to have inhabited the Western Hemisphere before the Indians. The earlier was the more civilized. The ruins of extensive palaces and spacious temples in Mexico and Central America are sufficient proof that they lived in magnificent and populous cities. The sec- ond was the Mound Builders, an ingenious and peaceful, tho less civilized race of people who left their mounds in various parts of the United States, but no larger group anywhere than in St. Clair County. The Indians were still less civilized, and following a law of nature, have given place to a more intelligent people who are making better use of the abundant natural resources of this great country. The Indians who occupied this part of the Mississippi Valley belonged to the Algonquin branch of the great Indian family. The Illinois Indians were a confederacy of five tribes, the Tamaroas, Michiganies, Kaskaskias, Cahokias, and Peorias. In 1675, these tribes lived chiefly in the country of the Illinois River. A little later the warlike Iroquois burned their principal town and the tribes were driven down the Illinois to the Missis- sippi. The Cahokia and Tamaroa tribes united and had their village at Cahokia. The Michiganies chose a location near Fort Chartres. The efforts of the Jesuits to convert these tribes to Christianity led to the establishment of the French villages of Kaskaskia and Cahokia. The Tamaroas at one time had a town at Turkey Hill, which also is in St. Clair County, but were nearly exterminated in a terrific battle with the Shawnees near the eastern limits of what is now Randolph County. At the time of the earliest French settlements, the Illinois Indians numbered about twelve thousand. In revenge for the death of the Chief Pontiac, who was killed by ,in Illinois Indian at Ciihokia in 176 ' i, the Illinois Indians were almost exterminated by the Sacs, Foxes, and Pottawatamies. In the year i8oo they could muster only one hundred and fifty warriers. Their chief was a half breed named Du Quoin who wore a medal that had been presented to him by George Washington. Soon after i8oo Da Quoin and his tribes emi- grated to the south-west. In 1850 the last remnant of the once populous tribes which composed the Illinois Indians were in the Indian Territory and numbered in all eighty- four persons. The story of the French period would not be complete without some account of Fort Chartres, which was the mil- itary stronghold of the Mississippi Valley at that time, and was erected on a scale of magnificence unequalled by any other in the new world at that time. It was erected under the supervision of the young Pierre Duque Boisbriant, who came to Kaskaskia in 1718, just a century before Illinois be- came a state. A site was chosen about twenty miles above Kaskaskia and a mile from the river. Here the soldiers of France cleared the virgin forest, hewed out timber for the walls, and with much toil brought the stone for the founda- tion from the bluffs four miles away. After two years of labor and at a cost of one million crowns, the fort was completed and named in honor of the Due de Chartres, son of the regent of France. It immediately became the seat of French military power, and under its protection the village of New Chartres sprang into life. Some time later Philip Renault, secretary of the French Trading Company, came to the fort bringing with him mechanics, slaves, settlers, and miners, for the French expected to find precious ore in the bluffs that Uned the Miss- issippi River. The valley lands between Kaskaskia and Ca- hokia were cleared and planted to farm crops; and the French villages of St. Phillippe and Prairie du Rocher were founded and grew into thriving settlements. Renault ' s name was per- petuated in the village named for him, which is now one of the towns of Monroe County, situated on the bluffs not far from Fort Chartres. According to Mather ' s account, the peo- ple of the fort and villages led a merry life. Gay hunting par- ties issued from the gates of the fort and returned at night hiden with the spoils of the chase. Roman Catholic worship was popular and lordly processions of dignified gentlemen and richly dressed ladies marched into the chapel to hear m.iss. Stately receptions were given where officers in uni- forms covered with gold lace danced with ladies robed in velvet and siitin. The fashions of Paris were reproduced in this military station on the distant Mississippi. The fame of Fo rt Chartres spread to every settlement in the new world. Four Hundred and Forty i s It became a common saying of the early day, All roads lead to Fort Chartres. When France and Spain were at war m Europe, an attack upon the fort was planned by the Spaniards ot distant Santa Fe. The soldiers of Spain marched across the mountains of Colorado and the plains of Kansas, but in Mis- souri they were betrayed and murdered by the Indians who were friendly to the French. In 1750 a new commander, the Chevalier Makarty, was sent to Fort Chartres with orders to reconstruct the fort of stone. Accordingly the wooden walls were torn down and at an incredible expenditure of labor and treasure the new fort was erected. When completed It was the strongest and most pretentious fortress m the new world. We can hardly realize the difficulties attending the building of so great a structure in the heart of the western wilderness. The iron that entered into its structure and the skilled workmen had to he brought from the old world. Wagon roads were built, over which rude oxcarts hauled stones prepared at distant quarries. The walls of the fort were eighteen feet high and inclosed four acres of land. The four bastions of masonry each contained eight embrasures, forty-eight loopholes and a sentry box. Above the arched gateway, fifteen feet in height, was a platform of cut-stone reached by a stairway of nineteen stone steps. Withm the walls stood the great stone house, ninety feet long by thirty feet wide, and a guard house, with chapel and rooms for the priests on the second floor. The government house was eighty-tour by thirty-two feet, with a great stone porch run- ning across the front, and the coach house and pigeon loft near by. The two rows of barracks measure each one hundred and thirty-five feet long by thirty -six in breadth. In one angle of the fort was situated a bake house and a well near by. Apart from the other buildings was located the magazine, a building of stone thirty feet square and thirteen feet high, the roof ,ind door also being made of stone. In after years when the fort was in ruins, it furnished material for the walls and chimneys of many farm houses m the vicinity. Under the brave commandant, Makarty, the soldiers of Fort Chartres issued forth to fight the battles of France and actu- ally fought on many battlefields in the French and Indian War. To the soldiers of Fort Chartres, Washington surren- dered at Fort Necessity, and they were present at the over- throw of General Braddock. When Canada was won for the English by General Wolfe, m the famous battle beneath the walls of old Quebec, it was thought that the territory con- trolled by Fort Chartres might be retained by the French. But by the treaty of 1763,, all the French territory of the new world, east of the Mississippi River, was ceded to Eng- land. By a secret treaty about the same time, the territory west of the Mississippi was given to Spam. The French com- mander kept possession of the fort till the arrival of the Eng- lish, and then in October, 1765, he formally delivered it to the new commander, Captain Thomas Stirling. The French soldiers and even some of the Indians wept as they saw the Lilies of France hauled down and the Cross of St. George flung to the breeze instead. The little garrison, believing that they would there be upon French soil, withdrew to St. Louis. Some of the French inhabitants, unwilling to dwell in a coun- try ruled by men of a differe nt race and creed, whom they had been taught to hate for generations, sold their possessions and left the country. Others withdrew to the settlements of St. Genevieve and St. Louis on the other side of the Miss- issippi Still others went down the river to Natche:, Baton Rouge, or New Orleans. Kaskaskia in 1818 I CHAPTER II. Under British Rule BROM October, 1765, Fort Churtres was an English stronghold instead of a French one. The English did not acquire it by conquest on the premises, but by conquests elsewhere. The victories that gave them Fort Char- tres were won, some of them, on the other side of the ocean. The colonies of France and England in the new world had merely taken up a quarrel that started in the old, and fought for their respective mother countries. The French had always succeeded better in getting along with the Indians, so they utilized them as allies to a considerable extent. The British called it the French and Indian War because it was waged against the French and Indians. In the period of colonization of the new world, England had acquired control, by right of discovery and settlement, purchase, or other means, of the colonies along the middle and southern Atlantic coast, leav- ing to the French only those on the far north. But while England was becoming estabHshed east of the Alleghenies, the French slipped around behind them, so to speak, coming down from Canada, and took possession of that great fertile region, the Mississippi Valley. This the English never really conquered, but by the treaty of Fontainebleau the French possessions in America, at least all east of the Mississippi River, were ceded to England. Illinois was so remote and insignificant in the eyes of the English that they were slow to take actual possession. The treaty ceding New France to England was signed Feb. 10, 1763, but it was not till October, 1765, that Captain Stirling, with a small force of Royal High- landers, came to take actual possession of Fort Chartres, which represented the seat of government so far as there was one in the Illinois country. The French commander, M. St. Ange, promptly surren- dered the fort to its new master and retired to St. Louis. It is stated that all the population of Illinois before the cession did not exceed three thousand and it is estimated that at least one third of these left the country on account of the change in government. The mission of St. Sulspice had a plantation at Prairie Dupont, near Cahokia, together with a saw mill and grist mill for grinding corn. They sold out to a Frenchman, M. Gerardine, who remained under the British government, while the people of the mission returned to France. Capt. Stirling brought with him the proclamation of Gen. Gage, who was Commander-in-chief of all the British forces in North America. It was dated at New York, Dec. JO, 1764, and was a kind of constitution for the government of Ilhnois. It granted the right of worship to Catholics and many other salutary regulations. Capt. Stirling died a short time after he came to Illinois and was succeeded by Major Frazier, and he by Colonel Reed, who was notorious for his military oppressions. In September, 1768, Colonel Reed ar- rived at Kaskaskia with authority from General Gage and took charge of the government. He established a Court of Justice and appointed seven judges, and arranged that courts should be held once a month. This was the first court of common law established in the Mississippi Valley. In 176s the Indian Chief Pontiac was assassinated at Cahokia by an Illinois Indian who was supposed to have been hired by the English, who saw that the powerful influence of the great Indian leader was in the way of British progress. Pontiac was a chief of the Ottawas and probably the greatest Indian leader and organizer who ever lived in North America. It IS not strange that a modern motor car company should name their car the Pontiac if they believed in its superiority. Pontiac was born and reared near Detroit. It is said that he had some French blood in his veins and was imbued with deadly hostility to the English. He declared before the Great Spirit, the Master of Life, eternal enmity against the English, as Hannibal of old did against the Romans. Both he and Hannibal were fighting in a most holy cause, the defense of their country; but in each case it proved to be a lost cause and the country was wrested from a helpless people by a merciless enemy. After the French had ceded the country to the English and they were making preparations to occupy It with military force from the Alleghenies to the Mississippi, Pontiac saw at once that the Indians must either defend their country or lose it entirely. He saw that the methods of the English in colonizing the country was different from those of the French. The British drove the Indians out of their homes and hunting grounds, while the French merely shared them with the natives and lived in peace with them. His soul, like that of Patrick Henry, was fired with true patriot- ism and he conceived the idea of uniting all the Indian tribes in the whole country, at least east of the Mississippi, into one great league, an Indian League of Nations for the de- fense of their common country against the encroachments of the English. It was not an idle dream but the most effective combination of the Indian people ever made upon the con- tinent. It seems wonderful how it could have been carried out to the extent that it was, without the means of rapid Four Hu.idreJ d,iJ F, S:£ communicition which the organizers of today have at their command. Pontiac was a master spirit among the Indians. He had military experience at Fort Duquense, in Braddock ' s defeat, and other occasions during the French and Indian War. He visited all the different tribes in the vast territory concerned, reconciled all the old feuds that existed between the tribes, for the sake of their common interest, and told them what he believed was his message of inspiration from the Great Spirit, who had appeared in a dream and said, Why do you allow these dogs in red coats to enter your coun- try and take the lands I have given to you? Drive them out, and when you are in trouble I will help you. This Indian Bona- parte was well-acquainted with the country and with the Indian character. He had acquired and well deserved the name of Emperor among the Indian nations. He knew the leading warriors of the various tribes, and by the sheer force of his genius and personality without educational training, and without even writing, had organized these widely scat- tered savages into a wonderfully effective machine of destruc- tion to the English. He knew the situation at each of the English forts and devised the plan of attack accordingly, and in some cases he even appointed the individuals who were to lead in carrying out the plan. The general plan was for the Indians to rise and take all the English forts on the same day, some by open attack and others by stratagem. And this was kept a profound secret except in one instance where a squaw divulged it. Just another case of where a woman could not keep a secret. There were sixteen forts m the whole British territory, all of which were slated for destruction except Niagara, which the Indians considered too strong for their means of attack. All these forts fell according to the plan of Pontiac except three. It is likely that many of the tribes did not learn of Pontiac ' s death until after the day appointed for the attack. The degree of success attained by this enterprise under the difficult circumstances involved, would seem to entitle Pontiac to a high place in the temple of fame. If he had a Homer to sing his praises for his war-like achievements, his name would be transmitted to posterity with as much honor and glory as any of the heroes of the Trojan War. The Greeks fought to conquer, but Pontiac fought to defend his country. The English feared Napoleon, so they sent him to St. Helena. They feared Pontiac, and they had him shot, by bribing a savage to murder him in the streets of Cahokia. Thus fell one of nature ' s noblemen. His bones now rest near the old deserted village. The Northern Indians held him in the highest estimation. They knew their loss was ir- reparable. His murder so enraged them that they almost ex- terminated the whole tribe of Illinois Indians, because it was one of their number who did the deed, and thus robbed them of their friend and protector, the Great Pontiac An English trader named Hervey was at Mackinaw when that fort was taken and tells how they did it. It was a strong garrison and provided with cannon. The Indians assembled in large numbers and staged a big ball game, of course accord- ing to their own ways of playing. It was a game in which many could take part. They said it was to celebrate the birth- day of the English king. They played hilariously for a while and the soldiers of the garrison looked on as interested spec- tators, unsuspicious of anything unusual about to happen. After a while the ball was thrown over the walls of the fort as if by accident. Immediately a large number of the Indians rushed into the fort to recover the ball. After they were once inside they drew forth their concealed weapons and began a fearful massacre in which all the whites in the fort were slain and scalped except a few French. At Detroit, a friendly squaw revealed the plan of Pontiac to the commander. Major Gladwin, so he was on his guard and the stratagem failed. These narratives indicate that the few English settlers in Illinois during the years immediately following the occupa- tion of the country by the British government had to endure conditions which almost amounted to a state of war with the Indians. The pioneer population did not increase much in the fifteen years of English rule. In the Illinois territory It was considerably decreased by reason of so many French leaving to get away from British rule, and at the same time many of the early settlers retreated to the safer regions in the east on account of the hostility of the Indians against the British. At the time the English troops came to take possession of Fort Chartres, two young officers, one French and the other English, had a misunderstanding, which led to a bitter quar- rel. The trouble arose as in the case of the Trojan War, on account of a lady. In this case they did not have ten years of war first and then let Hector and Achilles fight it out individually, but they had the duel first. It occurred early one Sunday morning just outside the fort. They fought with swords and one of them was killed. The other took a hasty departure down the river and was heard from no more. This was probably the first duel fought on Illinois soil. Un- fortunately this method of settling differences was resorted to at intervals in subsequent times until the constitution of 1848 went into effect and this prohibited duelling absolutely. ur Hundred and Fortv-Tliree In the spring of 1772 the Mississippi River, as if to avenge the defeat of the French, overflowed its banks and swept in a mighty flood across the bottom lands. The fort had been built a mile from the shore, but the raging river came after it and the western wall crumbled into the swirling water. The place was now abandoned and the British moved their military stores to the fort opposite Kaskaskia, which was named in honor of the British commander in America, Fort Gage. Kaskaskia continued to be the center of British power and influence until the entire territory passed to the Amer- icans thru the successful expedition of conquest by Col. George Rogers Clarke in 1778. Thus Illinois and St. Clair County were under British rule for a period of fifteen years, from 1763 to 1778. The policy of the English government was to prevent colonists from settling in the newly acquired territory. They desired to turn the vast region into a hunting ground where only British agents could purchase the large quantities of furs that were annually sold by the Indians. In a proclamation dated Oct. 7, 176J, King George forbade ' ' making any purchases or settlements whatever, or taking possession of any lands beyond the sources of any rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean from the north or north- west. This policy would have made a perpetual wilderness of a vast region unsurpassed for fertility. However, in viola- of the King ' s proclamation, the British governors permitted companies to purchase lands from the Indians. The Illinois Land Company, composed of English traders and meTChants, obtained two vast tracts of land from an Indian council, rep- resenting the Kaskaskias, Peorias, and Cahokias, held at Kas- kaskia on July 5, 177},. The deed, signed by ten chiefs, each making his mark, gave the white men an immense tract of land embracing many counties of Illinois according to their present boundaries. The consideration paid for this princely domain was, Two hundred fifty blankets, two hundred sixty stroudes, three hundred fifty shirts, one hundred fifty pairs of stroud and half-thick stockings, one hundred fifty breech cloths, five hundred pounds of gun powder, one thou- sand pounds of lead, one gross knives, thirty pounds ver- million, two thousand gunflints, two hundred pounds brass kettles, two thousand pounds tobacco, three dozen gilt look- ing glasses, one gross gunworms, two gross awls, one gross fire steels, sixteen dozen of gartering, ten thousand pounds of flour, five hundred bushels of Indian corn, twelve horses, twelve horned cattle, twenty bushels salt, twenty guns, and five shillings in money. This deed was recorded in the office of a notary public at Kaskaskia, September 2, 1773. This is merely a sample of many such deeds made in this period, and but for the estab- lishing of an independent government by the colonists, the titles might have been sustained by the British government. Colonel Wilkins, a British commander at Kaskaskia, made many grants of Indian lands to his friends. One of these grants, consisting of thirty thousand acres, came into the possession of John Edgar, a British officer who had come to Kaskaskia to engage in mercantile business. This grant was afterward confirmed by Congress and made Mr. Edgar the richest land owner in Illinois and the possessor of a large part of what was afterward Edgar County. Hundred and Forty-Four MC KENDREE CHAPTER III. The Transition to American Rule HE Illinois Country was a part ot the British possessions in America from the tmie of the treaty of Fountainebleau m 1765 until, as a result of the Revolutionary War, the American colonies wrested from Great Britain all the American territory she possessed south of the Great Lakes. The trans- fer of the Illinois country from British to American control occurred 177S, after only fifteen years of British rule, as a result ot the expedition of Colonel George Rogers Clarke. It seems appropriate here to give a brief ac- count of this remarkable achievement, con- densed from the various histories of those times. The British garrison at Kaskaskia, or Fort Gage, which had been the military stronghold instead of Fort Chartres since 1772, was probably withdrawn early in the war because the soldiers were needed elsewhere. The place was left in charge of a commandant with perhaps a few soldiers for body servants. Illinois was so remote from the theatre of action and means of communication so imperfect that the people ot these villages were but little disturbed by the rumors ot war that occasionally came from the Atlantic coast. The French inhabitants were in sympathy with the Americans rather than the English, but probably understood very imperfectly the nature of the struggle. According to the theory of the Colonial Government at Philadelphia, Illinois was under the jurisdiction of Virginia. Colonel George Rogers Clarke, who had visited Kentucky in 1775, tirst saw the great advantage of having the Illinois settlements actually m the hands of the Americans. So he visited Patrick Henry, then Governor of Virginia, and laid before him a plan for the capture and possession of these colonies. The Governor was pleased with the idea and gave Clarke authority to raise seven companies of men with which to carry out this bold project. However he succeeded in enlisting only four companies, which were commanded by Captains Montgomery, Bowman, Helm, and Harrod. With these men Clarke started for the west. At Corn Island, opposite Louisville on the Ohio, he announced his destina- tion to his men. At the mouth of the Tennessee River they encountered a man who had recently visited Kaskaskia. He told them that the commander at that place was a French Canadian named Rocheblave, that he kept what few soldiers COLONEL GEORGE ROGERS CLARKE he had well-drilled and sentinels posted to w.itch for the Long Knives, as the Vir- ginians were called, of whom the inhabitants were m mortal terror. Securing his boats at Fort Massacre, afterwards called Massac, he undertook the lourney across the country, one hundred and twenty miles, to Kaskaskia. It was a ditBcult march thru an unbroken wilderness. On the afternoon of July 4, 1778, the exhausted band of invaders came to the vicinity of Kaskaskia, and concealed them- selves m the hills east of the town. After dark Clarke called his men together and laid his plans before them. He divided them into three divisions, two of which were to take the town, entering from different directions, while the third, under Clarke himself, was to take the Fort. The plan worked out perfectly. Kaskaskia was at that time a village of about two hundred and fifty houses. The British com- mander last m charge had instilled m the minds of the people the idea that the Virginians, otherwise the Long Knives, were a ferocious band of murderers, plundering houses, slaughtering women and children, and committing acts ot greatest atrocity. Clarke determined to take advantage ot this and frighten them into submission without resistance. He and his men affected an entrance into the fort without ditEculty. The other parties entered the town at opposite sides at a given signal, and with terrible noises and hideous shouts aroused the sleeping inhabitants who shrieked in their alarm, The Long Knives! The Long Knives are here! The panic stricken townsmen delivered up their arms and the victory was accomplished without shedding a drop of blood. Rocheblave, the British commandant, was unaware of the presence ot the enemy until an officer entered his bed chamber and claimed him as a prisoner. The next day Clarke withdrew his forces from the town and sternly forbade all communication between it and his soldiers. Also some ot the principal officers and citizens were put in irons. The terror now reached its height. A deputation consisting of the priest and several elderly men of the village called on Clarke and humbly requested permission to assemble m the church and take leave of each other and commend their future lives to the protection of a merciful God, since they expected to be separated, perhaps never to meet again. Clarke gruffly granted Four Hundred and Fortv-Fiv IMC KENDREE f wk ■ -11 IV H i m GOV ST. CLAIR For whom the county wa; the privilege. The whole population convened at the church and after remaining together a long time, the priest and a few others again waited on the commander of the American forces, pre- senting thanks for the priv- ilege they had enjoyed and desiring to know what fate awaited them. Clarke now determined to lift them from their despair and win their gratitude by a show of mercy. What! said he, Do you take us for savages? Do you think Americans will strip women and children and take bread from their mouths ' My countrymen disdain to make war on helpless inno- cents. He further reminded them that the King of France, their former ruler, was the ally ofthe Americans and was now fighting their battles. He told them to choose whichever side they preferred and they should be respected in their liberty of choice and in their rights of property. The revulsion of feeling was complete. The good news spread rapidly through- out the village. The church bell rang a merry peal and the delighted inhabitants gathered at the chapel where thanks were offered to God for their happy and unexpected deliv- erance. The loyalty of the inhabitants was assured and ever after they remained faithful to the American cause. The French inhabitants of Kaskaskia never did admire the English and so were readily reconciled to a change of government. In October, 1778, the Virginia Assembly erected the con- quered territory into the County of Illinois. This new county embraced all the territory north-west of the Ohio, and five large states have since been formed from it. Colonel Clarke was appointed military commander of all the western territory, both north and south of the Ohio, and Colonel John Todd, one of Clarke ' s soldiers, who had been the next man after Clarke to enter Fort Gage, was made Lieutenant- Commandant of Illinois. In the spring of 1779 Colonel Todd visited Kaskaskia and made arrangements for the organiza- tion of a temporary government. Many of the French inhab- itants of St. Phillippe, Prairie Du Rocher, and the other villages willingly took the oath of allegiance to Virginia. Colonel Todd was killed in the famous battle of Blue Licks in Kentucky, August, 1782, and Timothy de Montbrun, a Frenchman, succeeded him as commandant of the Illinois County. Ot his administration but little is known. Colonel Clarke ' s further achievement, marching across Illinois, ford- ing swollen streams, suffering from the cold and other hard- ships, besieging and capturing Vincennes for the Americans IS a story that is well told by Theodore Roosevelt in The Winning of the West. Illinois did not long remain a county of Virginia. The several states agreed on adoption of the Articles of Confed- eration, to cede all their claims to western lands to the general government. Virginia executed her deed of cession March I, 1784. This left Illinois a part ofthe Northwest Territory, which by the ordinance of 1787 was organized into one dis- trict for purposes of government and General Arthur St. Clair was selected by Congress as the governor. Marietta, Ohio was the seat of government. In the year 1790 Governor St. Clair organized the first county in the Illinois country and named it after himself. We quote a portion of his proclama- tion, which shows the original boundaries of this county. Know ye that, it appearing to me to be necessary for the purposes above mentioned, a county should be imme- diately laid out, I have ordained and ordered, and by these presents do ordain and order that all and singular, the lands lying and being within the following boundaries, namely: Beginning at the mouth of the Little Michilliakinack River, running thence southerly in a direct line to the mouth of the little river above Fort Massac upon the Ohio River; thence with the said river to its junction with the Missis- sippi; thence up the Mississippi to the mouth of the Illinois River, and so up the Illinois River to the place of beginning, with all the adjacent islands of said rivers, Illinois and Miss- issippi: shall be a county and the same is hereby erected into a county, named and hereafter to be called the County of St. Clair, and the said County of St. Clair shall have and enjoy all and singular the jurisdiction, rights, privileges, and immunities whatsoever to a county belonging and pertaining and which any other county that may hereafter be erected and laid out shall or ought to enjoy conformably to the ordi- nance of Congress before mentioned. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal ofthe territory to be affixed this 27th day of April in the fourteenth year of the Independence of the United States, and in the year of our Lord, 1790. Arthur St. C air Countersigned by His Excellency ' s Command. Wmthrop Sargent, Secretary These boundaries made the original St. Clair County in- clude about two-thirds of the State of Illinois, but with a FcuT HmidTcd and FortySi) MC KENDREE £ : ; r population of only a few thousand, both whites and Indians, In the year 179 ' ?, Governor St. Clair divided the county into two. All south of a line running thru the New Design settle- ment, which is in the present county of Monroe, was erected into the County of Randolph. It was so named in honor of Edmund Randolph, of Virginia. This division left Kaskaskia the original county seat in the new county of Randolph, and Cahokia became t he new county seat of St. Clair. It remained there until it was moved to Belleville m 1S14. Up to the time when it fell into the hands of the Americans, thru the conquest by Colonel Clarke, it was inhabited almost solely by French people or the native Indians. In fact it was a sort of New France being set up in the Illinois wilderness. In the main, the settlers lived on friendly terms with the Indians- They frequently mingled with them, not only in their hunt, ing enterprises, but sometimes in a social way many of them were quite at home beside the Indian camp fire. They adopted many of the native modes of life, imitated his dress in some particulars, and some of the settlers even took wives from .imong the dusky squaws of the aborigines, and married them according to the rites of the Roman Catholic Church, which thru Its missionaries wielded a strong influence upon the native tribes. The record of the Salem Witchcraft in 1692 IS a sort of blot on American history. An echo ot it appears about a century later out m the Mississippi Valley. In Ca- hokia about the year 1790 superstition got the upper hand of reason and several negroes were put to death for this imaginary offense. An African slave called Moreau was hung for this crime on a tree not far southeast of the village. It is stated that he said that he poisoned his master hut his mistress was too strong tor his powers of necromancy. Another slave, Emanuel, was shot at Cahokia for the same reason. An old woman named Jeannette was believed to have power to destroy persons and property by her incan- tations. The children as well as many grown up people were terrified at her approach. And all this withm the present bounds of St. Clair County. Four Hundred d.id Fortv-Ser MC KENDREE CHAPTER IV. Settlers of the Early Period HE Old French Records contdin some interesting data concerning some of the early citizens of both Cahokia and Kaskaskia who were prominent in the community in their day. They are entitled to a place in this record because they were citizens of St. Clair County. Charles Gratiot was born in Switzerland of a Huguenot family, educated in London, went to Canada at the age of eighteen, and in 1774 came to the Illinois country to make his fortune. He soon became the master spirit in commerce thruout a vast region of country. He was the John Wana- maker of the Illinois country in that early day. His trade employed a large capital and extended over several of the states of the Mississippi Valley. He had stores at both Kas- kaskia and Cahokia, but his grand depot of trade for many years was at the latter place. Altho he had been educated in England, yet he was born in the country of William Tell, and the spirit of freedom was the great passion ot his life. When George Rogers Clarke undertook the conquest of the Illinois country for the cause of the American colonies, Gra- tiot supported him to the full extent of his vast fortune; and without his aid it is doubtful whether Clarke ' s enter- prise would have succeeded . He used many thousands of dol - lars in purchasing supplies for the patriot army. He made this sacrifice voluntarily and the government failed to reimburse him for the expenditure, but under the protection of the new government he was able to accumulate a new fortune. His joy at seeing the colonists free was his most satisfactory reward for the thousands he invested in the enterprise. In the year 1781 he married the sister of Pierre Choteau, one of the founders of St. Louis. After his marriage he made his home in St. Louis and died there in 1817. A street m St. Louis bears his name. Another was Dominique Ducherme, a French-Canadian, who made his home at Cahokia at intervals. He possessed great influence with the Indian tribes. It was he who led the famous attempt to capture St. Louis in 1780. It was then a Spanish trading post His enmity was aroused against the Spanish because a party of Spanish soldiers from the garrison of St. Louis had captured and confiscated a boat load of goods which he was carrying up the Missouri River to trade with the Indians. Another was Julien Dubuque, after whom the city of Dubuque, Iowa was named, and near which he was buried He purchased a tract of land from the Indians extending eighteen miles along the Mississippi and nine miles back from the river. It was supposed to contun valuable lead mines. It made him seem to be a large land owner with a holding of one hundred and sixty-two square miles, but later governments were organized and his claim was not recog- nized. William Arundel was an Irishman by birth, who came to Cahokia in 1783. He was well-educated and among the old records of St. Clair and Randolph Counties his excellent hand writing frequently appears. He and Mrs. Thomas Brady were said to be the only persons not French who lived in Cahokia until after the Revolutionary War. William Morrison came to Illinois from Philadelphia in 1790. He located in Kaskaskia, which at that time was the county seat of St. Clair County. He was one of the most influential characters in the country at that early day. He was what is called a self-made man. Like a few other prom- inent leaders, he never went thru the drudgery of acquiring a scholastic education, but his natural talents were of a high order and he studied in Nature ' s great academy and be- came eminent in the circles in which he moved, whether in society or in business. He was ambitious and enterprising and succeeded in acquiring large possessions, both in land and merchandise. His commercial activities extended from Pittsburg to the Rocky Mountains, and from Prairie Du Chien to New Orleans. About 1800 he established a store in Cahokia and placed it in charge of an eccentric Irishman named William Atchison. This store manager, by reason ot the excessively high prices he asked for his goods, acquired in derision the nickname Chape Wollie, which clung to him as long as he remained in the business. One of the stories told of this Irishman is that when Rev. Benjamin Young was a Methodist circuit rider in this region, Chape Wollie in- vited him to preach in his store. It turned out that Mr. Young had a very small congregation. Atchison tried to explain why his French neighbors did not attend the meeting. For my part, said he, I would walk miles, thru briars and Hell, to hear such a sermon as that ye prached; but these blarsted French love dancing better nor preaching. And Misther Young, couldn ' t ye stay with us tonight and go to the ball this avenmg? But the Methodist preacher very courteously declined Mr. Atchison ' s invitation to stay for the dancing party on Sunday evening. In 1801 Morrison built a fine stone house in Kaskaskia, which at that time was the finest resi ' MC KENDREE dence m the country. He lived in it m princely style, and with his family displayed the generous hospitality and ele- gant bearing of a well-bred gentleman. He was exemplary in his morals and never indulged in light and frivolous amuse- ments. Gambling and drunkenness he abhorred. Horce-racing was the most popular amusement of that day and it is said that he used to sometimes bet a suit of clothes on a horse just for the sake of sociability, but he cared little whether he lost or won. Reynolds describes his personal appearance as dignified and prepossessing. Energy and zest were dis- cernible in his walk and all his actions. He made it a matter of principle to dress well, with taste and even elegance. He often said that a man sometimes made a fortune by a decent appearance. He was always extremely gallant and polite to the ladies. He always claimed that intelligent and correct female society was a very great influence for the control of human conduct and for the promotion of morals and religion. He always showed a high moral character, but toward the close of his life he became interested in religion and joined the Roman Catholic Church. He died in 183,7 and was buried m the old graveyard at Kaskaskia. William Morrison ' s brother, Robert, came west some years later. His wife was one of the most remarkable women who lived in Illinois. She came of a wealthy and cultured family m Baltimore. Nature gave her a romantic turn of mind and for this reason she accompanied her brother. Col- onel Donaldson, to St. Louis m 180 ' ;. He was a commissioner to investigate land titles. Here she met and married Robert Morrison, after which her home was in Kaskaskia. She was well-educated, a classic scholar, and possessed great energy of mind. Her deUght was in the field of poetry. Her verses were considered by critics to be hr above medium, and many of them belonged in the higher order of poetry. She trans- lated the Psalms of David into English verse; and she wrote for the scientific publications of Mr. Walsh in Philadelphia. Her pen was never idle. Her contributions to periodicals were numerous and highly prized. Her assistance was fre- quently enlisted by the politicians of the day, and at the request of her political friends, she formulated many memor- ials and petitions to Congress and to the President, all of which were chaste and classic in their composition and at the same time sound in their appeal to the government. For this class of writing she was very popular with her western friends. She lived to an advanced age and died at Belleville in 1843. She left three sons, all of whom became prominent lawyers. MADAME LA COMPT Another remarkable woman came to Cahokia about the year 1770. She was born of French parents at St. Joseph on Lake Michigan. Her maiden name was La Flamme. Her firs t husband ' s name was St. Ange. He died after a few years and she married Monsieur La Compt, a French-Canadian, at Cahokia, in 1780. From this marriage proceeded one of the largest French families in Illinois. This female pioneer, had the courage and energy of a heroine. She was also blessed with an extraordinary physical constitution. She was scarcely ever sick, tho often exposed in travelling or otherwise to the inclemency of the weather and other hardships which are the common lot of pioneers. After the death of her second husband, she seemed to come into unusual prominence and was one of the most influential women m all the Illinois country. She was exceedingly popular with the Indians. They were her neighbors and friends. She knew the language of many of the tribes. By wise and careful deahngs with these wild men, and by sage counsel to promote their interests, she acquired a great influence over the Pottawatamies, Kick- apoos, and other Indian nations. In the early American settle- ments from 17S1 down to the peace m 1795, this lady pre- vented many an Indian attack on the white population. The Indians often became hostile to the French during the Revo- lutionary War on account of the intrigues of the English since the French had loined Clarke in the conquest of the British garrisons of the west. On many occasions this lady was awakened in the dead hours of the night, by her Indian friends among the hostile warriors, informing her of the in- tended attack, that she might leave Cahokia. The following account given by Governor Reynolds is a good example of the way she warded off Indian raids. One night after receiv- ing a warning she started out to meet some hundreds of warriors who were camped near the Quentine mound at the foot of the blufl near the present French Village. Some of her friends took her on horseback to a point near the Indian camp; then she dismissed her company and proceeded on foot to the Indian camp. No one knew the Indian character better than she. A woman on foot and alone approaching several hundred armed warriors produced a sympathy which she followed up with wise counsels which were well-nigh irre- sistible to the Indians who had such a high opinion of her wisdom and friendship. Early the next morning she W3s seen escorting a band of warriors into the village where the men of the town had their fire arms all ready for defense. But now the program was changed from war to peace. The red paint of the Indians was removed and they were painted Four Hundred and FortyX ' MC KENDREE black to indicate their repentince for the hostile intentions they had entertained in their minds against the friends of Mrs. La Compt. Then the Indians were feasted in the village for days in celebration of the averted warfare. After one of these reconciliations, they would remain peaceful for a good while. Mrs. La Compt ' s Hfe lasted far beyond the usual span. She died in Cahokia in 1843, at the age of one hundred and nine years. Governor Reynolds says he knew this lady per- sonally, and ventures the opinion that her unusual health and longevity was the result of her hardy and frugal mode of living. He thinks the health of more people is injured by walking on fine carpets between the piano and the air-tight stove than by walking on ice and snow in the open air. Another prominent woman was Madame Beaulieu. She was a native cf Illnois, born at St. Phillippe, a village near Fort Chartres. Her father wa s an officer in the French troops named Chouvin. He later settled at Cahokia where his daugh- ter married. Before that, however, she went to Canada and secured a medical education. She was the first woman doctor in Illinois. She was a devout Roman Catholic. Nicholas Jarrot came to Cahokia in 1794, where he resided all the rest of his life. He was a man of intense activity and industry. He came to Cahokia without means, but obtained a small supply of Indian goods and became a trader. In this business he succeeded in amassing a large fortune. Every year he sent a boat load of goods to the upper Mississippi, where such things as the natives needed were bartered for furs and pelts at an immense profit to the trader. He also kept a retail store at Cahokia. For many years he held the offices of Justice of the Peace and Judge of the County Court. He erected in Cahokia a brick house, which, when built, was one of the finest in Illinois. He was a strict and zealous member of the Roman Catholic Church. He died in 1828 and was buried in the old grave yard at Cahokia. In the year 1793 John Hays became a citizen of Cahokia. He was born in New York City in 1770; and while still a young man entered the Indian trade in the Northwest. At one time he and two Canadians were caught in a severe snowstorm on the prairie and were compelled to lie in the snow for three days, with only their blankets for shelter and a little dried meat for food. This is an illustration of what men could endure in those times. After he settled at Ca- hokia he was both a trader and a farmer. For many years he held the office of postmaster, with no profit to himself, but merely to accommodate his neighbors. In 1798 Governor St. Clair appointed him Sheriff of St. Clair County, which office he held until 1818, when the state government was organized. Another prominent citizen, whose name was similar but not the same, was John Hay. He was born in Detroit in 1769 and came to Cahokia in 1793. His father was the last British governor of Upper Canada, and his mother was a lady of French descent, a native of Detroit. In 1797 he mar- ried Miss Margaret Pouport, a beautiful young Creole of Cahokia. Gen. Arthur St. Clair, then governor of the North- west Territory, commissioned him Clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions, Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, Clerk of the Orphans ' Court, and Treasurer of the County of St. Clair. He held these four positions at the same time. He was also at different times Notary Public, Justice of the Peace, Probate Judge, and Recorder. He retained the confi- dence of the people in a rare degree and remained in office thru successive changes of administration till his death. When the county seat was moved to Belleville in 1814, it was a severe blow to Mr. Hay and his family. His duties demanded his presence at the county seat, and yet he was reluctant to leave the French people at Cahokia, to whom he was attached by many years of warm friendship. Jean Francois Perry was born in Lyons, France, of a wealthy and aristocratic family, received a liberal classic education, and studied and practiced law in his own coun- try. The French Revolution caused his emigration to Amer- ica. He formed a partnership with another Frenchman, M. Claudius, to carry on mercantile business, and the two started from Philadelphia for the west They reached Ca- hokui and soon after settled at Prairie Du Pont. A few years later Claudius was killed by accident and Perry bought the old mill site on the Prairie Du Pont creek and built a new mill which he carried on with profit. Near the mill was his dwelling. In the year 1794 he married the beautiful daughter of Jean Saucier, of Cahokia. In a few years he amassed a large fortune. He carried on both the mill and the store, but perhaps the greater part of his fortune was acquired through profitable land speculations. He was a man of unostentitious manners and lived and dressed in true democratic style. He paid due regard to economy and yet displayed much hospi- tality in the entertainment of all classes of people. He was held in high esteem in the community. He was proficient in the use of both the French and English languages and served as Justice of the Peace during almost the whole per- iod of his life after coming to Illinois. Philip Creamer settled a short distance east of Prairie Du Pont in the year 1805. He was born in Maryland and learned the trade of gunsmith at Harper ' s Ferry. He had unusual mechanical genius. In those times it was a proverb among the settlers, He is as sure as a Creamer lock. He lived to a good old age. Foi.T- Hundred and Fi l: Earliest Settlements of the country were so thor- oughly French that up to the beginning of the nine- teenth century only one American settlement was to be found within the limits of the present St. Clair County. This was the Turkey Hill colony, numbering about twenty people. A little later a number of American families settled in Ridge Prairie, west of O ' Fallon. Soon the log cabin of the pioneer made its appearance beyond Silver Creek and in a few years more every part of the county was brought under the domain of the adventurous frontiersman. It seems appropriate to mention some of these vaHant leaders who did their share in taking the country for civilization. Turkey Hill IS a beautiful eminence a few miles southeast of Belle- ville. Tradition says that the Tamaroa Indians once had a large town on this hill, and that the Great Spirit sent an old Indian, a wise and good man, with seeds of all good vegetables, such as corn, beans, peas, and potatoes, and that he taught the Indians how to plant them. He also advised them to be peaceful and never to go to war. As long as this counsel was followed, the Tamaroas did well and were a happy and prosperous people. But at last they disregarded the sage instruction and disaster followed. William Scott, the first American settler in Turkey Hill, was born in Virginia of Irish parents, in the year 174s. He grew up and was married in his native state. All his children, six sons and one daughter, were born m Virgini.i. He then moved to Kentucky, and in 1797 he moved with his family to Illinois and became a permanent resident. The family included, besides his six sons, his daughter, Elizabeth and son-in-law, Franklin Jarvis. They made the journey by wagon from Fort Massac on the Ohio River to the New Design settlement, where they arrived late in the fall. About Christmas they located at Turkey Hill and made the begin- ning of what afterward became a prosperous community of white people. Scott located several claims in the present counties of Monroe and St. Clair, one of which included Turkey Hill, where he established his home. Jarvis, the son- in-law settled a little further north, at the foot of the hill. At the time the Scotts came to Turkey Hill the Indians were numerous in the vicinity. Some of them hunted and lived near him for most of the year, but exhibited only a friendly spirit. The Kickapoos were the nearest neighbors. Mr. Scott ' s large family of sons were of assistance in enabling him to sustain himself in a location so far in advance of other white CHAPTER V. Early American Settlers of St. Clair County settlers. Eventually they all married and settled in the neigh- borhood and the family resided together for many years in that part of the county. He was known far and near as ' Turkey Hill Scott. He was a man of high character, and for many years a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He possessed sound judgment and much practical experience, and was ambitious for neither wealth nor worldly distinction. He served some years as Justice of the Peace. Toward the close of his life, after t he business of making a living ceased to occupy so much of his time, he turned his attention to books and study and passed his advanced years m the pleas- ures of meditation and reflection. He was intelligent and communicative, and was fond of discoursing on philosophical subjects. He died in Shiloh Valley in the year 1828, at the age of eighty-four. His sons became useful citizens, and many of his descendants still reside in the county. Joseph Scott, one of the sons of William, began the manu- facture of powder in the year 1809, four miles and a half east of Belleville. For many years he furnished the best pow- der made in the west. He supplied the rangers in the War of 1812. He procured the nitre which he used in its manu- facture from the caves on the Gasconade River in Missouri. He spent much time during the winter months exploring that country, then filled with Indians, with Joseph Dixon as his sole companion. The next year, after William Scott and family started the Turkey Hill settlement, Hosea Rigg, Samuel Shook, and some others joined them there. By 1800 there were about twenty persons living in the settlement. Hosea Rigg came from Kentucky and settled first m the American Bottom in 1796. But after two years he moved to Turkey Hill. He was born in West Virginia in 1760 and had been a soldier in the Revolutionary War. He was deeply interested in Methodism. He was an exhorter and later a local preacher in the Methodist Church. In 1803, he went to Kentucky to attend the Western Conference and solicit a preacher for the Illinois country. Rev. Benjamin Young was sent. Rigg lived in St. Clair County until his death in October, 1841, at eighty-one years of age. At that time he was said to be the oldest man in the county. Among the other American settlers were Samuel Shook, George Stout, Moses and Jacob Short, and Joseph Carr. The Shook family was from Virginia. They located about a mile from the home of William Scott. Samuel Shook was a good farmer and a useful citizen. He died in the year 1827. MC KENDREE :: : .,, .,.: The Short brothers were sons of John Short, who came from Kentucky and died soon after setthng in Illinois. Jacob Short was a man of some influence. He was captain of a company of rangers during the War of 1812, and was also elected to the Legislature under the territorial government. In his later years he moved to Morgan County. Moses Short for a number of years held the office of Justice of the Peace, and also served against the Indians in his brother ' s company of rangers. He is said to have built the first hand mill in that part of the country. The Carr family, Joseph, Henry, Conrad, and Abner, settled in Turkey Hill Prairie, two or three miles to the southeast of the original settlement, m 1803. They were from Virginia, and before commg to this locality had lived for a time in the New Design settlement in Monroe County. Joseph Carr died in the year 1817 and his sons lived in the same neighborhood for many years after. David Phillips became a resident of the county in the year iBoj. He was born in Orange County, North Carolina, in 1755. After serving thru the Revolutionary War, he moved with his family to Kentucky in the year 1800. After three years he emigrated to Illinois and settled on Richland Creek, a short distance south of the present city of Belleville. He was a natural mechanic and possessed great genius for working in wood. It was said that he could make anything that was to be made of wood from a fiddle to a farm wagon. He supplied his neighbors with furniture and implements of many kinds. A chair made by him over a century ago is still in the possession of one of his descendants now living in Belleville. In the year 1806 the settlements were increased by the arrival of the families of Elijah Rittenhouse, Isaac Quick, and John Woods. The Rittenhouse family settled on Turkey Hill, which up to that time had been occupied only by William Scott. There were four sons in the family, Cornelius, Peter, William, and Elijah. The elder Rittenhouse enter- tained the idea that his location would be an ideal place for the county seat when its removal from Cahokia was agitated. He laid out his farm in town lots and invited the cooperation of the county authorities, but eventually the site of Belleville was chosen instead. He served as constable and was a good and loyal citizen. Issac Quick had a son, Moses, who was an enterprising young man. In company with Major Jacob Short he built a flat boat, below the present town of New Athens, which was loaded with beef cattle and successfully floated down to New Orleans. This is said to have been the first flat boat that ever navigated the Okaw River. John Woods and John Jarvis, a brother of Franklin Jarvis, both settled in the Turkey Hill community, in the year 1806. After that year there were no considerable additions to the settlement for some time. It was considered one of the best in the county and was generally composed of good, honest and industrious citizens. The Scott family was connected with the Methodist Church, while the Shorts and Carrs were Baptists. Baptist meetings were held one month at the home of Squire Moses Short, and the next at Joseph Carr ' s house. One of the earliest Baptist preachers was the Rev. Joseph Chance. In the years 1801 and 1802, settlements were made south- west of Belleville by John Teter, Abraham Eyman, William Miller, Martin Randleman and Daniel Stookey. The founders of this colony were of Pennsylvania Dutch descent, and were industrious, moral upright citizens. Stookey and Eyman, in company with some others, came to Illinois in 1796 to explore the country, with a view to selecting a future location for their families. Traversing the country in the vicinity of the present city of Belleville, Stookey and Eyman selected the locations where afterward they settled in the prairie west and southwest of Belleville. Abraham Eyman brought his family to Illinois the next year. He first lived in the American Bottom, near Piggott ' s Station, then moved to New Design, and in the spring of the year 1801 settled four miles west of Belleville. He was a good citizen and once represented the county in the Legislature. He died in the neighborhood where he settled. He was preceded a few months by John Teter, who had a house already built when Eyman arrived. Teter once served as County Commissioner. Daniel Stookey, who was a brother-in-law of Eyman, came to the county in 1802 and settled on what is now the Stookey farm, two miles west of Belleville. He died in i8j5, leaving nine children. John Primm, a native of Stafford County, Virginia, came to Illinois in the year 1803, and about a year afterward settled seven miles west of Belleville. In 1817 he moved to a new location three miles southwest of the county seat. He died in 1836, at the age of eighty-seven. For a time he carried the mail between Cahokia and Edwardsville. In August, 1814, one of his sona, while carrying mail from Cahokia to Clinton Hill, was struck by lightning in the Derush hollow. He and his horse were both instantly killed. His body was burnt black by the electricity. Mr. Primm had been a soldier in the Revolutionary War and was pres- ent at the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktovvn. During Hundred and Fi tv-Tu MC KENDREE the Litter part ot his life he received a Federal pension. The year 1802 was marked by general prosperity of the colonists in Illinois. Accessions were made to the population and new settlements were formed. THE OGLE FAMILY Prominent among the pioneers was the Ogle family. Cap- tain Joseph Ogle was born m Virginia in 1741. He command ed a company of Virginia troops during the Revolutionary War, holding his commission from Governor Patrick Henry. He came to Illinois in 1785 and first settled in what is now Monroe County. In 1802 he moved to Ridge Prairie and located a short distance west of where O ' Fallon now stands. He is said to have been the first Methodist in Illinois. During the early years of his residence here he took part m several Indian fights. In May, 1791, John Dempsey was attacked by the Indians, but escaped. Captain Ogle and his son, Benjamin, were two of the eight who went in pursuit of the Indians. The others were Captain Nathaniel Hull, James Lemen, James Ryan, William Bryson, John Porter, and Daniel Roper. The Indians were double the number of the Whites. A hot battle was fought m the timber at the big spring in Monroe County, not far east of the road which ran from Waterloo to Whiteside Station, which was about midway between the present towns of Waterloo and Columbia. A running fight was kept up till dark, from tree to tree, the Indians running and the whites pursuing. Five Indians were killed, but the whites all escaped unharmed. Captain Ogle died on his farm in Ridge Prairie in 1821, at the age of eighty. He left several children, and many of his descendants are still in St. Clair County. Benjamin Ogle, his oldest son, took part in several of the early Indian contests, in one of which he was wounded. He lived on a farm near the present town of O ' Fallon, and died at a good old age. Another son, Joseph, married Lucmda PuUiam, daughter of John PuUiam, in 1804. They lived on a farm east of O ' Fal- lon. He served in the Blackhawk War, He died in 1846. Still another son, Jacob, married Elizabeth Teter and set- tled west of O ' Fallon. He was a man of considerable intelli- gence and popularity and served for a number of years as Justice of the Peace. He and the Rev. James Lemen built a mill for grinding wheat and corn. This mill was situated on Ogle ' s creek, three miles north of O ' Fallon and was run by water power. Owing to the scant supply of water, the milling business was carried on for only a short time. Later he had a mill on his farm which was run by horse power. Of the daughters of Captain Ogle, Nancy married Larkin Rutherford, Prudence was the wife of Peter Casterline, Drusilla married William Porter, Polly bec.ime the wife of General J.imes Moore, and Jemima married the Rev. Charles Matheny, a resident of St. Clair County and a member of the Methodist ministry. He afterward moved to Springfield, where he occupied several responsible public positions. Among the settlers in Ridge Prairie were Robert, Joseph, and James Lemen, sons of the Rev. James Lemen, one of the pioneer Baptist preachers of Illinois. James Lemen, Senior, was born m Berkley County, Vir- ginia, m the year 1760. He served two years m the war of the Revolution, after which he went to the vicinity of Wheeling, West Virginia, where he married Catharine Ogle, an older daughter of Captain Joseph Ogle. He came to Illinois m 1786, the year after his father-in law. His trip to the new country was an eventful one. He came down the Ohio River with his family and household goods on a flat boat. One night while the boat was tied to the shore, the river fell considerably, and the boat lodging on a stump, was over- turned and sunk, and thus all his provisions and goods were lost. His oldest son, Robert, then three years old, floated out in the stream on the bed on which he lay. By strenuous effort he was rescued and his life was saved. Notwithstanding this discouraging misfortune, the family proceeded on their journey, and arrived at Kaskaskia, July 10, 1786, and shortly afterward settled at New Design, in the present county of Monroe. In after years he was a citizen of prominence and usefulness. He served in the office of Justice of the Peace and County Judge. He was also a prominent religious leader among the Baptists. His religious labors are referred to elsewhere. Robert Lemen, the oldest son of James, was reared at New Design. In the year 1805 he married Hester Tolin, and settled m Ridge Prairie, about four miles north of where O ' Fallon now IS. Under the administration of John Quincy Adams he acted as Marshall for the State of Illinois. He also served as Justice of the Peace. In early times he acted as clerk of the Richland Baptist Church, and he was an original member of the Bethel Church, organized in 1809, of which he was clerk until 184 ). He died in i860. Rev. Joseph Lemen was born in September, 178 ' ;, and was less than a year old when the family came to Illinois. He became a minister of the Baptist Church and settled in Ridge Prairie, north of the site of O ' Fallon, and near his brother, Robert. His wife was Mary Kinney, the youngest daughter of Joseph Kinney, and a sister of William Kinney, Four Hundred and Fifty-Three who was once Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois. It is said that she went to school and learned to read and write after she was married, but these educational efforts did not hinder her from rearing a large and respectable family. Joseph Lemen was active in ministerial labors. He travelled over this part of the country extensively, and organized a number of Baptist churches. He died in 1861. Rev. James Lemen, Jr., was born in the New Design settlement, in 1787, and received a good education for that time, under the instruction of Rev. John Clark, who was one of the most active and useful of the pioneer preachers of Illinois. Mr. Lemen was said to be the first ordained preacher in Illinois, born in the territory. He married Mary Pulliam in 1813, and settled in Ridge Prairie. He was a member of the Territorial Legislature at Kaskaskia, and also filled the same oflBce after the organization of the state govern- ment. Twice he was a member of the state senate. He was also a member of the convention which framed the first constitu- tion of the state. He died in February, 1870. It should be mentioned that one cause of the removal of the Ogle and Lemen families to Illinois was their opposition to slavery. This was also the case with a number of other prominent families of the county who came at a later date. At that early day, half a century before there was any general agitation of the question, they became opposed to the system, liberated their slaves, and moved to a place where they be- lieved they would be forever free from the curse of slavery. JOHN PULLIAM John Pulliam who emigrated to Illinois in 1795 was the head of a large family, many of the descendants of whom are still to be found living in the county. He was born in Virginia and removed to Kentucky immediately after the Revolution- ary War, and came to the New Design settlement a few years later. In 1797 he crossed into Missouri and settled at Floris- sant, west of St. Louis. Two years later he returned to Illinois and lived for a time in the northern part of Randolph county. From there he moved to what is now Monroe county and established a farm home on the Prairie Du Long Creek, in 1802. He sold this farm in 1808 and moved to another location on the Kaskaskia river near the present site of Fayetteville in St. Clair county. Here he finished his varied career and died in the year 1812. His nine children were Robert, Nancy, Elizabeth, John, Lucinda, James, Thomas, Ruth and Mary. Several of these lived and died in St. Clair county. Nancy married William Lot Whitesides, who shortly after 1800 settled three miles east of Belleville. John Pulliam settled near the present city of Belleville at an early day. Lucinda became the wife of Joseph Ogle, son of Captain Joseph Ogle. James Pulliam who was about nine years of age when he came with the family to Illinois, married Judith Whitesides and settled two miles east of Belleville. He was a well-informed man for his day, and an able Baptist preacher. He was liberal in his support to religious and educational institutions. He died in i8 ' ;4- THOMAS PULLIAM Thomas Pulliam became a minister in the Methodist Church, but was also a farmer. He was the founder of the present town of Fayetteville where he was hving at the time of his death in 1852. Mary the youngest daughter of John Pulliam was about a year old when she came with the family to lUinois. Her mother died when she was but a child and she was reared by her sister Nancy, the wife of William Lot Whitesides, who lived east of Belleville. In December, 1813, she became the wife of Rev. James Lemen, Jr., previously mentioned. They established their home on Ridge Prairie where she died in 1876 at the age of eighty -one, having spent eighty years of her long hfe in St. Clair county. LARKEN RUTHERFORD Larken Rutherford was one of the soldiers under Colonel Clark who took part in the conquest of Illinois. He was a large man of athletie frame and was bold and fearless. He re- turned to Illinois in 1781 in company with James Moore, Shadrach Bond, Robert Kidd and James Garrison. This was the first colony of American families to settle in Illinois. Moore and Rutherford chose a location near Bellefontaine, a short distance southwest of the present town of Waterloo in Monroe county. Bond, Kidd and Garrison settled in the Bottom. Soon after 1800, Rutherford moved to St. Clair county and settled north of Belleville. He was a good citizen and a zealous member of the Baptist Church. WILLIAM BIGGS One of the gallant soldiers of Colonel Clark who lived a long and eventful life in Illinois was William Biggs. He was born in Maryland in 1755. At the age of twenty-three, he enlisted as a soldier in the Revolutionary War and became a member of Clark ' s famous expedition. He was hardy, energet- ic and brave. He withstood the perils and hairbreadth escapes incident to the Clark campaign with the heroism of a veteran warrior. He received no bounty in land in the grant made to Clark and his soldiers, but later the Congress of the United States, recognizing the valuable services rendered to the colonies by Lieutenant Biggs, granted him in the year 1826 three sections of land. This was tardy justice rendered so late in life that it could be of little use to him for he was then Four Hundred and FxftyFour IMC KENDREE seventy years of age. But it was no doubt a great satisfaction to him that the U. S. Government had finally recognized his eminent service. Soon after the close of the war he went back to his old home in the east and married a wife who formerly lived in Virginia. Soon after his marriage he, with his two brothers, emigrated to Illinois and settled at Bellefontaine. In the spring of 1788 he and a neighbor named Vallis started one morning on horseback to take a supply of beaver fur which they had caught to Cahokia to market They were proceeding along the road which is now route three of the Illinois road system, but at that time much of the way was a trail through the wood, tho the main road to Cahokia. When they were near Piggot ' s Fort in the Bottom, they heard the report of two guns. Biggs supposed the shots to be fared by some hunters, but in a few minutes they saw sixteen Indians armed with guns. Biggs and Vallis immediately whipped up their horses, but It was too late. The Indians fired a volley at them and several of the bullets took effect, tho it might have been ex- pected that both the men and horses would be killed imme- diately, yet It did not so happen. Vallis ' horse carried him to the Fort with a severe wound of which he died after lingering six weeks. Biggs ' horse was shot dead and four bullets went thru the rider ' s coat but he himself did not re- ceive a single wound. Abandoning his horse and his furs he started to run. But with his winter over coat and boots he was not equipped for racing and the Indians soon caught him and made him prisoner. When Vallis reached the Fort, signal guns were fired to alarm the community, and the Indians hearing it began a hurried march to get away with their prisoner. They started on a run and kept their prisoner going at that gait for five or six miles. They were Kickapoos and started at once for their village called Weastown on the Wabash river, a long distance above Vincennes. They trav- elled about forty miles the first day and that seems a good record for travellers on foot with no well-established road. They must have passed near where the towns of Belleville and Lebanon are now, but at that time there was not even a settlement at either place. The whole distance was some- where about three hundred miles but they reached the village in ten days, with their prisoner. One of the Indians tried to kill Biggs, but the others seeming to have in mind a large ransom which they hoped to obtain kept the prisoner safe and killed the Indian who seemed to want to deprive them of the benefit of their successful capture. The Indians were rather severe in their treatment of him and tied him at night so securely that he had no chance of escape. Biggs was a fine specimen of physical manhood and unusually handsome. His manly beauty had its attraction for the feminine portion of this group of untutored savages. He claims that several of the Indian Belles of the Wabash offered him their hearts m wedlock, but he, hoping to return some time to his fimily remained true to the wife who was suffering the agonies of uncertainty as to the f ite of her husband for she only knew that the Indians had carried him off and she had no means of knowing whether he was dead or alive. But he had been in the camp only a short time when negotiations were begun at Vincennes for his ransom. These negotiations were carried on partly by John Rice Jones, who is mentioned elsewhere in this history and was then hving at Vincennes. An agree- ment was finally reached by which the Indians received the equivalent of two hundred and sixty dollars for the freedom of the prisoner, besides which Biggs had to promise thirty- seven dollars more for the means necessary to accomplish the journey back to Bellefontaine. He went down the Wabash in a canoe to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi and up that river to Kaskaskia, whence he had only a few miles to travel overland to reach his home. His return to his family can better be imagined than described. They had mourned him as dead. At that day there was no way of sending word that he was coming so he walked unannounced one day into this grief-stricken home and brought hope and happiness and restored lasting-good cheer to his loved ones who had been sitting in the shadow of a great sorrow. Years afterward Mr. Biggs wrote an account of his experiences in captivity and had It published in the year 1826. In 1790 when St. Clair county was organized. Governor St. Clair appointed him sheriff, and he held the office for many years, as the records testify. He had received a common school education which had been supplemented by much experience including the dangers of war and pioneer life. He was popular with his fellow citizens and was twice elected to represent St. Clair County in the Legislature of the North West Territory. At the time when he and Shadrach Bond were serving together in Clark ' s expe- dition they said in a joke one day that they would like to represent this country in the legislature. Twelve years later their dreams were realized for they were both members of the first General Assembly of the North West Territory. Biggs also served as Justice of the Peace and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, for many years and made a pafe and accept ' able officer of Justice. In 1808 he was elected to the Legisla- ture of the Indiana Territory, and helped to secure the divi- sion of the Territory which was effected in the following year. In 181 i Biggs was elected to the Legislature of the Four Hundred and F. tv-Fu Illinois Territory and held the office for four years. He made a solid and useful member of the Legislative Body as long as he was a member. Few men have had the good fortune to live in an age when they had so many opportunities to serve their fellow-men as he had. But in all these years of public service he did not allow his private interests to interfere with his duties to his country. He was never wealthy, but pos- sessed only a reasonable competence. Towards the close of his life he engaged in an enterprise of manufacturing salt on Silver Creek within the present limits of Madison county. He died in 1827, at the home of Colonel Judy, an aged and well-respected pioneer of the first county of the great state of Illinois. GEORGE BLAIR George Blair came to Illinois in 1796. He first lived between the old Whitesides station and the town of Waterloo, m the present county of Monroe, and had a distillery there. He was appointed sheriff of St. Clair county and held that office for several years. In 1802, he moved with his family to the site of the present city of Belleville where he owned two hundred acres of land. On his land the town of Belleville was located in 1814. He is said to have suggested the name Belleville for the new town and county seat. The Sugar Loaf tract of land south of Cahokia near the Monroe county line was first improved by George Lunceford and Samuel Judy. Shortly after the year 1800, Judy sold out to Lunceford and went to Madison county where he spent the remainder of his life. The Sugar Loaf was a well-known land mark in the early settlement of the country. A small mound rises on top of the rocky bluff. In early times a peach tree stood on the summit of the mound which had the reputation of never failing to bear fruit. Its resemblance to a sugar loaf gives the name to the place. It is about five miles south of Cahokia. WILLIAM KINNEY Among the distinguished citizens of St. Clair county m the early days was William Kinney, who was elected Lieu- tenant-Governor of the state in 1826. He was born in Ken- tucky in 1781 and in 1793 came with his father Joseph Kinney to the New Design settlement in Monroe county. He was gay and social in his disposition and a leader in the festivities and amusements then common on the frontier. He inherited a strong well-balanced mind and sound judgment. He had a retentive memory and boundless energy and activity, but his opportunities for school training were very limited. It is said that he went to school regularly only three months. After he was married at nineteen, he received private instruction in the common branches from John Messinger. For a short time he attended a school located at the junction of the Collinsville road with the Belleville and Lebanon plank road, which was held in a log house with a wooden chimney without ceiling or windows and without a glass in the house. The floor was of puncheons and the door made of clap boards. With this foundation and a large inheritance of native intelligence and energy, he became a well-informed man and was one of the most influential characters of his day. He possessed a fund of wit, excelled in satire and sarcasm, was always ready with a pertinent and appropriate anecdote, while his sound judg- ment and accurate knowledge of human nature taught him how to use these gifts in the most effective manner. At the time of his marriage he was practically destitute of worldly goods, and had little disposition to accumulate property. But he soon adopted a more sober and industrious course of con- duct. In the year 1803 he settled on a beautiful eminence a few miles northeast of Belleville and devoted himself ener- getically to the task of improving his farm and making a desirable home. In this undertaking he was ably assisted by his wife, who was an excellent and amiable woman. The sur- plus produce from his farm he sold in Cahokia or St. Louis. One day a merchant in St. Louis named Von Phul persuaded Kinney to take a few articles of merchandise home with him and try to sell them, promising that if he could not sell them he might return them. After some hesitation Kinney took the goods, consisting of a few bolts of cotton cloth which he carried on his horse from St. Louis to his farm. At that time he could barely write, and knew nothing whatever of bookkeeping, but his strong natural talents enabled him to invent a system of bookkeeping of his own. With this humble beginning he embarked in a prosperous business career, in which he acquired a large fortune. He also traded in lands, as well as in merchandise, and in everything was successful. He erected a comfortable house which was almost always crowded with his friends, and in which he exercised an un- sparing hospitality. In 1809 he joined the Baptist Church. He was later authorized to preach the gospel, and became a distinguished and influential Baptist minister. After reaching middle life he entered the field of politics. He was a staunch and uncompromising Democrat, and at all times maintained the doctrines of his party with sincere enthusiasm. He was elected a member of the first general assembly after the organ- ization of the state government and assisted in putting the political machinery of the state in operation. He was several times subsequently chosen to represent St. Clair County in the State Legislature, and always acquitted himself with credit as an efficient business member. In 1826 he was a candidate for Lieutenant-Governor against Samuel H. Thomp ' Foi.r Hundred and FxftySu son, a minister in the Methodist Church. Both candidates were good men, with character .ihove reproach, hut Mr. Thompson had scruples about electioneering and refused as a matter of conscience to make any effort to secure votes, therefore the strange result of the election was that Ninian Edwards was elected Governor, as a representative of the Whig party, William Kinney was elected Lieutenant-Gover- nor from the Democratic party. In 1830 Kinney was a can- didate for Governor, in opposition to John Reynolds, of Belleville. Both were Democrats, but Kinney was supported by the ultra-Democrats, or followers of Andrew Jackson, while Reynolds was fiivored by the more conservative ele- ments in the Democratic party, and also received in general the vote of the Whigs, who preferred his election to that of such an uncompromising Democrat as Kinney. The campaign was a spirited one and resulted in the election of Reynolds. During the administration of President Jackson, Mr. Kinney had much political influence in the west, and was regarded as the chief representative m Illinois of the straight-out Jackson party. Toward the close of his life he was appointed Commissioner of Internal Improvements, a position which gave him much trouble and caused serious injury to his pri- vate fortune. He died in 1843 on his farm where he had lived for forty years. This place later became the home of Hon. James L. D. Morrison, who erected on it a residence which m grandeur might almost rank with some of the baronial castles of the old world, and called it Glen Addie. In recent years it has become the property of the Catholic Church, and the commodious buildings and grounds are util- ized as an orphanage. JOHN MESSINGER John Messinger, who was an early settler at Clinton Hill, two and a half miles north of Belleville, kept the first post office in the county outside of Cahokia. Messinger was an accomplished surveyor and surveyed a large portion of the land in this and adjoining counties. He was born m West Stockbridge, Massachusetts, in 1771. He was raised on a farm and was taught the science and practice of agriculture, and at the same time was able to secure a good education. He was particularly fond of the study of mathematics. In 1783 he removed to Vermont and learned the carpenter ' s trade and also became a millwright. He had a high degree of energy and activity and much aptitude for mechanical pursuits, but It is said that in his maturer life his chief delight was found in the science of mathematics and the various branches arising out of it. His whole life seemed to be tinctured with mathematics and for many years he was believed to be the most profound mathematician and the best l.md surveyor in Illinois. He came to Kentucky in 1799, and from there to New Design, where he lived a few years and then settled permanently at Clinton Hill. There were few men m the country at that time as well educated as he. He was an excellent English scholar and gave instruc tion m surveying to a number of young men who had no other opportunity for education in this line. He was one of the surveyors who, m 1806, surveyed this section of the state into townships. He surveyed much of the public domain m both St. Clair and Randolph Counties. He wrote and published m 1821 a book entitled, A Manual or Hand-Book of Practical Surveying. It is claimed that he taught math- ematics m Dr. Peck ' s Seminary at Rock Spring. In 181 i he was made a deputy under the Surveyor-Genenil of Ohio, with authority to survey the military tract m the forks of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers. He did survey much of this tract. Later he was appointed to assist m the survey of the northern limits of this state, and he made a part of the astronomical and mathematical calculations by which the line dividing the states of Illinois and Wisconsin was located. He and Philip Creamer, whose skill as a mechanic has already been referred to, made surveyors ' compasses that were as well calculated and as well finished in workman- ship as any made in the United States. He did not care to take any part in political affairs, but was several times pre- vailed upon to represent St. Clair County in the Legislature. He was a member of the convention that met at Kaskaskia and framed the first constitution of Illinois. He was also a member of the first general assembly of this state, which convened in 1818, and on its organization was elected speaker of the House of Representatives. His death occurred in the year 1846. He had no enemies, but a large number of friends mourned his departure. THE BADGLEYS The Badgleys, who were among the early settlers of St. Clair County, are the descendants of Anthony Badgley, of New Jersey, who later settled in Virginia and died there about 1800. Rev. David Badgley, a Baptist preacher, visited Illinois in 1796. He preached in the New Design settlement and founded there the first Baptist church in Illinois. He also visited Missouri, and on his return from there he preached a sermon from a rock in the Mississippi River, the people gathering to hear him from either shore. This was a most unique way of dispensing the gospel. Returning to Virginia, he gave such a favorable account of the country that his sons and a number of other people decided to emi ' Four Hundred and FiftySei grate to Illinois. The colony which came to Illinois at that time included a large number of families, among whom were the Teters, Carrs, Millers, Strouds, and Eymans. They floated down the Ohio River from Brownsville, Pennsyl- vania, to Shawneetown, and thence made their way across the country to Kaskaskia, where they arrived on July 4, 1797. Their journey across Southern Illinois was full of difficulties. Nothing but an Indian trail at that time led from Shawneetown to Kaskaskia. They were compelled to swim streams swollen with recent rains. Their household goods, with the women and children, were ferried over on temporary rafts. No trace of a white man was seen till they reached Kaskaskia. They saw animals running off in the distance which they thought to be buffalo. David Badgley settled in the American Bottom, west of Moredock Lake, in the present county of Monroe, in the year 1797, but after a few years, he moved in 1804 to a place a few miles north of Belleville, where he improved the farm on which he spent the remainder of his life and died December 16, 1824, at the age of seventy -six. Anthony Badgley, a younger brother of David, came with him from Virginia and settled first at New Design, but about the same time that David moved to St. Clair County, he also came and the two brothers settled near each other a few miles north of Belleville, in the year 1804. At that time he built a log house which was for many years a well-known land mark in the country. One of his sons, Hiram, was a soldier in the war of 1812. His son, Simeon, lived on the same farm where his father settled until his death, near the close of the nineteenth century. Aaron Badgley, one of the sons of David, came with the original colony to Illinois in 1797 and settled in Horse Prairie, west of Red Bud. There his wife and two children died. In 1800 he married Catherine Stroud and settled on the bluff south of Waterloo. But in 1804 he moved to the neighborhood of the other Badgleys, north of Belleville. In 1812 he became a ranger and was an orderly sergeant thru Edward ' s cam- paign. On his return he visited Virginia in company with his father, but coming back to Illinois he rejoined the army under Captain Stuntz and served till peace was declared. In 1830 he was chosen Justice of the Peace, and afterwards reelected. He and his son, Adam, hauled the first goods from Belleville to Springfield for Governor Edwards. It was in winter and they were obliged to sleep out on the prairie and came near perishing with cold and exposure. Aaron Badgley died in 1858 at the age of eighty-five. His wife survived him several years and died at ninety-one. His three sons, Elijah, Adam, and Strander all lived to a good old age in St. Clair County. Aaron Badgley s four brothers, Ichabod, David, Job, and Abraham, all sons of Rev. David Badgley, were among the early pioneers of the Illinois coun- try. Ichabod had a farm north of Belleville, and served as Justice of the Peace; David was killed by accident while riding horse back; Job built an ox mill near Unity Church; and Abraham repeatedly held the office of Assessor, Treas- urer, and County Commissioner. THE HARRISON FAMILY Among the early settlers connected with the development of manufacturing interests m the county is the Harrison family. Thomas Harrison was born m South Carolina in 1779. His father emigrated to North Carolina and later came with some others to Illinois, arriving in July, 1804, and settled about four miles southwest of Belleville. Here he improved his farm, and in 181J erected a cotton gin, which was one of the first in Illinois. It was propelled by horse power. At that time a considerable amount of cotton was raised in lUinois, but the price became so low that both the gin and the cotton business were abandoned. It is claimed that the first cotton gin in the Illinois country was built by James Gilbreath, who settled on Silver Creek where it IS crossed by the road from Belleville to Shawneetown. Mr. Harrison afterward purchased an ox-tread mill in Belleville: then built a small steam mill, and then later a larger one which finally burnt, and with it more than sixty thousand bushels of wheat. It was a heavy loss but did not discourage him. His unfailing enterprise gave the first impulse of growth to the milling interests of Belleville, which afterwards became very important. His descendants are still largely connected with the manufacturing interests of the town. A farming community was started near the mouth of Silver Creek when Abraham Teter, his sister, Mrs. Shook, and Peter Mitchell settled there in 1804. Mitchell after- wards served as Justice of the Peace and County Commis- sioner. Another settlement on Silver Creek was made by the Bradsby family about three miles north of the present town of Lebanon, at the edge of Looking Glass Prairie. Wil- liam H. Bradsby, the oldest son, came from Kentucky with two other young men and raised a crop of corn in the spring of 1804 on the land which they entered. The rest of the family followed them from Kentucky in the fall. Mr. Bradsby taught school for several years. In 1806 he had a school in the American Bottom, almost west of the present town of Col ' linsville. The next year he taught in the Turkey Hill settle- ment. His two sons, William H. and James, were in the ranger service during the War of 1812, and made good sol ' Four Hundred and Fi tv-Ei MC KENDREE diers. William H. returned to Kentucky and qualified himself for the practice ot medicine and then came back to Illinois. He was elected to the Territorial Legislature m 1814. He was a resident ot Washington County when it was organized and filled a number of public offices in that county. Among the settlers on Silver Creek was Thomas Higgms. His name deserves a place in history for his heroic adventure with the Indians m 1814 ,it a block house on Shoal Creek, about eight miles south of the present town of Greenville. This story is told in another chapter. Higgms was related to the Bradsbys and settled near them north of Lebanon on com- ing to Illinois. Abraham Varner settled east ot Belleville about the year 1804. He established himself in the blacksmithing business on the main road leading from Vincennes to Cahokia and St. Louis. His shop was four miles east ot Belleville. RISDON MOORE Risdon Moore was one of the early settlers and one of the prominent citizens of St. Clair County in the early day. He was born m Sussex County, Delaware, Nov. 20, 1760. He was the son of Charles and Mary Cooper Moore. At the beginning of the Revolutionary War, the father and three sons, William, Thomas, and Risdon enlisted in the colonial service in 1776. Thomas was killed in battle, William was captured and died on a prison ship at New York, but Risdon went thru the war unharmed. The father served thru the war and became paymaster before its close. The Moores had been engaged in the carrying trade on the high seas. Their three vessels were captured during the war and they were financially ruined. After the Revolutionary War the family, attracted by the stories of new lands being opened up in Georgia, sent Risdon on horseback to explore them. The next year, 1790, the family moved to Hancock County, Georgia, where they remained for twenty-two years. On his way to Georgia, Risdon had visited the home of a cousin at Guilford Court House, North Carolina, where he met Anna Dent, daughter of Colonel William Dent and Virlina Bell, natives of Maryland. In 1790, as the family were on the way to Georgia to make their home, Risdon Moore and Anna Dent were united in marriage at Guilford Court House. They reared a family of nine children. Moore engaged in farming during his twenty -two years ' stay m Georgia. He was quite successful and acquired several large plantations. He was also active in the political life of Georgia, and served two terms as a member of the Legislature. He was an ardent opponent of the institution of slavery, and because he saw no prospect of its abolition at any near date, he decided to leave his Georgia home and move to some tree state. Ac- cordingly, in 1811, he sent his son to the Northwest Terri- tory to find a suitable home for the family on free soil. The result ot that quest was the determination to locate m the Illinois Territory, and the son selected the beautiful Shiloh Valley as the most desirable location. They came to Illinois m the spring of 1812, a company of thirty three persons, seventeen white people and sixteen negroes, for they brought their slaves with them, in order that they might set them free. He purchased land of John Jarvis and settled on the farm four miles east of Belleville, where he spent the re- maining sixteen years of his eventful life. His death occurred in 1828, when he was seventy years of age. Mr. Moore served two terms in the Territorial Legislature and three after Illinois became a state. The enduring services of Mr. Moore to our state relate to the question of slavery. He opposed It with all his might. The following address to the citizens was prepared by him and published in i8i8. The undersigned, happening to meet at the St. Clair Circuit Court, have united m submitting the following address to the friends of freedom in Illinois: Feeling it a duty to those who are sincere in their opposition to the toleration of slavery m this territory, to use all fair and laudable means to effect that object, we therefore beg leave to present to our fellow- citizens at large the sentiments which prevail in this section of our country on that subject. In the counties of Madison and St. Clair, the most populous counties in the territory, a sentiment approaching that of unanimity against it seems to prevail. In the counties of Bond, Washington, and Monroe, a similar sentiment seems also to prevail. We are informed that strong efforts will be made in the convention to give sanction t o that deplorable evil in our state. Lest such should be the result at too late a period for anything like concert to take place among the friends of freedom in trying to defeat It; we therefore earnestly solicit all true friends of freedom in every section of the territory to unite in opposing it, both by the election of a delegate to Congress who will oppose It, and by forming meetings and preparing remon- strances to Congress against it. Indeed so important is this question considered that no exertion of a fair character should he omitted, to defeat the plan of those who wish either a temporary or unlimited slavery. Let us also select men to the Legislature who will unite in remonstrating with the gen- eral government against ratifying such a constitution. At a crisis like this, thinking will not do. Acting is necessary. Signed Risdon Moore, Benjamin Watts, Jacob Ogle, Joshua Four Hioulred and Fi tv. ,ne s Oglesby, William Scott, Sr., William Biggs, George Blair, Charles Matheny, James Garrettson, William Kinney, from St. Clair County. Mr. Moore was a man of strong religious faith. He was a Methodist and during his sixteen years of residence in Illinois was a member of the church at Shiloh, which was organized five years before he came to Illinois and has main- tained a continuous existence up to the present time. Both he and his wife found their last resting place in the beautiful Shiloh Cemetery. In 1925 the Daughters of the American Revolution erected a tablet to his memory, which was un- veiled with suitable ceremonies and an address by Hon. Charles S. Deneen, who is one of the direct descendants of this remarkable man. Wilham Moore was the eldest son of Risdon and carried on well his father ' s reputation for service, efficiency, and loyalty. He was a soldier in the Blackhawk War, with the rank of Captain. He also served in the Legislature and was a local preacher in the Methodist Church. When he died in 1849 he was the President of the Board of Trustees of McKendree College. Another son of Risdon Moore was Jonathan, who married Elizabeth, daughter of George Lunce- ford, and for some time resided on the Sugar Loaf farm, south of Cahokia. In i8jj he purchased his father ' s farm east of Belleville, and in 1850 he moved to Lebanon. He also served in the Blackhawk War and was an officer in the same company of which his brother was Captain. One of his sons was Colonel Risdon Moore, who was Professor of Mathematics in McKendree College at the opening of the Civil War and was the Commander of the McKendree Reg- iment. A further account of him is given in the His tory of McKendree College. One of the daughters of Jonathan Moore, Mrs. Mary Fitzgerald is still living at an advanced age at her home in Lebanon. Another Risdon Moore, very distantly related, if at all, to the one before mentioned, came to St. Clair County in 1817, and settled in the east side of the county, not far from the other Moores. This family were Baptists, instead of Methodists, and like the others, furnished some of the leaders in the community, both pohtically and religiously. One of the sons. Atlas Moore, was for many years a Mis- sionary Baptist preacher, while another, Daniel T., repre- sented St. Clair County in the Legislature. JOHN BEAIRD John Beaird was a prominent citizen of Knox County, Tennessee, which county he represented in the Tennessee Legislature. He was usually selected as leader when the community had trouble with the Indians. He w.is br.ive, energetic, and a successful Indian fighter. He came with his family to Illinois in 1801 and settled four miles from Kas- kaskia. His son, Joseph, lived for some years in Cahokia, and was a member of the Legislature for several terms. The family was related to that of Governor Reynolds, and when John Reynolds, afterward Governor, started out to practice law, he made his home for a time with Joseph Beaird, at Cahokia. William A. Beaird, another son of John Beaird, naturally possessed a good mind, but obstinately refused to get an education or to receive any information thru the medium of books. However, by observation and experience, he did acquire much practical knowledge. He never married. He served as Sheriff of St. Clair County from 1815 to 183,0. He died at Belleville in 1843. DR. JOHN M. PECK One of the most prominent citizens of St. Clair County for nearly four decades was Rev. John Mason Peck, who occupied a distinctive position of leadership among Illinois Baptists. He was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, in the year 1778. His early education was limited. In 1809 he joined the Baptist Church. In 1813 he was licensed to preach, and a little later ordained to the Baptist ministry. A few years later he spent a year in a theological seminary at Philadelphia. In May, 1817, he was chosen a missionary of the General Baptist Convention for the West. He set out with his family in a one-horse covered wagon, and reached St. Louis in December of that year. For the next nine years he was an itinerant missionary ranging thru Missouri and Illinois, resid- ing in St. Louis, then in St. Charles, and ultimately fixing his home at Rock Spring, in St. Clair County, Illinois. He was a man of deep convictions and determined disposition. Rev. Justus Bulkley, long a professor in Shurtleff College, in a sketch of Dr. Peck, characterizes him as follows: Tall, athletic, bright-eyed, very energetic in speech and manner, he was a marvel of strength and endurance, possessing im- plicit faith in God, fearless self-reliance, and an absolutely invincible will; so that his very presence was a recognized power and inspiration among men. When addressing the Illi- nois Baptist General Convention or any other august body, John M. Peck might be rung down repeatedly, but he never failed to keep the floor till he had presented his cause and finished his speech, however long it might be. In 1820, when the Missionary Board ordered him to move to Fort Wayne, Indiana, he did not comply, but with his character- istic independence decided to choose his own field of labor. In April, 1822, he moved to Rock Spring, where he acquired Four Hundred and Si a considerable tract of land, on which he made his home for the remainder of his life, and where he died March is, iSsS. He was buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery, in St. Louis. In 1852 he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity trom Har- vard College. April 25th, 1829 was the date of the tirst issue of The Pioneer, which was the first religious paper pub- lished in Illinois. This was edited and published by Dr. Peck, at Rock Spring. His frequent travels over the country brought him into such prominence that he received many inquiries by letter from persons who proposed to emigrate to the west and desired definite knowledge of certain local- ities. To meet this demand for information he published the Guide for Emigrants. In 1834 he published the Gazeteer of Illinois, m which was contained a concise and accurate description of each county, town, settlement, stream, and prairie in the state. He was also the author of several other volumes. All this time he was busy with his ministerial labors. He was the founder of Rock Spring Seminary, which will receive more extended notice elsewhere in this volume. He organized Sunday Schools, established churches, and preached the gospel continually. He was gifted by nature with a strong and vigorous intellect, and in addition pos- sessed an indomitable energy that shrank from no labor. He was admirably fitted for western pioneer life. He was hardy, self-denying, courageous, and independent. Few men of his day were more influential in guiding the thoughts and form- ing the institutions of the West. He gave his whole power, physical and intellectual, to his work. His devotion to his work seemed at times to take precedence over everything else, even his love for his family. A story is told of him to the effect that having been absent from his family several months while serving as Secretary of the American Baptist Publication Society in Philadelphia, he reached home by stage one morning, and unnoticed by any of the family, went into his study. There he found a great accumulation of letters and papers which the mail had brought during his absence. He at once became absorbed in their examination, and late in the afternoon some member of the family was surprised to find him in his study peering over his papers. Among the settlers who came about the time Illinois be- came a state were the Mitchell brothers, Edward and Sam- uel. They were born in Maryland, served in the Revolu- tionary War, lived in Virginia for a time and were among the early Methodists of that region. They both became Methodist preachers. Samuel settled about where Rentchler Station was afterward located, and Edward at Turkey Hill and lived there till his death in 1837, at the age of seventy- eight. Samuel later moved to Galena and lived to a good old age. It IS said that he still sometimes preached .ifter he was eighty years old. Three of his sons were preachers. When the brothers came to Illinois they found religion much ne- glected, so they, with the help of a few neighbors, built a house of worship that was used tor many years both as a church and a school house. Here the ordinances of religion were administered without money and without price. Ed- ward Mitchell brought with him to Illinois his two sons-in- law, John Henry Dennis and Major Washington West, and a number of negro slaves, the whole group constituting a colony of fifty -seven people. Dennis settled in 1883 on a farm three miles south of Belleville. He was a gentleman of the old school and had obtained a thorough education at Hampden- Sidney College, in Virginia. He abandoned his farm in 1824 and moved to Belleville. At the request of Governor Ninian Edwards, a great patron of learning, he engaged in teaching, to which profession he devoted the remainder of his lite. Many of his pupils attained distinction at the bar and m different walks of life. The school which he started m Belle- ville in 1824 was the first m the state m which there was opportunity for the study of the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin languages and the higher mathematics. In this it antedated McKendree College by four years. For a number of years it continued to draw students from St. Louis, and as far east as the Wabash, but it was only a private school and never became permanently established. Mr. Dennis later served as County Superintendent of Schools. Major West, who settled in what is known as West Prairie, a mile south of Belleville, was the son of Benjamin West, a native of Maryland and for seven years a soldier in the Revolutionary War. After the Revolution the family moved to Virginia. On coming to Illinois, Major West was accompanied by his parents, then nearly eighty years of age. He had acquired his military title by service in the War of 1812. He commanded a company of Virginia troops stationed for a while at Norfolk. He died in 1863, at the age of eighty- five. Several of his descendants have since been prominent citizens of Belleville. Joseph McClintock, a native of Bourbon County, Kentucky, reached St. Clair County with his family, including eight children, in November, 1818. He settled four miles south of Belleville and died there in 1846. Among his sons, William and James have held office in St. Clair County, and were always well-respected citizens. The southeast part of the county was settled in 1810 by the families of Hecox, Stubblefield, Perkins, Beasley, Nat Hill, and James and Reu- ben Lively. When the Indian troubles began during the Four Hundred and Sixtv-Oi MC KENDREE : ... ... War of 1812, they built a block house for protection against the dangers of Indian warfare. Other early settlers in this part of the county, who came about the year 1817 were William Pendleton, Andrew Free, and Isaac Rainey. The Lands, Dials, and Ckxjks came about the same time. Isaac Rainey laid out the town of Darmstadt, made his home there while he hved and died there in 1871. Jefferson Rainey, bom in this county in 1820, was elected to the State Senate in 1875. A number of families came from the East and settled in the county in 1817 and 1818. Among them were those of Caleb Barker, William Fowler, Abel Thompson, Timothy Higgins and Deacon Samuel Smith. Caleb Barker settled in what is now West Belleville, and William Fowler on the east branch of Richland Creek, three miles south of Belleville. He afterward engaged in the carpenter ' s business and did the wood work for the first brick Court House at Belleville. Later his health failed and he moved to California. Deacon Samuel Smith settled on Richland Creek, and lived and died there, leaving numerous descendants in the county. In the year 1817 the English settlement of Prairie du Long was formed by the families of Bamber, Winstanley, Threlfell, Coop, Newsham, and others. The Woods came to that part of the county in 1806 and the Wildermans in 1808. Samuel Ogle, the father of David and Joseph Ogle, settled in 1819 four miles northwest of Belleville, purchasing an improve- ment first made by George Blair. The farm which he im ' proved is now along the paved road leading from Belleville to St. Louis. For several years he served as County Commissioner. When Illinois became a state in 1818 the settlements were still sparse. There were barely forty thousand people in the territory, which was the number necessary for statehood. Indeed it is claimed that in some cases transients passing thru were counted in order to make up the required number, so anxious were the people for Illinois to become a state. It was not always easy for the immigrants to become accli- matized sufficiently to maintain good health in the new country. Many of the people from Virginia and Kentucky had been accustomed to abundance of cold spring water and the invigorating air of the mountains. To them the change to the indifferent water from shallow wells, or sometimes stiignant pools was neither agreeable nor healthful. In sum- mer the suffocating heat, and especially in the American Bottom, the air laden with malaria from the decay of the season ' s growth of exuberant vegetation caused sickness to hold its enervating sway in almost every household till the frosts of autumn and the snows of winter could restore the conditions of good health. The best physicians had difficulty in dealing successfully with the malarial malady known as fever and ague. For years parts of Illinois had the repu- tation of being unhealthy regions. But later science solved the problem and now malaria is almost unknown, even in the American Bottom. The prairies that were still unsettled were of vast extent, and in the summer season were covered with native prairie grass, which often grew as high as the head of a man on horseback. When the frosts of autumn had followed the bleaching rains and heat of summer, the prairie fire often swept over vast areas with the speed of the wind, leaving them black and desolate. Often the wild animals and sometimes people had their lives endangered by the raging death-dealing pr.urie fire. But that danger, too, has disappeared. Wild game was still abundant. In fact, some of the early settlers came to the country chiefly that they might enjoy the pleasures of hunting. Altho there were very few, if any, buffaloes east of the Mississippi, bears had not entirely disappeared, and deer sometimes in droves of half a hundred could be seen in the Spring, feeding on the luxuriant wild prairie grass. Wild turkeys were plentiful and grouse or prairie chickens were evident in such countless numbers that when they would fly into the fields of an evening, in lighting or rising they would produce a sound like distant thunder. Also in the autumn wild pigeons in countless myriads would visit the settlements. Sometimes flocks in their flight could be seen extending more than five miles long, as they passed to other feeding grounds or to their nightly roosting places. In those days the settler who was so inclined could easily furnish meat for his table the whole year thru, with no other implement than his gun and a little of his time both used in a way that the modern resident would regard as the finest kind of sport. In fact, the city man of these days has been known to travel thou- sands of miles and spend hundreds of dollars for the priv- ilege of shooting a single deer or bear and thought it was well worth the outlay. This is merely one of the changes that a century of development has wrought. GOV. SHADRACH BOND Shadrach Bond was born in Frederick County, Maryland, in the year 1773. He was the son of a pious father who gave scriptural names to his boys. Shadrach ' s brothers were named Nicodemus and Joshua. He was reared on a plantation and educated as a practical farmer, and farming was his business in life except when he was engaged in public service for his country. His school training was very limited, but he was a close observer and in the school of life he acquired a good knowledge of mankind and the various springs of Four Hundred and Sixtv-Tmo human action. In mature .ige he was an intelligent practi- cal citizen and servant of his fellow men. Governor Rey- nolds says of him, He was not a lady parlor scholar who read the novels of love sick swains and fainting girls, nor did he ever wash his face m cologne water, but he was nature ' s nobleman, educated in the wide world of the hu- man family, and his con- science and sound judgment GOVERNOR BOND were his unerring preceptors. The whole creation should be a man ' s school house and nature his teacher. Bond studied in this college and Providence gave him a diploma. He came to Illinois in 1794 and lived with his uncle, Shad- rach Bond, senior, for some years, and then purchased a farm for himself in the American Bottom and improved it well. By his example and influence he was a leader m a movement for the improvement of farming and social conditions among the farm people, that began about 1800. He labored on his farm with his own hands, with such help as he could obtain in that early day. He felt an honest pride in being dependent on no one for support except Mother Earth and God that giveth the increase. He spent the happiest part of his life on the farm. He possessed warm and ardent feelings and when in the society of his friends around the festive hoard he was not only happy himself but m.ide all around him happy also. In personal appearance he was large and portly, SIX feet tall and weighed over two hundred pounds, erect and symmetrical, in manner and bearing noble, dignified, and commanding: his features were regular but strong and masculine, his hair a glossy jet black, he had large brilliant hazel eyes, his forehead was prominent and his countenance indicated superior intellect. Such was the person of Farmer Bond. In early life he was a member of the General Assem- bly of the Indiana Territory, which met at Vincennes and he was a good, substantial member. In 1812 he was the first delegate to our national Congress. There he secured the passage of a law to grant the right of preemption to early settlers so that they might acquire a clear title to the land they occupied, and thus secure the improvements they had made upon it. This proved a great stimulus to the settlement of Illinois lands. When the settlers felt that they could hold the improvements they made, they were encouraged to make more. This brought public lands into market and started a stream of immigration which was strong, deep and constant. It was the keystone to the arch of prosperity in Illinois. This one achievement entitles Bond to the lasting gratitude of his fellow-countrymen. He remained in Congress only one term. In 1814 he was appointed Receiver of Public Moneys at Kaskaskia. He then moved from his farm in the American Bottom to Kaskaskia and established a farm near that town. In 1818, when the first state officers were chosen for Illinois, he was elected Governor without opposition. The office of Governor was especially important during that first term m the time of transition from Territorial to State government. He performed the duties of the office in a satisfactory manner and retired with the good will of the people. Some time later he was appointed Registrar of the land office at Kaskaskia, m which office he continued till his death in 1830. JOHN EDGAR John Edgar was a native of Ireland and a subject of King George III. In 1776 he was m the British naval service and commander of a vessel on the Great Lakes. When the colonies raised their standard of freedom and independence, he was in full sympathy with them. His own people had chafed un- der English oppressions. He could not bring himself to fight for a country which m his heart he despised, and against a people that he admired and loved. He considered the mat- ter carefully and made his decision to cast his lot with the Americans. He resigned from the army of King George, and in 1784 he came to Kaskaskia with a stock of merchandise and established a store in that town. He lived there almost half a century, until his death in 183,2. He was an active bus- iness man, extensively engaged in land trade, and also in the milling business. He erected a fine flour mill on the same site on which M. Paget had built one sixty years before. This mill was a great benefit to the public and very profitable to the proprietor. Before the year 1800 he manufactured large quantities of flour for the New Orleans market, which would compare favorably with the flour made on the Atlantic coast. Mr. Edgar was the owner of a splendid mansion in Kas- kaskia, where the traveller and the stranger always found a hearty welcome. No one ever displayed more real hos- pitality than he did m his home. For many years he was the wealthiest man in Illinois. He held real estate in many quarters and paid more taxes than any man in the terri- tory. But with all his wealth he was kind and benevolent. Nor did it ever change his deportment from that of a true American gentleman. He was elected from Illinois as a member of the Legis- lature of the Northwest Territory. This General Assem- bly convened at Chilicothe, Ohio, and was held under the administration of Governor Arthur St. Clair. At home he served as Justice of the Peace and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Edgar County, Illinois was named m his honor. CHAPTER VI. French Customs and Pioneer Life ' he French settlers of Illinois in the early times were mostly agriculturists, but their implements were neither well made nor of the proper kind. Their plows were a curiosity. They had an iron point, but a wooden mold-board with a straight beam and almost per- pendicular handles. They seldom plowed with horses, but used oxen. They also had a strange custom of yoking their oxen by the horns instead of the neck. Sometimes they used oxen to draw their carts, but generally horses were used for this. Reynolds says a wagon was not seen in Illinois for nearly a hundred years after its settlement. The French ox cart was called bare-footed, because it had no iron tires on the wheels. In a country where there were no rocks to travel over, these all wood wheels answered the purpose quite well. They had no tanned leather for any purpose whatever. They made harness out of raw hide. The French houses were usually one story high and made of wood, tho some were built of stone. There was not a brick house in the country for a hundred years or more after the first settlement. Roofs were sometimes thatched with straw or prairie grass. This sort of roof looked well, and if properly put on, lasted longer than shingles. When shingles were used, they were fastened on with pegs or weights. They were generally made of white oak and were very durable. The doors were plain baton work, mostly of walnut. The windows generally had some glass in them and opened on hinges, according to the French custom. In those days they usually had neat clean wells walled with rock and provided with a windlass for drawing water, so that their water supply was convenient and clean. The costume of the French of that day, hke most of their other characteristics, was rather peculiar. It seems that the masses of this nationality whether in the old world or the new, have a strong pref- erence for the color blue. Blue handkerchiefs were frequently worn on the head by both sexes in place of a hat. It was tastefully tied on and seemed rather becoming, even to men. The capot, made of a white blanket, was the universal dress for the laboring class of people. A kind of cap was attached behind, at the cape, which in cold weather was raised over the head; in the house or in good weather it was permitted to rest on the shoulders like an ordinary cape. The men wore pantaloons of coarse blue stuff in the summer and buckskin in winter. The women did not work as hard as the men and therefore dressed neater and better than the male part of the community. The French fashions from New Orleans or Pans were promptly adopted to the extent of their means and ability. The women generally and the men largely wore buckskin moccasins. Reynolds ' history calls this article of foot wear a mawkawsin. Both men and women were usually provided with some more tasty and attractive apparel for the church and the ball room. With sentiments of true piety it afforded them great pleasure to attend church and perform their religious devotions. After the duties of their religion were discharged, various forms of recreation and amusement were indulged in, even on the same day that they attended church. But it was in the ball room where these merry and innocent people really enjoyed themselves. All care was cast aside for the pleasures of the dance. The French ball room seemed to afford an intense degree of excitement and animation to all classes of the peo- ple. The young and old, the rich and poor, all met together in good feeling and hearts overflowing with ecstasies of mer- riment. They had an ancient custom by which several young men about the last of the year would go around to various houses in the village disguised as beggars, they would enter a house, dancing what they called the Gionie, which was an invitation for them to meet and have a ball to dance away the old year. Then on New Year ' s eve, both young and old would assemble, each bringing some kind of refreshment, and in good earnest they would dance away the old year. About the sixth of January they were accustomed to hold a celebration called Le Jour de Rais. A party was held and four beans baked in a large cake. The cake was distrib- uted among the gentlemen and each one who received a bean was proclaimed King. These four kings would give the next ball. These kings each selected a queen and gave her a suitable present, then these eight arranged everything necessary for the dancing party. In these merry parties, no formal dinner was indulged in. The purpose was not to eat, but to make merry. They had refreshments of cake and coffee served at intervals which were sufficient for their needs. Sometimes bouillon took the place of coffee. Towards the close of the party each queen selected a new king and kissed him to qualify him for office. Then each new king chose a new queen and the whole performance was repeated. In this manner the king balls were kept up until the carnival was ended. In the ball room order and decorum were strictly observed. Two aged and discreet persons were chosen, called provosts, one to select the ladies for the dance and the other the gen- tlemen, so that each h.id the opportunity to dance in his proper turn. The older people regulated the whole affair, the time to go home and the time to meet again. By this regulation much of the excesses and hirmtul results com- monly attributed to dancing parties, were avoided. HISTORIC INCIDENTS OF PIONEER LIFE The Annals of the West tells the following incident that occurred in March, 1813, partly in St. Clair County. Rev. David McLain, having started tor Kentucky, had crossed the Kaskaskia at Hill ' s Ferry, m the present county ot Clinton, when without warning they were tired upon by a party ot Indians. Young was killed and scalped. McLain ' s horse was shot from under him, but he, being a good runner, tried to escape by flight thru the thick woods of the river bottom with several Indians m pursuit. He soon outdistanced all but one who was an athletic tellow and seemed determined not to lose his prey. McLain was encumbered with a heavy overcoat, leggings, and spurs. The Indian fired, missed him, and stopped to reload. This gave McLain a chance to throw otF his overcoat, thinking the Indian might be attracted by that and give up the chase. When he was nearing exhaustion and the Indian was about to overtake him he stopped, made ' signs of surrender, and then as the Indian came near he assumed an attitude ot defiance and watched the motions ot his enemy. As he was about to fire he dodged quickly and the ball went astray. Then he exerted all his energy to escape until the Indian was about to overtake him again, when he would repeat the performance. He kept up this running contest for more than an hour, during which the Indian shot at him seven times and once wounded him m the arm. He now decided as a last resort to swim the river, and tho he was almost tired out he jumped in and started across diagonally down stream. He watched the Indian, and just as he was about to shoot again he dived into the deep water of the stream and came up close to the other side. At this the disgusted Indian gave up the chase and probably told his fellow braves that he had pursued a great medicine, who was so charmed that a musket ball could not kill him. After strenuous effort and much suffering from his wound, he reached the Badgley settlement, thirty-five miles away, by the next morning. ADVENTURE OF THOlvIAS HIGGINS A frontier settlement on Shoal Creek, a few miles east of the present border of St. Clair, had a block house which was one of the stations for the rangers m the War of 1S12, One morning m the summer of 1S14, a company of 12 rangers, including Higgms, started out m pursuit of a band ot Indians who had been seen prowling .iround the fort the day before. They had not gone tar enough to be out of sight of the block house when they were ambuscade J and surrounded by a party of 70 or 80 Indians. At the first fire the commander and three men were killed. Six fled to the fort, but Higgins tarried, as he said, to have one more pull at the enemy. His horse was shot m the neck, and as he supposed, mortally wounded, so he took to a tree, resolv- ing to avenge the loss of his comrades. When the smoke had cleared away a little, he fired at the Indians ,ind the foremost fell dead. By this time his horse had recovered his feet and Higgins mounted him to ride to the fort. Just then a familiar voice from the tall grass said, Tom, you won ' t leave me, will you? Turning, he s.iw a tellow soldier named Burgess, lying wounded and helpless. Come along, said Higgins. I can ' t, replied Burgess, My leg is smashed. Higgms instantly dismounted, but while he was trying to get the wounded man on the horse, the animal took fright and ran away, leaving Higgins with the wounded man. He directed him to crawl thru the grass on his hands and one leg while he remained behind to protect him from the In ' dians. In this way Burgess reached the Fort. Higgins took another direction to toll the Indians away from his friend. Several of the savages saw and followed him. In the running fight that followed, Higgins killed several of the Indians, but received four bullets into his own body and a blow from a tomahawk had severed one ear and laid bare the skull on one side of his head. The soldiers watched the fight from the fort but were afraid to venture out to help him. At this point a woman in the fort, named Mrs. Pursley, urged the rangers to the rescue, and when they objected, taunted them with cowardice. She then snatched her hus- band ' s rifle from his hands, declaring that so fine a fellow as Tom Higgins should not be lost for want of help, and mounting a horse, she sallied forth to the rescue. Some of the men, ashamed to be outdone by a woman, mounted and followed at full gallop. They reached the spot where Higgins had vanquished his immediate opponents, but had fallen fainting in the deathly struggle, and before the main body of Indians came up, they brought the wounded ranger into the fort. For many days his life was despaired of. There was no surgeon. Some of his friends cut two of the bullets out of his body, and by careful nursing, he recov ered. Some years after, he extracted another of the bullets Four Hwuired and S.xlv-Fuf |mc KENDREE fe . ... _,„ from his thigh with his own hands and a razor. But he lived many years after and died at a good old age in Fay ette County. JOHN MOREDOCK John Moredock came to the American Bottom with his brother, Barney, and his step-fiither, Mr. Huff, in 1786. Barney died in early life, and the step-father was killed by the Indians, so John inherited a considerable estate in early life, and without much opportunity for education and de- velopment of character. He had little opportunity for edu- cation in the schools, therefore his book learning was limited. He could merely read and write, and was acquainted with a few calculations in arithmetic. Making a living in the American Bottom was not difficult and he did not pay much attention to it. His youthful days were spent in a kind of poetic action. He possessed a mind of good ability and let it loose like Childe Harold He vexed with mirth the drowsy ear of night. But few individuals in any country possessed the vigorous intellect that nature bestowed upon him. But the situation in the country rendered this gift of nature of little use, and possibly even injurious. Physically he was a model of symmetry and masculine beauty. He was above the ordinary size, and rather corpulent. His complexion dark, his eyes were large and black and displayed uncommon bril- liancy. In all social circles, among the young or old, with the wild or rehgious, he was always the center of attraction, and the commanding spirit of the circle. He acquired among the French their language and their accomplishments in the dance. He possessed an excellent natural talent for music and performed well on the violin. The necessities of the country taught him the use of the gun and he became an excellent marksman and hunter. Horse racing was a sport in which he took great delight. He was also enamored of various games of cards, the love of which grew upon him and finally ruined him. He was benevolent and kind, and possessed no malice in his heart. He had no gall in his makeup and was firm and warm in his attachments. Had he been reared under different conditions and had received a competent education, he would have been a great man. Nature did much for him, so he depended on these natural gifts and did nothing for himself. He was indolent in the extreme in everything except the pursuit of pleasure. Never- theless, when he reached a mature age, he was frequently called upon to serve the public. In 1803 he was elected to represent St. Clair County in the Territorial Legislature at Vincennes. He acquitted himself in the Legislature to the satisfaction of the public. He was very popular with the ladies. He married a Miss Garrison, who was a step-daughter of Judge Bond. She was an amiable lady and of an excellent family. Moredock and his family lived on his farm in the American Bottom until his death in 1830. He had some talent for military tactics. He served in the War of 1812, first as a captain and later as a major. In 1814 he was elected to represent St. Clair County in the Territorial Legislature of Illinois, at Kaskaskia. He had his foibles and frailties, but on the whole he was a noble pioneer and should be remem- bered for the service he rendered to his adopted state rather than by the failings he may have had. The first American school teacher who ever taught in Illinois was John Seely, who taught a school at New De- sign in 1783, in the present county of Monroe, but that was before any county had been organized. The next was Francis Clark, who appeared later in the same year. He has been accused of not being a prohibitionist. The next was an Irishman named Halfpenny, who taught school in many sections of Illinois for many years. He taught almost all the American children in Illinois in his day, who received any education at all. He might be styled the schoolmaster-general of Illinois at that day. It seems unfortunate that we have no further record, either of the man or his work. JOHN MURDICK John Murdick was a natural born humorist. If he had lived in a later period and had a good education he would probably have been a writer in the class of Bill Nye or Josh Billings. But living in the pioneer period and without education, he found vent for his native tendency in a con- tinual succession of practical jokes. He was born in Kentucky in 1790 and came to New De- sign with his parents in 1796. Soon after that time his father died. His mother tried to send him to school, but she seemed to have very little control over him, and there were no truant officers in that day. So John seldom even went to the school house. After a few years his Mother married George Blair, who owned the present site of Belleville. John took great delight in playing tricks on his step- f ither. He would slyly pin some sort of appendage to Mr. Blair ' s coat tail and when the prank was discovered he never laughed or showed the least degree of emotion. But still everybody understood who was the perpetrator. He shaved the hair off the manes and tails of his step-father ' s horses, so as to have a joke on the old man. As he grew older, this habit of playing tricks grew on him till not only his step-father, but the whole community grew thoroughly tired Four Ht T.drfd and Si of him. He seemed to h.ive been horn with an .mtipathy to anything Hke useful work, and from his childhood to man- hood, it cost more m coaxing and threatening to make him work than the work he did was worth. But he would labor for days and even weeks to accomplish some prank in which he was interested, such as to carry rails half a mile in the night to make a fence around some man ' s front door. He would get up in the night when the rest of the family were asleep, ride many miles to play some prank and be back m bed again before the family were awake. But when it came to work he obstinately refused. At church one day he slyly slipped a deck of cards into the preacher ' s pocket. He had little love for a certain Baptist preacher in the neighborhood where he lived. One day during the church services, while the good man was diligently preaching the gospel, Murdick slipped out, and while all the others were interested in the sermon so there were none to watch him, he found the preacher ' s horse hitched near by m the woods. He took the saddle and bridle off the horse and put them on an old muly ox. The horse ran home, but when the ser- vice closed and the people came out to go home there stood the old ox all saddled and bridled and ready for the preacher to ride. The people had a good idea who did these tricks, but they were unable to prove it on him. He got married, but lived with his wife only at intervals. He made a sorry attempt at being a husband as he did almost everything else. During the War of 1812 he entered the military service and joined the rangers, but he ranged with the other soldiers or staid at home almost at his pleas- ure. The oiEcers couldn ' t do much with him. While he was still connected with the army, being in camp at Peoria, he provided himself with two black bottles and went to the sutler, the army store keeper, and asked for a quart of whis- key. He had already filled one bottle with water and left the other empty. The sutler put the whiskey in the empty bottle and stood waiting for his pay. Murdick observed m a very grave and serious manner that he was now away from home and had no money, so he wished it charged to his account. The sutler refused. Then Murdick pulled out of his pocket the bottle containing the water and said, Well, you ' ll have to pour it back in the barrel then. The sutler put the neck of the black bottle in the bung hole of the barrel and poured the water into the barrel of whiskey. Thus Murdick traded water for whiske y. On another occasion, at Rattan ' s prairie, near Edwards- ville, he and some of his boon companions played what they regarded as a great joke on a landlord who sold drinks. They had not money to buy ,is much liquor as they wanted. Murdick had but one bit, a small coin used in those days which was worth twelve and a half cents. With this he bought a halt pint ot whiskey. He watched where the pro prietor put the money, and observed that his money recep- tacle was an old teacup which sat on a high shelf. The land- lord, having but little business m the bar room, frequently went to the kitchen to help with the work going on there. In his absence Murdick recovered the bit from the teacup, and when the landlord returned, bought another drink with It. Again the process was repeated in order that Murdick ' s friends might get drinks. It was kept up at intervals all the day. In the evening the proprietor thought he must have his teacup about full and took it down to count his day ' s receipts, and found only the one lone coin in it. Murdick and his companions were in high glee over the success of their prank, and they had enough whiskey to make them hilarious. It was the law that the United States Rangers were to furnish their own provisions and outfit. So they were permitted at times to go home, fix themselves up, and return with necessary supplies. Murdick made a visit home. When he returned to Camp Russell, near Edwardsville, he caught a ground hog and put it alive in his saddle bags. When he had hitched his horse near the fort and began greeting his friends, he told one of them that he had some- thing out in his saddle bags. The friend, who was of the thirsty kind, inferred that it was a bottle of whiskey, so he, alone and on the sly, went out to Murdick ' s horse and thrust his hand in the saddle bags to get the bottle. Forthwith the ground hog bit him. He jerked his bleeding hand away, and stifling his pain, resolved that since misery loves com- pany. It would be some satisfaction to get some one else into the same difficulty. So he went and told another ranger in an undertone that he got a fine dram out of Murdick ' s saddlebags. This one, also desiring to quench his thirst, quietly and quickly repaired to Murdick ' s horse and thrust his hand into the saddle bags. The ground hog, doubtless feeling that he was having his private rights rudely invaded, grasped the hand in his sharp teeth and held on. The ranger, unable to withdraw his hand and suffering from the pain- ful contact, roared for help. This attracted the attention of the camp. Some friends came to his assistance, and Mur- dick and his friends enjoyed the joke hugely. Murdick was a man of medium size and erect in bearing, but exceedingly spare-built and almost as thin as a skeleton. He seemed to possess no great passions or ambitions, but the energies of his mind were inclined to such feats as MC KENDREE those related above. The pranks of his life would fill a vol- ume. After the close of the War of 1812, he enlisted in the regular army and not long after died in the service. DUTCH PETES AMEN In the early days, before the end of the eighteenth cen- tury, religious privileges were rare in the Illinois countr ' . There were no organized churches and only an occasional preacher of the gospel wandered thru the newly-formed settlements and preached to small groups assembled at the cabin of a neighbor. When there was no preacher in the community, sometimes an elderly layman would hold a meet- ing for prayer and song and religious conference. It was probably in December, 1793,, that Shadrach Bond, Senior, the uncle of Governor Bond, and commonly known as Judge Bond, was holding a meeting of this kind at some house in the New Design settlement. While the Judge was officiating in an informal manner, a stranger came into the meeting. He was a large portly man with dark hair, a florid complexion and regular features. His dress was somewhat superior to the deer skin hunting shirts and Indian moccasins of the settlers. His countenance was grave and his aspect so serious that the mind of the leader was impressed with the idea that he might perhaps be a preacher. So without any infor- mation as to his name or standing, he was invited to close the exercises of the hour if he was a praying man. The stranger accepted the invitation, knelt on the floor and made a fluent, solemn and impressive prayer. There was a man in the group, of small talents and rather narrow views, who on account of his nationality bore the sobriquet of Dutch Pete. In the land office his name appeared as Peter Smith. Pete was a zealous Methodist, and when his own brethren or preachers prayed he felt moved by the Spirit to utter Amen at the close of every sentence. On this occasion, while the people were on their knees or with heads bowed during the earnest prayer of the stranger, Pete manifested great uneasiness. He fidgeted one way and then another, uttered a low but audible groan and to those near him he seemed in trouble. The very earnest and impressive prayer of the strange gentleman was exciting his feelings beyond suppression. He might not be a Methodist, but Pete thought that he prayed like one. At last he reached a point of fervor where he could hold in no longer, and bawled out at the top of his voice, ' Amm, at a wenture! The stranger proved to be Rev. Josiah Dodge, of Kentucky, who was on a visit to his brother. Dr. Israel Dodge, of St. Genevieve, and he was the father of Hon. Henry S. Dodge, who was at one time Governor of Wisconsin, and later United States Senator from that state. Hearing of these religious people being entirely destitute of ministerial instruction, he had come to visit them, and if they wished it, to preach to them. He spent some time in the settlement, preached fre- quently, and awakened a new interest in religion. In Feb ' ruary, the ice was cut in Fountain Creek and he baptised James Lemen, Senior, and Catharine, his wife, John Gibbons and Isaac Enochs. These ' ere the first persons ever baptised in the Illinois Territory. Four Hundred and Sixtv-EiRlit Fmc kendreeT CHAPTER VII. Some Early St. Clair County Physicians ' ovERNOR Reynolds mentions a long list ot the phy- V 1 sicians of this early period. Among them was Dr. Truman Turtle, who came to Kaskaski.i m 1S02 as a surgeon in the United States Army. After resigning his position m the army, he practiced in Kaskaskia for a time and then came to Cahokia. Later he was appointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas and Justice of the Peace. Another was Dr. Lyle, of whom we have scant record, but the statement that He was a good physician, which is more than can be truthfully said of some more modern practitioners. Dr. George Fisher was considered one ot the best m his day. He came from Hardy County, Virginia, m very early times and settled in Kaskaskia, but he did not continue long in his profession. He possessed a well trained active mind and was an agreeable and benevolent character. Soon after the Territory of Indiana was established. Governor Harrison appointed Dr. Fisher the Sheriff of Randolph County. He performed the duties of this office to the satisfaction of the people for- many years. He was elected to the first General Assembly of the Illinois Territory and became Speaker of the House of Representatives. This is a position of dignity, no matter where the assembly may be. He was also elected to the Convention of 1818, which drafted the first consti- tution of our great state. He died on his farm at the foot of the bluffs in 1820. Dr. William L. Reynolds came from Bracken County, Kentucky, and settled in Kaskaskia in 1809. He possessed talents of a high order and integrity of character that digni- fies human nature in any situation of life. He had received a college education and was well-versed in the medical science. For many years he reigned triumphant in his pro- fession in the community as Dr. Fisher had retired to his farm. He also practiced some years in Cahokia. He was elected to the Territorial Legislature in 181 5 and was instrumental in establishing Jackson County and naming it in honor of the great general of the War of rSii. There was a Dr. Wallace who rendered professional ser- vice to the people of New Design in their terrible epidemic sickness in the year 1797. He was a skillful physician, but there is little on record in reference to his character. Dr. James Rose came from Kentucky to Kaskaskia m the year 1805. He possessed talents and made a good physician in his early life. He was a little lame, but before he forgot himself in his friendship for alcohol, his mind was not lame. He enjoyed a good practice in Kaskaskia and vicinity. Later he moved to Belleville. Toward the close of his career he neglected his profession, and of course it neglected him. Dr. Caldwell Cairnes was a physician good and true in olden times in Illinois. He came from Pennsylvania about the beginning of the eighteenth century. He was caught in the great tornado of i o= , but escaped with his life. Late in life he acquired a splendid farm which he called Walnut Grove. He both farmed on a large scale and pursued his profession. He served as Justice of the Peace and County Judge in St. Clair County. When Monroe County was or- ganized he was one of its representatives in the convention which formed the first constitution, and made a good mem- ber of that body. Dr. Estes is said to have been the first physician who settled m Belleville. He built a residence a short distance south of the public square in 181 5. This also served as his office. Reynolds says of him that he had a strong mind, but It was not properly balanced. He was the captain of a hand of regulators organized m 18 15 to protect the country from horse thieves and other criminals. It was generally be- lieved that they dealt out justice in a very effective manner. After a few years Dr. Estes moved away. Dr. Joseph Green, who married the widow of Alphonso C. Stuart, was a man of quiet and peaceable disposition, and for a long time practiced his profession in the Belleville com- munity. He was reasonable in his charges, regulating his fees by his judgment of human nature and the wealth of h is patients. He was remarkably humane and kind m his treat ' ment of dumb animals. He would frequently get off his horse and lead him, merely to rest the horse. For many years an old sorrel horse carried him on his visits to his patients, and he would ride no other. Sometimes persons would come for him in a buggy, in order to secure his presence quickly, but to no avail; for if the old sorrel was not at hand he would walk. He possessed unusual caution and would always dismount and lead his horse across a bridge. One day a neighbor bor- rowed the horse, and not being acquainted with the doctor ' s habit, he endeavored to cross a bridge without dismounting. The horse refused to go, even resisting the application of whip and spur. At length the rider dismounted, secured hickory withe, and again mounting, beat the old horse un- mercifully till he forced him across. The next time the good Four Hundred and Sixtv-Nme t ENDR E doctor travelled that road, he was greatly surprised when old sorrel bolted across the bridge at headlong speed without giving him a chance to get off. This shows the influence of discipline, even upon dumb brutes. Dr. Green had spent his early life among the Pennsylvania Germans and was ac- quainted with their language. So that he and Lewis and Jacob Myers were the first persons in Belleville who could speak the German language. He was also acquainted with French. He was elected to the Legislature in 1837. He was an ardent Whig in politics, and a strong advocate of internal improvements, particularly of building railroads. He became interested in silk culture, procured silk worms and erected a cocoonery. His wife made the silk into thread on an ordi- nary spinning wheel and then wove the thread into a kind of cloth. The doctor died in 1842. Dr. William G. Goforth settled in the county seat in 1816 and practiced his profession till his death in 1835. He is said to have been a singular man, both in mental and physical characteristics. He looked and acted like no one else. He practiced medicine successfully, tho perhaps he relied as much on his natural genius and experience as on scientific knowledge of the profession. He felt the patient ' s pulse, looked at his tongue, and immediately adopted a course of treatment. Governor Reynolds always consulted him when he needed medical advice. He was very tall, with a long and slender neck. He had the reputation of being the home- liest man in all the country round. A story is current that a man of very unattractive appear- ance once came to Belleville from an eastern state, carrying a jack knife which had been presented to him in consideration of his ugliness. Meeting Dr. Goforth ' s brother then visiting in Belleville, and who resembled the doctor in appearance, the stranger stopped him and wanted to hand over the knife, remarking that it had been given him with instructions to carry it till he found a homelier man than himself, and he thought he had now succeeded. No, replied Goforth, I am not the man you are looking for. It is my brother. So the doctor was found and promptly presented with the knife. He carried it for a long time, but finally met a man from Madison County, to whom it was awarded. Years later the doctor took to drinking. He then reformed and began delivering temperance lectures, but later fell a victim to his old habits, and finally met his death by accident when he was thrown from his horse one day while intoxicated. Dr. William Heath was another early physician. He was a Virginian by birth. He was a Methodist preacher also and preached at occasional intervals. He held that a physician must live by his fees, so when practice was light he charged high fees, and vice versa. He had the reputation of making long prayers and big bills. He charged the McClintock family one hundred and twenty dollars for his services during one spell of sickness, and that was a large sum in those days. He moved to St. Louis, and later to Alton, where he died some years after. Dr. Francis J. Crabb was one of the early medical prac- titioners in St. Clair County. His first wife was a daughter of Edward Mitchell and his second wife was a member of the Ogle family. Dr. Woodworth settled in Belleville about the year 1820, but after practicing his profession for a number of years, moved to another city. DR. ADOLPHUS REUSS Adolphus Reuss was one of the old citizens in the vicinity of Shiloh. He was born in Frankfort-on-the-Main, in Ger- many, November 28, 1804. He was the youngest of a family of eight children. He early manifested an inclination to lit- erary pursuits, and as soon as he had finished the necessary preparatory studies, he entered the University of Gottingen, from which institution he graduated in 1825 with the degree of M. D. He took graduate work in Paris and Berlin and thereby secured as thorough an education as could be ob- tained at that time in the field of medicine. After completing his studies he practiced his profession in Frankfort, his native city, as long as he lived in Europe. Like many of the educated young men of that day in Germany, he took an active interest in politics. He was not in sympathy with the existing form of go vernment in Germany, but desired to live in a land of freedom, free institutions and independence. Accordingly he bade farewell to his native land and came to America in 1834. He came west as far as the Mississippi Valley and after traveUing extensively through IlUnois, Iowa, and Mis- souri, he chose St. Clair County, Illinois, as the most desir- able place of residence. Accordingly he purchased two hun- dred acres of land near Shiloh, which at that time was mostly covered with timber. Upon this he settled and made his home for the remainder of his life. This was in a day when there were but few German immigrants, in comparison with the multitudes who came later. His former professional and city life were not calculated to fit him for the work of the pioneer. Yet in spite of these handicaps he successfully adapted himself to the conditions of the early settler, pro- vided a good home for his family, and diligently practiced his profession. He succeeded in building up a large medical practice and was recognized as one of the ablest physicians Four Hundred and Ssv in all this region. He took an interest in the affairs of his country and the political movements of the times. He was associated with the Democratic party until slavery became the absorbing topic of the day, and since he was strongly opposed to human slavery he allied himself with the party of Abraham Lincoln and was a Republican the rest of his life. While he was interested in politics he never would con- sent to become a candidate for any office, preferring to give his entire energies to his profession and the interests of his home. He was a man of literary attainments and culture. In his youth he was a diligent student of the languages. He was fond of reading and accumulated a large library of books in Greek, Latin, Italian, French, German, and English. He was acquainted with all these languages. This library is mostly intact m the old fimily home and cont.uns many rare volumes that would be counted as treasures by the bibliophile. He erected a fine country mansion of spacious proportions and provided with all the comforts that could be had in a country home m those days, and here abundant hospitality was dispensed by the doctor and his large family. His wife was also a native of Frankfort. They were the par- ents of nine children, all of whom grew to maturity. All but three are still hving, and of the living, all but one are residents of St. Clair County. The doctor lived a long and useful life which ended May 7, 1878. His wife died a few years before. His youngest son, Ferdinand, with his family now lives in the old home and is ever ready to exhibit its treasures to all who are interested. Four Hundred and Sc, CHAPTER VIII. Some Lawyers of St. Clair County tr HE Fi ( andl iRST Lawyer to practice the profession in Illinois, hence the first in St. Clair County, was John Rice Jones. He was born in Wales, February lo, 1759. He received a thorough classical education and studied law in England. He was a good linguist, being well-acquainted with Greek, Latin, and French, besides the English. His sound logical mind also enabled him to become an excellent math- ematician, and he preferred mathematics to any other science. He was, in fact, an accomplished scholar, and with his thor- ough preparation soon became a scientific and profound law- yer, and throughout his life he was an able and enlightened expounder of the law. In 1780 he came to Philadelphia and practiced law there a few years. In 1787, the year the North- west Territory was organized, he located in Vincennes. In 1788 he assisted William Biggs in effecting a release from captivity with the Indians and returning to his family at the New Design settlement. In 1790 Jones left Vincennes and settled in Kaskaskia, which was then in St. Clair County. In f ict that was the same year the county was organized. He was a man of strong passions which sometimes swept over his reason like a tornado. His friendships were ardent and sincere, and his hatred and anger were excessively scath- ing for the moment. When his feelings of ire were excited, his words burned his victim like drops of molten lead on the naked skin. He was mild and amiable until some injury or insult was offered him, then he burst asunder all restraints and stood out the fearless champion of his rights, bidding defiance to all opposition. He practiced law in important cases at different times in various courts of the western country. At Louisville, Ky., Vincennes, Indiana, and later, in many of the courts of Missouri. In 1810 he left Illinois and settled in St. Louis. The remainder of his life was spent in Missouri, and he finally became a member of the Supreme Court of that state. His decisions in the Supreme Court were always much respected by the bar and the public. He died in St. Louis in 1824, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. On his death bed he said he did not desire to live any longer, as he could be of no further service to his family or his country, and might be a source of trouble if he should live longer. He was perfectly resigned to his fate and died with that calm composure which naturally attends the exit of that noblest work of God, an honest man. In person, Judge Jones was small, but erect and active. His complexion was dark and his hair and eyes very black. When excited, his eye was very severe and piercing. His integrity and honor were above suspicion. He was exemplary in his moral habits and lived a temperate and orderly life in all things. He left a large and respectable family, and several of his sons have held important offices in the country. One of them became a United States Senator from Iowa. It seems proper here to give a brief sketch of his oldest son. Rice Jones. He was a young man of great ability and promise, educated for the medical profession but afterwards changing to the law, he had finished his legal education and began the practice of law at Kaskaskia while his father was located at that place. He entered the field of politics and immediately attained a position of leadership in his own party. Party spirit raged in Kaskaskia at that time with a violence scarcely equalled at any time since. Young Jones caught the mania and became excessively zealous. He had been elected to the Legislature, and reaching such a position of prominence at so early an age, he naturally aroused the jealousy of some other politicians. A controversy, growing out of politics, arose between him and Shadrach Bond, who afterward became Governor of Illinois. A duel was arranged for as a means of settling the matter. The two men, with their seconds, met on an island in the Mississippi between Kaskaskia and St. Genevieve. When they had their positions, but before the signal to fire had been given, Jones ' pistol, having a hair trigger, went off by accident. Dunlap, the second of Bond, said that was Jones ' fire and that now Bond should be permitted to fire at Jones. But Bond, with that greatness of soul that appeared in all his actions, said, It was an accident. Then after some friendly discussion, Jones and Bond settled their controversy without further appeal to arms, and went away friends. But a bitter quarrel arose between Jones and Dunlap. This controversy waxed warmer and more malignant until at last Dunlap shot Jones on the public streets of Kaskaskia. Jones was standing in the street talking with a lady when Dunlap came up behind him and shot him dead with a pistol. This horrible murder shocked the community and to some extent quieted the party feuds for a time. This murder occurred in 1809 when Jones was in the twenty-eighth year of his age. Dunlap escaped to Texas and was never punished by the temporal courts. Four Hundred and Snentv-Tu MC KENDREE ISAAC DARNIELLE In the year 1794 Isaac Darnielle arrived in Cahokia, and remained m the west for several years. He practiced law, having settled m Cahokia six years later than John Rice Jones came to Kaskaskia, and was therefore the second lawyer who practiced in the courts of Illinois. He was a classic scholar and was in person very genteel, with agreeable and polished manners. He was large and portly and always made it a point to be extremely neat in dress, and very attentive to his personal appearance. The material for this sketch was taken from Governor Reynolds ' account of Mr. Darnielle, and the Governor seems to pride himself on being a sort ot scripture biographer, who tells the whole truth about his subject, whether it is complimentary or not. He says that Mr. Darnielle studied all the arts and mysteries of gallantry, and thereby made a deep and lasting impression on his lady friends. Rumor said that he had been educated in Maryland for the ministry, but that his gallantry was too strong for the proper observance of gospel precepts. It was even said that he studied the ladies more than he did the law. It was also rumored that he had been in charge of a church as pastor for some time, but one day took French leave of his congregation, and next appeared in Cahokia. He possessed a strong intellect, and was well disciphned in things intel- lectual. With these advantages, it did not take him long to gain a fair knowledge of the law. He was an easy agreeable speaker and made a fine personal appearance. These qualities made him conspicuous and popular as a professional barrister. The courts and juries of that day were not remarkably well- versed m technical learning and therefore he could practice his profession with easy confidence before these tribunals. He was said to be rather indolent except in the pursuit of the pleasures of gallantry, and in this pursuit he spared neither time nor effort. When in a frenzied state of love for a married lady of Cahokia, and the lady in the same deHghtful state of mind, they took a snap judgment on the husband and escaped to Peoria, where it is said they lived on love for many years, while the husband, instead of pursuing them, remained in Cahokia in sullen silence. It is claimed that, altho this gentleman had numerous love affairs, yet he never married according to the laws of Illinois. It was also rumored that he left a married wife in Maryland who was an obstacle to a second marriage in this country. He had no malice or bitterness m his composition, but seemed to believe that the summum bonum, according to his philoso- phy, was an easy, luxurious life. He was moral and correct in his behavior, except m the one point above referred to. He never indulged m drinking or gambling, but frequently slept all day and made the evenings extend all night in the sight or hearing of his terrestrial angel. At one time he was the beau ideal of Cahokia. His talents, his gay and graceful manners, together with his penchant for this sort of life, m some measure justified his being called the Lord Chesterfield of Cahokia. As long as he retained his youthful vigor and vivacity, this sort of life passed off very pleasantly, but when old age crept upon him and his former pursuits were abandoned from necessity, he suddenly found himself an old man without sincere friends or means of support. In his old age he went to Kentucky and engaged m teaching school. He died in i8jo. Reynolds makes brief mention of a number of other law- yers who belong to the early history of St. Clair County. BENJAMIN H. DOYLE Benjamin H. Doyle, an Attorney-at-Law, emigrated from Knox County, Tennessee and settled in Kaskaskia m the year iSo ' ?. He practiced m the courts of both St. Clair and Randolph Counties. He possessed good natural qualifica ' tions and would have made a good lawyer if he had given more attention to study. He was appointed Attorney-Gen- eral, but resigned the office m 1S09 and left the country. JAMES HAGGIN James Haggin was born in Kentucky and emigrated to Illinois in 1804. He settled near Kaskaskia and built a house in the wilderness, as it was then, several miles from town, and the head of Gravelly Creek. He practiced law for some years in the courts of both Randolph and St. Clair Counties, and was a very promising young man. He then went back to Kentucky, where he eventually reached a position of con- siderable promise. JOHN RECTOR John Rector located in Kaskaskia in 1806. He opened a law office and practiced in the courts of both counties. He belonged to a prominent family among the early settlers of Illinois. He practiced his profession for a few years attend- ing court both m Kaskaskia and Cahokia, and then left the country. WILLIAM MEARS William Mears was the first attorney who made Cahokia his permanent residence after Darnielle. He came to the village in 1808 and commenced the practice of law. He was born in Ireland in 176S and after receiving his education in his native land, came to America. He landed in Philadelphia and taught school for some years in Pennsylvania. At the age of forty he decided to go west, and came into Cahokia as if he had dropped from the clouds, without a horse, books. Four Hundred and Se: MC KENDREE letters, surplus clothes, or anything except himself, a mther singular and uncouth looking Irishman. He had read law while he was teaching school, so he was now ready to enter upon the practice of his profession. He possessed a strong mind and a retentive memory, and by close application and severe study, he acquired a profound knowledge of the law, and was intelligent and well-informed in other lines also. He was appointed Attorney General for the Territory of IlHnois in 1814 and made an able and efficient officer. When the county seat was moved to Belleville, he changed his residence to that place and made that his home for the re- mainder of his life. He died in 1824. SAMUEL DAVIDSON In 1809 Samuel Davidson, a lawyer from Kentucky, came and settled in Cahokia. He was a decently behaved young man, and generally correct in conduct, but did not exhibit much force of character or make much impression on his fellow citizens in the ancient county seat. He wrote a beau- tiful hand, which seemed to be the chief of his accomplish- ments. He taught school for a time in Cahokia and made a living that way, since his services as a lawyer did not seem to be much appreciated. At the beginning of the War of 18 1 2, he entered the military service and held some office in the Quartermaster ' s Department. Soon after the close of the war he left Cahokia and Illinois. RUSSELL HEACOCK Russell Heacock began the practice of law in St. Clair County in 1808. Cahokia was the logical place for a lawyer at that time, since it was the county seat of the oldest and most important county in the state. A fews years later he married a lady from Jonesboro, a new settlement farther south than Kaskaskia. He then moved to that place for a few years, but either because the demand for legal advice was not sufficient there, or else he wanted to get into a smaller town, he moved to Chicago. We are told that Chi ' cago did not have more than one hundred people as late as 1830. Here he acquired a considerable amount of property while it was cheap and afterward became wealthy. GUSTAVUS KOERNER Of the many prominent citizens who have claimed the city of Belleville as their home, perhaps none has been more highly honored than Gustavus Koerner, who lived there for more than sixty years. He was born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, in Germany, November 20, 1809. He was educated at the Universities of Jena, Munich, and Heidelberg, graduating in law from the last named in 1831, at the age of twenty -two. Two years later it became necessary for him to leave his native country because he had participated in a petty political in- surrection which had for its aim the enlargement of the liberties of the common people. This movement was doomed to failure from the start, because large standing armies are not overthrown by resolutions, however eloquent they may be. After its failure, those who had participated were subject to arrest and imprisonment. So Mr. Koerner remained in hiding for some time with some of his friends, and then, dressed as a woman, and in company with his sister, Augusta, he passed the gates of Frankfort without being recognized and escaped to France. He was joined here by his college friend, Theodore Engelmann, who had also taken part in the uprising. They reached Havre just as the Englemann family were about to sail for America, as emigrants. He joined the group of emigrants and they reached New York June 17, 1833. Here in the Marine Court of New York City he registered his intention to become a citizen of the United States. Many others of the party did likewise among whom were Frederick Engelmann and his son, Theodore, Henry Abend and John Scheel, all of whom afterwards became citizens of St. Clair County. It might be stated here that before they reached New York young Koerner and Sophia Engelmann, Theodore ' s sis- ter, were engaged to be married. This plan was carried out in 1836, after the young man ' s financial outlook was such as to justify his assuming the responsibiUties of a family. In order to secure admission to the bar in Illinois he at- tended a law school for a year at Lexington, Kentucky. In June, 1835, he successfully passed the examination before the Supreme Court in Vandalia, which was then the capital of the state. Having had a thorough university training be- fore he came to Americ a, being able to speak fluently either English, French, or German, having great native ability, and a patriotic love for his adopted country, he soon became a very popular citizen and at once stepped into a position of leadership in his own city and state. In the presidential campaign of 1840 he spoke at public meetings in all parts of the state. After their vote was cast, the presidential electors of Illinois selected him as their messenger to carry their vote to Washington, D. C. His journey from Belleville to Wash ' ington took fourteen days of continuous travel. That was twice as long as it would take now to go from Belleville to London. While he was in Washington, Governor Reynolds, who was then a member of Congress, but Koerner ' s fellow- citizen in Belleville, introduced him to President Van Buren, John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Four Hundred and SeventyFou MC KENDREE Henry Clay, and Thomas H. Benton. To meet these famous men was a great privilege to a rising young lawyer and one that he very much appreciated. During his career in the law at Belleville, he was for some years a member of the firm of Snyder, Koerner and Shields. When political appointment and death had dissolved this iirm, he formed a partnership with William H. Bissell, who afterward became Governor of Ilhnois. At another time he was the law partner of Colonel William R. Morrison. In 1852 he was elected Lieutenant- Governor of Illinois, and served a term in that office with the Hon. Joel Matteson as Governor. He was a personal friend of Abraham Lincoln. Early m the Civil War days he was instrumental in getting Ulysses S. Grant appointed to a position in the army of Illinois, which gave him a chance to start on his wonderfu l military career which made him the most conspicuous figure in the nation after the death of Lincoln. President Lincoln was anxious to appoint Judge Koerner to some position of honor and trust under the gov ernment. He offered him a place in the United States Supreme Court. But at that time the salary of the supreme Justices was so small that Mr. Koerner felt that it would not be sufficient to support his large family in Washington City, where living has always been expensive. So he was compelled to decline the honor. Later the president appointed him United States Minister to the Court of Sp.iin. He accepted this appointment, and while there wrote a book on Spain, giving excellent descriptions of her great buildings and art works. He is also author of several other books and numerous pamphlets on various subjects. He was also a success on the lecture platform, and he was one of the founders of the Belle ville Public Library. His home life was beautiful. His wife travelled the journey of life with him for fifty-two years. She and five of their eight children preceded him to the spirit world. Then after eight more busy years here, he too passed on, April 9, i8q6, having spent eighty-seven years in this world, of which more than sixty were patriotically devoted to the land of his adoption. Four Hundred and SeventyFn MC KENDREE CHAPTER IX. Governors of r!!i?ioi5 from St. Clair County OF The twenty-four governors of Illinois, six, or one fourth of the whole number, have been residents for d considerable portion of their life, in St. Clair Cbun- ty. This fact is a remarkable testimony to the importance of St. Clair County in the great State of Illinois. We have thought it worth while to devote a chapter to these six chief executives of Illinois as a group of St. Clair County citizens. Their names, in the order m which they served, are. Ninian Edwards, John Reynolds, Thomas Ford, Augustus C. French, William H. Bissell, and Charles S. Deneen. GOV. NINIAN EDWARDS Ninian Edwards was born in Montgomery County, Mary land, in the year 1775. His parents were wealthy and respect ' able, and his education was commenced under favorable auspices. One of his schoolmates was the Hon. William Wirt, the great legal authority. He was prepared for college under the tuition of the Reverend Mr. Hunt, a respectable clergyman of his native state. He was then matriculated at Dickinson College, at Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He did not graduate, but left college at the age of nineteen. He also left his home at the same time to try his fortune in the state of Kentucky. Nature bestowed upon Mr. Edwards some of her rarest gifts. He had a mind of extraordinary compass and an industry that utilized every spark of talent with which nature had endowed him. His intellect was naturally strong and vigorous, and the development he had achieved by reason of diligent application to study, made him a really superior man. Of his career in Kentucky we have scant record but it is stated that he achieved a position of prominence in legal cir- cles before he left that state. He came to Illinois some time prior to the year 1809. On the twenty-third of February, 1809 only a few days after the birth of Abraham Lincoln, the territory of Illinois was established. The boundaries of this territory were the same as the present boundaries of the state except that on the north, Illinois extended as far as the north- ern boundary of the United States. The Federal Government organized the territorial government and appointed officers to administer the laws. Ninian Edwards was appointed Govern- or, Nathaniel Pope, Secretary, and William Sprig, Jesse B. Thomas, and Alexander Stuart, judges. These officers for the most part were men of talent and loyalty, and so gave char- acter and standing to the new government. The separate organization of the Illinois country gave a great impulse to immigration. The new Governor did much to encourage peo- ple to come to the new country. Among the advertising agencies which he encouraged was a newspaper called the Illinois Herald , which was started at Kaskaskia in the fall of 1809. It was the first newspaper published in Illinois. Its first editor and proprietor was Matthew Duncan from Ken- tucky. In 1815 the paper was purchased by Robert Blackwell and Daniel P. Cook who continued it for a number of years. Governor Edwards was appointed by President Madison and continued in office until Illinois became a state in 1818. He established by proclamation four new counties in 1812, name- ly, Madison, Johnson, Pope and Gallatin. He ordered an election for the sixteenth day of September of that year to elect members of the legislature. By his proclamation this Assembly was convened at Kaskaskia on November 25, 1812. This was the first legislative body elected by the people, that ever assembled in Illinois. The Territory contained six organ- ized counties, since St. Clair and Randolph had been organ- ized previous to the four by Governor Edwards. The General Assembly had twelve members, five in the council and seven in the house of representatives. It seems that Pope County had no member in the council at that session. John Thomas of St. Clair County was elected clerk of the Council and William C. Greenup of Randolph, clerk of the House. One door-keeper served for both houses, and each branch occupied a room in the same house. It is said that the whole assembly boarded at one house and slept in the same room in Kaskaskia. The members of the Council were, William Biggs of St. Clair, Samuel Judy of Madison, Pierre Menard of Randolph, Thomas Ferguson of Johnson, and Benjamin Talbot of Galla- tin. The members of the House were, Joshua Oglesby and Jacob Short of St. Clair, William Jones of Madison, George Fisher of Randolph, Phillip Trammel and Alexander Wilson of Gallatin, and John Grammar of Johnson. This legislature did much and finished in record time so that it was not a long session and did not consume any great amount of the tax- payers ' money. Edwards was very active and energetic in his youthful days and the War of 1812 gave him ample opportunity for the exercise of his talents and energies. The country was weak and by reason of the scattered condition of the settlements was difficult to defend against the numerous attacks and annoyances of the Indians who were aided and assisted in Four Hundrei and Siimt -St MC KENDREE their marauding type of warfare by the British. But Governor Edwards seemed equal to the emergency and performed his duties in a very satisfactory manner. He attended to the defense ot the country m person ,ind was present in person m ahnost every important transaction of the war. He remained at home with his family a very small part of the time during the whole GOVERNOR EDWARDS period in which the country was m a state of war. In 1818 he was elected to the United States Senate, and he per- formed the duties of this high office with an ability and force of character that was very acceptable both to that dignified body, the Senate, and the state which he repre- sented. In 1826 he was elected Governor of the State of Illi- nois and gave to this important trust all his experience, talents, and energies, and made one of the best governors the state has had. In after years his son, Ninian Edwards, Jr., became the first Superintendent of Public Instruction in the State of Illinois. When Governor Edwards retired from office at the close of his term in 1830 he made his home in Belleville where he owned property and had many friends. When the cholera was raging in Belleville m 183 j, he was out night and day attending to the wants of those who were afflicted with that terrible plague, and relieving suffering wherever he found It possible. His knowledge of medicine and his true benevolence made him a most effective helper of the sick and suffering. By reason of his great anxiety and his efforts to save the sick, he himself contracted the fell disease and died in the city of Belleville only a few hours after it seized upon him, July 20, 1833,. JOHN REYNOLDS John Reynolds, later governor of Illinois, became a resident of St. Clair county in 1814, at which time he opened a law office in Cahokia. He was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, February 6, 1788. His father. Robert Reynolds and his mother, Margaret Moore, were natives of Ireland. When he was six months old his parents moved to east Ten- nessee and settled near where Knoxville was founded three years later. In 1800 the family left Tennessee with the inten- tion of settling in Missouri, then under Spanish rule, but when they reached Kaskaskia they were induced to settle there, because west of the Mississippi river the children must be trained m the Catholic faith ;,md the Reynolds ' were Protestants. Robert Reynolds was a member of the Indiana Territorial Legislature and served as Justice ot the Peace. In 1807 the family moved to a location in the Goshen settlement It the foot of the Mississippi bluff three or four miles south- v e t of EdwardsviUe. In 1809 John went to east Tennessee md studied law in Knox County near the residence of his uncle, John. He was back in lUinois at the time of the breaking out of the war of 1812 and enlisted as a private in a company of ringers. He began the practice of law in 1814 and on the orgmizition of the State Government in 181S he was chosen by the Legislature as one of the Associate Judges of the Supreme Court. He held this position until 1824. He was several times a member of the Legislature and in 1830 after an exciting canvass with William Kinney as his opponent he was elected Governor. During his administration occurred the Black Hawk War. In 1834 he was elected to Congress from Illinois, but was defeated for the same office in 1836. In 1837 he was engaged in building a railroad from the foot of the bluff to the Mississippi opposite St. Louis. It was built for the purpose of conveying coal to market. This was the first railroad constructed m Illinois and was six miles long. In 1830 Reynolds was appointed by Governor Carlm as Commissioner to secure a loan for the completion of the Illinois and Michigan canal, and in the summer of that year he made a trip to Europe. Later he was twice chosen a member of the Legislature, in 1846 and in 1852, and when last a member he was made Speaker of the House of Representa- tives. Professor John Russell, speaking of Reynolds, to show how well known he was, said, Deposit a letter m any Post Office in Illinois, however remote or obscure, with no other superscription than these three words, ' The Old Ranger, ' and It would go straight to him at Belleville. Again he says, There is hardly an office within the gift of our people which he has not filled, and with distinguished honor. For several years past he has decUned all public employment, and with an ample fortune has retired into the shades of private life, but not a life of idleness. The mind of Governor Rey- nolds is much too active, both by nature and habit, to con- tent Itself with listless inanity. It is a remarkable fact that St. Clair County contains (1857) the only two Uving writers of the state whose productions have the slightest chance to outlive the passing hour and descend to other times. The Rev. Dr. Peck and Ex-Governor Reynolds, each in his own appropriate field, has collected and in part published a series of important facts in connection with the history of this Four Hundred and Sex MC KENDREE state, which but for their labors would have perished forever. For this the future sons and daughters of Illinois will hold them in grateful remembrance. Mr. Reynolds was married in 1817, at the age of twenty nine, to a handsome Creole widow, the daughter of Julien Dubuque. She was born in Cahokia in 1789 and was first married to a Canadian Indian trader named La Croix. At the beginning of the War of 1812 he left his wife, Httle son, and daughter, and went to Canada. Nothing more was heard of him at Cahokia for more than three years. He was supposed to be dead; and then Mrs. La Croix married another Cana- dian, Joseph Manegle, who was a widower with one daugh- ter. Soon after this marriage. La Croix, like Enoch Arden, reappeared with a story that he had been pressed into the British military service, and had no means of communi- cating with his family. Mrs. Manegle, however, remained with her second husband until his death, which occurred about a year later. Then she did not return to her first husband, but some time afterward married John Reynolds. She was an attractive woman, graceful and charming in manner, a Catholic in religion, and possessed many noble qualities of heart and mind, but had very little education, and almost no knowledge of the English language. Accord- ingly, her husband learned the Creole dialect that was com- monly used in Cahokia, and later acquired a reading knowl- edge of French. They lived in or near Cahokia until 183 1, when during his term of ofiice as governor, Mr. Reynolds changed his residence to Belleville. There Mrs. Reynolds died in 1834 and was buried in Cahokia. The governor ' s second marriage was to Miss Sarah Wilson, of Georgetown, D. C, while he was a member of Congress. She was a tall, stately and highly cultured lady, more than twenty years his junior. He brought her back to lUinois with him and pur- chased an elegant residence where he and his beautiful and cultured wife lived happily together for nearly thirty years. Neither of the governor ' s marriages was blessed with chil- dren, but he reared and provided for his three step-children with as much affectionate care as a real father might lavish upon them. Having acquired a competence, he devoted his declining years to the management of his private business and the writing of several books. The first one was The Pioneer History of Illinois. This was published in 1852. His method of writing, according to his friend. Dr. John F. Snyder, was peculiarly his own. He used no desk or table, but with a pencil tablet resting on his knee, he wrote con- tinuously, regardless of the conversation of those about him. He rarely ever revised or rewrote a single word or sentence. When the book was finished he did not have strong confi- dence in it as a best seller, so he decided to publish it with as little expense as possible. He bought an old hand press and a lot of type, installed them in his law office, and hired printers who were out of work to print the book for him. The volume is not logically arranged, but contains much valuable information. Its quaint but vivid pictures of pioneer life cannot be found elsewhere. Dr. Snyder says that if he had been otherwise unknown, this volume alone would have rendered his name imperishable as long as the name of Illinois endures. In 1854 he made an adventure into the field of fiction and wrote The Adventures of John Kelly. It was a flat failure. In 1855 he published from his own printing office the History of My Own Times. In contrast with the Pioneer History, the book is divided into one hundred and twenty-five short chapters. As might be expected, the me- chanical work was poor and the book was outwardly un- attractive. Only four hundred copies were printed. In the fall of that year only a few copies had been sold, so the author loaded up almost the entire edition and hauled them in a wagon to Chicago where he left them with D. B. Cooke, a leading book dealer, to be sold. Two years later a fire in Chicago destroyed the book store, and with it the whole stock of Reynolds ' books. There were then perhaps not more than a dozen copies in existence. It was reprinted in 1879 by the Chicago Historical Society, but copies of the original edition are so rare that a bibliophile has been known to offer as much as seventy-five dollars for one. In 1857 he published a little book entitled An Essay on the. Mind and its Education. It is supposed that the timely appearance of this book so full of educational wisdom caused his party to select him as a candidate for State Superintendent of Schools in 1858. Another Ex-Governor, Augustus C. French, was also running for the same office that year. But when the votes were counted, Newton Bateman had defeated them both. Another product of his pen was a sketch of Rev. John Mason Peck, issued in May, 1858, soon after the death of Dr. Peck. It was entitled Friendship ' s Offering and contained twenty-five chapters in thirty-four pages. It was not a biography but a piece of fulsome praise, intended as an evidence of regard for an old friend. With very few traits in common and many points of difference. Dr. Peck and Governor Reynolds were, nevertheless, for many years strangely attached to each other. They were as one in the advocacy of a high type of patriotism, national and personal honor, temperance, and education. Both were opposed to disturbing the institution of slavery where it existed, and Four Hundred and Setentv-Eig(.t MC KENDREE they both believed the condition of the southern negro was better as a slave than if free. Doctor Peck was a Yankee, a Whig, opposed to the extension of slavery, a religious en- thusiast, almost fanatical in his support of Sunday School and Foreign Missionary work, and detested profanity, im- morality, and vulgarity. Reynolds was a Democrat, despised Yankees, favored extension of slavery to every state and terntory, held Sunday Schools, missionaries and ministers in utmost contempt, was an inf idel, profane, and sometimes vulgar. Yet each sought the companionship of the other and held each other in high esteem. The governor ' s last literary production appeared in i860 when the country was in the throes of excitement and bitter discussion that immediately preceded the Civil War. Perhaps in a spirit of irony he labeled it The Balm of Gilead, and gave it the sub-title An Inquiry into the Right of American Slavery. It con- tained forty-eight pages and was a vigorous defense of the institution of slavery. He was himself a slave-holder until after the adoption of the Constitution of 1848, which finally extinguished the slave-holding which had existed at some points in the state before that time. He then employed none but negro servants in his home, to whom he was very kind, as he had always been to his slaves. In his old age the Gov- ernor, followed by a little colored boy, whom he called Veto, were familiar figures about the streets of Belleville. Veto and his mother were formerly the Governor ' s slaves and chose to remain with him after their emancipation. In the four years of the Civil War his sympathies were largely for the Southern cause. Conscious that he was beyond the pale of further office holding, he was no longer restrained by the fear of public censure, and he therefore gave free expression to his real sentiments. Only his advanced age and respect for his past services to the state saved him from arrest and imprisonment for his constant criticisms of the North and vehement laudation of the South. In the history of Illinois, he alone holds the distinction of having held the highest position in each of the three coordinate branches of state government. He was Governor, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and Speaker of the House of Representatives. He was a character full of contradictions. He was an Irishman, yet did not have any of the usual Irish traits. He never cared to fish or hunt. He had no music in his soul. He could not play any instrument, or sing, nor could he distinguish one tune from another. His father frequently drank to excess. The son never touched liquor or tobacco. He was strictly honest and honorable in all his dealings, but he ignored Christianity and favored negro slavery. In personal appear- ance he was full six feet tall and muscular, hut not fleshy- He was always well and neatly dressed. One biographer says of him, On the rostrum he was neither commanding nor graceful. His gestures were few and awkward. He was voluble without the slightest approach to eloquence. He spoke 111 an earnest hut conversational strain. His speeches were rambling and disconnected, but attractive because of their originality and witty illustrations. He died at his home in Belleville, May 8, 1865, at the age of seventy-seven. His wife survived him only a few months. They were both laid to rest in Walnut Hill Cemetery, where a suitable mon- ument has been erected to their memory. GOV. THOMAS FORD Thomas Ford was born at Uniontown, Pennsylvania, in the year 1800. When he was only two years old his father was killed m the mountains. In 1804, his mother, with her family of several children, set out for St. Louis, hoping to obtain a share in the free land grants which the Spanish government was making at that time to actual settlers. When she arrived, she found that the Spanish territory had been ceded to the United States, and there was no free land. After a brief period of indecision, she took her children and went to New Design, in Illinois, and located about three miles from the present town of Waterloo. Later they moved nearer the bluff where the family made their permanent home. It was within the bounds of St. Clair County until Monroe County was organized in 1816. So for twelve years Mr. Ford was a resident of St. Clair County. His mother was very anxious that her sons should receive a good edu- cation, and to this end practiced the most rigid economy with her slender means. Ford ' s half-brother, George Forquer, was a surveyor and laid out the town of Waterloo, which IS now the county seat of Monroe County. In 1823, Thomas Ford was admitted to the bar and practiced law for some years, was appointed Prosecuting Attorney by Governor Edwards and again by Governor Reynolds. Later he was elected Judge, and in 1842 was elected Governor of lUinois. He was a man of sound courage, a high sense of honor, and good judgment. The Mormon trouble in Illinois occurred during his term of office. He is the author of a history of Illinois which was published after his death, which occurred at Peoria, November 3, 1850. GOV. AUGUSTUS C. FRENCH Augustus Chaplin French was born in the village of Hill, New Hampshire, August 2, 1808. He had good early training by a Christian mother, was educated in the common schools and Dartmouth College, tho he did not graduate. He studied Four Hundred and Sei law in the office of Judge Moody, of Gillmanton, N. H., and was admitted to the bar in 183 1. In 1832 he came west and began the practice of his profession in Illinois. He first settled at Paris, in Edgar County. The same year Stephen A. Douglas moved from Vermont to Illinois. They both belong- ed to the same political party and soon became in- timate friendsandwere GOVERNOR FRENCH life-long associates in the Formerly President of McKendree affairs of government. For ™ ° ' ' two consecutive terms, from 1S36 to 1840, he was a member of the Illinois Legislature. He was also United States District Attorney in the Fourth District for some years. In 1839 he was appointed to take charge of the United States Land Office and was located at Palestine, Illinois. In 1844 he was presidential elector for his party and cast his ballot for James K. Polk. By 1846 he had become a well-known character in his part of the state and was talked of as a candidate for Congress to succeed Hon. O. B. Ficklin. However Mr. Ficklin desired to continue in the office, and in order to get Mr. French out of the way, suggested to his friends that they make him their candidate for governor. This plan was talked up and at the Democratic State Convention he was duly nominated. The Democratic Party was much the stronger at that time and he was elected by a large majority in November, 1846. The great problem of that state at that time was the financial one. Governor French was skillful in that field. It was the testimony of Reynolds in his Pioneer History that Governor French was a prudent and discreet executive officer. His administration stands preeminent above that of any other governor in several particulars. Before this time the State Auditor frequently issued orders beyond the appropriations or the ability of the state to pay. This compelled creditors to submit to large discounts and long delays in obtaining the money due them. Governor French made it his special aim to reduce the state finances to an orderly system. He so far succeeded that ever since that time the credit of the State of Illinois has been abso- lutely unquestioned, no matter what catastrophes might overtake the banks, or what financial crises might come to the country at large. He found the state carrying a burden of debt amounting to many millions and reduced it by one fourth while he was in office. He also took a keen interest in education and the cause of the common schools. He con- sidered the universal education of the people the noblest heritage which a generation may bequeath to its descendants. In every message to the Legislature he emphasized the im- portance of this great interest. The new constitution adopted in 1848 required that a governor be elected in November of that year and take the office in January, 1849. Mr. French had served only about half of his term, and since the new constitution prevented him from serving more of the term for which he was elected, it seemed only fair that he should be re-elected. This was done with great unanimity. It was the first time that any governor had been elected for the second time in Illinois. He therefore served from December, 1846, to January, 1853, or a little more than six years. After completing his service as chief execu- tive of the state, he retired from public life and devoted himself to the interests of his family, and especially the education of his children. When he was a youth of nineteen he was left an orphan by the death of his mother, to whom he gave his promise that he would take care of his four younger brothers. This pledge he faithfully carried out, and on account of this obligation, he did not marry till late in life. He was thirty-five years old when he was united in marriage to Lucy M. South worth, a native of New York State. They had five children, three sons and two daughters. The sons were educated at McKendree and the daughters at Monticello Seminary, at Godfrey, Illinois, since at that time McKendree did not admit women as students. The oldest son, William Richmond, died August 4, 1864, when he was only twenty years old and just after he had completed his course at McKendree. He was a Christian boy and died a triumphant death, which greatly impressed the youth of the community. Exactly one month later, his father passed into the great beyond. The memorial sermon delivered by Dr. Allyn, then president of the college, has been preserved in print. The second son, Edward Livingston, graduated from McKendree in 1866. His college course was interrupted by his service in the Civil War, where he ranked as Lieu- tenant. He also studied law, but spent most of his life as a teacher in New York State and later in California. He was married in 1870, to Miss Mary Wells, of St. Louis. They had four children, three of whom grew up. Mrs. French died in 1904 and her husband spent his last years in the Soldiers ' Home at Sawtelle, near Los Angeles, where he died only recently. The third son, Charles, attended McKendree Four Hundred and Eighty MC KENDREE and then a theological seminary in the east. He eventually became an Episcopal Minister and has held pastorates in New York. The elder daughter, Augusta Carroll, married Mr. C. M. Wicker, of Chicago, and the younger. May, married Dr. John L. Hodgeman, who lived at that time in Colorado, but later they moved to Brownsville, Texas. Both these daughters, the eldest son, and the parents now lie buried in the family lot in College Hill Cemetery. Governor French was the founder of the Law Department in McKendree and Its head until his death. He was also a member of the Board of Trustees almost from the time he came to Lebanon, and the president of that body at the time of his death, which occurred September 4, 1864. His monument bears a remark- able inscription which appropriately characterizes the man and his career. It reads as follows: A man, true, kind and noble; a citizen, just, generous and honorable; a public officer, upright, philanthropic, energetic and faithful; a hus- band and father, affectionate, wise, and good; a Christian, humble, charitable and trusting. He endeavored to live as a Christian from his early youth, as a result of the teachings of his mother, but he did not join the Methodist Church until after his marriage, and even then he rarely participated in the sacrament of the Lord ' s Supper because his great humihty of spirit led him to doubt whether he was worthy of that high privilege. The old French residence is still one of the most attractive looking homes on Belleville Street in the city of Lebanon. GOV. WILLIAM H. BISSELL William H. Bissell was born in Yates County, New York, in April, 181 1. His early associations led him to choose the medical profession for his life work. After completing his elementary education he attended the Jefferson Medical Col- lege in Philadelphia, where he graduated in 1834. In those days the Great West was looked upon by most young men of the East as the place to seek their fortunes. As a matter of course, he was poor, so he decided to try his fortunes m Illinois. He came to this state m 1837 and first went to Jefferson County, but there he suffered a long and severe illness, which not only used up his small supply of money, but so discouraged him that he decided to enlist in the United States Army. With this intention he went to Jeffer- son Barracks, but his bodily vigor was so reduced by his long illness that he was unable to pass the physical examina- tion. He then returned to IHinois, but stopped in Monroe County and engaged in school teaching for a time, in the American Bottom. But this work did not appeal to him, so he soon abandoned it ,ind began to practice his profession. In a short time he had a lucrative medical practice. He had good social qualities, w.is well-educated for that time, and was naturally thrown in company more or less with the leading politicians of the community where he lived. It was not long until he was making political speeches himself, and increasing his acquaintance and popularity among the people. His gifts as an orator soon gave him precedence over many other aspiring young men, and in 1840 he was nominated for the Legislature on the Democratic ticket and was elected. In this position he had his first real opportunity to show his ability as a political leader. At the end of his term he decided to study law and make that his profession. He at- tended the Law school at Lexington, Kentucky, and after graduating he located at Belleville for the practice of his profession. Not long afterward he was elected to the office of Prosecuting Attorney. He filled this office with great efficiency. He never prosecuted unless convinced of the guilt of the accused, and then he rarely failed to convince the jury also that he was guilty. His powers of oratory were such that his closing address nearly always overcame the efforts ot the ablest attorneys. When the Mexican War broke out he enlisted as a private soldier in the Second Regiment of Illinois Infantry. He was soon made a captain and later colonel of the regiment, which he commanded with great credit, both to himself and his men. Especially at the battle of Buena Vista did he show himself a gallant leader. The odds were heavy. There were twenty thousand Mexicans against less than five thousand Americans. Yet the Mexicans were utterly routed and suffered heavy losses. When the Second Regiment returned home the people of St. Clair County gave them such a welcome as had never been seen before in Illinois. A great barbecue was held on July 28, 1847. A immense crowd assembled. The address of wel- come was delivered by Judge Koerner in his usual able and eloquent manner. The response was by Colonel Bissell. It was a masterpiece of oratory. His war record made him the most popular man in the Congressional District, so he was elected to Congress in 1848, and again in 1850. In 1852 he refused to accept the nomination of the Democratic Con- ve ntion as before, but ran as an independent candidate and was elected for a third term. In this session of Congress the fierce warfare for the extension of slavery which was waged by certain Democratic leaders of the South drove many former adherents away from that party forever, among them Colonel Bissell. During this session he was challenged to a duel with Jefferson Davis because he defended the prowess d and Eighty-One of his Illinois regiment at Beuna Vista, to the detriment, as Davis thought, of the Mississippi regiment, which he was trying to glorify. He promptly accepted and chose as the weapons, muskets loaded with buckshot, at forty paces, with the privilege of advancing to ten before firing. His war record made it pretty clear that he would advance to ten and that it would likely mean death to both parties. President Taylor felt called upon to interfere in behalf of the safety of his son-in-law, and was able to secure an amicable adjustment without compromising the honor of either party. At a convention of all parties opposed to slavery, at Bloomington, Illinois, on May 29, 1856, he was nominated for governor oflUinois. Such men as Lincoln, Yates, Oglesby, Koerner, and others of similar rank were delegates at the convention. He was elected in the following November and thus became the first Republican governor of Illinois. He did not live to finish his term, but died at Springfield, March 18, i860, while he was still under fifty years of age. One of his biographers says, Of all the great men I have met, the one most prodigally dowered with eminent qualities was William H. Bissell. Nature lavished upon him many of her choicest gifts of both brain and heart, but envious fate prescribed a cruel limitation to their matured use and enjoy- ment, for death claimed him when he was still in the prime vigor of his remarkable endowments. GOV. CHARLES S. DENEEN Of all the St. Clair County governors, Charles Samuel Deneen has been the most closely identified with the county and with McKendree College, though Governor French was actually a member of the faculty. An adequate biography of him appears elsewhere in this work, so we give here only a brief sketch and mention some facts which probably do not appear in the other place. He belongs to an old and honorable family reaching back to the days of the Revolutionary War. He is a lineal descendant of Risdon Moore, a native of Delaware, who after serving in the Revolutionary War until its close, moved to Georgia, but after twenty years of residence, influenced by an increas- ing dislike to the institution of slavery, he came with his family to Illinois that he might spend the remainder of his days on free soil. He was a citizen of St. Clair County for the rest of his life and now lies buried in the beautiful Shiloh Cemetery, where the Daughters of the American Revolution unveiled a monument to his honor in 1825. His daughter was the wife of Rev. William L. Deneen, who came from Pennsylvania to Illinois in an early day and became a Meth- odist circuit rider and a member of the Illinois Conference. He was a graduate of McKendree, having received the first B. S. degree which the college conferred. He was also a member of the Board of Trustees, and after he retired from the Itinerancy he was the official surveyor of St. Clair County for many years. His son, Samuel H. Deneen, the father of our subject, was a graduate of McKendree and for thirty years a member of the faculty. He spent the greater part of his life in St. Clair County. Of his four children, Charles S. was the second, but all were graduates of McKendree. Another great-grandfather was Nathan Horner, who was one of the founders of McKendree and its first treasurer. His grandfather, Hiram K. Ashley, was a prominent citizen of Lebanon and a trustee of McKendree. Mr. Deneen ' s connection with McKendree College is therefore a close relation involving various members of the family during the entire history of the college. He himself graduated in the class of 1882 and became a trustee in 1900, so that he has held that relationship for twenty-eight years, and for a num- ber of years he was president of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Deneen began the practice of law in Chicago in the eighties. In 1895 he was elected attorney for the Sanitary District of Chicago. In 1896 he was chosen state ' s attorney for Cook County and again in 1900. He was elected governor of Illinois in 1904 and again in 1908. Even while he was gov- ernor and had his strength taxed by the burdens of the office, he did not neglect his alma mater. He used his influence in her behalf wherever he could and attended the commence- ment occasions whenever it was at all possible. McKendree very properly gave him the degree of Doctor of Laws in 1905. After completing his two terms as Governor he again engaged in the practice of law in Chicago until he was elected United States Senator in 1924 Four Himdred and Eighty-Two TZr HEN THE great novelist Charles Dickens made his tour III of America in 1842 he included St. Louis in his Itinerary. While there he expressed desire to see a prairie. He was just across the river from the Prairie State so some friends of his who knew the way volunteered to take him to see the famous Looking Glass Prairie which lies in the eastern edge of St. Clair County. Dickens gives a vivid and partly humorous description of this journey in his American Notes . The party left St. Louis one morning in early spring when in this section the climate is so variable and the temperature is subject to sudden changes and it is difficult to forecast from one day to the next whether the traveller will need a fan or an overcoat. They crossed the river on a ferry boat and took special carriages for the trip driving first to Belleville. There had been recent rams and Dickens complains of the muddy roads He says, We had a pair of very strong horses, but travelled at the rate of little more than a couple of miles an hour, through one unbroken slough of black mud and water. It had no variety but in depth. Now it was only half over the wheels, now it hid the axletree, and now the coach sank down in it almost to the windows. The air resounded in all directions with the loud croaking of the frogs. Here and there we passed a log hut, but the wretched cabins were wide apart and thinly scattered. For tho the soil is very rich in this place, few people can exist in such a deadly atmos- phere. They reached Belleville about noon and stopped for lunch at the hotel known as the Belleville House The following is a part of his description of Belleville and his visit there. Belleville was a small collection of wooden houses huddled together in the very heart of the bush and swamp. Many of them had singularly bright doors of red and yellow; for the place had been lately visited by a travelling painter, who got along, I was told, by ' eating his way ' . The criminal court was sitting and was at that moment trying some criminals for horse-stealing; with whom it would most likely go hard. Live-stock of all kinds, being necessarily very much exposed in the woods, is held by the community in rather higher value than human life; and for this reason juries generally make a point of finding all men indicted for horse- stealing, guilty whether or no. The horses belonging to the bar, the judge, and the wit- nesses were tied to temporary racks set up roughly in the road; by which is to be understood a forest path, nearly knee deep in mud and slime. CHAPTER X. Charles Dic eiis vxsxXs St. C a y County There was a hotel in this place which, like all hotels m had its large dining room for the public table. It is Americ an odd shambling, low-roofed outho use, half cow-shed and half kitchen, with a coarse brown canvas table cloth, and tin sconces stuck against the walls to hold candles at supper time. Our horseman had gone forward to have coffee and some eat- ables prepared, and they were by this time nearly ready. He had ordered ' wheat bread and chicken fixings ' in preference to ' corn bread and common doings ' . From Belleville we went on thru the same desolate kind of waste, and constantly attended, without the interval of a moment by the same music, namely the croaking of the frogs. At three o ' clock in the afternoon we halted at a village called Lebanon to give the horses some needed refreshment. Pending this ceremony I walked into the village, where I met a tuU-sized dwelling house coming down hill at a round trot drawn by a score or more of oxen. The public house was so very clean and good a one that the managers of the jaunt resolved to return to it and put up there tor the night if possible. This course being decided on and the horses being well refreshed, we again pushed on and came to the prairie at sunset. It would be difficult to say why or how, but the effect upon me was dis ' appointing. Looking toward the setting sun, there lay stretch- ed out before my view, a vast expanse of level ground, un- broken save by one thin line of trees which scarcely amounted to a scratch upon the great blank, until it met the sky wherein it seemed to dip, mingling with its rich colors, and mellowing in its distant blue. There it lay a tranquil sea, or lake without water, if such a simile is permissible, with the day going down upon it. A few birds were wheeling here and there, and solitude and silence were reigning paramount around. But the grass was not yet high. There were bare black patches on the ground. And the few wild flowers that the eye could see were poor and scanty. Great as the picture was its very flatness and extent which left nothing to imagination, tamed down and cramped its interest. I felt little of that sense of freedom and exhilaration which a Scottish heath inspires, or even our English downs awaken. It was lonely and wild, but oppressive in its barren monotony. It is not a scene to be forgotten, but it is scarcely one I think to remember with much pleasure, or to covet the looking on again in after life. We encamped near a solitary log house, for the sake of its water, and dined upon the plain. The baskets contained roast fowls, buffalo ' s tongue (an exquisite dainty by the way), ham Four Hundred and EightyThr bread, cheese and butter; biscuits, champagne, sherry, lemons and sugar for punch, and abundance of rough ice. The meal was delicious and the entertainers were the soul of kindness and good humor. I have often recalled that cheerful party to my pleasant recollection since, and shall not easily forget my boon companions on the prairie. Returning to Lebanon that night we slept at the little inn at which we had halted in the afternoon. In point of cleanliness and comfort it would have suffered by no comparison with an English ale house of a homely kind in England . This house is still standing, on St. Louis street in Lebanon, tho it is no longer used as a hotel, but is a private residence. The present proprietor points with pride to the room where Charles Dickens once slept. It seems that Lebanon has no complaint against him for the way he treated her in his write- up, but Belleville feels that he has brought her into unde- served ridicule among readers of his American Notes . True he did not mention McKendree College, but probably no one told him there was a college there, and at that time there were tall forest trees between the Mermaid Inn and the college. The present chapel building with its tall spire had not yet been built and so Dickens did not discover the infant college in the west, or he would most likely have mentioned it and perhaps compared it with some of the English schools which he characterizes in some of his stories. William Kinney, a former Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois, lived near Belleville at that time and he so resented Dickens representations that he wrote a pamphlet in reply. Mr. Kinney died in 1843 soon after his book was written, but it was published in 1857 by Robert K. Fleming at Richview, Illinois. A copy of it may now be found in the library of the Illinois State Historical Society at Springfield. In 1910 Alfred Tennyson Dickens, son of Charles, visited St. Louis and was entertained by the Dickens Fellowship of that city. They took him on a trip to Looking-glass prairie; he visited McKendree College and made a talk to the students in the chapel; he was taken to Belleville and banqueted in royal style; and of course he smoothed over in large measure the errors of his father, which were made probably not be- cause he had anything against this country, but he wanted to furnish entertainment for his English readers. REV. JOHN CLARK Among the useful and successful pioneer preachers of Illi- nois and St. Clair County we must not overlook the Rev. John Clark. He was by birth a Scotchman, and was well edu- cated. In his youth he followed the seaman ' s life for some years. He was impressed on board a British man-of-war which in 1 78 1 was lying for a few days off Charleston harbor. Being an intelligent and patriotic lover of liberty and conscientious- ly opposed to being compelled to fight the Americans, one night he jumped overboard at the risk of his life and with one of his comrades succeeded in swimming ashore. He made his way inland some distance and for a time engaged in teaching school. For about a year he was in much distress religiously because of his feeling that he was a guilty sinner. But at last by the exercise of saving faith he was dehvered from this state of mind and found peace in believing. From that time on he was a consistent Christian. An old Scotch divine being asked for the best evidence of a state of grace, replied, Forty years of close walk with God . At the close of his life Clark could have born this testimony and made it fifty. While he was passing thru this special Christian experience he was living on Broad River and joined a Methodist class, under the preaching of John Major and Thomas Humphries who were among the first Methodist preachers in that part of South Carolina. Some time after this he made a voyage to his native country, visited one of his sisters, and received a small legacy left by his pious mother with her dying bene diction. It was the amount of his wages which, while at sea, he had ordered to be sent to her. He visited London, heard John Wesley preach and became more thoroughly confirmed in his peculiar doctrines. When he came back to South Caro- lina he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was received on trial in 1791 and at once became a circuit rider. In due time he was admitted to full connection and or- dained. Some years later, being conscientiously opposed to slavery and not being entirely satisfied with the forms of government of the Methodist Church, he withdrew from the travelling connection in a perfectly orderly way, in 1796, and travelled on foot into Kentucky, where for several months he made his home with Elder Joliff, a Baptist preach- er, who was the father of Colonel James Joliff, of Marion County, Illinois. All his pilgrimages were made on foot, as he travelled his circuits, and in this way he arrived in Illinois in 1797. Here he found abundant opportunity for the exercise of his gifts as a preacher, and he ministered acceptably to various communities, as New Design and others in the Amer- ican Bottom. He not only preached, but formed some sort of school classes and taught the youth both science and liter- ature. Among those who are indebted to him for the best part of their education are Robert, Joseph, and James Lemen, who were all influential men in their day. At that time Mis- souri was called Upper Louisiana and was under the dominion Hundred and EightyFo, of Spam. And of course only the Roman Catholic rehi ion was tolerated hy law. But the commandants and other officers were disposed to encourage mimigration to their territory, and therefore permitted Protestants, after a vague and formal examination, to settle in the country. A large number had thus expatriated themselves to obtain liberal grants of land. However it was the general opinion of the settlers ot that day that the country would some day be under the rule ot the United States, and they or their children would some day enjoy a fuller religious liberty. Father Clark, as he was called, was the first preacher to cross the Mississippi and bring the Gospel to the Americans on the west of the great river. He first did this in 1798. After that his excursions were regular and frequent, each trip occupying two or three weeks. There were three settlements in the neighborhood of St. Louis that he regularly visited. He was a man of great simplicity of manners and disinterested piety. He made no effort to conceal the object of his visits in the Spanish coun- try. Zeno Trudeau, the commandant at St. Louis, knew his character, his habits, and his purpose in crossing the river. He was friendly to the American residents and not disposed to molest them or their religion; but since he was responsible to authorities higher up in the Spanish government, he must make a show of enforcing the law. So about the time Clark ' s appointments were finished he would send a threatening letter warning Mr. Cl ark that he must leave the Spanish Territory or he would put him in the calabozo (the prison). However no personal molestation was ever offered. After the country passed into the hands of the United States, Mr. Clark made his home on that side of the river, but he con- tinued to make visits to the Illinois churches up to the end of his life, which occurred in 1833, when he was seventy- five years of age. GEN. ARTHUR ST. CLAIR Arthur St. Clair was born in Edinburgh in the year 173,4. He came to America as an officer in the British Army m 1755- He served as Lieutenant under General Wolfe m Can- ada during the French and Indian War. At the close of that war he came to Pennsylvania. It is not known when he left the British Army, but in December, 1775, he was married and some time after that it was noted that he held six offices under the government — Clerk of the Court, Prothonotary of a Court, Judge of Probate, Register of Wills, Recorder of Deeds, and surveyor of the largest county in the province. He became well known and at this period was quite popular. In January, 1776, without solicitation he was appointed colonel in the Continental Army, with orders to raise a regiment, which he did m six weeks time. He was appointed Bngadier-Genend m August, 1776, and ordered to join Gen- eral Washington ' s army. He rendered efficient service in the battles of Princeton and Trenton. In Febru.iry, 1777, Con- gress made him a Major-General, and m June sent him to take command of Fort Ticonderoga. He later abandoned this fort, and altho it was done after a consultation of the officers, yet the public disapproved it. A court martial sustained the movement, and Congress m 1778 confirmed it. But still the wound was not healed in the public estimation. Washington always retained his first confidence in Gen. St. Clair and considered him a faithful servant to the end of the war. After the peace he resided in Pennsylvania and was elected to Congress in 1786. The Northwest Territory was estab- lished in 1787 and he was appointed governor of it in 1788, and held the office till the state of Ohio was organized in 1802. He did not desire this appointment but acted on the principle recognized hy General Jackson that he would neither ask for nor refuse office. St. Clair is reported to have said, to accept the office of governor was the most imprudent act of my life. Governor St. Clair and Winthrop Sargeant, his secretary, arrived in Kaskaskia in February, 1790, and organized the County of St. Clair, which was named after the governor. He also appointed the various officers necessary to the ad- ministration of justice in the new county. The original boun- daries of the county were as follows: Beginning at the mouth of the little Mackinaw Creek where it empties into the Illinois River and running a direct line to the mouth of a creek which empties into the Ohio not far above Fort Massacre (Wabash River), then down the Ohio to the Miss- issippi, then up that river and the Illinois to the place of beginning. St. Clair is the Mother of counties in Illinois, being the first organized of her one hundred and two coun- ties. Virginia had attempted to organize the Illinois country into a county in 1779, which continued a sort of obsolete existence down to 1790, when St. Clair County was or- ganized. General St. Clair died August 31, 1818, on top of the Allegheny Mountains in Pennsylvania. About the year 1810 a colony of the Monks of La Trappe estiiblished themselves at the big mound in the American Bottom, now officially known as Cahokia Mound. This order is a branch of the Cistercian Monks and was first founded by Rotrou, Count of Perche, in the year 1140. After a time the order relaxed its severe discipline until Abba Ranee reinstated it in all its vigor in the year 1664. The order was Four Hundred and Eightv-Fu situated at first in the most gloomy and wildest province of France, that of Perche. Its last founder, Ranee, got soured on the world, and particularly against his mistress, who dis- missed him for another lover, and so he commenced a war against himself. He lay on a rock for his couch, lived on bread and water alone, and removed a handful of earth each day from his grave, in order to have it ready dug by the time he had need of it. And what is strange, he had followers. The main characteristic of the order was that the members carried on a crusade against nature in their own persons. We hear of the bravest of the brave, but these were the most rigid of the rigid. They carried out the ne plus ultra of fanaticism. Two of their vows were celibacy and per- petual silence. One writer says it is strange they did not declare against eating also. And in fact they did, except just enough to keep body and soul together. Female persons were not permitted to enter their premises, and if by mistake some woman happened to traverse one of their walks, they took a broom and swept her tracks away. Their vow of silence was also rigidly kept except when there was absolute necessity for communication. Governor Reynolds says he has addressed many of them courteously and to him they were always silent as the grave. He claims that the New Testament teaches no such doctrine as that. The revolution in France removed them from that nation, and public opinion, which is stronger than a revolution, removed them from the American Bottom about 1813. But the mound is still called Monk ' s Mound. Old State House, Kaskaskia Four Hundred and EightySv CHAPTER XI. Mlevilk - The County Seat y ELLEViLLE, which IS bv etvmologv the City Beautiful, JL was founded primarily to he the county seat of St. Clair County, the oldest and the second lart est m the state. In 1790 General Arthur St. Clair, who was then governor of the Northwest Territory, formed all the settle- ments on the Mississippi River into a separate county, of which he established Cahokia as the seat of justice, and it was named by him the County of St. Clair. The population of St. Clair County from this time continued to increase by a steady influx from the south and from the European coun- tries, of enterprising people seeking new homes. Of course, in proportion as they pressed back the Indians and encroached upon their hunting grounds, the Indian troubles increased, until they finally culminated in the Black Hawk War. But nothing could stay the tide of incoming settlers. The earliest settlements had been m the bottoms along the river, but after a few years the highlands began to be populous, and in time they could outvote the French settlers along the river. It was then that the idea was first broached of moving the county seat from the French village of Cahokia to some more desirable and central point in the county. In the sum- mer of 181 3 the subject was generally discussed, and a vote was taken which showed a majority in favor of moving the seat of government to some more suitable point. In the record of the Court of Common Pleas of St. Clair County for De- cember, 1813, IS an order that the clerk notify the com- missioners appointed by the Legislature to fix upon a place for the seat of lustice for the county, that they must reach their decision and make return to the court m February. Later the report of this commission was found in the records. The commission consisted of Isaac Enochs, James Lemen, Jacob Short, Nathan Chambers, John Hay, William Scott, Jr., and Caldwell Cains. The report states that after holding several meetings they had finally reached an agree- ment at their meeting of March 10, 1814, to fix the county seat for St. Clair County on the land of George Blair, and had marked the place for that purpose about twenty-five rods from the dwelling of said Blair, in his cornfield. And that Mr. Blair had agreed to donate one acre of ground for a public square and a site for public buildings, and to permit to be laid out in lots a tract of twenty-five acres around the square, donating every fifth lot for the use and benefit of the county. There is also a record that Blair came into court and promised that he would have conveniences for holding court there m time for the next term. It is recorded also that Blair received six dollars for hauling the benches, seats and tables from the court house at Cahokia. In accordance with this plan it was ordered at the same term that a court house and jail be erected at the new county seat. And so Belleville was started in a cornfield m 1814. Before that time the spot was known as Compton Hill. The location was ideal as far as the gifts of nature were concerned. And since naturally many peop le desired to live at the county seat, it has had a steady and continuous growth. A survey was made in the summer of 1814 by John Messenger and this was completed and placed on record by Governor Edwards some years later. Several of the original streets were laid out and named. The one running north and south through the square was called Illinois Street, and the one running east and west was named St. Clair, but by common usage It became known as Main Street. This and Illinois street were laid out sixty -six feet wide; the others were forty-nine and a half. George Blair, the original proprietor of the land, was a pioneer citizen. For some years he kept a hotel. Governor Reynolds says of him: The first time I saw Mr. Blair was in the fall of 1806, and I was well acquainted with him from that time till his death. He then resided in a log cabin covered with split boards and weight poles, and occupied a point just north of Hinckley ' s mill. This log cabin and this man were somewhat similar in their humble position at this time, m 1806, and were the primitive specimens of men and houses that then appeared in Belleville. Mr. Blair located at this place to enjoy the fine spring water that at this time IS used in Mr. Hinckley ' s steam mill. In 1814 he was a man of middle size and medium age, and possessed nothing at- tractive about him. He was not wealthy at the time, but he had purchased two militia rights of one hundred acres each, and located them on the land whereon Belleville is built. He had a small farm extending from his log cabin to about the north side of the public square, and it was not well cultivated. Mr. Blair, like many other persons, had a natural and inborn hatred of work, and scarcely ever permitted his peace of mind to be disturbed by any kind of labor whatever. He immigrated with his father to Illinois in 1796, and had not the means of any or much education. He was no scholar, but supposed he was, and he had the imprudence on all occasions, in and out of order, to use words of wondrous Four Hundred and EightySei MC KENDREE The Post Office— Belleville length and mostly inapplicable. I was always a guest of Mr. Blair ' s hotel, when there was no other; and I can testify that the landlord was blessed with a good nature and a benevolent spirit, but ' mine hostess ' was pretty much the reverse of her husband, as the truth of history will not per- mit me to call him ' her lord and master ' . Belleville has had three court houses, and at the present time needs another, for certainly the dignity of the second county in the great state of Illinois, the most populous of any outside of the one containing the city of Chicago, re- quires a better court house than was sufficient for its need sixty years ago. The first one was built in the summer of 1814 by Etienne Pensoneau. It was a two story, unpainted building and stood just north of the present court house. The court room occupied the lower floor and the upper floor contained the clerks ' offices and jury rooms. A new brick court house was begun in 1829 and finished in 183 1. This in turn gave way to the present court house, which was completed in 1859. Among the earliest settlers in Belleville were Henry Miller, who had been Blair ' s nearest neighbor on the west, and William Phillips, in what is now South Belleville. John Hay, as a county officer, came to the new county seat to work, but his family remained in Cahokia for several years and he regularly spent his Sundays with them. The first store in Belleville was opened in the summer of 18 1 4 by Joseph Kerr. Among the other early merchants were the Messrs. Lindell, Ringgold, Wilkinson, and Pen- soneau. In 181 5 Reuben Anderson moved from Cahokia to Belleville and started a hotel. He was later elected constable, and often served as deputy sheriff. Among the most noted of the early citizens was James Tannehill. He was a native of South Carolina, of large sta- ture, he was six feet four in height and stoutly built. He was a wagon-maker by trade, but when he came to Belleville in 1817 he started a hotel. It was probably the largest in Southern Illinois at that time, and many prominent men have been entertained there and many stirring scenes en- acted. The building stood for about forty years till the Na- tional Hotel was built on the site. Tannehill was a kind and attentive landlord, anxious to afford his guests every accommodation in his power, but he was not a good business man. So although he did a thriving business, he could not accumulate any reserve. After a few years he passed the hotel to other management and opened the first distillery in Belleville. Grain was cheap at that time and so was the whiskey. Almost the entire product of the distillery was consumed at the hotel. The whiskey was used in its virgin purity, brought from the still one day and drank the next. It was no rare circumstance for the guests at the hotel on some public occasion to empty three or four barrels of whiskey in a single day. A few dried apples, roasted brown and put in a barrel of whiskey, gave it a very rich color. By substituting peaches for apples, a very fair article of peach brandy was said to be made for which there was always a ready sale. About 1830 Tannehill ' s distillery burned down and he undertook to run a grain mill. For motive power he planned to use a wind-mill. He succeeded in con- structing one that would run successfully, but he was unable to devise a regulator. One day a storm came up with a strong wind and his wind-mill ran away with itself and toppled over. It was a total wreck beyond hope of repair. He then bought a mill site in what is now West Belleville and tried water power. But neither the distillery nor the mill seemed to bring him any more money than the hotel, so he sold his mill to Thomas Harr ison and bought a farm in the American Bottom, where he ended his days. In an early day Governor Ninian Edwards, who then lived at Edwardsville, purchased from Etienne Pensoneau the land which George Blair had sold him, and established a store in Belleville with a fine stock of goods. Later he moved there himself and took per- sonal charge of the store. He helped to build up the town by offering building lots very cheap and upon easy terms. A few others of the many noted men who have lived at Belleville are Governor John Reynolds, Judge Adam W. Snyder, who doubtless would have been governor had he not died just before election. Governor William H. Bissell, Lieutenant-Governor Kinney, Lieutenant-Governor Gustave Koerner, Senator Lyman Trumbull, Col. J. L. D. Morrison, and Congressman Jehu Baker. The list might be extended indefinitely if space permitted. In 1836 a hbrary organization was ef fected. A group of the citizens who were interested in reading as a means of culture came together and agreed to pay three dollars apiece the first year and one dollar and Four Hundred atid £ight -£ight MC KENDREE a halt a year thereafter for books for the common use of the group. The hooks were kept at the home ot Dr. Schott, the appointed custodian, until iSfi, when they were moved to a building provided for the purpose and became the nucleus of the present magnificent city library, which is now housed in an excellent building provided by Andrew Carnegie. The county seat was primarily the Seat of Justice, where justice is meted out to the offenders against the law, first by giving them a fair trial in the court house and then punishing with imprisonment or otherwise. In these days the serious offender has the pain of his penalty distributed over a period of years, it may be, in the penitentiary. But in the early days Illinois had no penitentiary and the jail was not adapted to the needs of the long-time prisoner. Therefore some form of switt justice or intensified penalty was sought by the dis- pensers of justice in the early days. It is on record that this aim was sometimes met in Belleville by means of the whipping post or the pillory. The former method was employed in a number of cases. Several walnut trees then standing on the public square saved the city the expense of erecting a regular whipping post. It IS said that only one criminal was ever punished there by the pillory. His crime was forgery. The pillory was erected in the center ot the square and the con- demned man was exposed in it for only one hour, and requir- ed to pay a heavy fine in addition. This was in 1822. The only use ever made of the pillory after that was for a hitching rack for the farmers who drove horses to town. When John Reynolds was a member of the Legislature he used his influ- ence toward having the criminal code of the state reformed. Belleville was incorporated as a town in 18 19 and as a city m 1850. The charter of the city of Springfield was taken as a model for her fundamental law. Theodore Krafft was the first mayor. There are now seven wards represented in the council, over which the present mayor presides. In the days before there were any railroads, mails were carried by stage coach or on horseback. In the rainy seasons of the year the town was largely isolated from the rest of the world by the impassable conditions of the road, especially through the bottoms between the bluff and the river. This demonstrated the necessity of road-building. The first ma cadamized road in the state was begun in 1846 and built from Belleville to St. Louis, a distance of fourteen miles. Since then three trunk line railroads have been built through the city, a trolley line to St. Louis, and two lines of paved road, numbers thirteen and fifteen, run through Belleville. The first newspaper published in the county seat was the Western News, started in 1826. It was called a weekly paper, but an early historian says, It would be more accurate to say. It was a weekly sheet issued semi-occasionally. It did not live long and was followed by the St. Clair Gazette. Other papers were the St. Clair Banner, The Belleville Times, and The Illinois Republican. The first daily paper published in Belleville was The Advocate, dating from 1849. In 1857 the weekly Sun appeared. Later both it and the Republican were absorbed by the Advocate. ' In 1853 the daily Eagle was started under the editorial manage- ment of John Reynolds. But in a short time it was changed to a weekly and called the St. Clair Tribune. This was printed on the first power press ever brought to the city In 1858 the Democrat was started. This became the official organ of the city council and the leading paper of the county. Also in 1858 another campaign paper was started by J. W. Hughes and Governor Reynolds. It was called the Star of Egypt and was devoted to the interests of the Buchanan wing of the Democratic party. It did not live long. In i86j John Hmchcliffe began publishing the Miner and Work- man ' s Advocate long before the day of labor unionism. It was later moved to St. Louis. In 184S appeared the Belle- viller Zeitung, which was the first German newspaper. Another was the Volksblatt. At present the city has two modern city dailies, The Advocate and the News-Dem- ocrat. Belleville, like much of southern Illinois, has the reputation of being filled with a population largely of German origin. We are told that there were no Germans there prior 1830, but about that time political and economical conditions in Germany caused a great migration to America. Cheap land and easy living conditions in St. Clair County attracted the thrifty Germans. They came in by hundreds and they and their descendants had become an important part of the permanent and well-established citizenry. They are pre verbially industrious, thrifty, and prosperous. It is claimed that Belleville is now a city of beautiful homes of which eighty-five percent are owned by their occupants. County Court House— Belleville Four Hundred and EightyJ line There are more than a dozen denominations of churches in the city. The largest and wealthiest is the Roman Catholic, with a million dollar cathedral, a resident bishop, and two hospitals. The Methodists have six churches, of which one IS a Free Methodist and one African. There are three Baptist, two Evangelical, two Divine Science, and one each of Epis- copal, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Pentecostal, Christian Science, Latter Day Saints, and a Jewish Synagogue. The following fraternal orders have chapters in the city : Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Catholic Knights and Ladies of Illinois, Fraternal Order of Eagles, International Order of Odd Fellows, Independent Order of Red Men, Knights of Pythias, Knights of Columbus, Loyal Americans, Loyal Order of Moose, Maccabees, Masonic Orders, Mod- ern Woodmen of America, Western Catholic Union, and Woodmen of the World. Among the recreational facilities afforded by the city are the Municipal Park known as Bellvue, containing twenty-six acres, and the Fair Grounds, containing forty acres. Two golf courses, that of the Belleville Golf Club, and the St. Clair Country Club. There are three theatres, the Lincoln with a seating capacity of i,8oo, the Rex seating 550, and Washington, which will accommodate 1,400. The Belleville Turners operate two concrete swimming pools during the summer season in connection with their picnic grounds. They have a locker capacity of twelve hundred. Boating, fishing, and swimming may be enjoyed at Stolberg ' s Lake or the St. Clair Amusement Park. Public utilities are available in the East St. Louis and Interurban Water Company, which supplies Belleville with filtered water taken from the Mississippi some distance above East St. Louis. This system supplies water for ten cities. The supply is unlimited. There are two supply pipes running to Belleville, so that in case of the failure of one the other will be sufficient until repairs can be made. The other public utility is the Illinois Power and Light Corporation, which supplies electricity for all purposes, and gas for those who prefer it, from a plant in Belleville, which has a capacity of one million cubic feet per day with no winter shortage. Belleville has sixty-two miles of paved streets and paved roads come into the city from almost every direction. There are one hundred and fifteen miles of paved road in the county, and most of these roads run through the county seat. The manufacturing interests of Belleville are unusual for a city of its size. For instance, there is a factory of the International Shoe Company, with a weekly pay-roll of $10,000, and the Orbon Stove Company, with $7,000. These are the largest, but there are a large number of factories of different kinds running steadily, which furnish e.mployment to literal thousands of daily workers who thereby support themselves and their families. It is estimated that the pay- roll for the various lines of industry combined, that center in and about the city of Belleville, would amount to a total running into the millions every week in the year. Scott Field is but a short distance outside the city limits and connected with Belleville by a paved road. This is the chief center of balloon and airship activities of the United States Air Service at the present time. The field, which was pur- chased by the government during the World War, occupies a square mile except for twenty acres out of one corner. There are in the field more than sixty separate buildings, including an immense airship hangar. This hangar is as high as a fifteen story building, is three city blocks in length, and a city block in width. It is capable of housing the largest dirigible airship ever built. It is one of the largest buildings of Its kind in the world, having a floor space of more than Four Hundred and . mrty five acres under roof. Durinti the war, Scott Field was a training place tor airplane tliers. Now it is a training school for airship pilots and observers. In addition to being a train- ing school It IS the central supply depot for the entire lighter- than-air division of the air service. Balloon and airship sup- plies and equipment valued at millions of dollars are stored at Scott Field. The field has an enlisted population, commis- sioned and civilian of eight hundred, with a monthly payroll in excess of $50,000. The field represents an investment on the part of the government of more than $60,000,000. This IS also one of the most important points m the system of aerial highways charted by the War Department. Com- plete facilities for fueling, reconditioning, and housing air- planes are maintained at the field, day and night. It is a regular stopping place for cross-country fliers, both army and commercial. Lindbergh has visited this field. After the war. It was chosen in 1921 as the center of all the army ' s lighter-than-air activities because of its location in the heart of the Mississippi Valley. Thousands of persons visit this exceedingly interesting place every year. Four Hundred and meu-One CHAPTER XII. East St. Loms- Bv Pal- STUDENTS delving into the mystery of the prehistoric past found on the eastern shore of the Mississippi River remnants of an unknown age which point to the existence of a great metropoUs of the race known as the Mound Builders. Today East St. Louis is fast encompassing that area which formed the site of this great prehistoric city. It is becoming a metropolis with gigantic industries and commercial enter- prises that rival in this age of machinery the metropolis that existed in the age of the Mound Builders. East St. Louis is on the threshold of a tremendous develop- ment. It faces a commercial and industrial future that exceeds in promise that of the majority of cities its size in America. Materially aiding its growth is the East St. Louis Chamber of Commerce. It is this organization which provides infor- mation concerning its advantages, resources and transporta- tion facilities. It is the Chamber of Commerce that institutes and carries out projects of large magnitude that are bound to play an increasingly important part in the development of the city. Under the leadership of L. H. Forman, its manager, the civic forces of the city have been consolidated under the leadership of the Chamber of Commerce. Unquestionably there is a feeling in East St. Louis that the city will soon undergo a period of unprecedented expansion. East St. Louis has experienced in the past a development more rapid and certain than any other city in the state out- side of Chicago. When the city of East St. Louis was incor- porated in 1865 it had a population of approximately 5,000. In 1890 there were but 15,000 residents. The population doubled itself by 1900 and again in the next decade. East St. Louis civic leaders expect that by 1930 the city will easily pass the 100,000 mark. During the past year East St. Louis has undergone one of the greatest changes in years. It has seen the new Broad- view Hotel, a metropolitan fireproof structure, become a reality; its first skyscraper, the Spivey Building; and the construction of the new million-dollar Majestic Theatre are the most notable changes wrought in the downtown district. The handsome Goldman Building is replacing the historic lUmo Hotel. The new First National Bank Building is a large factor in the changing skyline of the city. -The Metro pohs B. CORR In civic development the East St. Louis Park District within the past decade has made ample provision for the recreational needs of the city ' s grown-ups and children. There are parks with an aggregate acreage of 1,333. Of these the most notable are Lake Park and Jones Park, both of which are built to serve the entire city, while there are neighbor- hood parks scattered throughout the residential sections. In Lake Park, East St. Louis has a notable example of the constructive spirit of the city. Its transformation is without parallel in municipal park history for it is perhaps the third largest municipal park in the United States, and is the largest owned by a city under 100,000 population. In its transfor- mation, 1 1 30 acres of marsh and lake will be converted into a veritable paradise with three lakes, a network of driveways and provision made for all forms of recreation. In its develop- ment, $500,000 will be expended, in addition to the cost of the ground. East St. Louis enjoys industrial diversification. It has many major industries and there are a dozen or more that have annual payrolls exceeding $1,000,000. It occupies a prom- inent place in the manufacture of meat products, building materials, roofing, paint, chemicals, iron and steel products, and foodstuffs. Its utilities are preparing to serve a city with a population by 1950 of at least 500,000. Students of municipal develop- ment predict a gigantic urban development in all directions from East St. Louis on the Illinois side of the river. Outstanding factors are responsible for a growing faith on the part of outsiders in the future of East St. Louis — its excellent railroad facilities, the development of waterway transportation on the Mississippi River, nearness to limitless supplies of coal, ideal sites for the location of large industries, unlimited supply of electrical energy at a minimum cost, nearness to raw materials, and the ideal location of East St. Louis in the center of the United States. It IS for these reasons that major industries have elected to locate and will continue to locate in the East St. Louis district. While its industrial future is certain, steps are now under way for the development of Southern Illinois, the oldest settled section of the state and the least developed. East St. Louis and the East St. Louis Chamber of Commerce are taking a prominent part in this development. Four Hundred and H ' netyTu s East St. Louis was in reality born in the post-Revolution ' ary War period. The site of the present Southern Illinois metropolis was the scene of one of the most important battles of the Revolutionary War west of the Atlantic seaboard. In 1780, General George Rogers Clark, at the urgent request of the Spanish governor of St. Louis, hurried to Cahokia, parent of the present city, and there on the Cahokia Common- fields north of the ancient village decisively defeated Captain Hesse and his army of British and Indians which formed one of the three expeditions designed to recapture the Northwest Territory from the Virginians under Clark. This victory shat- tered the hopes of the British of ever recapturing the territory that was lost to them through Clark ' s conquest, and brought about the failure of two other expeditions without an en- gagement. In 1796 Captain James Piggott built the first house in what IS now East St. Louis. A few years later the French at Cahokia, following a flood, platted the town of Illinois City and had the plat approved by an act of Congress. Cahokia was established m 1699 with the arrival of two missionary priests from Quebec, and is the oldest permanent white settlement west of the Allegheny Mountains. It was from Cahokia that the Illinois city, and the settlements that later became integral parts of East St. Louis, drew their first inhabitants. In addition there were the soldiers of the Revo- lutionary War who had come west and found in this place opportunity. Most of the present city of East St. Louis is built upon the Cahokia Commonfields and the Cahokia Commons. In 1825 the original John Jacob Astor, seeing the possi- bilities of this section, bought for $3,684 a tract of the Caho- kia Commons, 1600 feet wide, running from the river about six miles across the American Bottoms, and containing about 800 acres. The west end of this tract now contains the most valuable business property of East St. Louis, and realtors still refer to it as the Astor tract. Due to the advantageous location of Illinois City it bec.ime the gateway of travel overland to the vast wilderness that stretched beyond the Father of Waters, it was here that these hardy pioneers in their covered wagons rested after journey, ing across the prairie and before they ventured into that land of uncertainty which the United States had purchased from France. In coming to what is now East St. Louis they made use of the ferry which Captain James Piggott had established and which later was owned by the Wiggins family. It was this ferry that first gave employment to residents of Illinoistown. Illinois Town, now East St. Louis, in 1818 Railroads of the nation found at East St. Louis great possi ' bilities and built there the second greatest railroad center in the world. They selected East St. Louis primarily because it was the logical gateway to the west; secondly, because the level land in and about the city offered good foothold for track-laying, roadbed-making and future industrial sites; lastly, because at this point below the mouth of the Mis- souri River they could advantageously reach the shores of that great waterway, the Mississippi. It is at East St. Louis that twenty-eight railroads meet at bridges which span the Father of Waters. It is the largest package freight center m the United States. Every night limited freight trains leave for the far corners of the nation, and from this central industrial district manufactured goods can be sent to the most distant points in the shortest pos- sible time. Four bridges form arteries of rail and highway traffic to the west. The first of these, the Eads Bridge, the second structure to span the river, was completed in 1874. Then followed in turn the Merchants ' Bridge, the McKinley Bridge and the Municipal or Free Bridge. A railroad bridge at Alton, and ferries operated by the Wiggins Ferry Company, owned by the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis and the Mis- souri Pacific, assist in the transfer of carload freight. Coal was first discovered in the United States at Ottawa, Illinois, in the latter part of the seventeenth century, and almost simultaneously at a point that is now just outside of the East St. Louis city limits. It has only been m the last half century that any steps were taken to develop the enor- mous coal fields at this city ' s very door. Geologists say that there is a limitless supply of coal within short hauling dis ' tance of East St Louis. The first railroad west of Pittsburg was built from the bank of the river just below the Free Bridge to the bluffs in 1837 MMlU THE SPIVEY BUILDING An East St. Louis Skyscraper and was used for the hauling of coal to the Mississippi shore. Its rails were of wood and horses were used instead of steam. The Ohio and Mississippi River Railroad began building its western terminus here in 1852. The Cairo Short Line was started in 1854. It was the coming of the railroads that added sufficiently to the negligible population of Illinoistown to cause the citizens to incorporate in 18 9. In 1865 the name was changed to East St. Louis. East St. Louis, while favored with natural advantages, has surmounted difficulties that have been detrimental to its growth and prosperity. So it is that the story of East St. Louis is the story of an undet ' privileged community rising to an outstanding position among the cities of the middle west. Located on the old bed of the Mississippi River, the American Bottoms, subjected to overflow from the Father of Waters, the inhabitants suffered severely from malaria in the early days and St. Louisans and those living on the higher ground in this section of Illinois looked down upon the pio- neers of the municipality as residents of a fever-blighted city. About 1800 there was formed in the middle of the river an island which for a time became known as Bloody Island. It was a rendezvous for gamblers, and here were held the cock Its and other sporting events of the time, by adventurous St. Louisans. Several notorious duels were fought on Bloody Island. After Father Mississippi had showed a tendency to leave St. Louis without a harbor and shift its course eastward of Bloody Island, St. Louisans appealed to the Missouri Legis- lature who obtained an agreement with the Illinois Legisla- ture for the building of a dike on the Illinois side to keep the river in its course. The building of the dike began in 1837 under the direction of Robert E. Lee, army engineer, who later became famous as the military leader of the South during the Civil War. Building of this dike caused Bloody Island to pass out of existence as an island, and when railroads began to build their lines to the shores of the Mississippi River, this once notor- ious spot became the location of the greatest cluster of rail- road terminals in America. Upon this dike were located the first two raised streets in East St. Louis, Front Street and Broadway. In 1877 Mayor M. M. Stephens inaugurated the greatest public work that has ever been accomplished in East St. Louis, the raising of street levels throughout the downtown area. This great work focused attention upon the city, people flocked to it, outside money became available for improvements, and a real city developed. In 1910 the building of a comprehensive system of levees to protect practically the entire American Bottoms was started. By the expenditure of more than $10,000,000 this great gateway to the west, formed by the concentration of twenty-eight trunk line railways converging at the crossings of the Mississippi, has been made safe from inroads of the river. It has had great struggles with river floods, the most recent of which were in 1892 and 1903. Two tornadoes have left paths of destruction here, one in 1871, and another in 1896, costing more than 100 lives. It has had more than its share of fires, pestilence, racial troubles, and other vicissitudes; but it has arisen from these, stronger and better equipped to cope with the future. In 1872 the National Stockyards was established at East St. Louis. It was the first major industry to be located in the American Bottoms. The annual value of its products is esti- mated to be in excess of $200,000,000 a year. Here is located the world ' s largest horse and mule market, the second largest hog market, and is accredited with being the third largest clearing house for livestock in the world. Since 1874, when the first packing house began its opera- tions, the growth of the business has been constant, until Hundred and ?{mety-Fmn MC KENDREE now the volume of receipts and shipments reaches an enor- mous figure. Morris and Company established the first large packing house at the National Stockyards in 1887. In 1893 It was followed by Swift and Company, Armour and Com- pany came in 1903, and the East Side Packing Company in 190 ' ;. But lest It appear that East St. Louis is a one-industry city, the following list will show the highly diversified na- ture of Its industrial products: Aluminum, roofing, paints, building material, varnishes, linoleum, railway cars, railway frogs and switches, foundry products, bags, ranges and stove parts, flour, mill and poultry feeds, boilers, sheet iron, fireworks, lumber and millwork, gas- oline and oils, storage batteries, barrels, kegs and casks, artifi- cial stone, chemicals, rope and twine, textiles, brick and tile, quarry products, serums, cooking utensils, malleable castings, steel mills, steel products, structural steel and iron, bottles and glassware, baking powder, railway springs, railway equipment, shoes, motor trucks, wagons, radio cabinets, can- vas products, food products, fences, harvesting machines, railroad ties, electric steel castings, tank cars, oil field equip- ment, sheet steel, cotton, meat products, hides, grease and tallow, clothing, oleomargarine, silicia, concrete products, tools and machinery. East St. Louis is conceded to be the largest aluminum man- ufacturing center. The plants of the Aluminum Ore Company and the Aluminum Cooking Utensil Company cover a large area. It is one of the largest users of the Mississippi Warrior barge line service, and controls a railroad recently valued by the Interstate Commerce Commission at upwards of a million and a quarter dollars. East St. Louis enjoys the lowest rates for electrical power of any district in the Mississippi Valley. The energy is pro- vided by the mammoth Cahokia power plant of the Union Electric Company of Illinois which now produces more than the year-round capacity of Muscle Shoals, and when com- pleted, will furnish four times the energy of the widely known Tennessee plant. In addition, it is served by the power plant at Venice and the.Keokuk plant, both of which are controlled by the North American Company. The East St. Louis and Interurban Water Company is now prepared to meet the most exacting residential and industrial demands for water, following completion of its Chouteau Island intake. Gas for industrial purposes in any amount can be furnished by the Illinois Power and Light Corpora- tion, which has its headquarters in East St. Louis. Some of the organizations that are helping to build East St. Louis are Rotary, Kiwanis, Lions, and Optimist Clubs, Business and Professional Women ' s Club, Community Fund, Downtown Business Men ' s Association, Retail Merchants ' Association, various neighborhood improvement associations. Junior Chamber of Commerce, Automobile Club, Medical, Dental and Bar Associations, Master Builders, Bakers and Painters Association, and Employers ' Association. In the Community Fund which has its headquarters m the Chamber of Commerce are grouped together fourteen agen- cies to meet the charity, social service, character building and educational needs of the city. The list includes the Young Women ' s Christian Association, the National Catholic Com- munity House, the Queen ' s Daughters, Protestant Women ' s Welfare League, Visiting Nurses Association, the East St. Louis Settlement House, Salvation Army, Humane Society, Illinois Children ' s Home and Aid Society, Red Cross, Tu- berculosis Society, Colored Old Folks ' Home, Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts. The Ainad Shrine Temple is a handsome building in the heart of the city. With its annual Pageant of Progress, in which every interest of East St. Louis cooperates, it estab- lishes a desirable contact with all parts of Southern Illinois and is an exhibition of the city ' s prowess as Little Egypt ' s metropolis. The Knights of Columbus clubhouse is a center for social and athletic events. Its architectural beauty has added to the general attractiveness of the city. From East St. Louis paved roads radiate to all parts of Illinois, and westward across Missouri extend good roads which eventually lead to the great southwest and far west. East St. Louis IS on two United States trunk highways and is but a short distance from two others. East St. Louis residents are convinced of its possibilities and Its inevitable future as one of the nation ' s leading cities. It stands today on the threshold of a new and greater expan- sion, an expansion that promises to make it not only a bigger city numerically but also promises to add to it a greater force as a leader in the development of Southern Illinois. iii ' 1 -. First M. E Church. East St L-i Hundred and AJnietv-Fir. CHAPTER XIII. Lebanon — Seat of McKendree College ' he City is situated on a beautiful elevation between Silver Creek on the west and the Little Silver on the east, which joins the larger creek a few miles south of town. It is on the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern Rail- road twenty-four miles from St. Louis. This road was built in 1854 and originally known as the Ohio and Mississippi. Lebanon is also connected with St. Louis by an interurban trolley line which was built in 1902. When first settled it was on the old Indian trail which connected Vincennes and St. Louis. This has been replaced by route twelve of the Illinois highway system, which in the main follows the old trail and provides bus service, both to St. Louis and east- ward, and brings St. Louis within an hour ' s drive by auto- mobile. The southeast quarter of section nineteen, on which Lebanon was originally laid out, was obtained from the government by original grant, being entered by Henry White, September 24, 1814. The first house was built by Gillis Middeaux. It was made of logs and located in the southeast part of the present town, but has long since dis- appeared. The next was built by Joseph Akin near the pres- ent site of the Presbyterian church. Joseph Hathaway built a two-story log house, on what is now St. Louis Street, and another was erected by Thomas Ray, who is referred to by Dr. Allyn in one instance as the founder of the town, with the additional statement that at nearly fifty years of age he claimed he had never heard the Lord ' s prayer. A little later another house was built on the same street by Nathan Horner. This street was merely the old road running through. Another early home builder was Adam Vinyard. The first store in the town was established as early as 1818 by William Kinney, who was Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois, 1826-1830. Mr. Kinney lived about eight miles from Lebanon on the road to Belleville and did not conduct the store him- self, but placed it in charge of his nephew, Abraham Kinney. Not much later other stores were started by Thomas Ray, Nathan Horner, MuUigan and Sublett, Samuel and Andy Christy, and James Riggin. These and a few more log build- ings were erected on the present site of Lebanon prior to 1820. In that year William Kinney built the hotel Veranda, which was a brick building and was considered a handsome structure for that day. It was first kept by Jeremiah Johnson, who was an experienced hotel keeper, having been for many years proprietor of the old Missouri Hotel, in St. Louis. He conducted this hotel for the remainder of his life. It afterward became a part of the Bishop House and stood till about the year 1905, when it was removed to make a place for the handsome residence of Mr. E. S. Pfeffer. This was a regular station on the stage line running between St. Louis and Vincennes. Also about 1820 a post office was established and mails were received by stage twice a day. One of the early po st-masters, whether the very first or not cannot now be determined, was Colonel Eli B. Clemson. He built the first frame house in Lebanon in the year 1821. It later became a part of the residence of Henry H. Horner and stood till 1925, when it was replaced by a modern bungalow now occupied by the daughters of Judge Horner. Dr. Addi- son Fillo and a Mr. Morse erected a building and kept the first drug store. The town was laid out by Governor Kinney and Thomas Ray. It was surveyed and platted by Aaron Reed, Jr., and the plat was filed in the office of the county recorder July 27, 1825. Since then there have been twenty- two additions made to the original town. In 1828, at the time of the founding of Lebanon Seminary, there were not more than thirty houses in the place and a population of less than two hundred. In 183,2 a large general store was opened by Horner and Hypes. These men represented two of the most prominent families of the village, both of whom will be mentioned elsewhere. Thomas Williams built a tannery here in 1829 and operated it successfully fof many years. Thomas W. Gray, a native of Maryland, came here in 1824 and engaged in the tailoring business. Lyman Adams, a retired sea captain, built a hotel here in 1830 and called it the Mermaid House. At this hostelry Charles Dickens was entertained over night when he visited Lebanon on his way to see Looking Glass Prairie in 1846. The building is still standing, tho somewhat changed in appearance. It is now a private residence, but the owner is proud to show the room in which Charles Dickens once slept. The Illinois Gazeteer, published in 1837 t y Rev. John M. Peck, contains this statement about Lebanon at that date, Lebanon has a steam mill and an ox mill, a post office, two public houses, seven stores, one grocery, three physicians, mechanics ' shops of various kinds, and about sixty families. It was incorpor ' ated as a town under special charter in May, 1857. The first officers were: Joseph Hypes, president; Charles Blanck, regis ' ter; Samuel Hypes, treasurer; Henry H. Horner, assessor; Adam W. Wise, constable; J. L. Sargent, street inspector; and the town trustees were Hugo Wangelin, Richard F. Four Hundred and ?imetySv MC KENDREE Cunningham, James Padon, and Thomas Jordan. After seven- teen years of this form of government, it was organized as a city, under the general law, August, 1874, and the follow- ing men were selected as the first city offi:ers: Henry H. Horner, mayor; Louis Zerweck, clerk; D. R. Lasley, treasurer; Jean F. Webb, attorney; and Addison Pyle, street commis- sioner and city marshal. The city council at that time was composed of nine aldermen, three from each of the three wards into which the city was divided. The representation has since been changed so that now there are only two alder- men from each ward. Following IS a complete list of the mayors, m the order in which they served down to the present. James Rankin, Jean F. Webb, James D. Baker, Louis Zerweck, Edwin L Robinson, Thomas A. Wilson, Roland H. Horner, Christian J. Pfeffer, Dr. John H. Fulgham, James S. Gedney, Frank W. Robinson, Homer C. Eisenmayer, Frank J. Betten, John E. North, and Benjamin Reibold. Rankin and Zerweck each served three terms, and H. H. Horner, Webb, R, H. Horner, Pfeffer, Gedney, F. W. Robinson, Eisenmayer, and North have each served two terms. During all these years the mayor ' s office has had a very small salary attached to it and the man who holds the office usually gives much time to the interests of the city without pay. In the clerk ' s office there has not been such a long list. One man, Mr. Cicero L. Robinson, served continuously for a period of thirty-four years and was succeeded by his son, Charles W. Robinson, who is the present incumbent. The city installed an electric light plant in 1890, when but few towns of its size had this modern method of lighting. This municipal plant was main- tained until 1921, when the rising cost of fuel and labor made it so expensive to furnish light from a small plant ot that type, that in the interest of economy the plant was sold to the Illinois Power and Light Corporation, and Leb- anon became one of the patrons of that great corporation which lights many of the cities in southern Illinois. Several attempts were made thru the years to install waterworks, but various hindering causes prevented the accomplishment of this desirable end until very recent times. But finally, dur- ing the term of Mayor North, a municipal water and sanitary sewer system were installed in the years 1926-27. The most important streets were paved during the mayor- alty of James S. Gedney, in the summer of 1908 and later, St. Louis Street with brick and Belleville and Alton Streets with macadam and tarvia finish. Since the close of the war Lebanon has maintained an annual Homecoming celebra- tion held in September. This was initiated by the American Legion. There is usually a crowd of from five to ten thousand people at this event. There are contests and various forms of amusement during the day, with a grand parade in the evening which includes floats representing many of the busi ' ness firms of the city. SCHOOLS The first school m Lebanon was taught in a log school house eighteen by twenty, in 1818. About four years later a small frame school house was erected, which was also used for religious meetings by all denominations who so desired. A school for girls was maintained for some years m the basement of the Methodist church. The building stood on the present site of the Presbyterian church, and was burned m i860. This school was designed to accommodate girls m the days when they were not admitted to McKendree. One pupil of this school, Mrs. Mary FitzGerrell, is still fiving in Lebanon. There was also an elementary school taught in the basement of the Baptist church. Some of the pupils of that school are now living in Lebanon. A large three-story brick school house was built in 1874, but before it was quite finished it was destroyed by fire, and there was no insurance. It was a heavy blow to the community, but the people of Lebanon would not allow any ordinary misfortune to defeat a good purpose, so a new loan was raised and another school house erected immediately, which served the community well and is still in use. When a high school was organized about 1895 it was housed in this same building, together with the grades, but as the years passed by and the school population increased, the building was no longer adequate for both schools, and so a movement was started for the erection of a new high school building. After the necessary preliminaries were arranged and an election held, a commu- nity high school was established which includes the village of Summerfield and a part of Mascoutah township. A new . - MCIKENDREE building was erected at a cost of $80,000, which represents the latest ideas in the modern high school. Professor C. Grouse was superintendent during the construction period and was succeeded by Professor E. M. Schuenemann, and he by Prof. Vernon G. Mays, the present incumbent. CHURCHES The religious history of the town may be said to have begun when in 1821 the Rev. John M. Peck organized a Sunday School in the little log school house. According to an old Quarterly Conference record, a Methodist preaching place was established m 182},. It was a part of the Shoal Creek Circuit. When the first McKendree building was erected in 1828, it was specified that the assembly room in the building might be used as a place of worship. In the minutes of the Illinois Conference, Lebanon first appears in the list of appointments in 1829. The Methodist Church has had a continuous run here ever since that time. The first building of the Methodists had stood where the Pres- byterian church now stands and had a basement which was used for school purposes, as stated elsewhere. This building was destroyed by fire in i860. The Methodists probably worshipped in the college chapel for a few years after that until they felt able to build again. The new building was erected on St. Louis Street, where the present church stands. It was one of the best buildings Lebanon has ever had, of the rectangular type with a tall spire which out-classed the one on the college chapel. The Annual Conference was held in it in 1870. Early one Sunday morning in the spring of 1898 this took fire and was soon in ruins. The work of rebuilding was immediately begun and in December of the same year the present church was dedicated free of debt by P l Wki IBhs t h ' .. hK bSB Bi ■il ' w hHI _3 The College Church Bishop J. N. FitzGerald. In 1927 an extensive addition was built and other improvements made. The substantial brick parsonage was built in the early seventies, and recently improved and modernized. There has been a Baptist church in Lebanon since an early day, tho the records of the earliest organization seem to have been lost. Their present house of worship was built in 1856. It is a substantial brick building with a basement, all well furnished. The membership has never been large, but has always contained some of the substantial citizens who have kept ahve the faith and kept their house of wor- ship in repair. The Presbyterian Church was organized April 8, 1866, by Rev. A. T. Norton, of Alton. The original organization contained nine members. Dr. F. W. Lytle, Miss F. M. Lytle, Miss Amanda Johnson, Mrs. Margaret H. Woodworth, Mrs. Sarah J. Seaman, Miss Ruth Danforth, Mrs. Helen M. Horner, Miss Helen Atwood, and Mrs. Elizabeth Wheeler. Their house of worship is a neat frame building which was erected in 1867. The most prominent pastor was the Rev. Lyman Marshall, who was in charge of the church for about thirty years. It is now known as the Marshall Memorial Church. The German Evangelical Church may be regarded as an ofF-shoot of the Presbyterian Church. The organization took place in February, 1868. A number of families of German descent desired to be in a separate organization where, if they so desired, they might have the satisfaction of wor- shipping in their mother tongue. The original records contain the names of many well-known Lebanon families, such as Bachman, Buhr, Guenther, Schmelzer, Reinhardt, Campe. Traband, Blanck, and many others. At first they worshipped by permission in the same church building with the regular Presbyterians, tho of course at a different hour. Their first pastor was the Rev. C. W. Seaman. Under his leadership the money was raised to erect a frame house of worship of very modest pretensions, and costing about $i, ' )00. This is the oldest part of the present church building. It was begun in September, 1869, finished in the spring of 1871, and dedi- cated on April 16, of that year. Additions and improvements have been made at different times and now the church will accommodate as many as five hundred people on special occasions. All the pastors after Rev. C. W. Seaman have been members of the Evangelical Church, and so they natur- ally began to be called by that name and so regarded by its own membership, but it did not become in fact a part of that denomination until January i. iq2.-;, when thru the Four Hunirei and . itiet -Eiglit MC KE NDREE - ,: influence of the present pastor, Rev. R, Hohiivmn, it was admitted to the Synod of North America of the German Evangehcal Church. The first Catholic people came to Lebanon about iS o. Among them were such names as Mees, Schwab, Ward, Shannon, Curran, and Phillips. In an early day the Rev. A. Reineke, ot Breese, celebrated mass at the Ward home. In 1862 William Mees circulated a subscription paper and raised money to build a church. It was a small frame building able to seat about a hundred. The first resident priest was the Rev. F. Trojan, 1879-1881. He died in the service of the church and is buried in the local cemetery. The present building was erected under the leadership of Rev. James Gillen, who was pastor from 1886 to 1897. It is a beautiful Gothic structure and cost at that time about $10,000. The present rectory was built during the pastorate of Rev. A. Huesman. The school building was erected by Rev. A. Kamann. The school is taught by a Sister of The Precious Blood. The sisters reside in a two-story dwelling on the same block with the church and school. Societies of the parish are: Holy Name, Altar Society, Young Ladies ' Sodality, and Catholic Knights of Illinois. The parish has had its own cemetery since 1864. There are two colored churches in Lebanon, a Baptist and a Methodist. The former has a neat frame building for a house of worship which was erected on Dee Street about forty years ago. It is seated with some of the wooden benches with backs which were originally used in the college chapel, but were removed m 1890 when the chapel was seated with opera chairs. This church does not maintain a steady pastor, but secures one at intervals. The Methodist belongs to the denomination known as the African Methodist Episcopal Church. It was organized soon after the Civil War and has maintained a continuous history since that time. The financial backbone of the church for many years was Young Turner, an ex-slave who was successful in business and accumulated a considerable fortune before his death in 1916. One of their leading members at the present time is Henry Turner, who is no kin to the Turner just mentioned. This church has a commodious house of worship on Monroe Street and a good-sized parsonage on the same grounds, though at present they do not have a resident pastor. They have part time preaching by a preacher from East St. Louis. In Its equipment for serving the community in a business way Lebanon has four general stores, one dry goods store, one clothing store, a furniture and undertaking establish- ment, two bakeries, two meat markets, a fruit and vegetable market, one Kroger store, six garages and auto sales agencies, two drug stores, two doctors, two dentists, one mill and lumber yard, one coal dealer, two ice dealers, one soft drink factory, one hat factory, two blacksmith and repair shops, one jewelry store, one music and gift shop, one variety store, three restaurants, one hotel, four barber shops, one picture show, two cigar factories, one newspaper and printing office, a commercial club, a Rotary club, lodges of the Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, and Modern Woodmen, and possibly a few other minor businesses or organizations which a more exhaustive survey might include. THE DENEEN FAMILY The Rev. William L. Deneen was born m Bedford County, Pennsylvania, October 50, 1798. One of his ancestors was captain of a ship which traded from a French port. The family name is of French origin and was originally spelled Denesne. When he was two and a half years old his parents moved to Trumbull County, Ohio, and there he grew to manhood. His opportunities for obtaining an education were limited, but being gifted with a rare natural aptitude for mathematical studies he mastered all branches of the science of mathematics from arithmetic to calculus, with but little help from others. At the age of twenty he went to Vevay, Indiana, where he learned the hatting business, at which he worked for the four following years. Subsequently he taught school. In 1827 he was converted under the ministry of Rev . George Locke and received a call to preach the gospel. In 1828 he was received on trial in the Illinois Conference, which at that time included the two states of Illinois and Indiana. His first appointment was to Shoal Creek Circuit, which at that time included not less than half a dozen present Illinois counties. His other appointments were Salt Creek Circuit, Lebanon Circuit, Kaskaskia Circuit, Brownsville Mission, Waterloo Circuit, Edwardsville, Belleville, Upper Four Hundred and . nietv.Ni |mc KENDREE s .. ;.. - Alton, Alton, Belleville a second time, Waterloo, and Leb- anon. For nineteen consecutive years he carried the burdens of an itinerant Methodist preacher. Then a severe attack of throat trouble induced him to give up public speaking, so he retired from the active ministry. In the year 1847 he took advantage of a provision in the by-laws of McKendree College whereby a person might receive a degree by success- fully passing an examination on the entire college course without spending the usual years in class attendance. Mr. Deneen took the examination and received the degree of B. S. in 1847. Jri fact he was the whole class for that year. His was the first degree of Bachelor of Science that was ever conferred by McKendree College. Prior to that time all dc grees in regular courses had been Bachelor of Arts. As soon as his health permitted, Mr. Deneen engaged in the business of surveying lands, into which he was led by his strong predilection for the science of mathematics which had grown upon him with the passing years. He was County Surveyor of St. Clair County during the years 1849-185 1 and again 1853-1855. His unusual proficiency in mathematics and the remarkable accuracy of his work as a surveyor received the highest testimonials from those most conversant with the business in which he was employed. In repeated instances the decisions of the courts were determined by the weight of his testimony and the reputation of his work. His services were constantly in demand until he had reached his four score years. Mr. Deneen was an able preacher, a profound theologian, and a true Christian. As a minister and as a surveyor he was strictly conscientious in all his labors. He did much work in Lebanon surveying the various additions that were made from time to time. Mr. R. H. Horner, who frequently does surveying, has in his possession a little book of records made by Mr. Deneen. It is the best authority to be found anywhere for settling questions of boundary lines or corners in the town of Lebanon. He was married in 18 ji to Miss Verlinder B. Moore, daughter of Risdon Moore, of Revolutionary fame. She was born June jo, 1802 and died on her birthday, June 30, 1855. There were three children of this marriage, Risdon Moore Deneen, who was born in 1833 and died in 1864, Samuel H., who was born in 1835 and died in 1895, and Sarah A., who became the wife of Hon. A. W. Metcalf, of Edwardsville. Mr. Deneen lived in Lebanon after his retirement from the ministry. He died in 1879 and was buried in the cemetery at Shiloh. Samuel Hedding Deneen was born near Belleville, De- cember 20, 1835. He entered McKendree College in 1850 and graduated in the class of 1854. In the following year he taught school and continued his studies in the ancient languages. In 1855 he was elected tutor in the Classics in McKendree College, and in 1858 he was made adjunct pro- fessor of Ancient Languages. His studies now took a wide range over the field of ancient, and more especially, of the Roman Literature, and he read carefully and critically the entire existing works of the principal Latin authors. In 1862 he was elected professor of the Latin Language and Litera- ture. However, at this time the Civil War, now in its second year, was demanding the attention of men of every walk of life and even the colleges felt the pressure of the one great One of Lebanon ' s residence streets demand of the time. So Professor Deneen enlisted in the Union Army, and was commissioned Adjutant of the 1 17th Regiment, of which Professor Risdon Moore, of the Math- ematic Department of McKendree was the Colonel. This was known as the McKendree Regiment, since many of the students were found in its ranks. This regiment saw service in Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Ala- bama. Mr. Deneen participated in the marches, skirmishes, and battles of his regiment until November, 1864, when on account of sickness he was granted an honorable discharge from the service and returned home. In 1865 he resumed his work in the college as professor of Latin. He engaged in this task with new v igor. Through his agency the Latin course in the college was extended and intensified. He was a most efficient leader in this field. His high scholastic attainments were recognized not only in the institution where he labored, but in much wider circles. In recognition of this, Indiana Asbury University gave him the degree of Doctor of Phil- osophy in 1876. On account of faiHng health he was obliged to give up his college work in 1886. After a few years of rest and recuperation he was appointed by President Har- rison in 1890 to the position of United States Consul at Belleville, Ontario. He resigned in 1893 to go into business in Chicago. His death occurred in that city April 13, 1895. His remains were brought hack and laid to rest in College Hill Cemetery, Mr. Deneen was married in 1859, to Mary F. Ashley, a daughter of Hiram K. Ashley, who was one of the early trustees of McKendree. She was also a grand- daughter of Nathan Horner. She was educated at the Illinois Female College, at Jacksonville and the Wesleyan Female College, at Cincinnati. She graduated from the latter insti- tution. Their oldest son, Edward Ashley, died soon after graduating from McKendree. Their second son, Charles Samuel, after serving two terms as governor of his state, is now a member of the United States Senate. He will receive more adequate mention elsewhere in this book. Their two daughters graduated from McKendree. Mrs. Sarah A. Dick- son now lives in Chicago; Florence Deneen also lives m the same city where for many years she has been a teacher in the public schools. THE HORNER FAMILY The Horner family is one of the oldest in Lebanon. Nicholas Horner, with his family, moved from near Baltimore in 1812 to Ohio and thence in 181 ; to Illinois, and settled about two miles north of where Lebanon now stands. He purchased about five hundred acres of land, which of course at that time was very cheap. A part of it was somewhat improved, and for this he paid ten dollars an acre. The rest he obtained at the usual government price. He was much interested m the welfare and improvement of the pioneer community, as evidenced by the fact that he was the largest contributor to the fund raised in 1828 for the founding of Lebanon Seminary. Thomas Ray, who had a part m the early affairs of the town, was his son-in-law. He lived on his farm until his death, which occurred about 1840. Nathan Horner, son of Nicholas, was born in Maryland in the year 1790. He came with his father to Ohio in 1812, and while living there he was united in marriage to Nancy Hypes, who was a native of Virginia, and a daughter of Henry Hypes. She was a woman of fine intelligence and remarkable energy. Mr. Horner, with his young wife, came to Illinois at the same time his father did and engaged m farming for a time, but as early as 1819 he moved to the village and started a store, which was among the earliest in Lebanon. From that time on he spent the remainder of his active life in the mercantile business. He died in 1867, at the age of seventy-seven. In 1832 he formed a partnership with Benjamin Hypes, his brother-in-law, and they con- ducted a large general store on the south side of St. Louis Street, near the square. In 183, ' ; he erected a large brick house on what is now the corner of St. Louis and Pearl Streets. At that time it was one of the finest residences in the county. It was in this house that he extended his hos- pitality to John W. Merrill when he first came to Lebanon m 183,7, ' i d there Dr. Merrill had his long illness, and there the college boys brought him water to drink from the college well. The house is still standing, and is a comfortable and commodious residence. Mr. Horner was a warm friend of education ,ind one of the staunch supporters of the strug- gling college m the community which he himself had helped to found. Likewise he was a leading member of the Meth ' odist Church. Henry Hypes Horner, the oldest son of Nathan, was born in Lebanon, February 22, 1821. He grew up in his native town and was educated in the college which his father and grandfather had helped to establish. A sketch of him appears elsewhere in this work as a member of the first class that graduated from McKendree. His four children, Roland H., Wilbur N., Hattie H., and Bertha, were all educated at McKendree and all graduated except the youngest daughter. They all live m Lebanon at present. The sons are both law yers. The oldest has served several terms as mayor of Leb ' anon, and many years as Justice of the Peace, which office he still holds. The second son practiced law for many years in Chicago, but recently retired from active work. THE HYPES FAMILY The Hypes family is the offspring of a sturdy German immigrant who came to America before the Revolutionary War. Several members of the family have been of such great importance to Lebanon and McKendree College that it seems appropriate to record here at least an outline of the family history. The greater part of this information was furnished by Mrs. J. F. Webb, of Denver, Colorado, who is the daugh ' ter of Joseph Hypes. Nicholas Hypes was born in Oberstien, Germany, March 8, 1728. He was educated for a Lutheran minister and served in that capacity for a while, but becoming dissatisfied m that field of work, he learned the trade of machinist and later that of cabinet-maker. He came to America in 1760, bringing with him his wife and two children. His wife sickened and died on ship-board and was buried at sea. He reached Philadelphia at the end of his sad voyage and found there a home for his motherless children, and finally found employment as super- intendent of Col. Zane ' s iron foundry. In time he became a personal friend of George Washington, and when the war broke out he wanted to join the army, but Washington told him to stay with the iron foundry and turn out all the ord- nance for the use of the patriot army, and assured him that Fire Hundred and One MC KENDREE he would best serve his adopted country in this way. He complied with Washington ' s request and after the war was rewarded with a title from the government to one thousand acres of land near Fincastle, Virginia. His service record was burned in the raid of Sheridan ' s army during the Civil War. About this time he married a wealthy widow of Philadelphia, whose two daughters objected to sharing their wealth with a stepfather. So their mother divided the wealth between the daughters and went to live with Nicholas Hypes on a farm near Winchester, Virginia, where six children came to bless their union. Of these, the oldest son, Henry, married Patience Reynolds and lived on a farm near Fincastle, Virginia for six- teen years and there seven of their eight children were born. In 1811 they moved to a farm near Dayton, Ohio, and later to a farm on which a part of the city of Xenia, Ohio, now stands. Here their youngest son was born in 1812. The eldest daughter, Nancy, married Nathan Horner, and later they moved to the village of Lebanon, Illinois, and purchased property there. Mr. Horner is further mentioned in the story of the Horner family. The oldest son, Joseph, was born March 24, 1798, and in 1821 he came to Lebanon to assist his brother-in-law, Nathan Homer, in running his mill, which was the first to be built and run in Lebanon. In 1823 he became a mail carrier between Carlyle and St. Louis. Later in 1824-25 his line was extended from Salem to St. Louis. August 21, 1826, he joined the first regiment of the Illinois State Militia and was commissioned captain of his company. His commission, signed by Governor Cole, is still in possession of his daughter, Mrs. Webb. Abra- ham Lincoln was also a captain in the same regiment, and they became close friends. The regiment was only called out occa- sionally for special service, but in 1832 they began a longer period of service in suppressing the ravages of the hostile Indians in northern Illinois. This was known as the Black- hawk War. In 1833 he was in the employ of the W. H. Gale Company, of Carrollton, Illinois, as a millwright until an epidemic of cholera closed the business and he returned to Lebanon. When the Illinois Conference took action at Mt. Carmel in 1827, looking to the founding of a conference sem- inary, Joseph Hypes and David Chamberlin immediately be- gan efforts to secure its location in Lebanon. How well they succeeded has been told elsewhere in this volume. In 1837 he made a trip to Texas on horseback to bring a widow and her httle son back to her family in Lebanon. On the return trip he walked while the widow rode the horse, as he was unable to secure another horse. In 1838, when a campaign was on for the supposed endowment of McKendree, he purchased a $500 scholarship which is still in existence, though it has never been used. This shows his continued interest in McKendree. In 1840 he formed a partnership with John McDonald in the wagon making and wheelwright business, which was continued until 1856, when he withdrew from the business and retired on a competency. December 12, 1844, he was married to Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas Padfield, of Dayton, Ohio. She died July 24, 1849, leaving two children, James and Mary Hypes. In 1850 he married Mrs. Helen Turner Belt, who died April 13, 1873. In June, 1850, he was one of twenty-five delegates to attend a convention held in Salem to promote the building of a railroad from Cincinnati to St. Louis. It was built in 1854. Iri 1851 he became a member of the Masonic O rder and for many years was chaplain of the Royal Arch Masons of Lebanon. He was a trustee of the Methodist Church from 1851 until his death and for many years a trustee of McKendree. In 1857 the town of Lebanon was incorporated and he was elected the first president of the Board. He held the office for four years. In early life he was a Whig in politics, and in i860 he was a dele- gate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago, which nominated his friend, Abraham Lincoln, for President of the United States. He always maintained a keen interest in the community, the church, and the college to the end of his life. He sacrificed much for McKendree. He paid fees for a number of worthy youths who could not have gone other- wise. His own son and his son-in-law, Jean F. Webb, were students in McKendree in the Civil War period and both left college to join the army. He lived in Lebanon to the end of his life and died May 3, 1886, at the age of eighty -eight. George Washington Hypes was educated as a physician, but joined the Navy in 1835 and never returned. From that time on his relatives have no further record of him. Sarah Hypes died in infancy, and James Davison at the age of fifteen. Benjamin Hypes was born at his father ' s Virginia home, February 10, 1805. He came to Lebanon some time in the twenties, and for two years operated an ox mill which at that time was the only power available with which to run a mill. The list of tuition bills of Lebanon for its first session in 1828 contains the name of Benjamin Hypes. This is evidence that he was himself a student in the seminary for a time at least while he was a young man and before his marriage. In 1832 he became a partner in the mercantile business with Nathan Horner, his brother-in-law, with whom he was associated until 1840. He then engaged in farming for three years, after which he opened a store of his own in Lebanon which he Fne Hundred and Tu MC KENDREE earned on until 1863. Soon after the inauguration of President Lincoln he was appointed postmaster of Lebanon and retained the office during Lm coin ' s administration. He was married in i8j4 to Caroline Murriy, who was born in Baltimore, in 1814. Her father, Daniel Murray, was one of the early settlers of the county, having become a resident of Belleville in an early day. Their six children were : Cornelia Maria; Adelaide Victoria, wife of Thomas Essex William Henry; Mary Julia, wife of Abijah S Meguire; Benjamin Murray; and Caroline Vir ginia, wife of Professor William F. Swahlen, who was for twenty years a member of the Mc- Kendree faculty. These are all now deceased except Mrs. Swahlen, who lives in Greencastle, Indiana. Mr. Hypes was formerly a Whig in poUtics and cast his first vote for president for Henry Clay. After the organization of the Republican party he gave his allegiance to it. In religion he was a life-long Methodist. He was for a generation one of the pillars of the church in Lebanon. He contributed freely to its support, and his house was always a home for ministers. He was a class leader for thirty-five years. He was a delegate to the first Lay Conference held in the Southern Illinois Conference, in 1871, at Cairo. There he was elected a Lay Delegate to the General Conference of 1872, held at Brooklyn. He was one of the char- ter trustees of McKendree College, was a liberal supporter of the institution financially, morally, and in every otherway. He served sixty-one years as a trustee, thirty-seven years as treas- urer and for two years was president of the Joint Board of Trustees and Visitors. His son, Benjamin Murray Hypes, was born and reared in Lebanon, and graduated from McKen- dree in the class of 1866. He then studied medicine and prac- ticed his profession in St. Louis during his whole medical career, which was the remainder of his life. He was for many years a member of the faculty of the Medical Department of St. Louis University. He was quite successful in his profes- sional career and accumulated a considerable fortune. He never got quite away from his home town, and owned prop- erty there almost to the end of his life. He was never married, but after his father ' s death in 1896 he took his mother to St. Louis, where he maintained a comfortable home, over which she presided for the remainder of her long life. She never moved her membership from the Methodist church at Leb- anon. Her son made an annual contribution to the church for her as long as she lived, and after her death he kept it up m UNCLE BEN HYPES her name as long as he lived. And before his death he established a trust fund of $5,000 for the benefit of the Lebanon Methodist Church, to be known as the Hypes Memorial Fund. He also donated a beautiful memorial win- dow in honor of his father and mother when the present Church building was erected. He also erected a fine monument in College Hill Cem- etery for the Hypes family where the mortal remains of most of them were laid to rest. John Wesley Hypes was born May 12, 1810, and came to Lebanon in 1836. For many years he was engaged m the saddlery and harnessmakmg business m Lebanon. In 1849 he married Mary Ann Murray, of Baltimore. They had one daughter, who afterward married Mr. Keet, of Springfield, Missouri. At her home both her parents died very close to the end of the century. Mr. Hypes was an earnest church worker and for many years a trustee of McKendree. Francis Asbury Hypes, youngest of the group of children to which he belonged, was born in Ohio, June 30, 1812. He married and came to Lebanon in early life. He was a trustee of McKendree for a time, but after a few years he went back to Ohio and died there m 1847. Mrs. P.itience Reynolds Hypes, mother of the eight chil- dren mentioned above, died in Ohio, September 11, 1823. The next year her husband, Henry Hypes, and Mrs. Sarah N. Wright, were married. Mrs. Wright already had two sons by her first marriage. One of these afterward became the father of the Wright Brothers, Wilbur and OrviUe, of air- plane fame. Oi the four children of Henry and Sarah Hypes, the oldest, Susan Maria, married Tobias Drees and was the mother of Rev. Charles W. Drees, who was so long a mission- ary in South America. Samuel Henry Hypes, born in 1826, made his home in Lebanon for a few years and then returned to Ohio for the remainder of his life. William Lewis Hypes was born July 14, 1828, in Xenia, Ohio, and became a prominent minister in the Cincinnati Conference. Nicholas Fletcher Hypes, the youngest of the family, was born at Xenia in 183 1. He was a minister in the Cincinnati Conference and was noted for his fine ministerial work. Henry Hypes, the father of these twelve children, died in Ohio in 1854. CHAPTER XIV. Other Cities and Towns OTALLON SOME of the earliest settlers of St. Clair County had their homes within a short distance of the present town of O ' Fallon, as the Ogles, the Lemens, the Scotts, and others. But the town itself had its origin with the building of the Ohio and Mississippi Railway, which is now known as the Baltimore and Ohio. This enterprise was completed in 1854. Colonel John O ' Fallon, of St. Louis, was an officer in the railroad company and also was an extensive land holder in St. Clair County. So when the railroad authorities decided to establish a water tank there, a station was planned and it was named O ' Fallon, in honor of the gentleman named above. Town lots were platted and an auction sale was held in i8 ' i4, though not many lots were disposed of in this manner. Ander- son Umbarger erected the first dwelling in 1855. The post ' office was established the same year and Mr. Umbarger was the first postmaster. He was also the agent for the railroad. Among the early residents are such names as Simmons, Peach, Daily, Salter, Farr, Distler, Powell, Stocker, Schildknecht, Orcutt, Mace, and Rawson. The first school was established in 1861. The Baptist Church was organized in 1865 and a house of worship built the same year. The Methodist Church was built in 1866, the Catholic in 1867 and another to replace it in more recent years, the Evangelical in 1879. Today O ' Fal- lon has a population of about two thousand five hundred The O ' Fallon High School people, a splendid township high school and a well-equipped grade school. It is well supplied with stores, markets, garages, and shops of various kinds. It has the Willard Range Factory, which employs several scores of men. There are numerous coal mines in the vicinity which furnish employment to sev, eral hundred men. For connection with the city of St. Louis, it has besides the B 6? O Railroad, the trolley line and route Dr. H. T. Bechtold Vice-President A. E. TlEDEM. NN Assistant Cashier twelve of the Illinois road system. It also has a hard road to Belleville and a bus line operating over it. The officials of the city of O ' Fallon, Illinois, who were elected and appointed for the coming year, are: Mayor Ralph K. mpmeyer Aldermen Other Officials Fred E. Budina Henry L. Siekmann, City Clerk Fred K. Gill C. W. Beckmann, City Treasurer Thomas M. Meehan J. R. McMurdo, City Attorney John J. Quinn John E. Tiley, Chief of Police George Schobert Henry Schiebel, Street Supt. John W. Streck Herman Hemmen, Fire Chief Dr. E. Trippel, Health Officer FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF O ' FALLON Officers E. H. Smiley Geo. W. Tiedemann President Vice-President W. R. DoRRis G. B. Gieser Cashier Assistant Cashier Board of Directors E. H. Smiley Dr. H. T. Bechtold George W. Tiedemann W. R. Dorris C. E. Tiedemann H. E. Tiedemann Frank B. Smiley Julius A. Schalter Charles T. Smiley It IS quite true that a bank is as efficient as its officials. As the president of the First National Bank, Ernest H. Smiley is recognized as one of the important factors in the financial circles of O ' Fallon. After attending the township schools, Smith Academy, and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, from which he was graduated, he conducted O ' Fallon ' s only drug store for a number of years before becoming a banker. In addition to the presidency of the bank, his business integrity and honesty have won for him other extensive interests. He IS a director and treasurer of the O ' Fallon Building and Loan Association, and manager and part owner of the Smiley Brothers Telephone Exchange. Mr. Smiley, who is keenly interested in the welfare of his city, is a member of the Meth- odist Church. Fraternally, he holds membership in the A. F. and A. M.; O. E. S. Chapter, Knight Templars, Consistory, and the Shrine. Five Hundred and Foitr Another officer ot the bank, who has contributed consid- arable energy for its develop- ment, IS William R. Dorris, the cashier. He was graduated from McKendree College m 1894, then studied m the University of Illinois, came to O ' Fallon in 1889, and served as the superintendent of his schools until 1903, when he became cashier of the bank, of which he IS also a director Mr Dorris IS a member of the A F. and A. M., O. E. S., The Chapter, Knight Tempi ir-. Shrine, Consistory, I.O. O F and the K. of P. He is an ic tive member of the Methodist Church and has always been interested in the civic affairs of his city. Mr. Dorris has served as chairman of Group Nine, and on important committees in the Illinois Bankers ' Asso- ciation. At present he is serving as vice-president for the state of Illinois in the American Bankers ' Association. A vice-president of the bank, and one of its directors, is George W. Tiedemann. He was born in O ' Fallon on Decem- ber I, 1873. Mr. Tiedemann received an education m the O ' Fallon schools and Smith Academy, of St. Louis, from which he was graduated m 1895. He is president of the Tiedemann Milling Company, of O ' Fallon, and a member of the Evangelical Church. Another important member of this bank is Dr. Herman T. Bechtold, a vice-president, whose complete biographical sketch appears m another section of this volume. But let us dwell on some of the interesting facts regarding the bank itself. It was organized in 190}, with a capital stock of $25,000. Its first quarters were in a small room in the building now occupied by Nold ' s Drug Store. The first board of directors were: A. B. Smiley, Dr. H. T. Bechtold, Chas. T. Smiley, George W. Tiedemann, E. H. Smiley, Joseph Taylor, and S. C. Smiley. The first officers, who are still active, are: E. H. Smiley, George W. Tiedemann, Dr. H. T. Bechtold, and W. R. Dorris. This force has been increased by two assistant cashiers — G. B. Gieser, elected in 1918, and A. E. Tiedemann in 1919; and Elsie M. Schaefer and Irma S. Schachner, as bookkeepers. First National Bank, O ' Fallon This institution enjoys a reputation of being one of the soundest banks in Southern Illinois. The conservatism in its management and the high financial standing of its directors and stockholders establish a fine foundation that spells safety for those who are connected with the institution. Some of the most prominent farmers and business men in this section are numbered among the stockholders. The re- sources show an amount in excess of $i, ' )00,ooo, and includes, besides the $100,000 capital, a surplus fund of $100,000, and substantial individual profits in addition, with deposits in excess of $1,100,000. The management of the bank has endeavored to keep pace with the growth and requirements of the community, and Its equipment and facilities are equal to those offered by banks in much larger cities. The safe deposit vault is pro- tected by a steel door ten inches in thickness and weighing nine and one-half tons, and reinforced concrete walls eighteen inches in thickness, all protected by an electric burglar alarm system. The large banking room equipped with modern book- keeping machines and labor-saving devices enables them to conduct their business with promptness and efficiency. Besides conducting a general banking business, the bank operates a Trust Department, which acts as executor, ad- ministrator, guardian, conservator, and in all other fiduciary Fne Hundred ami Fn capacities authorized by the Federal Reserve Act. The man- agement has always endeavored to serve the people of O ' Fallon in every vs ay possible. As its success proves, it has done this, not only with profit to the institution, but what is more, to the people. TIEDEMANN MILLING COMPANY One of the most important business enterprises in O ' Fallon is the Tiedemann Milling Company, a firm that has done more for this city than any other industry. The two men who have control of the organization, and have done so much to make it successful, are Charles E. Tiedemann, secretary and treasurer, and George W. Tiedemann, president. Both of them thoroughly understand their business because of a life-time experience that has made them capable and efficient. Charles E. Tiedemann is one of the best-known men in O ' Fallon. He is a son of Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Tiede- mann, and was born in the same city where his interests are today. After attending the public schools of this city he entered Smith Academy, in St. Louis, and was graduated from that institution in 1892, after he had studied in Wash- ington University. Immediately after graduation he was em- ployed by his father in the Tiedemann Milling Company, where he began at the bottom, worked his way up, and was soon elected vice-president and treasurer. Since he loves out- door hfe he is an enthusiastic sportsman and motorist, and finds his pleasure and recreation in such pursuits. As a traveller he has journeyed extensively, both in America and Europe. The president of this huge milling concern, George W. Tiedemann, the brother of Charles E., was born on Decem- ber I, 1873, in O ' Fallon. He attended the school here, con- tinued his education in Smith Academy, and later oecured a practical business education in a business college. As his father was engaged in the miUing business, it was quite natural that his son should follow this vocation. Therefore, after leaving school, he was employed in the Richland Mills, became well acquainted with every defciil, and in 1891, when the business was incorporated, he became a stockholder. In 1901 he succeeded L ' . F. Fischer as treasurer and general manager, and has since been elected president of the cor- poration. He has rendered valuable service to O ' Fallon by serving on school boards. He holds membership in several social organizations and is a member of the Evangelical Church. The company over which the above gentlemen hold such importiint offices was founded by two progressive and en- terprising men, Col. Charles A. Raith and Charles A. Tiedemann Mills, O ' Fallon Tiedemann, in i86o. The former was killed m the Battle of Shiloh, but the latter successfully carried on. The com- pany has grown to such an extent that its products are ship- ped not only to many parts of the United States, but also to foreign countries. The mills are modern in every respect, and have all forms of time and labor-saving devices. Effi- ciency and economy have been attained through the skill and ability of the two subjects of this sketch — George W. and Charles E. Tiedemann. SHILOH Shiloh as a town does not seem to be much older than 1845, but the immediate vicinity was the site of some of the very early settlements of St. Clair County. Among the first people to locate in this region were several families of Scotts, some of whom settled in Shiloh Valley about the beginning of the nineteenth century. These were sons of WiUiam Scott, who came from Virginia to this state and settled at Turkey Hill in 1797. He had six sons, and three of them made homes for themselves near Shiloh. James Scott married Sarah Teter soon after coming to Illinois and they made their home just south of Shiloh as early as 1802. William Scott, Jr., son of the Tur- key Hill pioneer, married Mississippi Biggs, a daughter of Judge William Biggs, of pioneer fame, settled half a mile west of the present village of Shiloh, and reared a large family. Joseph Scott, another son of the same family, married Nancy Harrison, a niece of General Harrison, of Ohio. She came to Illinois with her parents, who located at New Design about 1800. This family located about two miles south of the pres ' ent village of Shiloh in 1805. In 1809 Mr. Scott erected a small grist mill on a branch of Silver Creek, which ran through his land. It was a log building and the motive power was an undershot water wheel. This mill was also a powder mill, which was the first in Illinois. For a number of years he manu- factured a fine grade of powder for the local market. He pro- cured nitre for his powder from the caves of the Gasconade River, in Missouri, making expeditions for this purpose in the MC KENDREE .,,. ,. winter months with only a single companion, Joseph Dixon, when the country was more or less infested with hostile In- dians. Mr. Scott supplied the rangers and hunters of Illinois and St. Louis with powder, but never sold it to the Indians. In 1825 he erected a wool carding machine m Belleville, the first in that town, which he successfully operated tor some years. He moved to Belleville in i8j8 and became a justice of the peace. Some of his descendants still live in St. Clair County . Joseph Dixon settled near Shiloh as early as 1806. He was a great hunter and often made long trips for that purpose in Illinois and Missouri, and usually came home loaded with peltries. Later he moved to Sangamon County. Hugh and William Alexander settled a Uttle south ' west of Shiloh in 1 8 1 1 . The village of Shiloh did not have its origin until 184 , when the first house was built by Edwin Pierce. A store and the post office were estabhshed the same year. A little later other houses were built, a blacksmith shop was established, and in 1847 a steam sawmill was erected by Edwin Pierce, Philip Scott, and Charles Alexander. The village was laid out by Martin Stites and James Atkins. Most of the village still lies on a single street which has several stores and shops to supply the need of the inhabitants. But the most important thing in Shiloh is its ancient church . The site was selected for a camp meeting ground, because of the three abundant springs at the foot of the hill, and a good water supply was important for a camp meeting in summer time. The place was then called Three Springs. But geolog- ical changes that have taken place since then have eliminated two of the springs and the other is no longer a gusher. The Rev. Jesse Walker and Rev. William McKendree, who was presiding elder at the time, held a camp meeting there m the summer of 1807, which lasted eleven days and resulted in many conversions. At the close of the meeting, Mr. McKen- dree organized a church composed of the nineteen members of the class that existed already, and as many of the new con- verts as chose to become members of the Methodist Church. That was the beginning of the Shiloh church which has had a continuous existence of a hundred and twenty-one years and IS without question the oldest Methodist church in the state of Illinois. A log church was built there in the summer of 1807 which served as their house of worship until 1819. An annual conference was held there in 1816, under the presi- dency of Bishop McKendree, who had been raised to the episcopacy the year after he organized the church at Shiloh. Several houses of worship have been built on this consecrated spot. The one which stands there now is a substantial brick with a dignified steeple pointing heavenward, after the man- ner ot the churches of the nineteenth century. It was dedi . cated by Bishop Thomas Bowman m 1875. Since that time foreigners have come m largely and taken the place ot the early Methodists ot this region, but a taithtul tew have main- tained the church in Shiloh through all the years, in the face of many ditficulties. The fires have never died on the altars of Methodism in Shiloh. We cannot mention all who deserve credit for this sacrificial devotion to a sacred cause, but per- haps none deserves it more than Mrs. Henry Rentchler, who has proven herself to be one of the elect ladies mentioned by the apostle. The old cemetery across the street is also a spot of historic interest. It contains memorials of many Illinois pio- neers from Risdon Moore, a soldier in the Revolutionary War, to the more modern heroes of the present century. Shiloh also has a Catholic Church which cares for the spir- itual interests ot many of the immigrants who have more recently come into the community. SUMMERFIELD There is much important history clustering about this vil- lage located in the extreme northeast part of the county. The earliest settlements were made prior to 1810, about a mile south of the present site of the village, at a place called Union Grove. The Summerfield we know now is located there be- cause the railroad ran through. The earliest settler was Na- than Chambers, who was there as early as 1806, located on section thirty-three. In 1811-12 he built a fort on his place which was known as Chambers ' Fort, where neighboring families gathered when they needed protection from Indian depredations. We cannot more than mention by name some of the early settlers at Union Grove, some of whom are well known in Methodist circles. There were Robert and James Moore, John Broom, William Padfield, Robert Farrar, Samuel and Alfred Ryle, Henry Hutton, Rev. John Dew, Rev. Thornton Peeples, Dr. Anthony W. Casad, Edmond Randle, Malcom Johnson, Peter Wright, William Lunceford, and Rev. Samuel H. Thompson. The last named was prominent in the early history of Methodism in this section and was for years president of the Board of Trustees of McKendree Col- lege. Rev. John Dew was once president of McKendree, and Dr. A. W. Casad was prominently connected with its found- ing and early history. He was also the grandfather of Dr. E. J. James, formerly president of the University of Illinois. Mr . Padfield mentioned above had a camp meeting ground on his farm and frequently opened his house as a preaching place for the Methodist itinerants when the camp ground was not suitable. In fact, the Illinois Conference was organized at his house in 1824. It was a historic meeting, with Bishops Mc- Kendree, Soule, and Roberts, all present at the conference . Five Hundred and Seien |mc KENDREE 15 : ... .. William Padfield built a mill in 1826. It was the largest of its kind in that day. It was both a saw and grist mill and was propelled by ten oxen. Padfield ' s mill was known and patron- ized by the settlers for thirty miles around. In later years, Philip Eisenmayer conducted a more modern mill there which was destroyed by fire many years ago. Colonel Fred Hecker, the well-known German patriot, settled in the very midst of the Union Grove neighborhood in 1849 and spent the rest of his life there. His home was known for its hospitality far and wide, and many from farther than state boundaries came to converse with this philosopher patriot. The railroad deter- mined the location of the present village. It was laid out in 1854. At that time there was not a house within its Umits. The first one was built by Samuel Casad, who was the first merchant in the place. He soon erected a second house and in the following fall John Wakefield, Rev. Thornton Peeples, and Dr. Walker each erected residences. Dr. Walker was the first resident physician. A quarter of a century later Dr. J. H. Hewitt settled there and practiced many years, but later moved to Lebanon. The first school was taught by Miss Lucy Dew. It was a subscription school. The first public school building was erected in i860 and the present one in 1874. The Methodists built the first church in the place in 1857. The Mennonites built one in 1858, the German Methodists in 1864 and the Evangelicals in 1865. The Methodists of both kinds have long since disappeared from the community. The Mennonite is the only real active church in the village at the present time. Summerfield was incorporated as a village under the gen- eral law in 1866. There is a grain elevator which is in opera- tion a part of the year. Several stores and shops supply the commercial needs of the people though the automobile has been hard on the small town, and probably there is not as much business done there as there was many years ago. Route twelve runs just north of the village. Summerfield is included in the Lebanon Community High School District and it is well represented in the school. Summerfield has also furnished many students to McKendree College. CASEYVILLE This town was named in honor of Zadock Casey, who has held many high offices in the state. He served several terms in the State Legislature and in 1830 was elected Lieu- tenant-Governor of Illinois. He also served several terms in Congress. Before the laying out of the village, Charles Har- bour, a wealthy Frenchman, erected a large brick residence and a steam saw mill which he operated for several years near where the town is now located. The mill was erected in 184 . It was laid out as a village in 1849, by the Ilhnois Coal Com- pany, consisting of the following named persons : Hon. Zadock Casey, Judge Walter B. Scates, Charles Harbour, Malcomb Robinson, Dr. Charles Barrett, and John Roy. The company began the operation of coal mining on a rather extensive scale about this time. Until 185 1 the coal was hauled to St. Louis by ox and mule teams, across the bottoms. In February, 185 1 the company completed a railroad from Casey ville to Brook- lyn on which they immediately placed a locomotive and roll- ing stock, and by this means large quantities of coal were daily transported to St. Louis. The first house erected in the village after it was laid out was built by Jameson Robinson in the spring of 1849. Soon after that a number of houses were built and the village grew. By the end of the year forty per- sons were living there and the year that the railroad was com. pleted brought about one hundred and fifty more. In 1854 the Ohio and Mississippi railroad was built through Casey- ville and that gave the place another impulse to growth. In 1856 a post-office was established and Major E. M. Mallory was the first postmaster, and also the first Justice of the Peace. Its first church was Union Chapel erected in 1879 by popular subscription and intended for the use of any denomination who desired to hold exercises of worship in it . For the last quarter of a century or thereabout the Metho- dists have had a regularly organized church there and use the chapel as their house of worship. In 1928, almost a half cen- tury after the building was erected two of the original trustees are still Hving. These are Charles Thilman and Emanuel Webb. The village was incorporated in i86g and the first president was C. L. Muilberger. The present brick school house was erected in 1872. At present there is a population of about eight hundred. These people are served by four general stores. There is also a bakery and a meat market. An artificial leather factory gives employment to a number of men, while many of the Caseyville men find em- ployment in the coal mines that are in easy reach of the place. Besides the railroad to St. Louis it is on a line of the Inter- urban trolley road, and a state paved road. Besides the Union Chapel there are two other churches. Catholic and Evangel- ical, tho neither has had a regular pastor for some time. There are also several lodges maintained in the village. FREEBURG This town was formerly in Fayetteville Precinct, but since the adoption of township organization it is in Freeburg Township. It is a few miles south of Belleville on the Illinois Central railroad. An important fact in its early history is that it was first platted by John T. Lemen in t8j6. Its name at Fnc Hundred and Eight iiiii ' ' _ Freeburg Cummunity High School first was Urbana, but in 1859 ' ' was changed to Freeburg in honor of a European city which had been the early home of many of the immigrants who settled in this growing city. The original plat consisted of one hundred and twenty-eight lots, but more than a score of additions have been pl.itted since and now the town covers an area of more than half a square mile. A post-office was first established m 185 1 with George W. Smith as postmaster. It is on route 13 Illinois highways, and is surrounded by a rich agricultural region which supports numerous business enterprises in the town, such as general stores, hardware, furniture, dry goods, drug store, lumber yard, bank, garages, and other shops such as the needs of the people require. Perhaps the biggest business enterprise of the place is that of the manufacture of fine flour. Years ago there were two large mills with a capacity of near a thousand barrels a day. Also the coal mining industry has been a means of livelihood to many of the citizens. The pro- gressive character of the town is shown by the fact that it had an excellent water and light system before some of the larger towns had provided themselves with these modern conveniences. There are four churches represented in Free- burg. The Catholic, Evangelical, Baptist, and Methodist. Much attention had been given to education as well as reli- gion. Besides an efficient grade school there is a four year recognized community high school, housed in one of the best high school buildings in the county. Freeburg high school is nearly always represented among the students in McKen- dree College. MASCOUTAH Samuel Dixon built the first house withm the limits of the present town of Mascoutah. Dixon was a hunter and lived just south of where the Postel Mills now stand. The town was laid out on the sixth of April, i8j7 by T. J. Krafft and John Flanagan. It contained six blocks of different sizes and was called Mechanicsburg. After the town was laid out Samuel Mitchell built a log cabin and established a saw mill . In 1839 an addition was made containing seventy-two lots, by Hilgard, Krafft, and Benjamin West. At this time the name was changed to Mascoutah. Many other additions have been laid out since then. Dr. Smith, a son-in-law of Major Brown, was the first physician in the place. The first school house was erected just north of the Postel mill. Nathan Fike was the first postmaster. Conrad and Philip Eisenmayer pur- chased the mill property in 1839. They soon took in as a partner Philip H. Postel. They enlarged the mill and became exporters of flour. The second mill, erected near the old site was built by Andrew Eisenmayer and Philip Postel in 1848 and now known as the Postel Mills. It has been enlarged and improved until now it is one of the largest mills in this section of the country, having a capacity of three hundred and fifty barrels of flour a day. The growth was slow until the German immigrants began to come about 1840 and later. Since then the growth of the town has been steady and now Mascoutah is one of the fine towns of the county. It has six churches, a fine public school system, including a community high school, a hat factory, a rubber goods factory, a municipal Fire Hundred and K St. John ' s Evangelical Church, Masc3utah water works and lighting system. Good hotels, some fine stores and business houses of various kinds. Illinois State high- way No. 1 5 runs right through the principal street and there is bus service to St. Louis. NEW ATHENS This Httle city is situated on the Kaskaskia River and once had hopes of being an important river town. Several times small steamboats ascended the Kaskaskia as far as New Athens, and in fact the Wild Duck once went as far as Carlyle. But it often happened that the waters navigable in early spring were not in late summer or in frozen winter. And before water transportation was well established m the smaller rivers it was supplanted by the railroads. New Athens was first laid out by Narcisse Pensoneau m 1836. The plat consisted of forty -eight blocks comprising four hundred and sixty-one lots and a public square. The streets are of uniform width, sixty-six feet, except Water street which is ninety-nine. The Illinois Central railroad formerly known as the Cairo Short Line crosses the river at this point. The first train crossed the bridge there on New Year ' s day 1870. It is also on route thirteen of the Illinois State highway system. The first business house was Pen- soneau ' s general store. A school was taught there in 1836 by John Irwin, and a brick kiln was burned in 1838 by William Brock. The town has had several booms and subsequent re- verses. Twice the place was almost deserted and at other times it has had as many as 1,500 inhabitants. Its first post- ofEce was established in 1852. In 1866 the town was incor- porated and the first Board of Trustees elected and in 1868 a newspaper called the Era was started. The first church was the Methodist, which was built in 1869. This was fol- lowed by the Catholic in 1870, the Lutheran in 1878 and the Evangelical in 187Q. These churches are still functioning, and Mascoutah Community High School the sentiment for education as well as religion has increased to the extent that there has been established a recognized four year high school. MARISSA The original town of Marissa was laid out by James Stewart in December, 1867. It soon became a village with a few dwellings, a general store, a blacksmith shop, and a mill which could turn out a hundred barrels of flou r a day. In 1870 when the railroad, known as the Cairo Short Line ran through, it left the village a little to one side. Of course since the railroad would not come to the town, the town had to go to the railroad. Accordingly a site was chosen for a station and a new town was laid out by M. E. and J. C. Hamilton. The old and the new towns were not too far apart to grow together, and now they are connected by a continuous street and together have a population probably about two thousand. The name was selected by James Wilson, the first postmaster, who showed his love for classic lore by choosing a name preserved only in Latin records. It was the name of a city destroyed, and afterwards rebuilt, by Gabinius, and our St. Clair County city is now believed to be the only place in the world by that name. One of the founders, John Hamil- ton, came to this county from South Carolina in 1834. M. E. Hamilton erected the first business house; the mill was built and operated for many years by A. J. Meek; and the Wyllie brothers ran a store. The town was not incorporated until 1882 but it has easily outgrown some of its older neighbors. It has the usual type of business houses, stores, banks, gar- ages, and electric light plant, and the coal mining interests are a strong rival to the agricultural in that community. The public school employs twelve teachers, and the excellent Township high school has eight. There are churches of sev- Hnndred and Tc MC KENDREE eral denominations. The leading one is the United Presby- terian. There are also Methodists, Baptists, and Evangehcals. Marissa had the distinction of being a prohibition town long before the days of the eighteenth amendment. In 1906 when the Missouri Pacific railroad company lo- cated its shops at a point seven miles south of East St. Louis in the American Bottom, it laid the foundation of a thriving town called Dupo. The name is probably an abridgement of the name Prairie Du Pont which was anciently given to a settlement a short distance north of where Dupo now stands. The site selected is said to be the highest in the river valley for many miles. In all the high waters for the last half century It has not been overflowed and it is therefore considered free from all danger of flood. The railroad yards brought many employees and it was necessary for them to have homes and hence a town soon sprang up. In 1907 it was incorporated as a village with Louis J. Dyroff as president of the Board. Mr. Dyroff held the office for some years and then for a time lived elsewhere, but a few years ago he returned to Dupo and was again placed in a position of leadership as president of the Board. During his recent administration concrete walks were built on all the principal streets of the town. He then took up the matter of municipal waterworks, and has that enter- prise so well under way that the contract has alre.idy been let tor the installation of a modern municipal water plant. The first plat of the town covered one hundred acres sub- divided into city lots and additions made since then bring the total area to one hundred and twenty acres. There is a thrifty population of about two thousand people and the town IS well supplied with schools and churches. There are two excellent school buildings. The grade school employs ten teachers and a superintendent. The upper grades are conducted on the departmental plan. The Community high school IS housed in a magnificient brick building which cost more than $140,000 including equipment. This was com- pleted in 1926. In that year the taxable property in the com- munity district was valued at more than six million dollars. The enrollment is more than a hundred and still growing. There are four churches in Dupo — the Baptist, Catholic, Congregationalist and Evangelical. The Missouri Pacific rail- road maintains a vast plant, employing switchmen, trackmen, round house workmen, engineers, firemen, and clerks to the number of six hundred as an approximate total. These men do not all live in Dupo at present but they probably will as soon as the new water works plant is installed and in full operation. Residence Street in Marissa Veranda of Marissa Country Club Fire Hundred and Elev CHAPTER XV. Education in St. Clair County HE Chicago Historical Society locates the cradle of the great free-school system of Illinois in the now almost deserted village of Cahokia, in St. Clair County. On May 6, 1794, the citizens of Cahokia requested the judges of the honorable court of Cahokia to allow them to hold the first public school in the old courthouse, said to be the oldest in the west, now on Wooded Island, in Jackson Park, Chicago. This old document which fixes the time and place of the founding of Illinois schools was discovered after it had been hidden from human eyes for almost a hundred years. It was written in French. Translated, it reads as follows: To the Gentlemen, the Judges of the Honorable Court of Cahokia. The inhabitants of the parish of the Holy Family of Cahokia have the honor to express to you at their assembly that they have the desire to establish a school at their said parish (or town) for the instruction of their children. As they are obliged to do many necessary public works in the parish, they can not at once undertake the construc- tion of a building to hold the said school, so these represen- tatives ask you gentlemen to allow them to hold the said school in the audience room of the courthouse until they construct a building which will oblige all the inhabitants whose children have their instruction in the school, and, in which case, should there arise any defacement of the said audience room, they will leave it in the best condition which you judge necessary and proper. That is why they supplicate you to accord them this request as being necessary for the public good. In this cause they submit themselves to your good will and have the honor to be very respectfully, Your very humble and very obedient servants, Louis Sebrun Cahokia, May 6, i7q4 Louis Grand. This, according to historians, was the first request for a public school in Illinois. This school was established soon after the Revolutionary War, under the Old French laws. Virginia ceded a vast region, including Illinois, to the general government in 1784. On May 20, 1785, Congress passed An ordinance for ascertaining the mode of disposing of the lands in the Western Territory, and thus provided for the township method of surveying and designating lands. In this ordinance the sixteenth section was reserved for the maintenance of public schools in the several townships. This act was the foundation for the educational thoughts in the Ordinance of 1787 and the often repeated words: Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means ot education shall forever be encouraged. The school or Town- ship Fund would be a princely sum today had we carefully preserved the sixteenth section or the proceeds from its sale. Many of the first schools of St. Clair County are involved in considerable obscurity. In the early times the Jesuit Broth- ers had schools among the Indians who lived in our country. These teachers sought to implant in the Red Man ' s bosom a faith in the crucified Saviour and to train his intellect to grasp something of the White Man ' s learning and the ways of civilized life. The French settlers of Cahokia also had schools in the early days. They were managed in connection with the church affairs. In late years the schools of Cahokia were conducted inde- pendent of State aid under the old French law and were liberally supplied by a fund derived from the rents of the Cahokia Commonfields. A part of this fund has been pre ' served for the Cahokia School of District No. io, by an act of the General Assembly as a permanent district school fund. Private schools were kept for a few months each year, or a short time, and were sustained by subscriptions. John Messenger, a surveyor, t;iught a night school near Shiloh in 1S04. He made the map of Illinois known as the Peck and Messenger Map. John Bradsby taught a subscription school in Turkey Hill in 1810. In the same year a surveyor by the name of Dimmick taught school at the home of William Adams, one mile west of Shiloh. The first school house in the county was built in Shiloh in 181 1. A teacher by the name of Sinclair taught at Turkey Hill and Belleville about 181 5. In this same year John Boucher taught m an old house on Silver Creek in the Fayetteville precinct. A married m.ui by the name of Gallop taught at the Kinney Place m 1820 and at Shiloh in 1824. He accepted for his pay any produce that could be used by his family. Elihu Shepherd, a highly educated man from New York, taught at Turkey Hill and at Belleville in iSiv These were all subscription schools. Many teachers during this and a later period were not well prepared tor the im- portant work of teaching. Some had undesirable habits and some had a very limited knowledge. Surveyors were in de- mand. Some doctors taught and often a lawyer was county school commissioner, and acted as the county superintendent. Many farmers taught school in the winter and farmed in the summer. A few came to the new country from the East who were highly educated and inspired the country boys and girls to higher ideals and better lives. On January 15, 1825, just seven years after the admission of Illinois into the Union, the General Assembly met at the capital in Vandalia and passed the first school law. The preamble to the first school law reads as follows: To enjoy our rights and liberties we must understand them; their security and protection ought to be the first object of a free people; and it is a well-established fact that no nation has ever continued long in the enjoyment of civil and political freedom, which was not both virtuous ind en- lightened; and believing that the advancement of literature always has been, and ever will be, the means of developing more fully the rights of man, that the mind of every citizen in a republic is the common property of society, and consti- tutes the basis of its strength and happiness; it is therefore considered the peculiar duty of a free government like ours to encourage and extend the improvement and cultivation of the intellectual energies of the whole; therefore, a common school or schools shall be established in each county of this state. The first school districts organized under this law m St. Clair County were Cherry Grove, Union Grove, Turkey Hill, Sugar Creek, Ogle Creek, and Mount Pleasant. These districts were organized m the June term of the County Commissioners ' Court in 1825. The three county commis- sioners who signed the record for the establishment of the first legal schools were John Stuntz, Abel Fike and William Rutherford, Esquires. These districts were laid out by the Court on petition of several families praying for school priv- ileges according to law. The districts were governed by three trustees who examined and employed the teachers. No one could be taxed to support the school without his consent, which was first had and obtained in writing. The teachers received their salary in cash or good mer- chantable produce from the citizens who had given their consent in writing to support the school. They got but little cash, often having to take produce, chickens, ducks, colts, and calves for their labors. Most of them boarded around and were paid in part by the board furnished them. Under this law the rate ot taxation was 2 ot i and no single individual could be taxed over ten dollars ($10.00) for schools. The average salary tor men te.ichers as late as 1850 was about twenty-five dollars per month and for women twelve dollars per month. This law was the basic school law for thirty years, or until i8 ' i5. At New Athens, William Baumann, one of the early Ger- man settlers, opened a school m his own house and imparted instruction to his own and his neighbors ' children. In this same precinct Mr. Isaac Hill taught a school of about jo pupils in the year 183 1. The school house was located on Section 34, about two miles southeast of New Athens. Mr. Hill did not have to board around as he had a comfortable home at the residence of Philip Lively. Mrs. Martha Wilson taught in the same precinct on Mud Creek in i8j6 in a log school house, which had panes of glass instead of greased paper. In 1830 Mr. James H. Lemen taught m a log school house in Ridge Prairie. Susan F. Connor, a Boston lady, afterwards taught m the same school. She brought with her quite a collection of school apparatus, which were novelties to the pupils and patrons of her school. In 1830 schools were kept at Bethel and old Vernon Baptist Churches located m the same precinct. Among the active workers m the cause of education be- tween 1830 and 1840 were Rev. Mr. Brooks, C. G. Y. Taylor and Henry Holbrook. John H. Dennis, a Virginian by birth, came to Belleville in 1824. He taught private and public schools in Belleville and vicinity for more than 30 years and held the office of county superintendent of schools for four years. He was well prepared and a successful teacher. The first schoolhouse in Belleville Township for St. Clair precinct was built in 183 1 by Isaac Rainey, A. P. Free, Rich- ard Beasley and a few others. The first teacher was John Campbell. James Halliday afterwards taught there. The first school house in Richland precinct was built about the year 1830. John M. Scott, who afterwards became Su- preme Judge of Illinois, taught in the Shiloh precinct in 1844. George Bunsen, a devoted disciple of Pestalozzi, who came to this country from Germany in the early days of free school education in 1834, gave his talent and energy to the advance- ment of the free school idea and the promotion of better methods of teaching. He taught at Cherry Grove. After- wards he opened a private training school in Belleville, where he taught on Saturdays for the purpose of giving the teachers of Belleville and vicinity an opportunity of observing and Five Hundred and Th. MC KENDREE g .... learning his method. He was a great favorite with old and young. Teaching was his life work and he gave his hearty support to the elevation of the human intellect. He was for many years president and member of the Board of Education of Belleville and ex-officio superintendent of the county schools. He was a member of the State Board of Education. He aided in the establishment of the Normal School at Nor- mal, 111. The Bunsen school of Belleville is named in his honor. Under the law of 1825 there were three trustees who examined and employed teachers. There was also an assessor, a collector and a clerk, who provided the salary for the teach- ers in cash or good merchantable produce from the citizens of the district who had given their consent to support the school. The early school funds received from the state were in state bank paper, which had to be disposed of by the recip- ients at a great discount. In 1842 the sum of $120.40 in this bank paper brought only $50.00. In 1837, Sylvester Merrills, school commissioner of St. Clair County, received $829.26, the quota of St. Clair County for the years 1834, 1835 and 1836. In 1840 the school fund received from the state was $1432.31. A more substantial school law was passed by the General Assembly in 1855, during the time that the talented and able Joel A. Matteson was governor of the state. This law pro- vided that all the property in the state should be taxed for the education of all the children in the state. There was much opposition to this thought and to the law and the members of the Legislature who voted for it were not returned to the suc- ceeding sessions, but the law has never been changed. You will observe that the inefficient law of 1825 stood for a generation, or until the children who had been educated under it became voters and members of the General Assem- bly, when the more competent law of 1855 was enacted. Under this law education was given a new impetus and the citizens of the county organized many new districts and many new school houses were built. In 1855 there were in St. Clair County thirty-one schools. Twenty-four were taught exclusively by women, six were presumably taught by men and women at different times. These thirty-one schools were attended by 1217 pupils. The highest annual salary paid to male teachers was $202.00; the lowest $85.00. The whole amount paid for teachers ' salaries in the county was $2820.00. In i860, five years after the enactment of the 1855 school law there were eighty-one school houses in St. Clair County, with 138 teachers, and the amount of school district tax collected was $21,000, with $13,330 of state school fund paid through the state source of taxation. In 1840 the number of persons from six to twenty-one, entitled to school privileges, was 7,292; in i860 the number grew to 11,235 persons between six and twenty-one. When the Civil War came, a great many teachers left the schools, in defense of their country. John H. Dennis was County School Commissioner. In 1864, only six months of school was required and many schools were limited to that time. The teachers of this time were described as a laborious, industrious and self-denying body of men and women, yet many were lamentably lacking in thoroughness in the elements of a good education. The equipment of the schools was almost in a rude state. The seats in most of the country schools of the county were neither desks nor forms, but a sort of hybrid between a work bench and a plasterer ' s trestle, and by using them, hundreds of little feet dangled six inches from the floor, and hundreds of little hands were daily lifted above the heads of their owners, either to reach the top of the bench before them, or to ask for better seats. The law of 1855 brought to the schools of our county many able and competent teachers that were greatly needed. In 1857 James P. Slade came from New York to teach in St. Clair County. He was a fine type of gentleman and scholar and labored for almost fifty years in the cause of education in St. Clair County. He was a county teacher, a city teacher, a city superintendent of Belleville and East St. Louis, county superintendent of schools and state super- intendent of public instruction in 1878. The Slade School in East St. Louis is named in his honor. Henry Raab, a highly educated German philosopher, en- tered the Belleville schools as a teacher in 1858, as assistant teacher in West Belleville for a period of three months for the sum of $75.00 for the entire time. He served as teacher and city superintendent of Belleville and was twice elected as state superintendent of public instruction in 1882 and 1890. The Raab School in Belleville is named in his honor. He died March 13, igoi. Many other noble men and women were engaged in the schools of our county. The Co nstitution of 1870 was the first to contain an edu- cational article. It declared that the advantages of the school are to be enjoyed by all the children of the state. This elim- inated the word white from the school laws which had been passed previous to this time. This constitution provided that the child of the colored man is to receive the advantages of public schools as well as the child of the white parent. The school law of 1855, providing for the taxation of all property for the support of the common schools led to severe : Hundred and Fourtcci Wmo KENDREE- . ;.... , criticism of parents who failed to send their children to school. The man who had property and no children that was com- pelled under this law to support the schools asked that the man who had children and no property be compelled to send his children to school. This brought the next great movement m education in the establishment of a compulsory attendance law passed by the General Assembly m iS8q. This compulsory attend- ance law was so unpopular that the members of the Legis- lature who voted for it were defeated at the next election and the entire state .idministration was turned over to the opposing party. Governor Joseph Fifer was defeated and John F. Altgeld was elected governor. The law stood in a modified form and we now have a compulsory attendance law, compelling the attendance at school for the entire time that the school is in session of all children between the ages of seven and sixteen. Under these two laws the attendance of children in our county increased rapidly and the number of schools were multiplied. The following statistics, taken from the various county superintendents reports show the growth of the schools of the county since the year 1873. During these 40 years there has been a steady increase in the figures showing the conditions of the schools ; Number ot Number PubUc of Pupils Schools Number Number of Number Number Number of Pupils in of Male of Female of High Private Private Teachers Teachers Schools Schools Schools Number Number of of Dis- Teachers tricts in Private Having Schools Libraries Number of Vols, in Libraries Amount Paid to Teachers as Salaries 1873 128 1883 137 1893 137 1902 157 1913 185 9.172 11,966 12,659 16,269 19,129 73 105 162 241 411 2,082 1,579 2,972 2,981 5,436 42 9 36 18 63 16 69 67 135 116 434 $ 93,538.61 905 108,615.52 3,394 129,660.05 9,888 173,301.75 25,953 333,144-25 One of the duties conferred on the school commissioner was to examine teachers and to certify that they were qual- ified to properly teach. This was a heavy duty for our early school commissioner. The examination of teachers previous to 1832 was placed in the hands of the three school trustees or directors. The examinations were often superficial and at times ludicrous. One candidate received the right to teach by simply spelling the word phantasmagoria. One was asked if he was perfect in his orthography, he replied that his schooling had been confined to the elementary school and not the higher branch- es. One candidate was told to look the school commissioner straight m the eye and tell him if he knew how to make eggnog. The candidate replied, I ain ' t never done it, but I seen it did. We have travelled a long way in professional preparation since this early school time. County Commissioner Dennis, who was elected in 1859 was required by law to visit as often as practicable the schools of the county and note the mode of instruction, but no compensation was provided for this outside visitation. He was compelled to neglect this duty or to hire a horse at his own expense. If he neglected his duty he was m danger of dismissal from office by the state superintendent of public instruction, or by the county court and if he incurred the expense of hiring a horse to make the visits required by law he would consume half or more of his salary. The school law of 1855 allowed the county superintendent of schools the additional compensation of $2.00 per day for visiting schools for fifty days, which was afterward raised to $3.00 per day, and in 1867 this allowance for visitation was raised to $5.00 per day. The number of visiting days was lim- ited. There was no adequate law for compensation for the county superintendent till 1909, when the General Assembly passed a Fees and Salary law for county superintendents. The schools of St. Clair County owe a heavy debt to the early county superintendents for their earnest loyalty to the cause of education. These men worked continuously for bet- ter school conditions and for better schools. Their compensa- tion in money was small, but the reward in better schools for the children ot our county was large. Fire Hundred and F. teeri MC KENDR EE : ..... .. A list of the county superintendents who served St. Clair County is given. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS William Moore 1832 Sylvester Merrill 1833 Smyth Moore 1843 George C. H:irt ... 1847 David McFarland 1849 Joseph Hypes 1853 George Bunsen 1855 John H. Dennis i8 ' ;q E. H. Palmer 1863 August Whiting iSef James P. Slade 1867 John P. Gwillim (died in office) 1873 James P. Slade (appointed to succeed Mr. Gwillim) 1875 James McQuilkin 1877 Emil Dapperich 1882 Charles A. Cannady 1886 Charles Hertel 1894 W. A. Hough 1910 John E. Miller 1922 The first chief school officer of the county was appointed by the county commissioners and was called county com- missioner and agent for the county school fund. In 1845 a law was passed by the General Assembly pro- viding for the election of a county school commissioner who shall be ex-officio superintendent of the common schools of the county. The following statistics are taken from the county super- intendent ' s report for the year ending June 30, 1880: Male persons under 21 years of age .... 15,956 Fema les 15,639 Total 31.59 ' ) Males between 6 and 21 10,736 Females 10,685 Total School Districts Graded Schools Ungraded Schools no Average number of months schools were in session 8.08 Total enrollment of pupils 11,476 Male Teachers 134 Female 104 School-houses built during the year .... 3 Whole number of school-houses 138 Volumes in district libraries 938 21,421 116 26 Pupils in private schools 1460 Private Schools 22 Principal of Township Fund $65,803.32 Highest monthly wages paid any male teacher . 125.00 Highest monthly wages paid any female teacher 70.00 Lowest to any male teacher 25.00 Lowest to any female teacher 22.00 Amount of district tax levy .... 130,258.78 Estimated value of school property . 282,923.00 Total receipts from all sources .... 229,205.52 Total Expenditures 161,298.60 Salaries of teachers 100,121.45 Paid for new school-houses 4,831.98 Paid for repairs and improvements .... 7,209.56 Paid for school furniture 3,041.07 Paid for apparatus 5 9-57 Paid for fuel and incidentals . ... 11,761.67 The following table shows the growth of the schools of our county during the past twenty years : 1907 1927 School Census (6 to 21) 37,827 39,735 Total Enrollment 18,326 26,175 Total Days Attendance 2,482,901 4,071,620 Av. Daily Attendance 15,120 21,738 High School Enrollment 830 3,549 Amt. State Distributive Fund $17,810.75 $149,998.49 Amt. Paid Teachers 250,7721.06 1,260,801.75 Av. Salaries of Teachers 549-93 1,476.34 No. Teachers Grad. of College 141 No. Normal School Graduates 202 Length of Term 8.5 Value of all School Property $1,443,762.00 $5,932,801.00 District Tax Collected 420,299.73 2,330,364.69 Total No. of Teachers 456 854 Amt. of Bonded Debt $469,900.00 $1,372,575.00 THE COUNTY TEACHERS ' MEETINGS In 1883 the first county teachers ' institute law was passed by the General Assembly. This was the first act that recog- nized teachers ' meetings. Teachers ' meetings for St. Clair County had been in existence since March, 1879. The first president of the St. Clair County Teachers Association was John H. Brinkerhoff, of Lebanon, its second, George F. Kenower, of Mascoutah. The meetings of this association were held quarterly, beginning 1879 with 100 members. The North St. Clair Teachers ' Institute, composed of teachers in the north end of the county, was organized at O ' Fallon in December, 1S79 Hundred und S; The South St. CLur Teachers Institute was organized at Marissa, in January, i88o. The Belleville and East St. Louis teachers met monthly or bi-monthly. The St. Clair County Teachers Association and Institute has been in existence continuously since 1S79. The member- ship at present is more than twelve hundred. The number of certificates issued or registered in the school year beginning July i, 1927, was 1 j ' ;6. The programs of the St. Clair County Teachers Asso- ciation and Institute are instructive and interesting. The instructors are able, competent and in every way qualified. We secure the best. There are 854 teaching positions m our county. Oi this number, 107 are one room rural schools. There are n two room schools and four three-room schools. Shiloh has four teachers, with Armin L. Honnecker as principal. The Lafayette school has nine teachers, with M. F. Smith as principal and superintendent. This district in- cludes the Garrison colored five-room school with J. M. D. Brown as principal. Casey ville has four teachers, with Leroy Randle as prin- cipal. Lenzburg has four teachers, with John Molles as principal. Millstadt has five teachers, with George E. Dagit as principal. New Athens has six elementary and four high school teachers with H. W. Krohn as principal and superintendent. Freeburg has eight elementary teachers, with B. G. Mer- kel as principal, and six high school teachers, with Charles Barts as principal. Lebanon has eight elementary and six high school teachers, with Vernon G. Mays as superintendent and Minnie Niess as principal of the high school. Mascoutah has eight elementary and eight high school teachers, with L. A. Schafer as principal and superintendent. Marissa has fourteen elementary teachers, with E. A. Grodeon as principal and superintendent; and eight high school teachers, with George H. Thompson as principal. O ' Fallon has twelve elementary and nine high school teachers, with J. Emmet Hinchcliff as principal and super- intendent. Dewey School has six teachers, with A. J. Germain as principal. Union School has seven teachers, with Jennie E. Hughes as principal. Signal Hill has eight teachers, with E. W. Schmalenberger as principal. Dupo Community High School Rose Lake has nine teachers, with W. W. Sliva as principal. Brooklyn or Lovejoy has fourteen teachers, with B. F. Washington as principal and superintendent. Dupo has thirteen elementary teachers, with E. F. Schmelzel as principal and superintendent; and nine high school teachers, with R. K. Purl as principal. The first high schools in our county were established about i8 ' ;8 m Belleville, 1870 in East St. Louis, and 1872 in Mascoutah. In the revised school law of 1872, section 35 provides for township high schools. In 1904, a decision of the Supreme Court declared that Any district may establish and main- tain a high school department. The Marissa Township High School was established in 1907. The foundation for the sentiment of this high school was builded in the Marissa Academy, which had existed for several years before the organization of the Township High School. The Belleville Township High School was organized in 1914 and took the place of the Belleville city high school. The present principal is H. G. Schmidt. The O ' Fallon Township High School was established in 1918 and was the natural result of the town high school, which had grown to a four year high school. The Dupo Community High School was organized in 1920. The New Athens Community High School was instituted in 1920. The sentiment for its adoption was created in the town high school, which had been in operation for about ten years. The Freeburg Community High School was organized in 1921. This was also the natural result of a district or town high school. The Mascoutah Community High School was established in 1 92 1. The Mascoutah town high school had been in existence for almost fifty years. It was originated about 1872. Fne Hundred and Se MC KENDREE .■... ;...-_ The Lebanon Community High School was instituted in 1 92 1, and was also the result of many years of training given to the community by the town high school. Lenzburg and Millstadt each have a two year high school , established in 1921. Nearly all of these schools have modern school buildings and all have adequate equipment. EAST ST. LOUIS The first town on the site of the city of East St. Louis was laid out on the east bank of Cahokia Creek in 18 17. In 1841 Capt. John Trendley, John Cames, Esq., and their neighbors in lUinois Town, now East St. Louis, ' started a subscription hst to raise a fund for building a school house and hiring a teacher. $175.00 was subscribed, a carpenter was employed at $1.75 per day to erect a house. The site of this building was on the pubhc square in Illinois Town, afterwards the first ward of East St. Louis. This was a frame building 14 by 16 feet in size. It had room for two short rows of benches, a small desk for the teacher and a place for the water bucket and broom. The first pedagogue who presented himself was hired. No questions were asked as to his preparation or ability as a teacher. He was expected to keep the children out of mischief for six months of the year, including the winter season. In 1859 Illinois Town was incorporated. In the spring of 1861 a new charter was granted, increasing the boundaries of the town and an election was held for or against changing the name to East St. Louis. This election resulted in 183 in favor of the change and 89 against. In 1863 there were two schools, the upper and lower school, each having two teachers. In 1866 the following books were adopted by the board of directors for use in the schools of the district: Webster ' s Speller, McGuffey ' s Readers, Pinneo ' s Grammar, Ray ' s Arithmetic, and Monteith ' s Geography, and rules were adopted concerning the conduct of the schools. Peter J. C. Marion was the first principal teacher elected by the board of directors at a salary of $60.00 per month, with two assistants, in 1865. He was the principal of the upper school, which was conducted in the basement of St. Patrick ' s church. The lower school has become the Franklin School and there was a third school in the basement of St. Henry ' s church. In 1869 James J. Rafter was made the principal of the St. Patrick ' s School. Mr. Marion and Mr. Rafter gave many years of honored service to the city of East St. Louis as teachers and upright citizens. In 1869 Camp ' s series of Geography took the place of Monteith ' s and Goodrich ' s History of the United States and Kearney ' s History of the United States were added to the list of books. The first colored school was opened in 187 1, after the adoption of the Constitution of 1870, which gave the right for the first time in our state for the establishment of schools for colored children. This school was held in the colored Baptist Church on Brady Street. The first teacher was Francis Moss, at a salary of $40.00 per month. This school was established through the influence of John Robinson, a colored man and an ex ' slave, who was very active in the cause of education for colored children. Arthur O ' Leary, who served for many years as a principal and teacher, and the secretary of the board of education in the city of East St. Louis, was appointed as a teacher in October, 1S71. In 1872, Frank V. Rafter, a brilliant man who became city superintendent of schools. Miss Kate E. Conway, who is living in East St. Louis at the present time as a retired teacher. Miss E. Gain, who later married a very promising merchant, Mr. Oebike, and Dr. L. F. Morehead were appointed as teachers. The following is a summary of the report of the secretary of the board of education for the year ending June jo, 1875 : Number of schools in the district 6 Number of teachers 21 Average attendance during the year 1102 Number of boys 550 Number of girls 543 Average number of days taught 210 Total expense during the year $17,075.00 The middle school was held in the public school building on the corner of St. Louis and Collins ville Ave. with four teachers. The Broadway School was held in the basement of St. Henry ' s Church on Broadway with four teachers. The Franklin School was held in the public school building in the first ward with four teachers. The upper school was held in the basement of St. Patrick ' s Church with seven teachers. The colored school was held in the colored Baptist Church on Brady Street with one teacher, and the high school was held in a private building on 6th Street between Missouri and Division Ave. with one teacher and an average attendance of 17 pupils. Prof. Frank V. Rafter was the principal of the high school. Prof. A. J. Driscoll was the principal of the upper school. Prof. Arthur O ' Leary was principal of the middle school and Prof. J. Ruhland was principal of the Broadway School and Prof. B. Long was principal of the Franklin School. Five Hundred and Eighttfcii MC KENDREE fe: : .. ...- In 187:-, the first board of education was elected, consisting of SIX members. This above may be said to be the first part of the East St. Louis school system. The second part began with the erection of adequate school buildings. In 1889 the Webster and Franklin Schools, which were then considered modern brick buildings, with twelve rooms, were built. In 18S6 the Lincoln School building for colored children was built on the corner of 6th and St. Louis Ave. This building is now used as the offices of the East St. Louis board of education. In 1890 the Emmerson School, consisting of eight rooms, was erected. In 1894 the high school, a beautiful stone build- ing of eighteen rooms, was built. Other schools followed rapidly, including the Monroe and the Douglas m 1S96, the Irving in 1898, the Park, Washington, Longfellow, and Web- ster Annex Schools m 1900, the Monroe Annex m 1904, the Horace Mann m 1905, the Jefferson, Edgemont. and the Lincoln in 1906, the Slade m 1907, the Froebel m 1912, the Dunbar in 1916, the Manners and the Cannady m 1918, the Hawthorne in 1923, the Morrison in 1922, the Woodrow Wilson in 1927, the Harding Schools in 1928, and the new high school building in 191 5. This building campaign has given to the city of East St. Louis permanent school buildings. At the time of the erec- tion of these first permanent buildings, which were the Webster and Franklin Schools, the board of education con- sisted of G. Lehman, president and members W. A. Dill, Thos. J. Canavan, John A. Joyce, Dennis Rush, D. SuUivan, and Dr. J. L. Wiggins. The superintendent of schools and the secretary of the board of education was Frank V. Rafter. Mr. Al. Keechler spent many years as a member and president of the East St. Louis board of education. T. Jeff Daniel, J. M. Sullivan, Thomas L. Fekete, Rudolph Hun- ninger, C. L. Gray, P. Joyce, Dr. I. D. Foulon, P. Carrigan, D. A. Beeken, Geo. Coy, G. W. Thompson, Chas. Hissrich, Geo. G. Heller, and Paul W. Abt were members of the board. J. J. Reader was for seven years the secretary of the board of education. This may be said to be the second epoch in the schools of East St. Louis. The third epoch began m 1901 in the consolidation of all school districts in the city; the Douglas or Island District, the Central or High School District, and the Illinois City or Longfellow District, were combined in one district. The Washington Park District was added in 1904 and the Alta Sita and the Lansdowne Districts were later added to the East St. Louis School District, and these together comprise District 189, which is the East St. Lnuis School District Mr. A. L. Keechler was the president of the board of edu- cation during this combination of districts and Mr. James P. Slade was the city superintendent of schools. The fourth epoch in the history of the progressive school system of East St. Louis was the introduction of the manual arts department, Manual Training, Domestic Economy and a special supervisor of Physical Education and a supervisor of Drawing and Music for all the schools. This was during the term of office of Mr. Rudesill, who served for one year, and Mr. W. A. Moody, who was for many years the pres- ident of the hoard of education. Paul W. Abt, P. P. Gaynord, Harry Kraemer, Henry T. Renshaw, Horace J. Eggmann, Geo. T. Smith, Fred Leber, W. B. Dodd, John W. Sanders, Peter B. Cusack, Dr. Albert E. Reeves and Albert E. Memts were the members of the board. John E. Miller was super- intendent, J. S. Pidgeon, secretary, Frank L. Thrasher, supt. of buildings, and Lela Eggleston, stenographer. During this time the condition of the schools of the city of East St. Louis improved in a remarkable degree and stood among the best of the state. The teaching body consisted of live, progressive, energetic men and women, with special preparation and a varied experience. These teachers knew what and how to teach. The following is a list of the prin- cipals during this period High School, Charles L. Manners; Horace Mann School, D. Walter Potts; Franklin School, Bernard Guitues; Long- fellow School, I. H. Todd; Webster School, W. G. Padfield; Park School, C. G. Williams; Emmerson School, O. E. Harper; Washington School, Charles Cannady; Monroe School, F. F. Sams; Irving School, James P. Slade; Second Street School, May E. Young; Douglas School, Julia Buckley; and Lincoln School, colored, B. F. Bowles. In 1911, D. Walter Potts was appointed city superin- tendent of the East St. Louis School System and has con- tinued in that office up to the present time, or for seventeen years. The principals and supervising officers of the East St. Louis schools for the year 1927-1928 are as follows: High School, H. A. Kanzler, prin.; Junior High School, M. E. Bruce; Alta Sita and Irving Schools, O. E. Harper; Bluff View School, Edgemont School, Eighty-first Street School, Oak Park School, Seventy-fourth Street School and Morrison School, J. J. McGlynn; Cannady School and Longfellow School, J. A. McCoUom; Emerson School and Froebel School, Miss May E. Young; Franklin School and Washington School, H. B. Hinckley; Hawthorne School and Wilson School, J. E. Wesley; National City School, Charles Hertel; Fne Hundred and , . Jefferson and Manners Schcxil, W. L. Baughman; Monroe School, W. G. Padfield; Park and Slade Schools, H. F. Thurs- ton; Roosevelt School, Margaret Mulberry; Webster School, C. G. Williams; Denverside School, Garfield and Rush City, Dunbar, Twenty-sixty Street School, and McKinley School, M. V. Lucas; Lincoln High School and Grade School, J. W. Hughes; Frank F. Glasow, supervisor of physical education; Bessie Sawyer, supervisor of penmanship ; Carmen A. Trimer, supervisor of drawing; Julia R. Kelsey, supervisor of music; E. C. Tillotson, supervisor of instrumental music; W. Morris Jones, supervisor of manual training; Mary McGuire, super- visor of home economics; Cecile C. Combs, assistant super- visor of music and drawing; Frank L. Thrasher, supervisor of properties and purchasing agent; Lela E. Krehmeyer, sec- retary to superintendent of schools; Dorothy Reid, stenog- rapher board of education. A new high school was built in East St. Louis in 1915. The list of the superintendents of schools, who have served the city of East St. Louis, contains the names of many able and worthy educators — James McQuiIkin, M. A. Sullivan, T. J. McDonnough, Frank V. Rafter, James P. Slade, an ex-county superintendent and ex-state superinten- dent of public instruction, J. F. McCullough, John Richeson, John E. Miller and D. Walter Potts. John S. Pidgeon served for more than twenty-five years as an efficient and competent secretary. This position is now filled by Samuel Moore. The presidents of the various boards of education since the time of Mr. Al. Keechler, or 1903, are Mr. Rudesill, Mr. W. A. Moody, Judge B. H. Canby, Thomas Knoeble, Fred Kraft, Wallace Watkins and Dr. E. W. Cannady. At the present time the president of the board is Dr. R. L. Campbell. Since the establishment of the East St. Louis High School in 1872, the following principals have served: C. A. Single- terry, Frank Rafter, Charles Manners, who served as the principal of the high school for almost twenty-five years, D. Walter Potts, served for one year, H. J. Alvis, served for a number of years. The present principal is Herman A. Kanzler. Since 1896 the principals of the colored schools have been Mr. Byron, Mr. Thompson, B. F. Bowles, who served as principal for many years, and J. W. Hughes, who has been the principal of the Lincoln High and Grade Schools since 1914. M. V. Lucas, the principal of the Paul Lawrence Dunbar School, came to the East St. Louis system almost forty years ago and has been continuously a teacher and principal in the schools of his adopted city. During the administration of D. Walter Potts, city super- intendent of schools, the school system has grown in a marked degree. The Roosevelt, or ungraded school for back- ward children, was established in 1919. This is under the direction of Miss Margaret Mulberry as principal. The colored schools have a total enrollment of 2495, and the white schools of 11, 275. The colored high school has 134 students and the white high school 1027. The colored Junior High has 241 students and the white Junior High has 847. In 1923 Parsons Field was purchased as an athletic field for the East St. Louis Schools and in 1925 the old Y building, at i th and Bond, was purchased as a colored recreation center. The Lincoln High School became a member of the North Central Association of Schools and Colleges in 1928. In the city of East St. Louis there are a total of 432 active teachers, principals and supervising officers. They have a body of sincere, progressive, well qualified teachers, with a splendid physical equipment and every possible advantage for the advancement of the children. This system has competent medical inspection for all school children with doctors and nurses continuously caring for the health of the children. It also has installed a thrift program which has been successfully practiced. The school pupils of East St. Louis and surrounding communities now have $160,724.12 on deposit in the East St. Louis banks. The following history of the Belleville public schools was written by the late A. M. Wolleson, a thorough gentleman, a great student and a kind, lovable man. He worked for many years in the public schools of Belleville as teacher, prin- cipal and assistant to the county superintendent of schools. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF BELLEVILLE The city of Belleville, Illinois, had its first beginning in the year 1814, when, as authentic records inform us, it was platted and laid out in George Blair ' s cornfield. The founders, influenced, no doubt, by the early French settlers of the county, gave it the euphonious French name Belleville. The writer ' s endeavors to obtain information concerning schools and education in the new town during the first period of Its existence has met with but meagre success. In the year 1 82 1 the Belleville Academy was incorporated by an act of the Legislature. Its frame building was located on the west side of South Jackson Street, south of Lincoln (formerly Second) Street, about where the Jackson Street M. E. Church is now standing. Its aim was to furnish young men with a higher education. William Turner was among its first in- structors. He was a cultured man and a student and lover of Shakespeare, whose works he recited with all the eloquence Fne HiuiJred ami Tw MC KENDREE and grace of an actor. This gave rise to the heUef among his contemporaries m Belleville that he had formerly been con- nected with the stage, though he never admitted this to have been the fact. In 182}, there was a school house standi ng where the First M. E. Church is now located on East Washington (formerly First) Street. It is known that a certain Mr. Gallop taught school m that building in the year 1824. In the same year, 1824, Mr. John H. Dennis, a native of Virginia, came to Belleville. For the next thirty-five years he was uninterruptedly engaged in educational work m pri- vate and public schools in Belleville, and served four years as county superintendent of schools. His first school was opened 1824 or 1825 in the Mitchell Building, located on the north side of the public square, where we now find the Belleville Bank and Trust Company ' s building. It was called the Aristocratic school, owing to the fact that the children of wealthy families from St. Louis and other places attended it. This able teacher died in Belleville in 1869. In the year 1825 the first school law of Illinois was enacted. Viewed m the light of today its many deficiencies are glar- ingly revealed. For instance, no one could be taxed for the support of a public school without his consent, and educa- tion was provided for white children only. Yet it was a beginning, and far better than no law at all. It brought schools to a limited extent under some sort of public control, and eventually paved the way for more effective legislation. For the next thirty years the great majority of the children of Belleville attended school in any available rooms rented by teachers of varying efficiency who charged for each pupil a certain amount agreed upon. We have learned that school was kept in basements and other unsuitable and unsanitary rooms sparingly equipped with furniture and educational appliances, and most likely but slightly and only perfunctorily controlled by legal authority. Among the most prominent teachers of those years we meet with the names of Mr. Edwards and Mr. John F. Parks. These two men, and others, taught successfully in schools located m the Odd Fellow ' s Hall on the northeast corner of A and High Streets; in the basement of the old Presbyterian Church on the site of the present Bell Telephone Company ' s building, southeast corner A and Illinois Street; in the Advocate Building on East Washington Street, between Illinois and High Streets; in a building on West A Street, between Second and Third Streets; and on South First Street, between Main and Washington Streets. And so by halt blindly groping our way through the mist of a number of years we finally emerge into more recent periods that are partly illuminated by scraps of minutes of transactions of boards of directors preserved to us by the school authorities of the present day. The oldest of these records beings with an entry dated October ij, 1847. At that time three directors were constituting the hoard, namely ; Charles Ellis, William M. Parker, and C. G. Y. Taylor. On October 20th, 1847, they met and elected Mr. Taylor treas- urer. On October 2 ;th he gave bond and entered upon his duties. On November i8th they in a body visited the various schools taught by Mr. John Coleman, Mr. Beach, Miss Hough, and Mrs. Avard. They found them all under good regulations and tolerably well supplied with school-room furniture. On January 6th, 1848, they met and examined the sched- ules of John Coleman, Mr. Holbrook, Mr. Beach, Mrs. E. Avard, and Miss Hough. They corrected and certified them and ordered the following sums paid to the respective teachers: To Coleman, $4.65; to Holbrook, $1.05; to Beach, $:v:-,o; to Mrs. E. H. Avard, $ .90; to Miss Hough, $6.0 ;. There are no further minutes by this board. Continuing quoting from the same book we find the fol- lowing entries among many others : February 15, 1851: The following named persons were elected school directors for district number four, T. i N., R. 8 W.: David Swire, Theo K. Krafft, and William Lorey. They met February 24th and elected W. Lorey Clerk. This board served until January 14th, 1856, during which time 19 meetings are recorded. They at first made visits to the different schools taught by teachers named and found them all satisfactorily conducted and well supplied with furniture. On March nth, iS ' ji, they expressed regret that Mrs. Hyde ' s school room was almost too small for the num- ber of scholars; but she told us that m a short time she would have the use of a more commodious room. This would be very desirable. The principal duties performed by them seems to have been to examine and correct the teachers ' schedules and hand them over to the township treasurers. The following teachers are named during their term of office : Mrs. Jenkins, Mrs. Hyde, Mr. and Mrs. Edwards, Mr. Galbraith, Mr. Rail, Mrs. Holbrook, Miss Hough, and Mrs. Johnson. In 1853, these new names appear: Messrs. Richards, Griffin, Ha well, Loftus, Miss Martina, and Miss Hill; in 1854 Mr. Thompson and Miss Granger are added. On September i6th, 185 1, they employed Mr. Fried- laender to take the number of all white persons under the age of twenty-one years residing in our school district. The following was the result: Males, 952; Females, 897. School census was again taken in October, 1853. The total number was then 2271. The first election under the new school law of 1855 was held January 14th, 1856, and the following were elected: James Affleck, Henry Goedeking, and Will Kempff. They organized January 22nd by electmg Henry Goedeking pres- ident and Will Kempff secretary. Resolution passed: That the board of directors shall have a regular meeting on the first Tuesday of every month, at early candleUght. It was also resolved that the directors in a body visit and examine the different schools of the district on next Thursday, Jan- uary 24th. January 28th: The directors, after having examined all the schools of the district, which came to their knowledge, re- solved: that the following report of our visit is hereby recorded : In accordance with a resolution of our last meeting we proceeded on Thursday, January 24th, and visited : 1 . The school in the Protestant Church, under the man- agement of Mr. M. Seitz. Number of scholars, 156, the greater portion of which were German. The studies embrace English and German. Mr. Seitz keeps a schedule and has a certificate. 2. The school west of the Catholic Church, under the management of Mr. Paul Anton Helmich. Number of schol- ars, 90, the greater portion of which were German. Studies: English and German. Mr. Helmich has a certificate and keeps a schedule. J. The school in the basement of the Catholic Church, under the management of Mr. John Webster. Number of scholars, 55, the majority of which are English. Studies alto- gether English. Mr. Webster keeps a schedule and has a certificate of qualifications. 4. The school in the basement of the Methodist Church, under the management of Miss Granger and Miss Ash. Number of scholars, about 70, all females. The schedules were kept according to law and the teachers have certificates of qualification. 5. The school in the Odd Fellow ' s Hall, under the man- agement of Mrs. Edwards and Miss Edwards. Number of scholars, about 100, male and female; two departments, the first or primary department under the care of Miss Edwards. Keep a schedule and have certificate of qualification. Friday, January 25th, we continued and visited: 6. The school of F. M. Rail and W. Krech, in Abend ' s Hall. Number of scholars, 77, of which number about 17 were not residents of the fourth district; the scholars were all males, English and German, and the studies were also English and German. Mr. Rail has a certificate of qualifica- tion and promised to keep a schedule according to law. 7. The school in the German Brick Church, under the management of Mr. Krauss. Number of scholars, about 50, all German. Mr. Kraus keeps a schedule in German and has no certificate. 8. The school in the Old Hall, under the management of Miss Field. Number of scholars 12 to 14, male and female; all small, just beginning. Has no certificate or schedule. 9. The school in the basement of the Presbyterian Church, under the management of Mr. P. Roed er. Number of scholars, about 20, all German, male and female. Studies German and English. Mr. Roeder keeps no schedule and has no certificate. 10. The school of Mr. Dennis. Number of scholars, about 25, all males. The studies embrace the higher as well as the common branches. Mr. Dennis keeps a schedule and has a certificate of qualification. 11. The school in the West Belleville School-house, un- der the management of Mr. Masbacher. Number of scholars, 25, all German. Keeps a schedule and has a certificate of qualification. The total number of pupils attending schools in the Fourth District, 684. Mr. Affleck was instructed to notify all the teachers to keep their schedules in strict accordance with the law. Whereas the school taught by Mr. Seitz contains entirely too many scholars for one teacher, therefore resolved : That Mr. Seitz be authorized to employ an assistant teacher, for teaching the various English branches, under the same con- ditions, as said Seitz has taught heretofore. At a meeting held March 13th, 1856, it was resolved that inasmuch as the schools had not heretofore been taught in strict accordance with the law, and inasmuch as the money raised by taxation this year was sufficient to pay for only six months ' school, therefore the board would not certify to the correctness of the schedules for the first half of the year but see to it that everything was done hereafter accord- ing to law so that the money coming to them for the year could be used for the support of the schools for the last six months of the year; by which arrangement they would keep up the schools according to law. Fne Hundred and Twenty-Two m g s: - Rules and regulations were ordered printed March 26th, Resolved on April jrd, i8 ' i6: That we commence Free Schools on next Monday, the seventh day of April, 1816, under the following arrangements: To keep in each ward a primary school and also a primary school m West Belleville, all for boys and girls together, and two grammar schools, one for boys and one for girls, male department of grammar school to be kept by Messrs. Dennis and Fuller, each with a salary of $450.00 per year, female department of grammar school under the tuition of Mrs. Edwards and Miss Hough, the first with ,1 salary of $450.00, the latter with a salary of $350.00, to be kept in the basement of the Methodist Church for the rent of $100.00. First Ward primary school under the tuition of Miss Edwards, with a salary of $250.00, to be kept in the basement of the Presbyterian Church for the rent of $50.00 per year. Second Ward primary school under the tuition of Messrs. Seitz and Roman, the first with a salary of $400.00, the latter with a salary of $3,50.00, to be kept in the German Protestant Church for the rent of $50.00 per year. Third Ward primary school under the tuition of Messrs. Webster and Helmich, with a salary of $400.00 each, to be kept in the school rooms ot Catholic Church Association. Fourth Ward primary school under the tuition of Miss GaskiU, for the salary of $300.00, to be kept in the old Library Hall, for the rent of $72.00 per year. West Belleville ' s School under the tuition of Mr. Roeder, with a salary of $400.00, to be kept m the West Belleville school house, for the rent of $ — .00 per year. Also to employ Mr. Krech as teacher of the German lan- guage for the male and female grammar departments with a salary of $300.00 for teachin g four hours daily. On April i2th, 1856, the board and the teachers met and selected uniform text-books as follows : 1 . McGufFey ' s Series of Readers, submitted to be gradually replaced by Tawer ' s Readers. 2. Mitchel ' s Intermediate Geography. 3. Greenleaf ' s Common School Arithmetic and Colburn ' s Mental Arithmetic. 4. Buttler ' s English Grammar. 5. Webster ' s Spelling Book and School Companion. 6. Goodrich ' s History of the United States. 7. Copy-books with copies set. And so it seems that the Belleville public schools were now, on April 7th, 1856, launched out under the school law of 1855 in regular and approved form. A summer vacation was declared by the board to begin July 25th and end August 25th, iSsfi. The board encoun- tered considerable trouble this first year. First Mr. Dennis resigned soon after accepting his position. A certain Mr. F. D. Halstead was hired to take his place June 24th; but in July he handed m his resignation. Finally Mr. C. F. Ncetling was engaged m his place. The schedules were examined and certified to every six months, and it seems th.it the teachers were paid only every SIX months — twice a year. How the teachers got their pay for the first six months, just before the schools became reg- ular Free Schools, is not made clear. The board resolved to see the township trustees about it, and if not successful in getting them to pay them advised the teachers to petition each for himself. In order that free schools might be held the entire year it became necessary to raise a larger amount of money by taxa- tion than the board had power to levy, and therefore an election was held in June, 1857, to determine by vote of the people whether such schools should be held for twelve months or not. The majority of the people voted in favor of the proposition; 450 for and 147 against same. Nine teachers were employed for the year 1857-1858, namely: Mrs. L. D. C. Edwards, Miss Mary Edwards, Miss Nancy S. Hough, Mrs. Johnson, Mr. Barnum, Mr. G. S. Slade, and Mr. Miller. Salaries for these teachers were $500.00 for the male teachers and $400.00 for the female teachers. Mr. Parks was engaged at the same time as super- intendent of schools, and in addition as manager of the grammar department, with the condition to classify all the scholars, visit the schools at least once a month, arrange the examinations, and do and perform such duties as generally were involved upon a school superintendent; his salary was $1000.00 a year. On November 9th, 1857, following were elected mem- bers of the board of directors: Messrs. O. B. Fauke, C. T. Elles, and Jacob Lehr. Miss Julia Taylor was employed as teacher on January 8th, 1858, with a salary ot $50.00 for one quarter; if she gives satisfaction, she is to be paid $6o.oo. On January i8th, the board resolved to pay the teachers the first quarter due them, amounting to $1050.00. January 29th, 1858: Resolved that we employ Mr. Raab as assistant teacher to Mr. Wile in West Belleville, to com mence February ist, 1858, for the term of three months and the sum of $75.00 for the three months. February 22nd, 1858: Resolved, that as necessity requires that we should have a high school in this district, that we Fire Hundred and Tw.ntyTh MC KENDREE order forty double seats from Cincinnati, and prepare the third story of the Literary Hall for a high school. April 2nd, 1858: Teachers were paid. (Miss Taylor must have given satisfaction, for she was paid $60.00) May 19th, 1858: Resolved, that whereas complaint has been made for punishing scholars, therefore resolved that we visit every school and give each teacher the following written notice: Resolved that corporal punishment be entirely abol- ished, and that incorrigible scholars be referred to their parents. June 7th, 1858: Summer vacation ordered to begin June 1 8th to August 2nd. An election was ordered to be held on June 21st to determine whether or not the school term should be extended 1859, and also to submit to a vote the building of a school house either in the 2nd, jrd, or 4th Ward, and a two mill tax to erect the school house. June i8th, 1858: This day was Picknick of all the free schools. Result of the election held in the Court House the 21st of June, 1858: 468 votes for the extension of the school term; 264 votes against the extension. 276 votes for the two mill tax to build school house; 347 votes against a mill tax. July 26th, 1858: Resolved that the weather being too hot the free schools are to commence August 30th; notice to be given. August 27th, 1858: Resolved that we pay Mr. Raab $550.00 to take the West Belleville school alone and teach one hour German every morning from 8:00 to 9:00 o ' clock. August 30th, 1858: Paul Roeder was employed to teach one hour German extra every day with extra pay at the rate of $600.00 per year. The third story of the Advocate Building was fitted up for school purposes. October 29th, 1858; Vis- ited Mrs. Edwards and Miss H. school; present 78 scholars. Visited Miss Mary Edward ' s school; present 44 scholars. Visited Mr. Wile ' s school; present 37 scholars. Visited Miss Taylor ' s school; 78 scholars. Visited Mrs. Weeden ' s school, 50 scholars. Mr. Slade ' s, 78 scholars. Mr. Parks ' and Mrs. Scott ' s, 59 scholars. (Remark; Mr. Slade ought to have an assistant.) Mr. Slade got his assistant in Mrs. Thwing at the rate of $300.00 salary November 2nd. October 30th, 1858: Resolved that whereas by visiting the German classes we found only fourteen scholars at Mr. Roeder ' s and only eleven at Mr. Raab ' s, therefore we do not feel justifiable to continue the German classes after this quarter expires. A petition was received by the board November 12th, 1858, to continue the instruction in German. But the board suspended said instruction until a new school house shall have been built, affording more room. November 2jrd, iSiS: Mr. Roeder having now thirty-two German scholars he was allowed to continue instruction in German until further notice be given him. December 7th, 1858: Singing in all the schools was recommended. March 3rd, 1859: Resolved that the teachers of the public schools in District 4, Township i N., R. 8 W., Belleville, are permitted to suspend their respective schools during the first week in April, 1859, in order to attend the Teachers ' Institute. Resolved that if any teacher thus suspending the school does not attend the Teachers ' Institute every day, their time of absence be deducted from their wages. The first Teachers ' Institute held in Belleville opened April 4th, 1859, under the charge of Mr. Merwin; full at- tendance; very interesting; lectures every evening. The question of extending the school term for i860 was carried by but a small majority on May 14th, 1859. Building a new school house and buying the Odd Fellows Hall for a school were voted down on the same day. A tax levy of 35 cents per hundred dollars valuation was approved for i860. August i2th, i8 ' i9: The clerk was authorized to notify Mr. Parks that we do not need his services as teacher and superintendent any longer. Resolved that we declare Mr. Park ' s place vacant. August 22nd, 1859: Resolved that the scholastic year commences on the 29th of August, in order to close the school by the 4th of July next. An election was ordered for September 5th for three directors. August 29th, 1859: Resolved that whereas we have no superintendent, therefore the schools be suspended till after the election. George Bunsen, Wm. Kempff and James Affleck were duly elected directors on September 5th, 1859. The above extracts are taken from the oldest minute book now in the safe of the board of education of the Belleville public schools. All through these minutes are evidences of a sincere desire on the part of the directors to build up good schools. They make frequent visits to the schools and watch the progress made and the efficiency of the teachers. They do their very best to solve the difficulties encountered in- volving the question of housing the schools and providing additional teachers whenever the number of pupils become too unwieldy. This, in many cases, is not done until there are 65 to 80 pupils to a teacher. It is seen that the public is utterly opposed to providing new school buildings, al- though there is a dire necessity for same. Surely these people were serving the community under most adverse conditions, and deserve credit for their noble activities. Fne HuiiilreJ and Twenty-Four Under date of November 9th, i860, we find the following entry: The Catholic school rooms having been offered free of rent for the establishment of schools under the rules for the government of our public schools, it was resolved to establish schools m said school rooms and engage the present teachers, if they appear to be qualified. One year later the board required that the teachers of the Catholic schools abstain from such observance as with which Protestant chil- dren could not consistently comply; also, it is expected that they will only observe such holidays of the Catholic Church as they and their scholars would feel compelled by their religious convictions to observe. In January, 1863, the board resolved that whereas the schools near the Catholic Church are too much crowded, Mr. Bunsen be authorized to inquire, whether an arrange- ment can he made to send the small scholars to a preparatory department under the care of one of the Sisters of the insti- tute, subject, of course, to all rules of the common schools. Mr. Bunsen a few days later reported that it was not practic- able to establish a preparatory department at the school near the Catholic Church — the Sisters of the institute being un- willing to conform to the rules governing the teachers of the Common schools. The Civil War did not fail to leave its mark upon the records of the Belleville public schools. We learn that on August i6th, 1862, a petition of citizens was presented, calling upon the directors to have the oath of allegiance ad- ministered to the different teachers. It was temporarily dis- posed of by laying it on the table till next meeting. At the meeting held August 23rd, 1862, a motion to comply with the request of the petitioners was lost, and a resolution adopted which showed a disposition to pass the buck to the county superintendent of schools. The petitioners seem to have been dissatisfied with this action of the board of direc- tors because on October nth they sent a committee to appear before them relative to the said matter of adminis- tering the oath of allegiance to all the teachers of the common schools. At a meeting of the board held a week later the clerk was instructed to inform the said committee of the citizens in writing That the board had been informed by the superintendent, Mr. Slade, that the teachers of the schools of District No. 4 have taken the oath of allegiance on the 1 8th, of their own accord, without waiting for any action of the directors in the premises. This matter was thus effectively and satisfactorily settled. Every year towards autumn a special election continued to be held to vote for or against levying a special tax for continuing school longer than six months during the ensuing school year. The majority in favor of a long school term was always decisive, sometimes almost unanimous. This shows the general sentiment of the community in favor of educa- tion. However, the proposition to purchase ground and erect modern school buildings was repeatedly lost. Finally in Au- gust, 1864, it was decided by a large majority of votes to buy ground and build school buildings. As a result thereof Frank- lin and Washington Schools were erected at a cost of about $100,000. These schools could accommodate 1568 children when all rooms were occupied to their capacity. The average daily attendance had at that time never reached 1200. The opinion was expressed that there would be ample accommo- dations for four or five years to come. The board now found itself confronted with the serious problem of raising sufficient funds to defray the current ex- penses of conducting the schools, paying interest on bonds and providing a reasonable amount for the gradual retire- ment of bonds. The bonds issued drew ten per cent interest, making the financial burden doubly heavy. A business de- pression had occurred in 1869 which induced the board to lower the tax rate temporarily, and the teachers were the ultimate sufferers. The salaries of the great majority of teach- ers were, and remained, small. Only a few, the men at the top, received fair salaries. Thus in the year 1871, of the 30 teachers employed, 24 received $87 ' ;o; the other six received $7500. The teachers ' pay was small for reasons already explained. In 1879, when the writer became a member of the corps, he accepted his position as principal of the Lincoln School at the annual salary of $500.00 The young girls who entered upon the profession of teaching began with a salary of $3,00.00. From such an insignificant beginning they advanced at slow and gradual paces — $25.00 or $50.00 raise every two years — until a maximum of $700.00 to $1000.00 was reached. It must be remembered, however, that the purchasing power of a dollar in those days was about twice what it is today. But even so, the pay was but meagre and shamefully inade- quate for the decent support of a married man and his family. Many teachers were, therefore, obliged to supplement their income by earning additional money outside of their school hours, or during their summer vacations. Some taught sum- mer school for a certain fixed amount per pupil, others went out on a farm and helped in the harvest fields, others gave private lessons in the evening during the school year. The young girls who, as stated above, began with a salary of $300.00, were not Normal graduates. They were intelli- gent young ladies who had completed their studies in the higher grades of the Belleville schools and now were given employment on probation, under the immediate supervision of superintendents Bunsen and Raab. Under their close and careful guidance, they soon developed into good teachers, unless they proved themselves naturally unfit for their chosen calling, in which case they were, of course, not re-employed. Instruction in the higher branches was provided by the board ever since the first year they took charge of the public schools. In a comparatively short time a very able and effi- cient corps of teachers were imparting instruction in all branches usually termed high school branches. So thorough was the instruction given there that the pupils graduated therefrom went forth into the world very well prepared for taking their positions in the ranks of the workers m the various fields of activity. The business men of St. Louis in those days were always on the look-out for graduates of the Belleville Public Schools when they needed young men in their stores or factories, and faculties of the State Normal Schools greeted with pleasure the youth of Belleville to their institutions as they always found them well grounded and correctly trained. For many years the name high school was not applied to those higher grades, for the reason that there prevailed a curious popular opposition to any public education higher than the grammar grades. There came a time in the middle seventies when the opposing elements were successful in stealing a march upon the unsuspecting and easy-going major- ity. On election day, when but a comparatively small vote was registered, the opponents of higher education piled up a large vote at a late hour of the day and elected two out of three members. These two members created considerable excitement and tried their best to reduce the efficiency and cost of the schools, but without much success. They did succeed for a year or two in cutting down the time allotted to the higher branches, but eventually the high school, proudly flourishing its name, was established on a firmer basis than ever before. And so the Belleville High School continued as an inte- gral part of the public school system until in the year 1916 it became the Township High School, under another and separate board of control, namely the Township High School Board of Education. The growth of Belleville has been regular and steady. And as the population increased it became from time to time neces- sary to build additional school buildings. The several build- ings are here listed in the chronological order of their erection : Lincoln School, bought from West Belleville, enlarged 1864; Franklin School erected in 1864; Washington School erected in 1866; Bunsen School erected in 1879; Humbold School erected in 1883; Central School erected in 1889; Douglas School erected in 1894; Henry Raab School erected in 1906; Jefferson School erected in 1912; Junior High School erected in 1919. After the resignation of Mr. Raab from the superintend ' ency in 1S90 he w..s succeeded in office by Mr. H. D. Up- dike, who was promoted from his position of teacher in the high school to that of superin tendency. Mr. Updike served until the year 1902, when he was succeeded by Mr. J. K. Light, who came here from the east. In 1904 George H. Busiek took charge of the superintendency and served until he resigned and retired from school work in 1916. Mr. Oscar F. Weber succeeded him and served till 1921, when he went to complete a university course at Urbana, at the state university. He was followed in office by Arthur L. Odenwaller, who after two years was succeeded by Wm. A. Hough. In 1925 Mr. Harold V. Calhoun became the superintendent and is still serving as such. All of these men have worked earnestly, probably with varying degree of success, to keep the Belleville public schools abreast of the times and conducted according to the latest and most modern educationa l ideas. Innovations of methods have been introduced conforming to the view advanced by the young enthusiastic school men of today, and a large corps of supervisors employed. A kindergarten system was established in 1916 and a junior high created shortly thereafter. The praiseworthy liberality aroused m our citizens during the stress and anxie- ties of the World War is still alive, and fair and attractive salaries are now paid all teachers. There are at present 99 teachers employed, including eight supervisors, and their annual pay amounts to $136,021.66. The people have just voted in favor of issuing bonds to the amount of $275,000.00 and to erect one new school building in the south end, and to raze three old buildings and erect in their stead new buildings strictly up to date in all respects. All this testifies to a commendable spirit of liberality and a sincere desire to provide the children of the city with the very best that can be had in the line of edu- cation. May that spirit ever continue. The first school was established in the town of Mascoutah about 1840. In 1872 Edwin Auerswald, as principal of the Mascoutah public school was empowered to introduce a system of im- proved gradation and to adopt and fix a course of instruction suitable to the requirements of a good school and commen- surate with the demands of modern education. F.ir Hundred and Tw There were four hundred and fifty pupils m 1872 .md according to Mr. Auerswald ' s records, not one knew a tnin- sitive from an intransitive verb, neither could they distin- guish the difference between the maps of Africa and South America . Reading, writing, arithmetic, geogmphy, and spelling were the only branches taught prior to 1872 and there was no course of study so that teachers could know what was being taught in each room, Mr. Auerswald added United States History, grammar, composition, algebra, geometry, book- keeping, botany, zoology, physiology, and natural philosophy to the high school course. Seven of the subjects then taught in the high school are now taught in the grades. Classes were graduated from this course, but we have no written record of their names. Our first record of a graduating class bears the date of 1888, sixteen years after the establish- ment of the high school. The course consisted of two years m 1888 and was changed to three years in 1894. It remained a three year course untu 1914, when It was changed to a four-year course. In igis the high school was accredited by the state, and by the university m 1917. In 1921 the district high school was changed to a commu- nity high school and domestic science and manual training were added to the course. Agriculture would also have been made a part of the course had there been enough pupils desiring it. We hope to add it later. The following men have served as superintendent from the organization of the school to the present time: Edwin Auerswald, from September, 1872 to June, 1876; Charles Cannady, from September, 1876, to June, 1886; Charles H. Kammann, from September, 1886 to June, 1890; William A. Hough, from September, 1890 to June, 1892; J. L. Landers, from September, 1892 to June, 1895; P. O. Mortensen, from September, 1895 to June ,1897; O. P. Klopsch, from Septem- ber, 1897 to June, 1904; C. O. DuBios, from September, 1904 to June, 1909; Rupert R. Simpkins, from September, 1909 to June, 191 1 ; Omar Caswell, from September, 191 1 to June, 1913,; L. A. Schafer, from September, 1913 to June, 1915; Charles B. Klingelhoefer, from September, 1915 to June, 1921 ; Arthur Moore, from September, 1920 to June, 1921; and L. A. Schafer, from September, i92r to present time. In 1850 the first public school was opened in the Marissa School District. The building was constructed of hewn tim- bers secured from the nearby forests and erected by the citi- zens. The school furniture was crude and also prepared from the same timber. On two sides of the building were openings for window glass. These openings provided the Hght and the ventilation. The building was located about one block east of the present site of the Marissa Baptist Church. About 20 years later a small group of buildings became known as Marissa . The second school building was opened during the early days of the Civil War and located about one fourth of a mile east of the first school. One of the early lady teachers was an eastern lady of culture with a competent education. Her name was Miss Post. She became the wife of Mr. Archibald Coulter, one of the early settlers of the community and a member of the Coulter family after whom Coulterville was named. This school had exciting contests in spelling that attracted the families m the neighborhood. The third school building was erected in 1870 between the towns of new and old Marissa. Two teachers were em- ployed to instruct the increasing number of pupils. One of the early teachers was John W. Wells. In 1886 a brick building consisting of six rooms was con- structed. The members of the board of directors who under- took this work were J. W. Stewart, S. B. Curry and W. M. K. Lyons. Mr. Lyons is still a resident of Marissa and IS deeply interested in the advantages of education. In 1896 two rooms were added and two more m 1906. In 1924 the old academy building which had housed the Marissa Academy for many years and which served as the foundation of the Marissa Township High School, was re modeled for class room use tor the elementary schools. The museum m the basement of the mam building consists of a large collection of antique and interesting specimens. This was the work of Mr. Thomas Key worth, who was interested in the work of the public schools and was the finest janitor m the state of Illinois. The Lenzburg School was originally a part of the Hickory Grove School District. It was established in 1862, composed of a part of the Hickory Grove District and a part of the East Dutch Hill District. It was originally a one-room build- ing until an addition was built and it became a two-room building, which stands at the present time on the edge of the town of Lenzburg. This building became crowded and a part of the school was held m the Methodist Church and in Stallman ' s Hall. Early in the spring of 1909 the village of Lenzburg donated a part of the village park to the school district and a modern four room building was constructed m April, 1910. Attorney John M. Chamberlin delivered the dedicatory address. This school became the only Community Consolidated School in St. Clair County and was changed to District No. 204, with a two year high school, recognized by the university and the State Department of Education. Mr. John Molles is the principal and Mr. Wm. Muser, Sr., is the president of the board of education, and Jerome Prediger is secretary. Fur Hundred and Twent -Sae BOOK IV Biographical Sketches Preface Be wo}{ IV includes biographies of some who have been grad- uated from McKendree College since 1908, of some who have enrolled in the college but have not been graduated, and of many citizens of St. Clair County. These biographies were not written by one author but b) ' several different writers. We have attempted in all cases to avoid error; we have endeav- ored to ma e the best use of the material at hand. If errors of omission have bee?i made, they are generally the result of insufficient data; if other mistakes have been made, which is undoubtedly the case, we are sorry. In all cases we have sought accuracy in every detail b)i submitting to our subjects completed sketches for correc- tion or verification. Many of these were never returned to us, and, consequently, we were forced to publish them ignorant of any pos- sible inaccuracies. Many of our patrons failed to send pictures, or else sent them too late for publication, and as a result these were omitted from this volume. We feel that an explanation is necessary for printing Boo IV in two different sizes of type. We have adopted the smaller size type for all those biographical sketches whose contents far exceeded the space allotted, and rather than reduce the number of words in these sketches, we felt that it ivould be more satisfactory to reduce the size of the type and eep the contents of the sl etches intact. There is a difference in the sizes of portraits and in the relative lengths of s etches, not because of editorial discrimination or choice, but because of differences in the considerations of contracts. We feel deeply indebted to all those who have contributed to the success of this publication — the subscribers, the photographers, and all others. We expect criticism but we hope that our patrons ta}{e into consideration all the difficulties that had to be overcome in procuring and asseynbling this data, as a result of the death of Mr. Jacob Kolf, the originator of the plan of this volume. The Editor Biographical S etches CHAPTER I PHILIP H. POSTEL HMAN OF great integrity of character, of marked executive ability, of generous impulses, Mr. Postel has contributed much to the upbuilding of Mascou- tah — such is the statement made in the History of St. Clair County, published in 1881, concerning the character of Philip H. Postel, the grandfather of our subject. This eminent an- cestor came from a long line of German farmers, was born at Hassloch, Rhein Pfaltz, on July nth, 1818, and in 1841 real- ized his long cherished ambition to see America and visit his relatives here, the Eisenmayers, who were then living in Mascoutah. In this place, which then comprised only eleven houses, Conrad and Philip Eisenmayer were operating a grist and saw mill, and Mr. Postel soon joined them in this busi- ness. In 1842 on September 4, Mr. Postel was married to Maria Eisenmayer, who was also born in Germany, and came to this country in 1840. To them were born nine children, seven of whom lived to maturity — three boys and four girls. These three sons — Philip H., Jr., George, and Julius — took over their father ' s prosperous milling business, upon the death of the latter, and met with unusual success in its management. George, the father of our subject, was born at Mascoutah, on Oct. nth, 1852. After completing a public school course he continued his studies m McKendree College and in Washington University of St. Louis, after which he returned to Mascoutah and worked for a time in his father ' s mill. Afterwards he went to O ' Fallon, where for five years he worked in the Charles Tiedemann Mills, in which enterprise his father had a half interest. Here he learned the miUing business thoroughly, and upon his returning to Mascoutah, took over the management of the Postel Mills, ably directing this great and growing business during the rest of his active life. George Postel ' s wife, and the mother of our subject, was Miss Medora T. Jansen of Quincy, 111., and was married to Mr. Postel May 24th, 1882. To them were born two sons and two daughters — Philip H., Fred Wm. (deceased), Amelia J. (Mrs. George N. Souer) and Medora M. Postel. Mr. Postel was still a young man when he was elected vice-president of the Postel Milling Company, and after he retired from his ofEce, he still maintained his interest in the business. He was twice elected president of the Mascoutah School Board, and for five years held the presidency of the Millers ' Mutual Fire Association of Illinois. He was long a faithful member of the German Methodist Church, and of the Masonic Order. He died June th, 191 5, several years after he retired. Mrs. Postel is still living and in good health. Their son Philip H. Postel was born m Mascoutah, on August joth, 1889. His father, knowing the value of a liberal education, gave to his son Philip the advantages offered in the Mascoutah public schools, and added to this a technical and higher training in a school of Manual Training in St. Louis, and in Washington University. He returned to Mascoutah, with this excellent equipment, and assumed responsibilities in the Postel Mills, working under his father and his uncle. His interest in the milling business, and his ability to perform well the duties assigned to him,- enabled him soon to become one of the important olEcers in the direction of this great company. On the 19th of June, 1916, Mr. Philip Postel was married to Bessie M. Holnback, a native of Green County, 111., and the daughter of Charles W. Holnback and Bena Achenbach. Her father was one of the large land owners in Green County, but retired many years ago (191 j) to Signal Hill, near East St. Louis, 111., where he bought a residence and other prop- erty. In 1919 he moved to Hollywood, California where he lived until his death on March 19th, 1926. Mrs. Postel was one of the three children of Charles and Mrs. Holnback. She received a good education, a product of the Illinois Womans College at Jacksonville, III. She is the mother of three child- Fiie Hundred and Thirty-One ALLEN T. SPIVEY ren — Frances H., born August i8th, 1917, Philip H. (de- ceased) born September 30th, 1922, and Charles W., born July 13th, 1926. In 1921 Mr. Postel was made president of the Philip H. Postel Milling Company, a position which he holds today. He is a Mason, enjoys auto driving and bowling for recrea- tiorv, and values his friends. ALLEN T. SPIVEY - EGINNING his business career as a printer m a small Ij town, at a salary of two dollars a week, Mr. Allen T. Spivey of East St. Louis, by meritorious effort, native ingenuity, hard work and honest dealing, has advanced to the rank of one of the leading editors in Illinois and one of the most successful and wealthiest business men in the southern part of the State. He is the son of Thomas J. and Sally Ann Spivey and was born on a farm in Bollsville Township, seven miles west of Shawneetown, Illinois on April 5, 1875. His mother died when he was a little over four years of age and his father died in February 1897. The formal education of Allen Spivey consisted of an elementary schooling, a three- year course at Shawneetown High School and the completion of a course at the Evansville Commercial College. In Septem- ber iSgi he began his business career as a printer for the Gallatin Democrat, published in Shawneetown, and for the PHILIP H. POSTEL first year received two dollars per week, working ten hours per day. During the next few years he worked for the various newspapers in the surrounding district, receiving a valuable training which has aided him immensely in his career. In 1901, he had his first political experience, being elected city treasurer of Shawneetown. In November of that year he e stablished the third weekly newspaper in his home city, called the Shawneetown Gleaner, which he consolidated with the Shawnee News and developed it into one of the most successful and influential Republican newspapers in southern Illinois. This event was the beginning of his activity in Re- publican politics. He served as Postmaster at Shawneetown for two terms. January 18, 191 5, Mr. Spivey moved to East St. Louis and established the Spivey Printing Company and the East St. Louis Tribune, a weekly newspaper. On February i, 1918, he purchased the East St. Louis Journal, now a prosperous and widely-read daily. Mr. Spivey has taken a prominent part in politics. He has been superintendent of the Finance Department, Assistant Commerce Commissioner and a member of the Illinois Tax Commission. During the twelve years that he has been in business in East St. Louis, he has made a great fortune, he owns considerable real estate and in 1927 completed the first Fne Hundred and Thirty-Two MC KENDREE twelve-story office building m East St. Louis. He is prominent m banking circles, being a stockholder and director ot the Union Trust Bank and owning stock in the First National Bank. On Christmas Day, m iqoi, Mr. Spivey was married to Mary O ' Neal Wright of McLeansboro, Illinois. Two chil- dren were born to them, Mittase Wright Spivey, born Sep- tember ID, 1902, and Allen Thomas, Jr., born October 2, iQii, and died in East St. Louis on August 11, 1920. The mother died March 2, 1922 and Mr. Spivey was married to Miss Carrie Briedy in the spring of 192J. She was born in New Orleans on January 6, 1896 and was the daughter ot Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Briedy. On August 7, 1927, a daugh- ter, Elizabeth Ann, was born to them. The activiti es of Mr. Spivey are by no means confined to his newspaper and politics. He has always been active in the work of his church. More space is given to church news m the East St. Louis Daily Journal today than in any other Illinois newspaper. In directing the policy of his paper, Mr. Spivey has been fearless m his stand for that which he con- sidered to be clean, moral and right, not with a negative will to avoid what was wrong, but with a positive determination to uphold that which is right. An active member of news- paper associations, he is now president of the Republican Editorial Association of Illinois, and is associated with other editorial organizations. He is a 32nd Degree Mason, a Modern Woodman, an Elk, a Rotarian and a member of the Missouri Athletic Association and St. Clair Country Club. ROBERT D. W. HOLDER QOW AT THE age of eighty (1927), the Hon. Robt. D. W. Holder, of Belleville, is still an active member of the Illinois Bar, and carries on his legal practice with much of the energy of former days. Mr. Holder ' s life has been one of hardship and struggle, from boyhood, to secure an education and to establish his practice as a law- yer. He is a native of Jefferson County, 111., born on Feb. 22nd, 1847. His parents — Willis and Fariba Cook Holder — came to Illinois from Tennessee in the early settlement days. The father had been born in Georgia, and was but ten years of age when his parents moved to Tennessee. When war with Mexico threatened, he enlisted for service, at Mt. Vernon, 111., was made a Second Lieutenant, departed with his company for Mexico, where he died the following year (1848), a victim of camp fever. Robert was then less than a year old, and his mother and the seven children were left to manage the 200 acre farm as best they could. She received a pension of eight dollars a month from the govern ' ment, and this, with what additional income the fimily could receive trom the farm, enabled them to improve their land and, later, to pay off all indebtedness .igainst it. The family remained on this farm until 1857, when Mrs. Holder married again, to Levi Sh.irp, of Mascoutah, and soon after- wards moved to this town. Here Robert had an opportunity to attend the public school, continuing his studies until he was fifteen, when he began working { or his stepfather, haul- ing flour from Mascoutah to Belleville and to St. Louis. After several years at this work, he secured employment on i farm, worked and saved all he could until he was twenty-one, when he entered McKendree College to re- sume his studies in preparation for the calling for which he had long desired to prepare himself At the end of a year, his savings exhausted, he was compelled to leave col- lege in order to secure means for further educition, and after teaching for three years, he was able to enter the Law School of Michigan University, in 1S72. He remained here for two years, graduating in 1874. During the three years which he had spent m teaching, he had studied law at home, and in the office of Judge White, of Carlyle, Illinois, and later under the direction of the Hon. F. A. Lietze, of Carlyle, 111. After his graduation, he again entered the teaching ranks for one year, in a school south of Mascoutah, known as the Barth School, and the next year opened a law office in Mascoutah. Here he conducted a practice for two years, during which time he held the offices of Town Clerk and of City Attorney, and in March cf 1877, came to Belleville. Until 1880 he was employed by the law firm of James M. Hay and Chas. E. Knispel (both now deceased when he was elected to the office of State ' s Attorney, and reelected m 1884. In 1882 he formed a partnership with Mr. L. D. Turner, a former classmate in McKendree College. Between them a warm friendship had grown while they were students together, and this friendship continued until the death of Mr. Turner, in April, 1918. The law partnership was unbroken during all this time except for the six years, from 190 j to 1909, when Mr. Holder held the office of Circuit Judge. From 1900 to 1902 he served as Master m Chancery, which office was also once filled by his law partner. After the death of Mr. Turner, his son, Lucius D. Turner, Jr., became Mr. Holder ' s law partner, and they now operat e under the name of Turner and Holder. A biography of Mr. Turner and his father will be found within the pages of this history. Soon after establishing his practice in Belleville, Mr. Holder was married, on Aug. 23,rd, 1877, to Miss Anna Five Hundred and Thirty-Three MC KENDREE g.... ROBERT D. V. HOLDER E. Barth, a young lady from Mascoutah, where she was born on Nov. ist, iS -;, and where she was reared and edu ' cated. One daughter, Jessie May, was born to them, on Oct. ist, 1878. She IS now the wife of Mr. T. J. Connell, passenger agent for the St. Louis Division of the Southern Railway System. Mr. Holder, through a long career of close and careful attention to business, has accumulated some of the material benefits of life; he owns a splendid residence in Belleville, as well as some farm land and other property. He is a mem- ber of the Elks and of the K. of P; also of both State and local Bar Associations. Both he and his good wife are in the best of health. JOHN MARSH.ML KARNS IN THE SPRING of 1912 there graduated from McKendree College a number of students who ranked among the most talented and brilliant of those who had attended the old school. John Marshall Karns, one of East St. Louis ' able lawyers, was the valedictorian of this graduating group. He was born in the country, near Eldorado, Illinois, on October 12th, 1889, the youngest of the six children of John L. and Elizabeth F. Karns. The former is still living; the mother died in 1917. His early education was secured in the country school, near his home, after which he entered Ewing Academy, completed its course in 1908, and in 1909 enrolled in McKendree, from which he received his A. B. degree three years later. From 191 2 to 1914 he was principal of the Township High School, first at Pinckneyville, and afterwards at Oblong, Illinois. For one year he was a student in the Georgetown University Law School of Washington, D. C, and in the fall of 1916, he was chosen as one of the stump speakers advocating the election of Woodrow Wilson. Soon after the death of his mother, in the spring of 1917, he en ' listed for service in the World War, and remained in the service until the end of the war. In 1919 he resumed his law studies in Georgetown University, graduating in 1921 with the degree of LL. B., and ranked among the ten highest in the class of 213 law graduates. When the law student body, consisting of 1129 students, presented to the university a memorial to the memory of their classmates, who had died in the service, Mr. Karns delivered, before the entire univer- sity body, the presentation oration. The year following his graduation, Mr. Karns was a mem- ber of the legal staff of the Federal Prohibition Commissioner at Washington, D. C. He returned to his native city in 1922, and opened a law office, and also served as City Attorney of Eldorado, until 1925, when he came to East St. Louis, and became a member of the law firm of Karns and Flanders, with offices in the Metropolitan Building. Attorney Karns is a member of the East St. Louis, the Illinois, and the American Bar Association; of the American Legion, and of the Forty and Eight; of the Phi Alpha Delta Legal Fraternity; of the Eldorado Country Club; of the Lions Club, the Elks, and the Masonic Order — a 32nd degree Mason and a Shriner. In McKendree he belonged to Plato, and in Georgetown University he was president of his senior class, was a member of various law clubs and debating socie- ties, and of the Illinois Society in the District of Columbia. Mrs. Karns, formerly Alice G. Cape, to whom he was married December 28th, 1923, was an Eldorado girl, the daughter of F. F. and Charlotte Cape. She is a graduate of the Eldorado High School and of the Southern Illinois Nor- mal, and taught school before her marriage. She is a member of the Eldorado Woman ' s Club, and of several teachers organizations, and also of the Baptist Church. Mr. Karns is affiliated with the Methodist denomination. Fur Hundred and Th nyFouT -cs MC KENDREE LOUIS J. DYROFF ONE OF THE wealthiest and most influential men m the county is Louis J. DyrofF, a real estate dealer at Dupo, 111. His father, Louis DyrofF, was a hard-working, far-sighted German farmer, who before retiring from active labor, succeeded in amassing a large fortune in land near Dupo. He foresaw a great future for this part of the county. The father was born in Germany, at Hessendarmstadt, on February 2jrd, 1843, and was brought to this country by his parents in 1848. The family settled on a farm in St. Clair County, where the father soon acquired a large estate, and here the son spent his childhood, attending the public school, learning the art of farming, and in turn becoming a successful farmer. He was married to Katherine Harres, who became the mother of six children — four girls and two boys. Louis J. Dyroff, one of their two sons, was born on the farm in Sugar Loaf Township, on August 17th, 1872. He He was sent to the public school and afterwards to the high school at Columbia, 111., and this was followed with a course in the Perkins ? Herpel Business College. His schooling finished, he went back to his father ' s farm and worked here until 1898, when he began farming for himself. Ten years later he sold some of his land to the Railroad Company and invested in other farm land in Monroe Coun ty. In 1914 he was appointed Postmaster of Dupo, and held this position until 1923; but in the meantime he had made a venture in the general merchandise business, m 191 5, and managed this until 1925, when he sold the business. For many years he had been dealing in real estate, and after selling out his store, he devoted his time more fully to this interest, and even now makes the real estate business his chief concern. Perhaps no one has taken more interest in the civic affairs of his town than has Mr. Dyroff. Back in 1906, when he was yet in early middle life, Mr. Dyroff was elected the first president of the Dupo Village Board, and even before this time he began serving on the School Board, of which he is still a member. For many years he held the position of Town Collector, and also that of Police Magistrate. He organized the first Light ii Power Company in Dupo, and sold this to the Illinois Light 6? Power Corporation in 1922. He assisted in the organization of the Dupo Building feP Loan Association, was made its first president, and is now vice-president of the same, as well as vice-president of the Dupo State Savings Bank, which he also helped to establish. In 1924 Mr. Dyroff was elected to the office of Super- visor and in the following year was again placed at the LOUIS J. DYROFF head of his city government as Mayor. During his admin- istration, sidewalks have been laid and waterworks have been installed in the town. He lent his aid to the building of the new Community High School m Dupo, and serves at present on its Board of Education. Mr. Dyroff was ap- pointed a Food Administrator in his locality during the late war, and served both as Chairman of the Liberty Loan Com- mittee and as a Committeeman of the State Council of Defense. Mr. Dyroff is married and has a family of four children, all of whom are grown to manhood and womanhood. Mrs. Dyroff was the daughter of George Doerr and Carohne Kraus; her marriage to Louis Dyroff was solemnized on the loth of November, 1898. She came from a family of six children who were reared on a farm in Sugar Loaf Town- ship. Her father, a prosperous farmer in this township, and her mother, have both passed away. The first daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Louis Dyroff, Hilda E., was born in 1901, on the 26th of January, and is now the wife of Raymond Dod- son, a public school principal. Esther A. was born July 7th, 1903, is a graduate of the Illinois State Normal University and of the University of Illinois. She is engaged in the teach- ing profession. The first son, Arthur J., who came into their home on March 15th, 1904, and the youngest, Erwin, born Five Hundred and ThirtyFixi IMC KENDREE DR. H. T. BECHTOLD on January 25th, four yeiirs later, are both attending the James Millikin University in this state. Verily they have reared and educated a goodly family. As previously stated, Mr. Dyroff is reputed one of the richest men in his community. He is the owner of more than three hundred acres of land around Dupo, and besides, holds valuable land in Texas. But he has always been a hard worker, a good business man and an efficient manager. He belongs to the Shriners of the Masonic Order, and, also, is an Odd Fellow. DR. H. T. BECHTOLD SINCE the year 1880, Dr. H. T. Bechtold, one of the senior physicians in St. Clair County, has been located in O ' Fallon, 111. When he first came to this city, it had about one thousand inhabitants, and he has lived and worked and served here, and grown into the life of the city, until he seems indeed a part of it. The good doctor comes from a staunch German family. His parents, Fred Bechtold and Eugenia De Basompiere, were born in Europe, the father in Meintz, Germany, and the mother in Lige, Belgium, came to America soon after their marriage, and settled in Belleville. where they reared and educated their large family of thirteen children. Only three of these are. now living. Dr. Bechtold ' s father died in 1895, and his mother twelve years earlier. He, whose life ' s history we will attempt briefly to relate, was born in Belleville, on Nov. loth, 185J. As a boy he attended the public schools of his native city, but he quit school at the age of fourteen and began working in a drug store in Belleville. In 1S70, two years later, he came to O ' Fallon and took charge of a drug store here as manager, which was quite a responsible position for a young man of his age to fill. Soon he began the study of pharmacy in Washington University, and continued his studies for two years, after which he worked one year as a drug clerk for Henry Steingoetter of Belleville, 111. Then he took a position in a St. Louis drug store, and at the same time continued his studies in pharmacy, this time in the St. Louis College of Pharmacy, from which school he was graduated in 1875. Fifty years afterwards, when that institution was celebrating its Golden Jubilee, the trustees conferred upon Dr. Bechtold, and upon the other seven surviving members of that mem- orable class of 1875, the degree of Master of Pharmacy. To this class belongs the distinction of organizing the Alumni Association of the St. Louis College of Pharmacy. There were, at first, sixteen members in the class. Mr. Bechtold continued working as a pharmacist until 1877, when he was enrolled to study medicine in the Mis- souri Medical College, and was graduated three years later. During this time he acted as assistant to Dr. O. A. Wall in the Chemistry Department of the medical school. This med- ical college is now a department of Washington University in St. Louis. Soon after the completion of his course in medicine. Dr. Bechtold returned to O ' Fallon to begin his practice, and here he has rendered service as a minister to the sick and the suffering in his community for nearly half a century. Three years after beginning his practice. Dr. Bechtold was married, on Sept. 3rd, 1883, to Miss Kate Pfeffer, the daughter of a prominent family in Lebanon, 111., who was born Mar. 4th, i860, and who lived as a faithful companion to her husband until her death on Dec. 8th, 1904. Later the doctor married Mrs. Ella Merk Bechtold, the widow of his brother, Adolph Bechtold, for the sake of whose memory, and because of a sacred sense of obligation to assume the responsibilities which death prevented his brother in ful- filling, he obeyed the mandate of the old Hebraic Law which laid upon a man the charge to care for his brother ' s widow. His son, William G. Bechtold, is now a machinist, and lives in O ' Fallon. His daughter is Mrs. Crosby, and lives in Fes- tus. Mo. Both were given the advantages of a good education in McKendree College. F.ie Hundred and Thirtv-Si In 1906, Dr. Bechtold had an opportunity to take a four months trip abroad, when he visited the many cities of England, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, and Switzerland, among them the native cities of his father and mother. Mr Bechtold has contributed greatly to the civic and educational interests of his city. For twenty-five years he served as president of the O ' Fallon Board of Education, and was, for a time, one of the trustees of McKendree College. He helped to organize the First National Bank of O ' Fallon, and has been the second vice-president of this bank for many years. When he began his practice here, he often found It necessary to go from eight to ten miles out of the city to minister to the suffering. Beginning his working car- eer with practically nothing, the doctor has been enabled, by careful business management, to accumulate some wealth. He owns city property, a very nice residence, and also some farm land. Dr. Bechtold is a thirty-second degree Knight Templar and Shriner in the Mason fraternity. LOUIS LANDAU ONE OF St. Louis successful and contented merchants is Louis Landau, a wholesale grocer, who operates a thriving business at 407-409 South Seventh St., known as the Landau Grocery Co., and who controls branch grocery stores in Belleville, 111. and in Alton. Mr. Landau resides at 5231 Washington Blvd.; here he owns a fine home, and here he spends the greater portion of his time which is not consumed with business duties. Mr. Landau ' s father came to this country in 1854, from Posen, Germany, and after six years, settled in Lebanon, 111., where he started in the general merchandise business. In 1872 he sold this business and moved to St. Louis where he established a hide and fur house, and took his son, Louis, into the business with him as a partner, incorporating under the name of Landau 6? Son. The father died in i88j, but Louis continued to manage the enterprise for a while, and then sold out to his brother, Alexander Landau, and ven- tured into the wholesale grocery business as a partner with Mr. Bodenheimer. He bought out his partner in 1897, 2nd ran the business under his own name until 1904, when he organized the Landau Grocery Co. Mr. Landau has five sons old enough to take an interest in their father ' s prosperous enterprise. The company has had an encouraging growth, so that in 1916 Mr. Landau was enabled to extend his business to nearby cities, and then he organized the Landau Grocery Branch Houses in Belleville and Alton. LOUIS LANDAU Before establishing himself m business, Mr. Landau se- cured a common school education, and entered McKendree College. But he was not permitted to complete his college education; he had to quit school and go to work. Even with this apparent handicap, he has been unusually successful. He has exercised sound judgment in his business manage- ment, and has proved himself a man of rare business acumen. Their were five children in his father ' s home, and at that time, industry, frugality, and hard work were necessary to success. Mr. Louis Landau was endowed with all these qual- ities, which have made him successful in the business world, and enabled him to accumulate a substantial fortune. He is now one of St. Louis ' senior business men, but he is still actively engaged in directing the affairs of the company, and although his sons have assumed the general management of the business, their father takes upon himself the respon- sibility for most of the buying. In 1922 Mr. Landau cele- brated his fiftieth year in business. Five years have passed since then, and it would appear that he shall continue to take an active interest jn his stores for many years to come. He enjoys two of the greatest blessings which business men of his age covet — plenty of money and good health. But above this, his greatest satisfaction is derived from his seven grand-children, of whom he is very proud. He secures much Five Hundred and ThmySei ' e IMC KENDREET zs : ..... ... - CHARLES A. NIEMEYER enjoyment from his home life, and from his happy associa- tions with his children and grandchildren. In 1914, Mr. Landau moved his business to the building on South Seventh Street, and he has continued to operate his store here up to the present time. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and of the Chamber of Commerce of St. Louis. CHARLES A. NIEMEYER SUBSTANTIAL cxpansion of his business interests places Charles A. Niemeyer in control of extensive enter- prises, and investigation into his record shows that the business policy he has followed has ever commended him to the generous support of the public and to the con- fidence of his colleagues and contemporaries. Charles A. Niemeyer was born in Lebanon, Illinois, De- cember 14, 1873, and received his elementary and high school training in his native city. In 1887 and ' 88, he attended McKendree College, and following this, his name appeared upon the roils of the St. Louis College of Pharmacy, from which he was graduated in 1893. Upon completing his formal education, Mr. Niemeyer turned his attention to the building of a business career, fully representative of his abilities and ambitions. He entered the drug business of Herman Pockels, remaining until 1897, when he branched out for himself, forming the Niemeyer Drug a Paint Company, of which he is president. In 1899, he also became president of the Vane-Calvert Paint Com- pany. In 1901, the Vane-Calvert Paint Company absorbed the Buehler-Phelan Paint Company and in 1904 they ab- sorbed the Wieder Paint Company. Mr. Niemeyer is also treasurer of the Eberson-Lindsley Paint Company, secretary of the Warner- Jenkinson Mfg. Company and a director in the First National Bank of St. Louis. On April 15, 1905, Charles Niemeyer was married to Julia A. Dieckman, a St. Louisan by birth. Mrs. Niemeyer is a graduate of Mary Institute. They now have one child- born on February 28, 191 1 — Elizabeth by name, who, at the present, is attending Mary Institute. The Niemeyer fam- ily is very fond of travelling. Their recent European tour unfolded to them the beauties and the historical scenes of England, France, Belgium, Holland, Italy, and Germany. In addition, many of their summer vacations are spent touring by motor car through various parts of the U. S. While the career of Mr. Niemeyer is pre-eminently that of a successful business man, and while he devotes the greater part of his time to the advancement of his business interests, he, nevertheless, has not neglected his associations with his fellowmen, well realizing the value of friendship, of social pleasures and of intellectual progress. As a result, he has been president of the Paint, Oil and Varnish Club, is a member of the Missouri Historical Society, the Sunset Country Club and the Missouri Pharmaceutical Society. Thus, through careful attention to business details, through hard labor, Mr. Niemeyer is now recognized as the leader of the paint and varnish business of the Middle West. DON TURNER ' HE SUBJECT of this biography, Don Turner, Jr., belongs to the third generation of one of St. Clair County ' s most prominent families. His father, the Hon. Lucius Don Turner, held, for more than forty years, a conspicuous place in the political, social and business life of Belleville, and in fact, of the whole county. The grand- father of our subject, a native of Virginia, migrated to Illi- nois in 1830. Lucius D. Turner was born on a farm near Freeburg, Oct. 5th, 1849. His education was secured in the public schools of his community, in McKendree College, Washington University, and at the University of Michigan, where he graduated from the Law School in 1873. After graduating, he located in Belleville, where he conducted his legal practice alone, until 1885, when he formed, with Judge R. D. W. Holder, a partnership which lasted until Mr. ?wt Hundrea and Thirt ' £ight Turner ' s death in 1918, on the 2qth of April. He was for many years a director of the Belleville Savings Bank, Master in Chancery, and a member of the Southern Illinois Pub- lishing Company, which directed the publication, for some time, of the News-Democrat and the Belleviller Zeitung. He rendered service to his city as an Alderman, and to the county as chairman of the Board of Supervisors, and as a member of the Liederkranz, the Kronthal-Liedertafel, the Philharmonics, and of the Methodist Church, he made a definite contribution to the social and religious life of the community. He and his good wife, Josephine Eckert Turner, reared a family of five children — Waldo, Don, Jr., Zilphia, Josephine, and Mary. The mother was born at Waterloo, Monroe County, Nov. 14th, 185 1, and was married to Mr. Turner in 1875. Her father, Leonard Eckert, was for a time the Sheriff of Monroe County. The following is a paragraph from the beautiful tribute adopted by the Belleville Civic League (of which she was a member) shortly after her death on Sept. 21, 1914: Hers was a hfe full of labor and self- denial for her family. She was scrupulously mindful of her obligations as a wife and mother, and permitted nothing to interfere with the faithful discharge of her duties as she saw them. Of such honored parents, Don Turner, Jr. was born on March i8th, 1879, in the city of Belleville. After completing the public school courses, he attended the Smith Academy, a department of Washington University, and the Law School of Columbia University, New York City, from which he was graduated in 1901. He began his law practice in East St. Louis, in an oiEce with William Forman and Judge D. M. Browning, where he remained until 1904, when he came to Belleville. Here he practiced alone for fifteen years. Li 1919 he became a member of the firm Turner and Holder, taking the place left vacant by his father ' s death. On Dec. 19th, 1904, he was married to Alice Tittman, the daughter of E. C. Tittman, a prominent attorney of St. Louis, Missouri. Two children have been born to them — Marie Josephine, on Nov. i8th, 1906; and L. Don, Jr., on March 12th, 1911. The daughter is a student in Washington University, and the Vice-President of her class. Mr. Turner helped to organize the Belleville Chamber of Commerce, and was for many years a director in this body. Through his influence, and by his efforts through legal cor- respondence, largely, an option was secured for the location of Scott Field, the government aviation ground near Belle- ville. He helped in directing the Belleville House Building Association, and is a director of the Belleville Industrial DON TURNER Loan Co., for which he acts as attorney. He has served as the secretary and treasurer of the following companies : The Belleville Gas i Electric Co., the Muskogee Electric 5? Gas Co , the Ada (Okla.) Gas and Electric Co.; and was the secretary of the Enid Gas ? Electric Co., and of the Cen- tralia Gas Company. But with all the duties required of Mr. Turner from these many positions, he found time to devote to his general law practice. He held, for two terms, the olEce of Master in Chancery, which position his honored father filled for a number of years. He is a director of the Home Building ? Loan Association of Belleville, and Vice- president and director of the Belleville Savings Bank. MALCOLM PERCEVAL ANDREWS, M. D. H GREAT DEAL OF coutage, hard work, fearlessness and perseverance have won success for Dr. Andrews, now a prosperous physician and surgeon, and specialist of the eye, ear nose and throat, of Manitowoc, Wisconsin. Dr. Andrews is an absolutely self-made man. He earned his way through every one of the many schools that he has attended, nursed his boyhood ambitions, and finally reached his goal. Dr. Andrews was born on April i, 1879, in Lebanon, lUi ' nois. He first attended the country school of DeKalb County. In the town of Lebanon, Dr. Andrews received his elemen ' tary school education. At an early age, when he needed help. Fire Hundred and rhntyHme DR- M. P. ANDREWS encouragement and care, he was stricken by the loss of his beloved parents. Left to face the world alone, penniless and heart-broken, the orphan let nothing interfere with his life plans. He immediately secured work in the shop of Mr. J. Lysakowski. Some time later, Mrs. H. F. Eicher, a kind lady, who had five children of her own, became interested in him. He was invited to accept a place in their home — an invitation which he eagerly accepted. Since that time. Dr. Andrews has been a son of Mr. and Mrs. Eicher. With money earned by doing various odd jobs. Dr. Andrews paid his way through an academic course and three years of regular collegiate work in McKendree College. At the college. Dr. Andrews ' musical talents — both vocal and instrumental — were developed under Professor Pesold. He was a member of the college orchestra, the Plato, quartette, and the city band. His greatest inspirations were received from Mac Chamberlin and Dr. Fulgham. The training in mechanics obtained from Mr. J. Lysakowski was of ines- timable value, later in doing surgery. Encouragement from the Presbyterian mothers — who were all mothers to him — and the fine example set by his older brother kept him from sacrificing his life to manual labor and ignorance. While a Junior in the college. Dr. Andrews fell a victim to typhoid fever, a disease that forced him to quit McKendree. Mrs. Eicher tenderly nursed him to health through his sickness. He still regrets that he was not able to finish in McKendree. Dr. Andrews subsequently pursued the two-year course in English of the Home Correspondence School, of Spring- field, Massachusetts. Continuing his study, he attended for two years Marion-Simms-Beaumont School of Medicine of St. Louis University. In 1905, after completing two years of study in the Medical Department of the University of Illi- nois, he received his M. D. degree. He continued his medical training by studying in Chicago, Rochester and Philadelphia. Dr. Andrews practiced medicine and surgery from 1905 to 1912 m Abbotsford, Wisconsin. Taking up specialized work, he practiced i n Beloit, Wisconsin, until the beginning of the World War. He was accepted for service, and served as Surgeon of the United States Medical Reserve Corps. After the war, in 1919, he re-located in Manitowac, Wis- consin, as a specialist, eye, ear, nose and throat surgeon. At one time he was a local surgeon of the Soo Line Railroad Company. Besides being a pioneer in the field of the use of the X-ray and radium in treatment of conditions of the head. Dr. Andrews was one of the first users and advocates of the use of Ultra-violet radiation for treatment. Dr. Andrews holds membership in many societies. He is a member of the American Academy of Opthalmology, a life member of the Rochester Surgeons ' Club, a member of the Oto-Opthalmic Society of Milwaukee, Radiological Soci ' ety of North America, American Medical Society, and the Wisconsin State Medical Society. While in college. Dr. Andrews was consistent in his studies, was graduated with high honors. Besides being skilled in surgery and medicine. Dr. Andrews shows a re- markable versatility. He is talented in music and plays prac- tically every instrument — the cornet especially — unusually well, and besides, he sings in a male quartet and in the choir. Dr. Andrews is also an athlete of no mean ability. In golf, he has won the State Championship of the Wisconsin Medi- cal Society tournament and twice the Club Championship of Beloit. In the spring of 1910, Dr. Andrews was united in marriage with Miss Mabel Belle Downey, a lady of keen business ability. Their son, Edson James, who is now attending the academy in Mercersburg, is following in his father ' s foot- steps to a remarkable degree. He, too, has a love for surgery. Edson also has talent in music. The brother of Dr. Andrews, Charles Page, now at Holt, Michigan, is a minister of the Presbyterian Church. His bio- graphical sketch also appears in this history. Five Hundred and Forty MC KENDREE Summing up the life of Dr. Andrews, it may he said that he succeeded m ahnost anything that he took up. He did not know the meaning of defeat — he never accepted it. With his magnetic personaHty, love for work and study, and am- bition, he paved his way to success. FRANK DOYLE QANY OF Ohio ' s native sons have come to Illinois, and afterwards have developed into leaders with re- markable ability in the business and political life of their adopted state. Mayor Doyle of East St. Louis has en- joyed such an experience. Both parents, Maurice and Anna Doyle, came to this country from Ireland. His father was once a foreman for the Gravison Store Company, of Cincinnati, the city in which Frank Doyle was born on August 25th, 1876. Orphaned in early childhood, he was placed in the St. Joseph ' s Orphanage, at Cumminsville, Ohio, where he remained until he was thirteen, when he was taken into a farmer ' s home, at Morning View, Ky., as a member of the family. Here he lived and assisted with the farm duties until he was nineteen, when he went to Chicago, and secured employment with the Swift Packing Company, continued with this firm, m Chicago for nine years, steadily advancing to higher positions, and in 1904 was sent to the Swift Plant m East St. Louis, as one of the Division Superintendents. This position he held until 191 3, when he severed his connection with the company, and established a business for himself — The East St. Louis Home Ice Cream ? Ice Company, at Twentieth and Ridge Streets, of which company he is still president. In the meantime, Mr. Doyle had married, on Nov. 14th, 1907, Miss Myrtle Meyers, of East St. Louis, the daughter of John Meyers and Anna Meyers. Mrs. Doyle was born on February 19, 1886, and educated at Boonville, Ind. Frank and Myrtle Doyle have one daughter, Mildred, born on Dec. if, 1910. Mr. Doyle is very fond of his family and, in spite of his many business and political activities, never neglects his home life. On the 5th of April, 1927, Mr. Frank Doyle was elected Mayor of East St. Louis. This was his first venture into poli- tics; his interests, previous to this time, had been primarily in business, to which he had devoted most of his time and talents. He has been, for some time, a director of the Arctic Ice Cream Company of St. Louis, of the Granite City Ice Cream Company, in Granite City, of the Beck-Doyle Extract Company of East St. Louis, and of the Coca Cola Bottling Company of St. Louis. In addition to these, he has interests in other business enterprises. Frank Doyle ' s hobby is sports. He enjoys watching athletic contests of various sorts. FRANK DOYLE Mayor ot East St. Louis Mr. Doyle was trained in the Catholic fiiith, and has re- mained a member of the Catholic Church. He belongs to that rather small group of rare individuals, who have overcome the many handicaps and surmounted the stubborn obstacles of early life, and by persistent struggle and determination, have made for themselves remarkable and successful careers. From an obscure orphanage to the Mayoralty of a great industrial city, via the packing house route, is an achievement of which few can boast. It is a hard, rough road over which Mayor Doyle has traveled. Now that he has been honored with the highest oflSce which his city can confer upon any of its sub- jects, with four years ahead of him in which to render service to that city, he takes his obligations seriously, and desires to fulfill conscientiously the duties of his oiEce. In his own words, he is in love with his city and aims to serve. HON. WILLIAM N. BALTZ When a man can run for public office twenty-two times and can win eighteen such elections, as did Hon. William N. Baltz, it undoubtedly proves that the people have utmost confidence and trust in him. Only his efficiency and honesty while an official could have rewarded him with success, time and time again. Hon. Baltz, who was born on February 5, i86o m Millstadt, Illinois, was a son of Philip and Henrietta Fire Hundred and Fort -Oii . : WILLIAM N. BALTZ Baltz. He received an education in the schools of his home city. His love for farming induced his father to purchase the Glass farm, on which William began his career as a farmer. By virtue of hard and consistent work, and an increase of his knowledge of the science of agriculture by close obser- vation, he brought the farm to a remarkable state of culti- vation, surpassed by none in the county. He was married on August 2, 1883, to Katherine Diesel, of Millstadt, who was born on August 23, 1861. This couple were blessed with seven children, two of whom are now dead. The living are: William R., married to Ohria Feurrhan; Frieda, married to Edward Seib; Russel, married to Ida Mueller; Ottillia M; and Eugenie. Hon. Baltz has a fine record as a public official. He has been on the board of education for many years, and is at present the president, an office that he has held for five years. His first position for the city was that of constable. He did his duty well, and literally cleaned out the rougher and unnecessary element for his community. He has been the supervisor of the township for sixteen years, and was chairman of the board of supervisors for three years. Dur- ing the same time he has been chairman of the county board. Hon. Baltz is now serving his third term as mayor of Millstadt. The efficiency and honesty of his administra- tions have placed him on a high pedestal in the eyes of the people of his city. In 191 2, Hon. Baltz reached one of the highest levels in his rise. He became the Democratic candidate for Congress to represent the Twenty-second District of Illinois in the Sixty-third Congress at the national capital. He was elected by a huge majority, and was soon exercising his ability as a debater and a forceful speaker. He won recognition by ex- pressing his views on a tariff bill, taking an active part in the discussion with much older and more experienced politi- cians. Held in high esteem by his colleagues in Congress, he enjoyed unlimited popularity. Hon. Baltz has rendered invaluable service to his county m many ways. Some years ago, his unrelentless drive against officials who took advantage of the treasury resulted in the replacement of a sum of $25,000.00. As supervisor, he per- formed a great service for the tax-payers of St. Clair County. When Hon. Baltz was the president of the Commercial Club, he contributed considerably to the building of a hard road through his town. In business, he is the superintendent and secretary and treasurer of the Millstadt Milling Com- pany; as a farmer, he cultivates a two-hundred acre piece of land; and as a citizen, he is loved by all of Millstadt ' s citi zenry, who greatly appreciate his noble work for them. GEORGE WIRTH, SR. Y Y SHEER industry, intelHgence and business ability, U Mr. George Wirth, Sr. has risen to the high position which he now holds, president and general manager of the Auto Stove Works, a great manufacturing concern located at New Athens, 111. This plant has a national rep- utation, manufactures a fine quality of stoves and ranges, and ships its products to all parts of the United States. It was established in T906, and is directed by practically the same stockholders who originally became interested in the factory. In 1908 Mr. Wirth was made its manager, and two years later, upon his agreement to devote his full time to this business, he was chosen its secretary fe? treasurer and its general manager, and held this office until 1925, when he was advanced to the position which he now holds. Under his wise management the company has met with success, the business has been kept up-to-date, and wide-awake im- provements and new methods in the manufacturing of stoves have been introduced. Over two hundred people are em- ployed in the plant. Mr. Wirth comes of good German ancestry; both of his parents were born m Bavaria, came to this land when they Fne Hundred and Forty-Two MC KENDREE were quite young, and finally settled at a place known as Dutch Hill, in St. Clair County. Here George was born on the I ' jth of July, 1867. Two other children were also born into the home. George attended school until he was fifteen, and then went to Lenzburg, where he learned the harness making business, worked here for four years, and went to St. Louis, working in the same business for five years more. In 1891 he went to New Athens, established a harness manufacturing business and operated the same until 191 1, when he sold out the business in order to give his entire time to the Auto Stove Works. Mr. George Wirth is married and has three children — two boys and one girl. Mrs. Wirth is the daughter of Adam Metzler and Mary Perchbacher, to whom were born three other children besides Louisa ( Mrs. Wirth). The oldest child of Mr. and Mrs. George Wirth is George Wirth, Jr., and was born December ist, i8qi. He is the third Wirth m the direct line of descent to bear the name of George, since his grandfather was also called George Wirth. A sketch of George Wirth, Jr. will be found on another page of this county history. Minnie, the second child of George Wirth, Sr., IS now the wife of Edward Schmelzel; she was born on April 3rd, 1895. Edgar O., the youngest child, was born on the 8th day of June, 190 ' i. George Wirth, Sr. was eighteen years of age when he lost his father by death in iSSf, on the loth of July. But long ere this time he had learned to work hard and to apply himself diHgently to whatever task his hands found to do. Starting out as a young man with practically nothing, he has not only risen to a place of prominence in the industrial life of his county, but he has acquired some property, and is now able to enjoy the comforts of life to which his con- stant labors through many years now entitle him. He owns a fine residence in New Athens. In many ways he has shown an interest in his community in its religious and commer- cial life. He is a member of the Evangelical Church and for ten years has been a past elder in this denomination. He IS interested in the State Bank of his city, of which he is the vice-president, and was one of the organizers of the local Mechanics Building and Loan Association in 1904, has been a director in this association ever since it was organized, and the secretary of the same for five years. During the years 1903 and 1904, he held the o ce of pres- ident of the Town Board in New Athens. Mr. Wirth is an Odd Fellow and votes the Republican ticket. GEORGE WIRTH, SR, HERMAN E, SPITZNASS, JR. The life history of the subject of this sketch centers around the farm where he still lives. His life, which he has spent so quietly, was not marked with anything sensational or bois- terous, but with hard, conscientious work that has made him a credit to the community. He was born on a farm near Belleville, on March 5, 1914, a son of Herman Spitznass, a native of Germany, who came to this country when only eleven years of age, grew into manhood, married Rachel Funk, by whom there was one child. At the death of this lady he married her sister, Mary, by which union there were nine children, one of whom is the subject of this sketch. Mr. Spitznass received his education in the public schools. After graduation he took up employment with his hither, and worked for him until his retirement m 1916, when the farm was placed under the supervision of him and his two brothers, Theodore and Ervin. Ervm served in the army and died while in Camp Custer, on Oct. 5, 1918. In 1924 the two brothers bought the farm, which covers some two hundred and four acres, and have been raising crops on it ever since. Mr. Spitznass was married to Minnie K. Stolle, on March 5, 1914. She has proven herself to be a fine companion of her husband, always giving encouragement, and helping him in ' Hundred and Ff rt -Tliree ARTHUR EIDMAN time of need. This couple have made a specialty of dairying. For the past twenty-four years they have delivered dairy products in Belleville, and since 1920 their business has grown to such an extent that they began to sell their prod- ucts wholesale only. The hobby of the subject of this sketch is work. His hands are always occupied with some portion of his business. He is a popular man, holding the respect and friendship of all who know him. ARTHUR EIDMAN BEW MEN in Belleville have so many things to do, so many things to take care of, as has Arthur Eidman, a man whose recreation is truly work. He was born on July 14, 1880, in Belleville. After graduating from Belleville High, he studied in the Bryant and Stratton Commercial Col- lege, of St. Louis. Upon graduation, he worked in the employ- ment of his father, and spent five years as a travelling sales- man. In 1903, Mr. Eidman was employed as head bookkeeper and assistant-teller of the Belleville Savings Bank. He was made assistant-cashier in 191 j. His banking ability prompted him to resign in 1919, in order to organize the St. Clair Nat ' l Bank, in which he now holds the position of cashier and the office of director. Mr. Eidman is a member, and the past vice-president, of the Chamber of Commerce. He was a commander of the Knight Templars, is the present president of the Community Service, on the executive board of the Boy Scouts. He served on the Belleville school board, as president, from 1923 to 1926. The subject of this sketch is president of the Travellers ' Protective Association. To him must be given the credit for the organization of the Rotary Club in his city. At that time he was elected secretary, but his ability to lead placed him in the presidency five years later. He takes an active interest in the Elks, an organization of which he is a member. In the Masonic Order he has had practically everything in both the Scottish and York Rite, and is also a Shriner. During the World War he did his full share. As a four-minute man he gave burning, patriotic speeches that inspired. He took part in practically every Liberty Bond drive, and he was chair- man of several. When yet a young man, Mr. Eidman felt the somewhat depressing spirits of bachelorhood. Therefore, after a beau- tiful courtship, he was united in marriage on Jan. 30, 190 ;, with Artie Berry Orear, of Kansas City, Mo. The couple have two children. These are: Mary Ann, born on July 19, 1908, who is now a Junior in the University of Illinois; and Arthur Orear, born on February 2, 191 3, a splendid young fellow who is a chip off the old block. In the past years of his life, Mr. Eidman has travelled many miles, both for business and recreational purposes. These trips have been responsible for his broad-minded view of life. As a banker, he is known to be a square-shooter, always straight- forward and honest in his business dealings, courteous, and ever willing to oblige without asking anything in return. During McKendree College ' s drive for funds, Mr. Eidman was chairman of the Belleville district. Although he has achieved success from a financial stand-point, this has been extended to everything that he ever cared to take a hand in. There are few citizens in Belleville who have contributed more to her success than Arthur Eidman. CHAS. C. AHRENS In the historic town of Lebanon, 111., the present sheriff of St. Clair County, Chas. C. Ahrens, was born on the 9th of December, 1875. He was but eleven years of age when his father died at O ' Fallon, to which city the family had moved in 1882. He quit school at the age of fourteen to begin work in the mines. Shortly before this time he worked Five Hundred and Forty-Four for a while on the form of S. C. Smiley, near O ' Fallon. Many years were spent in the mines ,ind here he gained a thorough knowledge of the coal industry, and gradually worked his way up to a better position, hi 1916 Governor Deneen ap- pointed him State Humane Officer, with his station on the Eads Bridge, in E. St. Louis. This office he held for four years, and then went ha ck into the mines for a time. In igio he was m.ide deputy sheriff under Ed. Petri, and was reap- pointed to this office when Mr. Schnipper became sheriff, and served m this capacity until 1926, when he was elected, by a large majority, sheriff of the county. Mr. Ahrens is the father of three children. His wife, Victoria (Russell) Ahrens, was an O ' Fallon lady, born on Feb. 17, 1876, at Arcadia, Mo., and was married to Mr. Ahrens on Nov. 28, when she was twenty years old. Vir- ginia M., their oldest, died at the age of twenty-one. She was then the wife of Ernest Bernhardt. Their older son, Maurice R., IS a college graduate and has his home in Denver, Colo- rado, where he is employed as a salesman. Floyd C. is their younger son; he is now attending the Belleville Township High School. Mr. Ahrens has rendered much service to O ' Fallon. He has served for three terms as city treasurer, and as alderman for two terms; he was the secretary of the township high school board for four years, and of the city school board for an equal period; and for two years he was tax collector m O ' Fallon Township. The miners union selected him for their secretary and treasurer, which office he held for four years. For two years he was the secretary of the Masonic Lodge m O ' Fallon. He is a Shriner in this lodge, and belongs also to the Eagles and to the Redman Lodge. FREDERICK E. MERRILLS B REDBRICK E. Merrills, one of Belleville ' s successful attorneys, was born in this same city on January 14, 1889, a son of Fred B. and Virginia Badgley Merrills. Frederick has two brothers, Marshall C. and Wayne, and one sister, Virginia. One of the early ancestors of this family was John Merrills, who came to America from England in 1640 and settled first m Newport, Massachusetts, and later in New Town, Connecticut. After the Revolutionary War the Merrills family came to St. Clair County, and here Sylvester Merrills was made county superintendent of schools — one of the very first in this section of the state. FREDERICK E. MERRILLS The subject of this sketch, after attending the grade and the high school in Belleville, studied in a private academy m St. Louis and was graduated in 1907. Four years later he received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Harvard University, and in 191 2, a Master ' s Degree from the University ot Illi- nois. Since 191 3, the year he was admitted to the bar, Mr. Merrills has been practicing law. On August 14, 191 , he was married to Mary E. Turner, a native of Belleville. Mrs. Merrills was born on January 9, 1890, was graduated from the local public schools, and, in 1909, from Mary Institute, of St. Louis. Mr. and Mrs. Mer- rills have two children — Mary J., born on April 6, 1917, and Virginia T., born on February 10, 1920. Mr. Merrills is an Elk, and a Knight Templar in the Masonic Order. He is also a member of the Optimist Club, the University Club, the Harvard Club, and the St. Clair Country Club, having been president of the latter in 1924. He furthermore takes an active interest m the educational activities of his community, being at present the secretary of the board of education ot the township high school. Five Hundred and Forty-Five -CSI g S SOHE FA( I7 1 has beer GEORGE C. LINDEMANN GEORGE C. LINDEMANN  .CT that George Christian Lindemann, been the president of the Dupo State Savings Bank for the past fifteen years easily proves that he is the acme of efficiency and honesty. The people of this city have had much confidence in his integrity in the past, and will undoubtedly continue to hold him in high esteem in years to come. Mr. Lindemann was ushered into the world on March 10, 1877. He was born in Dupo, Sugar Loaf County, and was the son of Conrad and Catherine Lindemann — parents who carefully moulded his character. The elementary school training of this sketch was acquired in the grade school of Columbia, Illinois; a few years later he attended the Perkins and Herpel College, situated in the city of St. Louis. For the next twelve years, after his school work was completed, he did office work. In 1905 he came to Dupo and started in the real estate and insurance business, in which he is still interested. In the winter of 1906, December 6, Mr. Lindemann was united in the holy bonds of matrimony with Laura M. Dyroff. She was born on February 20, 1884, in the Sugar Loaf Town- ship. This lady, who was a daughter of Louis Dyroff, is a splendid woman who has won the respect and admiration of not only her husband but of all who know her. It was in 191 5 that Mr Lindemann organized the Dupo State Savings Bank, capitalized at $25,000.00. He was imme- diately made president of the institution, and has held this office ever since. His business activities are not limited to banking only, for his abilities have been recognized to such an extent that he has been appointed the treasurer and a director of the Dupo Building and Loan Association, an organization that has made possible the building of many homes by the people of Dupo. He laid out the Lindemann first sub ' division of one hundred and thirteen acres, which was part of the old homestead, and on which Dupo ' s prin- cipal business houses now stand. For three years he has also been engaged as levee commissioner. Along educational lines Mr. Lindemann has rendered invaluable service to his com- munity. He has acted in the capacity of school treasurer for five districts for a period of years extending from 191 4. He has also held the same office over the Dupo Community High School. Although he is occupied with his regular work during the greater part of his time, the subject of this sketch takes an interest in the social side of life. He is a Shriner in the Masonic Order, an Odd Fellow, and a member of the Order of the Eastern Star. Mr. Lindemann has travelled many miles in his lifetime, chiefly for recreation. This travelling has helped him materially and intellectually in many ways. His best loved outdoor sport is golf, at which he plays games with a low score. He also finds much pleasure in hunting and fishing. Mr. Lindemann ' s life has certainly exhibited the qualities of a sturdy, vibrating manhood, which is cer- tainly the result of the careful training on the part of his parents, and his own personal ambitions. ANHEUSER AND RUTH HN IDEAL partnership is that of John L. Anheuser and R. R. Ruth, who are dealers for the Chevrolet, Pontiac, and Oakland cars, and who conduct a busi- ness in automobile supplies. Both were born in Summerfield, 111., and both, after attending the public school in their home town, took a course in the Rehe Mechanical School of Kansas City, Mo. Afterwards both worked for Oliver C. Joseph, an automobile dealer in O ' Fallon. Mr. J. L. Anheuser was born December 19th, 1899, a ' ' l secured a high school education before entering the Rehe School. From the age of sixteen he has been greatly inter- ested in the automobile industry, and is surely one of the best informed men on this business in this section of the county. His marriage to Miss Lorene A. Daniel was solem- nized September 14th, 1921, and one girl, Dorris M., was Five Hundred and FortyS x born to them on M.irch 26th, 1924. Mr. Anheuser has been quite .1 successful business man for one of his age. He has been elected president of the O ' Fallon Business Men ' s Asso- ciation, belongs to the K. of C, and is a member of the local Rotary Club. Mr. Ruth was born on the first day of February, iSSS. In iQiq he began a battery manufacturing business under the name of the Rainbow Manufacturing Co., at 1422 Pine Street. St. Louis, but sold this business in 192},, and came to O ' Fallon to devote all of his time to the enterprise he had organized with Mr. Anheuser m 1919. He was married to Louisa M. Daggit on March loth, 191 1. and is now the father of two children — Dorris K. and Virginia R. Besides his interests in the auto business, Mr. Ruth also has interests in the Quality Dairy Products Co., of his city. He is a mem- ber of the Methodist Church, a Mason, and a member of the local Business Men ' s Association. Hunting is his hobby. Messrs. Anheuser and Ruth are doing a large business m O ' Fallon and m adjoining territory. They do all kinds of auto repair work m one of the most modernly equipped garages. OLIVER C. JOSEPH IN Belleville and its neighboring towns may often be seen the name of Oliver C. Joseph on the rear of a passing Dodge. Mr. Joseph secured this agency, m St. Clair County, for the Dodge Bros, motor cars in 191=;, and so successful has been his management of this agency that hiS sales now amount to more than a half million dollars a year. His offices and sales rooms are located at 220-226 West Main St., Belleville, III., and are considered among the best and most up-to-date in the county. His place of business, with a frontage of no feet, gives ample space for displaying his cars, and enables him to have a very attractive show room. Before going into the automobile business Mr. Joseph was a school teacher for six years, but during most ot this time he was interested in autos and sold a number ot them. He is a native of St. Clair County, was born near O ' Fallon, on Sept. 2, 1890, and received his public school education in the O ' Fal- lon schools, graduating from the high school. He later entered the University of Illinois where he studied for a while, and also was a student m McKendree College. The first two years ot his teaching career were spent in a rural school ot the coun- ty, and the remaining four years he was the principal of the Summerfield schools. Mr. Joseph has been married since June 10, 1914. His wife, formerly Miss Irma M. Seger, is the daughter of Fred and Mary Seger. The latter died during the past year (1926). Into OLIVER C JOSEPH the home ot Mr. and Mrs. Joseph have come two children — Elmo L., born on April 10, 1916, and Norma F., born on May 5, 1921. Three years after becoming an auto dealer, Mr. Joseph found his building in O ' Fallon inadequate for his growing business, so he had his garage enlarged and brought up-to- date. This was in 1918. A year before this time he had opened an office and sales room in Belleville, and in 1926 he bought the property where his large show rooms are now located, on Main Street. Not all of Mr. Joseph ' s time is taken up with his business; he has time for recreation, and particularly for hunting, which 15 his preferred diversion. For his vacation he goes to the Rocky Mountains, m Wyoming and Idaho, where he enjoys the hunting and fishing opportunities offered by these regions. Recently he procured one hundred acres of land north of O ' Fallon, and he proposes to make this one of the most de- lightful places for hunting and fishing in the county. A lake, two and a half acres in area, is to be stocked with several species of game fish, and many kinds of wild game are to be in- troduced upon this tract, such as pheasants, quails, foxes, etc. In fraternal organizations, Mr. Joseph is prominent; he is a Mason, a Shnnerand a Knight Templarof this order; an Elk, and a member of the Optimist Club. He is also a member of the National Automobile Dealers ' Association of America. Five Hundred and Fom-Seven JOHN F. ADELSBERGER ON THE FIRST of Fehrmry, 1927. Mr. John F. Adels- berger, of Dupo, 111., celebrated his seventieth birth- day. At this age he is still an active business man, operating as a dealer of coal, sand, and macadam. He came to St. Clair Ck)unty in 1880, from Tennessee, where he was born at Como, Weekly County, on February i, 1857 — the son of Joseph Theodore Adelsberger and Marguerite Hick- man. His father was a native of the state of Maryland, born at Emmetsburg on April 10, 1822. Joseph Adelsberger was well educated for one of his day, and followed school teach ' ing for a while, and then took up farming, first in Weekly County, Tenn., and afterwards in Franklin County, to which he had moved in 1864. In 1880 he retired, moved to Florida, and remained here until his death, which occurred on November 2, 1906. Mrs. Adelsberger died over forty years before this time — on January i, 1865. There were born to them three sons and one daughter, one of whom, John F., the date of whose birth was given above, is the subject of this biography. He was given a good educa ' tion in the public schools, and afterwards at Ewing College, in Jefferson County, 111. Upon leaving college he secured em- ployment with Dr. Ray, who was engaged in the drug busi- ness, and who was the owner of a farm. It was his duty to collect for the doctor and manage the farm; this he did for two years. His next position was that of superintendent of a saw mill at Dresden. Tenn., a position which he held for six months, until 1880, when he moved to St. Clair County and began farming on rented land. Soon afterwards he bought a small farm which he ran for some years, and sold in 1910, the year he received the appointment as postmaster of Dupo. He served in this capacity for four years and then went into business as a dealer in sand, coal, and macadam. It was on the 14th day of July, 1889, that he married Mane M. Jung, and their two daughters have long since grown to womanhood and married. Ida was born on July 2, 1891, and is now the wife of Wm. Broberg, of Chicago, and Mabel, who is married to John Fitzsimmons, of Dupo, was born on November 18, 1892. Many years ago Mr. Adelsberger anticipated a great future for Dupo, and built for himself a good home there, and in addi- tion bought much other property, and began dealing rather extensively in real estate. He has ever been interested in the welfare of his town; the record of his service to it makes this evident. He was four years its mayor — 1921 to 1925; has been a member of the school board from the time he first came to this county; served as the first president of the first board of education in Dupo; was the president of Sugar Loaf Town- ship in 1916; has been Dupo ' s justice of the peace and its town clerk ; was one of the organizers of the Dupo State Bank and of the Building and Loan Association, in which latter organiza- tion he has always been one of the directors and served as chairman of its committee; was active in securing the first post office for Dupo; and has done much to promote the edu- cational interests in his locality, lending his influence to help secure the new school building for his city. But his activities have not been confined within the limits of his own city; he held the office of supervisor of St. Clair County from 1888 to 1912 and was elected to that of highway commissioner in 1918. At present he is one of the school trustees for his township. Nor do his activities end here. Mr. Adelsberger learned the construction business many years ago under W. B. Quily, under whose direction he worked as foreman for a long time. He constructed the first levee for the Prairie Dupont Levee fe? Drainage District, a district comprising about 1,600 acres lying one half in Sugar Loaf Township and the other half in Monroe County. Mr. Adelsberger has had some experience as a railroad building contractor, and has superintended con- struction work in the Missouri yards for five years. A more varied and more active career could hardly be found. His fraternal associations are with the Odd Fellows. JOHN. M. MITCHELL, D. F. VoHN MiNTON Mitchell has been identified with the I business life of Mount Carmel for over forty years, first as a merchant and later as a banker. He is now president of the American National Bank of that city. He has for many years been one of the leading laymen in the Methodist Epis ' copal Church, having been prominently identified with the work of the church, not merely in his home city, but through- out the Southern Illinois Conference. Three generations of the Mitchell family have lived in Southern Illinois, the resi- dence of the family having been continuous since the admis- sion of the state of Illinois into the union. His grandfather, Sion F. Mitchell, was of Scotch-Irish ancestry. His forefathers, on coming from England, first set- tled in Connecticut, later went to North Carolina, and finally to Tennessee. He left Tennessee in 1818 and came to Illinois, settling in Franklin County. He was accompanied on that migration by Braxton Parrish. Jesse G. Mitchell, son of Sion F. and father of John M., was born in Franklin County in 1835, and spent his entire life there. At his wedding he gave the minister who performed the ceremony the only dollar he possessed. He was a school teacher before that time, later a farmer, and subsequently conducted a general store at Locust Grove, where he was a dealer in grain and tobacco, and for Fv.e Hundred and Forty-Eight many years postmaster of the community. He proved his native ability by achieving a successful business c.ireer, and was at the same time a natural leader of men. He was married to Asenath E. Marvel, who was born in Posey County, Indiana, m 1837. She was a daughter of George R. Marvel, who served with the rank of colonel of the Forty-eighth Illi- nois Cavalry, during the Civil War. Mr. Mitchell was op- timistic, generous, and good-natured. He was a local preacher m the Methodist Church and at all times exercised an influ- ence for good. In 1880 he sold his farm and other business interests and moved to Benton, where he spent the remainder ot his lite, and died m 1894, at the age ot titty-nine. John M. Mitchell, one of the five children of Jesse C, was born on a farm in Franklin County, July 16, 1862. After com- pleting a high school education, he attended the Southern Normal University, at Carbondale, and m 1882 graduated from the Central Normal College, at Danville, Indiana. His experience outside of school had been acquired on his father ' s farm and m the store at Locust Grove and at Benton. Mr. Mitchell first engaged m business for himself m i88j, at Mt. Carmel. For some years he conducted a dry goods and cloth- ing store, but m 1894 he sold his mercantile business and became a banker. He became president of the Wabash Savings Bank, of Mt. Carmel, and then of its successor, the American State Bank. In 1901 this became the American National Bank, of which he has been president for more than a quarter of a century. Other business enterprises have naturally attracted some ot his time and attention, and he has been the moving spirit of much constructive work in Mt. Carmel and vicinity. In politics he is a Republican. Fraternally he is a Mason, a Knight Templar, and a Shriner; a member of the Odd Fellows, the Elks, the Moose, and the Woodmen. In religion he is a Methodist. His influence in Methodism has not been confined to his own church or conference. Besides being superintend- ent of the Sunday School in his home church for more than thirty years, he served for eight years on the board of the World ' s Sunday School Association. He has also been a mem- ber of the Board of Control of the Epworth League, and for eight years he was on the Methodist Board of Foreign Mis- sions. He IS a member of the General Conference of 1928, which is the sixth time he has been a lay delegate to that great ecclesiastical body. He has been for more than a quarter of a century a member of the board of trustees of McKendree College, and for eight years was president of that body. He has been for many years treasurer of the college endowment fund, and in this responsible position is the custodian of sev- eral hundred thousand dollars. In recognition of his eminent J, M, MITCHELL service to the institution, McKendree College conferred upon him, in the Centennial year, the degree of Doctor of Finance. On June i, 1886, he was married to Miss Delia Russell, of Mt. Carmel. She is a daughter of Charles R. and Frances Russell. Her grandfather, Abraham Russell, was a pioneer of Mt. Carmel, where he settled m 1817. The three daughters of Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell are Grace, an instructor m the Christian College, at Columbia, Missouri, Frances, who is now Mrs. E. E. Fearheiley, of Mt. Vernon, and Elinor, wife of Loren C. Hill, of Mt. Carmel. 03CAR HAGIST H MERCANTILE establishment so well-known to the people of Mascoutah Township is the Hagist General Merchandise Store m Mascoutah. It is one of the largest of its kind in the county, and one of the most complete retail stores in this section of the state. This business was established in i860 by E. F. Hagist, the grandfather of Oscar Hagist, whose life history we propose to set forth briefly in this article. The former was born in Baden, Germany, in 1828, and grew to manhood and received his education m his native land. At the age of twenty-three he left Germany to try his fortune in a strange land, landed here in 185 1, and settled on a farm near Belleville. A year later he bought some excellent farm land about one mile west of Mascoutah, and here he . : s V4flt ' ' ' ' i THE FAMILY OF PETER WAELTZ lived and farmed for several years, until i860, when he moved into Mascoutah, and began his long career as a merchant by opening a general merchandise store. He had married, in iS-Tj, Elizabeth Frey, and one son (E. R. Hagist) and one daughter (later, Mrs. Minnie Sauter) were born to them. E. R. Hagist, the father of Oscar Hagist, was born on the old home farm, August 17, 1857, an ' i was given the best education which the schools of the community then offered. His schooling com- pleted, he was taken into his father ' s store as a clerk, and performed his duties so faithfully, and took such an active interest in the business, that in 1880 the father made him a partner in the store, and changed the firm name to that of Hagist and Son. When the father died in 1906, E. R. Hagist became the owner of the store which had grown into a flourishing enterprise. In the same year that he became a partner with his father he was married to Miss Mary Richter, the daughter of a retired farmer who was then living in Mas- coutah. By her he had five children, of whom our subject is the oldest. The names of the other children are: Alma, Ar- thur, Herman, and Theodore. Oscar Hagist was born in Mascoutah, on Jan. 25, 1882. He attended the schools in Mascoutah until he had finished the high school, and then went into the store as did his other three brothers. After working for a time, he was made a partner with his father, and has continued in this relation until the present time. On Sept. 20, 1906, Mr. Hagist married Edna M. Rayhill, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Rayhili, whose biographies are recorded in this volume. The father is a retired farmer, and both he and his good wife are living in Mascoufcih, two of the city ' s senior and most re- spected residents. Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Hagist have had two sons. The elder, Rayhill O., was born June 20, 1910; the younger, E. Richard (Dick) on May 16, 1916. Mr. Hagist is one of the most alert business men in St. Clair County, and has served his community well in many capacities. Besides the large store which he helps to manage, he has many other businesses, as well as social interests. He is the vice-president of the First National Bank of Mascoutah; treasurer of the local Building and Loan Association; owner of the Hagist Produce Commission House, located on 209 North Fifth St., E. St. Louis; president of the Mascoutah Brick Company, which company he himself organized ; secre ' tary of the Mutual Creamery Company; a director of the Midland Rubber Goods Company, and one who assisted in the organization of this company; and holds an interest in a Mascoutah coal mine. To meet all the responsibilities con- nected with these offices requires a business knowledge, and a skill in managing men and affairs, which few possess. Mr. Hagist is a hard worker, as well as a good business manager. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and has, for ten years, been honored with the highest position his city has to give — the mayor of Mascoutah. LOUIS H. WAELTZ T GUIS H. Waeltz was born on the old .Waeltz farm I (which was bought by his grandfather in 1864) near Marissa, September 27, 1886. Peter Waeltz, the father of Louis, was born on Dutch Hill, Jan. 12, i86o. After attend- ing the public schools, he worked for his father until i88j, when he started independent farming, renting some of his father ' s 200 acres of land. Upon the death of his father in 1890, he took over the management of the entire farm. He married, in 1883, Anna M. K. Wibbing; the latter was born at Centralia, 111. on Sept. 3, 1865. To Peter and Mrs. Waeltz were born seven children, on the following dates: Louis H., mentioned at the beginning of this sketch; Minnie C, April i, 1889, now the wife of Peter Schmierbauch; Bertha M., March i, 1891, married to George Browning; Anna C, March 2, 1893, now Mrs. William Schmierbauch; Dorothea M., Feb. 13, 1896, the Flic Hundred and Fifty wife of Arthur Schmierhauch; Clara W. (Miss), August i, 1898; Emma D., Oct. i, 1903, who is married to Earl Schm zing. After securing a public school education, Louis Waeltz remained on the farm helping his father until the retirement of the latter m 1921. Then he rented the two hundred acres from his father, and later rented other land besides, until now he cultivates more land thar any other farmer m the township. He is married and is the father of five children. Mrs. Waeltz was Caroline K. Grommet, the daughter of Henry J. and Sophia Grommet, and was born at Smithton, 111. on June 3, 1886, and was married to Mr. Waeltz on May 24, 1908. Lillian A. S., the oldest child of Louis and Mrs. Waeltz, was born July 15, 1909; May C. E. was born the i6th of May, 191 1 ; Albert P. H., on Nov. 3, 1913; Clifford W., on Oct. I, 1914; and the youngest, Loretta D., on June 17, 1919. Mr. Waeltz raises a great many chickens and fine hogs. He owns a threshing machine and operates this himself. He has always been an industrious farmer, and is well-respected in his community. In 1914 he was elected clerk of the school board of District No. 44, and has kept this position since that time. EDWARD W. PFINGSTEN ' HE OCCUPATION of the subject was farming, until ig24, when he retired. But tanning was not the only thing that this gentleman ever did, for his energy, honesty, and integrity have associated him with many other activities in several cities in southwestern Illinois. Mr. Pfingsten was a son of Henry and Wilhelmina Liena ' mann Pfingsten, and was horn on May 8, 1868, m Stookey Township, St. Clair County, Illinois. He attended the public and religious evangelical schools, and, at the age of fourteen, began his work on the farm. In 1894 Mr. Pfingsten began tarmmg for himself . Just six weeks later, on September q, he was united m the holy bonds of matrimony with Miss Emma L. Burg. The happy couple are parents of five children — two sons and three daughters. The sons are George A. and Arthur H.; and the daughters are Viola F., Ida E., and Florence L. In church activities Mr. Pfingsten is a member and trus- tee of the Concordia Evangelical Church. He is also a mem- ber of the Bluff Grange Society. In business lines the prominence of Mr. Pfingsten is ex- celled by few around his section. He is a director of the THE EDWARD W, ITINCSTHN FAXfiLV five Hundred and FijtyO- frMC KENDREE- rs p..... ,. - First National Bank, of Millstadt, Illinois. For twenty-two years he has been a director of the Millstadt Telephone Com- pany, and for three years president of this same company. He is also a stockholder in the Harrison Machine Works, of Belleville. For the past thirty-two years he has been a member of the school board, and a member of the high school board for five years. Since 191 j Mr. Pfingsten has held membership in the county board of supervisors of Stookey Township. The present residence of Mr. Pfingsten, who has, indeed, led a life full of variety — from an ordinary, everyday farmer to the above mentioned activities — is Stookey Township, but his P. O. address is Centerville Station, 111. PARIS CLEANING ? DYEING CO. HE EFFICIENT MANAGER of the above firm, in Belleville, is Frank Sadorf, a native of Austria, born on Sept. 25, 1874. He secured his formal education in Austria, left school with one year of high school training, and began to learn the dyeing and cleaning business, working in four different countries of Europe before coming to Amer- ica in December, 1902. He brought with him his wife, Anna Leber Sadorf, to whom he had been married shortly before, on Oct. 30, 1902. For several years he worked at his trade in St. Louis, and in 1905 opened, in Belleville, the business which he is still running. To him and Mrs. Sadorf have been born three children — two sons and one daughter. Frank N. Sadorf was born on April 6, 1904; Matt Sadorf, on Dec. II, 1906; and the daughter, Anna K. (now Mrs. Bert John- son), on Dec. 26th, 1907. All three received a good educa- tion ; the boys are high school graduates and both attended the Belleville Business College. Frank was married on August 4, 1921, to Miss Cleo Erdman, and has one girl, Jean, born on July 28, 1922. Matt was married to Miss Norma Meyer, in Sept., 1923. Mr. Sadorf learned thoroughly the art of cleaning and dyeing in his native land, and since coming to this land has studied to improve his knowledge of this trade. He taught this art to his sons, and in 1926 took them into the business with him, though he continues as the active manager of the firm. His son-in-law, Mr. Johnson, to whom his daughter was married on Sept. 2, 1924, is also a member of the firm. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have one son, whom they have named Bert, Jr., and who was born on May 13, 1926. Be- fore entering his father-in-law ' s business, Mr. Johnson was employed as a clerk in a shoe store. He was born in Marissa, on April 5, 1904, and here he received a high school edu- cation. At present he takes care of the outside trade, and is the secretary of the Paris Company. The plant operated by Mr. Sadorf and his partners is one of the most modern and best-equipped in the county, and does a great amount of work for residents in Belleville and for those in the towns of this vicinity, where there are many agencies. The property on which the plant is located was purchased in 1920, and the present building was constructed soon thereafter. Mr. Sadorf belongs to the Chamber of Commerce, to the Business Men ' s Association, to the Turner Society, to the I. O. O. F., the Moose Lodge, the Elks, and the Eagles. This indicates a great capacity for social enjoyment. His choice recreations are fishing, hunting and bowling. WILLIAM H. BREUER ONE OF THE first families to settle near Dupo, 111. and actively engage in farming there, was that of Christian Breuer. He was the father of William Breuer, the sub- ject of this biographical sketch, and was born in Germany in 1836. William Breuer ' s mother, Sophia Kroeger Breuer, was also born in Germany. Christian Breuer and his wife came to this country many years ago, as did many other indus- trious and ambitious German immigrants, and settled in St. Louis County, Missouri. Later the family moved to Dupo, and bought a small farm, adding more land to this farm as soon as conditions permitted. William was a member of a large family; his father had eight children. He was born in St. Louis County on the 29th of July, in 1861, at a time when this country was on the verge of a great civil war. No doubt these were anxious days for his parents. After attending the school in Sugar Loaf Township, he worked for his father on the farm until 1893. On the 27th of September of that year, he was married to Miss Katie Diehl, the daughter of Christian Diehl and Lazetta Young Diehl. Like her husband, Mrs. Breuer was also from a large family; she was one of seven children, and her father, too, was born in Germany, April i, 1832. Her mother, however, was born in Sugar Loaf Township, on June 26, 1848. Both of Mrs. Breuer ' s parents are dead, the father hav- ing passed away on the 9th of August, 1881, while he was still in the prime of life, and the mother on November 16, 1916. Mr. Diehl was an industrious farmer, and owned 120 acres of land on the bluffs above Dupo. Mrs. Breuer was born on January 4, 1870, in Sugar Loaf Township, the birthplace of her mother, and there she attended the public schools. Mr. and Mrs. Breuer have three children — Matilda E. Breuer, born on July 5, 1894; Henry J. Breuer, born on Sep- tember 22, 1896; and Charles William Breuer, born on June 24, 1899. Two of their children are now living, Charles William having died on the i8th of September, 1920. Fwe Hundred and Fifty-Two WILLIAM H, BREUER MRS. WILLIAM BREUER EARL E, ASBIJRY After his marriage, Mr. Breuer farmed on the Bluffs for six years; afterwards he bought the twelve-acre farm belonging to his father ' s estate and continued farming here, adding to these twelve acres, after a time, seventeen acres more. Truck farming was his specialty, and he continued trucking until ig22. when he retired from active farm life. But though he has retired and has rented his farm, Mr. Breuer has not lost his interest m farming. Mr. Breuer has been quite a successful farmer. By indus- try, hard work, and careful management, he has been able to accumulate enough to live in comfort the rest of his life. From time to time he has purchased additional properties, and now he is considered one of the affluent residents of his commu- nity. He built, on his farm in 1902, a fine residence and mod- ern substantial barns; and he increased his land holdings by buying another forty acre farm, north of Dupo, in 1914. In 1923 he built the residence in which he now lives, within a convenient distance from his farm, which is located m the city limits of Dupo. Mr. Breuer is a Modern Woodman. He has taken an inter- est m the schools of his community, serving as a member of the local school board for six years. He has been quite a successful farmer, and after having spent more than forty years at hard work on the farm he deserves to retire and enjoy the fruits of his labors. He can well feel proud of the fact that he is one of that great class of sturdy German farmers who, by sheer hard work, by good habits of industry and economy, have contributed so much to American agri- culture and to our national wealth and prosperity. EARL E. ASBURY eARL E. AsBURY, of O ' Fallon, IS the son of James W Asbury, and a brother of Dr. E. C. Ashury of New Baden, a sketch of whose life appears on another page of this volume. Earl was born at Summerfield, in this county, Nov. 14th, 1894. He studied in the grade schools and the high school of O ' Fallon, graduating in 1916, and in the fall of this year entered McKendree College, where he remained for one term. He served in the Army in 1917-1918, and after leaving the service, settled in O ' Fallon, and established himself in the real estate and insurance business, in which business his father had engaged. He married a girl from his community. Miss Josephine Lienesch, who was born near O ' Fallon, on June 29th, 1899. She is the daughter of George W. and Louise Lischer Lienesch, who lived on a farm until the death of the father on Feb. 27th, 1Q22. Mrs. Lienesch now lives m O ' Fallon. The daugh- ter received her early education in the Shiloh schools, and afterwards attended the O ' Fallon High School, graduating m 1917. Then she made special preparation for teaching, studied one term m the Normal University at Normal, 111., and one summer m the Teachers College of St. Louis. Her first year of teaching was in the Shiloh School, the following four years in the Grassland School, and the year before her marriage to Mr. Asbury, she taught in O ' Fallon. She was married on June 23, 1923, and has two boys. Earl E. Jr., born on May jist, 1924 and James W., born Aug. 18, 1927. Earl E. Asbury is an active citizen in his community, and a member of a number of prominent organizations. He is a Fne Hundred and Fifty-Three MILBURN P. AKERS MRS. M. P. AKERS JOSHUA SOULE AKERS Mason, and a Shriner in this Order; a member of the local Business Men ' s Association, of the American Legion, of the Rotary Club and of the Shiloh Valley Grange. For two years he served as Tax Collector for the O ' Fallon Township, and since 1925 he has held the office of Justice of the Peace. His father entered the real estate and insurance business in O ' Fallon in 1904, and his son Earl in 1918. He sells general insurance of practically every kind. Owing to the activities of O ' Fallon ' s wide-awake and enterprising real estate men, to which group Mr. Asbury belongs, this city has developed noticeably, and built many fine homes during the last decade. When Mr. Asbury has time for recreation, and when the season is favorable, he enjoys fishing and hunting. THE AKERS FAMILY HE SPAN of McKendree ' s history easily covers four generations, as shown in the case of the Akers family. Peter Akers, the pioneer preacher, born in Virginia in 1790, came to Illinois in i8j2 and spent the remaining fifty- four years of his life as a member of the Illinois Conference. Early in this volume is told the story of his intimate connec- tion with McKendree, having been three times president of the institution, and having received the first degree which the college ever conferred — that of Doctor of Divinity. There is also a sketch of his son, Joshua Soule Akers, who was named after one of the early bishops of the church, and who spent fifty-three years in the ministry, a large part of it on the frontier borders of Methodism in Wisconsin and South Dakota. He received his bachelor ' s degree from McKendree in 1868, and that of D. D. in 1894. His son, Edwin Wallace Akers, grew up largely amidst the stirring influence of the pioneer conditions of the latter part of the nineteenth century. He was educated at Yankton Col- lege and the Dakota Wesleyan, at Mitchell, South Dakota, and received his theological training at Garrett Biblical Insti ' tute. He entered the ministry in 1893 and is still in active service. He has served pastorates in Chicago, St. Louis, Car- thage, Missouri, and Wood River, Illinois. Therefore, the venerable pioneer, his son, and grandson have together served an aggregate of one hundred and thirty-three years in the Christian ministry. The third of this line of preachers married Miss Anna W. Wilson, of Massachusetts. They have six children, two of whom, Milburn and Edwin, have been stu- dents in McKendree. The elder of these, Milburn Peter, has maintained the family traditions and earned a degree at Mc- Kendree. He finished the course in the McKendree Academy in 1919, and then took up the task of acquiring a college edu- cation, which he successfully accomplished with little if any financial aid from any source whatever. He had an inclination toward journalism and paid his way a part of the time by serving as reporter and press agent for the college. He was editor-in-chief of the McKendree Review and set stand- ards for that student publication which have doubtless had their influence on the character of the paper ever since. While in McKendree he was a member of Plato, and became partic- ularly efficient in the field of forensics. He belonged to the McKendree debating team, and attracted attention by his skill in extemporaneous speaking. He was graduated in the class of 1925, receiving the degree of A. B. He immediately Fnc Hundred jnJ Fifty-Four E. FRED GEROLD MRS. L. G. JOSEPH LOUIS G. JOSEPH entered upon the business of journalism by becoming editor and publisher of the Wood River Journal. He is now presi- dent and manager of the Wood River Printing and Publishing Company. He also serves his community as president of the board of education in the city of Wood River. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity and is a Royal Arch Mason. He was married in 1925 to Miss Beulah McClure, who was his fellow student in McKendree. She was a Clio and a classical major in McKendree, receiving her A. B. degree in 1920. Before her marriage she taught Latin five years m the Edwardsville High School. Thus the fourth generation of the Akers family has changed from the ministry to other useful lines, but it is a common belief among sociologists of the present day that the press reaches a wider constituency than the pulpit. As an editor Mr. Akers is using his influence for the betterment of his fellow men and probably speaks through his paper to more people than any preacher in his city. E. FRED GEROLD BEW MEN in Southern Illinois are better known for their business and political activity and capacity for leadership than is Mr. Fred Ceroid. As the president of the Ceroid Storage, Packing and Moving Company, he is recognized as a progressive, prosperous business man of East St. Louis. He was born in Clinton County, Illinois, on February 10, 1880, the son of George Ceroid and Mary E. Rodawald Ceroid. In the year of 1891 his father moved to East St. Louis, and three years later engaged in the drayage business. At the age of eighteen, Mr. Ceroid entered his father ' s business — a business to which he has since devoted his time and energy, and today it is the largest of its kind in the state, outside of Chicago. In 1 901 Mr. Ceroid was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Draggon. The happy couple are blessed with six children. They are: Winifred, now wife of F. C. Taylor, city clerk of East St. Louis; Ida J., stenographer and bookkeeper of her father ' s firm ; Ceorge, deputy county clerk of the Appellate Court, located at Mt. Vernon, Illinois; E. Fred Ceroid, Jr., a St. Louis University sophomore in the Law School; Kath- erine Lucille and Joseph Louis, who are attending high school. LOUIS G. JOSEPH y w HEN a man can take as much interest in the welfare ■ I I of his children as did Louis C. Joseph, who gave his two sons and three daughters a full college educa- tion. It will undoubtedly be acknowledged that he made a splendid father of himself. The fact that Mr. Joseph contrib- uted as much, if not more, to the welfare of the community ira which he now lives, as to his children, will be plainly shown. Mr. Joseph was born on the old Joseph homestead, near New Athens, on January 14, i860. He was a son of John Joseph, one of the most prosperous, well-liked, and highly respected farmers in his township. The latter was owner of a very fertile farm, one of the best in this section of the state, that yielded a great number of bushels of wheat each year. Success crowned his honest efforts from year to year. His residence was a wonderful home. The biography of another son, Edward, brother to the subject of this sketch, Fifty-Five MC KENDREE also appears in this volume. He, like his brother, is also a prosperous gentleman, having some three hundred and fifty acres of land under his supervision. The subject of this sketch was highly devoted to the inter- ests of his father ' s farm. With the exception of the time he spent studying in the public schools in his vicinity for an education, he worked for his parents. These years, even though the work was hard, were happily spent. The marriage of Mr. Joseph, on January 14, i860, to Laura Darmstatter, a daughter of George Darmstatter, marked the close of his stay with his parents. He and his excellent wife moved to a farm in the New Athens Township and started in this occupation. The happy couple, always busy, found time to bring up a family of five children. These are: Doctor R. J., born on December 27, 1887. He was married to Bess Carter. Clara E., the second child, was born on November 2, 1888. This young lady proved to be very talented in the fine arts. She is a nor- mal school graduate, and has studied art, music and painting in St. Louis. Many beautiful paintings grace her home — records of her artistic ability. She has also taught school in the cities of O ' Fallon and Freeburg. The third child, Edna, was born on January 5, 1890. She was married on February 28, 1914, to Harrison Hartman, but was called to cross the land beyond on April 12, 1925. Elmer was the fourth child, he being born on December 19, 1894. When twenty-two years of age, he married Bess Huber. The last and youngest of the five children was Roy C, who was born on November 25, 1896. But the Grim Reaper, who respects no one, plucked him from this earth when he was but a young fellow, just blossoming into manhood. As stated at the beginning of this sketch, each of these received a college education — a noble contribution from their father. Mr. Joseph retired in 1906, after many years of hard work that brought him wonderful results. His residence, in Free- burg, is surrounded by a lovely, five -acre plot of land. Much of his time is spent in outside activities. He has been a Mason for forty-three years. Besides being on the Blue Lodge school board for many years, he is president of the Freeburg Com- munity High School, an institution which he helped organize. His life record makes a wonderful mark for the younger generation to shoot at. J AS. F. WHITE ROBERT H. WHITE )he James F. White Lumber Company of Marissa is under the management of Robert H. White, who is one of the ten children born to James White and Lucy Ellen Hamilton White. Four of the children died in infancy, and of the rem;uning six, five are still living —William Glenn, born Dec. 7th, 1S82, having died on Sept. 2-|th, 1900. The surviving members are. Cora, now married to L. E. McClintock, of Marissa; Mary A., Robert. H., Irene, and Gail, the wife of Rev. John E. Simpson. All of the five now living received a high school education, and all attended Monmouth College. The father, James F. White, was born on a farm near Marissa, April 25th, 1852, and received his education in the grade schools and in the Academy at Coul ' terville, 111. Then he worked on a farm until 1874, on Nov. 18th of which year he was married to Miss Hamilton. After nine years he retired from the soil, rented out his land, and went into the lumber business in Marissa. This was at first a partnership conducted under the name of Lyons and White, and when Mr. White became sole owner, he devoted his whole time to it. He had a part m the organisation of the Marissa Building and Loan Association, of which he was made a director. He was one of the founders of Marissa ' s first library, and of the Marissa Academy. He always took an active interest in the religious and educational affairs of his community, having been, for over twenty years, treasurer of the United Presbyterian Church, and also one of its first trustees and a Sabbath School teacher. Mr. James White was a man of energy, and contributed much useful service in his locality during his lifetime; he died on the ijth of June, 1912. The mother of our subject, Mrs James White, is the daughter of Robert H. Hamilton and Lucy A. Thompson. (Mr. Hamilton being a native of So. Carolina and his wife being born in Illinois.) The father farmed near Marissa until 1897, when he retired. He died April 16th, 1910. The mother is still very active in the affairs of her church though she has passed her 96th birthday. The son, Robert, present manager of the lumber company, was made a partner with his father in this business in 191 1. Three years previous to this time he was graduated from Monmouth College, which he had entered after the com- pletion of his studies in the Marissa High School. After the death of his father, in 1912, he assum ed the management of the business, and since then has added to his Marissa com- pany several branch companies — The Tilden Lumber ' Hardware Co., in 1918, and the Sparta Lumber Co., in 192J. Robert White was married, on Feb. 19th, 191 3, to Mary E. Statler, the daughter of a prominent merchant of Oak Ridge, Mo., the city of the daughter ' s birth, on Dec. 19th, 1888. After her graduation from the Oak Ridge High School, she entered Lindenwood College, and was graduated from this institution in 1908. Her first child, Elizabeth E., was born Fne Hundred and FiftySv IMC KENDREE : : ... ... JAMES F. WHITE ROBERT H, WHITE JEAN F. WEBB, SR. March 26th, 1917; the second, James F., on Sept. 18, 1920; and Gilbert S., the youngest, on March 12th, 1927. Robert White, like his father, takes an active interest m the business and educational affairs of his city. He has served for five years on the Marissa School Board, is a director in the Building and Loan Association, one of the directors of the Forsyth Coal Company, and a stockholder m the Tilden Bank. Before closing this sketch it seems fitting and proper to mention the lineage of the White family to which our subject belongs. He is a direct descendant of William White, one of the patriots who fought in the American Revolution. William White was born in 1753, and died m iSjy He was a native of Ireland, emigrated in 1765, with his father, John White, to South Carolina, volunteered in January, 1776, and between this time and 1780 fought in several engagements against the Tories and the Indians of his native state. One of these was the Battle of King ' s Mountain. This ancestor was the great-grandfather of James F. White, the father of our subject. He lies buried in Old Purity Cemetery, two and one-half miles southeast of Chester, So. Carolina. w JEAN F. WEBB, SR. ' HE LIFE of Jean Francis Webb, Sr., furnishes a splen- did example of what a man with vision and brains can accomplish by ambition, persistence, and sagacity. Practical results greeted his efforts in all the lines of work that he has undertaken as a lawyer and inventor. Mr. Webb, who now resides in Denver, Colorado, was born on January 27, 1848, in St. Louis. In 1864, he entered McKendree Col- lege, but a little later, he enlisted m the army. After studying for another year in this institution, he enrolled, in 1873, in Washington University, of St. Louis, and was graduated two years later with an LL. B. degree. In 1875, Mr. Webb was elected city attorney of Leb- anon — the first man to hold the office m this city. His effi- ciency and honesty in law practice won for him the office of mayor, in 1881, in which capacity he served for two successive terms, until ill health forced him to go west and to abandon law. Here he spent many years in the mining business, engaging at different periods in the production of gold, silver, coal, and rock salt. Mr. Webb was married in 186S, to Mary Elizabeth Hypes -a daughter of Joseph Hypes, one of the founders of McKendree, whose sketch also appears in this volume. A son, Jean F., was born to the couple. He is the inventor of a well-known system of automatic tram controls for the International Signal Company, of New York City. Mr. Webb IS president of this and several other corporations. In social activities he helped to organize the national council of the Sons of the Revolution, representing the Colorado society of the order. He is also a Knight Templar in the Masonic Order. Mr. Webb is the inventor of the Pneumatic Cyanide Process for the extraction of gold from ores, which is used the world over. He has also patented about forty improve- ments in various industries. Five Hundred and Fifty-Seven |mc KENDREE : ...,. ...- JOHN K. WHITE [ ' oHN K. White, a successful and well-known farmer in ff I Marissa Township, is the son of John K. White, Sr., and Margaret Hamilton. He was born on the farm which he now occupies, on Feb. 29, i860, received a public school education, and began his life ' s work as a farmer at an early age. His father, who followed farming all his life, came to this county from Indiana in 1849, worked diligently, and at his death in 1866 left a valuable estate of two hundred and sixty acres to his wife and to the five of his six children who were then living. His son, the subject of this sketch, now owns two hundred acres of good land, all of which is tillable. On Nov. 14, 1889, he was married to Elizabeth Guthrie, the daughter of George W. and Rebecca McClintock Guth- rie. The father was born in this county, but the mother was born in Ireland. They were Presbyterians, and respected members in their community. To Mr. and Mrs. J. K. White have been born three children. Joseph G. White, the elder of the three, was born Nov. 19, 1890, married Ella J. Brown, and to this union were born three children. Joseph G. attended high school and also spent a year at Illinois U. Since that time he has been a prosperous farmer. John Kay White (the third) was born Jan. 23, 1898, and is now married to Helen Lafferty. He is now principal of a grade school. Florence Geneva, the young- est, was bom Jan. 12th, 1901. All of the children have re- ceived an excellent education; John Kay was graduated from the Southern Illinois Normal, from which institution his wife is also a graduate. Florence, after finishing the high school, attended college, and is now a teacher in the public schools of St. Clair County. Mr. White has been the president of the township high school board for twelve years. He has been greatly inter- ested in the education of his children, which was with him a real hobby. He also takes a decided interest in his church, the United Presbyterian, of which he is an active member. CHARLES EDWARD RAYHILL IN 1818 the RayhiU family emigrated from Virginia to St. Clair County, 111. and located three miles east of Belleville on what is known as the John R yder farm. The father of this early emigrant family had served in the War of i8ia, and had engaged for a time in teaching school. In Engleman Township he bought land on Sections 2 and j. At one time he owned over one thousand acres of land, most of which had been granted to him by the Government. Mr. RayhiU lived to the good old age of seventy-nine years; he died on the 2nd of October, 1867, five years later his wife died. They had four children, two girls and two boys. John Jacob RayhiU, one of their two sons, was born on the old home farm on the 4th of March, 1824. He was edu- cated in the subscription schools of the county, and grew to manhood on the farm. On the 7th of May, 1856, he married Miss Adeline Pitts, the daughter of Pintcher and Elizabeth Pitts, early settlers in this county. They began their domestic life upon the farm, and here their four children were born. Three of their children are deceased. Virginia, who became the wife of Wm. H. Dugger, died in 1888; George died in 1880, and Sarah died in infancy. The father lived to the age of seventy -five, his death occurring in 1899; but the mother passed away thirty-three years before this date. When John Jacob RayhiU died, his large farm estate, com- prising more than jje acres, passed to his son, Charles Ed- ward. The father had devoted his entire active life to farm- ing, except for the four years following 1850, when he went to California and engaged in mining. In early manhood he had been a Whig, but later he joined the Republican party and remained an advocate of its principles until his death- John Jacob RayhiU was indeed one of the honored pioneers of St. Clair County . Charles Edward RayhiU, bo rn on the 27th of April, 1857, attended the public school, and then worked for his father a number of years on the farm. In 1878, at the age of twenty- one, he began farming on his own accord, renting a portion of his father ' s farm. Three years later he married Miss Bertha Eisenmayer, the daughter of Jacob Eisenmayer who was one of the early settlers in Mascoutah. Unto Charles and his wife were born two children, Wallace and Edna, but only the daughter is now living. Wallace, who was born on the 25th of August, 1882, died on January 15th, 1904, a few months after reaching his twenty-first birthday. The daughter, born on November 9, 1884, is married to Oscar Hagist, the present mayor of Mascoutah, and one of the most prominent and influential business men in the city. Mr. and Mrs. Hagist have two boys, the older of whom is grown to young man- hood; the younger is still in his early teens. Mr. RayhiU remained on the farm until 1900, when he moved his family into Mascoutah, bought property in the city, and built a fine home there. He had continued to develop and add to the farm left him by his father until it grew to six hundred acres. The farm is located three miles southeast of Mascoutah; it is now being cared for by tenants. File Hundred and Fifty-Eight CHARLES E RAVHILL MRS. C E. RAVHILL ROBERT SCHL BERT Charles E. RayhiU is approaching his seventieth birthday, but IS still an active man, has good health and enjoys life. If he has any hobby it is driving his automobile from which he derives a great deal of pleasure. Mrs. Rayhill is a member of the Methodist Church in Mascoutah, to which church she is greatly devoted and m which she is a faithful worker. At present she is the Treasurer of the Ladies Aid Society m her church. Mr. and Mrs. Charles RayhiU are well known in and about Mascoutah, where they have the respect ind esteem of their many friends, and where they are comfortably situ- ated in an excellent home, enjoying the fruits of their early strenuous labors on the farm. Mascoutah can well feel proud of this happy couple ! ROBERT SCHUBERT Robert Schubert, a contractor of Mascoutah, and the son of Robert Schubert, Sr., comes from a family of seven chil- dren. His father was born m Germany, m 1820, and came with his family to this country m iSfV, and settled on a flirm in Mascoutah Township where he remained until 1887, when he bought a home in Mascoutah and moved from the farm. He died on February 13, 1893,; Mrs. Schubert lived until January 17, 1926. Robert was born on the farm on July 23,, 1875. After securing a public school education he took up car- pentry and worked under contractors until 1900, when he and his brother, William, formed a contractor partnership. and continued under the name of Schubert Bros., until 1904. In that year Robert moved to Mascoutah and started as an independent contractor. On June 8, 1898, he was married to Emma M. Monken, who has borne to him four children —Ada, October 18, 1901; Roy, April i, iqo ' ;; Robert, April 15, 1908; and Benny, October 13, 1910. Mrs. Schubert is the daughter of Joseph Monken and Amanda Reibold, and was born near Mascou- tah on July 26, 1878. There were six children 111 this home. Mr. Schubert is a member of the Commercial Club; he has been on the school board m Mascoutah for fifteen years, has served as president of the city schools for five years, and of the Community High School for three years; he is a stock- holder in the Mascoutah Brick Co. and is one of its directors; he holds stock m both the First National Bank and the Bank of Mascoutah; he helped organize the local Building and Loan Association m 191 3, and has been a member of its board of directors since. Mr. Schubert owns a great deal of property, and takes a very active interest m the schools of his city, as it IS clearly shown by his service as an official on the school boards. All of his children have received a high school education. LOUIS F. TISSIER HNOTHER man who has achieved his goal, especially by his willingness and eagerness to work, his ambi- tion, and his integrity, is Louis F. Tissier, of the Tissier Brothers firm in East St. Louis. After trying his hand in several different lines of business, he finally not only took Five Hundred and Fifty ine LOUIS F. TISSIER ARTHUR H. HU an interest, but also succeeded, in the real estate, loan, and insurance business. Mr. Tissier was escorted into the world on August i8, 1876, in the city where he lives today — East St. Louis. His early education was acquired in the public schools of this city. Somewhat later, he attended the Parochial School, and later, St. Vincent ' s College, in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Feeling a trend toward journalism, he accepted a position in the newspaper business with his father, after leav- ing school. But the sudden death of his father changed his bend of mind from journalism to the grocery business, which he entered with the guidance of his mother. No small amount of success greeted him in this line, for Mr. Tissier, in 1901, was elected secretary of the Retail Grocers ' Association. He has also been a director of the Illinois Retail Merchants for fifteen years. In 1902, by swinging his ability into action, he organized the Retail Merchants ' Association, and was made its first secretary. He held this office until 1907, when he re- signed and accepted the position of teller and solicitor of the City National Bank. In 1908, he went into business for him- self again, and organized the Tissier Brothers Real Estate Company. Established nineteen years ago, this company holds its headquarters in the Murphy Building. Mr. Tissier was married to Clara Metzger, on October iS, 1905. The couple have a fine, large family of ten children: Louis E., Margaret, Bernadetta, Marie, Catherine, Aloysius, Frances, Gregory, Clara, and Virginia. Mrs. Tissier is a JUDGE H. G. MILLER graduate of Ursuline College, of Springfield, and was grad- uated in 1902. She was a daughter of Lambert Metzger. The subject of this sketch is a member of the Knights of Columbus. He is also one of the most active and highly re- spected members of St. Elizabeth ' s parish. He has contributed a great deal of his valuable time to his church. His enthusiasm and interest in its welfare is unmatched. Mr. Tissier is well- known in East St. Louis, for he has established a very credit- able and deserving reputation in this city as the very able manager of the Tissier Brothers Company. ARTHUR HARRISON HULL BOR THE PAST twenty-three years Mr. Arthur Har- rison Hull has been a funeral director in New Athens, Illinois. He was born in this city on January ao, 1871. He was educated and began business here in 1905 and has since been a real booster for New Athens. Mr. Hull is a son of James Andrew Hull and Martha Emiline McFerron Hull. On January 27, 1892, Mr. Hull was married to Miss Sophia Koch. The happy couple were blessed with two sons and two daughters: Lee, N., Jacob Y., Gladys, and Ella K. (now Mrs. Campbell). Mr. Hull is a member of the Odd Fellows, the Red Men, and the Modern Woodmen. For many years Mr. Hull has been a close friend of Pres- ident Harmon, of McKendree, and has often contributed to the welfare of the college. Fu f Hundred and Si.xlv m JUDGE HENRY G MILLER ' HE JUDICIAL ELECTION of June 6, 1927, took trom his office at Mam and Broadway, East St. Louis, Henry G. Miller, one of that city ' s outstanding young lawyers and placed him upon the circuit bench of the Third Judicial Circuit of Illinois, composed of the coun- ties of Bond, Madison, Monroe, Perry, Randolph, St. Clair, and Washington. Judge Miller comes of a family prominent in the public affairs of the state of Illinois. He is a son of Charles A. and the late Emma S. Miller. He was born on May I ' i, 1889, and moved to East St. Louis with his parents in 1893- While securing his public school education in East St. Louis, he worked after school hours and on Saturdays, and also attended business college, studying stenography, which later enabled him to hold positions that are largely responsible for his present career. His legal education was received at the National University, at Washington, D. C. and at Cumberland University, at Lebanon, Tennessee, from which institutions he graduated in 191J and 1914, respec- tively, receiving from each the degree, LL. B. Admitted to practice law in 1914, Judge Miller was first associated with the firm of Boyle 6? Priest, St. Louis, Mis- souri, for one year; thereafter he engaged in practice in his home city, and later became a member of the firm of Keefe, Baxter, is? Miller. In addition to his license to practice m Illinois, Judge Miller has been admitted, by examination, to practice law in Missouri and Tennessee, and holds also his license to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States. He was married on February 11, 1918, to LiUa P. Mace, a daughter of former state representative Brice M. Mace and Ella Cook Mace. Mrs. Miller was born at Lebanon, Tennessee, on November 11, 1891; was educated at Castle Heights Preparatory School and at Cumberland University, both at Lebanon, Tennessee, graduating from the latter insti- tution in the department of music; later, she was an in- structor there. This congenial couple have three children — Anne Nicholson Miller, born November 15, 1922; Marshall Mace Miller, born July 10, 192 i; and Elma Lassiter Miller, born March 9, 1927. In his younger days, Judge Miller has acted as secretary of prominent law firms, and for ten years, he was private secretary to former Congressman William A. Rodenberg. President Roosevelt, in May, 1908, commissioned him a mid- shipman in the United States Navy, which commission he held until October, 1909, when physical disabilities forced him to resign. He was elected a member of the East St. Louij bo.ird of education for the term i92t,-i926, and was re- elected m the latter year for a second term of three years ' On April Q, 1927 Mr. Miller received the Republican nom- ination for Circuit Judge by a unanimous vote, defeating the then incumbent who had for eighteen years been a cir- cuit judge. At the general election Mr. Miller defeated the Non-Partisan ticket by a very handsome majority, and be- came Circuit Judge. Judge Miller is a member of St. Paul ' s Methodist Episcopal Church of East St. Louis, and holds the good will and respect of all with whom he has come in contact. It is written of this young man that he is a man of strong mental capacity, of poise, of earnest intentions, and of good judgment, and that in his personal habits he is clean, and has no blemishes on his record — surely an enviable reputation and record of accomplishment for one who has not yet reached his fortieth year. JULIUS D. MOLLMAN i OHN D. MoLLMAN, the father of our subject, was born ml in Hanover, Germany, December 20, 1854. - .t the age of sixteen, after receiving his early education, he came to America, reaching our shores in 1850 and locating in St. Louis. John, after working in St. Louis, came to Mascoutah in i8 ' i7, where he established a busines s for himself as a manufacturer of, and a dealer in saddles, harness, etc., and continued in this business for more than forty years. In 1904 he sold out to his son Julius, and ten years later, when he was approaching his 8oth birthday, John D. MoUman died. The mother of Julius MoUman was Wilheminia Hagist, the daughter of Andrew Hagist. She was married to Mr. Mollman in 1861 and became the mother of nine children, all of whom are still living. Julius, the youngest of the nine, was born at Mascoutah on July 2nd, 1878. Here he received his early education, including a full high school course. Upon leaving school he began, under the direction of his father, to learn the harness manufacturing business, as three of his brothers before him had done and continued in this until 1917 when he permanently withdrew from this harness busi- ness, and took over the agency for the Dodge Brothers auto- mobile, and bought property suitable to his new occupation. Today he has one of the most up-to-date garages in the city. On the i6th of October, 1902, Mr. Mollman was married to Miss Amalia A. Liebig, the daughter of Chas. Liebig. Two years after his marriage he bought property in Mascou- tah, and now is comfortably situated m his fine home. His daughter, Maria L. is now fourteen years of age, having been born on the 28th of April, 191},. Five Hundred and SixU-On JULIUS D. MOLLMAN Mr. MoUman has taken a practical interest in the civic affairs of his city, and has served it in two capacities — first as alderman, to which office he was elected in 1908, and later as mayor, from 1912 to 1916. He has been president of the Commercial Club, and has long been on its Board of Direc- tors. He is a director in the First National Bank of Mascoutah and also a director of the local Building and Loan Association. He is a member of the Southern Illinois Sportsman ' s League and is one of the Board which directs the League. Mr. Moll- man is particularly fond of hunting, and is considered one of the best marksmen in the county. MONK IMPLEMENT COMPANY ' HE COMBINED EFFORTS of the two suhjects of lis sketch, George Niess and E. C. Roediger, have made possible the success of their organization, the Monk Implement Company. Their close co-operation in the farm implement business has not only been a help to those with whom they have had relations, but it has also rewarded their efforts financially and otherwise. A chronological narra- tive of the records of the life of each of these two men is well worth recording. George Niess, the president of the company, was born on October 17, 1875, in Mascoutah, Illinois. He attended a coun- try school in early life, but after a few years he entered the Northern Normal University, where he studied for two years. Mr. Niess then enrolled in the Northern Indiana Uni- versity, of Valparaiso, Indiana, an institution from which he was graduated. After his school training he taught school in Smithton, and in Miilstadt, for eight years. In iqoj, he came (9 th ROEDIGER GEORGE NIESS to Belleville, and, along with E. C. Roediger, bought out C. A. Monk m the implement business, and incorporated it under the name of the Monk Implement Company. Mr. Niess was made president, and Mr. Roediger, the secretary and treasurer of this firm. The former has devoted all his time to this business since the first day it was established. Mr. Niess was married on July is, 1900, to Lillie E. Lill. The couple have a daughter, Netta V., born on May 10, 1902, who was graduated from the University of Illinois in 1923, and has since taught in the Bloomington High School. Mrs. Niess, who is a daughter of Peter W. Lill, was a school teacher in Shiloh, Mascoutah, and Grassland. Mr. Neiss is a member of many organizations. He is the president of the Rotary Club in Belleville, a member of the Chamber of Com- merce, a director and the third vice-president of the Belleville Bank and Trust Company, the past president of the Belleville Commercial Club, and also president of the Belleville Turn- verein for ten years (now a hfe member). During the war, Mr. Neiss helped to organize the Four-Minute men, and was made president of the same. For nine years he was pres- ident of the board of education. Under his administration, the beautiful Belleville High School was built. The other subject of this sketch, E. C. Roediger, the sec- retiry and treasurer of the company, was born on January II, 1881, in Miilstadt, Illinois. He attended the public schools, and later studied in the Northern State Normal and the Southern Illinois Normal University. After graduation, he taught school for three years, in the Sugar Loaf Township. He also rendered service as a teacher in Millstidt, for two Fnc Hu.idred and Sixty-Two E s2 years, and m Belleville, for fifteen years, where he was prin- cipal of the Douglas School. He taught commercial work in the Belleville High School for two years. In 1904, Mr. Roe- diger, with Mr. Niess, bought and organized the company m which he now holds his present office. He continued to teach school until iqio, when he resigned, in order to devote his entire interest to his business. Mr. Roediger was married on February 21, 1925, to Ida L. Krug. Mrs. Roediger, who is a daughter of Jacob Krug, taught school for seventeen years in Belleville. Mr. Roediger is a Mason, an Elk, and a member of the Lion ' s Club; he is also a member of the Evan- gelical Church, and the secretary of the board of directors of St. Paul ' s Evangelical Old Folk ' s Home. He also belongs to the Chamber of Commerce. The Monk Implement Company, so well established by Mr. Niess and Mr. Roediger, is situated in a building that is modern in every respect. It is a fitting monument to the work of these two men who have contributed so substan- tially to Belleville ' s success. WILLIAM JONES ' he Jones Bros. Coal Mining Company, of Marissa, has for its vice-president and general manager Mr. William Jones, one of St. Clair County ' s expe rt coal operators. This company now operates two mines, which, when running at full force, employ from 350 to 400 men. In 1897 Jonathan Jones, St., the father of William, organized the company, with his sons as partners in the venture, and for seven years operated one mine. In 1904 they opened another mine, known as Mine No. 2, and added this to the first. The father began his mining career in the British Isles, where he worked for a number of years before coming to the States. He was born in Wales, on August 28, 1842, and was married in England, to Kezia Davies, on May 8, 1864. Their first child, William, and the subject of this sketch, was born in the old country, March 24, 1865, and when he was about two years of age the parents decided to immigrate to America. They settled first in Duquoin, 111., in 1867, and here their other children were born — Charles, on May 8, 1868; Jonathan, on Oct. 18, 1870; Winifred Kezia, m December, 1874; John, on the I ' jth of March, 1879. In the same year that John was born, Mr. Jones moved his family to Marissa, where the father worked m the mines, and the sons followed their father m this occupation as soon as they were old enough. All of the sons are interested in the coal company, and the daughter, now Mrs. Winifred Scott, has been made the secre- tary of the company. Charles is the president, and was for- merly its secretary; William is the vice-president and general manager; and Jon.ithan is the treasurer. For many years after the company ' s organization, the father was its president and treasurer. His first wife died in 1891 (March 2), and on March 4th of the following year he was married to Rachel Bayley. The latter bore him no children and died in April, 191 1. On the 22nd of January, 1916, Mr. Jones married his third wife, Laura Fischer, who is still living. Mr. Jones entered the mines of his native land when he was still a child, as so many did at that time. His son, William, too began this work nither early in life, but secured a fair education m the public schools before taking up this occupa- tion. After the organization of the Jones Company, he with- drew from active mine labor, and has devoted his time to the management of the company and to other business. He is the owner of the Jones Filling Station in Marissa ; is a director in the Marissa Building £s? Loan Association; and one of the stockholders in the Marissa State Bank. William Jones was married, on Sept. 27, 1887, to Mary A. Cooper, who was born at Caseyville, Ky., March 20, 1868, and whose parents moved to Marissa about the year 1870. Her father was John Cooper, for many years a mine manager in Marissa. The mother, America (Adams) Cooper, bore to her husband four children. Both parents were members of the Methodist Church. Mr. and Mrs. William Jones are parents of tour children. Clara, the oldest, who is now Mrs. Walter Westwood, of St. Louis, was born Oct. 20, 1889; Velda L., married to Edward Potter, of St. Louis, was born in 1891, on Aug. 17; Lillian E., the wife of Edgar J. Davis, lives in Marissa, and was born on August 29, 1899, and Monticella, the youngest, born March 16, 1905, is married to Luzel Smith, and lives at Alton, Illi- nois. All of the children were given a high school education, and Monticella was a student of McKendree College. Mr. Jones for twelve years was the chief executive of his city; served on his city ' s scho ol board for fifteen years; and rendered service to Marissa for many years as its alderman. Mr. Jones is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, a Modern Woodman and a member of the Methodist Church. ARTHUR JONES Shipping his patented furnace — the only one of its kind — • all over the world, Arthur Jones, who is the very able and excellent president of his own organization, has certainly achieved success with his U. S. Smelting Furnace Company. He was born m Denver, Colorado, on August 19, 1874, a son of James Jones, who was born in Manchester, England. The latter came to America in 1869, and established a repu- tation as one of the first brass manufacturers in this country. Fiie Hundred and Sixty-Three IMC KENDREE : ..., . ARTHUR JONES FRANK G. St. Louis was the scene of his activity in this hne. Later he organized the James Jones Company in Belleville, 111. In 1892 he organized the James Jones Brass Works in Los Angeles, Cal. He died in 1900, but left his family in a very comfortable position. His wife, now seventy -nine years of age, is still living. The subject of this sketch received his education in St. Louis. He took a great interest in the manufacturing busi- ness, and accepted a position under his father in the brass works. Here he began at the bottom, and by consistent work, forged his way to the top. The death of his father left no small amount of responsibility on Mr. Jones ' shoul- ders, but he was equal to the occasion by taking up the management, in 1900, in Los Angeles. In 1917 he came to Belleville, where he organized the U. S. Smelting Furnace Company, a firm of which he is not only president, but also general manager. Mr. Jones was married in 1909, to Georgia A. Rogers. The couple have two children — Rogers D. and Jane Lee. Mr. Jones is a member of the Masons, the Elks, the Rotary Club, the Chamber of Commerce, and president of the Union school and the Township High School boards. He finds great delight in the sport of fishing, is very popular among his club members, as elsewhere. FRANK G. TAYLOR SUBJECT of this sketch, Mr. Frank G. Taylor, fine young chap who is making a good start in the political world. He was born in the city where he still resides —East St. Louis, Illinois, on August i, 1902. C OHES ©sa TAYLOR HENRY B. EATON After acquiring elementary training in vanous public schools. Mr. Taylor entered the East St. Louis High School, from which he was graduated. Later, he was married to Miss Winifred Ceroid, who is the daughter of Fred Ceroid, of East St. Louis, head of the Ceroid Transfer Company. Fred Ceroid is well known for his political activity and capacity for leadership. His life manifests many sterling characteristics of his Cerman ancestry. When only twenty- two years of age, he became chairman of the Republican Committee. This success was continued, for he held the office of city treasurer of East St. Louis from 191 1 to 191 j. For the past seven years he has been a member of the Illinois Commerce Commission. The young couple, Mr. and Mrs. Taylor, are the parents of a daughter, Winifred Jeanne. Although Mr. Taylor is still a young man, he is a member of many important organ- izations, which clearly shows that he is very much interested in the social, business, and political affairs in his community He is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, the Gothic Lodge, No. 852, of A. F. A. M., the Missis- sippi Valley Consistory, the Ainad Temple Shrine, the Kiwanis Club, and the Junior Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Taylor ' s interest in civic affairs, coupled with his ability and energy, has won for him the important office of city clerk of East St. Louis — an office to which he was ap- pointed in M iy, in 1927. This is, indeed, a rather fine posi- tion with quite ,1 bit of responsibility, to be held by a man at so early an age. Five Hundred and Sixtv-Four M s HENRY B, EATON ' HE NAME EATON is a very famihar one in the history of McKendree College, for Mr. Henry Black- burn Eaton, his father, and three brothers have at- tended the College in the past, two of them graduating. At present, Mr. Eat on is a very successful lawyer in Ed wardsville, Illinois. He was born Aug. 22, 1SS4, m H.imel Township, Madison County, Illinois. He attended the ele mentary and high school of this city, and then entered Mc- Kendree College, where he studied from 1903 to 1905. While in the college, he won the Brown Oratorical Medal, an event that marked a great day for Philo. Mr. Eaton was graduated from the Illinois Wesleyan Law School m 1908, and was County Judge of Madison County from 1914 to 191S. At present he is the special assistant to the Attorney-General of the state of Illinois, as an inheritance tax attorney for Madison and St. Clair Counties. In 1939 Mr. Eaton was married to Miss Emma King They have three children; Mary E., who is a student at McKendree College, Henry K., and Emma Rebecca. Mr. Eaton is a grand-nephew of Rev. T. A. Eaton, who was one of the leading ministers of the Southern Illinois Conference, and who was a graduate of McKendree College in 1849. In the same class was Judge Silas L. Bryan, father of W. J. Bryan. William P. Eaton, the father of Mr. Eaton, was graduated from McKendree College m 1868. Immediately after the Civil War he was elected County Superintendent of Schools of Madison County. During the war he served m Company H of the 117th Illinois Volunteer Infantry, commonly called the McKendree College Regiment. The Colonel of this Regiment was Risdon M. Moore, a professor of Mathe- matics in McKendree College, and the Adjutant was Samuel H. Deneen, a Latin Professor of the College. PHILIP FISCHER HNOTHER man who has worked all his life without complaint, but with a spirit that showed that he has been willing to do his full share, is Philip Fischer. He IS a farmer, and like most farmers, glories in the fruits of his labor. Mr. Fischer was born on October 14, 1862, a son of Philip and Anna M. Fischer. The former was born on June 26, 1826, and died on July 5, 1S90. The latter was born on May 9, 1822, and died on May 9, 1904. This couple were parents of seven children. Philip Fischer, Jr., attended the public schools in early life, but after being graduated from grammar school, he had to quit because of an abundance of work on his father ' s farm. He worked for his parents until the year iSqi, when he began to tarm on his own accord. During these years he carefully protected and supported his mother, who died in 1904. Mr. Fischer was united 111 marriage with Emma M. Hogg, on February ! ;, 1904. Mrs. Fischer, who was born on April 9, 1884, near New Baden, Illinois, was a daughter of Friedelin and Kathenne Weorner Hogg. There were twelve children in this family. The father died on August 16, 1926, but the mother is still living. Mrs. Fischer worked with her parents on the farm until her marriage to Mr. Fischer. They have four children. These are: Harvey, who was born on August 6, 1906; Lester G., February 26, 1909, now attending the University of Illinois; Melba, February 26, 1910, a high school student at present; and Alice, November i, 191 2, also a high school student. Mr. Fischer has been a member of the school board for twenty-four years. Although he is sixty-six years of age, he does not let Father Time hamper him in any way. He is still very active, works hard every day, and has no immediate plans for retirement. GEORGE H THOMPSON T EORGE H. Thompson, principal of the Marissa Town- 9 ship High School, began teaching at the age of eigh- teen m a country school about six miles north of Coffeyville, Kansas. He was born in Missouri, near Fairplay m Cedar County, March 6, 1869. Both of his parents were natives of Tennessee, but moved to Missouri in 1850, and then in 1877, to Independence, Kansas, The father, George J. Thompson, served in the Union Army during the Civil War. At the opening of the Civil War, he was conducting a general store and serving as post-master at Fairplay. After the war he followed farming. He died in December 1903, and his wife, Mary (McNmch) Thompson, thirteen years later. Their youngest son George attended school, first in Mis- souri until he was eight, and then in Kansas, where he iinished the high school work, and took a course in a normal school preparatory to teaching. After teaching for four years he en- tered Valparaiso University and alternated his studies here with his teaching. In 1895 he took the principalship of the high school at Hobart, Indiana, where he remained twenty- three years, the last thirteen as supenntedent of schools. From Hobart he came to Marissa in igi8. In 1907 he received his B. S. degree from Valparaiso University, and six years after the Bachelor of Pedagogy degree. Since then he has pur- sued graduate studies in Washington University, St. Louis. During his principalship in Marissa he has succeeded in se- Note — Portrait on page 7 curing new school buildings and in greatly improving the facilities and standards of instruction. On January i, 1895, Mr. Thompson married Miss Bertha Stilwell of Wheeler, Indiana. She was the youngest of the four daughters of Samuel S. and Jane (Gordon) Stilwell. Her father was a soldier in the Union Army, was a carpenter and builder by trade, though he lived for the last years of his life on the farm. Mr. St ilwell died in 1921 and his wife died in 1904. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have seven children: Ruth, now Mrs. Wm. T. Douglas of Mobile, Alabama; Mary, now Mrs. Frank Jones of Cairo, Illinois; Wynne Weir, who m April, 1917 enhsted in the U. S. Coast Artillery, was over- seas near Metz when the Armistice was signed and returned to the United States in January, 1919; he is now in the mer- chant marine; Milton McNinch, a student of civil engineer- ing at Gary, Indiana; Ella, now Mrs. A. I. Madeira of Hollywood, Florida; Maurice Seton, who served in the U. S. Navy during 1925 and 1926, is now in Manssa; Kenneth Reed, a junior in high school. Mr. Thompson is a member of the Methodist Church, of the Masonic Order, of the I O. O. F., and of Rotary Inter- national. He holds memberships in the National Education Association, the Illinois State Teachers ' Association, and of the High School Principals ' Association of Illinois. CONRAD REEB eROMINENT among the men in the business life of the city of East St. Louis and the surrounding district who have worked their way in the strength of per- sonal merit and sheer ability, from stations of comparative obscurity to positions of influence is Conrad Reeb, who is president of the Southern Illinois National Bank and of the Southern Illinois Trust Company, both of East St. Louis. Mr. Reeb is a native of East St. Louis. He was born November 25, 1868, and attended the parochial schools of that city, and, later, the Mound City Commercial College, of St. Louis. Upon being graduated from the latter, he entered the field of banking by accepting the humble position of messen- ger boy in the Workingmen ' s Bank of his native city. When the Southern Illinois Bank opened its doors for the first time, Mr. Reeb occupied the position a t the teller ' s window, giv- ing such satisfaction that he was promoted to assistant cash- ier, and later, to cashier. At this post he remained fully ten years. But his next step, in 1912, led him to the vice-presi- dency of his bank, and two years later, to the most responsible position which the hoard of directors could bestow upon him — that of president. So marked is his ability m the field of finance, that the board has constantly re-elected him to that most important position. The history of the growth and development of the South- ern Illinois National Bank is inseparably interwoven with the biography of Conrad Reeb. No banking establishment any- where enjoys a higher reputation for solidity and strict integ- rity. It was President Reeb ' s reputation as a safe and reliable financier that caused his bank to finance more momentous business enterprises in East St. Louis than possibly any other institution; it was President Reeb ' s foresight and active inter- est in even the most minute details of business that has con- tributed so much towards the development of one of the most important banking institutions m the middle west. The success which has attended this enterprise and his close connection therewith is the best evidence of his ability as a banker, and his high standing in the world of business is the strongest testi- monial to his upright character and unsullied business methods. Mr. Reeb was married to Miss Ida Theresa Wilds, April 25, 1900. She was born in Columbia, III., September 13, 1874, and attended the parochial school of her native town. Mr. and Mrs. Reeb have two sons and three daughters, namely: Carl H., born December 5, 1907; Roy W., bom March 9, 1910; Ruth E., born October 6, 1903; Esther L., born March, 1905; and Wilda E., born July 7, 1913. All of the children are receiving a very excellent education. Mr. Reeb is very proud of his family and, in spite of his business interests, is ever attentive to his family obligations. Neither is he neglectful of his role m society, for he is a member of the following organ- izations : Elks, Knights of Columbus, Chamber of Commerce, Retail Merchants ' Association, East St. Louis Country Club, Eagles, Business Men ' s League, Bankers ' Club, and the Mis- souri Athletic Association. Furthermore he has been a trustee of St. Henry ' s parish for four years and president of the Wes- tern Catholic Union for eight years. Mr. Reeb certainly holds an enviable position among his fellow men. Beginning humbly as a messenger boy and rising to the presidency of a large and powerful financial institution has certainly required strict honesty and fidelity, untiring energy and unwavering per- severance on the part of Mr. Reeb. Five HundTcd and Sixty-Six GEORGE H THOMPSON CONRAD REEB DR, CARL L. GLENN DR, CARL L. GLENN, DENTIST «.y R. C. L. Glenn was born at Manssa, 111., on Novem- JLF tier 29th, 1882. His father, A. C. Glenn, was also born in Illinois, at Preston (August 9th, 1858), and was married to Rachel L. Borders the 7th of October, 1880. Of their three children, Carl is the oldest, and the only son. The two girls were Edna L. and Irma L. Glenn, the latter now Mrs. Arthur Webster of Manssa, 111. The grandfather of the dentist, James Wilson Glenn was born in Saratoga County, New York in 1821, came to Southern Illinois in 1840, studied theology preparatory to entering the Presby- terian ministry, and was licensed on April nth, i8 ; ' ;. On the December following he was ordained and installed as pastor of the Springfield Congregation (now Preston). Dr. Glenn received his public school education in Marissa, graduated from the high school and then entered the Dental School of St. Louis University. Soon after graduating, m 1904, he began his practice at Pawnee, 111., from which place, after two years, he moved to Marissa. A year later — De- cember jist, 1907 — Dr. Glenn was married to Anna C. Wagner, and on November 12th of the following year their first child, Robert W., was born; their other boy, Myron James, was born March 2nd, 191 1. Robert has graduated from the Marissa High School, and is now a student at the University of Illinois; Myron is still a pupil in the Town- ship High School. Mrs. Glenn is one of the three children of J. A. Wagner and Sophia Heimann, and was born m Evansville, 111., on October 23rd, 1885. She received her high school training at Marissa. Her father was engaged in the general merchandise business until he retired in 1906, and IS still living m Evansville, but Mrs. Wagner died many years ago (March 19, 1895). Not all of Dr. Glenn ' s time is taken up with his dental practice, though he has a very large clientele here. He finds time for social and business interests other than those di- rectly connected with his profession. He is a Mason, a mem- ber of the Rotary Club, and one of the directors of the Marissa Country Club, as well as a stock holder in the Building ' Loan Association and m the State Bank of Mar- issa. Besides his residence he owns other property here. PHILIP HERMAN eHiLir Herman, a retired farmer, living on R. F. D. No. 2, near New Athens, 111., was born in New Athens Township, on Dec. 22, 1844. He secured his education in the public school of his neighborhood, and then assisted his father with the farm work until he was twenty-three years of age, when he rented some land from his father, and thereafter worked for himself. Later he bought the eighty acres upon which he now lives, and cultivated this until he was ready to retire m 1902, and rented the land to one of his sons. On August 18, when he was nearing his twenty-third birthday, Philip Herman married Catherine Darmstatter, a New Ath- ens Township girl, born on Oct. i, 1847, the daughter of Louis Darmstatter. Of the six children born of this union, but three are now living. Elizabeth, the oldest, born on Jan. 11, 1868, married Edward Joseph; Amanda was born on April 14, 1869, and was married, first to Philip Rush, and after his Five Hundred and Sixty ' Sei death, to George Schieferdecker; Charles, born in 1870, on August 19, died on March 28, 1909; WiUiam Theodore was born March 8, 1876, and died on July 15 of the following year; Leonora L., later Mrs. Commodore Carr, born Jan. 25, 1879, died in 1902, on Feb. 22; and Clarence, a biography of w.hom will be briefly given in the latter part of this article, was born Sept. 18, 1880. The parents of our subject, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Herm.mn, reared a family of twelve children, of which Philip was the oldest. The father was born in a village of Saxony, in Ger- many, August I, 1820, attended school until he was fourteen years of age, and then worked in his father ' s water power mill until he was eighteen, when he decided to come to America. Here, after many hardships, working at different jobs to make a living, he finally located in Belleville, and fol- lowed the turner ' s trade for nearly two years. In the mean- time his father had left the old country, and reached Belleville in 184J, and soon thereafter purchased five hundred acres of land on Twelve Mile Prairie. The father died the following year, but Peter reimined on this farm the rest of his life. Before his death, which occurred on July 9, 1904, he had retired from active farm life. His good wife had passed away long before this time — on Dec. 14, 1876. Philip Herman retired from the farm in 1902, and rented out his land to his son, Clarence, but soon after retiring, he began operating, in partnership with his son, Clarence, a saw mill and threshing machine. The father still runs the saw mill, and is able to work every day. He is well known throughout his community, and belongs to the Masonic Order, which he entered in 188 j. His son, Clarence, secured a common school education and began farming, first for his father until about 1901, and then rented from his father and did independent farming. It was in 1905 that he and his father became owners of the saw mill and threshing machine, and they are both still engaged in running these. Clarence was married, on Feb. 20, 1912, to M;itilda Barthel, the daughter of Adam Barthel. She was born in Prairie du Long Township, on Jan. j, 1885. On Nov. 19, i9i5,GladisE., the only daughter of Cl.irence and Mrs. Herman, was born. Mr. Herman has served as a director of the school board of New Athens, District No. 64. He is a stockholder in the First National Bank of Freeburg, and has been a member of the Masonic Order since 1919. He is an advocate of hard, hon- est labor, of which his own activities are a good example. When he has leisure time he enjoys driving his .lutomobile. L. A. SCHAFER QR. L. A. ScHAFER, Superintendent of Schools at Mas- coutah. 111., has been engaged in educational work since 1902. He has supervised the schools in Creal Springs, Carterville, O ' Fallon, Christopher, Marissa, and for nine years in Mascoutah, Illinois. Mr. Schafer received his grade school, as well as his high school education, in the schools of Creal Springs, Illinois, the place where he was born on September 24, 1881. His mother, Caroline McGowan Schafer, was also born here on the 23rd of July, 1852, and his father, William Scha- fer, was born at Munden, Germany, on February 12, 18 ji. The latter came to the States in 1852, settled in Illinois, and during the Civil War, joined the forces of the North, and took part in the battles of Vicksburg, Forts Henry and Donaldson. He accompanied General Sherman in his famous march to the sea, and passed in review at Washington. Both Mr. and Mrs. William Schafer have recently passed away — the father in 1921, on the 2jrd of March; the mother on the i2th day of October, 1924. There were born into their home fourteen children. Soon after his graduation from high school, Mr. Schafer began his teaching career, and at the same time he continued to study during the summers. For one year he was a student in the University at Valparaiso, Indiana, and later he en- rolled as a student in McKendree College, from which in- stitution he received his A. B. degree in June, 1926. The position which Superintendent Schafer now occupies in the field of education has been achieved through hard work and continuous study. Ever a student and a great reader, he did not cease to study upon his graduation from McKendree. During the summers of 1926 and 1927, he pur- sued graduate work in the University of Colorado at Boul- der, Colorado, where he expects to take a Master ' s Degree in 1928. When not engaged m the duties of a school super- visor, he is pretty sure to be found studying or attending classes. He established the O ' Fallon Township High School in 1920 and had it accredited by the University of Illinois. He also established the Community High School at Mas- coutah, Illinois, in 1921. Mr. Schafer is a married man, and has two daughters — Caroline R., born on September 15, 191 1, and Ilda Jean, on June 2 ' ), 1914. Mrs. Schafer was Marian A. Hinchcliff, of Cambria, Illinois, the daughter of William H. Hinchcliff and Lou Mitchell Hinchcliff. She comes from ,1 family of SIX children, was born on the jrd of September, 1888, and was married to Mr. Schafer on August 10, 1910. Five Hundred and Si,xt -Eight PROF. L, A. SCHAFER JUDGE S. B. HODGDON H. A. KANZLER In politics Mr. Schafer is a Republican; fraternally he is a 32nd degree Mason, and a member of the Mississippi Valley Consistory at East St. Louis, Illinois. He has been appointed Secretary of the Board of Education, has been successful as a supervisor of education here, and is consid- ered a good school man. JUDGE HODGDON fiROBATE Judge Samuel D. Hodgdon of Webster Groves, St. Louis County, was born on a farm near Summerfield in 1868. His father, Charles O. Hodgdon ' was a teacher and an advocate of public schools m St. Louis County. At the age of eighteen Judge Hodgdon was graduated from the Manual Training Dept. of Wash- ington University, earning his livelihood by clerical work for the Mutual Life Insurance Co., and by cleaning ofEces. For some years Mr. Hodgdon worked in St. Louis and stud- ied law at Washington University, from which school he was graduated in 1895. In 1896 he was elected Assistant Circuit Attorney in St. Louis and held that position for ten years. In igia Mr. Hodgdon was elected to the Legislature, and two years later to the position of Probate Judge of St. Louis County. This last position he now holds, and in 1926 he had no opponent either in the primary or general elections. Judge Hodgdon has been especially active m civic mat- ters. For ten years he has been president of the Ozark Trail Association, the organization responsible for the building of an all-weather road from St. Louis to Albuquerque, New Mexico. In 1924 he was chairman of a campaign division, working in twelve counties for the passage of Proposition No. 5, providing state gasoline and license taxes in order to save the Good Roads program. Judge Hodgdon was Chairman of a committee which brought about the St. Charles toll bridge over the Miss- ouri River. Within four years, b.ised upon the present m come, the bridge will become the property of the state without one cent having been expended and with no in- crease in tolls. Judge Hodgdon has always shown an enthusiastic inter- est m the public schools. For many years he has been chairman of a committee working for a constitutional amend- ment, making it possible for every child in the state to secure a high school education. He has been identified with several successful movements for the improvement of rural schools. In 191 5 he was one of the organizers of the Pro- bate Judges ' Association, and served as president and chair- man of the Legislative Committee. Recently Judge Hodgdon has announced his intention to run for the governorship and his platform is evidence of his sincere desire to make some changes for the better. HERMAN A. KANZLER H SCHOOLMAN of hberal education secured in the universities of America and Europe, and a linguist of unusual ability, is Herman A. Kanzler, principal of the East St. Louis High School. Professor Kanzler was born in Belleville, April 29th, 1880, the son of George F. Kanzler and Minna Keil, both of whom were born and reared in Belleville. George Kanzler died on May 2nd, 1912 and his Fne Hundred arid S,xt ' ,- me |mc kendr wife on July 19th, 1919. The grandparents of Herman Kan;- ler came from Germany to America in 1850, and went almost directly to St. Clair County to settle. Herman Kanzler studied in the Belleville public schools, through the high school, and received the Bachelor of Arts Degree in 1900 from the Christian Brothers College of St. Louis. Then he went abroad to continue his studies, spent one year at the University in Toulouse, France and at Sar- bone University (now the University of Paris), receiving from the latter a degree equivalent to our Bachelor of Educa- tion, studied one year in Spain and a year in Italy. During the summers he has pursued graduate studies in the Univer- sity of Illinois, Chicago University, and in Columbia Univer- sity. He also holds his A. M. degree. From 1904 to 1908 he was head of the Modern Language Department in Christian Brothers College, and since 1908, has been teaching in East St. Louis, as an instructor in German, French and Spanish until 1917, when he was chosen assistant principal of the High School, and as principal since 1922. Mr. Kanzler married, on Sept. 9th, 1904, a prominent and cultured young lady of St. Louis, Miss Clara E. Hassenduebel, the daughter of Phillip Hassenduebel, the owner of a grocery establishment in St. Louis. Her mother, Liza Goettler Hassen- duebel, died in 1914. Mrs. Kanzler is a graduate of the former Victoria Institute of St. Louis, and received, also, a musical education before her marriage. Professor Kanzler is a Republican, a member of the German Evangelical Church, and a Mason. He has passed through all the degrees in the latter, is Past Master of his lodge, Past High Priest of Chapter 1 56, Past Illustrious Master of Council 161 , Past Patron of the Rob Morris Chapter of the Eastern Star, and Past Watchman of the Sheppard Calvary White Shrine. Mrs. Kanzler is a member of the Eastern Star, of the White Shrine, and Past Queen of the Daughters of the Nile. Both enjoy traveling, and Mr. Kanzler is especially addicted to books and languages. ROBERT F. WHITE H YOUNG MAN of ability and promise came to McKen- dree in the fall of 1917 who was destined to make his personality quite vividly felt on the old campus which is the arena in which so many youths have started to play the great game of life. His parents were Frank and Etta L. White of Murphysboro. There Robert Fulton White was born September 8, 1899. In that city he grew up and received his elementary education. His older brother Ralph was a stu- dent in McKendree for a while but did not finish. However, Robert was determined not to allow any ordinary cause to turn him aside from his lofty purpose to secure a thorough education. For some time he hesitated m the choice of his profession between the law and the ministry. He finally de- cided for the law, but that did not indicate any relaxation of religious principle or practice. He was an active member of the Y. M. C. A. and for one year president of that organ- ization. During his presidency the Y. M. C. A. was a real power on the campus. That statement would not apply to every year of its history. He was a member of Plato Society, and showed the same progressive spirit in that field also. He was interested in dramatics and was the leading spirit in a play known as the Minstrel Show, which was staged under the direction of Miss Cheeseman, and proved a great success as far as the patronage of the public was concerned. Mr. White was business manager of the College Annual for that year, and he saw in the Minstrel Show a means of providing for the deficit which usually occurred in the publication of the Annual. He himself had a part in the play and impressed the other members of the cast with its importance. It went over in fine style. The next evening they took it to O ' Fallon and presented it to a full house there. Needless to say the deficit in the Annual budget was met. He also took part in other plays that were presented during the year, for example, he played the part of Stephen Brewster, which is the leading part, in Suppressed Desires . He was also a reader of ability and sometimes went out as a member of a picked up quartette to give an entertainment in some near by church, perhaps for the benefit of the Epworth League, or sometimes because the pastor wanted to arouse a little fresh interest in his people by giving them something out of the ordinary. When Mr. White had completed his junior year at McKendree, he went to the University of Illinois to take his law course taking advantage of an arrangement then exist ' ing whereby a student could use credits earned in the law school to meet the requirements of his senior year. He re ceived his A. B. at McKendree in 1922 and LL. B. from the University of Illinois in 1925. At Illinois, he belonged to the Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity, and the Acacia social frater- nity. After his graduation in 1925 he was admitted to the bar and then located in Granite City, Illinois, for the practice of his profession. He has already handled several important cases in such a masterly way as to give him a favorable repu ' tation in legal circles this early in his career. He has a younger brother, Frank, who spent a year at McKendree. In the meantime his parents have moved to California and now reside in Los Angeles. Five Hundred and Seventy ROBERT FULTON WHITE HENRY W. SCHWARTZ WILLIAM A HOUGH HENRY W. SCHWARTZ Henry Schwartz, the owner of a general merchandise busi- ness in Dupo, Hhnois, has attained his success through per- sistent hard labor. His stock of goods includes hardware, paints, oils, dry-goods, shoes, and notions. The owner is the son of John F. and Hannah (Pfeffer) Schwartz, and was born in Twelve Mile Prairie, St. Clair County, Nov. 15th, 1872. His father is the owner and operator of the Schwartz Bros. Express Co., in East St. Louis. Henry finished the public school, and then attended the Carbondale Normal for six terms, after which he taught in Prairie du Lang and Stookey Townships for seven years. In 1900 he went to Belleville, worked at life insurance for eigh- teen months, and then managed a hotel for two years, until 190J, when he moved to East St. Louis, and here he contrac- ted for carrying mail between East St. Louis and the Stock Yards. He sold this contract to his father in 1904, and for a year was engaged in the parcel delivery business at his pres- ent location. In 191 1 his store burned and in 1912 he built the present structure — a modern, up-to-date business house. On Feb. 4, 1895, Mr. Schwartz married Emma Kochmann, by whom he has two children — Sylvester W. Schwartz, at present working in his father ' s store, born June 28, 1889; Mamie Schwartz, now Mrs. Earl Kent, born Dec. 3, iqoi. Emma Kochmann Schwartz died in 1904, on Jan. 18, and on Oct. 15, 1906, Mr. Schwartz married Anna Breuer. The latter lived until Nov. 23rd, 1926. Henry Schwartz was the first mayor of Dupo and later served as city alderman. From 1917 to 1920 he was super- visor of Sugar Loaf Township. He was one of the organizers and chairman of a league to improve the roads between East St. Louis and Waterloo. For six years he served on the Dupo Board of Education, was chosen the first president of the community high school board. Since 1923 he has been post- master in Dupo; he is a stockholder and a director m the Dupo Savings Bank, as well as m the Dupo Building and Loan Association. Mr. Schwartz is an Odd Fellow, and a member of the Evangelical Church. WILLIAM A. HOUGH BOR MORE than forty years Mr. William A. Hough, of Belleville, now secretary and treasurer of the Belle- ville Finance Corporation, was a notable figure in the educational development of this county. He entered the teaching ranks in 1877, and labored continuously as a teacher and supervisor until 1926, when he withdrew from the field of education, and after the organization of the finance cor- poration (Oct. I, 1926), took up the duties of his new office. Mr. Hough was born in Mascoutah, on March 16, 1857, one of the two sons of William Hough, a farmer. Since the age of nine, William A. Hough has made his own way in life. He received his early education in the Mascoutah schools, and later attended McKendree College and Wash- ington University, receiving from the former a degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1910. Mr. Hough has taught in New Memphis, 111. (5 years), rural schools (5 years), Mascoutah High School (3 years), and Belleville (19 years). In 1910 Mr. Hough was elected superintendent of schools for St. Clair County, and served in this capacity for almost thirteen years. Five Hundred and SeventyOne It IS interesting to note that he was elected to this office on the Democratic ticket in a county overwhelmingly Repub- lican. Upon the termination of this service he was made superintendent of the city schools of Belleville, and served in this capacity until 1926 when he retired from active school work. Mr. Hough was married in November, 1878, to Di,xie Fike, the daughter of Anderson and Sarah Jane Fike, of Mascoutah, m which city Mrs. Hough was born on April 6, 1862, and where she was reared and educated. To this congenial couple were born three children — Estella D., Dr. Charles R., and Arthur Newton (deceased). To the cause of education Mr. Hough has rendered, in his city and county, much unselfish service. For fifteen years he was a member of the Belleville Library Board, and for three years the president of this board. He served on the Carnegie Library Committee and for ten years on the Teach- ers ' Reading Circle Board. He has been president of the Southern Illinois Teachers ' Association and was a member of the committee for the revision of the course of study for the public schools of Illinois. Mr. Hough is a Mason and a Shriner; he has held every office in the Blue Lodge, for four years its Master; he has been High Priest of the Royal Arch, and Eminent Com- mander of the Tancred Commandery; and, for six years he has acted as Dad of the DeMolay organization in his city. Mr. Hough is also a member of the Modern Woodmen, of the Elks, and of the Rotary Club. He has ever been a stu- dent and greatly enjoys reading. WILLIAM R. REISS HFTER having been, during the greater part of his life, a farmer, William R. Reiss, of Trenton, Illinois, is almost ready to retire. His entire life is marked with hard, conscientious work, and the long rest that he will soon take will be well-earned. He was born in St. Clair County, on November 15, 1867, a son of Charles J. Reiss and Eva Dintel- mann. The former was born in Floraville, St. Clair County, on February 17, i8jj. The latter was born in Germany, but immigrated to this country at an early age. This couple were parents of seven children. The subject of this sketch did not have a very good opportunity to attend schools other than the public school, but he overcame this handicap by his will- ingness to learn what he could when not engaged in labor. He contributed much work on his father ' s farm, which is situated near O ' Fallon. For several years he was busily engaged as a hand on farms all over the county, but in 1893, after having acquired all the important facts regarding the science of agri- culture, he started fiirming for himself. He rented a farm near O ' Fallon, on which he produced fine crops, but in 1907, he moved to the Nies farm, near Trenton. He rented land on this farm until 1904, when he was able, by means of his thrift and perseverance, to buy the farm. This fertile, verdant land, which covers an area of two hundred and five acres, produces good crops year after year. Mr. Reiss was united in matrimony with Louisa B. Nies, on January 10, 1894. She was born on July 10, 1866, on her father ' s farm near O ' Fallon. Her father, now deceased, was Daniel Nies; her mother, who was born in Germany, on Jan- uary 3, 183 1, came to this country in 1844. Mrs. Reiss was truly a home-girl before her marriage, with the exception of the term that she spent in the Catholic convent in Belle- ville. Her hobby, Hke the true wife of a farmer, is the raising of chickens. This happy couple have proved to be careful parents of three children. These are: Edgar D., born on Jan- uary 25, 1895; RoUand C, October •,, 1898, now married to Edna Townsend; and Lucille, July 21, 1908, now a high school graduate. The subject of this sketch is a character of no mean im- portance in Trenton. He holds the office of director of the First National Bank; is the secretary of the Farmer ' s Co- operative Elevator at Summerfield; and the president of the North Grove Telephone Association. All of his work has not been in his own interest by any means. He has contributed to the welfare of his town — O ' Fallon, as a member of the board of education, and has been a school director ever since. Mr. Reiss is not only interested in the raising of crops on his farm, but he also makes a specialty of dairying. He is a member of the Blue Wing Hunting and Fishing Club. HERMAN E. 2IERATH EARD WORK is the key to success in a great many cases, and such may be said to be true in the case of Herman E. Zierath. Always forging ahead, never re- laxing, this gentleman has finally reached his present position of secretary of the Oswald and Riechmann Motor Company. His mind and body had a love for mechanical things even in early childhood, and many of his dreams have been fulfilled. He was born on September 7, 1882, in New Athens, Illinois. His education was acquired in the public schools, and in the Bryant and Stratton College. After school he was employed by the firm of the Star Brewery, in Belleville, where he worked his way up to the position of a salesman. His ability and sagacity won for him the office of manager, in 1906, of the Fire Hundred arid Se er ty-Two HERMAN ZIERATH East St. Louis plant and tn-city branch of this company. He resigned in igii and started in the automobile business as a member of the firm of Oswald and Reichmann Motor Company. On September 7, 1904, Mr. Zierath was married to Miss Anna Roach, by which union the couple are parents of three children: Margareth L., Murnel E., and Hermann E., Junior. Mr. Zierath is a Catholic m faith, a member of the Knights of Columbus, the Elks, the Moose, and the Modern Wood- men. He takes a great interest in the well-loved sports of hunting and fishing. Along these lines he holds membership in the East St. Louis Fishing and Hunting Club, and is a member of the board of directors of the Illinois Sportsmen ' s League. Mr. Zierath is the president of the East St. Louis Automobile Dealers ' Association. His interest in civic affair?, his all-around popularity, and genial personaHty have won for him the important offi;e of commissioner of public safety. J. C. F. KUNZE ■ j C. F. KuNZE, a farmer near Marissa, was born on the I old Kunze homestead, March 11, 1875, one of the six ■ sons of G. William Kunze and Dorothea Schneidewind, who had, m all, eight children. The father, born in Betterfeld, Germany, on July 30, 1839, came to America at the age ot fifteen, first went to Canada, then came to Pope County, Illinois, and finally settled in St. Clair County, on a farm, where he lived until his death, which occurred on July 18, igii. Mrs. Kunze died September 24, 1926. Their son, J. C. F., received his education in the public school and in the Academy of Marissa, and helped his father run the farm until 1901, when he started farming for himself. And Mr. Kunze is one of those very few men who have been able to make farming pay m the last two decades when con- ditions have been so adverse. His fine residence, built in 1911, and his two hundred acre farm both speak of such a success that is not the gift of fortune but the lust reward of hard work, and skill in farming. Although he has always been busy in his daily occupation, Mr. Kunze has taken time to participate in the finer things of life and to serve his fellow men. He is a member of the Evangelical Church; was for fourteen years a school board trustee, and served on the Marissa Township School Board. He has traveled extensively. HAROLD V. CALHOUN ' HE PERPETUATION and stimulation of learning IS one of the most important of all tasks which con- front the human race. The future growth or downfall of civilization, the very destiny of nations, depends upon the training which the children of today receive. In view of these truths, the city of Belleville, with H. V. Calhoun as a type of its educators, is destined to enjoy a future of prosperity and intellectual progress. Harold V. Calhoun, Superintendent of Schools in Belle- ville, won his way to the position which he now holds, by means of hard work, consistent achievement, and real merit. He was born in Pekin, Illinois, July 7, 1891. His father was Rev. J. D. Calhoun, and his mother, Mrs. Vina (Robinson) Hundred and Sei MC KENDREE Calhoun. Rev. Calhoun was for fifty years a Methodist Episcopal minister in the Central Illinois Conference. He died April ii, 1924. Mr. Calhoun ' s mother is still living and continuing in excellent health. Mr. Calhoun is the youngest of six children, and one of a family of educators, since all have been teachers. In order to complete his education, Mr. Calhoun was compelled to work his way through college chiefly by doing farm work and by remaining out of school to teach. He was graduated from the Wenona, Illinois, High School, and then was enrolled in Bradley Polytechnic Institute, in Illi- nois State Normal, and in McKendree College. He was grad ' uated from McKendree in 1925 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. His teaching career has been remarkably successful. He has taught and supervised schools in Marshall County, in LaRose, in Bureau, and in Mackinaw — all in this state. In 1922 he became Principal of the Junior High School in Belleville and in 1926 was made Superintendent of the Pub- lic Schools of Belleville, which position he holds at the present time. He was married on October 3,0, 191 J. His wife was for- merly Miss Gertrude M. Judd, the daughter of Alfred and Anna Judd, of Wenona, Illinois. She was born March 5, 1890 and was given a musical education at Wesleyan Uni- versity, of Bloomington. Mr. Calhoun is an efficient and practical worker in his chosen field; is popular with the Belleville school authori- ties, well-liked by all whom he serves, and trusted, honored, and respected by everyone who knows him. He is a Mason, a member of the lodge of Modern Woodmen, and an active worker in the Belleville Rotary Club. EDWARD N. JOSEPH OF ALL the occupations that one may choose from, there is none that can take the place of farming — an occupation in which the farmer enjoys the bounties of Mother Nature, with her beautiful contributions of crops and trees, two mighty factors on which this land of ours depends. Such, then, is the very good reason why Edward N. Joseph chose farming, by which he aimed to contribute his share to humanity. Mr. Joseph was born on a farm, and such, then, may be the cause of his love for it. The date of his birth is October 7, 1861, while the place is the old Joseph home- stead, near New Athens, Illinois. He was a son of John Jos- eph, a successful farmer, who owned a piece land of five hundred and sixty-one acres, all of which he kept in a good state of cultivation. His principal crop was wheat, which yielded wonderfully. He held the position of school director in several districts. Among people of the township, he and his wife held a high position of esteem. The couple were crowned with success in a worldly sense, also. They were all devoted members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. The education of the subject of this sketch was received in the public schools near his home. He devoted his spare time to work on his father ' s farm. Immediately after his school training was completed, he worked for many years on the farm of his father. In 1886, his spirit of independence being stirred, he decided to shift for himself. He took up farming, and by 1903, was cultivating two hundred acres. At this time he became interested in the city of Belleville, to which he moved after renting his farm. Here he built a fine residence, then one of the finest in the city. Chiefly because of his busi- ness ability, he organized the Joseph Clothing Company, a firm that met with success. The subject of this sketch was married to Elizabeth A. Hermann, on October 27, 1886. This lady, who was born on January 11, 1868, near the New Athens Township, was the daughter of Philip Hermann and Catherina Darmstatter. The couple, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph, were blessed with one child. Alma Margareta, who was born on January 10, 1890. She was married, on September 16, 1908, to Elmer Needles. A son was born, but after the death of Mrs. Needles, he was adopted by his grandparents. After the death of his daughter, in April, 1918, Mr. Joseph sold his residence and business in Belleville, and then, feeling the call of the farm, he moved back to his old, beloved home- stead. The land around his home consists of three hundred and fifty acres. It is considered to be the most fertile and best in St. Clair County, producing an abundance of crops each year. The enormous size of the farm does not permit Mr. Joseph to handle it alone; therefore, he has two renters on it. The residence on the farm is a thing of beauty. With its graceful lines, blending with the surrounding of the fruits of Mother Nature, and its strictly modern improvements, it indeed marks a place to be envied. Mr. Joseph is one of the most devoted members of the Evangelical Church. He was one of the directors of the school board, an office that he has held for many years. In 1926, at the urgent request of the St. Clair Democratic Central Com- mittee, he made a run for county clerk on their ticket, and in spite of the fact that this is normally a Republican county, he made an excellent showing — one of the best ever made. As becomes a true farmer, the recreation th.it Mr. Joseph indulges in most is hunting. He and his wife are very highly respected and well-loved by all who have come in contact with their hospitality and friendship. Fne Hundred and Seventy-Four MC KENDREE THE C C. REV. CLAUDE C. HALL— D. D. ' HE POWERFUL personality, keen intellect, and vig- orous service of Dr. C. C. Hall, one of the outstanding Methodist clergymen of Southern Illinois, has won the respect and confidence of all who know him. The faith that his conference has in his ability was expressed when, in 1916, 1920, 1924, and again in 1928, he was elected del- egate to the General Conference, three times heading his delegation. At the General Conferences of 1920 and 1924, Dr. Hall was elected a member of the Book Committee of the Methodist Episcopal Church. While District Superintendent, Dr. Hall was a represen- tative of the Centenary Missionary Campaign of the M. E. Church. Under his leadership, the East St. Louis District carried its full quota, the lone achievement of its kind in Southern Illinois. In recognition of his ability, he was made Special Representative of the Centenary Campaign for the state of Arkansas, which also responded to his inspiration and met its full quota. Dr. Hall has been treasurer of the Mutual Preachers ' Benefit Association since its organization in 1911, as well as chairman of the Orphanage Board for eleven years. He is chairman of the Publishing Committee of the Southern Illinois Conference, and chairman of the Conference Board of Trustees. As superintendent of the orphanage in Mt. Vernon, Dr. Hall has rendered incalculable service. All indebtedness on the new unit erected during his administration has been erased. He has also been superintendent of the Mt. Carmel District. For the past twenty years. Dr. Hall has devoted much HALL FAMILY time and energy to McKendree College. At present, he is President of the Joint Board of Trustees and Visitors, which position he has held since 1923. He has been a member of the Executive Committee since 1916, and he served on the special committee for the building of the college dormitories. In his time he has been connected with the building or remodeling of all the buildings on the campus. Dr. Hall was born m Hopkins County, Kentucky, on April 20, 1871. He was licensed to preach at the age of twenty-three. Two years later he was married to Miss Katherine Elizabeth Young. The union was blessed with two sons and a daughter. The eldest son, Benjamin Henry, was graduated from McKendree in 1920. He successfully coached football, basketball, and track at Momence, and Zeigler, Illinois, and Owatonna, Minnesota. The other son, John Crow, is now the baseball coach and assistant football and basketball coach of McKendree College. He received his A. B. degree in 1927. The daughter, Ruth Lucille, a Washington University graduate, is the wife of Dr. Clyde McNeill, who is a graduate of Johns Hopkins, a physician who did post graduate work in Berlin, Germany, and who, at present, is an expert diagnostician of Louisville, Kentucky. Mrs. Hall has always been very active in the missionary society and church work. She has been Superintendent of the Standard Bearers for five years at Mt. Vernon, and was Superintendent of the same organization for several years at East St. Louis when Dr. Hall was District Superintendent there. Dr. Hall is a Knight Templar Mason, a thirty-second de- gree Scottish Rite and also a Shriner. Fne Hundred and Sei ' enCyFne rfMc kendr e ... _.„ FRED G. FISCHER QR. Fred G. Fischer is one of the leading merchants in Dupo, and has been engaged in the general mer- chandise business here for fourteen years. Before that time he was a teacher in St. Clair County for eight years until he moved into Dupo and began dealing in real estate and insurance. Mr. Fischer, the son of a farmer, was born on a farm in Stookey Township on March 21st, 1885, and received his early education in a public school of this township. After completing the grade school course, he at- tended Illinois State Normal University, at Normal, Illinois, for four terms and prepared himself for the teaching pro- fession, which he followed until 1912. His father, Fred N. Fischer, was born on Feb. 24th, 1858, and spent all of his active life on a farm in Stookey Township. Since his retirement he has been living with his son, Fred, in Dupo. His wife, Catherine Plugmacher Fischer, bore to him three children, and died on June 5th, 1890. While still teaching, Mr. Fischer married, on June i6th, 1907, Miss Carrie D. Doerr, who is now the mother of four children — Harold, Mable, Raymond, and Warren — born March 13th, 1908, March 10, 1914, November 24th, 1916, and Sept. 5th, 1925, respectively. Mrs. Fischer was born in Sugar Loaf Township on April 20th, 1886, and was one of six children of George Doerr and Caroline Kraus, both of whom have been dead for many years; the mother passed away March 15th, 1903, and the father on June 4th, 1916. Before her marriage to Mr. Fischer, Miss Doerr was given a fair education in the public schools of her township. The year after he located in Dupo, 111., Mr. Fischer made his venture into the general merchandise business; this was in 191 3. He met with encouraging success in this business, and in 1917 bought property and had an up-to-date building constructed, in which he now operates. In this modern store building is to be found i complete stock of general merchandise — dry goods, shoes, notions, gents ' furnishings, etc. Besides this investment, he owns other property in Dupo, as well as a citrus orchard in the lower Rio Grande Valley. He is one of the stock holders in the local Building and Loan Association. He served as a member of the Village Board of Trustees for a number of years. For five years he was president of the Dupo School Board, and is now the president of the new Community High School Board, of which he was also the secretary for one year. His interest in education is clearly seen by the above record, and by the further fact that he has been a member of the Board of Education in his town for thirteen ye.irs. He was elected Tax Collector for Sugar Loaf Township in 1926, and still holds that office. Mr. Fischer is more than a business man — he is an active proponent of education and a fraternity man as well. He is a member both of the Odd Fellows and the Masonic Order, in the latter of which he has advanced to the degree of Shriner. For the past twenty years, in connection with his other business, he has dealt in real estate and insurance, which experience has developed in him qualities of a com- petent real estate and insurance salesman. He is considered one of Dupo ' s most prominent citizens. Mr. Fischer finds time from his many interests to enjoy his particularly preferred sports, which are fishing and hunt- ing. If he has a special hobby, it is participating in those sports. He is greatly interested in the welfare of Dupo — m its schools, in its business, in its material growth, and in its general prosperity. Perhaps no one has worked harder for his particular community than has Mr. Fischer for the city of Dupo. And it is naturally to be expected that one who has contributed so generously his interest and his time to this community, and who is still in early middle life, will live many years more to render useful service to the same. MRS. FANNIE E. JOLLY QCKENDREE College is very fortunate in having for her friend Mrs. Fannie E. Jolly, a noble woman with such a love for humanity and with a heart so generous that not only McKendree, but also Wesley Foun- dation has substantially felt the effect of her philanthropy. Mrs. Jolly was born on January 25, 1857, in Grayville, Illi- nois. She received her elementary education in the public school of Grayville, and in the term of ' 75- ' 76 attended South- ern Illinois Normal University, at Carbondale. The following five years were spent in teaching school. In 1890 she was mar- ried to Mr. John B. Jolly. Two years later, a son. Mayo, was born to them. After a few years of supreme happiness, little Mayo, who was a brilliant, lovely lad, full of sunshine and joy, passed into the Great Beyond. His loss was a terri- ble blow to his mother, his father, and to his friends who loved him so well. President Cameron Harmon preached the funeral sermon, in which he expressed beautifully the ac- tions of Mayo during his brief life. It was Reverend Har- mon ' s first sermon, for Grayville was his first pastorate after leaving college. A memorial, known as the Mayo Jolly Memorial, at the Wesley Foundation, in Urbana, has been erected in loving memory to the lad who died so soon. Five Hundred and Sa ' cntv-Si.t S s:s During the p.ist years, Mrs. Jolly has been actively engaged m missionary work. She organiz- ed the Foreign Missionary Socie- ty of GrayviUe, and has always been a capable leader in this so- ciety. For eleven years Mrs. Jolly held otRce as District Secretary, w-hile, during the past years, she has held other district offices. In 1919 she was a delegate to the Golden Jubilee of Foreign Missions held at Boston. Mrs. Fannie Jolly is now living with her sister, Mrs. Margaret Lauterman. They are a very delightful and loving pair of Grayville pioneers. McKendree College is deeply indebted to them, for each of these kind sisters has given this institution considerable gifts. During the presidency of Dr. John Harmon, the subject of our sketch was a trustee of the college, and has always been, m many ways, a staunch supporter. The life story of Mr. John B. Jolly, Mrs. Jolly ' s husband, now deceased, is inspiring. His parents, Stephen and Mar- garet Dunn Jolly, came from England in 1820, and settled first in Evansville, Indiana, but later moved to Albion, Edwards County. John was born in Albion on August 16, 1824. At various intervals, for eleven years, he attended schools that were kept up by subscription. On April i ;, 1847, he settled in Grayville. Mr. Jolly went into the dry goods business in a partnership with Mr. Walter Mayo, under the name of Mayo and Jolly. The death of Mr. Mayo m 1878 dissolved the partnership and Mr. Jolly then devoted his interests to the lumber business. After a few years John B. Jolly went to Georgia, where, with Mr. Abner Carey, he was a dealer in wheat. When the feeling in the South ran high, Mr. Jolly deemed it unwise and unsafe to remain, so he returned to his large estate of approx- imately seven hundred acres in the vicinity of Grayville. Mr. Jolly was a consistent member of the Washington Temperance Society; he belonged to the Republican party. He always thought a great deal of his relatives and assisted them in various ways. For one term he was president of Gray- ville, an office in which he exerted splendid efforts. Although he was not a member of any church, Mr. Jolly was a very liberal supporter of the Methodist Episcopal Church, for he was always interested in her welfare and prosperity. He was indeed a man of lofty ideals, with a high degree of moral sen- sibility. Always a gentleman, courteous, Mr. Jolly was a splendid model of manhood, dignity, and propriety. jLJ) FANNY E., MAYO AND JOHN B. JOLLY As little girls often do, F.mny (Mrs. Jolly) thought of Mr. Jolly as her sweetheart because he romped with her, although he was then a grown man. He, on the other hand, held great delight in her girlhood admiration. Many years later, after the death of two former wives, each of whom he had called his own for but .1 short time, the early mutual admiration grew to something more serious, and the childhood sweetheart became his loving wife and companion. The son of Mr. J. B. Jolly by his first marriage, John F., was a resident of Olney, Illinois, during the greater part of his life. At one time he was mayor of Olney. Besides having extensive orchard interests, he was in the hardware business. Mr. J. F. Jolly survived the death of his father only four months, leaving a wife and a daughter, Georgie Elizabeth, who is now Mrs. G. E. McMahon, of Olney. And now, until the happy reunion of the family m Hea- ven, Mrs. Fanny Jolly waits patiently here cheering the un- happy, helping the needy, and living a noble Christian life. WILLIAM MUSER iLn, ' M MusER was born m St. Louis on June 6th, 1862, one of the six children of Steven S. Muser ind Anna M. Reiter, natives of Germany. William Muser obtained an education in the public schools and worked for his father until he was twenty-two, when he married (October 9th, 1884), moved to Lenzburg and began work in the coal mines. In 1887 he quit the mines and went into the creamery business, first as an employee of Mr. W. M. Lyons m Lenzburg until 1914, and then as owner of the busi- ness for two years. He sold his creamery in 1916, and again took up mining, in which he is still actively engaged. Mrs. Muser, who was, before her marriage, Anna M. Steinheimer, was the daughter of Daniel Steinheimer and Mary Winter, and was born near Lenzburg, January 1 }, 1867. Mr. and Mrs. Muser are the parents of nine children — Mmnie M. born 1887, is married to R. J. Patton; William D. born in 1889, is married to Louisa Deutchmann; Anna M. was born m 1891 and is now Mrs. WiUiaiti Tetter; Rose B., now Mrs. Eugene Zerf, was born m 1893; Sophia C. and Emma C, born m 1896 and 1902, respectively, are single and both are teaching school; their seventh child, Arthur, was born in 1904, and the next, OHver, m 1907. Both are unmarried, and the latter is attending the Southern Illinois at University, at Carbondale. Luett.i, the youngest, was born in 1909, and is nursing in a Jewish Hospital. Mr. Muser owns a home in Lenzburg and some farm property besides. He has been a member of his school board for thirty years, and president of the Lenzburg Consolidated Schools for five years. For twelve years he served on his village board, and was for six years its president. He was township assessor for ten years, collector in his township for two years; postmaster for eight years, and has held the office of Notary Public for twenty years. Mr. Muser is a Modern Woodman and a chairman in this order for sixteen years. He has been president of the Lenzburg Fire Depart- ment from the time it was first organized. He has indeed served his community well. GEORGE F. WANGELIN vi EORGE F. W. ' NGELiN, Well known and retired business man, lives at 1301 East B. Street, Belleville. Born September 26, 1862 at Lebanon, Illinois, son of Chas. F. and Lucinda A. Eckert Wangelin. His father was born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1841; moved to Lebanon, Illinois, and thence to St. Louis, where he engaged in the manufacture and wholesale of hats and caps. From 1870 to 1875 he lived in Jefferson City, Missouri, operating a furniture establish- ment under the firm name of Mayberg and Wangelin. He moved to Belleville in 1875, where he died in June 188 ' i: the mother lived until 1915. Six children were born to them. George was educated in the public schools, and in Mc- Kendree College where he took a business course, and w orked as a railway mail clerk for six years. He started in business in 1890, as a partner of his brother Harry, operating a whole- sale and retail candy fruits establishment, but sold out in 1910 and retired to his present home. Until 1906, he lived with his mother. On Dec. 6th, 1906 he married Florence C. Schaefer, daughter of Philip and Catherine Fruth Schaefer of Belleville. Florence was one of their four daughters, and was born on August 20th, 1881. Georgie Wangelin, only daughter.of Mr. and Mrs. George Wangelin was born August 5th, 1907, was educated in the Belleville public schools, graduated from the Lindenwood Academy at St. Charles, Missouri and studied for a while in McKendree College. Mr. Wangelin is a Mason and a Shriner and Knight Temp- lar of this order. Since 1906 he has served as treasurer of the St. Clair Township. For twenty years, on his twelve and one half acres adjoining his fine residence he has built a green •i f % ■■B ■■■■I H THE G. F. WANGELIN FAMILY house in which he raises a great variety of beautiful flowers. His special hobby is the collecting of Indian relics and of old and rare coins and paper money. WILLIAM T. GLENN HFTER spending a number of years m the teaching pro- fession, Mr. Wm. T. Glenn bought the eighty acres of land located on Rural Route No. 2, near O ' Fallon, 111., and started farming, which occupation he still follows. He was born in a family of seven children, the son of Thomas Glenn and Hannah Phillips, on August 28th, 1864. It was after he had reached middle life and had married, that his parents died, the father on Oct. 7th, 1898, and the mother on Feb. 27th, 1907. Mr. Glenn, upon finishing a course in the grammar schools, taught for five years in St. Clair County, and then entered the Normal at Carbondale, continuing his studies here until his graduation in 1893. Again he took up teaching, followed this for a year, and then decided to study law, which, after studying for one term in McKendree College, he gave up to become a farmer. In 1895 he bought the eighty acres which he now owns, and on August 28th of that year (his birthday) he was married to Miss Grace Jones, whose par- ents, Alfred Jones and Cornelia Houser, were descendants of old and prominent fimilies, and who reared a family of four children. It is interesting to note that the parents of both Mr. and Mrs. Glenn are descendants of prominent colonial families. Mrs. Glenn was born near O ' Fallon on April 7th, 1874, and received her education in the schools of O ' Fallon and in McKendree College. Mr. Jones gave to all four of his children the advantages of an education in McKendree. The father died on May 14th, 191?; and on April 17th, two years Liter, his good wife followed him. Fne Hundred and Saetitv-fiight IfMC KENDREE There have come into the home of Mr. and Mrs. Glenn four children. Leroy was born on Oct. 20th, i8g6, and after attending the O ' Fallon public schools, studied for a time in McKendree. Halcyon G., their second child, was born on August 9th, iQoo. She is a graduate of the C.irbondale Normal. Carrie, born on March 27th, 1904; and Constance, the youngest daughter, born on Dec. 9th, 1907, have both recently been students at McKendree. Mr. Glenn had to work hard to obtain his education, and he and Mrs. Glenn have shown their interest m education by giving to their children the best schooling within their reach. They have in this way rendered to their community and to society a definite and valuable service. THE W. T. GLENN FAMILY WILLIAM B. SCHAUMLEFFEL HE SUBJECT of this sketch is another farmer who has been well rewarded for his knowledge of ag- riculture, and his practical application of this sci- ence. He was born on the old Stookey farm in St. Clair Township, on January 31, 1883, a son of William B. and Nancy E. (McGuire) Schaumleffel. At the age of eighteen the former began teaching. Five years later he studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced his profession in Belleville and East St. Louis. He rented a farm in 187S, and lived on it until his death in 1927. There were two children in this family, one of whom is the subject of this sketch, William B., Jr. This gentleman received his education in the public schools and in the Commercial College in Belle- ville, from which he was graduated in 1900. Immediately after graduation he worked on his parent ' s farm. In 1904, he rented the old Stookey farm, where he worked for himself; in 1932 he bought this farm, which has been extended to one hundred and eighty acres. This piece of land is very fertile and is recognized as one of the finest in this section C HE PRO lj difficult of the state. Mr. Schaumletfel was married on February 24, 1904, to Jessie Isabelle Hughes. She was born on December 12, 1890, and is a Belleville High School graduate; she also attended the commercial college here. As a telephone oper- ator she was made chief of the long distance board in her city. This couple have proven themsslves to be the wonder- ful parents of two sons. The first is Hubert L., born on July 13, 1911; the other is William B., Jr., born on January 18, 1 91 4. Both of these boys are high school students in Belleville. Mr. Schaumleffel has served on school boards, on which he was elected ten years ago. He is a stockholder in the St. Clair National Bank, is the vice-president and a director in the St. Clair County Farm Bureau, and a member of a Grange. He is popular, well respected, and trusted by the people who have come into his circle of acquaintance. JAMES LEAHY PROBLEM ot protecting the people is a very one. In East St. Louis, one of Illinois ' largest cities, the care of the people has been entrusted to James Leahy. As an officer of the law he has a fine record, hav- ing received his present position through his courage and sa- gacity when handling breakers of the law. He was born on April 7, 1879, in East St. Louis, a son of Thomas and Katie Leahy. After attending the public and parochial schools, he started working for the Illinois Central, m 1898, as a locomo- tive fireman. Six years later he resigned and accepted a position as railroad clerk with the Big Four. In 1908, Chief Leahy began duty as a patrolman, but the success of his efforts soon greeted him with a position as detective-sergeant. While a detective he studied finger prints, learned very rapidly, and then received, m 1922, the position of Chief of Detectives. Five years later his boyhood ambitions were realized when he was appointed Chief of Police. Now he holds charge over both the police and detective departments. On April 30, 1918, Chief Leahy was united in marriage with Nel lie Horrigan, who was born m Erie, Pennsylvania, on Nov. 17, 1879, a daughter of John and Elizabeth Horrigan. Both were popular m St. Louis, having had a wide circle of acquaintanceship. Mrs. Leahy attended the public and par- ochial schools of St. Louis. Throughout East St. Louis, Chief Leahy is known and liked by all except those who are adverse to the law. He has many friends, is popular, and highly respected. One especially favorable thing about Chief Leahy is that he has received his present position only on the strength of his Fiie Hundred and Sn ' enty-?{me MC KENDREE brilliant record, the pages of which are marked by a series of deeds of courage that have rendered a splendid service to the people of the city. CHARLES T. HATTEN BAR OUT in the wintery land of Alaska, where the cold winds roar, and the snow is deep, lives Rev. Charles Theodore Hatten, a missionary. He is super- intendent over the Jesse Lee Home, in Seward, a family of one hundred and thirty children, ranging from two to eight ' een years of age. Among these there are twenty-five Eskimo children, twenty full blood Aleuts, and the rest are mixed Eskimo, Aleut, and Indian, with English and Scandinavian. Rev. Hatten was born in Noble, Illinois, December 21, 1891. He received his common and high school training in Jasper and Vermillion Counties, Illinois. After attending Olivet University, of Olivet, Illinois, he entered McKendree and was graduated in 1917. During the war he served as sergeant in Company A, i6ist Inf. He is a member of the American Legion at Seward, Alaska, and of the International Lodge, No. 1 218, L. O. O. M, at Hyder, Alaska, and of Orchard Ledge, No. 2co, A. F. £s A. M., at Opportunity, Washington. In 1912, Rev. Hatten was married to Miss Myrtle Can- terbury, of Newton, Illinois. The happy couple were blessed with four children — Thoburn Weaver, Canterbury Thee, Myrtle Hope, and Edith Ann. Rev. Hatten entered the Southern Illinois Conference in 1912 and was transferred to the Columbia River Conference in 1917, and then in 1924 to the Puget Sound Conference and was appointed missionary at Hyder, Alaska. The last six years of Rev. Hatten ' s life have been extended along missionary lines. From 192 1 to 1924 his time was spent at Nespelem, Washington, headquarters of the Colville In- dian Reservation as missionary, working under the Joint Committee on Indian Work of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions and the Woman ' s Home Missionary Society. During the following eighteen months he was at Hyder, Alaska, a new mining camp at the head of the Port- land Canal, in the extreme southern part of Alaska, joining British Columbia, working under the Board of Home Mis- sions and Church Extension. While here he collected pictures and material at the request of the late D. D. Forsythe for an illustrated lecture, portraying the work of the Methodist Church in Alaska. In June, 1926, he was appointed superintendent and Mrs. Hatten assistant superintendent of the Jesse Lee Home, at Seward. The Jesse Lee Home was established by the Wo- man ' s Home Missionary Society, at Unalaska, Alaska, in 1890, and moved to Seward in 1925. New buildings were erected at Seward at the cost of $107,000.00. Rev. Hatten has added $10,000.00 in buildings and improvements to this great institution in the past two years. The society owns here 107 acres of land, 20 acres of which were donated by the city of Seward, and the rest sold by the Federal govern- ment to the society for homestead prices. Plans a ' e to make Jesse Lee Home a great industrial home and school, teaching the coming generation of Alaskans, as represented in these 1 3,0 orphan children, a number of essential and valuable in- dustries, such as farming, stock-raising, poultry raising, dairy- ing, carpentry, engineering, domestic science and household arts. The annual budget of the home exceeds $30,000.00 The Territory of Alaska has built this last year for the children of the home a thoroughly modern public school at a cost of $20,000.00 and furnished four grammar school teachers at a cost of $5,000.00 annually. On the staff of the home there are thirteen well-trained teachers that come from Kansas, Indiana, Illinois, Oklahoma, California, Washington, Oregon and New York, each a specialist in his line. Mrs. Hatten has done work during her life very similar to her husband ' s — preaching, teaching, and general mission- ary work. She received her early schooling, including high school, in Jasper and Vermillion Counties, Illinois. Her higher education for two and one half years at Olivet University, at Olivet, Illinois. She was graduated from the School of Expression of McKendree College in 1917. 11928 Fiie Hundred and Eighty w Rev. and Mrs. Hatten find their work extremely inter- esting. Although far from their original home, they are very happy with their family of four children plus one hundred and thirty of Alaska ' s children. SCHWARZ BROS. FURNITURE AND UNDERTAKING CO. HE ABOVE FIRM is under the management of Leonard E., and Matt K. Their father, Mathias Schwarz, bought this business of Charles Ruedlm m 1894, and ran it with success, first as its sole manager, and later with his sons as partners, under the name of M. Schwarz Sons. He had, by his wife, Carrie Huber, four sons and two daughters. George N. Schwarz, the other son, has his life briefly sketched on another page m this volume. Henry Schwarz, an employee of the present firm, was born Sept. 19, 1887, received his early education m the pub- lic schools, and took up the study of embalming m the Mass- achusetts College of Embalming in 1899, and graduated from the National School of Embalming in 1902. He studied this work also in the H. S. Eckles and in the Barnes Colleges. At fourteen he was a licensed embalmer, and now holds eight certificates for courses completed in this art. He was married on June 7, 1908, to Louisa Schmidt, and has three children — Helen, Henry M., and Edith. He is an Evangelical, a good singer, and a member of the Odd Fellows. Leonard E. Schwarz was born at Anna, 111., Sept. j, 1891, was educated in the public schools and m the Columbia Commercial College, married Hazel Verbeek, and by her has two children — Nidra Hazel and La Dons Rose. He has charge of the furniture department of the firm. He is a Mason and a Knight of Pythias. Matt K. Schwarz, an embalmer and funeral director, was born April 19, 1896, educated in the public schools, in the Rubicam Business College, and in the American School of Embalming, graduating from the latter m 191 5. On Sept. 15, r92i he was married to Miss Lavina E. Pfeifer. JULIUS T. WILDERMAN i ULius T. WiLDERMAN IS another successful farmer of 1 Freeburg. He was born near this city on the Wilderman homestead on March 10, 1864, a son of John C. Wilder- man, who was one of the prominent agriculturists of the Freeburg Township, well-respected and known to be a pleas- ant, genial man, with a host of friends. The subject of this sketch attended the public schools and was graduated in 1886 from the Gem City Business College, of Quincy, Illinois. He came back home, worked for his father, and, in 1887, started THE J. T. WILDERMAN FAMILY farming on land th.it he had purchased from his parents. On December 20, 1887, Mr. Wilderman was married to a fine young woman — Etta Belle Fnizier. She was born on October 23, i86 ;, in Ursa, Illinois, a daughter of Lemuel G. and Margaretta E. Ahalt Frazier. The couple were blessed with three children: Lora M., was born on January jo, 1889, and later was married to Sherman C. Stookey; Dovey E., August 29, 1890, married to Dr. John D. Stookey, who died in 1914; and Lester G., October 22, 1900, married to Marione E. Garvey, of lUiopoIis, Illinois. Mr. Wilderman and his family are members of the Meth- odist Church, and have always been good church-goers. He is a member of the Modern Woodmen, and is known by his acquaintances to be a hard-working, conscientious man with a deep love for his family and an interest m the welfare of his community. HERMAN H. KUNZE EERM. VN H. KuNZE IS One of the sons of G. William Kunze (died July, 1911), and a brother of J. C. F. Kunze, whose biography will he found elsewhere m this history. Herman was born on the old Kunze farm near Marissa on March 8, 1879, was educated in the public schools, and after working for a short time on the farm, he went to Colorado in iqo ' ;, worked for a railroad company for three months, and went to San Francisco and to many other places in the West. He returned to St. Clair County, secured employment as a plumber with the Carr Supply Co., of Belleville, and worked here five years, until 1912. On Sept. 1 2th of this year he married Miss Bena Metzenbacher, and Five Hundred and Eighty-One cs g S their only daughter, Helen M., was born the following year, on July 27. Mrs. Kunze is the daughter of Chas. Matzen- bacher and Kate Yung; the former was born at Syracuse, N. Y. in 1850, but the mother was born in this state, in Perry County, in 1857. The father was a reputable farmer, and ran a farm near Pinckneyville for many years; he retired in 1915, and has since lived in Marissa. His daughter, Mrs. Kunze, was born at Pinckneyville, on the 23rd of August, 188 j; six other children were born in the home. After his marriage, Mr. Kunze started as an independent plumber in Marissa. He is the only plumber in this city, and does work over an extensive territory within a ten mile radius. For a time he was a partner of Mr. Campbell, and operated under the firm name of Kunze and Campbell, as building contractor, but withdrew from this work in 1924. Mr. Kunze owns over two hundred acres of land which is rented out. He owns residence property in Marissa. He is a member of the Country Club and of the Evangelical Church. His has been an active life. ARTHUR J. MOLLMAN HRTHUR J. MoLLMAN was bom on September 29, 1874, m Mascoutah, Illinois. After graduation from the public schools, he was employed for seven years in the printing and publishing business by Carl Montag, the publisher of the Mascoutah Herald. After serving another year with Fred Kraft, publisher of the East St. Louis Demo- crat, he and his brother, Fred Mollman, bought this firm. One year later, in 1898, Mr. Mollman moved his plant to Mascoutah and published the Mascoutah Times, a paper that adhered to the principles of the Republican party. After fo ur years he sold out to Mr. Montag, went to St. Louis, and was employed by the C. P. Curran Printing Company. In 1916, he resigned, came to Millstadt and bought the Millstadt Enterprise, of which he is now publisher. Mr. Mollman married Alma C. Lill, on September 29, 1897. The couple have six children: Gilbert A., born on August JO, 1898, a University of Illinois graduate of the engineering school; Kenneth J., June 27, 1900, a Millstadt High School graduate, who worked for his father many years, serving five of these as manager, and who, in 1917, bought the Prairie State Tribune, of Assumption, Illinois; Richard A., April 8, 1902, a press and linotype operator for his father; Carl E., March 14, 1904, a draftsman from the David Rankin Trade School; Margaret E., July 11, 1905, an assistant post- master; and Louise E., June 24, 1914. Mr. Mollman was the president of the school board. He is one of the organizers and charter members of the Commercial Club. He is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, and has been the secretary of the Modern Woodmen for twenty years. During the war he was chair- man of the Red Cross of the Millstadt branch. Mr. Mollman IS popular with and well -respected by his friends. GEORGE M FEURER EG. M. Feurer, of New Athens, is a twin brother of IV I Grover Feurer, whose biographical sketch appears elsewhere in this history, and also a brother to J. H. Feurer. All the brothers were born on a farm near New Athens, George on January 17, 1885. He attended the public school of his neighborhood, and afterwards devoted his time to farm work, helping his father and brothers on the old home place. He continued running the farm after the other two brothers had left it and gone into business in New Athens, but in 1919 he too gave up farm Ufe and opened a soft drinks parlor in New Athens, and is still engaged in this business, although he has not disposed of the portion of the farm which belongs to him. He has bought the property in which he conducts his business. Mr. Feurer was married, on June 11, 1913, to Caroline Heinnch, the daughter of Joseph Hemrich and Catherine Truttmann, and one of the four children, born in Monroe County, 111., on Nov. 16, 1890. Her father was born in Belle- ville, 111. in i8 ' ;7, but after his father ' s death in 1864, the mother moved with her two sons to a farm in Monroe County, and there Joseph received his early education and worked on the farm until he was twenty-five when he mar- ried and began to farm for himself. In 1891 he bought sixty acres of land near New Athens, and farmed this until 1899, when he went into business in New Athens, where he still lives. His farm is rented out. He sold to his son-in-law, George Feurer, the business property which the latter now owns. The other children of Mr. and Mrs. Heinrich are: Mary E., now Mrs. Wm. Bennett, born June 27, 1882; Anna C, bom Oct. 28, 1884; and Louisa, born July 22, 1887, and now mar- ried to Theodore Probst. Mrs. Feurer is the youngest of their children. Mr. and Mrs. George Feurer have three children — Rose M. and Reta L. Mr. Feurer is a stockholder in the Farmers State Bank, and one of the directors of this bank. He put up the building which is being used for this bank, and also the Catholic Church Convent building in New Athens. f n c Hundred and Eightv-Tu-o THE CARL TRITT FAMILY w CARL TRITT Through earnest effort, the subject of this sketch has placed himself in a very comfortable position as contractor, a business in which he has met with splen ' did success. His integrity and business ability have enabled him to form the firm of Tritt Brothers, a company that handles big contracts with many different kinds of organizations. Carl Tritt was born on November 22, 1883, in Sweet Water Nebraska. He was a son of Joseph M. and Mary E. (Gibson) Tritt. The former was born in 1843, i Ohio. He took a homestead in Sweet Water, Nebraska, where he built a flour mill. His success was cut short when, m 1888, a cyclone destroyed not only the mill, but the village itself. He moved his family in 1890, to East Carondelet, Sugar Loaf Township, and settled here as a farmer. His knowledge of agriculture enabled him to enlarge his farm to nine hundred acres, a notable achievement for a man at that or any other time. Besides his farm interests, he was also engaged in the busi- ness of contracting. He built railroads and levees, one of which is the East Carondolet Levee, which he built in 1902. Three years later he moved to Belleville, where he continued in his occupation. After a noble life so well filled with con- structive work, he died. His death, which occurred on July 1, 190 , was the result of a railway accident. His wife, who was formerly Mary E. Gibson, of Summerfield, Ohio, was born there on January 2, 1848, and died on November 17, 1920. She was the mother of fourteen children, one of whom is the subject of this sketch. C:irl Tritt had little opportunity to acquire an education other than that offered in the public schools, but he over- came this handicap m later life by consistent study, obser- vation, and experience. His family moved from Nebraska to East Carondelet, where he attended school. At an early age he began to work under the employment of his father in the contracting business. When he was twenty-two years of age he was employed by the Tritt and Vogt firm. He worked until 191 1, and then started in this business under the firm name of Vogt and Company. On September 11, 1915, Mr. Tritt was married to Rose Schmidt, a daughter of Carl and Amelia (Roeder) Schmidt. Mr. Schmidt was born in Germany. He came to this country in 1881 and settled m St. Clair County as a coal miner. He died on May 20, 191 3. Mrs. Schmidt, who was born on February 29, i860, is still living, in Mascoutah. Mrs. Tritt was born on June 9, 1893, m St. Clair County. Mr. and Mrs. Tritt are parents of two children — Howard C, born on December 12, 1916, and Mary E., May 13, 1921. Both of these children show promise of attaining success in later life. In 1919, Mr. Tritt formed the Tritt Brothers Company. This firm has met with amazing success because of its effi- ciency and honesty when handling contracts. General road work, highways, and railroads are built by this firm ; most of these are built m Southern Illinois. Fraternally, Mr. Tritt is a Shriner in the Masonic Order, and an Elk. He has served on the school board for five years. He owns much bunness and residence property. His favorite sport IS hunting. As the employer of many people and a builder of roads, Mr. Tritt is recognized as a man who enjoys well-earned success and popularity. Fne Hundred and E.ghtv-Th; DR. GEO. R. HAVS MRS. GEO. R. HAVS J. H. FEURER MRS. J. H. FEURER DR. .AND MRS. GEORGE R, HAYS IT IS interesting to note how many of the successful men in the professions have been members of large families. Dr. Hays, of Marissa, Illinois, belongs to this class. His father, George Hays, a prominent Randolph County farmer, died October 4, 1890, and his mother, Mrs. Margaret Gray Cathcart Hays, some time later — January 7, 1917. Dr. Hays was born at Baldwin, Randolph County, December 17, 1870, and, after obtaining his common and high school education in the schools of Randolph County, Illinois, he entered the Beaumont Hospital Medical College of St. Louis, Missouri, and was graduated there in 1896. On the 19th day of May, 1897, he was married to Miss Rosetta McHatton and to them have been born four children: Marguerite Ethel, Thomas George, Robert Paul, and Mary Louise. Marguerite was graduated by the Univer- sity of Illinois in 192J. Thomas G. attended the University of Illinois and will be graduated by the University of Illinois Medical College of Chicago, Illinois in June of 1928. Robert P. and Mary L. are at present attending the public schools of Marissa, Illinois. Upon completing his medical course. Dr. Hays located at Oakdale, lUinois, May 6, 1896, and remained at this place until August, 1905, when he removed to Marissa, Illinois. He now resides here as a practising physician. Besides his practise. Dr. Hays has interests in the firm of Jensen and Hays Drug Company. Mrs. Hays, the daughter of Thomas McHatton and Isabelle Rutherford McHatton, was born near Baldwin, Illinois, August 16, 1874. Her father was a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Randolph County, Mrs. Hays, after com- pleting her education, taught school for a number of years. Dr. and Mrs. Hays have always manifested a great interest in Church and School. The Doctor has served several terms as a member of the board of trustees, in both the Oakdale and Marissa United Presbyterian Congregations, and at present is a member of this Board of the Marissa Congregation. Doctor Hays was the first president of the Board of Educa- tion of the Marissa Township High School, and was serving in this capacity during the erection of the original Marissa Township High School building. Mrs. Hays has always shown a great interest in church work. She officiated as Presbyterial Secretary of the Women ' s Missionary Society of Southern Illinois for fifteen years. She has also been a teacher in the Sabbath School for a number of years. Her educational interests are still keen, and at the present time she is serving as a member of the Board of Education of the Marissa Public Schools. J. H. FEURER ' WO FEURER BROTHERS are engaged in the auto- mobile and garage business in New Athens. A sketch of Grover, the brother of J. H. Feurer, appears also in this county history. J. l . Feurer was born near New Athens, June i6th, 1878, the son of Martin Feurer and Friedaricka Feurer, nee Forcade. He received a public school education, and began the life of a farmer, working for his father until 1900, when he rented his father ' s land and tilled the same for fourteen years. In 1914 he opened a feed store in New Athens, ran this for one year, and then took the agency for the Ford, Chevrolet, and Studebaker cars, and operated this with his two brothers as partners, under the firm name of the Feurer Bros. He sold out to his brothers in 1919, and started the business which he now owns, the J. H. Feurer Garage, and in connection with which he sells Studebaker cars. After establishing himself in this business, Fn e Hundred and EtghtyFow J. A. CAMPBELL, M, D. M. CAMPBELL, M. D DARMSTATTER MRS. DARMSTATTER he sold the farm, bought residence property m addition to his business place in New Athens, and is now running a very successful business here. Mr. Feurer was married August 22nd, iqoo to Magda- lena Fischer, the daughter of Adam Fischer and Magdalena Vogel Fischer. Her father came to the States in 1853, when but three years old; her mother was born in this country. The father is now retired from the farm and makes his home with his children; the mother died on Nov. nth, igi ;. Mrs. Feurer has borne to her husband four children — Fnedancka, who was born on Oct. 25th, iqgt; Viola, born May 6th, 1904; Wilson, born Feb. 20th, 191:,; and Louisa, born Jan. 28th, 1916. In 1924 Mr. Feurer was elected Mayor of New Athens, a position which he still holds. He is a member of the Evan- gelical Church. Although he is kept very busy with his duties as a gar- age proprietor and as Mayor of a thriving town, Mr. Feurer still finds time to engage in his choice sports — hunting and fishing. JOSEPH A. CAMPBELL, M. D. - ORN ON August 15th, 1882, in Marissa, the city where yyy he is now practicing, Dr. Joseph A. Campbell is the son of Joseph M. Campbell, who was also a physician. The father had his office in Marissa for many years, and when he retired in 1919, the son took over his father ' s practice. The latter now makes his home with his son. Joseph A. Campbell received his education in the Marissa public schools, and in the Marissa Academy, where he studied two years, and in Ewing College in which he also spent two years. His medical training was secured in St. Louis University, from which he graduated in 1906, and from this time until 191 J he practiced with his father. Then he was appointed superintendent of the Watertown State Hospital for the Insane, and in 1916 and 1917, held a similar position m the State Hospital at Anna, Illinois. Following this he served as Captain of a Medical Corps m the United States Army until 1919, and upon being discharged from the Service, returned to Marissa and took over the practice which his father had just given up. On the 8th of October, 1912, he was married to Elizabeth Wallingford of Bloomington, Indiana, and from this marriage he has one son, Joseph A. Campbell, Jr., who was born on September ist, 1914. Dr. Campbell was married, the second time, on June i6th, 1923 to Dixie G. Wakefield of Loveland, Ohio, and from this marriage has a daughter, Dixie Ann, born August 19, 1927. In politics. Dr. Campbell is a Democrat, and has served as a member of the County Central Democratic Committee. He is prominent in several local fraternal organizations — he is a Mason and a Shriner in this order; is a member of the Rotary Club; and belongs to the Modern Woodmen fraternity. The doctor is also a member of the American Legion, and of the Marissa Country Club, of which club he has been president. He IS one of the well-known and competent physicians of St. Clair County. LOUIS G. DARMSTATTER JHE LITTLE CITY of New Athens, Illinois, is un- doubtedly very fortunate m having for one of her citizens Mr. Loui s George Darmstatter, who has contributed no small amount of energy toward her success. He is a dealer in hardware and farm machinery, and has been the very able manager of the Farmers ' Supply Company, of New Athens since 1912. Since 1894 — for thirty-four years- he has held the position of school treasurer of his township. B Five Hundred and E.ghty-Fue |mc ken pre E : .... . . Mr. Darmstatter, a son of George and Elizabeth Reoder Darmstatter, was bom on a farm on November 27, 1866. He received his education in the Five Forks School of District No. 64. On October 15, 1891, he was married to Miss Emma Schaller. There are points regarding the life of Mrs. Darm- statter ' s father, John Schaller, that are interesting. He held a position of influence among the German- American citizens of St. Clair County, and was considered one of the most prosperous residents of Lenzburg Township. His good judg- ment and determination to succeed, coupled with good busi- ness, repaid his honest, unaided efforts with a large amount of land — seven hundred acres. Mr. Schaller ' s education was gained in the schools of St. Clair County. Although his learning was quite thorough and complete, by subsequent reading he became a well-informed man. His marriage oc- curred in 1863. Seven children were born to Mr. Schaller and his excellent wife, and one of these was Emma, now Mrs. Darmstatter. Every one of the members of this fine, large family proved to be active and progressive citizens of their community. Mr. Schaller may surely be classed as a man of enterprise, of zeal in his advocacy of the cause of justice and right, and of prominence in good works. Such, then, is Mrs. Darmstatter ' s family history. Mr. and Mrs. Darmstatter have always believed in a thoro education of their children and consequently we find that their daughter, Helen O., attended the University of Illinois in 191 5-16 where she met her husband. She is now Mrs. R. J. Moore, of Griggsville, 111. Their son, Elias, is now a Junior in the College of Commerce, University of Illinois. He is a member of Phi Gamma Delta, one of the oldest and most respected fraternities. The family belongs to St. John ' s Evangelical Church, and are all good church workers. For a great many years both Mr. Darmstatter and his wife have contributed substantially to their church and have exerted noble efforts that have aided their church materially. No small amount of their lives has been spent in such useful work. In politics, Mr. Darm- statter is an adherent to the principles of the Democratic party. He is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America. GEORGE C. VOELKEL One of those thrifty, industrious immigrants from north- ern Europe who form a large percentage of the staunch citi- zenry of today, was George C. Voelkel who came to this country from Hasloch Rheinfels, Germany. After arriving in St. Clair County he settled on a farm near Belleville, married Miss Anna M. Moser and reared a family of two girls and six boys. He died in Belleville at the : f,e of eighty-two years. GEORGE VOELKEL WALTER VOELKEL George Voelkel, his son, was born on his father ' s farm near Belleville, August 20, 1856. He attended the public schools of Belleville and at the age of sixteen took employment in the sheet metal business in St. Louis. On December 3, 1877, he married Charlotte Pustmueller and this union was blessed with eight children, two boys and six girls. Mr. Voelkel worked with sheet metal until he was twenty- four years old and then returned to Belleville to organize with his brother the present firm of Voelkel Brothers under the name which it now carries. Gustave Voelkel, George ' s brother, was made president of the firm, and George acted as secretary-treasurer, which position he still holds. The two brothers managed the business, which was incorporated in 1913, until the death of Gustave Voelkel on September 5, 1919, after which Walter Voelkel, Gustave ' s nephew, was made president of the firm. George Voelkel has worked hard all of his life and is still vigorous, enjoys perfect health, and is extremely industrious. He is connected with many organizations of a religious, patriotic, or fraternal nature, being secretary of the Belleville chapter of the Loyal Americans, a member of the Retail Merchants Association, a Modern Woodman, and for twen- ty-two years a trustse in his church. Walter Voelkel, president of the Voelkel Brothers Hard- ware Company, was born in Belleville, May 20, 1882. He attended the public schools of Belleville, and after graduat- ing from the Belleville High School in 1900, worked in the express company business in E. St. Louis, 111. for three years. He then spent one year with a general construction company in St. Louis, Mo., and in 1904 returned to Belleville to work in the sheet metal department of the Voelkel Brothers Com- pany. On November 22, 1911 he united in marriage with Miss Olivia S. Busiek. Two children, one boy and one girl, Fne Hundred and £iglit -Si.x have been horn to this union. In 1919, he was made president and general manager of the firm, and since then has purchased an interest in it as well as residence property in Belleville. Walter Voelkel is a hard worker, is well known in Belleville, and has been treasurer of the parish for nine years. By being industrious, aggressive, and conscientious m their business dealings, the members of the House of Voel- kel have each done their part m bringing the Voelkel Bro- thers Company to its present place of importance in the commercial life of Belleville. ERNEST C. ASBURY. M. D, t.y ' R. E. C. AsBURY, physician and surgeon, ot New JLJ Baden, 111., was born near O ' Fallon, Jan. 25th, 1889. His father, James W. Asbury, who now lives in New Baden, was engaged in the real estate and insurance business in O ' Fallon for a number of years, and previous to his entry into business, he taught school for twenty-three years in St. Clair County. The doctor ' s mother, Nellie G. Evans Asbury, died on the first of January, 1924. Dr. Asbury was graduated from the O ' Fallon High School in 1906, worked as a carpenter two years, and then went to McKendree College for three years. In 191 f he was graduated from the St. Louis University Medical School. He spent the two following years in the City Hospital of St. Louis, and, during the construction operations at Scott Field, in 1917, he took care of the accident cases there. He enlisted in the Army and was given the rank of First Lieutenant, and upon being discharged in 1918, located in New Baden. While a student in college and medical school. Dr. Asbury worked, during the vacation periods, as a carpenter. On June 30th, 1916, Dr. Asbury was married to Miss Nellie E. Smith, of St. Louis, an attractive and cultured young lady, the daughter of Charles and Ella Van Horn Smith. Her father has since died (May 5th, 1921); the mother is still liv- ing in St. Louis. Mrs. Asbury gradu.ited from the McKinley High School, and studied music m the Weltner ' s Conserva- tory of Music, in St. Louis. She is the mother of two fine girls, Virginia Ray, and Ruth Ellen, born June 29th, 191S, and May 2jrd, 1921, respectively. Both are enrolled in Mc- Kendree ' s School of Expression, Ruth Ellen having entered at the age of four, which gives to Dr. and Mrs. Asbury the proud distinction of having sent to McKendree the youngest pupil ever enrolled in this historic institution. Dr. Asbury is a good mixer, and active in many fraternal, social, and professional organizations. He is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, a member of the Eastern St ir, the Phi Rho Chapter ot the Phi Chi Medical Fraternity, the American Medical Association, the Illinois and Clinton County Medical Socie- ties, the Association of Surgeons for the Southern Railroad, and has served several terms as president of Clinton County Medical Society. While m college, he belonged to the Platon- lan Literary Soceity. He is a Methodist, an alert, competent physician and surgeon, a good father, and a staunch citizen , MILTON O. WILDERMAN C HE ROLLING, green fields, covered with their beau- T tiful vegetation, scent of fresh grass, droning insects, and chirping birds all these lovely things th.it sur- round a farmhouse— have highly appealed to Milton O. Wilderm.m, and have caused him to choose farming as his life ' s work. He was a son m a family of ten children. His father, William A. Wilderman, now deceased, was a splendid father to his large family, a highly respected citizen, and a keen advocate of religious work m his community. At the age of twenty-two, he enlisted and served for three years in the Union Army as first sergeant He served in the army until The subject of this sketch was born on October 19, 1867, on a farm near Belleville, m St. Clair County. His education was acquired in various public schools. After this, he worked for his father — years of good work that were a fine contribu- tion to the family. At the early age of twenty-two, Mr. Wilderman was united m matrimony to Mary E. Johnson, a fine young lady, who proved to be just as fine a mother to three children. The first child, Grace A., was born on Decem- ber 21, 1891. She died on November 21, 1918, after twenty- seven years of beautiful living. The second child, Maud E., was born on September 22, 1893, and is now happily married to Leonard Emery. The third child, a son, Roy J., was born on July 16, 1895. He was married in 1921, to Anita M. Niedenuehr. Mrs. Wilderman, a daughter of Vincent G. Johnson, was born on August 16, 1864. Her father, a descendant of old Fne Hundred and Eighty-Seven M. O. WILDERMAN MRS. M. O. WILDERMAN and prominent American families, was reared on a farm; was educated in Belleville High School; was married to Emily Moore in 1862, and at her death, to Pinelda C. Breese. He was, for a time, highway commissioner for his township. Mrs. Wilderman attended, at one time, Almira College, of Greenville, Illinois. Immediately after she and Mr. Wilder- man were married, the couple rented a farm near Belleville. In 1920, after several years of thriftiness and hard, conscien- tious work, the couple became owners of the farm — one hundred acres of verdant land. In addition to the above, the couple have become owners of a seventy-eight acre farm near Scott Field. Besides farming, the subject of this sketch is a trustee in the St. Clair Township School of St. Clair County, an office which he has held for the past twenty years. Throughout his life, Mr. Wilderman has lived in a way to be envied. Always kind-hearted, never harsh, he has securely won the deep respect and admiration of all who ever came in contact with him. ORVILLE C FRESHOUR ONE OF THE popular resorts for young people of Lebanon IS the Lebanon Drug Co ' s. store owned by Pr. O. C. Freshour. Mr. Freshour came to Lebanon in 1915, and purchased from L. L. Pfeffer the business which he now owns. He was born in St. Francisville, 111., on April ist, 1889. William Freshour, his father, died on April 6th, 1914; his mother, Alice Revelette Freshour, is still living at her home in St. Francisville. Mr. O. C. Freshour attended the public schools in St. Francisville, through three years of high school, and then entered the Valparaiso University, where he studied Pharmacy, and received his Ph. G. degree in 1912. For about three years after his graduation he was em- ployed in a drug store of his native city, and then he came to Lebanon to take charge of the store which he now has. ORVILLE C. FRESHOUR MRS. O. C. FRESHOUR Two years after locating here, Mr. Freshour was married to Miss Jennie Lyons, of St. Francisville, a young lady in whom he had been interested for some time. She is the daughter of Dr. W. A. Lyons (died in 1889), and of Elizabeth Saums, who makes her home with Dr. and Mrs. Freshour. After receiving her education in the schools of St. Francis- ville ( she was graduated from the high school in 1908), Mrs. Freshour studied one year in the Vincennes University of Indiana, and one year in the Forest Park University, of St. Louis. Two children have been born to this congenial couple. The daughter, Eleanor E., was born August 3rd, 1918; the son, William E., on August 31st, 1924. Eleanor attends the grade school here, and is well advanced in her studies, and shows marked ability for one of her age. The mother is a member of the Christian Church, of the Eastern Star, of which she is, at present, the Worthy Matron, and is an active member of other women ' s organizations in Lebanon. Mr. Freshour is active in several fraternities, business, and other organizations. He is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, a Modern Woodman, a Rotarian, a member of the local Com- mercial Club, and a K. P. He worships in the Presbyterian Church, of which he has long been a member. His pleasant nature, his courteous and fair business dealings, have won for him a host of patrons and friends. MOLL FURNITURE ? UNDERTAKING COMPANY I HE Moll Furniture and Undertaking Company of Mascoufcih was incorporated under its present name in September, 1910, when three members of the Moll family became the owners. This business was es- tablished in iS ;! by the Dathan family, who operated it for many years. Albert D. Moll, who acted as manager of the company, as well as secretary .md treasurer, until his death (Nov. Fwe Hundred and Eighty-Eight A. L. A. MOLL E. G. L. MOLL JAMES NEVIN MRS. JAMES NEVIN 5th, 1924), was the father of the present owners ot this company — A. L. A. Moll and Emmett G. L. Moll. He was a native of Mascoutah, horn on August i6th, 1870, edu- cated in the public schools, and began his working career on the fiirm, first, under his father ' s direction, and after- wards, from 1898 to 1910, as manager of his dairy farm. After going into business, he continued to direct the man- agement of his land. He learned the art of embalming in St. Louis, under Prof. George H. Schneve, and received his diploma in 1909. He was considered a skillful embalmer, and a very pleasant and courteous business man. His older son, A. L. A. Moll, was born in 1896, on the 2ist of October, secured his early education m the parochial school, and his higher learning m the high school and in a commercial college of St. Louis, after which he studied em- balming m the Worshman School of Chicago, graduating in 1918. On Nov. 23rd, three years later, he married Mary J. Weilbacher, by whom he has had six children, among these, two pairs of twins. Their names and birthdates follow; Josephine, Sept. 21st, 1922; Marcella and Albert, Feb. ist, 1924; Henry, March 14th, 1925; Leo and Dennis, May 15th, 1926. The father is a K. of C, C. K., L. of L, and a member of the American Legion. He served in the army as a buck private, and was discharged Dec. 31st, 1918. Emmett G. L. Moll was born June 9th, 1898, received an education in the parochial and high school similar to that of his brother and graduated from the Worsham School of Embalming in 1920. He married, on Oct. ist, 1924, Bertha G. Mittendorf, and one son has been born to them — Daniel H., on July 7th, 192 ' ;. The father is a member of the Belle- ville branch of the K. of C, C. K., and L. of L JAMES NEVIN ON THE 12th of May, 1912, Mr. George Nevin, one of the oldest and most respected citizens of Marissa, passed away at his home m this city. This good man was born in Ireland on Dec. 20th, 1821, immigrated to America with two brothers and two sisters in 1852, and settled on a firm near Marissa. On April loth, 1856, he was married to Mary Jane Hanna, a devoted Christian woman, who bore to her husband nine children. Mr. Nev m ' s first home in this country was a log house; soon after his marriage he moved to the old Nevin farm, now known as the James Nevin farm, and later to Nevin Hill, where he remained until 1900, when he retired from active farm labor and moved to Marissa, where he spent the last twelve years of his life. Mr. George Nevin was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and was reputed one of the happiest Christians of his time. His son, James Nevin, was born m Marissa, on Feb. 26th, 1857. After completing his education in the public schools, he worked for many years on his father ' s farm, and in 1886 began farming for himself. On July 29th of this year he was married to Maggie C. Hamill, the daughter of Archibald and Mary (McKnigh t) Hamill, who lived on a farm near Freeburg, 111. Maggie was born on Oct. 14th, 1866, one in a family of three children. She received a public school edu ' cation, and afterwards attended the State Normal at Car- bondale. 111. At the time of her marriage to Mr. Nevin, she was but nineteen years of age. Both of her parents have long since died, the father in March, 1875; the mother in May, 1879. James and Mrs. Nevin have one daughter. Pearl L., born on July 3rd, 1892. She is now the wife of Dr. Reed M. Shroyer, a dentist of Vincennes, Indiana .They have two boys. Fiie Hundred and Bghty-H ' cs: g s LOUIS E. McCLINTOCK ROBERT M Mr. Nevin left the farm in 1896, moved to Marissa, and joined with Mr. Wolter in opening a farm implement estab- lishment, which business he helped manage until 1902, when he sold out his share and went on the road as a traveling salesman of farm machinery. He has continued in this occu- pation up to the present time. Mr. Nevin still owns the old Nevin Farm, which he has rented out, and besides this, is the owner of residence property in Marissa. Mr. Nevin was elected Treasurer of Marissa Township in 1918, and still holds this office. He served as a member of School District No. 45 for a number of years. He IS a Mason and a member of the Presbyterian Church. LOUIS E. McCLINTOCK SINCE 1906, Mr. L. E. McClintock has been the owner of a planing mill at Marissa, Illinois, to which city he first came in 1900. He was born in Olathe, Kansas, April 15, 187 J, the son of Robert McClintock and Eliza Jane Redpath. David McClintock, the father of Robert McClintock, was born in County Donegal, Ireland, about 1812. Leaving Ireland, he spent part of a year in Glasgow, Scotland, then came to America, landing at New Orleans in 1850, where his mother died and was buried. Then he came up the Miss- issippi to Illinois and settled in Randolph County near Jor- dan ' s Grove in 185 1. His death occurred in 1867, his wife, Anna (Grier) McClintock, having died in 1853. Robert McClintock, who was born in 1844, enlisted m early manhood as a soldier in the Civil War m the 8oth Regiment Illinois Infantry and served m the Army ot the Cumberland. Being discharged in July, 1865, he returned to his home and followed his occupation of farmin;, ' until 1904, CLINTOCK P. C. OTWELL when he retired to Marissa. His wife passed away on July 20, 191 1. To them were born thirteen children, three of whom died in infancy. Louis Edward McClintock secured a public school edu- cation in Randolph County and then began working, first at the carpenters ' trade, and later in a planing mill at Sparta, Illinois, where he was employed until 1900. From Sparta he moved to Marissa and took employment in the mill of Mr. A. C. Elder, remaining in his plant until 1906, when he bought out the owner and began operating the mill for himself. Mrs. McClintock, to whom he was married on Febru- ary 17, 1913, was formerly Miss Cora B. White, the daugh- ter of James F. White and Ellen Hamilton, and was born in this county on September 6. 1875. An historical sketch of the White family appears on another page of this volume. Mr. and Mrs. McClintock have one boy. Dale E. McClintock. Besides the mill property, Mr. McClintock owns a fine residence in Marissa; and in addition to operating the plan- ing mill, he takes building contracts and engineers the con- struction of buildings. He is an active member of the United Presbyterian Church, a director in the Marissa Building and Loan Association and a member of the Marissa Township High School Board. P. C. OTWELL HE FATHER of P. C. Otwell was W. H. Otwell, of Carlinville, 111., a former student in McKendree College, a Civil War veteran, and a store-keeper in Plainview, 111. He died Aug. 21, 1917. The mother, who was formerly Miss Frances E. Brown, of Macoupin County, 111., studied in Monticello Seminary and afterwards taught school for a number of years. She is now eighty-two years old. Fne Hundred and A(met R W ROPIEQUET MRS R, W. ROPIEQUET CHRISTIAN KOLB P. C. Otwell was born at Pl.iinview , 111., on the nth day of October, 1888, and received his public school education there. Then he studied in Valparaiso University for several years, graduating from the school of science, with a B. S. Degree, in 1880, and from the law school, with the degree of LL. B. two years later. The following year he studied m the law school of Yale University, and received a diploma from this school also. After the completion of his law studies he came to Belleville, 111. to begin his law practice, first independently until 1Q14, and from that year until 1918 he was a partner in the firm of Otwell and Lindauer. Mr. Lind- auer is the present state ' s attorney of St. Clair County. Since 1918 Mr. Otwell has carried on an independent practice. On February 24, 191 3, Mr. Otwell was married to Clara I. Sahlender, the daughter of a merchant in this city. Two children have been born to them, the first, William G. on July 3, 1914, and the second, Mary F., on June 6, 1919. Both are attending school m Belleville. Mr. Otwell takes his recreation on the golf links when- ever weather conditions permit, and greatly enjoys this sport. He holds a membership in a number of fraternal and business organizations. He is a Mason, a Knight Templar, an Elk, a member of the Lion ' s Club. He is a capable lawyer, well- known and well-liked in Belleville, and enjoys a good prac- tice m this county. RICHARD W. ROPIEQUET BiCHARD W. RopiEQUET was bom at Belleville, Illinois, March 23, 1866. His father, Frederick Ropiequet, was for years prominent in the public and political life of St. Clair County, having been sheriff several times and coun- ty treasurer, as well as mayor of Belleville. His mother, Anna Wangelin, was a daughter of Col. Hugo Wangelm, a prominent German pioneer resident of the county, who won distinction in the Civil War. Mr. Ropiequet himself served m the Spanish American War. Educated m the public schools of Belleville and the Smith Academy of Washington University, he read law in the office of Charles W. Thomas and was admitted to the bar on March 21, 1887. In active practice since that date, dur- ing the Litter years Mr. Ropiequet has been specializing m Interstate Commerce practice, m which he has gained an enviable reputation throughout the country. Mr. Ropiequet has for years been a leader m Southern Illinois Methodism. He was the first president of the Belle- ville Epworth League, of the Lebanon District and Southern Illinois League, and served as president of the Illinois State Epworth League. He also has been active m Sunday School work, having been superintendent of the Belleville and East St. Louis schools. He is now the teacher of a large Men ' s Bible Class in the latter city. Mr. Ropiequet was also a trustee of McKendree. He was married April 14, 1889, to Mamie W. Crouch, of Belleville, of which union there was born Wilfred C. Ropiequet. On July 11, 1901, he married Florence W. Wag- ner of Flagler, Iowa, their children being Harold W., Mil- dred A., who attended McKendree, Marion F., the latter two now attending the Ohio Wesleyan, and Arthur C. Mrs. Ropiequet is a leader in Y. W. C. A. work. The family now reside in East St. Louis. KOLB BROTHERS, MERCHANTS HE KoLB Mercantile Company of Lebanon, 111. is under the management of two brothers, William Kolb and Christian Kolb. They are the sons of Killian Kolb and Marie Heilman, and both were born, reared and educated m Mascoutah. William was born on Oct. 17, 1869. After Fne Hundred and H ' netyOne MC KENDREE attending the public schools, he went to O ' Fallon, where he clerked in the store of Ernst Tiedeman for four years, and went from here to Venice and worked two years for Kohl Niemann. At the age of twenty he came to Lebanon, started in business here, and has continued in this business now for more than thrity-seven years. He is married and has four children. Mrs. Kolb, nee Elizabeth O. Bachmann, was born in Salem, 111., Sept. 15, 1869, the daughter of A. H. Bach- mann and Mary Bachmann, and was married to Mr. Kolb on Dec. 25, 1896. Marie, their first child, was born New Year ' s Day, 1898 and is now married to Glen Filley, athletic coach at McKendree College; Katherine, born in June, 1900, was graduated from the University of Illinois, and was recently married to Dr. C. Kurz, a prominent dentist of Carlyle, 111.; Charles W. was born Feb. 2, 1904; and the youngest, Pauline, on Dec. 20, 1914. The three oldest have been students in Mc Kendree College. Mr. Kolb is a member of the Lutheran Church and belongs to the K. P. Order. Christian Kolb was born May 28, 1876. After finishing the grade schools, he spent one year in the Mascoutah High School, and then six months in the Belleville Commercial Col- lege. In 1896, he came to Lebanon and went into business with his brother. He was married to Odelia Steidle of Lebanon, on October 23, 1899. His wife was born on the 4th of December, 1878, the daughter of Frank Steidle and Joan Burhart, both of whom have died. To Christian Kolb and his wife have been born two children — Edgar J., on June 7, 1906; and Roy C, on July i, 1903. The older son has studied in McKendree College about two years , and the younger son one year. Mr. Kolb is a member of the Evangelical Church, and one of the Deacons of his church and the secretary of the Church Board. He and his brother are congenial business men, and are well liked in Lebanon where they enjoy a large patronage both from the townspeople and from those in the surrounding country. WILLIAM C. DAUMUELLER Qo ONE CAN LIVE in Leb- anon for very long without becoming ac- quainted with one of her most progressive and most congeni, business men, Mr. W. C. Daumueller, the proprietor of a music, gift and confectionery store. His place of business is the pleasant resort of college and high school students in See building adjoining his music parlor for the display YESTERDAY particular. Here they gather to take delightful refreshments, to enjoy the best of music, or to purchase choice gifts for their friends. Mr. Daumuelier came to Lebanon in 1902 and open- ed his shop in the building which he now occupies. He has met with encouraging suc- cess, enjoys the patronage of scores of college students as well as his townspeople, and has recently been obliged to secure more room for his busi- ness, securing the old post ofl store, and uses this space as a and demonstration of his instruments Mr. Daumueller came here from Belleville, where he was born, and where he received his education. His father was George Daumueller, who was born in Stuttgart Wuertten- berg, Germany and came to this country on July 4th, i860 — embarking in the mining business and later in the dry goods and grocery business. He was married to Pauline Konzelman on January 3rd, 1861. Mr. Daumueller died on June 8th, 1897 — Mrs. Daumueller is still living in Belleville. On July 24th, 1906, W. C. Daumueller was married to Miss Alma Howe, a trained nurse, who had come to Lebanon in 1905 to take charge of a sanitarium here. She is the daugh- ter of F. D. Howe and Mary Roe Howe, and was born at Oswego, Kansas on November 27th, 1885. After the com- pletion of the grade and high school courses, she took four years in the training school for nurses in the Henrietta Hos- pital of East St. Louis, after which she came to Lebanon. Mrs. Daumueller takes delight in her home, in flowers and in good books. She is the mother of two daughters — Mar- guerite Mae, born August 27th, 1909 and Mary Pauline, born August 17th, 1915. Mr. Daumueller is a member of the Luthern Church and of the Icc.il Rotary Club, having served the past year as president of the Club. He is especially interested in good music and athletics. HON. BRUCE A. CAMPBELL POINTS which stand out most prominently in the ife history of Bruce Campbell are his renowned lea- dership in the profession of law and his active public service. He was born at Albion, Edwards County, Illinois, October 28, 1879, a son of Joseph M. and Amabel (Thomp- ©Ife Pne HiuiciT-ed and T metyTwo BRUCE A. CAMPBELL son) Campbell, both deceased. LIpon being graduated trom the high school and from the Southern Collegiate Institute, both in his native town, Mr. Campbell entered the Univer sity of Illinois. Here, he was elected to membership m the Smna Alpha Epsilon Fraternity and to Phi Bet i Kappa, and m 1900 he was graduated with the degree of B.ichelor of Arts. Taking up. then, the study of law in his father ' s office, he was admitted to the bar in 1901, and began practicing at Albion. After serving as City Attorney and as a Repre- sentative to the State Assembly, he came to East St. Louis in 1905 and became associated which Judge E. C. Kramer and R. J. Kramer, leading attorneys of St. Clair County, under the firm name of Kramer, Kramer 6? Campbell, which association has since continuously existed. Since then, m politics and m the legal profession, he has gained honorable distinction. He is a leader m the Democratic party, having been since 1902 a delegate to every state convention, and twice chairman of these conventions. In igio he was the Democratic nominee for Congressman of his district; he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention that nominated Woodrow Wilson for President; and in 1924 he was delegate-at-large to his party ' s convention held in New York City. He declined in igi j an appointment by President Wilson to serve as Assistant Attorney-General of the United States. During the war, he was a member of the Elks National War Relief Commission, and at the present, he is on a commission that recently built the $3,000,000 Elks ' War Memorial in Chicago. He is, and has been since its estab- lishment, on the Board of Directors of the Elks ' Maga2;ine. Mr. Campbell belongs to the East St. Louis, Illinois State and American Bar Associations, and has served as president of the East St. Louis and State Associations. Fraternally, he is a 32nd degree, Knight Templar and Shriner Mason, Mod- ern Woodman, and a most active Elk, having been Grand Exalted Ruler in 1018-1919 and president of the lUinois Elks Association in 1911 and 1912. On June iq, 1906, Mr. Camp- bell was married to Miss Beulah Wilson Campbell, a daugh- ter of Dr. J. M. and Lucretia (Wilson) Campbell, of Marissa, Illinois. The families are not related. One child, Joseph Bruce, was born to them on March 8th, 1907, who, at the present. IS a member of the Senior Class and the Sigma Alpha Epsi- lon, honorary fraternity of lournahsm, at the University of Illinois The life of Bruce Campbell has been so varied m its activ- ities, so honorable in its purpose, so far-reaching and bene- ficial m Its aspects, that it has showed its effect not only upon East St. Louis and Illinois, but upon the nation as a whole. JOHN E MILLER For about forty years, John Elmer Miller has been engaged in public education in St. Clair County, Illinois. He has occu- pied many positions m the public schools, including rural teacher, teaching m graded schools in the primary and gram- mar grades, high school teacher of history and mathematics, ward and village school principal, city superintendent of schools of East St. Louis, and County Superintendent of Schools. He was born on a farm in Caseyville Township near the close of the Civil War, being the second son of James R. and Malinda (Nicholas) Miller, the former a nitive of Ohio the latter of Tennessee. After completing the curriculum of the village school at Caseyville, he spent four years m the State Normal Univer- sity, at Carbondale, trom which he was graduated. He con- tinued his studies m the Bufflilo School of Pedagogy, Buffalo, N. Y., and in Washington University and St. Louis Univef sity, at St. Louis, Mo. He was city librarian of the city of East St. Louis from 1902 to 1904. In this position he improved the service and originated and installed the popular and serviceable Juvenile department for boys and girls. He assisted m the organization of the University Extension lecture courses for East St. Louis. He became city superintend- ent of Schools in East St. Louis in 1904 and continued in this position until 19x1. During these seven years he reorganized the East St. Louis Teachers ' Lecture Course and installed m the schools manual training and household econo- my, and put in operation the first salary schedule for the teachers of East St. Louis. As city superintendent of schools he took the initiative in es- JOHN E. MILLER Fwe Hundred and {msI -Tliree csi S s tablishing the first recreation centers and playgrounds for his city. As principal of the Jefferson School in East St. Louis he was active in the organization of the Parent-Teacher Asso- ciation, which has grown to several thousand members in St. Clair County. He was elected county superintendent of schools of St. Clair County in November, 1922, and was re-elected in November, 1926. He has been a continuous member of the National Educa- tion Association, the State Teachers ' Association, and the St. Clair County Teachers ' Association for many years. He has been for more than twenty-five years a member of the State Historical Society, and has contributed various articles on the history of the schools of East St. Louis and St. Clair County. In February, 1905 he was married to Miss Frances Eliza- beth Coulter. In July, 1908, Catherine Elizabeth Miller, their daughter, was born. Mr. Miller resides at 3047 Audubon Place, East St. Louis, Illinois. P. R. GLOTFELTY and Family Biographical sketch appears on page ji Fwe Hundred and J incty-Four m HERMAN SEMMELROTH kAY 8th, 1926, Mr. Harmin S;mm--lroth appointed postmaster in Belleville, Illinois. Before that time he had been en- gaged for many years in the printing and pub- lishing business, having the management of the Belleviller Post und Zeitung. the oldest German publication in Illinois. His father, George Sem- mekoth, came to America from Kurhessen, Ger- many, in 1856, worked as a printer in Belleville until the Civil War, enhsted for service in Jan- uary, 1865, and at the close of the war, returned to Belleville to resume his position as foreman of the Belleviller Zeitung. About the same time he bought a half interest in the Sterns des Wes- tens (Star of the West), and later became owner of this paper, which he published until 1872. when he sold out, but retained his position as business manager for two years. From 1874 to 1886 he was half owner of the Belleviller Zei- tung, but sold his interest to become the man- ager of the Post, in which he had purchased a one-half interest with Gen. William C. Kueffner as his partner. He remained manager until his death in December, 1895. He was married to Minnie Deeke, of Belleville (born in Germany, 1845), on Sept. I ' ith, 1866, and by her had eight children, one of whom, Herman, a brief account of whose life will follow, was born on April 28th, 1875, and received his education in the Belleville public schools, including the high school, and in the Commercial College. His schooling finished, he entered his father ' s plant, worked here until he was twenty, and then assumed the management of the business, of which he also became the secretary and treasurer. In 191 ■; Mr. Herman Semmelroth and his brother, August, bought the Belleville Morning Record, a morning newspaper, and published it for about 3 years. They discontmued publishing the German paper in 1916. They are still con- ducting a general printing and bookbinding es- tablishment at 1 1 3-1 1 5 South Illinois Street, Belleville, Illinois, under the incorporated name of Belleville Morning Record Printing 6? Pub- lishing Company. Herman Semmelroth is pres- ident, but not active, while August Semmelroth is secretary and treasurer. The firm is better known under the short name of Record Print- ing Co. Mr. Semmelroth chose for his wife. Miss Lulu Goelitz, to whom he was married on Jan. 30th, 1901. She IS the daughter of Albert Goe- htz. Mr. and Mrs. Semmelroth have two boys — Arthur, born Nov. 19th, 1903, and Norman, born June 13th, 1908. Both are graduates of the Belleville Township High School. Mr. Herman Semmelroth belongs to the Elks, the Odd Fellows, is a charter member of the Turner Society, and is greatly interested in the Belleville Liederkranz (Choral Society). He has always held an office in one or more of these organizations, and is active in political affairs, all of which have made him popular and well liked by his fellowmen. EDWARD C. HANKAMER ONE OF THE most prosperous merchants in the town of Dupo, Illinois, is Mr. Edward C. Hankamer, who is the popular proprietor of the Temper Ice Cream Parlor and Sundry Shop. Mr. Hankamer was born on May 27, 1888, in Stookey Township, near MiUstadt, Illinois. He is a son of Edward and Louise Han- kamer, of East St. Louis. His education was re- c eived in the various schools of MiUstadt and East St. Louis. CHAPTER II In 1910, Mr. Hankamer was united in mar- riage with Miss Marie Brengard. Of the union there are seven children : Erwin, Lorine, Edward, Norman, Louise, Walmer, and Rose-Mane. At present, Mr. Hankamer is the president of the board of education of District 193. He also holds the office of village clerk, notary public and local registrar. Mr. Hankamer is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Loyal Order of Moose, and the Brotherhood of Evangelical Church. CHARLES REINHARDT CHARLES REINHARDT, one of Leba- non ' s senior business men, the proprietor of a clothing store, and a tailor by trade. His father, Chas. Reinhardt, Sr., came to Lebanon in 1856, and operated a tailor shop here for many years. He died in February, 1902. The mother, Mary Blass Reinhardt, died in September, two years earlier. Chas. Reinhardt, Jr., was born in Lebanon, June 11, 1857, and here received a pub- lic school education and two terms of instruction in McKendree, before beginning his life ' s work in 1872 as a tailor and clothier in Lebanon. On Oct. 7, 1879, he married Ellen W. Williams, who was born near Lebanon on Nov. 15, i8 ' i2, daughter of Hampton and Indiana Bradsby Williams, long since deceased. Mrs. Reinhardt attended McKendree College for a time and was an early member of the CUonian Literary Society. She is the mother of three children: Fred W., graduated from McKendree as an honor student, and from the law school of Washington Univer- sity, now practicing law in Chicago; Florence A. was graduated from McKendree ' s school of music and the Perry School of Expression, and is mar- ried to Mr. C. W, Nichols, insurance executive; and Miss Retta M. Reinhardt received a musical training in McKendree and now resides with her parents. Mr. Reinhardt served on the school board for about twenty-four years, and was city alderman. He is an Odd Fellow, a Woodman, and a member of the Evangelical Church. In business he is ac- commodating, cordial, and courteous. J. B. WILLIAMSON XN Binghampton, New York, on Oct. i, 1864, was born J. B. Williamson, a prom- inent real estate dealer of East St. Louis. He attended the public schools of his home city, and, upon being graduated from them, he continued his education by enrolling in the Cortland Nor- ma l University, of Cortland, New York. After leaving the normal school, he taught for several years, and it was during this time that he was married to Miss Eunice Harton, of Oswego, New York, the date cf their wedding being Nov. 28, 1884. Mr. Williamson then established himself in the bakery business, in which he continued for eight years with marked success. In 1898 he entered the grocery business, first as a successful salesman for two wholesale houses, and later, in 191 5, as proprietor of a thriving store at 40th and Waverly Place, in East St. Louis. In October of 192 he sold his grocery establishment and entered into the real estate business, in which he is now engaged. Mr. Williamson is especially active in church work, being one of the organizers of the St. Paul M. E. Church, having been a trustee of it since its founding, and acting as superintendent of its Sunday School. Mrs. Williamson was born in Oswego, New York, May i, 1868. Music has always been her hobby, and upon completing her education, she taught in the public schools and as a private teacher, prior to her marriage to Mr. Williamson. Five children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Will- iamson — three daughters: Eunice N., Mary L., and Ruth, all of whom are teachers; and two sons: Lewis H., and James J. Mr. and Mrs. Williamson provided all of their children with a good education, each one having attended college. Lewis, after completing high school, studied under the best voice teachers in America. At the present time, he is a well known concert and church soloist in New York City. Eunice IS a successful teacher in the department of music of the Jefferson School. Mrs. J. B. Williamson is a member of the Shubert Club, president of the Bay vi ew Literary Club, and IS a member of the Daughters of the Revolution. She was the organizer of the Cahokia Mound Chapter, and is president of the Home Missionary Society of St. Paul ' s M. E. Church. THOMAS J. HAYES, JR. CHOS- J. HAYES, Jr., at the time of this writing (June, 1928), is traffic manager for Renard Linoleum is ' Rug Company, of St. Louis, which position he has filled since May, 1918. He is son of Thos. J. Hayes, St., veteran engineer on the Chicago 6? Alton Rail- road. His mother, Anastasia (Doyle) Hayes, has been dead since Oct. 15, 1921- Mr- Hayes, Jr., born Nov. 22, 1885, in East St. Louis. Mrs. Hayes was formerly Ada L. Hendricks, daughter of Samuel A. and Jane (Tansey) Hendricks, and was born in East St. Louis, Aug. 15, 1886, and was married on Sept. 17, 1912. Her son, Thos. J. Hayes (the third), was born Jan. 18, 1911; the daughter, Mary Ada, on her mother ' s birth- day, in 1917. Mr. Hayes, after a good education in the parochial, grade, and high schools of East St. Louis, secured employment in the L. 6? N. Rail- road office, worked up to higher positions, and in 1912 was made contracting freight agent. He resigned in 1918 to take his present position. In 191 2 and 191 3 he was a supervisor of St. Clair County, and in 1923 was elected a member of the East St. Louis board of education. At the present he is a member of the East St. Louis Board of Police and Fire Commissioners. He was Grand Knight of the East St. Louis council of the Knights of Columbus in 191 1- Mr. Hayes is greatly interested in boys, as was shown by his organization of a Boy Scout troop at the Morrison School in 1926. REV. J. B. CUMMINS -f EV. J. B. CUMMINS, pastor of Jersey- Igr ville M. E. Church, of East St. Louis, Illinois, has served as president of District Conference for two years, president of Depart- mental League, of Vandalia District, for five years, and for two years was secretary of Car- bondale District. Rev. Cummins was born in Johnson County, Illinois. July 12, 1868; attended public schools and enrolled in Southern Illinois Normal Univer- sity. Later he entered McKendree College. After leaving McKendree, Rev. Cummins taught school and then entered ministry. October 5, 1892, Rev. Cummins married to Emma E. Kirk, daughter of Samuel Kirk and Almeeda Binkley Kirk. Rev. Cummins is active Mason and member of Odd Fellows. Fu ' e Hundred and } mety-Five MR, AND MRS. ADOLPH BAER yfSR. ADOLPH BAER, ofSummerfield, con- |JL| Jucts two very closely allied businesses- lumber and furniture. He began this busi- ness in 1906, when he moved to town from the farm, and he and his brother bought out the Vogt and the Pfeffer Lumber Companies, and operated as a lumber company alone until igog, when they added furniture, and had built a suitable struc- ture for the enlarged business. Mr. Baer was born near Summerlield, Sept. 30, 187 ;, the son of Daniel and Catherine Bergdolt Baer, both ot whom are dead. He finished the country school and spent one year in the schools ofSummerfield, after which he began working on his father ' s farm, continuing this occupation until he went into business in 1906. He was married to Miss Ida Apple, on June 18, 1909, and by her has two children. Faith and Hope, born on June 21, 1912 and Aug. g, igifi, respectively. Mrs. Baer was born in Summerfield on Oct. 7. 187J, received her education in the Summerfield schools, and remained at home help- ing with the housework until her marriage. Both of the daughters are students of music in Mc- Kendree College. Mr. Baer has been a member of his school board for four years, and the clerk of the board for three years. He and his family worship in the Mennon- ite Church ofSummerfield. L. B. BUSCHER ffiR. L. B. BUSCHER. proprietor of the Bertram Hotel, in Lebanon, 111,, and a building contractor, was born in Lebanon, Aug. JO, 1886, the son of Edward J. Buscher MC KENDREE and Bertha Meyer, and the oldest of four chil- dren— L. B. Buscher, Ora L., now Mrs. W. P. Breuning, Francis, deceased, and Edward. His father died in 1904; his mother is still living at Bridgeton, New Jersey. Mr. Buscher secured his education in the Lebanon public schools, and took up carpentry, working first in Springfield, 111. for about four years, returned to Lebanon, and worked under Mr. J. S. Gedney five or six years, entered the dairy business, later the express business, in which he was engaged for about ten years, and then became agent for the Interurban Express Company, kept this position for four years, until 1925, and returned to his old trade as a carpenter and contractor. On Oct. 25, igij, he was married to Miss Leonora Schmale, a Lebanon girl, born Nov. 27, 1886, and a product of the Lebanon High School. For a short time she attended the public schools in St. Louis. Her parents, Balser and Carrie (Rittenhouse) Schmale, are living in Beloit, Wis. When in Lebanon, Mr. Schmale was the street commissioner. He also engaged in con- crete work. Mr. and Mrs. Buscher have no children. The hotel which Mr. Buscher manages was forty-five years ago, operated by his grandmother for twenty years, later by his father and aunt, and then by his mother until 1924, when Mr. Buscher took charge of it. Under his management it has steadily improved. He is a member of the East St. Louis Consistory, Ainad Temple, and 1.0. OF. JACOB W. FRANTZ TACOB W. FRANTZ, the proprietor of ffL the New Athens Bakery, was born in New Athens Township on the loth of November, 1888. His father, Fred Frantz, a re- tired farmer who lives in New Athens, is the son of Louis Frantj and Katherine Wilhelm, and was born in New Athens Township on Nov. , 1862. Fred worked for his father on the farm until 1881, when he started farming for himself, continuing this occupation until iq20, when he left the farm, bought property in New Athens, and moved into town. His wife was Miss Lizette C. Held, the daughter of Jacob Held, a well- known farmer of Fayetteville, 111., the place of Lizette ' s birth, on December 21, 1861. She came from a family of three children, and was married to Mr. Frantz on Sept. 10, 1881. To Fred ,ind Mrs. Frantz were born nine children — four are Uving and five are dead; Kate, Oct. 14, 1882; Charley, June 14, 1884, died April 27, 1888; August, Aug. 16, 1886, died Aug. 17, 1886; Jacob Wm., Nov. 10, 1887; Ida, Feb. 27, iSgo, died Jan. 4, 1917; Albert, April jo, 1892; Dor- othy, July 24, 1893; Robert, Dec. 23, iSg-;, died July 18, 1896; Walter, May 18, 1903, died Aug. 18, 1903. Mr. Frantz still owns 108 acres of land, which IS under the management of his son, Albert. The former served for three years as a member of the New Athens School Board. His son, Jacob, received his education in the public school, and then worked for his father until he was eighteen, when he went to St. Louis, secured employment in a bakery, and worked there for five years. In 191 1 he returned to New Athens, bought the baker shop of Christ Loesche, and continued running this bakery up to the present time. He has built a new building since, and now has an up-to-date plant and store-room. On April 23, 1916, he was married to Amelia C. Stemheimer, w-ho has borne him two children: Harold, on May 13, 1917; and Dorothy Mae, on March 2, 1927. The mother is the daughter of Oscar Steinheimer and Susanna Schreiber. The former died in 1916, but the latter is still living. Mrs. Frantz was born the 4th of February, 1899, in New Athens, where she received a public school education. Mr. Frantz is a member of the Evangelical Church, is an Odd Fellow and a Modern Wood- man, and also a member of the Volunteer Fire Department of New Athens. MARTHA L. CONNOLE, LAWYER XN THE METROPOLITAN BUILDING of East St. Louis, Miss Martha L.Connole conducts her law office. Miss Connole is a native of Greene County, was horn at Carrollton, III, Sept. 21, 1883. the daughter of Anthony Connole and Mary Ann Markham. Her parents had eight children. The father, well-known as a squire and real estate man in Greene County, died Feb. 22, 1919; the mother is one of the senior members of the Carrollton M. E. Church. Miss Connole, after completing a high school course, attended the Illinois State Normal, and at the age of nineteen began teaching, first in the country schools of Greene County, then in the seventh and eighth grades at White Hall, 111., and finally in the White Hall High School, staying four years at each place. In 1914, she resigned her position as teacher, took a position with her brother, Henry Connole, a real estate and insur- ance agent at Madison, 111., and during this per- iod of four years, studied law at nights and as a student in St. Louis University. She was grad- uated from the law school in igi?, and in 1918 came to East St. Louis, took charge of the Govern- merit Fuel Administrator ' s office for one year. and in 1919 began her law practice. In 1921 Miss Connole was elected on the city school board, and in 1924, appointed public ad- ministrator for St. Clair County. She is a member of the Y. W. C. A. Board, and holds a member- ship in a number of other organizations — the Eastern Star, Rebeccas, Royal Neighbors, Women ' s Relief Corps, Protestant Women ' s Welfare League, and the Methodist Church. Miss Connole enjoys working with women ' s organizations, is now National Legislative Chair- man of the business and professional Women ' s clubs of the United States. FRED A, RENNER, M, D. OR, FRED A. RENNER was born on Feb. 23, 1878, in Lebanon, 111. His father, Fred Renner, was born in Germany in 1845, came to America in 1848, followed farming for many years, and is now retired and lives in Leb- anon. Dr. Renner ' s mother, Mary Jane Ross Renner, was born in St. Clair County in 1846, and IS the daughter of the Reverend William Ross, one of the early pioneer Baptist preachers of the middle west. She, too, is still Uving. Dr. Renner was graduated from the local high school in 1897, after which he studied in Mc- Kendree College for one term, and in 1899 and 1900 took teacher training courses at the West- ern Normal, Bushnell, 111., and at the Illinois State Normal, Normal, 111. He then taught for tour years in St. Clair County. In 1906 he was graduated from the medical school of St. Louis University, and the next year was spent in the U. S. Marine Hospital, St. Louis. Locating in Benld, 111., he remained there until 1920, the year he came to Lebanon. In this same year he com- pleted a post graduate course at Washington University. Mrs. Renner, formerly Delia M. Midgley, is a native of Lebanon, was born May 23,, 1880, and was married on Aug. 4, 1906. She is the daughter of William Midgley and Mary Jane Ezard; the former, who conducted a butcher shop in Leb- anon over forty years, died in 1908, and the latter in 1921. Both were born in England. Dr. and Mrs. Renner have one daughter, Delia Grace, who is an honor student in McKendree College, and an active member of the Clionian Literary Society. Dr. Renner is a member of the Lebanon Com- munity High School board, which position he has held since 1921. He owns one of the best homes in Lebanon, located on Belleville Avenue. He likes to fish, and is particularly interested in fruits and bees. H ARTHUR SCHUBERT ARMER, coal miner, carpenter, helper, foreman, and finally, an independent con- tractor — this has been the route over which Mr. Arthur Schubert has gone. He was born in Mascoutah Township, March 10, 1880, the son of Robert Schubert and Anna Schmidt, to whom reference is made on another page of this history. After leaving the Mascoutah High School, Arthur Schubert worked for a time on the farm and in the mines, and then took up carpentry, working for his brother, Robert, until 1923, when he started contracting for himself. Mrs. Schubert is a product of the high school of Mascoutah, in which city she was born on May 28, 1889, the daughter of John Boos and Mary Karch, both of whom were born here. The father is a retired merchant, lives in Mascoutah, and is one of her well-to-do citizens. Mrs. Schu- bert, nee Alma M. Boos, is the mother of a daughter, Carine M., who was born on the 23rd of November, 1908, and who has been graduated from the Mascoutah High School. Mr. Schubert is well known here, and is the owner of a nice residence, and of other property in the city, as well as a stockholder and director in a co-operative store. He does a great amount of work as a building contractor in and around Mascoutah. In 1926 he was elected a member of the board of education. Mr. Schubert is an Odd Fellow and also a member of the Moose Fraternity. HENRY J. SCHLESINGER, M. D. C. VERY COMMUNITY needs a compe- tent veterinarian, and New Athens has such a one in Dr. Schlesinger. Born m the city where he is now located, on April 13, 1886, he is one of the four sons of Michael Schlesinger and Friedericka Oldenorph. Henry J. Schlesinger obtained his early education in the New Athens schools, and after leaving school, worked for a time at different vocations. In 1910, he was graduated from the Chicago Veterinary College. Soon after finishing this course, he returned to his native town, began his practice, and has kept up this practice until now. The year after his return from Chicago he married, on June 6, 191 1, Bertha A. Bertholdt, the daughter of Frederick Bertholdt and Eliza- beth Kirchhoelfer. Mrs. Schlesinger was born in FayetteviUe on June 20, 1890. She came from a family of five children, and received a public school education. She has borne to her husband four children: Howard F., on Feb. 15, 1914; MR . ND MRS- S E, WILLIAMS Blanch L., on Nov. i, 1915; Allen H., on July 29, 1920; and Ruth E., on Jan. 21, 1922. Mr. Schlesinger not only treats diseases of all domestic animals and poultry, but he carries a full line of medicines for these animals. His prac- tice and trade extends into four counties — St. Clair, Monroe, Randolph and Washington. He owns his home, as well as other property here, has served as alderman of New Athens for two terms and as a member of the school board for three terms. Mr. Schlesinger has a love for music, and all the members of his family are musically inclined. He belongs to the Masonic Fraternity. SYLVAN E. WILLIAMS YLVAN E. WILLIAMS, printer and pub- J jl lisher, was born in Douglas County, Illi- nois, December 17, 1899. Both of his parents, Silas and Rosezella Williams, are living at Lebanon, Indiana. In 1918 Sylvan was graduated from the high school of Lebanon, Indiana, and the two years following he spent in the U. S Navy. Upon his discharge from the service, he entered a printing office, and at the same time took a course in print- ing and journalism, at Lebanon, Indiana. He worked at his trade for five years in Indiana be- fore coming to Illinois in 192 ! to take charge of the Advertiser, Lebanon ' s first class weekly pub- lication. This paper had previously been pub- lished by Gerking in 1911, Allen in 1917, and Fire Hundred and J mety-S: r. r X KENDREE- S 3, _ _ DR. A. C. VICKREY Bartlett in 1920. Soon after Mr. Williams took charge, he moved the printing plant to the place where it is now located, improved his equipment, and built an up-to-date est ablishment, from which he not only turns out a good weekly of from eight to fourteen pages, but also prints the McKendree Review and the Bulletin. He also does an excel- lent grade of job printing. Mrs. Wilhams assists in the newspaper office, and her efforts have made the social news of the publication one of the leading pages in Southern Illinois newspapers. Mrs. Williams was formerly Miss Myrtle Smith, a native of the Hoosier state. Mr. Williams is a capable newspaper editor, attends dihgently to his business, and is a booster for civic and industrial improvement in his community. DR. A. C. VICKREY He. VICKREY, M. D., prominent physi- cian and surgeon of St. Louis, was born in Louisville, Illinois January 50, 1886. He attended the public schools of Louisville and from 1903 to 1907 was a student in McKendree College, Lebanon, Illinois. After leaving Mc- Kendree, he entered the School of Medicine in Washington University and was graduated from it in 191 1. Dr. Vickrey was then employed in the St. Louis City Hospital Department for six years. On September i, 191 ' ;, he was married to Miss Florence C. Estes, and to this union two children — a girl, Florence C, and a boy. Nelson C. — were born. Dr. Vickrey has served as Assistant Superin- tendent of the St. Louis city sanitarium and is superintendent of the Missouri State Hospital No. 2 at St. Joseph, Missouri. In his practise from 191 to 1917 he was the business associate of Dr. Max Starkloff, city health commissioner. From 1918 to 1922, he served as surgeon in the U. S. pubhc health service. Dr. Vickrey, in addition to filhng all of the above listed important offices, has built up a large medical practice in St. Louis. He specializes in neuro-psychiatry and is a keen student of all pha ' s of medical science. His office in St. Louis is in the Paul Brown Building at Ninth and Olive Streets. Dr. Vickrey is well-liked by every one who knows him and is prominent both in the medical circles of St. Louis and of the state of Missouri, and in all civic activities of his community. He is a member of the St. Louis Medical Society and of the American Medical Association and is, also, a Mason and an Elk. REV. FRANK E. HARRIS R. FRANK HARRIS, Methodist min- ister, Ashley, Illinois, born in Sangamon County, IMinois, June 18, 1890, received public school education Springfield, graduated McKendree Academy, 1921, and McKendree College, A. B. degree, I92 ;. Worked as clerk for Wabash R. R. until marriage to Gladys V. Morgan on March i, 1909. From 1909 to 1919 followed farming, then entered Methodist min- istry. Was ordained Deacon, 1923; Elder, 1927. His father, P. S. Harris, died m 1917; the mother, Dora Valentine Harris, is at Springfield, Illinois. Mrs. Harris was born at Mechanicsburg, Illi- nois, August 29, 1891, daughter of C. W. Morgan and Elizabeth Turley Morgan. Re- ceived high school education. She and Mr. Harris have four children — Joseph, Elizabeth, Frank, Jr., and Dora Jean. Mr. Harris has held the following pastoral charges: Bunker Hill and Dorchester (1920), Dorchester (1922), OTallon (1923 to 1926), Ashley (1926 to the present). He is a member of the Odd Fellows, of the A. F. ii A. M. of the Royal Arch of the Masonic Order, and of the Platonian Literary Society. CHARLES H. BARTS QROFESSOR CHARLES BARTS, the principal of the Freeburg High School, has been an active educator now for more than thirty-seven years. He is a native of Indiana, was born at Misha waka, on the 23rd of February, 1870. His education included a high school train- ing, a preparatory and normal training in the University of Valparaiso, from which institution he was graduated with a B. S. degree in 1901, and a course in the Indiana University, from which he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1920. On Oct. 18, 1892, Mr. Barts was married to Miss Zoula M. Brown, to whom has been born six children— Ethyl M., Ada B , Clarice M., Valeria A., Ellwood E., and Irma E. Five of these children have graduated from high school, and Ethyl and Ada attended the Indiana University; Clarice, the Indiana Teachers College; Valeria, the college of Butler, Indiana; Ellwood, the Y. M. C. A. Automobile School, of St. Louis; Irma, the youngest, is a Junior in the Freeburg High School. The two oldest daughters taught five years, before their marriage. Mr. Barts is a member of the Methodist Church and a Mason. He be longs to the Knights of Pythias and to the Eastern Star Fraternity. Mr. Barts is an exponent of Manual Training in the high school, and an advocate of Industrial Education; this seems to be his hobby. He has been located at Freeburg for the past three years, where he has taken an active hand in the planning and erection of a fine new building. MRS. GRACE HARMON McGARY eRACE LUELLA HARMON, daughter of Dr. John F. Harmon, noted minister and former President of McKendree Col- lege, whose biographical sketch appears in this history, holds the unique distinction of being the only woman ever elected to active mem- bership in Plato. After completing her academic course, Mrs. McGary was graduated from Mc- Kendree College, attended the Chicago Training School, and did post-graduate work in piano, in St. Louis. At McKendree, she was president of Clio and of the Y. W. C. A. several times. A specialist in child training, Mrs. McGary is connected with the American Educational Society, of St. Louis. In 191 1. her work called her as a missionary to Korea, Seoul, where for REV. AND MRS FRANK E. HARRIS PROF. C. H. BARTS MRS GRACE H. McGARY Flic HiiTidred and . mct Eight eight years, she was the head of the Musical Department of Ewha College, the largest girls ' school in Korea. Mrs. McGary is the mother of three chil- dren—Elizabeth R., Patricia K., and John E. RICHARD H. MUSKOFF J HIS POPULAR and highly respected IJ principal of the East Carondelet School, District 54, was born at Prairie Dupo, on Nov. 12, 1894, a son of Fred and Lena (Mittel- statter) Muskoft, who were parents of eight other children. He attended the public schools at Prairie Dupo, the East St. Louis High School, State Normal, at Normal, and the Southern Illi- nois Normal University, at Carbondale, from which he was graduated in 1926; for the next nine years he taught school. Mr. Muskoff was married to Gertrude C. Arnold, on April 11,1918. She was born in St. Louis on Aug. 16, 1894, a daughter of John and Sophia (Peterson) Arnold. This family, in which there were three children, moved from St. Louis to their homestead near MiUstadt, where they are now living. Mrs. MuskofF attended the public schools in St. Louis and lived with her parents until her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Muskotf are parents of two chil- dren. These are: Richard, Jr., born on July 26, 1920; and Gladis M., Feb. 25, 1925. During the war Mr. Muskoif served as a private in France, where he did his full duty. He was honorably discharged on Sept. 25, 1919. He was made prin- cipal of the East Carondelet School, and has held that position since then. He is a member of the American Legion; in religion he is a member of the Evangelical Church. During the past years, in his spare time, Mr. Muskoff has studied the science of agriculture. His ability and love for work, mixed with a pleasant personality, has placed him in a position of high esteem among all his friends. CHARLES W. MARKS B CLOSE FRIEND and former class-mate of Dr. Cameron Harmon, now President of McKendree College, is Mr. Charles W. Marks, a successful undertaker of Edwards- ville. 111. After receiving his elementary school- ing in Bunker Hill, 111., Mr. Marks attended McKendree College in 1901. He finished his professional training in the Embalming School of St. Louis, and is now connected with the Marks and Weber Company. Harry F. Marksand Bernard H. Weber are also members of the firm. Mr. Marks is a member of Plato, is an Odd Fellow and a Mason. He started in the Furniture and Undertaking business in 1904. From 1920 MC KENDREE to 192 ' ; he was in the same Une of business at White Hall, 111. He was married to Miss Edna Kriege in 1910. Their children are: Arlyn who will enter McKendree College m 1929, Robert L., and Ray C. The mother of Mr. Marks, and her folks, have hved in America for generations. His father, Mr. Peter Marks, was born in St. Louis. Most of his childhood days were spent in the vicinity of Alton. ® W. M. K. LYONS M. K. LYONS was born in Marissa Township, St. Clair County, lUinois, in the year 1847 and has resided there ever since. His father, John R. Lyons, was born in South Carolina and came to Illinois in 1835 and resided in St. Clair County for more than eighty years; his mother, Mary A. McKee, was a native of Kentucky and came to Illinois in her early life. At the age of fifteen years, Mr. Lyons entered high school at the Union Academy, in Sparta. The following year, i86j, he entered McKendree College. Dr. AUyn was president at this time. Professors Blair and Jones were leading instruct- ors. Fairly good progress was made here until near the close of the second year, when eye trouble developed, causing a halt in school work for a time. Later, he pursued his studies in Mon- mouth College, and entered business in Marissa, IlUnois, in 187J, and continued to operate this successfully for a period of forty -five years. He has always taken an active interest in ad- vancing the welfare of the community, and gave of his time and talents in fostering the highest aims of life. He has repeatedly served as trustee of the village board, and also as p resident of same. He was a member of the board of education at the time the first large public school building was erected. Has been for several years president of the township board of school trustees. He is a member and an official director of the United Presbyterian Church. In the year iSvs he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah J. Patton, a resident of near Sparta, Randolph County. To this union were born four children, one dying in infancy. The youngest son died at the age of twenty-four years — a short time after graduating from the St. Louis School of Pharmacy. One son and daughter are living; both are happily married. REVEREND MELVIN LOAR BREAL PREACHER, an optomist, and a student who spends over five hours a day in study, is Reverend Melvin Loar, pastor of the Centralia First M. E. Church. As REV. MELVIN LOAR a preacher, he appeals to all classes; has always been perfectly natural, spiritual, evangelistic, practical and unemotional. When Reverend Loar was Superintendent of the Carbondale District, the First M. E. Church of Carbondale, one of the finest in the Conference, was built. Many other churches and parsonages were built under his efficient superintendency. It was he who organized and built the church in Alta Sita, remodeled the church in Cairo, and built the parsonage in Robinson. In July, 1891, Reverend Loar was united in marriage to Miss Olie Riley. The happy couple, who have a great love for children, adopted four orphans — Lottie Gibford, now assistant to a surgeon in Detroit; Maud Gibford, who is treasurer of Warren and Hardy, a great law office in the same city; Opal Riley, a student at McKendree Conservatory of Music ; another child was adopted, but died in infancy. Reverend Loar is a Royal Arch Mason, a loving pastor and an energetic worker wherever men need help. He was a student in McKen- dree in 189} and ' 94, and entered the Southern Illinois Conference in 1894. REV. O. L. MARKMAN, D. D. f EV. O. L. MARKMAN, pastor of the I f First M. E. Church, of East St. Louis, lUinois. For years he has been one of prominent ministers in Southern IlUnois Con- ference. Comes from family of six children, five of whom are living. His brother, Frank Markman, MR. WALTER LUCKNER is superintendent of schools at Jerseyville, Illi- nois. Mr. Markman was born November 20, 1876, at West Salem, Illinois, where he received public school education. Afterwards he attended Northwestern (now North Central) College, at Naperville, Illinois, for one year, Valparaiso University for two years, and Moody Bible Institute one year. In June, 192 1, he was honored with the title of Doctor of Divinity conferred by Taylor Unu-ersity, of Upland, Indiana. On October 11, 1898, he was married to Miss Hulda K. Busefink, who, like her husband, was born and educated in West Salem, her birth occurring on December 18, 1877. After finishing a high school course at home, she studied music in Chicago. They have two children — Esther, now Mrs. J. A. McCreery, who was born in July, 1900, and Paul, who was born in Decem- ber, 1902. Their daughter attended McKendree College in 1919, and later was graduated from the Southern Illinois Normal, at Carbondale. Mrs. McCreery is the mother of two children. Paul was graduated from the University of Illi- nois in 1924, and is now a student of music in New York City. Rev. Markham has always been an active member of the Southern Illinois Conference. His record is as follows: two years pastor of First M. E. Church at Mt. Vernon, Illinois; 1917- 1919, superintendent of Olney District; 1920 and 1924, delegate to Methodist General Con- ferences; and at present he is president of the Conference Deaconess Board, a member of the board of directors for the Old Folks Home, at Lawrenceville, IMinois, a member of the Con- ference Board of Examiners, president of the MCKENDREE Preachers ' Benefit Association, and a trustee for McKendree College. He is a member of the Benton Lodge, No. 64, of the Masonic Order, of the Richland Chapter Royal Arch Masons, Olney, lUinois, of the consistory of East St. Louis, Illinois, and of the Odd Fellows. He has served one term as Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows of Illinois. Rev. Markman now resides at 666 North Thirteenth Street, East St. Louis. WALTER LUCKNER iy ALTER LUCKNER, a farmer living near fly Lebanon, 111., on Rural Route No. 2, was born on the farm where he is now located, on August 2, 1875. His father, before him, was a farmer, Edward Luckner, by name, and died on Jan. ji, 1908. His mother, Mrs. Kratch Luckner, died April 28, 1916. Mr. Luckner received a fair education in the Rock Springs public school near Lebanon, and early took up the vocation of farming as his life ' s work. Most of his career as a farmer has been spent on the old home farm, where he was reared. He was thirty-one years of age when he married Miss Hilda Kasel, on April 12, 1904. To this union has been born one daughter, Ella A. Luckner, on April 20, 1905. She is now the wife of Mr. Gustave Koderhardt, and hves with her parents. Mrs. Kasel Luckner was born at Campbellton, Mo., on March 16, 1880, and re- ceived her education in the public schools of her community. Mr. Luckner is one of St. Clair County ' s efficient farmers. REV. CHARLES B. WHITESIDE, D. D. (f VEV. C. B. WHITESIDE, Superintendent J of Centralia District, is a man of sterling worth — a man who has earned the way to his position of honor and responsibility by hard, conscientious efforts. After taking normal training. Rev. Whiteside spent six years teaching. In 189 he entered the Southern Illinois Conference. He served seven charges as pastor, an average of four years to the charge, and is now in his fifth year as Super- intendent. He served two years as Conference Treasurer, and several years as First Assistant Conference Secretary. He has been honored with a membership on nearly every board of our conference institutions, and is now secre- tary of the Conference Board of Hospitals and Homes. At the last session of the conference. Rev. Whiteside was elected a delegate to the General Conference on the first ballot, receiving 10} of the 182 votes cast. During the World War, Rev. Whiteside was chairman of the Red Cross of Saline County, and chairman of the Publicity Committee in the war drives. In 1890 he was united in marriage to Miss Alice Hart, of Pope County, Illinois. From this union there are six children: Eula, Mabel, Ada, Merrill (now deceased), Charles and Anna Faye. REV. WALTER H. WHITLOCK, D. D. y| |R. WHITLOCK, prominent Methodist MJ minister and superintendent, was born in Dickinson Countv, Kansas, on August II, 1874, the son of F. S. and Sarah Clink Whit- lock. Walter H. attended the Kinmundy High School and the Carbondale Normal (four years) and was graduated from the Garrett Biblical In- stitute in 1906. From 1900 to 1906, he held stu- dent pastorates, and since his graduation he has had the following appointments: Herrin, Johnson City, Altamont, Centralia, Olney, Lebanon (while here, he organized and was head of the department of religious education in McKendree College), executive secretary of the Methodist Missionary Society, of East St. Louis, pastor of St. Paul ' s, of which he was the founder, Belleville. Harrisburg, and at the present, superintendent of East St. Louis district. In 1924, Mr. Whitlock received the D. D. degree from McKendree. Mrs. Whitlock, the daughter of Rev. T. G. and Mary Jane Seay Peterson, of Tulsa, Okla- homa, was born near Vienna, 111., on June 22. 1875. She attended the Creal Springs High School and Carbondale Normal, and taught for ten years before her marriage to Mr. Whitlock, on July 27, 1904. They have four children — Walter P., Cora E., Vera E., and Harold T. Mrs. Whitlock is an active member of the Women ' s Foreign, and the Home Missionary Societies. Mr. Whitlock is a Mason, a member of the McKendree Board since 1909, and a mem- ber of numerous boards and associations of the Southern Illinois Conference and of state-wide Methodism. ALBERT WEBB aLBERT WEBB, who has established him- self in a thriving grocery business in Caseyville, Illinois, is a man of innate business abiUty. His father, Emanuel Webb, forty-three years ago established the general merchandise business which his son, the subject of this sketch, now ' manages. Albert Webb was born in Caseyville, Illinois,. March 7, 1878. He attended the pubUc schools of Caseyville, and, upon graduating from them, he spent two years of study in McKendree College. He also took a practical course in busi- ness from Bryant and Stratton. He then took employment in the office of the Republican Iron and Steel Company, of St. Louis. He remained associated with this company for nine years and then for one year Mr. Webb worked for Swift and Company. In 1910, Albert returned to Casey viUe to go into the grocery business with his father. Since that time Albert Webb has lived in Caseyville. He resides with and takes loving care of his father and mother, both of whom are growing old, but still enjoying good health. Mr. Webb ' s mother was Sarah L. Mowe, prior to her mar- riage to his father. The elder Mr. Webb, in addition to establish- ing his grocery business in Caseyville, has ac- quired through a long life-time of conscientious labor, much personal property and farm land. Albert Webb is a member of the Modern Woodmen. m REV. GEORGE H. BILLINGS R. BILLINGS, minister of the M, E Church, Lakewood, 111., born in Centralia, Kans., July 4, 1896, educated in Kansas public schools, graduated from the Downs, Kan- sas, High School, attended McKendree one year and one summer, and Lincoln College one term, received an LL. B. degree from La Salle Extension University. Preached one year, before War, at Goodland, Kans., served seventeen months in army, twelve months overseas, was pastor at Blue Hill, Kans., 1919-20; student pastor. Signal Hill, near Belleville, 1910-11; at Hamburg, 111., r 92 1 -22; traveling salesman, in Colorado, for Brecht Candy Co., one year; returned to Illinois in 1925, and preached at West Salem two years. Married Sarah A. Root, Dec. 21, 1921, daughter of J. E. and Mary Root, and born at Centralia, 111., March 7, 1899; attended McKendree Sum- mer School, 1921. One son, Joseph H., was born Nov. 30. 1923,. Mr. Billings ' parents were R. F. and Lucy R. Billings; father died in 1922; mother still lives in Kansas. He was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society in McKendree. SAMUEL J. WOODWARD N THE CITY of New Athens, where he has been employed as station agent for the Illinois Central since 1911, Mr. Samuel Woodward was born on November 10, 1877. Mr. Woodward is the only son of Daniel W. Woodward and Mary Wherle. X ffMC KENDREE ' y Samuel Woodward received his early educa- tion in the New Athens public school, and after- wards attended the business college at Dixon, Illinois for two years (1896-97). Here he learned telegraphy. In 1898 he took his first position with the Illinois Central as telegraph operator at New Athens; from here he went to Belleville, and thence to Carbondale in the employ of this same railroad company. On February 20, 1911, he returned to New Athens, where he has re- mained since. Mrs. Woodward is Matilda, the daughter of B. Haentzschel. She was born at New Athens on October 16, 1879, and was married to Mr. Woodward on the i6th of October, 1900. They have a fine family of six boys and two girls — Roy, Clarence, Lyle, Daniel, Earl, James, Mil- dred and Mane. The interest of Mr. Woodward in the welfare of his community is shown by the tact that he served as mayor of New Athens for two years (1917-18), was a city alderman for four years, has been a member of the School Board since 191 1, and was made president of the same in igi6. He is also a member of the Community High School Board. Mr. Woodward is a Metho- dist (Sunday School Superintendent, ' , a Mason, a Knight Templar and a Shnner. n HERMAN G. WANGELIN ERMAN G. WANGELIN, automobile dealer and owner of the Ford agency, in Belleville, III, was born in this city on the 5th of August, 1890. His father and a brother were formerly also interested in this agency, which was established in 1908. I n igii Herman bought out their interests and reincorporated the business under the name of the Herman G. Wangelin, Inc. Mr. Wangehn received his common school education and also his high school training in Belleville. After graduating from the high school, he studied for a time in the University of Illinois. He was married on March 14, 1914, to Magda- lena Heidinger. who is the mother of two boys — Dan J. Wangelin, and Jack J. Wangelin. Both are attending the public schools here. In addition to his interest in his own business, Mr. Wangelin takes a practical interest in the schools of his city, and has served for two years as president of the board of education. He has been for some time prominent in the commercial and fraternal organizations of Belleville. He was the first president of the local Chamber of Com- merce, and is one of the directors of the State Chamber. He is a director of the Illinois Auto- mobile Dealers ' Ass ' n, and also a member of the Belleville Rotary Club, and a past president of this club, a member of the Elks and of the Belleville Turners Society. Mr. Wangehn is a property owner here, both of residential property and of business property. His business location occupies ' ij.ooo square feet of floor space. Herman G. Wangehn is in the prime of life, and IS ranked with the successful business men of Belleville. BARNETT D. S. WYLLIE, M. D. J : H1S physician, educator, and musician of V J recognized ability was horn near Marissa, on November 5, 1877, the son of A. Wyllie and Emily Coulter Wyllie. Dr. Wyllie attended the public schools of Marissa and Leb- anon, studied in the Marissa Academy two years, in McKendree two years (1893-1895), in Illinois College, at Jacksonville, from the fall of 95 to December of ' 96, returned to McKendree for the remainder of school year, and then went to Shurtleff College one year. In 1900 he entered Marion-Simms Medical School and was gradu- ated in 1904. He practiced medicine at Union, Mo. and in St. Louis until 1910, when he was appointed to his present position as director of health education for the St. Louis public schools. On September 29, 1909, he married Emma Hein, of Union, Mo., born November 12, 1884, the daughter of J. W. and Emma Neiermeier Hein. After she was graduated from Union Mo., High School, she taught for six years, and was principal Su Hundred and On GEORGE WIRTH. JR. of schools at Gerald, Mo. Then she was married to Dr. Wyllie. Dr. Wyllie is a member of the American Med- ical Association, the American Public Health Association, the St. Louis Medical Society, the Lambda Chapter of the Phi Beta Pi Medical Fra- ternity, and of the Kingshighway Presbyterian Church. During the World War, he enlisted in the Volunteer Medical Reser%-e Corps. He is an old Plato, and a talented song writer and com- poser, having had many of his productions pub- hshed; he plays a number of instruments well. the piano and violin in particular. His residence s at 1389 Hamilton Ave., St. Louis. VAL HIRTH R. VAL HIRTH, a Belleville printer, li% ' es at 219 S. Jackson Street, and conducts his business at 7 South High Street. He was born in Belleville, Sept. 7, 1882, secured a high school education, obtained employment in a printing shop, and worked at this trade until Sept. I, 1912, when he went into business for himself under the name of the Val Hirth Printing Service. Mrs. Hirth, formerly Augusta Bender, was married to our subject on Feb. i , iQii,and is the mother of two boys. Elmer F. was born in 191 1, the day after Christmas, and Carl E., on August 29, 1916. Both are attending the public schools; the older boy is in the high school. Mr. Hirth is one of E?elleville s most active business men. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, of the Retail Merchants ' Assn., and a director in the Rotary Club. He is a mem- ber of St. Paul ' s Evangelical Church, and for sev- eral years has taught a Sunday School class, and has been a director in Boy Scout work. He is now serving his second term on the Belleville school board, and is treasurer of the Belleville Turners. Mr. Hirth owns his business and residence prop- erty, besides other property in the city. The Printing Service is an up-to-date establishment, handles a good stock of office supplies, and turns out printing work of high quality. GEORGE WIRTH, Jr. eEORGE WIRTH, Jr., who is secretary and treasurer of the Auto Stove Works at New Athens, Illinois is the son of George Wirth, Sr., the president and general manager of the same firm. A sketch of the father appears on another page of this volume. The son was born in St. Louis, Mo. on December i, 1891, and was educated in the public schools, through the high school, and in the Belleville Commercial College. Upon finishing his studies he began working for the above-named firm, and performed duties, at one time or another, in all of its departments, until he became thoroughly acquainted with the business, and in 192 ' i was made the secretary and treasurer of the firm. He married Ada A. Hessick, October i, 1914. She is the daughter of Henry Hessick, a prosper- ous farmer in this part of the county, and of Mary (Huth) Hessick. Mrs. Wirth is a high school graduate. The one son who was born to them on August 18th, 192J, has been named George H. Mr. Wirth was city treasurer for nine years, and has been a member of the Community High School Board since its organization, and further- more, he is the secretary of the Village School Board. In addition to these practical interests, Mr. Wirth is particularly interested in baseball. For five years he has been the manager of the New Athens Baseball Team, and plays the posi- tions of pitcher and catcher of this team. His fraternal associations are with the Masonic Order. THEODORE E. REUSS ©ORN on the farm which he now occupies, on Nov. 14, 188 ' ;. one of the four children of Juhus Reuss and Sophia Engelmann, Mr. Theodore Reuss is now one of St. Clair County ' s leading farmers. His 104 acres of land are situated near Belleville, on Rural Route No. 4 As a boy, Theodore attended the Cherry Grove country school, completed its course, and studied in McKendree Academy four years (1901-1905), during the last year of which he was ranked as a college freshman. He later took a correspondence course in surveying, received a diploma, but never followed this vocation. Mrs. Reuss, formerly Meta Luckner, the daughter of Chas. Luckner and Emily Runkwitz, was born in O ' Fallon Township, Dec. 31, 1886, and was married to Mr. Reuss on Sept. 18, 1909. Her parents are both living on a farm near Leb- anon. She received her education in the Summer- field schools, and remained at home with her parents until her marriage. Their one daughter, Anita M., was born Jan 5, 191 1. Mr. Reuss has been an active participant in farm organizations. He was a member of the executive board of the Farm Bureau for three years (1921-1924), was president of the Farmers ' Union for three years, and president of the Farmers ' Institute when it was held in Belleville in 1925. He was the first Master of the Shiloh Valley Grange, served one term on the Board of Supervisors, and has been sixteen years a member of the school board, and clerk of the board all this time. CHARLES W. ROBINSON R. CHARLES ROBINSON is one of Leb- anon ' s efficient contractors, a careful and painstaking carpenter. He was but three years old when his parents moved to Lebanon from near Ashley, 111., where Charles was born July 22, 1870. His father, C. L. Robinson, was also a contractor; his mother ' s name was Matilda Mason. Both parents were horn and reared in Virginia. Charles Robinson received his education in the Lebanon schools, and in 1896 took up con- tracting work , in which he has since engaged. Mr. Robinson is city clerk of Lebanon, which position he has held for a number of years. He was a member of the school board which super- vised the erection of the new Community High School, and remained on the hoard four years. Clara E. Pesold, to whom Mr. Robinson was married July 19, 190 , came from St. Louis, was born on Aug. 17, 1879, the daughter of H. and Clara Pesold . Both parents are hving in St. Louis, where the father is engaged in the real estate business. Mrs. Robinson attended the St. Louis schools; also took a full course in a business college. Margaret Jean Robinson, only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Robinson, was born in Lebanon, Dec. 12, 1906. She expects to graduate with the Cen- tennial Class (1928) of McKendree College. The family are active members of the Presby- terian Church. AUGUST M. EGGMANN fri HEN only a youth, nineteen years of age ' the subject of this sketch showed his pa ' triotism by serving in the Spanish-Amer ' ican War. He was born in East St. Louis, on Feb. 4, 1880, a son of Emil J. Eggman, who died in 1924. His education consists of training in the public school and the East St. Louis High School, from which he was graduated in 1899. After leaving school he took employment with his brothers in the real estate business, but, in 1898, when the war broke out, he enlisted and gave faithful service. When the war ended he returned and accepted a position in the ofEce of the Re- public Iron and Steel Works, where he was em- ployed for a year. In 1910 Mr. Eggman started in the real estate line in a partnership, under the title of Eggman and King. This was dissolved in 1921, when Mr. Eggman entered business on his own accord. He himself is owner of much property — especially residence. On April 27, 190J, Mr. Eggman was married to Frieda E. Summa, a daughter of Virginia (Wurmb) and Dr. Henry H. Summa. She attended high school and the Lachman Private School. The subject of this sketch and his wife have two chil- dren: Theodora A., born on June 8, 1904; and Virginia M., born on Nov. i ;, 1909. Mr. Egg- man was elected treasurer of the Centerville Township in 1916, and still holds this position. He is a Shriner in the Masonic Order, a member of the Kiwanis Club and the St. Clair Country Club. His hobby is golf. GROVER E. FEURER yrVR. G. E. FEURER, the authorized Ford JL dealer in New Athens, bought in 1923 the New Athens Motor Co. from Mr. Wangehn, of Belleville. Before this time he had been the manager of the New Athens branch of the Modern Auto and Garage Co. Mr. Feurer was born in this county, at Point Lookout, on Jan. 17, 1885, the son of Martin Feurer and Frieda Forcade, the parents of five children. After attending the public school near his home he helped his father on the farm until the latter ' s retirement in 191 1, when he began farming in partnership with his brother. George M. In 191J he sold his portion of the farm to his brother, moved to New Athens, and secured employment with the Geiger Store Co., with whom he stayed two years, and then took over the management of the automobile business mentioned above. Mrs. Feurer, the daughter of Dietrich Wilking and Sophia Bohmhake, and one of eight children, was born in Fayetteville Township, Jan. 20, MC KENDREE 1888. She received a public school and normal school training, and taught school for five years before her marriage to Mr. Feurer, Sept. 14, 191 1. Two children have come from this mar- riage — Ruth S., May 2, 1913; and Alice K., Feb. 7, 1920. Mr. Feurer owns, besides his business prop- erty, a residence in New Athens and some farm land. He is a stockholder in the Farmers ' State Bank; president of the New Athens Commercia Club; served as township assessor for one term, and for a term as alderman; and was a member of the school board for six years. He is a Mason, a Modern Woodman, and a baseball fan. EDWARD A. CLASSEN •g INCE 190J, Mr. E. A. Classen has been V J the owner of a large lumber yard at Free- hurg. 111. His father, C. A. Classen, a native of Germany, established this business in 1876. His mother, Virginia M. Wilderman. a member of one of the old families in this part of the county, is now deceased. Edward Classen was born at Freeburg, August 7, 1870, and was educated in the public schools of his city. Afterwards he secured a business train- ing in the Bryant and Stratton Commercial Col- lege of St. Louis, and returned to Freeburg to work for his father. He acquired so thorough a knowledge of the business that when his father retired he was able to manage it as successfully as his father had done. His plant covers a wide area of 26,000 square feet. He sells his goods over a wide territory. Mr. Classen has been twice married, first to Margaret D. Helms, on December 19, 1900, and after her death, to Lydia Ripley, on January 22, 191 3. He is the father of two children — Russell and Alice — the former born on December 20, 1903, and the latter on January 31, 1906. Both have been given a good education. Mr. Classen derives a great deal of pleasure from driving his automobile. In politics, he is a Republican, and in religion, a Methodist. THOS. W. GREGORY XN THE QUAINT LITTLE TOWN of Pomona, Jackson County, Illinois, the sub- ject of tins sketch was born, September 30, 1872. He attended the public schools until he was fourteen, and began his working career as a telegraph operator for the Mobile and Ohio Raikoad Co. In 1890 Mr. Gregory came to East St. Louis, and continued working for the M. 6? O. until 1902, when he resigned to take a posi- GROVER E. FEURER tion as accountant with the East St. Louis ? Suburban Railway Company. The November following, he was elected assistant secretary and treasurer for the company, and in 1926, its vice-president. He was married to Miss Gertrude A. Hardy on October 30, 1895, and has one daughter, Helen J., born November 24, 1905. Helen com- pleted the high school course in East St. Louis, graduated from Stephens College, of Columbia, Missouri, in 1924, and since, has taken extension courses in History, Public Speaking, and Physical Education from Washington University. She is now attending the University of Illinois. Mr. Gregory belongs to that commendable class of self-made men. He has reached the prom- inent position which he now holds through sheer merit and hard labor. He has always taken a keen interest in the affairs of his city and county , has long been a friend of McKendree, and has served on the East St. Louis school board since 1924. He is also the treasurer of the Industrial Building 6? Loan Assn. of his city. In fraternity circles he is a 32nd degree Mason and an Elk. Beginning his career as a telegraph operator, Mr. Gregory has attained now an enviable posi- tion among his fellow-c WILLIAM H. EBERT HOCATED two and one-half miles north- east of OTallon is the 107 acres of well- cultivated land owned by Mr. Wm. H. Ebert. In Caseyville Township, where he was born on Feb. 11, 1869, William received a com- mon school education, and then began working Si.-c Hundred and Three REV. CLARK YOST for his father on the farm. The latter, Albert Ebert, died March 17, 1892; and the mother, Chalista Rittenhouse Ebert, on April 7, nineteen years later. Mr. Ebert farmed on the home place with his brother for three years, and after his marriage to Ella J. Badgley, on Dec. i, 189a, moved to another farm in Caseyville Township, cultivated this for ten years, and then moved to the farm he now owns. Hi.s wife was the daugh- ter of Alton Badgley and Lucy Sisson, both of whom died in recent years, and was born on a farm at Ridge Prairie, Caseyville Township, on Aug. 1, 1869. She received a common school education in her community schools, and a very practical education in the home, assisting with the domestic duties. She and Mr. Ebert have two children— Cynthia E., born Sept. 8, 189}, now Mrs. Walter Bridges, of Lebanon; and William Russell, born Nov. 2j, igo . Mr. Ebert has taken an active interest in the Masonic Lodge, of which he is a member; al- though his education in schools was limited, he has shown himself anxious in the furtherance of education, and during the past three years has been a trustee on the school board. Mr. and Mrs. Ebert are hard workers and have won the respect of their friends by their earnestness and sincerity. ..... : WILLIAM J. BROWN CHE ANCESTORS of William J. Brown, a stock dealer of Marissa, came from northern Ireland, his grandfather, David Brown, having brought his family to our shores in 1847. He was the father of ten children, the youngest ot whom, Alexander Brown, was the only son and the only one of the ten born in America. Alexander, the father of William J. Brown, was born in Philadelphia, April 20, 1848; married Grace Allen, at Clinton, III, Dec. 22, 1869, and became the father of twelve children. His son, William James, was born on a farm in Randolph County, Illinois, Nov. 4, i88v; re- c;ived his education in the public schools of Randolph County and in the Marissa High School, where he spent three years; worked on his father ' s farm until 1897, when he began farm- ing for himself; organized the lirm Brown and McHatton, Dealers in Live Stock, in 190 ;, with headquarters on the farm near Marissa, and in 1910, bought the 150 acres where the stock is now kept, and which is one of the great stock show farms in the county. He also owns 180 acres in Randolph County. Mr. Brown married, Oct. jo, 1912, Miss May E. Hamilton, the daughter of Peter B. Hamilton. She was horn at Marissa, Sept. jo, 1889; is a graduate of Marissa High School and of the Koeger School of Music, St. Louis (1910). She has been the organist in the Marissa Presbyterian Church since 1918. The one son, William H., was born April 7, 1915. Mr. Brown is a member of the Marissa Coun- try Club, and a director in the same; has been on the Marissa Community High School board nine years, and besides his live stock interests, is a dealer in real estate. REV. CLARK YOST SEV. CLARK R. YOST, pastor of the First Methodist Church of Lebanon, Illi- nois, better know-n as the College Church, was born near Alma, Illinois, on August 27, 1889. His father, John H. Yost, was also horn at Alma and has lived there all of his life, as a farmer and fruit-grower. Rev. Yost ' s mother (1869-1897), nee Lynda Hard, was also a native of Marion County. Rev. C. R. Yost enrolled as a ministerial student in McKendree College, from which he received the Bachelor of Arts degree in 191 3. He joined the Southern Illinois Conference in 191 }, and has been pastor of the College Church in Lebanon for three years. Mrs. Yost, formerly Madeleine Foulk, also was graduated from McKendree College (B. S. degree in 1912). She was born in Belle City, Hamilton Cqunty, Illinois, on April 19, 1886. Her father, who died in July of 1926, was the well-known contractor and builder of McLeans- boro; her mother still lives in McLeansboro. Mrs. Yost, after graduating from McKendree taught for several years in the McLeansboro High School, and on June 8, ign, she and Rev. Yost were married. Three children have been horn to Rev. and Mrs. Yost— Gwendolyn Jose- phine, Madeleine Dorothea, and Paul Wesley. While in college, Mr. Yost was a Philo., and won the Bryan medal for an essay on civil gov- ernment. In 1923, he made a tour through Europe, visiting all of the western countries except Spain and Portugal. In 192 he was made a state trustee of the Anti-Saloon League. Rev. Clark Yost is and always has been a keen student, both of the Bible and religion and of governmental and world problems. FERDINAND L. REUSS ON A FARM near Shiloh, where Dr. Adolphus Reuss lived and labored until his death, in 1878, his son, Ferdinand L. Reuss is now living. He w as lx)rn here, Oct. 28th, 1862, and has spent practically all his life on the old home place. His father was both a doctor and a farmer; his wife, Caroline Raith, was the mother of ten children, of whom Fer- dinand is the youngest. Two of his sisters are now living with him. Mr. Reuss completed a common school course m the Cherry Grove School, and attended, for a short time, the Toensfeldt Institute in St. Louis, then returned to the farm and worked for his father until the latter ' s death. On June i th, 1S99, he married Minnie Runkwitz, a sister of Erwin H. Runkwitz, whose biography is re- corded in this history. Mrs. Reuss was born near Lebanon, Sept. 27th, 1869, and was edu- cated in the Rock Springs School. She and Mr. Reuss have one daughter, Agnes, w ho is now Mrs. Walter F. Cox, of Troy, 111. She was born on Oct. 22nd, 1901, attended the Shiloh public schools, graduated from the O ' Fallon High School in 1920, and studied in the Browns Business College of East St. Louis for one year, after which she was employed as a stenogra- pher in St. Louis until her marriage. Since April 17th, 1905, Mr. Reuss has been a member of the School Board, and Clerk of this board for seventeen years. He served on the Non-High School Board many years. Both he and Mrs. Reuss are members of the Shiloh Val- ley Grange. Their home on their 140 acre farm IS one of the most modern of farm homes. ARTHUR I. GERMAIN J HE SUBJECT of this sketch is the popular IJ principal of one of St. Clair County ' s up-to-date township schools. He was born in St. Clair County on July 3, 1885, a son of Louis Germain, who was born in this county and is still living. Arthur J. Germain Si.x Hundred and Four was one of a family of ten children, but by his ambition and love for learning he forged his way through school. After receiving his early educa- tion in the public and high schools of Belleville, he entered McKendree College. He then studied in the Southern Illinois Normal University, in Carbondale, and, later on, in the University of Wisconsin. When not attending school, Mr. Germain contributed no small amount of work on his father ' s farm. On April J, 1918, Mr. Germain was united in matrimony with Miss Alma C. Meyer. She, too, was born on a farm in this county, a daugh- ter of John N. Meyer. Her mother is still living. In 1919, Mr. Germain was made principal of the Dewey School, a position that he still holds. His hobby is fishing — a sport in which he thrills when not engaged in his position of responsi- bihty. REV. THOMAS H. KELLY ©HARRY KELLY was born on the 24th of Sept., 1887, in Peel, one of the principal cities of the Isle of Man, in the Irish Sea. His parents were Thomas Kelly and Jane Quil- liam Kelly. In 1910, Mr. Kelly entered the ministry, and three years later, on the last day of December, he was married to Augusta A. Moholt. To this couple two children have been born — Mona Marsile and Patricia Jane. Rev. Kelly attended Peel Wesleyan and Co- lumbia University and was graduated from Drew Theological Seminary in 191 5. His ministerial record is as follows: 191 2- 15, St. James M. E. Church, New York City; 1915- 17, Marshfield, Wis; 1917-22, Superior, Wis.; 1922-27, Ladysmith, Wis; at present. First M. E. Church, Reedsburg, Wis. Rev. Kelly is a member of the board of e.xam- iners of the West Wisconsin Conference and of the faculty of the Epworth League Summer In- stitute. He is also the assistant secretary ot the West Wisconsin Conference. fi FRED W. GROLLE RED W. GROLLE. born m Lebanon Township, Dec. 14, 1878. Attended school, and then worked on farm for mother. After marriage to Louisa O. Kraemer, in 1909, of which union there are two chil- dren (two having died), Roy John and Eileen M., rented a two hundred and thirty acre farm from B. and A. Barr. Mr. GroUe is president of North Grove District No. 6 School Board. Besides farming, he is also connected with New York Life Insurance Company. His son, Roy John, now attending high school . RICHARD SCHAEFFER gDJOINlNG OTallon on the south is the seventy acre farm of Richard Schaelfer. which land he purchased in 1924 from the J. H. Atkinson estate. He moved to the Atkinson farm in 1914, from Shiloh Valley, where he had been a fruit grower for over twenty years, for the first twelve years as manager of the Flora Vista Farm, then owned by Mr. L. F. Fischer. He was born in Lebanon, July 7, 1877, the son of Dr. Hugo and Agata Schaeffer. His father practiced in Lebanon forty-six years ago, and afterwards moved to Belleville, where he con- tinued his practice until his death. Mrs. Schaeffer, now eighty -eight years old, still lives in Belleville, and enjoys good health. Richard attended the grades, and two years of high school in Shiloh Valley, and then began his career as a fruit farmer. After his marriage to Bertha Monken, on Jan. 12, 190 ' ;, he became an independent farmer. His wife is the daughter of George Monken and Christina Pannier Monken, and was born in St. Clair Township, east of Belleville, Dec. 12, i88j. She has four children — Richard, Robert G., H. Eugene, and Harold — born Jan. 21, 1909; May }, 191 1 ; August 5, 1912; and Feb. 8, 1917. Richard attended McKendree College in 1926 and 1927. Mr. Schaefl er was a member of the city school board for five years, and is serving his third term on the Township High School board. He was town clerk in Shiloh Valley Township for two years, and in 19 10 took the census for the town- ship. He IS a member of the Shiloh Valley Grange. D. MORRIS HARDY OAVID MORRIS HARDY, counts among his ancestors seme of the early pioneers cf Monroe County and of the state cf Illinois. His father, David Mitchell Hardy, is descended from the well-known Moore family who settled in Monroe County in an early day. His mother, Nancy Drury Hardy, is a daughter of Joseph W. Drury, long a prominent citiien of Waterloo, who graduated from McKendree in 1849 3nd was one of the founders of the Platon- ian Society. David Morris was born and reared in Waterloo where his parents still reside. He received his elementary and high school educa- tion in the schools of his native town and entered McKendree in 1912. By attending summer ses- sions he finished the college course in 191 ' i, re- ceiving the degree of A. B. He was a member of Plato and for some time was instructor in violin, having previously received training in violin in St. Louis. After finishing his work at McKen- dree he went to Ames, Iowa, where he spent two FRANK P. MEYER years in the State Agricultural College and in 1917, received the degree of B. S. in Agriculture. He IS a member of the social fraternity Tau Kappa Epsilon, the scholastic fraternity Phi Kap- pa Phi, and the honor society of Agriculture, Gamma Sigma Delta. In 1917 he was employed in the Federal Land Bank of St. Louis, as appraiser of farm lands. In 1918 he was granted leave of absence for military service. He was enrolled at Camp Shelby in Mississippi, and later in the Officers Training Camp at Camp Hancock, in Georgia, where he remained until honorably dis- charged from the service. In 1919 he returned to his former position with the Land Bank. In 1922 he became identified with the St. Louis Joint Stock Land Bank at the time of its organization. He is a member of the Board of Directors and is now Vice-president and Secretary of the in- stitution. FRANK P. MEYER t R. frank MEYER is a native of Mis- IM souri, born m St. Louis, March 23, 1879. His father, Edward Meyer, owned a farm in Jefferson County, Missouri, and the son, Frank, worked on this farm, after finishing his education, until he was twenty-one, and then went to St. Louis, where he was employed as a cabinet maker, carpenter, and operator of wood- working machines until iq2i, when he came to New Athens and opened a furniture store, which he now manages. In 1903, on Aug. 9, he was married to Kate Frantz, and to them one daugh- ter, Viola, was born, on June 10, 190 ' ;. who is now the wife of Henry Bertholdt. In 1921 Mr. T M MR. AND MRS. RICHARD SCHAEFFER DAVID M0RR13 HARDY JOHN MOLLES Si.v Hundred and Fne CHARLES A. FRANKLIN AT THE AGE OF 21 Meyer ' s parents came to New Athens to live with the son, and here the mother died on Jan. 7, 1926; the father is Uving and is in good health. Mr. Meyer purchased the store shortly after coming to New Athens, and in 1926, built a nice home near the store. He has a complete stock of furniture and sells his goods over a large territory. Also, he does all kinds of furniture repair work. He is an Odd Fellow; member of the Maca- bees, and a member of the St. Louis Federal Aid Union. Hunting and fishing are his preferred JOHN MOLLES gSflNCE 1879 Mr. John Molles has been en- J y gaged in educational work in this county, from 1921 to the present time (1927) he has been principal of the Lenzburg schools. Born near New Athens in Prairie Du Long Township on August 12, 1878, he is the son of Ambrose Molles and Dorothea A. Molles, nee Schwebel. The father was born in Switzerland in 1842, and the mother in Germany in 1845. Ambrose Molles was five years of age when his parents left the old country and came to America; Mrs. Molles came here in 1868 at the age of twenty-three. After serving his adopted country in the Civil War, Mr. Molles married and settled on a farm in Prairie Du Long Township, where he remain- ed until his death in 1918 (August 12). The wife died several years earlier, on March 21, 1909. John Molles, whose birth was mentioned above, was one of the three children of Ambrose Molles. After going through the public schools, John was sent to the Central Wesleyan College at Warrenton, Missouri where he studied until 1897, and at the same time he worked to pay for his education. Then followed a long period of IMC KENDREE teaching in St. Clair County, after which he again took up his studies, this time at Harris Teachers College at St. Louis and later in the State Normal University at Normal, Illinois from which institution he was graduated in 1924. He had been a teacher for six years when he married Miss Eleonora Lindauer. Their only child. Min- ora M. Molles, who was born on January 4, 1906, is a graduate of the New Athens High School, and is now completing the junior year of her studies (May 1927) in the State Univer- sity at Champaign, Illinois. Now for more than forty years Mr. John Molles has been associated with school work either as a teacher or as a student. The last six years of his teaching career have been spent in Lenzburg, where he holds the principalship of the Community Consolidated Schools. He has worked hard to attain his present position. It would seem that he is to remain in Lenzburg for many years more; here he has bought residence property, and here he is aligned with the Mason- ic Fraternity and with the Modern Woodmen of America. CHARLES ALFRED FRANKLIN CHOSE WHO have studied in McKen- dree ' s Classic Halls are found in every occupation. Mr. Charles Franklin, a suc- cessful farmer of Prairie Du Rocher, Illinois, was born on February 21, 1888, in Renault, Illinois. Having acquired his grammar school education in the Renault Public School, he then attended McKendree College from 1903 to 1905. Leaving school, he taught for three years, and then devoted two years to a General Merchan- dise business. In 1916, he was married to Miss Matha L. Sale. The children are Wanda G., George A., and Leona M. Mr. Franklin is a Mason. JOHN A. TAYLOR = HIS gentleman, who was born in Kentucky L J in 1852, and who attended McKendree College from 1876 to 1879, is now the pastor of the Methodist Church at Opdyke, Illi- nois. Mr. Taylor has held various charges, and throughout the years he has been a consistent, earnest minister. He was appointed by Bishop Spellmeyer to the superintendency of the Mt. Vernon District, where he served for six years, and by Bishop Thirkield to the superintendency of the Mt. Carmel District, where he likewise served the full term. On October 17, 1879, he was married to Miss Mary Agnes Lindly, of Lebanon, a graduate of McKendree College in 1880. Mr. Taylor ' s faith- ful and talented wife passed out of this life Sept. 26, 191J. Rev. Taylor was a delegate to the General Conference that was held in Minneapolis in 1912; he is a member of the M. W. C. A.; he is a Mason of the thirty-second degree Scottish Rite, belongs to the Mississippi Valley Consis- tory of East St. Louis, and for several years has been a member of the joint board of McKendree College; was received into the Southern Illinois Conference on trial, in 1900, and into full mem- bership in 1902. Served the following places: New Douglas, i year; Kane, 5 years; Brighton, J years; Carmi, 4 years; Mt. Vernon, First Church, 5 years; Vandalia, 2 years; Superinten- dent Mt. Vernon District, 6 years: Superinten- dent Mt. Carmel District, 6 years. At own request too the retired relation m 1921. Was ap- pointed to supply Tilden charge in 1925, and at the close of that year was appointed to supply the Opdyke charge. He is now in the second year on this charge. BLUMENSTEIN BROTHERS XN LEBANON a first class, up-to-date meat market, is that operated by the Blu- menstein Brothers — Carl W. Blumenstein and his brother, Robert. Both were born at St. Jacobs, 111., Carl on the first of May, 1891, and Robert on Sept. j, 189 ' i Their father, Rudolph Blumenstein, who died June 2j, 1918, was for many years the proprietor of an excellent meat market here, in the same building where his sons are now located. Their mother, Louise Beck- mann Blumenstein, is still living in Lebanon. Carl received his first year of schooling in St. Jacobs, and the rest of his grade school training in the Lebanon schools. He entered McKendree Academy in 1913, and graduated in 1917. For fourteen months thereafter he was in the U. S. Army. After leaving the armv, he worked for a short time at his trade in East St Louis, and then returned to Lebanon to help manage the business his father had left. He is an active member of the Masonic Lodge, and takes an important part in such organizations as the Odd Fellows, the Rotary Club and the American Legion. Carl is a member of the Evangelical Church. Robert Blumenstein secured a public school education in Lebanon, and early began working in his father ' s market. Beginning in 1917, he served for twelve months in the army, five months overseas. He, likewise, is an active mem- ber of the Masonic Lodge and the American Legion. Robert is, furthermore, affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and the Evangelical Church. FRANK A. BEHYMER •SSfTUDENTS of McKendree College, have a r real pal. . great booster of the institution, fine instructor, and a prominent news- paper man, m Mr. Frank A. Behymer. For the past fifteen years he has been teacher of the college Sunday School classes, and if the students REV. JOHN A. TAYLOR ROBERT BLUMENSTEIN CARL BLUMENSTEIN FRANK A. BEHYMER Six Hundred and Sv have their way, he has a hfe task to perform there. All McKendreans remember the happy social hours spent at the Behymer home where Mrs. Behymer is ofte n their hostess. Mr. Behymer taught the Junior Bible Class of the First M. E. Church of Belleville for years before moving to Lebanon. At the twenty-third anniversary of this class some time ago, there were eighty present. For the past forty years, Mr. Behymer has been with the St. Louis Post -Dispatch, where he has held nearly every position from reporter to editor. But by McKendreans he is most ad- mired as the writer of many True Life feature articles in the Sunday Post-Dispatch. JOHN S. FAULKNER gMONG LEBANON ' S citizens no one is more actively interested in converting old houses into desirable homes and in beauti- fying unsightly spots than is John S. Faulkner, He is a teacher in active service but carpentering Mr. Faulkner came to Lebanon in 1907 and has resided here since, except six years spent in grade and high school in the southern part of this county (Lenzburg, Mascoutah and Bald- win). He was the fourth child of Samuel H. and Amanda Varner Faulkner and was born in John- son County, Illinois, September 14, 1867. His parents were Alabamaians who soon after their marriage came to Johnson County, Illinois in 1 86 1. Here they hved and died — the father in 1900 and the mother in 191 . Our subject obtained a country school educa- tion and later went to Chattanooga, Tennessee to visit an uncle. Here he entered the high school from which he was graduated in 1887 with second honors. The following five years he taught at Mission Ridge, Georgia after which he re- turned to Illinois on account of the ill health of his mother. He entered the Illinois Normal at Carbondale in the fall of 1892 and studied here for one year. He was engaged in various lines at Golconda, Cypress and West Frankfort until 1907 when he came to Lebanon. In the summer of 1908 he attended the Normal University at Normal, Illi- nois and in the spring of igo8 and in the summer of 1910 he studied at McKendree College. On July 9, 1907, Mr. Faulkner was married to Miss Nelhe Lehman of Lebanon, the second child of John H. Lehman (died July 21, 1904) and Mary Burton Lehman, who is still living in Lebanon and who is one of the most respected residents of this city. Mrs. Faulkner was born and reared in Lebanon and here she received her education, first in the public schools, afterwards in McKendree Academy and in the college, from which institution she received a Bachelor of Science degree in i8go and a Master of Science three years later. Before her marriage, she taught in the Lebanon Public Schools for fourteen con- secutive years and was reputed an efficient teacher. She resumed her teaching again in 1920 and IS still engaged in this work. Both Mr. and Mrs. Faulkner are members of the Methodist Church and its various organiza- tions. Mrs. Faulkner is a worker in the Sunday School, having had supervision of the Junior Department for a number of years. She is also a member of the Woman ' s Club. Mr. Faulkner is a member of the I. O. O. F. and K. of P. lodges. He has served as Church Treasurer, OiEcial Board member of the Church and as a member of the City Council from 1917 to 1920. FRED C. DAAB a MONO the prominent and influential resi- dents of Smithton belong Mr. and Mrs. Fred C. Daab. Mr. Daab was born in Smithton Township on Jan. 2, 1876. He secured a public school education, and labored on his father ' s farm until he was twenty-four years old. His father was George Daab, one of the early settlers in this community, and his mother, Louisa EtHng Daab. Fred C. married, on August 6, 1900, Miss Ella Woods, who was born in Smithton, June 28, 1878, the daughter of Enos J. Woods, a flour mill engineer, and of Cordelia Phillips, both deceased. Ella received a good edu- cation, and before her marriage, was employed as a saleslady in St. Louis. She and Mr. Daab have no children of their own, but have taken into their home a foster child, Goldie Metzger. In April, 1917, Mr. Daab moved into Smith- ton, and began working as a salesman tor the Belleville Implement and Motor Co., where he is still employed. He is a director in the St. Clair County Farmers Mutual Fire Insurance Com- pany, and in the First State Bank, is president of the Smithton Turner Society, one of the oldest in the county, and is a member of the Broad Hollow Grange. He was alderman of Smithton three terms, and is serving his third term on the school board. Fruit farming and poultry raising are his hobbies. He is a member of the Evangel- ical Church. Mrs. Daab is a member of the Grange, and president of the Ladies ' Section of Smithton Turners, also member of the Royal Neighbors, and of the M. E. Church. WILLIAM E, DARROW CHE DARROW FAMILY is well known in and about O ' Fallon. William E. Darrow was born two miles east of this town, Jan- uary 21, i860. He attended the country school between O ' Fallon and Lebanon, and McKendree Academy for two years, and then began to study DR. HARRY S. CHURCH telegraphy; worked as a telegraph operator for two years, and in 1886, moved to a farm which his father had just purchased. His parents, now deceased, were William M. and Lavina Darrow. He remained on the farm until 1925, when he retired from active farm labor, and moved into O ' Fallon, where he now resides. Mr. Darrow has, by his wife, Martha Green Darrow, two children — Mary Irene, born on Sept. 29. 1900; George G., born on Aug. 25, 1904. Mrs. Darrow was born in Nashville, III, Nov. 26, 1867, and received her education in the Nashville public schools, including three and a half years in the high school, and in Valparaiso University and Carbondale Normal (summer terms). Before her marriage to Mr. Darrow, she had taught school for eight years. Her parents were Hugh Green (deceased) and Mary Troutt; the latter is now living with her children in Nashville. Their son, George, was graduated from O ' Fal- lon High School, and McKendree College (1926). The last year he has been a teacher and coach in the O ' Fallon High School. Mary Irene also grad- uated from high school and received a Bachelor of Science degree from McKendree in 1921. Since then she has taught in the Marissa Township High School. She is now studying Dietetics at Barnes Hospital, in St. Louis. HARRY S. CHURCH, M. D. nIVING IN a home where his parents re- sided for sixty-five years. Dr. Harry Syl- vester Church is a successful physician of Renault, Illinois. In completing his education. Dr. Church attended the Waterloo High School for two years, Bushnell College for one year, McKendree College for three years, and then Si.x Hundred and Sei WILLIAM H. BASSETT was graduated from the Medical Department of St. Louis University, after four more years, in 1906. His son, Harmon Deare, is now a student at McKendree and in 18 9, his father, Harmon, was also a McKendree student. In politics, he is a Republican. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge and of the M. E. Church. SAM D. BARBER } HE SUBJECT of this sketch was born lion Dec. ji, 187S, in Bond County, 111., a son of D. K. Barber, a Baptist minister, who served in religious work from youth until his death in April, 1908. After attending the public schools, the subject entered Austin Col- lege, of Effingham, Illinois. Following this, he taught school for four years in Bond County, resigned and was employed by Swift and Com- pany as assistant time-keeper. In 190 ' ; he aban- doned this to accept a position as bookkeeper. He worked energetically, learned the banking business thoroughly, and in 1922 was appointed assistant cashier. He was married on June 29, 1910, to Catherine Franklin. The couple are the parents of four children: S. Lloyd, Stanley D., Hugh W,, and Mary Winnefred. Mr. Barber is a Shrmer in the Masonic Order, a Master of Finance of the Knights of Pythias, and a member of the Kiwanis Club. He was elected president of the Grant School, District 106; and in 1927, the clerk of his board. A Bantist, Mr. Barber is a trustee of the Landsdown Baptist Church, in East St. Louis. He is the chairman of the building board, and has been the treasurer of the building fund. In 1920, Mr. Barber bought eleven acres of property at Fairview, on which he has built his fine residence. MC KENDREE WILLIAM H. BASSETT iir ILLIAM BASSETT was born at Paris, J Monroe County, Missouri, on Sept. 2, i86j, the son of Samuel S. Bassett and Fannie T. Giddings. His father died — 192J — at the age of ninety. His mother, however, was taken from him three years previous to this time, in February, 1920. William H. Bassett was one of their nine chil- dren. He is a graduate of th e Paris, Missouri, High School, and of Missouri University. For eleven years he was deputy county clerk of Monroe County, and during this period served several terms as mayor of Paris. In 189 he re- signed his clerkship to assume new duties as assistant state treasurer, which position he filled until 190J, when he resigned and became auditor and traffic manager for the Kinloch Long Distance Telephone Company. In 1922, when the com- pany consolidated with the Bell Telephone Sys- tem, Mr. Bassett was made connecting company agent for Illinois, Missouri and Arkansas, for Southwestern Bell System, which position he now holds. He has served as a director of the O ' Fallon school board, served as president of this board, and as director of Township High board. His religious affiliation is with the Christian Church, of which he is an active member, and two frater- nities count him among their members —the Masonic Order and the Odd Fellows. In the former he is a Shriner, and has held high offices in this lodge; in the latter, he is also a past officer. He is also a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity in his college. Mrs. Bassett, to whom he was married on July 22, 1896, was formerly Miss Abbie Mc- Daniel, the daughter of a minister of the Chris- tian Church, Samuel McDaniel and of Elenore Wood. Her father, who died October 8, 1926, at the age of 82, attended McKendree College for several terms. Mrs. Bassett is the mother of four children — Howard, Jean, Keith, and Mil- dred, born on July 16, 1897; July ij, 1899; Feb- ruary 8, 1902; and June 8, 1906, respectively. All were given a high school and a college train- ing, Jean having been a student of McKendree College two years. All of the children are now marrie d, with the exception of Keith, who is now secretary-manager of a corporation in San Salvador, Central America. EDWARD S. HELMS HOND of baseball and horse-racing, keenly interested in literary societies, Mr. Ed- ward S. Helms, of Belleville, is one of a few farmers who have such a wide range of varied ac- tivities. A son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Helms, he was born in Turkey Hill, lUinois, on February 2, 1868. Mr. Helms attended several public schools, and later on studied at the S. 1. N. U.. Northern Normal University, and the University of Illi- nois. On January 21, 1922, he was united in marriage with Mrs. Marie Herman, the mother of a son, Floyd Herman. The couple adopted another child, Edna Mav. For many years Mr. Helms has been a director of the Belleville Savings Bank. He is also the pres- ident of the Grange Hall School Board. A great many offices were held by Mr. Helms as a mem- ber of the Turkey Hill Grange, an organization in which he has gained the respect of all. In politics, Mr. Helms is a Democrat. He takes pride in the fact that throughout his entire life he has always kept in close touch with all sorts of activities and events of the day — from baseball and horse-racing to deep political problems. During the World War, Mr. Helms rendered a great deal of valuable service to his country as a four-minute man. In this capacity, he gave a great number of inspiring speeches, informing and encouraging his fellow-men. JAMES DANIELS XT IS A WELL-KNOWN FACT that mining is one of the most important in- dustries in the state of Illinois — so im- portant that a hundred thousand miners depend on it for their means to earn a living. James Daniels has devoted the greater part of his life to this occupation, and an investigation into his life record will indicate clearly that his efforts have brought not only fine results to himself, but also to others. He was born on Oct. 12, 1867, in the city of Belleville, Illinois, St. Clair County, a son of Samuel and Mary Daniels. After gradua- tion from the elementary schools of Belleville, he attended Jones Commercial College. On Oct. 18, 1890, Mr. Daniels was married to Miss Georgia Daniels, a fine woman who proved to be a splen- did mother to three healthy children : Mary, Dor- othy, and Walter. The subject of this sketch is a member of the Redmen and Knights of Pythias. The fact that he has been a school director for six years proves that he has much interest in edu- cational work. Mr. Daniels has been in the coal-mining busi- ness for forty years. During this long period he has worked conscientiously and energetically, thus learning every phase of this business and becoming a real cog in all mining enterprises. His efforts enthusiastically applied towards the ex- pansion and development of the Prairie Coal Company, and his wide knowledge of coal mining gained thru four decades of experience, have won for him first the superintendency, and later, the offices of secretary and of director of this company. S£ ROBERT V. GUSTIN gT ANDERSONVILLE, ILL., on Nov., 1874, the subject of this sketch was born. He obtained his early education in the public schools of his neighborhood, and after- wards entered McKendree College, as a student of law, and was graduated from this school in 1895. From 1896 to 1900 he followed the pro- fession of a teacher, and was located in Summer- held, 111. His career as a lawyer began in East St. Louis in 1900. Sixteen years later he was appointed assistant to the State ' s Attorney of St. Clair County, held this position for a year and then enlisted as a private in the U. S. Army, was placed in charge of a camp library, and when discharged in 1919, had been promoted to the rank of a major of infantry. He resumed his law practice in East St. Louis and in 1923 was ap- pointed corporation counsel for the city, which position he still holds. Mr. Gustin was married, on July 18, 1898, to Anna Lewis, of Lebanon, the city of her birth, and where she had attended the public schools and McKendree College. She died Dec. 17, 1917, and sis. years later, Mr. Gustin married Estelle Bernard, by whom he has one girl, Mary Helen, born in 192 ' ;. in September of igi !, Mr. Gustin effected the organization of the News Review Publishing Company, and became the president, and later the secretary and treasurer of this company. He is an able editorial writer, and contributes most of the editorials to this company ' s publication. He also continues his practice of law, in which he has been successful, and through which he has become well known in the city. In poUtics he is a Democrat, and for many years served as chairman of the County Democratic Committee, to which position he was chosen in 1916. He is a jind degree Mason, a member of the K. of P. Lodge, and of the I. O. O. F. The American Army affairs greatly interested him, and he is still a member of this great organization — a Reserve Lieutenant and a Colonel of the army. DAVID W. SHIPP QMAN with a broad training, considerable natural abiUty, and an educator with a promising future is David W. Shipp, Su- perintendent of Schools of Sea Bright, New Jersey. Mrs. Agnes Shipp, his talented wife, formerly an instructor of Expression at McKen- dree College, is always in great demand as a private teacher wherever her husband is located. Professor Shipp received his high school train- ing in the Olney High School. After completing some work at McKendree College from 1915- 1917, he returned a few years later and received his A. B. degree in 1924. In 1918 Mr. Shipp entered the Drew Theological Seminary and completed his three year course in 1920. In 1925 he received his B. D. degree. Mr. Shipp studied at the University of Illinois in the sum- mer of 1926. He spent the year of 1927 in study of English and American Literature at Boston University. From 192} to 192 ' ; he was an Eng- lish teacher in McKendree College, and in 1925 he taught in Albion High School. In the year of 1917 Mr. Shipp was united in marriage w ith Miss Agnes Clmesmith. Their only child, Harold Warner, is now nine years old. Mrs. Shipp studied at McKendree College under Miss Helen Horner, and is at present studying in the Emerson College or Oratory, in Boston, the only school of its kind that gives a degree that is chartered by the state. She will receive her degree in another year. Mr. Shipp IS a Philo, a Mason, an Odd Fel- low, a member of Pi Kappa Delta, and a member of the Writer ' s Club of New York University. LOUIS F. DINTELMAN HOUIS F. DINTELMAN is another man who has made the nursery business pay him well. He was born in St. Clair County on Nov. }o, 1861, a son of Henry and Anna Elizabeth (Keller) Dintelman, who were natives of Germany. The subject of this sketch received his early education in the pubUc schools, but some years later he started working on a farm. In 1891, he began in the nursery line, planting ap- ples, peaches, pears, and other products. With his father he cultivated about fifteen acres, but has added many more since. He ships his products to countries all over the world, has met with amazing success and is building up an extensive business. His apples, which were exhibited at the World ' s Exposition in Paris, France, secured first prizes in the Winesap variety. He also exhibited several kinds of fruit at the St. Louis Exposition, all of which were grown in his orchard. In poU- tics, Mr. Dintelman leans toward the principles of the Repubhcan party; he served as clerk of the St. Clair Township from 1891 to 1901, inclusive. He IS a member of St. Paul ' s Evangelical Church, has been a trustee of the St. Clair County school board for sixteen years. He holds membership in the Turkey Hill Grange, the National Associa- tion of Nursery Men, and has been a member of the State Association for thirty years. Mr. Din- telman ' s hobby is reading. He has travelled a great deal and has attended many conventions. When not at work, this genial man finds time to indulge in his hobby of reading. PHIL GRIESBAUM, M. D. OR. PHIL GRIESBAUM was born near New Baden on Dec. 31, 1883, the son of Xavier Griesbaum and Mary Ripplinger Griesbaum. His father was one of the early set- DR. G. G BOCK tiers of this county, and Uved until Dec . 3 1 , 1923 . Mrs. Griesbaum died on May 15, 1915. Their son, Phil, received his grade school education in the New Baden schools, and then attended Mc- Kendree College for a while. He was graduated from the School of Pharmacy of Valparaiso Uni- versity, in Indiana, in 1906. The following four years he studied medicine in Washington Uni- versity, of St. Louis, and soon after his gradua- tion in 1910, began his practice in Lebanon. On Jan. 2, 1913, he was married to Elizabeth Glanzer, the daughter of Joseph Glanzer and Louisa Dick Glanzer; her father was a furniture dealer and undertaker at Trenton, 111., and here Mrs. Griesbaum was born on Feb. 4, iSS !, and here she was reared and educated. Both of her parents are dead. Dr. Griesbaum has been a member of the Lebanon High School board for over fifteen years, and has served as president of this board for six years. He holds memberships in the St. Clair County Medical Society, in the Illinois State Medical Society, and in the American Medical Association. He is an Odd Fellow, a Mason, a Rotarian, and a member of the Presbyterian Church. He has distinct musical abihty, and plays the piano and slide trombone well; he also conducts a boys ' orchestra. GUSTAVIUS G. BOCK, M. D. R. GUSTAVIUS G. BOCK, M. D, a suc- cessful physician and surgeon of Smithton, St. Clair County, was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, May 27, i8 ' j8, son of Dr. Gustavius C. and Henrietta (Rindt) Bock, the mother also being a native of that city and the father, of MR. AND MRS. DAVID W. SHIPP DR . •D MRS PHIL GRIESBAUM DR, E, W. CANNADY Germany. After attending the public schools, Gustavius decided to study medicine, and en- tered the St. Louis Medical College, from which he was graduated in 1882, March 8. He then began the practice of his profession at Smithton, in partnership with his father. At that time they were the only physicians of the place and their partnership continued for two years. The death of the father occurred July 12, igo2. With the exception of the association mentioned. Dr. G. G. Bock has continued his practice alone, and by his industry and faithful devotion to his work he has built up a large clientele. Generally speaking. Dr. Bock has been a Pro- gressive Republican, although he is an Indepen- dent to a large extent in political and public affairs, giving his support to the man who is best qualified to fill the ofEce under consideration He has served his village six years as alderman, treasurer four years, and mayor twenty-four years. He has also served as highway commis- sioner three years, school director and other minor offices. He has always held that every man, irrespec- tive of his calling, should identify himself with some local problems, especially rural problems, and work unselfishly for their solution. Believing that good roads are the greatest blessing or boon to rural communities, he has labored and agitated incessantly twenty-five years for good or bet- ter roads. Socially he is a member of Modern Woodmen, Georgetown Turnverein and Broad Hollow Grange. o MC KENDREE On May 27, 1884, Dr. Bock was married to Lula Risser, of Troy, 111. There were four chil- ion — Henrietta, who is at home; Edmund Alois, accidentally killed near Salt Lake, Utah, Oct. 14, 1923; Lillian Pearl, wife of j. H. Senne, architect and teacher in McKinley High School, St. Louis, Mo.; and Florence Rowena, wife of M. Lasersohn, M. D., Richmond, Va. E. W. CANNADY, M. D. R. E. W. CANNADY, of 600 Washington Place, East St. Louis, was born at Lebanon, the birthplace of so many men who have rendered distinguished service in this county, on September g, 187J, and received his early education in the public schools of Mascoutah, Illinois. Later he studied in Illinois College, at Jacksonville, and for two years in the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, after which he re- turned to his native county and taught school for three years. But he gave up the calling of the pedagogue to become a phy.sician, entered Wash- ington University as a student of medicine, and graduated in 19 2. Dr. Cannady ' s father, Chas. Cannady, a native of Clinton County, Illinois, was born March 3, 1844, and followed the vocation of teaching during most of his active career. He died November i , 1914. He was married to Ella Wise, a Monroe County girl (born Sapieniber 30, iSti), but who resided in Lebanon until her marriage. To them were born four bays and three girls. The mother passed away on July 28, 1920. The father was a member of th; Misanic Order. On the i-ith ot June, 1904, Dr. Cannady was married to Ida B. Rose, born at Columbia, Illi- nois August 22, 1877, the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. William Rose. The only son of Dr. and Mrs. Cannady was born on June 20, igj6. Edward Jr., received his A. B. degree from Washington University in 1927 and he is now enrolled in the medical department of this same school. Dr. Cannady is a Mason, and a Shriner in this fraternity; he also belongs to the Elks and to the K. of P. The medical societies of which is he a member are: The County Medical Society of which he is president; the Southern Illinois Medical Society; the State Medical Society; and the American Medical Association. He is chief of staff of the Deaconess Hospital in East St. Louis. He has served for sixteen years on the East St. Louis Board of Education, the last four years as the president of the Board. For some time he has tjeen the Plant Physician for the Monsanto Chemical Plant, a large industrial estabhshment on the East Side. Dr. Cannady has travelled extensively in this country, and has been very active in all movements for civic betterment in th? city. DAVID S. WAHL R. DAVID S. WAHL, field secretary for McKendree College, and a much loved minister for the past thirty-five years, was a native of Berea, Ohio. His college work was done in Iowa Wesleyan University and Central Wesleyan College. Until 1925, Dr. Wahl was a member of the St. Louis German Conference, where he worked faithfully and persistently in his calling. In January of 1927. Dr. Wahl left on a trip around the world. He made his plans to visit a representative school in every country so far as possible, and to visit and to learn more of the missionary fields in the various countries. On September 25, 1896, Dr. Wahl was married to Miss Julia M. Jockisch. and four children were born to this union. Ruth died some years ago, Milton J. is doing graduate work in the University of Chicago, Edmund D. is superin- tendent of schools at Summerfield, and Oliver C. is a senior and an instructor in violin at Mc- Kendree. REV. LOUIS S. McKOWN. D, D. ?D L. S. McKOWN IS the son of the late Milton C. McKown, for forty-five years of M. E. Church, and Mrs. Anna Sheets McKown, of Vincennes, Indiana. He was born at Greenville, Indiana, Feb. 14, 1876. Was graduated from the high school at Gosport, in 1896; entered DePauw University in September, 1896, and during the three years of his college course, served as a student minister. In 1898, joined the Indiana Conference; 190J, he was transferred to Southern Illinois Confer- ence; now located in East St. Louis as pastor of St. Paul ' s Methodist Episcopal Church. United in marriage June 8, 1902, to Bertha Edith Peek, daughter of Charles E. Peek and Julia A. Thomas Peek, of Washington, Indiana. Two children — Helen Norma and Mary Esther. In his youth, worked in printing offices. Dur- ing World War, while pastor in Benton, Illinois, served as Federal Food Administrator for Frank- lin County. For several years, member of Con- ference quartette; in 1924. Conference secretary; at other times, on boards and committees of Conference and of institutions of Conference. Is member of board of examiners and of board of i and visitors of McKendree College. Six Hundred and Ten A J2nd degree Mason, a Shriner, an OJJ Fellow, a member of the Eastern Star, ot the Rebecca Lodge, and the Tribe ot Ben Hur, and of the Sigma Nu Fraternity. CHANDLER B. ABEND CHE WORK of being a book-keeper, a statistician, and an insurance man, always keeps Mr. Chandler B, Abend, of St. Louis, very busy. Mr. Abend attended the pub- lic schools of Belleville, and spent the year 1881 in study at McKendree College, where he was a member of Philo. In 1919 he was married to Miss Mary Bean, who has been a real partner in all affairs of life. Mr. Abend began business in St. Louis in iSS ;; for many years he has been a thrifty business man. He carefully supported his par- ents until their death in 1914 and 191 5. His brother, Adolph, who died in 192 ' ;, attended McKendree College with him in 1881. The father of Mr. Abend, Henry, was of German parentage. His mother, who was Miss Mary C. Buchanan, had lived in Belleville for JESSE W. BLYTHE ©HERE ARE very few men in the City of St. Louis who have contributed more to the city ' s development than has Mr. Jesse W. Blythe, Assistant Director of the Missouri Committee on Public Utility Information. For seven years, as a member of the advertis- ing staff of the John Ring Jr. Advertising Co., Mr. Blythe conducted the research and wrote all of the advertisements appearing in magazines and newspapers throughout the country advertising St. Louis for the St. Louis Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Blythe handled all of the publicity and advertising for the $87,500,000 bond issue for general public improvements in St. Louis, and contributed largely to the success of the campaign For several years Mr. Blythe was City Hall reporter for various St. Louis newspapers, and is welt-versed in statewide politics. He has been staff correspondent for St. Louis newspapers, and has held editorial positions. Mr. Blythe received his elementary school training in Shelbyville, Illinois, and after grad- uating from McKendree College in 1894, prac- ticed law in East St. Louis. He was married in 1899 to Miss Georgie E. Carter. There were two children: Donald W., deceased, and a daughter. Mrs. Gladys Mitchell. His home is at 708 West Bend Road, Webster Groves, Mi R. KEITH PURL 4 KEITH PURL, principal of Dupo Com- _| munity High School, born on Dec. 8, iSi ), at CarroUton, Illinois, son of O. T. and BLinche Scandrett Purl. Educated in CarroU- ton public schools, lUinois State Normal Uni- versity, University of Colorado, and University of Illinois. Received bachelor ' s degree in 1922 from latter. Served in navy for one year. Has taught in White Hall, CarroUton, Longview; in 192J came to Dupo High School. On Aug. 8th of that same year, married to Miss Muriel A. Thompson, of Rantoul, Illinois, daughter of Theodore Thompson and Bessie Collins Thomp- son. Mrs. Purl is graduate of Rantoul High School, has been a student of Illinois Woman ' s College and of University of Illinois. Is graduate nurse from Walter Reed Hospital. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Purl, Oliver Thomas, born at Dupo, on June 5, 1924. Golf and tennis are preferred sports of Mr. Purl. He is a Shriner, Knight Templar, and Odd Fellow. CHARLES A. BEVIS HAR OUT IN sunny California lives Mr. Charles A. Bevis, a realtor in the city of Van Nuys since 1913. He was born in Olney, Illinois, received his high school training in Newton, and attended McKendree from 1897- 18 pS, married, in 1902, to Miss Ada Lemay. The couple are parents of three children — Margaret, a University of California graduate; Albert L., and Emma. Mr. Bevis is a director of the Bank of Van Nuys, and holds membership in the Board of Governors, the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce and the San Fernando Valley Branch. JAMES M. AMES J = HERE are few people who can trace their I) ancestry as far back as can James M . Ames, a descendant of William Ames, who was born m Somersetshire, England, on Oct. fi, 1605, and who, in 1646, settled in Braintree, Massa- chusetts. James M. Ames was born in East St. Louis, Illinois, on March 21, 1876. His father was well-known as miller and land-owner. He moved his family from East St. Louis, in 1876, to Rose Bud. Ten years later he removed to Chester, where the subject of this sketch secured his edu- cation. In 1890, he came to East St. Louis. Here he worked in the store of J. P. Becker, and some- time later, as a street car conductor. In the follow- ing year Mr. Ames was married to Mary Ellen McGrory, in East St. Louis. In 1911, Mr. Ames was made a fireman. Since then, he has held practically every position in W. W. STINES the fire department. Because of his courage and bravery when fighting fires, and because of his ability in handling men, he was made Fire Chief in 1927, a position which he holds at present. CHARITY A, LEE ISS CHARITY AMANDA LEE, the winner of the Director ' s Medal in the piano contest of the McKendree Con- servatory of Music, in 1914, is a piano teacher in Trenton, Illinois. After completing her gram- mar school work in the Trenton Public School and SIX months ' work in the local high school, which was thus shortened because of ill health, she attended the Beethoven Conservatory of Music in St. Louis. In 1916 she was graduated from the McKendree Conservatory of Music. Miss Lee was an organ student of McKen- dree College in the term of 1927-1928. At pres- en t she is the organist of the Trenton M. E. Church. CHARLES D. SHUMARD CHIS GENTLEMAN, a member of the joint board of McKendree for twenty-five years and a minister who has built two churches. Rev. Chas. D. Shumard has made for himself an enviable record. He attended school at Normal, Illinois, and received the honorary degree of D. D. from McKendree College in igio. The churches which were erected through his inspiration and direction are the First Meth- odist, at Alton, and at Marissa. In 1877, Mr. Six Hundred and Eleven MR. J. K. EWING Shumard began teaching and followed that pro- fession for eleven years, until he entered the ministry. On Dec. 4, 1879, Mr. Shumard and Miss E. Funkhouser were married. Mrs. Mabel F. Ma- hon, of Mt. Carmel, Illinois, is their only child. Mrs. Shumard ' s people were formerly from Prussia. Her grandfather Funkhouser was in the Senate and Legislature at two different times. Rev. Shumard has held the following charges: 1888, Freeburg; 1892, Trenton; 1894, Greenville; 1899, Belleville; 1902, Lebanon District; 1907, Mt. Vernon; 1909, Mt. Carmel; 191J, Vandalia; 1917, Metropolis; 1920, Alton, First; 1926, Albion. W. W. STINES yr fR. STINES, who is a dealer in real estate, J[J and the proprietor of a service station at 3,101 State Street, East St. Louis, comes from the state of Ohio. He was born at Dayton. April 17, 1869. His father, W. W. Stines, died in 1875, and the mother in the same year, and left their two boys to make their way in the world greatly handicapped. They went West and worked at different occupations for some time. At the age of seventeen, our subject was working in St. Louis, but left this city and secured employ- ment in the casting department of the Crystal City Plate Glass Co., at Crystal City, Mo.; was made foreman of the department two years later, remained here until 1894, when he came to East St. Louis and found employment with Morris y Co. He worked in the mechanical department of this plant for twelve years, resigned in 1907 to take a position as engineer with the East St. Louis and Suburban Railway at their Winstanley powerhouse, and remained here until the plant was discontinued in 192J. Having acquired a good amount of property, he now entered the real estate business, and . later put up, on his property, the Stines ' Service Station. He married on the day after Christmas, 1885, Miss Anna Roussin, and has three children — Elizabeth, Thomas, and WiUiam. The older boy was graduated from the St. Louis Medical School and is now a practicing physician. The daughter is married to Mr. Dan O ' Connell, and the younger son is in business with his father. All his children received a good education, in fact, Mr. Stines came to East St. Louis for this pur- pose, having learned of its excellent schools. Mr. Stines is serving his fourth term on the city school board; he was first elected in igi ' j. He is a Mason, a Modern Woodman, diligently attends to business, and enjoys hunting for recreation. JAMES K. EWING XN 191 ' ;, Mr. James K. Ewing, of East St. Louis, was appointed Probation and Humane Officer for the city and the sur- rounding communities. Mr. Ewing was born at Louisville, Kentucky, on Aug. 29, 1866, the son of George W. and Elizabeth Dryden Ewing, both Scotch. James Ewing, after being graduated from the Kenyon College, of Gambrier, Ohio, began rail- roading in Louisville for the Baltimore and Ohio, and later was employed by the Chicago and Alton for about twenty years, during which time he travelled extensively. Mrs. Ewing was born at Cahokia 111., April 1 , 1869, the daughter of Calvin and Cordeha McCready. Ada F. McCready was married to Mr. Ewing on Jan. 27, 1886. They have two children — James K., Jr., born Sept. 4, 1887, now a live stock and commission man in Kansas City; and George W., born July 4, 1889, who is em- ployed in St. Louis as chief of the cleaning de- partment for the Mobile and Ohio Railroad Company. Mrs. Ewing acted as mother to two other children — a niece, Stella McCready, now Mrs. John Hancock, of Fort Worth, Texas, and Mary McFarland. Mrs. Ewing is a graduate of the East St. Louis High School and of the Bee- thoven Conservatory of Music, in St. Louis; is a member of the Excelsior Club and a charter member of the Shubert Club. Mr. Ewing was for four years a member of the board of supervisors (:9i8-i92i), helped or- ganize the Traveling Nurse Association in 1918. cooperated with Judge Messick of the Juvenile Court until the Judge ' s death, was chairman ot the Dependent Children ' s Home Committee, and has been president ot the Boy Scout organ- ization for two years, during which time it has grown from 400 to iioo members. He under- stands youth, is greatly interested in young people, and has always been unselfish in his REV. GEORGE L. LOSH, D. D. gLTHOUGH FOR the past four years he has been pastor of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Urbana, Illinois, Rev. G. L. Losh is best known to present McKen- dreans as their beloved evangelist of the last two years. Rev. Losh did all his academic work and the most of his university work in the city of Cincinnati and received his Bachelor of Arts de gree from the American University and an honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from Mc- Kendree College in 1928. In 190 , he was married to Miss Frances P. Finch of Cincinnati. He was engaged in business until 191 4 when he entered the ministry. Rev. Losh is a third degree Mason and an Odd Fellow. He has been president of the Chamber of Commerce, a member of different school boards and is at present a member of the Illinois Wesleyan Board and Chaddock Boys School Board of Directors and is also the presi- dent of the Epworth League Institute of the Illinois Conference. JAMES L. McCORMACK, M. D. OR. JAMES LINCOLN McCORMACK, a physician of great success at Bone Gap, Illinois, was born at Newton on April 25, 1865. He attended McKendree, Rush Medical, Chicago, and the College of Physicians and Sur- geons of St. Louis, Missouri. He has been prac- ticing his profession since 1892, all of which time he has been located in Southern Illinois. In i8gi. Dr. McCormack married Miss Al- wilda Hocking, of West Liberty. Illinois. All of their children were students of McKendree Col- lege. Glen, their only son, who was graduated in 191 . with a B. S. degree, died a hero ' s death in the World War. Three daughters, Mabel, Grace, and Dorothy, also attended McKendree. The latter was at the college at the time of her death. A few years ago. Dr. McCormack ' s nephew, Virgil, attended McKendree. Dr. Mc- Cormack has always been a friend of McKen- dree, a capable physician, and a prominent citizen of his county. Six Hundred and Twelv __ Mc KE NDREE S: ..: REV. EDMUND F. WILLIAMS 0DMUND F. WILLIAMS, veteran of Spanish-American War, pastor of Meth- odist Church in Marissa since 1925- Bo at West Frankfort, III, Sept. 2-;, 1880, son of John M. Williams and Sarah E. Scarlett Williams. Received public school education in native city, attended university at Fort Worth, Texas. Admitted to Oklahoma Conference in 1904, transferred to the Columbia River Conference, of Washington, to the Illinois, and later to the Southern Illinois Conference. Has been pastor of M. E. Church of Granite City, and Bond Avenue Methodist Church of East St. Louis. On Oct. 14, 1904, was married to Johanna Blinka, born in Austria, January 18, 1880. Came to Galveston, Texas, and received early educa- tion. Attended Huntsville State Teachers Nor- mal, and Methodist School at Fort Worth. Taught school for nine years, missionary for three years, member of Fort Worth University faculty. She speaks six languages. REV. WM. M. LANE yj R- Wm. M. Lane, Methodist pastoral tIJ Creal Springs since 192 ' ;, was born in CoU-ell County, Ky., April 17, 187J, and was educated at Cave-in-Rock public schools, and at the State Normal. He taught school sev- eral years; worked for a number of years as carpenter-contractor; pastor at Crab Orchard, and at Karnak; attended summer school of The- ology at McKendree; married to Minnie Belt, of Hardin County. 111. They have two sons — Enos and Radford. Mrs. Lane taught school five years after her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Lane are loved and respected by their many friends. VERNON G. MAYS =| R. VERNON GRIFFITH MAYS, super- IM intendent of Lebanon public schools, was born in Newburg, W. Va. He attended pubhc school in Michigan, was graduated from Albion College (Mich.) with degree of Ph. B,; had more than three years of post-graduate study in the Universities of Chicago, Michigan (from which he received degree of Master of Arts), and Columbia, New York City. In the last, he held a scholarship for work in Teachers College, in which he prepared one year for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Mr. Mays has devoted his life to helping young people attain the highest possible stand- ards of mental and moral development. As an educator, he has held important positions, climb- ing from teacher in rural school, thru superin- tcnJcncies and pnncipalships ot smaller cities to that of Supt. of Schools of St. Joseph, Missouri. He served as principal of the high school at Lin- coln, Nebr. seven years, and at Lewistown and Great Falls, Mont., each two years; of the Model High School of the University of Nebraska one summer; and taught in the University of Ne- braska two summers, and has been engaged to teach in McKendree College this summer, having work in the Social Science department. In each of the five states in which he has served, he has been a member of the executive committee of the State Teachers ' Associations, and in each held the otEce of district president. Since early boyhood, Mr. Mays has been active in church work, and that of its auxiliaries, and has filled nearly every ofEce of each. He has been a Rotarian for twelve years; a Mason, both of the York Rite, and of the Scottish Rite, including that of the Commandery of Knights Templar, and of the Mystic Shrine; a member-at-large of the National Social Science Honor Society — Pi Gamma Mu. Also, a member of the National Educational Association, the National Association of School Superintendence, the National Society for Scientific Study of Edu- cation, a charter member of the National Asso- ciation of Secondary School Principals, and a charter member of the National Vocational Guidance Association, and member of other social and civic organizations. Mr. Mays was married to Miss Mabel A. Benham, of Ann Arbor, Michigan. Besides her membership in local church, social, and literary clubs, Mrs. Mays is a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and of the national P. E. O. sisterhood. Their only daughter, Helen Isabelle, is a mem- ber of the 1928 class in Lebanon Community High School, and a student of voice in McKen- dree College. REVEREND WILLIAM SCHUTZ HOR FIFTY-EIGHT years Rev. Schutz, of Bunker Hill, Illinois, has devoted his ser- vices to the ministry. He is the oldest effective minister in the Mid-West, and has missed his appointments only four times during his ministry. When only seventeen years ot age he enlisted as a volunteer in the 14th Illinois Cavalry, serving for eighteen months. Rev. Schutz was born in Prussia. Germany, Feb. 22, 1847, id began the ministry in April, 1870. At the age of twenty-five he married Miss Mary Mueller, of Belleville, III, and later, after having been left a widower several years, he was married again, (in 1915) to Mrs. Pauline DR. PERCY H. SWAHLEN Jaenicken. Rev. Schutz ' s children are: H. W. Schutz, an accountant in the Christian Mission- ary Society, of St. Louis; John; H. J. Sheet, who changed his name on account of the World War, and who, for tw ' enty-one years, has been a mis- sionary in India; Mrs. J. A. New, Springfield, 111.; and Mrs. F. H. Jaenicken, Chicago. From 1891-97 Rev. Schutz was Superintendent of the Quincy District, and in 1896 he was delegate to General Conference, at Cleveland, Ohio. The little gray Schutz Memorial Church at Bunker Hill and the loving remembrance of his people wherever he has served are both expres- sions of Rev. Schutz ' s true Christian worth. HARRY E. MUELLER nARRY E. MUELLER, of Lebanon, young- est of the four children of John and Mary Weber Mueller, was born on a farm near New Memphis, 111., August 14, 1893. Harry was given his common school education at New Memphis, and in 1918 was graduated from the McKendree School of Music. After this, he served in the Army, and worked for the Shap- leigh Hardware Company, of St. Louis. In 1920, he re-entered McKendree, completed the aca- demic and college courses, and graduated with a B. S. degree. During this time he taught Violin in the College, directed the College Orchestra (1923-1926), and was instructor of Violin in the Heink Conservatory of Music in St. Louis (1921-1923). ' NOTE— His biography 1 page 2 H. E. MUELLER REV. WILLIAM SCHUTZ REV. H. G BECK PROF. B, G. MERKEL THOMAS MEEHAN While in college, Harry was a Platonian, and during the summer of 1924, he traveled with the McKendree Quartet, assisting in advertising the college. Always a hard worker, a jolly good fellow, a scientist, and an artist, Harry is one of McKen- dree ' s noble sons. REV. HARRIS G. BECK, D. D. SEV. HARRIS G. BECK, D. D., is the pastor of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Mattoon — a church which has a membership of 0% ' er two thousand. He was born on July II, 1886, in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In this city he attended high school. After gradua- tion, he entered the old Epworth University, and in igo8, was graduated with an A. B. degree. In June, 1928, he received a degree of D. D. from McKendree College. In 1908, Rev. I5eck was married to Miss Jessie Wheat — a happy union of which there are three children: Roberta, Junior, and Emerson. Rev. Beck joined the Illinois Conference in 1912, and was minister at Bellflower until 1914. From 1914 to 1917, he was pastor at De Land. During the Great War, he served as Chaplain- First Lieutenant. He came to Mattoon in 1924, after having served at Newman and Hoopeston. Rev. Beck was the dean of the Illinois Conference Epworth League Institute from 1922 to 1928. BENJAMIN G. MERKEL ©ENJAMIN GEO., the son of Mr. and Mrs. George Merkel, was born August 4, 1897, and obtained his education in the public schools, in the Northern lUinois Normal, and in the Southern Illinois Normal, from which latter institution he graduated in 1925. Since then he has pursued post graduate studies. Dur- ing the period of his normal training he taught school six years, and by this means paid the ex- penses of his higher education. He came to Free- burg to take the position of principal just after his graduation, and has remained in this position. Mr. Merkel has but recently married, on November 6, 1926. Mrs. Merkel is one of Free- burg ' s cultured young ladies, formerly Emma L. Krauss, the daughter of a well-known merchant and musician of this city — Theodore Krauss. She was born in Freeburg on March 19, 1907, and was given, in addition to a high school training, a good musical education. She is a graduate in music. Professor Merkel was obliged to work hard for his higher education and he is now one of the able, though youngest, principals in this county. ERNEST EVANS R. ERNEST EVANS, an O ' Fallon miner, born in Olney, Indiana, Oct. ij. 1878. son of Horace and Amanda Evans. His father IS living at Marissa, 111. Mr. Evans obtained common school education in O ' Fallon schools and worked on farm for three years, and then started mining, and has remained at this work. Oct. 6, 1904, married Miss Mary Hooley, of Collinsville, born on Dec. 18, 1882, daughter of William and Ann HoUey. Mrs. Evans also re- ceived education in O ' Fallon public schools. One son, Harold, born on July 8, 1907. The mother is a member of the Pocahontas Society. Mr. Evans is a member of Redmen, and holds office of chief of records and secretary in this fraternity. He is master of finance in the K. P. Lodge. For the past four years he has been a member of the city school board. THOMAS M. MEEHAN XN 1904. Mr. Thomas M. Meehan, repre- sentative for the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, came to O ' Fallon. He is a native of Indiana, was born at Paola, in Orange County, on July 22, 1876. His parents, J. W. Meehan and Rachel Froman, are living in East St. Louis, where the father is employed as a railroad man. Thomas attended the public schools at Shoals, Ind. for two years, and at Winslow, Ind. for two years. The rest of his education was secured at Mt. Carmel, 111. His first employment was with a raikoad company, as a clerk, which position he kept until he was eighteen. Then he entered the train service, remaining in this until May, IQ20, and worked at several occupations, including two ycirs at the mines, before entering the insurance bus-.ness. Miss Effle Neville, to whom he was married on Christmas Eve in 1905, is an O ' Fallon lady, born on June 27, 1882, the daughter of Charles and Bertha Neville. Her father died in 1917; the mother is living in Detroit, Mich. Two children have been born in the Meehan home — Opal F., on August ■;, 1907; and Garnett M, on August 10, 191 1. Opal graduated from the O ' Fallon High School, and is now attending McKendree, a Jun- ior, and an honor student. Garnett is a sopho- more in high school. Mr. Meehan is a Mason and a Shriner. He served as alderman in O ' Fallon for two years, and in the spring of 1927 was elected a member of the city school board. Content with the in- surance business, he is in it to stay. HENRY TRABAND, Jr. nENRY TRABAND, Jr. entered the cigar manufacturing business of his father about iSqo. He was born in Lebanon, the . ' on of Henry and Lena Campe Traband; received a public school education, and spent two years in McKendree College. Then he worked as a store clerk. On January 22, 1894, he married Miss Eliza Creed, a Lebanon girl, born August 28, 1874, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Jos. Creed. To them have been born four children, three of whom are still living. Emmjtt, the youngest, died on August ■;, 1919. Lena is now the wife of Simon Wessel, a clerk of the Wabash Railroad in St. Louis; William Henry, who is employed by the Standard Oil Co. at Wood River, 111., married Leola Morton, of Bachtown, 111.; and Luretta Irene is married to Mr. A. J. Schoene, a garage proprietor and the Chevrolet agent in Lebanon. Mr. Traband is a Mason and an Odd Fellow, and has been a member of the Lebanon Board of Education for more than twenty years. REV. DAVID FROESCHLE, D. D. (f EV. DAVID FROESCHLE, D. D., a J minister of the Zion M. E. Church, of Granite City, was born in 1864, in Cin- cinnati, Ohio. At the age of nineteen, he re- sponded to the call of the ministry. He was HENRY TRABAND REV. DAVID FROESCHLE F. G. NUETZEL F. A WALTON Si.x Hundred and E graduated in 1891 from the Theological Seminary at Central Wesleyan College, of Warrenton, Missouri. Rev. Foreschle served in the St. Louis German Conference for thirty-four years, and, in 1925, was transferred to the Southern Illinois Conference. At the Centennial Commencement exercises of McKendree College, the honorary degree of D. D. was conferred upon him. FRED G. NUETZEL HRED G. NUETZEL, born at CaseyviUe, April 10, 1875. His father — also named Fred G. Nuetzel — was born in Bavaria, Germany, December 8, i8jj; came to this coun- try at age of twenty-two; died December 7, 1922. Fred G. Nuetzel, Jr., attended public schools of CaseyviUe until he was fourteen years old; in 189 ' ;, attended McKendree College for a short while. In 1899, started farming for himself; now owns a lucrative truck farm. Married Miss Louisa M. Niebruegge, April 18, 1899. Three children: Earl H., born January 7, 1901, now married to Miss Pauline Gossman; Arnold P., born Sept. 25, 1905; and Irvin G., born Aug. 12, 1908, and died May 2, 1919. Mr. Neutzel ' s hobby — music. He played drum in Collinsville band. Member of Collinsville local No. 350, A. F. of M.; treasurer and member of board of directors of this organization for twelve years. F. A. WALTON R. F. A. WALTON has the distinction of belonging to one of the good old fam- ilies of Missouri. His parents, J. H. Wal- ton and Mary E. Wyatt Walton, lived on a farm at Hawk Point, Missouri, and here on the 25th of July, 1875, F. A. Walton was born. Mr. Walton was educated in Buchanan High School, at Troy. Mo., and at Central Wesleyan College, Mo. After the completion of his studies, he taught school in his native state tor three years, and then turned his attention to farming for a while. He left the farm to become the manager of the Wm. PoUoch grain business, at Hawk Point, and a Uttle later he assumed the management of the elevator company at Troy, and continued as the director of this company for eight years. In 1920, he came to Belleville, 111., to assume similar duties here as manager of the Belleville Cooperative Grain Company. Miss Ehzabeth R. Ball, to whom Mr. Walton was married on June 14, 1907, was born in Jones- burg, Mo., in 188;, on Aug. 19. They have two children, a son and a daughter. Their hoy, William H., who is twenty years of age, is a graduate ot the Belleville High School and also of the College of Pharmacy, in St. Louis. He is at present a student of medicine in the University of Illinois, and is well-advanced for a young man ot his age. Ester Lee, the daughter, is thirteen years old and is attending Junior High, in Belle- ville; She was born on Nov. 6, 1914, also in the state ot Missouri. Mr. Walton is a member of the Order of Odd Fellows and of the Methodist Church. In the latter he serves on the Board of Stewards. THE HUSSONG FAMILY I KO THE RESIDENTS of Lebanon, and L J to many former and present day teachers and students of McKendree. members of the Hussong family have been known for many years. George J. Hussong (died 1896) and his wife, Mary M. Hussong, lived for many years on a farm near Alhambra, 111. At her husband ' s death Mrs. Hussong moved to Lebanon, where she died February 20, 190J. A brief account of the children ' s lives follows: Thos. J. Hus- song, born Sept. 25, 1863, attended public schools, and McKendree, now teaching Manual Training in Alton, 111. schools. Married to Lucy Holoway, of Piasa, 111., also a former McKendree student. Odd Fellow and member of Methodist Church. Daniel W. Hussong, born Feb. 7, 1872, completed grade schools, and two years in Car- bondale Normal, taught five years, employed in Granite City several years, entered Methodist ministry 1908. Married Lura F. Gruver, Nov. 26, 1896. Six children — Harold, Gladys, Earl and Richard are living. Earl is in the McKendree Centennial Class. Mrs. Hussong died in May, 1927. Rev. Hussong is now pastor at Wood River; attended McKendree Theological School summers of 1924-25-26-27. Sadie F. Hussong, now Mrs. Wm. Jackson, of Godfrey, 111., born Oct. 1, 1875, educated, in public schools and one year in McKendree, taught many years. Has three children — Sadie, Dorothy, and William. Andrew J. Hussong, born Dec. 29, 1877, attended public schools, and McKendree three years; is married and is post office employee in St. Louis. Has one daughter. M. Mae Hussong, born Feb. 29, 1S80, married to George Ritcher, of Alton, graduate of Leb- anon High School and McKendree (1905). taught in East St. Louis several years before her mar- riage. Has one son. The entire family, including the father, George J. Hussong, have always been interested in education and are friends of Mc- Kendree. EDWARD F SCHMELZEL GEORGE H. NUERNBERGER eEORGE NUERNBERGER was born in New Athens Township August 31, 1879, and after receiving a public school educa- tion, worked on his farmer ' s farm until 1906, the year of his marriage to Anna E. Junk, the daugh- ter of Herman Junk and Elizabeth Ritzel. She is one of a family of eight children, and hke her husband, received her education in the public school. Mr. Nuernberger, too, comes from a fam- ily of eight children. Louis Nuernberger, his father, died July 27, 1910; and his mother, Augusta (Kunze) Nuernberger, died February II, 1905. Mr. and Mrs. George Nuernberger have four children — Herman P. was born February 22, 1907; Otto L. was born on July 9th of the fol- lowing year; Wilbur D. on November 8, 1910; and their daughter Virginia on August 6, 191 5. After his marriage, Mr. Nuernberger began farming for himself on his father ' s 280 acre estate, on which his grand-parents located in 1840. He has bought additional land until he now owns 424 acres. In 19:6, he was elected a member of the Board of Supervisors for his to wn- ship; has been the president of the New Athens Community High School; and has served as a Precinct Committeeman of New Athens Town- ship. Mr. Nuernberger is by religion an Evan- gelical, and has been a trustee in his church for two years. REV. GEO. R. GOODMAN CONRAD A. KOLDITZ GONRAD KOLDITZ, adopted son of Charles A. Kolditz and Maria Kraemer, born in New Athens, January 19, 1884, received his education in pubhc school and in Belleville Commercial College. First positions, stock clerk for the Inland Type Foundry, St. Louis, Mo., and employee of American Agricul- tural Chemical Company, of East St. Louis. Since 1918, bookkeeper for Auto Stove Works, New Athens. Mrs. Conrad Kolditz, the daughter of John Westrich and Johanna Siegfried, was born in Belleville, Illinois, on April 12, x886, and was married to Mr. Kolditz on July 7, 191 1. Mr. Kolditz has served on New Athens school board since 1921, is the secretary of the town school board, as well as a village trustee. He has been the secretary of the Evangelical Brother- hood, is a member of the Commercial Club, is a Shriner in the Masonic Lodge, and also a Knight Templar. He enjoys hunting and fishing. WILLIAM F. SIPFLE SEVEREND WM. F. SIPFLE, the subject of this sketch, was born in Peoria, Illinois, on Sept. 16, 1857. He was educated at Central Wesleyan College and at Iowa Wesleyan University. He was received into the St. Louis German Conference in 1882. In that conference he served the following charges: Wellman, la., 1882-84; Des Moines, la., 1884-87; Harper, la., 1887-89; Mt. Pleasant, la., 1889-91; Dodgeville, ja. (circuit), 1891-93; Petersburg, 111. (circuit), 1893-97; Emden and Hartsburg, 111. (circuit), 1897-1901; Mascoutah, 111., 1901-07; Edwards- ville. 111. (Immanuel Church), 1907-13: Warsaw, 111., 1913-14. The Mascoutah church celebrated its seventy-fifth anniversary in 1916. On August 26, 1884, Rev. Sipfle married Mathilda Miller, of Burlington, la. Three chil- dren. Miller, Laura, and Philip, were born to this happy union. Mrs. Sipfle went to her crown- ing Sept. 6, 1915. Rev. Sipfle has always been very greatly inter- ested in history and has contributed a great deal to the records of various churches. In th e Blue Book is to be found Rev. Sipfle ' s History of the Mascoutah Congregation. He also wrote the His- tory of the Edwardsville Congregation at the fiftieth anniversary of the Immanuel Church. For the past eighteen years Rev. Sipfle has been in or near Edwardsville, where he now resides. REV. SAMUEL THERO AMUEL THERO was born January 10, J J 1871, in Farmington, Iowa. After being graduated from high school, he studied three years in Iowa Wesleyan University. At 21, he was ordained a minister in the Methodist Church, and was a member of the Iowa Con- ference for ten years. His parents, William F. and Elizabeth Heine- man Thero, are both deceased. On Nov. I, 1893, he was married to Jennie Owen- To them have been born two children — Jennie, now Mrs. George M. Nessel, born Nov. 27, 1896; and Samuel Griffith, born April 24, 1899. principal of the Lucknow Christian School of Commerce, in India, and warden and treas- urer of the Warne, Hostel for boys. In 1902, Rev. Thero transferred to the South- ern Illinois Conference and was a member of this conference for the remainder of his life. From 1922 to 1924. he acted as superintendent of the Mt. Vernon, Illinois Methodist Orphan- age, and immediately preceding his death on April 28, 1927, he was pastor of the Bond Ave- nue Methodist Church and of the Settlement House, both in East St. Louis. The Western Christian Advocate of June 2. 1927 says of him, As a minister, the quahty of his work and his standing among his fellow ministers has always been far above the grade of appointments he held. He sought service rather than personal advancement He sacrificed to the very limit of bare necessities for himself and wife, and has sent hundreds of dollars to the missionarv work in India. EDWARD F. SCHMELZEL J HE SUPERINTENDENT of the Dupo V. J Schools was born on August 9, 1894, near New Athens, Illinois. There his parents moved m 1902, and there he received his gram- mar and high school training. His parents, both living, are John D. and Anna M. Yoeckel Schmelzel. In 192 ' ; Edward Schmelzel was graduated from the Illinois State Normal University, where his scholarship had been rewarded, previous to this, by his election to Kappa Delta Pi, honorary scholarship fraternity. Since his graduation, he has taught in the Hertell School, near Freeburg, in New Athens, and in Belleville — in the last named place as principal of the Bunsen School. In 1921 he was elected to his present position as supervisor of the Dupo, the Sugar Loaf, and the Bixley Schools. The introduction of a Lyceum Course in Dupo was due to the efforts of Mr. Schmelzel. On December 11, 1919, he was married to Minnie A. Wirth, daughter of George Wirth, of New Athens. She was born April 3, 1895, received a high school education, and afterwards was graduated from the Weltner Conservatory of Music in St. Louis. Mr. Schmelzel, during the late war, served as field clerk in the Quartermaster ' s Corps. He IS a member of the Odd Fellows. Hunt- ing and fishing are his favorite recreations. REV. GEORGE R. GOODMAN, D. D. J HE MEN are few who have inspired the IJ building of more churches than has Rev. George Robert Goodman, D. D. Under his ministry, churches were built at Green Hill, Zion and Benton. He rebuilt the Bridgeport Church and enlarged the Eldorado Church. Par- sonages were built at Eldorado, Benton (pur- chased) and Mt. Vernon. Aided by his efforts while Superintendent of the East St. Louis Dis- trict, many splendid church buildings were erected in this district. Dr. Goodman attended McKendree College in 95 and ' 96, but was unable to complete his work because of ill health. In ' 98 he went to Arizona, but later returned to the Southern Illinois Conference, of which he is now a mem- ber. Six years ago, along with Dr. Peterson, Dr. Goodman received the degree of Doctor of Di- vinity from McKendree College, the institution in which he is now secretary of the Executive Committee. Since 1913, he has been a member of the Joint Board; in 1924 he was elected to the General Conference, and is now the Secre- Si.x Hundred and Sixteen MC KENDREE ..... _„ tary of the Southern Illinois Conference. Dr. Goodman is a Philo, a Mason, an OdU Fellow, and a Mystic-Worker. In 1896, Dr. Goodman was married to Carrie A. Berkshire, of Lawrence County, Illinois, a union that was blessed with live children: Ger- ald M., Herald R,, Mildred E,, Pauline M., and George, Junior. WALTER J. GRODEON ij ALTER GRODEON, mail carrier on R. iy R. No. I, lives on a farm west of Lebanon. Born m O ' Fallon Township, Jan. 15, 1886, son of Fred and Margaret Meyer Grodeon (both deceased). Mr. Grodeon was educated in neighborhood schools and in McKendree, year of 190}; he taught school three years in Mascoutah Town- ship, and four years in Lebanon Township, be- fore his appointment on the mail route; was married August 10, 19 10, to Wanda Luckner, daughter of Charles and Emily Runkwitj Luck- ner, born in O ' Fallon Township, on December 31, 1886. Mrs. Grodeon received her education in Summertield and Shiloh Valley public schools. She and Mr. Grodeon have no children. Mem- bers of Methodist Church. REV. VIRGIL N. GOULD R. GOULD, pastor of the Union Meth- odist Church at Freeburg, Illinois, was born on a farm, Edwards County, Illinois, attended the public schools, graduated from high school, and worked on his father ' s farm until he was twenty-one, when he began farming for him- self. On May 11, 1893, he married Dora Sophia Leighton, of Covington, Virginia. They have four children: Edwin Malcom, born Sept. 11, 1894, McKendree graduate — now teacher of music in Ashville, North Carolina, High School; Victor, born Nov. 23, 1898, attended McKen- dree two years, graduated from IlUnois Univer- sity in 1922, and from Washington University Medical School in 1926 — now an interne in the new Maternity Hospital of Washington Uni- versity, in St. Louis; Paul G., born Feb. 21, 1900, spent four years in teaching, and is now a senior in McKendree; the daughter, Areta H., born on October 18, 1907, studied one year at Illinois Wesleyan, Bloomington, Illinois, and one year at McKendree — now teaching in the public schools of Granite City. Mr. Gould is a great reader and a writer, and has been a member of the Southern Illinois Conference since 1907. JAMES G. WILKIN t R JAMES GARLAND WILKIN, a mem- jI bcr of McKendree ' s Board of Trustees, was born in Crawford County, Illinois, July 17, 188 ' ;, the younger son of Rev. L. C, Wilkin. Mr. Wilkin has been connected with such firms as the Woolson Spice Company of Toledo, Ohio, and the B. F. Goodrich Rubber Co., of Akron, Ohio (with the latter for more than ten years). He is also part owner and mana- ger of a large cotton plantation m Mississippi, which furnishes work for thirty-three families. He was married October 20, 1909 to Miss Nellie Levering, Assistant Cashier of the First National Bank of Olney. They have one daugh- ter, Mildred Corinne, who is a junior in the High School at Robinson, where the Wilkins now reside. Mrs. Wilkin is an active worker in various lines of church and club work and is Conference Superintendent of the Y. P. for the W. F. M. S. of Southern Illinois. She and Mr. Wilkin are both members of the OiEcial Board of their local church. CHARLES M. MINTER CHARLES M. MINTER, before coming to East St. Louis, Illinois, had been the publisher of a weekly newspaper, the Campbell Hill Illinois EcUpse. Before going into the newspaper business he followed farming for several years m Randolph County, 111., in which county, at Shiloh Hill, he was on Jan. 13, 1874. Here he secured his common school and high school education. In 1904, after arriving in East St. Louis, he began his career as a conductor for the East St. Louis and Surburhan Railway Company, and held this position for thirteen years, leaving it in 1917 to take up new duties as a foreman for the Oertell Roofing Company, which position he held until 1919. Then he bought out the coal business which was being operated under the firm name of Fred Koehler, at 21st and State Streets, and which he changed to the name of the Charles Minter Coal Company. On Dec. 7, 1907, Mr. Minter married Miss Gertrude M. Gardner. To Mr. and Mrs. Minter there was born, on Aug. 13, 1909, a daughter, Margaret G., who is a graduate of the East St. Louis High School, and who since her graduation has studied music in the Lieber Conservatory of Music in her native city. She is a graduate of this school. Now Margaret is a student of the pipe organ and is also a teacher of music. For the last SIX years she has been pianist for the Sunday School of the First M. E. Church m East St. Louis, of which church Miss Minter and her parents are members. LOUIS A. BUTTS Mr. Minter is an active member of this church and serves on its board of trustees. He is a 32nd degree Mason, and a member of the Blue Lodge No. 504. He is also an Odd Fellow. ADAM SENSEL a DAM SENSEL was born at Floraville, Monroe County, on January 10, 1879, the son of Henry Sensel and Mary Mat- zenbacher Sensel. Mr. Sensel attended the schools of Goeddeltown, Monroe County, III., and then worked on his father ' s farm until he was twenty- seven years of age. He was married on November 8, 1905, to Miss Rosalie Wietkamp, of Monroe County. In 1923, Mr. and Mrs. Sensel left Monroe County and rented a farm of 172 acres in St. Clair Coun- ty, one mile north of Scott Field. Mrs. Sensel was born January 22, 1880, and was educated in the Valmyer Central School, Monroe County. She has borne Mr. Sensel two children — Goldie E., and Elmer H., on Decem- ber 13, 1906, and February 13, 1913. Since 1924, Mr. Sensel has been president of the School Board of District No. 86. He served on the Board of East Carondelet for three years. He belongs to the Woodmen and to the Evan- gelical Church. ROBERT P. MUNGER XF A PERSON were to take a look into the record of the various occupations in the life of Robert P. Munger, he would undoubtedly come to the conclusion that this gentleman has indeed tried his hand with quite Si.v Hundred and Seienteen __ - MC KENDREE- s :. .,. .. G, L. OBERNAGEL a few of them with some degree of success. Mr. Munger was born on November 26, 1878, in Moberly, Missouri. After attending various grade schools, he entered the Southern IMinois Normal University, of Carbondale, an institu- tion from which he was graduated in 1898. In this city, Mr. Munger served as an assistant postmaster, and later on as a trainmaster on the 1. C. Railway Company. Next, he was appointed assistant cashier in the Jackson State Bank, of Carbondale. He then came to East St. Louis and took employment with the Illinois State Trust Company, and six months later was elected as- sistant secretary of the treasury of this firm. After reaching a still higher height, he resigned and took a position in the All Roofing Manufac- turing Company as assistant manager. In 1917, he organized the Storm Cote Roofing Corpora- tion, was made president, and then sold out to the present company, the American Asphalt Corporation, of which he is now manager, of the East St. Louis plant. Mr. Munger is married, and is the father of two children. He is a Shriner in the Masonic Lodge, an Elk, and one of the papular members of the St. Clair Country Club. WILLIAM C. SPIES nIS PARENTS— WiUiam Spies and Wil- helmina Merkelbach Spies — both born in Coblenz, Germany, came to America in 1856, and died here in 1905 and 1911, respect- ively. Their son, William C. Spies, born in Belle- ville, Oct. 24, 1858. Here received education in the public schools. Dec. 12, 1883, Mr. Spies married to Minnie C. Willman, who was born Belleville, May 9, 1855, daughter of Rudolph Willman and Johanna Stein Willman. Mr. and Mrs. Spies have daughter, Mrs. Christ A. DaumeuUer. In 1904, Mr. Spies elected to school board; re-elected since. He is a Modern Woodman and an Eagle, but spends much time in reading. Painter and paper hanger in Belleville for nearly half a century. LOUIS SCHAUBERT HOUIS SCHAUBERT, retired farmer, born near New Baden, Illinois, December 17, 1S79. Son of George Schaubert and Elizabeth Perschbacher and one of ten children. Mother died June 8, 1909, and father married Margaret Riess May 8, 1912. George Schaubert died May 31, 1914; Margaret Riess (Schaubert), on Oct. n, 1918. Louis was educated in Mas- coutah Township pubUc school, worked on father ' s farm until his marriage to Katie Krausz, daughter of Valentine and Katherine Weaver Krausz, January 23, 1902. Independent farmer 1902-1913. Retired to Mascoutah 1913, but still owns farm — 140 acres — which is rented. Mem- ber of Evangelical Church, and six years on church board. Elected alderman in 1921, and member of Mascoutah school board in 1922. An Odd Fellow, and advocate of city improvements. Mrs. Schaubert, horn October 20, 1880, near New Memphis, Clinton County, Illinois. Father born in Germany; mother in Illinois. Both par- ents are dead. One daughter, Aurelia E. Schau- bert, born February 25, 1906; a graduate of the Mascoutah Township High School. LOUIS A. BUTTS HOUIS ANDREW BUTTS, principal of the Belleville Junior High School, was born in the city of Belleville, June 30, 1894. His parents, both of whom are still living and who but recently celebrated their forty- eighth wedding anniversary, are A. W. Butts and Laura Manning Butts, former St. Louisans. His father, a farmer for twenty years and later a brick manufacturer, was born there Feb. 27, 1855 and his mother on Jan. 27 of the same year. Louis A. Butts comes from a large family ot children; he has five brothers, all of whom are older than he. He attended the public schools of Belleville, was graduated from the Belleville High School and in 1916 received his degree from Mc- Kendree College. Since that time he has taken graduate work in the University of Chicago. The year following his graduation from Mc- Kendree, Mr. Butts was made teacher and ath- letic coach in the Farmer City, Illinois. High School. Later he was made director of athletics in the Carterville, Illinois, High School. He also served in that capacity in the Benton High School and in the DesPIaines High School before he came to Belleville in 1926 as principal of the Junior High School. His hobby always has been athletics and he was a basketball and baseball star while in high school and college, at one time being captain of the college baseball team. GEORGE L. OBERNAGEL POLICY ot honesty has contributed much to the success of Mr. George Louis Ober- a agel, of 701 North lUinois Street, Belle- ville, Illinois. This man is a representative of the S. W. Straus Company, In% ' estment Bankers, with the Southern Illinois district as his field. Mr. Obernagel, a son of Mr. and Mrs. F. W. Obernagel, was born in Freeburg, Illinois, on November 8, 1888. He received his high school training in Freeburg. After attending the Belle- ville and Commercial College, he entered Mc- Kendree College. Mr. Obernagel next studied in the Interstate Audit and Accounting Bureau, of Chicago, Uhnois. During the World War, Mr. Obernagel served as a First Sergeant in the Medical Depart- ment. He spent a year in Camp Dixon, New Jersey. For six years, from igii to 1917, Mr. Obernagel rendered excellent service as Assist- ant County Treasurer of St. Clair County, 111. When the war came, in 1917, he resigned this position and entered the military service. Upon his return to civil life, in 1920, Mr. Obernagel was employed by the United States Department of Commerce. The Illinois State Commerce Com- mission employed him in 1922, but he resigned, in 1923, to accept his present position. Mr. Obernagel was married to Miss Martha Kloess, in 1923. The happy couple are blessed with a son, George William. With the same de- votion to his business that he displayed for his country when he served her, and with the atti- tude of a student, which he developed while at McKendree College, Mr. Obernagel is one of the substantial citizens of his country. FRANK J. STOFFEL ©ORN IN Mascoutah on January ' ;th, 1882, received a high school education, and learned the tinsmith ' s trade under his father Julius W. Stoffel. At the present he takes care of the tin work and the plumbing of his father ' s business. Six Hu ' idreJ and Eight MC KEN PRE E . ...- April 12, 1902, he was married to Miss Anna Eberlein, the daughter of George Eberlein, a Mascoutah business man. Four children have come into their home — George, February 22, 190J; Elva, October 4, 1904; Catherine, July 12, 1910; and Marie, September 29, 1915. Mr. StofFel has been a member of the School Board for about twelve years. PROFESSOR W. G. PADFIELD HOR MORE than forty years. Professor W. G. Padfield has been instructor in East St. Louis schools, most of this time, prin- cipal. Born near Mascoutah, Jan. 21, iS ' jS, son of J. B. Padfield and Martha Fike Padfield, re- ceived a liberal education in the public schools, in McKendree College, in Valparaiso University (summer term), and later, in the Harris Teacher ' s College, and through extension courses of Wash- ington University. Professor Padfield came to East St. Louis in 18S7, taught one year as assistant principal, and the remainder of his educational career as prin- cipal — forty years thus far. Married, on Nov. 12, 1886, to Eva Cox, of Marine, Illinois. She died ten years later, and on June 27, 1900, mar- ried Kate Kelley. One son, Arthur (born Oct. JO, 1901). Now student in Mexico Military Academy, Mexico, Mo. Professor Padfield traveled from coast to coast. A }2nd degree Mason and a Shriner. REV. CARL FRITZ EV. CARL FRITZ was born April 17, 1 879, at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany . In I90J he came to the United States and lived in St. Louis for several years. In 191 1 he was married to Miss Edna C. Lauenstein, of St. Louis. Rev. Carl Fritz received his earlier education in Germany. In 1910 he was graduated from Central Wesleyan College, at Warrenton, Mis- souri, with the Greek Theological degree. In 1925 he received his B. D. degree from Milton University. He also attended the Ohio Mechanic Institute and a commercial school, and he has done post graduate work in Philosophy for six years in Milton University. Rev. Fritz served in the following positions: from 1909 until 1919 he was assistant editor of the German Methodist Episcopal Sunday School and Epworth League literature, and the monthly magazine, Haus and Herd; from 19 19 to 192 1 he was contributing editor of the M. E. Apologist. He is a frequent contributor to religious period- icals. He served the following pastorates: New Melle, Mo., 1908; Emden, Illinois, 1919 to 1921; Victor, Iowa, 1921 to 1925; Mascoutah, Illinois, since September, 1925. ® Rev. Fritz entered the St. Louis German Con- ference in 1910, and in 192? he was transferred to the Southern Illinois Conference. Editor ' s Note — McKendree College will con- fer the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Divinity upon him Commencement Day, June, 1928. REV. LOUIS E. WINTER aNOTHER McKendree graduate and a member of the Philosophian Literary So- ciety, is Reverend Louis Edward Winter, pastor of the Durand, lUinois. church. He was born on January 21, i88i, in Rose Hill, Illinois. Besides earning an A. B. degree from McKen- dree, Rev. Winter was graduated from the Gar- rett Biblical Institute with a B. D. degree. On March 2, 1921, Rev. Winter was united m marriage with Miss Delia Ellis. The couple have one child. Rev. Winter has been a member of the Rock River Conference since 1920. ADAM M HEINEMANN WR. ADAM HEINEMANN, a Belleville tf grocer, was born in Belleville, on Sept. 15, 1872, was educated in the pubUc schools of the city, and then worked for four- teen years as an employee of the Belleville Post fe? Zeitung. He was a clerk for two years follow- ing this, and in 1902 went into the grocery business. In 1907 Adam and his brother, August, bought property and built thereon a good modern store building. For ove r twenty years now they have been conducting a grocery business here. The father of Adam Heinemann was Martin Heinemann, and came to America with his par- ents from Germany, where he was born in 1840. He served three years in the Union Army, and was wounded at the Battle of Vicksburg, on July 3, 186}. His wife, Elizabeth Mueller Heine- mann, was born in 1839, and died in 1903, and shortly afterwards Mr. Heinemann retired from his business as a brick contractor, which he had followed in Belleville many years. He is still hving and in good health. Adam Heinemann has, by his wife, Elizabeth Schwarz, one son and one daughter. Mrs. Heine- mann was born in Highland, 111., Jan. 14, 1873, and was married to Mr. Heinemann on May 14, 1901. Their son, Gustav, born Feb. 3, 190 ;, is a graduate of the Belleville High School; the daughter, Aurelia, now Mrs. Fred Lorenz, com- pleted a high school course and studied two years in a normal school. She was born on March 16, 1902. In 1919 Mr. Heinemann became a member of the Belleville school board, and served on its E, R. SAYRE THE Savre Motor Comp building committee. He is a K. P. and a member of the Men ' s Aid Society of the St. Paul ' s Lutheran Church. REV. E, E. MONTGOMERY ®EV. E. E, MONTGOMERY, pastor of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, of CarterviUe, Ilhnois, is not only a very successful minister, hut also the father of a family of seven children, all of whom show remarkable abihty. The oldest son, Burtis E., is a McKendree graduate, and at present is the assistant principal of the West Frankfort High School. John Wesley, 1 student pastor, is now attending McKendree College. Another son, Charles C, is foreman of the Laboratory Department of Aluminum Ore, of East St. Louis. The youngest son, Paul T., is a high school student. There are three daughters: Agnes A., now married; Ruth H., a Junior in the high school of CarterviUe; and Mary M., a stu- dent in the seventh grade. Rev. Montgomery was born on a farm in Indiana, in 1872. He attended Oakland City College at one time, and, in 1896, after selling his farm, he was married to Miss Etta McCleary. He entered the ministry in 1912. In his revivals. Rev. Montgomery has seen fifteen souls converted, and he takes great pride in the fact that he has re- ceived over one thousand converts into the Methodist Church. REV. E. E. MONTGOMERY PROF. H. F. THURSTON REV. J. S. CUMMINS Six Hundred and fMC KENDREE s: ; . . ,.. HOLLIDAY f. THURSTON ffiR. HOLLIDAY F. THURSTON was born at Lebanon, 111., October 6, 1864, and here he went through puHic school and two years in McKendree College. Since 1885 he taught and super -ised schools in different parts of state. In 1913 appointed to present posi- tion — supervising principal of Slade and Park Schools, East St. Louis. Married Hettie H. Todd, who was born in Highland, Illinois, November 21, 1867. Four children: Ora Delle, born September 14, 1897, graduated from East St. Louis High School, and studied in Harris Teachers College, of St. Louis, and in Northwestern University. She is now Mrs. Paul Ingram, of Sedalia, Mo. On December 12, 1902, Carol Electa was born, completed high school course, graduated from Washington Uni- versity, married to Clarence Moore, and lives in East St. Louis; Kenneth Burdett, born on the 5th of May, 1909, now a student in Washington University; Maynard died at the age of seven. Mr. and Mrs. Thurston are members of First M. E. Church in East St. Louis. A Mason of the 1,2nd degree, a Shriner, an Odd Fellow, and a Modern Woodman. Has held all positions of honor in the Odd Fellows Lodge. REV. J. S. CUMMINS CHE PRESENT pastor of the Belleville First M. E. Church, Jeremiah S. Cummins, was born in Johnson County, Illinois, on June 8, 186}. After receiving a public school education, he took a teacher ' s training course in the Normal University of Paducah, Kentucky. He then taught school for nine years, and at the same time read law. In 1893, Mr. Cummins began his long career as a minister. After preaching seven years in Arkansas, he transferred to the Southern Illinois Conference. A list of his services during his thirty-five years as a minister would be too long for this brief sketch. Suffice it to say that he is a member of the Conference Board of Trustees, the Vice- Chairman of the Conference Claimants Society, and the Chairman of the Board for the Holden Hospital, at Carbondale, Illinois. He was the first to organize the Methodist Orphanage at Mt. Vernon; has served as Superintendent of the Mt. Carmel District; and was a member to the 1912 General Conference. As a result of his faithful service, he has secured the largest ad- vancement in salary of any minister in the con- ference. Mr. Cummins was married on September 20, 1886, to Miss Nancy Rice, of Masses County. She is now the mother of five children, all of whom have been given an excellent education. Rev. Cummins is a 32nd degree Mason, and also a member of the Royal Arch Chapter of this fraternity. C. E. SAVRE E. R SAYRE CHE SAYRE MOTOR COMPANY, of Lebanon, 111., is operated by Mr. C. E. Sayre and his son, E. R. Sayre, authorized agents for Buick, Pontiac, and Oakland cars. The father is a native of West Virginia, was born at Letart, on Feb. 28, 1864, and here he attended the public schools until he was twelve years of age, when his parents moved to Crawford Coun- ty, 111., and located at Robinson, where he con- tinued his education in the grade schools. At the age of seventeen he began teaching, following this vocation for several years, and then worked in the hardware store of Richey, Duncan and Co. at Flat Rock, 111. for four years, giving up this position to become a travelling salesman for the international Har ' ester Co. In 1921 he decided to give up salesmanship and to go into the auto- mobile business, in which he is still engaged. Mr. Sayre was married, in 1884, to Miss Halhe M. Richey, of Flat Rock, 111. Her parents also came from the East. To them have been born five children — RoUo, on Jan. 31, 1887; Eunice (E. R.), on Jan. 24, 1889; Gladys, on Aug. 9, 1892; Bernice, on Dec. i, 1895; and Norris, on July 15, i8g8. The oldest and the youngest sons are teaching school; E. R., now in business with his father, taught for many years; and one daughter, Bernice, is married to a school teacher. All of the children are married. The son, E. R. Sayre, was born at Flat Rock, where he received his grade school education, after which he entered the Mattoon High School, graduating in 1906. He studied for three years in McKendree College, and received his Bachelor of Arts degree from this institution in 1909. The following three years he held the principalship of the Grayville, 111. High School, and then en- tered the University of Illinois, from which he received a Master of Arts Degree in 191 4. From 1914 to 1918 he was principal of the high school at Chester, 111., and for the next four years he taught at Alton as head of the Science Depart- ment and principal of the night school. From Alton he came to Lebanon to take charge of the high school here. This position he held for three years, until 1926, when he resigned in order to give his full time to the business which he had helped his father organize. On Aug. 23, 1923, Mr. Sayre was married to Edna Blanche Wolfe. ' of Lebanon. His residence located on Belleville Street, is one of the finest in this city. Mr. E. R. Sayre is a Mason, and belongs to the Knight Templars and the Shriners; is a member of the Rotary Club, and a trustee in the First Methodist Church, of which he has long been a member. He is greatly interested in college sports, and particularly enjoys fishing. MATHIAS RITHMAN ffiATHIAS RITHMAN, of Lebanon, is engaged in the manufacture of soft drinks. He was born in this city, March 11, 1893, and secured his education in the Lebanon paro- chial schools. His father, Mathias Rithman, Sr., died on Jan. 12, 1919: his mother, Anna C. Stamm Rithman, lives with her son, Mathias. After completing his schooling, Mathias went into business with his father, who taught his son thoroughly the details of operating the factory, so that upon the death of the father, the son was competent to manage the business. Mr. Rithman married, on October 10, 1916, Miss Eleanora Scheibel, who was born in Belle- ville, on July 9, 1897. the daughter of Edward Scheibel and Sybilla Schaefer. Both parents are living; the father is a miner. Mrs. Rithman re- ceived her education in the parochial schools of Belleville, and helped with the duties of the home before her marriage. She is now the mother of two children — Cecelia F., born Sept. 26, 1917; and Gertrude R., born April 21, 1920. Mr. Rithman and his family are communicants in the Catholic Church. He is also treasurer of the Lebanon Volunteer Fire Department. Mr. and Mrs. Rithman are a happy and unselfish couple, always wilHng to give a helping hand. The business policy of Mathias Rithman is a combination of faithful service and honest value, thus giving him a wide field where he supplies ice and soda water. HENRY W. KROHN nW. KROHN came to St. Clair County in 1892, from Hanover, Germany, where he was born on the 8th of July, 1873. He was then nineteen years of age and had received a good education in the public schools of his native land. He secured employment on a farm, and worked there for three years, saving enough during that time to enter Central Wesleyan Col- lege, at Warrenton, Mo., in which school he studied for two years. He then taught a country school in St. Clair County, resigning on account MRS. RITHMAN MATHIAS RITHMAN HENRY W. KROHN WILLIAM KIMBRELL Six Hundred and Twenty of ill health, and spent the following three years working in the lumber camps and in the orange groves of the West. In 1904 he returned to IIU- nois, and once more took up teaching. Three years later, he came to New Athens as principal. This position he held until 1920, when the new Community High School was built and organ- ized, largely through Mr. Krohn ' s efforts. He is now the superintendent of this large school. During the summer vacations, Mr. Krohn has attended the University of Chicago and, as a result, will receive his B. S. degree in 1928. On the i6th of September, 190}, Mr. Krohn was married to Miss Rosalie A. Schubert, a farmer ' s daughter, born at Turkey Hill, April 22, 1881. Her parents, Joseph Schubert and Rosalie A. (Brosch) Schubert, are both dead. Mr. Krohn has earned the reputation of being one of the most capable school supervisors in this county. He is a Master Mason, a member of the Odd Fellows, and a Modern Woodman. WILLIAM KIMBRELL HIKE HIS father, William Kimbrell is a shoemaker. The former, Joseph Kimbrell, went to Kansas soon after the Civil War and opened a shoemaker ' s shop at Peru. He is now eighty-six years ot age, having been born in 1841; but his wife, Fannie Jewel Kimbrell, and the mother of William, died in 1886. William Kimbrell w. ' as born at Peru on May 2nd, 1879, one of the five children of Joseph Kimbrell, and received his education in Kansas. For a while after leaving school he was employed in the shop of his father, but at the age of eigh- teen he went to Atlanta, Georgia, spent one year at the Chriton Sullivan Business College, then tc Bedford, Indiana, after working at different occu- pations for a short time, he went into the shoe repair business in Burns City, Indiana. In 1910 he came to Dupo, lUinois, where he was em- ployed by the Missouri Pacific Railroad Com- pany as a motor car repair man until 1917, and from that year until 1920, as a switchman. Then he opened a shoe repair shop in Dupo, and has operated the same since that time. Mr. Kimbrell was married on October !■!, 1898 to Miss Myrtle A. Callahan, and the two children from this union — Louis O. and Fannie L., born in 1901 and 1906, respectively, are now married. Both were given a high school and a commercial, as well as musical education. From 1918 to 1922 Mr. Kimbrell was a mem- ber of the Dupo Village Board, and since 1920 he has served on the school board of his town. He owns a good residence here, and enjoys the best things of life; he is especially interested in basket ball. His good wife is an active helper in the community. OLIVER J. KOEBEL CHE PROPRIETOR of Lebanon ' s up-to- date fruit and vegetable store is Oliver J. Koebel, who has been in the retail busi- ness since 1919. He was born in Madison Coun- ty, three miles south of Troy, on June 11, 1895, the son of Mike Koebel and Barbara Hirstein. Both parents are living in Lebanon, and the father is in business with his son. Oliver Koebel obtained his education in the schools near Summerfield, and then took up farm- ing, which he followed four years before going into business. For a while he conducted a meat market in what is now the Kroger Store; later he and his father built the Koebel Building, near the square, and ran a meat market and grocery here for about six years, sold out the business, and soon afterwards established the business in which they are now engaged. They still own their former store building. On Feb. 26, 1916, Mr. Koebel married Laura Reiger, and by her has two children. Marjorie H. was born Dec. 29, 1918; Delmar O., on Jan. 29, 1926. Mrs. Koebel is the daughter of Jacob and Margaret Reiger, and was born in St. Louis, March 4, 1894. She was educated in the public schools of this county. Mrs. Koebel is a member of the Rebeccas. Mr. Koebel is an Odd Fellow, a member of the local singing society, one of Lebanon ' s Volunteer Firemen, and also a member of the Evangelical Church. Business is his hobby, although he is not averse to attending the lodge meetings and enjoying himself there. JULIUS HEINEMANN f-ULIUS HEINEMANN, of Belleville, is ff 1. one of the men who helped build the school system of his city — a very credit- able work. He was born in Belleville, on April 4, 1867, and attended the grammar schools there. He then entered the Bryant and Stratton College, of St. Louis, came home in 1885, and took employ- ment with his father in the meat business. In 1852, he began in the butcher business, started butchering, and made a great success. Mr. Heinemann was married to Anna Semmel- roth, on April 8, 1890. By this union there are two children Gustav, a graduate of N. A. G. University, in Indianapolis. This man was head teacher in the Philadelphia Turnverein. His classes took the highest honors in the National Turnfest, in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1926. The second child is Selma E., now Mrs. Kissel, wife of the county clerk. At present she is conducting a private school of fancy dancing. The subject of this sketch has served on the board of education in his city for twenty-two years. He is a Shriner in the Masonic Order. During his life-time, he has turned to hunting and fishing for recreation. In these sports he has found many hours of relief from his business, for he IS, indeed, a very industrious and hard- working man. WILLIAM J, EBERHARDT HUGUST EBERHARDT, the father of William J., was born in Ottenhausen, Germany, Jan. 21, 1829; came to America in 1848; served three years in the Civil War; married Ehzabeth Feter on March 22, 1866, and settled on a farm. In 1874 he bought the sixty acres of land on which William now lives Five children — Sophia, John, William, Emma, and Josephine — were born to them. August Eber- hardt died June 29, 1895; Mrs. Eberhardt on March 4, 1921. William Eberhardt was born on the farm near New Athens, on Nov. a, 1872; received his education in the public school, and worked tor his father until the latter ' s death; began inde- pendent farming in 1898 on the old homestead farm; married Laura E. Schwartz on March 20, 1904. Three children were born to them — Mar- ion J., on March 22, 1905; Elonora E., on Jan. 9, 1907; Roland A., on May jo, 1909. All have attended high school. The mother was born in Prairie du Lang Township, Jan. 18, 188 ;, daugh- ter of John F. Schwartz and Hanna PfefFer, and received a public school education. Mr. Eberhardt has been a member of the New Athens Community High School Board since its beginning; is a Modern Woodman; enjoys baseball, and played on a team for many years. LOUIS SCHEID JHERE are perhaps few people who are 1} better known to those living in or near Freeburg than is Louis Scheid, who for about forty years has followed the trade of a carpenter and building contractor in the Free- burg Township. His father, Charles Scheid, came to this country from Germany many years ago, and pursued the trade of builder and contractor until 1890, when he retired. The father died in 1907, and the mother, Margaretha Heigle Scheid, followed him four years later. Six Hundred and Twenty-O Louis Scheid was one of twelve children, and was bom in Freeburg on the 19th of December, 1869. Here he secured his early education in the grade schools, and then took a course in the Scranton Correspondence Schools, following this with a special course in architecture. Thus he was well prepared for his vocation, and has thus been a successful builder. In 1895, five years after taking over his father ' s business, Mr. Scheid was married to Louisa E. Ross, who was born in Freeburg Township on the 26th of June, 187 . They have three chil- dren— Luella A. M., Hilda K. E., and Clarence W. L., born on July 7, 1904, Jan. ;o, 1907, and October 24, 1910, respectively. Mr. Scheid has served on the board of edu- cation in his city for many years, and has been, for five years, one of the directors of the Com- munity High School. He is a Mason, a member of the Evangelical Church, and also a member of the Freeburg Fire Department. WILLIAM P. KUNZ ONE OF SMITHTON ' S most distin- guished citizens is none other than Wil- liam P. Kunz, who is the popular mayor of this prosperous little town. He was born here on March 28, 1874, a son of John A. Kunz and Justince Suiter, who were the parents of twelve children. The father, who died on September 30, 1897, was a cooper by trade. The subject of this sketch was united in marriage with Christina Stell on Jan. 12, 1897. She was born on Sept. 20, 1878, in the Prairie du Long Township. There were eleven other children in this family. Mr. and Mrs. Kunz are parents of three children: Freda D., born on Aug. 11, 1898, who is now- married to Fred Silch; Clara C, born on April 11, 1901, now married to Wilbur Taylor; and Roy C., born on June 8, 1907. Mr. Kunz had worked as a carpenter and a painter in past years, having done work all over the country in this line. Since then he has held many civic offices. In addition to the fact that he has been the village marshal and county patrolman, he has served for sixteen years in the capacity of township clerk. Since 1917 he has filled the position of township commissioner of Smithton Township. Mr. Kunz was elected mayor of Smithton in 1924, an office which he still holds. He has been clerk for the Modern Woodmen in his community for twenty-five years. Well liked and highly respected, Mr. Kunz IS held in high esteem by Smithton ' s citizens. MC KENDREE ELMER A. GRODEON i R. GRODEON, superintendent of schools J[ at Marissa, was born on a farm near Lebanon, Illinois, on October 10, 1894, and here received his grammar and high school training, and spent one term in McKendree College. Afterwards ha attended Illinois Nor- mal University, from which he was graduated in 1923. However, before this time, he had taught school for a number of years. His father, Fred Grodeon, was well known in and around Lebanon; his mother, Margaret (Meyer) Grodeon, reared a family of seven chil- dren. The latter passed away in February, 1908, and the father in August, 1901. Elmer A. Grodeon began his teaching career in the North Grove School, in this county, in 1913. During the World War he did clerical work in the army. Upon his discharge he again resumed his teaching, first in the Lenzburg schools, and later at Summerfield, where he re- mained for three years. He took up his studies again alter this, and finished his course in the Normal in 1923. Since then he has been in Marissa. He was married, on May 29, 1917, to Elsie O. Luckner, who was born near Lebanon, one of the tour children of Chas. Luckner and Emily Runkwitz. On September i, 1926, she bore to Mr. Grodeon a daughter, Doris Jean. Mrs. Grodeon received a good education. Mr. Grodeon is a member of the American Legion. His people were Methodists. He is fond of studie s, and likes hunting and fishing tor recreation. KIRTLAND C. BARTON HS THE general superintendent of the East St. Louis Cotton Oil Company, the sub- ject of this sketch has contributed no small amount to the success of this firm. He was born in Belleville, 111., on Oct. 16, 1889. After a public school education he took employment with the Aluminum Ore Company as an electrician. He had learned this trade by consistent and conscien- tious study in a correspondence course. In 1913 he resigned in order to accept a position as elec- trician with the company with which he is still affiliated. Only two years later, by virtue of his natural ability, ambition, and efficiency, Mr. Barton was appointed superintendent over the entire plant, which has employed as many as one thousand men. It is recognized as one of the largest oil mines in the county. On April 26, 1911, Mr. Barton was married to Mamie C. Hill, who is a daughter of W. L. and Belle D. (Brooks) Hill. Mr. Hill, who is the owner of a filling station, had worked for a railway company as assistant yard master. In 1912 he bought the resort known as Hills. There were five children in this family, one of whom is Mrs. Barton. The Bartons have adopted a son. Jack C, born on Sept. I, 1916. Mr. Barton is a thirty-second degree Mason, a Shriner, an Episcopalian, and an alderman of National City. He was elected president of the school board in 1926; has trav- elled many miles throughout the South; and is a member ot several hunting and fishing clubs. FLORIAN A. NEUHOFF Doctor of Dental Surgery OR FLORIAN A. NEUHOFF, of Belle- ville, is one of the leading members of his protession in Southern Illinois. He served three consecutive terms as president of the Board of Education, and was one of the leaders in a movement which resulted in the estabUshment of a dental clinic in the public schools. Dr. Neu- holF has taken an active interest in all worth- while civic and educational movements in his city. He is an active member of the Parent- Teachers Association, a charter member of the Chamber of Ckimmerce and the Lions Club. He has served as a member of the board of directors of the Lions Club since it was formed in 1920, and is now its presiding officer. He has also served as deputy district governor of the Lions Club. He IS a member and a former president of the North Side Improvement Association and holds membership in three dental societies — the St. Clair County Dental Society, the Illinois State Dental Society, and the American Dental Asso- ciation. He has held offices of president and sec- retary of the St. Clair County Dental Society. Dr. Neuhoif was born in Belleville, Dec. 20, 1884, the son of Adolph Neuhoif and Elizabeth Bechtold Neuhoff. After receiving his grade and high school education in the public schools of Belleville, Dr. Neuhoif was graduated from Washington University in igo ' ; with a degree of D. D. S. While still a student in the university, he served as assistant teacher of dental classes, and later as full time demonstrator and also as assistant in the clinic and operating room. He worked in the school eight years, after which he opened dental offices in St. Louis. He was married to Miss Alice H. Strassberger, in St. Louis, on April 12, 1909. They now have three children: Alice Eleanore, born March 3, 1910; Carl Fred- erick, born July 10, 1913; and Flore Alien, on Jan. 18, 1920. Dr. NeuhofF, in 1924, took into his office, as associate. Miss Florence Kuhn, who had just been graduated from the dental school of Wash- ington University. MRS WILLIAM KUNZ WILLIAM P KCNZ ELMER A CRODEON DR. FLORIAN NEUHOFF Six Hundred and TwentvTwo FRANK B. ROGERS XN 191 1 Frank B. Rogers became a stock holder in the Excelsior Foundry Co. ot Belleville, and at the same time was made the president of the company. Mr. Rogers is the son of E. P. Rogers, who was the president of the above firm until his son took the office. Frank Rogers was born in Belleville, on October 8, iSS ; and received his education in the public schools of his city and in the Manual Training High School of St. Louis, from which he graduated in 1903. From the school room he entered the foundry, worked under his father, and learned the business thoroughly. He is the general man- ager as well as the president of the company. Mr. Rogers was married on Washington ' s birthday, in 1910, to Miss Francis L. MiddlecofF, and he is now the father of two children. The son, Eddy J., was born August 19, 1912; the daughter Jane Ellen on November i, 1916. Both are attending school in Belleville, and Eddy is a student in the high school. In 1926, Mr. Rogers was elected a member of the Belleville School Board. His father served on the school board for fifteen years. He has taken an active interest in the educational and civic affairs of his city, has been placed on the School Building Committee, and is an active member ot the Chamber of Commerce. He belongs to the Elk fraternity, and enjoys outdoor sports, hunt- ing and fishing in particular. Mr. Rogers is in- deed one of Belleville ' s alert, practical citizens. LOUIS J. HAAS GWO MILES east of Lebanon is located the farm of Louis J. Haas, upon which he and Mrs. Hass have lived since their marriage on February 7, 1912. Mr. Haas was born and reared on a farm. He was the son of John Haas and Helena Trenj Haas. His father passed away July 20, 1927, on the old home place, tour miles northeast of Lebanon. His mother is still living there. Louis Haas was born on August 25, 1886. As a boy he attended the Emerald Mound Dis- trict School, north of Lebanon. After finishing schoof he worked for his father until he was married. The wife of Mr. Hass, formerly Miss Jennie Haury, was born near Troy, Ilhnois. Her parents, Henry Haury and Anna ' Voisin Haury. are now- living in Summerfield. Mr. and Mrs. Haas have two fine children. The daughter, Jessie J. Haas, was born in 191 j, just two days before Christ- mas; at present she is attending Lebanon High School; their son, Amos J. Haas, was born on February 5, 1910, and is attending the elemen- tary school. Mr. Haas has been a member of the District No. 4 School Board for four years and has been president of this board all this time. He has taken an active part in society work, and is at present a member of the Masonic Order, the Eastern Star, and the Emerald Mound Grange, He is an earnest w-orker and a leader in the educational and social activities of his district. c GEORGE N. SCHWARZ HE MAN back of the Quality Dairy Products Co., of O ' Fallon, is George N. Schwarz, one of St. Clair County ' s self- made business men, the son of Mathias Schwarz, a well known furniture dealer and undertaker in O ' Fallon. Mr. Schwarz was born in O ' Fallon, Oct. 10, 1897, and here obtained a common school education, after which he entered the David Rankin Mechanical School and graduated in 1916. For three years he worked in his father ' s estabhshment, until 1919, when he became a partner in the business, known then as the Schwarz Bros. firm. In 1922 he sold his interest in this company and bought the O ' Fallon Cream- ery from John Munier, and is devoting most of his time to this business. He owns the plant in which he manufactures a fine grade of ice cream and ice, and has operated this plant with success. He buys and distributes a great quantity of milk, and enjoys an extensive trade in O ' Fallon and in the adjacent territory, and also in Belleville. His good wife, Susie McFarland Schwarz, to whom he was married on Nov. 10, 1910, has borne to him three fine boys — Robert George, Jack Harry, and William Edward. The family live in a sub- stantial residence in O ' Fallon, and are enabled to enjoy many of the good things in life, due to the success Mr. Schwarz has met with in his business. The latter holds stock in a number of companies other than his own. All that he has, Mr. Schwarz obtained through hard work and continuous labor; but this has not deprived him of the faculty to enjoy wholesome recreations. He is a lover of good sports — football, baseball, basketball, and in fact, all athletic games. REV. WILLIAM H. POOLE HOVED, HONORED and respected by his flock, whom he has served six years. Rev. William Holmes Poole, of Collinsville, Illi- nois, is another minister who has spent his life well. He is well-known in McKendree College, tor he was a member of the Board of Trustees of this institution from 191 1 to 192 ' ;. He has also been very active in other fields. From 1902 to 1911, and again from 1917 to 1920, he was a member of the Conference Board of Examiners. Since 1922, Rev. Poole has been Chairman of the Conference Board of Stewards. He is also a Mason and a Knight of Pythias. For four years, Rev. Poole was editor of the Olney District Advocate ; from 191 1 to 1917, he was District Superintendent of the Olney District; and in 1916 he was a delegate to the General Conference which met in Saratoga, N. Y. Rev. Poole was born in Fnendsville, Illinois. on Janu.ir-, ' . I -:f - .A t r receiving his education in the 1 ; : my, an institution in which h : • ■• h-jd for two years, he taught .1,.. : ' r . . : vcirs. On July 26, 1892, Rev. Poole was married to Miss Anna Malick. Two children were born. The daughter, Helen, is a ' graduate of the Illinois Woman ' s College of Jacksonville, and is married to Attorney L. G. George of Edwardsville. The son, Foster, was graduated from the University of Illinois in 1921. On retirement Rev. Poole expects to live in Helen Place, Collinsville, Illinois. C. B. PEACH GB. PEACH IS one of the most progressive of this city ' s business men, and is an active worker in the church. Mr. Peach was born near Lebanon, November 16, 1870. After being graduated from the public schools, he studied in McKendree College for two years. He then took employment in whole- sale and retail business establishments in St. Louis, where he received ample training for his later successful business career. Leaving St. Louis in 1894, Mr. Peach returned to Lebanon and married Sadie J. Hershey, of Lancaster, Ilhnois, October 16, 1895. She was graduated from the Lancaster public schools and then attended McKendree College. Mr. and Mrs. Peach have one child, a son, Robert, who was born March 20, 1905, and who is now a member of the Centennial Class of McKendree College. In 1807, Mr. Peach became half owner of the Blanck Mercantile Company. The partnership was dissolved in 1917 when the business was destroyed by fire. Shortly after, Mr. Peach went to Houston, Texas, but soon returned to Lebanon and organized the establishment which he now owns. Mr. Peach has served three terms upon the city council, is secretary of the Lebanon school board, is trustee of McKendree College and of the First Methodist Church, and is superinten- dent of the Sunday School. He is a Mason and an Odd Fellow. While in McKendree College, he was a member of the Philosophian Literary Society . Six Hundred and Twenty-Thr JOHN ROCHELL NOTHER fine cog in the machinery that I feeds this nation is John Rochell, who is intensely interested in farming. He was born on Dec. lo, 1857, ' Westphalen, Germany, and worked for his father, Frank Rochell, until 1880, when the family moved to America. This family settled in Fayette County. In 1884 Mr. Rochell started farming on a sixty acre farm in Madison County, as a renter, but later he moved again, to St. Clair County, in 1888. Six years later he bought the one hundred and sixty acre farm on which he now resides, near Trenton. He also owns another farm of one hundred and sixty acres. On Jan. ig, 1882, the subject of this sketch married a native of Germany. She was Mary Lohmann, a fine lady who proved to be the good mother of eight healthy children, whose names are: Herman H., Frank B., Mary T., Eliza- beth, Anna A., Mathilda, John A., and Ella N. Mr. Rochell has been a school director for twenty years. During all the time that he has spent as a farmer, he has worked like a true farmer — with a spirit, vigor, and love that shows he takes a keen interest in his occupation. HENRY D. SEXTON |? ENRY DANIEL SEXTON, the son of I P Stephen D. Sexton and Minnesota Sexton, was born in East St. Louis, Illinois, on the nth day of August, 1891. He was named for the late Henry D. Sexton, president of the South- ern Illinois National Bank and the Southern Illi- nois Trust Company. Mr. Sexton attended the East St. Louis public schools and was graduated from Blees Military Academy at Macon, Missouri, in 1910. In igu, Mr. Sexton went to New Mexico and spent two years managing his ranch, which adjoins the Apache and Navajo Indian reser- For ten years, from 1913 to 1923, Mr. Sexton was a member of the firm of Sexton and Sons, 21 North Main Street, East St. Louis, lUinois, com- posed of the following members — Mr. Stephen D. Sexton, Sr., Stephen D. Sexton, Jr., and Henry D. Sexton. He severed his connection with this firm in order to devote his time to dairy products manufacturing, the Highland Ice Cream and Cold Storage Company having been organized in 1922, with Mr. Sexton as chief executive. The Highland Ice Cream and Cold Storage Company is located at 20th and St. Clair Ave- nue; Mr. Sexton is president and general man- ager of this company. During the World War, Mr. Sexton served in the British Transport Service, between New- port News, Va., and Liverpool, England, and in the U. S. Department of Operations of the General Staff at Washington, D. C. He was honorably discharged from this service Decem- ber ig, igi8. Mr. Sexton is a member of the board of edu- cation, a Rotarian, a member of the Junior Chamber of Commerce, an Elk, and J2nd degree Mason, and a member of the St. Clair Country Club. HENRY G. VOGT nERE AND THERE in this great state of ours may be found quiet, unassuming people, who care little for the whirl of the city, but who delight in the quietness of the farm. Such a man is the subject of this sketch — Henry G. Vogt. He was born on a farm near Centerville Station on July 2, 188 ' ;, a son of Philip M. Vogt. The latter hailed from Germany, where he was born in 1864. After his arrival here he worked for his uncle. He married Elizabeth Rehg, both of whom became parents of six sons. The father of this family died in 1877. His son, Henry, of whom we are writing, got the best out of the public school education. He quit school at an early age, took employment with his brother, and worked for him for seven years. In igo7 he started farming as a renter, carefully saved the greater part of his profits, with which he bought a farm of 112 acres near Centerville Station. Mr. Vogt was married on Sept. 7, 1908, to Mary M. Ferry, a daughter of Olyseen Ferry and Susan A. Nadeau. Both of her parents, for whom she worked until her marriage, are now dead. The Vogts have seven children. These are: Lillie C, born on June 2, 1910; Nellie J., Dec. 29, igii ; Clarence F., Sept. 17, 1913; Clinton W., Nov. 10, igi ' i; Marie V., June 21, 1917; Alfred J., Oct. 27, igig; and Pearl S., June 12, 1921. Mr. Vogt was elected president of the District 117 school in 1925. He IS known to be a hard worker. BENJAMIN REIBOLD y«R. REIBOLD, the Mayor of Lebanon, is vlJ the representative of the Aetna Life Insur- a nce Company for Lebanon and the sur- rounding territory. He is the son of Henry and Augusta Burkart Reibold (both dead), and was born on Dec. 6, 1880, received his education in the Oak Grove School, near Lebanon, and also in the Lebanon public schools, and began his work- ing career on his uncle ' s farm, near this city. At the age of eighteen, he left the farm to learn the baker ' s trade, at which he spent five years in the baker shop of Mr. Thomas Wolfe, of Lebanon. In 1903 he began selling hfe insurance, in which business he is still actively engaged. The wife of Mr. Reibold, to whom he was married on March 23, 1901, was formerly Cora C. Howard, the daughter of Dr. Chas. E. How- ard, who is still living here, and of Eleanor Clucas, who died in March, 1923. Mrs. Reibold was born in Lebanon, Sept. 18, 1880, received her educa- tion m the Lebanon public schools, and learned dressmaking, which vocation she followed until her marriage. She has borne Mr. Reibold one child, Benjamin, Jr., on Nov. 27, 1901, who is located in Lebanon. Mr. Reibold was appointed township clerk in Jan., igi8, to fill the vacancy left by the injury of Mr. E. C. Braun, and in April following was elected to this office, which he held two years. He was elected on the school board in 1924; he is an Odd Fellow, a Rotarian, member of the Commercial Club, of the Rebeccas, and of the Evangelical Church. READER MOTOR COMPANY J HE READER MOTOR COMPANY, of _J Lebanon, III, is under the management of Fremont R. Reader and his brother. Earl B. Reader. Another brother, Russell F. Reader, cashier of the First National Bank of East St. Louis, also has an interest in this company. They are the sons of Fred Reader and Jennie Edding- ton, and were born in Macoupin County, 111. — Fremont on Feb. 19, 1892, Russell on Oct. 6, 1890, and Earl on April 26, 1894. Their parents are dead. Fremont was graduated from the Brighton, 111., High School, followed farming, and entered busi- ness in Lebanon, 192 ' ;. On Feb. 2 ' !, 1915, he was married to Mary L. Burk, who was born, reared, and educated at Brighton. Mildred R. is their only child. Russell, a graduate of the Brighton High School, has studied one year in the Gem City Business College and three years in St. Louis University College of Commerce and Finance. He was mar- ried to Anna Gutwald, of East St. Louis, in September, 1917. Earl attended the pubhc schools of Miles City; worked on the farm; entered business with his brother. In February, 1916, he married the daugh- ter of Mr. and Mr s. Charles W. Camp, of Piasa, Illinois. Mrs. Earl Reader received a high school education at Taylorville, 111. Two children have been born to them — Jennie L. and Eleanor I. Earl Reader is a Methodist; Russell is a Pres- byterian, also a Mason. If the brothers have any hobby, it is attending to business. Si.x Huiidreci and Twent -Foi MC KENDREE GEORGE B. RIPLEY eEORGE B. RIPLEY, who resides at lyji North Forty-second Street in East St. Louis, has been a government employee since 1899. He was born in Madison County, lUi- nois, June 5, 1 871, and attended the public schools of hiscommunity. After leaving the public schools he took employment as a clerk in the clothing bus- iness and in 1899 started working for the Post Office Department of the government. Shortly afterwards, April 18, 1900, he married Miss Mary L. Mills. Miss Mills was born m Clay County, Illinois, April i }, 1873. She had attended the pub- lic schools of Clay County and later she attended high school in East St. Louis, where she met Mr, Ripley, to whom she was later married. A daugh- ter, Florence M., was born to Mr. and Mrs. Ripley, Jan. 17, 1901. Mrs. Ripley died March ■ , 1924. Mr. Ripley worked hard and faithfully in his position with the Post Office Department and gradually worked up to his present position as chief clerk. He has always been active in organiza- tion and church work. He was one of the organ- izers of the St. Paul ' s Methodist Episcopal Church, and is now one of its trustees. He is a Mason and makes his home and his church work his hobby. He owns the residence property on which he lives. OTTO HOERDT OTTO HOERDT was born in Mascoutah November 24, i88j, son of Fred Hoerdt and Cordula Fuchs, who died in 1907 and iQi !, respectively. After receiving a high school education. Otto began his career as a painter and decorator, and followed this trade until he went into business for himself in 1921. Mr. Hoerdt married, on February 12, 191 1. to Miss Matilda E. Justus, born on January 21, i88fi, in Mascoutah, the daughter of Fred Justus and Elizabeth Richter Justus. Mrs. Hoerdt. like her husband, received a high school education. She is the mother of one son, Frederick O.. born June 2t, 1912. Mr. Hoerdt is an Odd Fellow. He served four years on the city Board of Education, and has been a member of the Community High School Board since it was organized. JOHN J. KOCH yjV ANY good and useful men were born and IfJ reared on a farm. John J. Koch, a mine ' electrician of O ' Fallon, is one of this class. Born near O ' Fallon, on Oct. 2, 1880, the son of John Koch (died, 1919) and Jacobina Schmidt (now living in Belleville), he secured a public school education in OTallon, and for a number of years before his marriage on Dec. 4, 1902, en- gaged in farming on the home place. For three years after his marriage he was employed at the Willard Stove Works, and began mining in 193 . Mrs Koch was Louise Fischer, daughter of Will- iam and Elizabeth Freund Fischer, and was born in St. Louis, on March 7, 1881. Her father was a cigar manufacturer, and died July i8th, 1907- but the mother is still Uving, in OTallon. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Koch- Felton J., on Jan. 4, 1908: and William H,, now attending high school, on May 17, ign- Felton was a student in McKendree College, but is now attending Washington University. Mr. Koch is a member of the Masonic Order, of the Redm en, and of the Evangelical Church. He has been treasurer of the local fire department for sixteen years, and has served on the city school board for SIX years. He is one in the Brotherhood of his church. Mrs. Koch belongs to the Eastern Star, and to the Ladies Aid Society in her church, of which societies she is the secretary. REV, G W, HUMPHREY eEORGE W. HUMPHREY, the son of Edward and MiUe Sulzen Humphrey, was born at Ellis Grove. III. on the joth of May. 187 ;. He was educated in the public schools, and in the Central Wesleyan College, at Warrenton, Mo., where he received an A. B. degree in 1902. He then joined the St. Louis Ger. man Conference. He has served the following pastorates: Bible Grove and FarinaCircuit, 1902- 03; (while here he was married to Elizabeth C. Floreth, on April 22. 1903), Highland, III, 1904- 09; (in the year of 1909, he went to the island of Cuba as a welfare worker, and as superin- tendent of a citrus fruit plantation); Wesley M. E. Church of St. Louis, 1918; Warsaw, III, 1919-21; Jackson Street M. E. Church of Belle- ville, III. 1925 to the present. Rev. and Mrs. Humphrey are parents to two boys: Merrill George, an electrical engineer, born on January 18, 1904, and Kenneth Edward, a high school student, born June 27, 1911. Rev. Humphrey is still a student and a hard worker, and is well liked by all those who know him. GUS J- KUNZE yf K GUS I- KUNZE is a retired farmer, and III lives near Marissa. on Rural Route No. 2. Born on the Kunze Farm, March ist. 188S, he is the son of Frederick Ernst Kunze and Kath- erine Hot:, both of whom were horn in Ger- many. The father at one time owned a thousand acres of land; at the time of his death in Oct.. 1920, he left to his son, Gus. 240 acres, and the latter has added sixty acres more to this. The son attended the public schools for some years, and w-orked for his father until 1907. when he married Emma L. Schmidt, on April 6th. and began farming for himself on a portion of his father ' s land. In 1916, he took complete charge of all his father ' s estate, managing this until his retirement in 192 ' ). Mrs. Kunze, the daughter of Gotlieb and Catherine Dombach Schmidt, was born at Hills Town, Manssa Township, on Sept. 13th. 188?, and received a public school education. Her father died June i6th, 1910; her mother in Dec. 1891. They reared eight children. Mr. and Mrs. Gus Kunze have five children, whose names and birth dates follow: Viola. Feb. 24, 1910; Russell. Sept. 14. 1912; Harrold. May 13. 191ft, Leona, May 31. 1918; Willmer, July 12. 1920. Mr. Kunze is serving his third term as Town- ship Supervisor; is president of the School Board. District No. 42, is a director in the State Bank of Marissa; a member of the Farm Union; a stockholder in the Forsythe Coal Co.; and a stockholder in. and the District Agent of. the St. Clair County Life and Casualty Company. WALTER WISKAMP iy ALTER WISKAMP was born on a farm j in this county, Dec. . 1879. and had the advantages of a public school education. Walter first took up life insurance, which he followed until 1902. when he opened the Wis- kamp Laundry at Nos. 8 and 10 South First St., Belleville. This he continued running until 1922, when he sold out the business, and in the follow- ing year, opened the business which he now manages at 108 S. Jackson St. He bought the property, and had built here a well-equipped, modern cleaning and dyeing plant. He is a good business manager and has a wide patronage. He belongs to several prominent organizations — the Elks, the Good Fellowship Club, the Commercial Club, and the Retail Merchants ' Association. REV. FRANK F. OTTO eEV. FRANK F. OTTO was born in Ger- many. He moved with his parents to St. Louis, Mo., where he resided until he became pastor of the Jackson St. M. E. Church, at Belleville, 111, in 1919- Sir Hundred and Twentv-Fu e He was active in Epworth League work and was electad to the position of president of the Epworth League Federation. For fifteen years he was connected with the National EnameUng 6f Stamping Co. as produc- tion manager of the St. Louis plant. Reverend Otto is one of the many valuable men who have become members of the Southern Illinois Conference by the merger with the St. Louis German Conference. At present. Rever- end Otto is pastor of the Immanuel Church, at Edwardsville, Illinois. JOHN E. NORTH R. .AND MRS JOHN NORTH, of Leb- anon, 111. both have come from prominent and respected families of St. Clair County. Mr. North, who was born at Lebanon on July JO, 1868, is the son of Adolphus North and Pauline Bradsby. His father spent most ot his life on the farm, and died m Lebanon in 1917 and Pauline Bradsby North died in 1880. Mr. John North attended his neighborhood school, and afterwards studied in the Southern Illinois Normal for one year, and in McKendree College for two years. He decided to be a farmer and followed this vocation for many years, giving special attention to stock-raising. In 1908 he retired, and ten years later moved into Lebanon. But Mr. North was not satisfied to live in idleness; he has gone into the dairy business, and runs a branch receiv- ing station for the St. Louis Dairy Company. Mr. North has shown a practical interest in the welfare of his city and community. He was Highway Commissioner for four years (1912 to 1Q16); a member of the County Board from 1922 to 1925; Mayor of Lebanon from 1922 to 1926; and has been a school director since 1918. His father before him was one of the trustees of the Lebanon Township Schools for twenty- five years. Mr. North attends the Methodist Church, IS a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge, and of the Rotary Club. FATHER JOSEPH A. ROKEN HE REVEREND ROKEN, rector of the L J St. Joseph ' s Parish, in Lebanon, Illinois, came to this city in 1925. Born m Phila- delphia, June , 1869, he is the son of Henry R. Roken, who was for fifty years a prominent clothing manufacturer of Philadelphia, and ot Mary Ann Coleman. His father, who was born November 24, 1837, died on January j, 1919, some years after he had retired from busi- ness; the mother was born June 9, 1837, and passed away in 1909, on the 27th of November. Rev. Roken received his early education in the public and parochial schools of Philadelphia; afterwards he studied at Mount St. Mary ' s Col- lege, Emmetsburg, Maryland, and took his special course, preparatory for the priesthood, at St. Bon- aventia University, in Olean, New York. Soon after his ordination on June 9, 1900, he was assigned to the Murphysboro Parish as assistant to the Reverend Schauerte; from here he went to East St. Louis as assistant pastor of the St. Patrick ' s Church; next, he was made pastor of the St. Joseph ' s Church, at Equality, Illinois; transferred from Equality to St. Joseph ' s Church, Olney, Illinois, and in 1925 was appointed pastor of St. Andrew ' s Parish, Murphysboro, Illinois, from which he resigned after six months and came to Lebanon, where he still resides. Father Roken has made many friends in the many places in Illinois where he has gone, and is considered a good fellow. He owns a fine bird dog, and enjoys hunting which is his hobby. C. C. MULKEY GC. MULKEY, ticket agent for the Illinois Central Railroad Company, at Freeburg, Illinois, born at Mulkey Town (named after his great grandfather), Franklin County, Illinois. Attended publit school in na- tive town, worked for father on farm until he was twenty years old. Took employment in shops of I. C. R. R. Company at Pinckney ville, Illinois, and at various positions on St. Louis division of same company. Later he began study of teleg- raphy , and in 1 9 1 7 was made city ticket agent and operator for Illinois Central at Freeburg, At age of twenty-six, Mr. Mulkey was mar- ried to Miss Ora Lou Means, then twenty-two. Four children: Maud, born Aug. 9, 1901; Floyd, born Nov. 27, 190J; Austin, July iiS, 1910; and Inez, Dec. 12, 1912. Mr. Mulkey ' s parents — A. H. Mulkey and Theodosia Austin Mulkey. Mr. Mulkey has been member of local school board for three years, and is a Mason. ■A ' lLLIAM L. KNOEBEL iif ILLIAM KNOEBEL was born on Jan- J 8, 1885, and reared on a farm near Lebanon. He was the son of Charles Knoebel, who died March 2 ' ;, 1922, and Emma Eberman Knoebel, who was residing in the city of Belleville, but who died July 5, iQ ?. Mr. Knoebel obtained his education in the Pleasant Hill and Cherry Grove schools. After his school- ing was completed, he began working on his father ' s farm, and remained here for many years, until 1919, when he was ready to be married. His marriage to Miss Elizabeth Rochell took place on the 19th of Feb., 1919. She is the daugh- ter of John and Maria Lohmann Rochell, who are now happily engaged in farming near Tren- ton, Illinois. Elizabeth Knoebel was born near Lebanon, 111., on Dec. ij, 1886, and received her education in the Emerald Mound School, situated near her birthplace. For a number of years before her marriage she was engaged in domestic work in St. Louis She and Mr. Knoebel are the parents of three children: John C. was born Jan. 22, 1920; Emma M., on March 28, 1922; and Wilma A., on Jan. ij, 1924. After his marriage, Mr. Knoebel began farm- ing for himself on the farm of eighty acres which he now owns and which is situated near Belle- ville, on Rural Route No. 4. He has been a member of the Cherry Grove school board for the past two years. He is very industrious and his farm work engages most of his time. DR. EDWARD S, ROSE, DENTIST OR EDWARD S. ROSE was born at Columbia, III, March 21, 1887. He was one of a family often children. His father, the well known Dr. Rose, of Monroe County, died July 26, 189 ' i, and his mother, Mrs. Lena Freckman Rose, was born on December 19, 1850, in St. Louis, Mo., and is still living and enjoying good health in Columbia. 111. After attending the public schools. Dr. Rose studied in Smith Academy and in the Bryant and Stratton Business College, both in St. Louis, Mo. He then took up the study of medicine in Wash- ington University, St. Louis; hut atter a year he shifted his studies to the dental school, from which he was graduated in igi 1. . ' fter one year of practice in MiUstadt. 111., he moved his office to Columbia, 111., and continued his practice here until 1921, in which year he came to Dupo. He has been quite successful here and has worked up a large business. Mrs. Rose was, formerly. Miss Emma E. Lepp, and was born in Columbia, 111. She is a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Albert Lepp. Dr. and Mrs. Rose have a family of five children: Minnie M., who was born in September, 1912; William F., born in April, 1914; Edward F , in September, 1916; Raymond, in January, 191S; and the youngest, Margaretha, was born in October, 192J. Dr. Rose is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, and a Modern Woodman of America. He serves on the board of council in Dupo, and he is also president of the board of trustees of the Evangelical Church of Dupo and a firm believer in the doctrine of Christianity. Dr. Rose is somewhat of a sports- man, and IS particularly interested in hunting. Si.v Hundred and TwenlySv WILLIAM HOUSAM gFTER SPENDING more than thirty years of his lite as a miner, Mr. Housam retired from active mining in igog; since then he has been taking life easy. He is the son of Jacob Housam and Marguerite Penn, and was born in St. Clair County, near OTallon, on February 14th, 1859. His father was a well known car- penter in this city, and was one of the first to settle in OTallon. The family comprised four children — two boys and two girls. William was but two years old when his mother died in 1861, but his father lived until 1880, and died on April ijth. William Housam secured his education in the public schools, and after finishing his school work, found employment in the mines working below for a number of years; at the age of thirty he was given the position of hoisting engineer, and held this place until he retired — altogether for twenty years. He was twenty-two years of age w hen he married Miss Mary E. Dunkerly on September 22nd, 1881. His wife was born in England, and came across the waters with her parents when she was but three years old. Her father chose to settle in St. Clair County. Her birth, like that of her husband, occurred in Feb- ruary, on the 19th day of the month in the year i85j, and by a strange coincidence, she died in February, in 1909, just a few days before reach- ing her forty-sixth year, and three days before her husband ' s fiftieth birthday. She bore to Mr. Housam three children — WiUiam, Jessie and Edith. Both of the girls attended McKendree College; Jessie graduated from the Department of Music in I goo, and Edith stud ied in the college in 1908. The latter died on the 28th of January, 191 J. Jessie was married on October 8th, igog, to Chas. F. Behrens, and is now the mother of three children — Ellen, Alice and William. Mr. Housam makes his home with this daughter. Mr. Housam has been active in the political life of his community. Before OTallon became incorporated as a city he was the president of the Village Board for several years. It was during this administration that OTallon was given the city status. He became the first mayor of the new city, and served in this capacity for two years. For eleven years he was a member of the city Council, and also served as a member of the first Board of Education in OTallon Township for three years. At one time, Mr. Housam owned a great deal of property in this county, and since his retire- ment from mine work he has been attending to this property, giving some of his time to caring for his property near OTallon. Since 191 ;, he has not been in very good health, and therefore not able to take such an active interest in the atfairs of his city. Mr. Housam holds a member- ship in one fraternity, the Modern Woodmen. PETER HERMAN, Jr. QETER HERMAN, Jr., was born near Freeburg, on July 24, 1848, the son of a German immigrant who had settled on a 5 ; 2 acre farm near Freeburg, lUinois, and who had married in March, 1844, Miss Elizabeth Lorty. He obtained a common school education in a school near his home and afterwards attended the Illinois State Normal University, at Normal, Illinois, where he prepared himself for the teach- ing profession, and taught for five years, until 1876, when he gave up teaching to become a merchant. On December 14 of this same year (1876) his mother died and his father followed twenty -eight years later. On June 21, 1874, Peter Herman was married to Margaret E. Reinheimer, who was born in Germany m 185}. Her father, Frederick Rein- heimer, settled with his family near Freeburg, and followed the vocation of farming. Her mother ' s maiden name was Elizabeth Baltz. The three children of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Herman are grown and married. The oldest, Fred W. Herman, was born on October ij, 187 ' ;, and is married to Annabel Baker; the daughter, Clara, born on March 2 ' ;, 1882, is now the wife of Dr. R. F. Lischer; and Wm. Hamilton Herman, the youngest, born on October u, 188}, married to Clara L. Reichert, of Freeburg, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George Reichert. Mr. Herman continued in the general mer- chandise business until igoj, when he turned the business over to his son, F. W. Herman, who co ntinued to operate it until the year 1912. It has been a long and useful life that Mr. Herman has spent in this county, first as a teacher, and afterwards as a merchant. He has traveled extensively over the United States and Canada. He visited Philadelphia in 1876 when the Centennial Exposition was held in that city. Both he and Mrs. Herman are active members of the Evangelical Church, of which they have been members for many years. On Jan. 21, 1923 they celebrated their golden wedding. Mr. Herman was, for eight years, a member or the village board in Freeburg, and for four years a county supervisor. He was first elected treas- urer of the board of education on the 22nd of November. 1883, and has served continuously in this office to the present time — forty-four years. He IS one of the oldest Masons in this countv. of the M. ! ville, llliri. capable m, ence. He : REV. RESSHO ROBERTSON. D. D. gN ACTIVE ,,nJ efficient member of the R,.,.i • .i T,:, I.. ' M r.nlree College .Ml, ' • ■ ; I ' ■ i ' I- ' ' ' itson, pastor : ' I ' ' ■; ' , 111 Liwrence- - 1.1. ' ■iiiii - ' I 1 --.-.tul and very nIxT ol the Southern llhnoB Confer- a native of Illinois and comes of a family of early immigrants from Scotland. His great grandfather on his father ' s side of the family was a Revolutionary soldier. In 1887 Dr. Robertson was united in marriage with Miss Eva B. Horrell of Frankfort, Illinois, who has been his faithful companion and co- worker throughout his ministerial career. As a pastor. Dr. Robertson has served some of the leading charges of the Southern Illinois Confer- ence, including Carterville, Vergennes, Chester, GrayviUe, Duquoin, Harrisburg, St. John ' s, Edwardsville, Olney and Lawrenceville. From 1917 to 1923 he served as superintendent of Centralia District. He was honored by his brethren of the South- ern Illinois Conference in his election to the General Conference of 1920, and as first reserve delegate in 1924. At the General Conference in Des Moines in 1920 he was active in the committee on the State of the Church, being a member of the sub- committee on General Reference; and also was active on the committee on Book Concern where he was Vice Chairman of the sub-committee on Property. He was a member of the Special Com- mittee on Federation and was honored by that Committee in his election to its chairmanship. He is, perhaps, the only delegate from the South- ern Illinois Conference who ever served as chair- man of a General Conference committee. At the commencement of 1924, McKendree College conferred on Dr. Robertson the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. A careful financier as evidenced by the leader- ship of his church in giving to benevolences, and an excellent preacher, as shown by the standing of the charges he has served. Dr. Robertson may certainly be classed as a noble Christian minister. RALPH B. RODE yfVR. RALPH BECKER RODE, an expert IJI in Exodontia and Dental Diagnosis, with an ofEce at 519 Frisco Building, St. Louis, Mo., received his early trainingm the Brownstown public schools and m McKendree College. Dr. Rode was graduated from St. Louis University in 1016. was Chnical Instructor of Dental Dept. in 1917, was Supt. of Operative Clinic of Denta Six- Hundred and Tuienlv-Si MC KENDREE Dept. in 1918, and Vice-Dean of the Dental Dept. — all of St. Louis University — in 1919-20. While he attended McKendreeCoUege.Dr.Rode was a member of the Platonian Literary Society, and during his professional life has been a member of the Delta Sigma Delta Fraternity, the Amer- ican Dental Society, the Missouri State Organiza- tion, the St. Louis Dental Society, and the St. Louis Society of Dental Science. During the World War, Dr. Rode was first lieutenant in the Dental Reserve Corps, U. S. A., and was in training at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. For the past eight years Dr. Rode has been associated with Dr. George B. Winter, of St. Louis, who has an international reputation as an authority on Exodontia-Radiography and Dental Diagnosis. Mrs. Rode was Miss Bernice Brown, of Browns- town. Illinois, and to this couple were born one child, Georgia Ann Rode. Dr. Rode ' s parents were Samuel William Rode, now deceased, and Anntonette Clain Rode, who now resides in St. Cloud, Florida. Mcpherson shepard Y cPHERSON SHEPARD, of Mt. Carmel, _| graduated in the classical course, cum liiude, in the class of 1909, and attended Harvard University the following year. He mar- mied Zola Elizabeth Stum, Crossville, who is a graduate of Illinois Womans College and of Chicago Musical College. At present Mr. Shep- ard is associated with his father-in-law, A. M. Stum, banker and extensive land owner. Since leaving McKendree he has taken an active part in Republican politics, and only recently was a candidate of his party lor Congress. GEORGE M. THOMAS CHE THOMAS ELECTRIC SHOP m OTallon, 111. is under the management of George M. Thomas, who has been the sole owner of this busmess since 1922. Mr. Thomas was born in this city, the son of Nich- olas Thomas and Louisa Huber, on the 29th of April, 1889, and here he was educated in the high school, after which he studied in the Colum- bia Commercial College of St. Louis, Mo. Then he first worked in the office of the Kinloch Tele- phone Company, afterwards in a hardware es- tablishment, and later as a travelling salesman. In 1918, he started in business for himself as a retailer of electrical goods, and, excepting a brief partnership with his brother, Walter Thomas, he has continued to manage the shop alone since that time. His wife was Miss Julia L. Braun, to whom he was married August 12, 1914. They have two girls — Alma and Marylynn— the first born on March 29. 1917, and the other on November 9, 1922. Mrs. Thomas was born at Huey, III., in 1891, one of the eight children of Louis Braun and Sarah Kluth. Mr. Thomas takes an active interest in the welfare of his community. He is a Mason, a member of the O ' Fallon Business Men ' s Asso- ciation, and the Vice-president of the local Rotary Club. Since 1920 he has served on the School Board of District No. 92, and is now the secretary of this Board. Mr. Thomas is affiliated with the Evangelical Church, and has been a trustee of its Board for several years. R F TRAUTMAN, D. C, Ph C. «R. R F, TRAUTMAN, a chiropractic Jig physician at O ' Fallon, Illinois, is a grad- uate of the Palmer School of Chiropractic, in Davenport, Iowa. He came to O ' Fallon in 1923, from St. Louis, where he had practiced, at J 147 Arsenal Street since his graduation from the m Palmer School in the spring of 1922, and succeed- ed Dr. F. Sudhoff in the office which Dr. Traut- man now occupies. Mr. Trautman was born in St. Louis, on Feb. 12, 1896, and there he received his pubUc school education, which included a high school training. During the vacation periods he worked to secure means for continuing his studies in the high school, and later, in the college. Thus Mr. Trautman is, in the true meaning of that term, a self-made man. Mrs. Trautman w?s also horn in St. Louis, on Dec. 10, 1901. and was, before her marriage to Mr. Trautman, on June 10, 1926, Miss Louisa A. Oeters. the daughter of Edward A. Oeters, and employee of the government in the Depart- ment of Foreign Affairs. Mr. Trautman ' s step- father. Dr. J. P. Herrmann, is also a chiropractic doctor, and has his office in St. Louis. Dr. Trautman has been quite successful as a practitioner at O ' Fallon; he enjoys a large patron- age in his locality. He is a member of the Uni versal Chiropractic Association, and acts as the local examiner for the Universal Life Insurance Company of Missouri. Mr. Trautman is a Mason and a member of the Good Hope Lodge in O ' Fallon. ABRAHAM HIRSTEIN [R. ABRAHAM HIRSTEIN, of Summer- field, is one of St. Clair County ' s success- ful farmers. He was born in this county on Sept. 2 ' ;, 186 , one of the twelve children ot Abraham Hirstein and Barbara Gross, and re- ceived his education in the public schools. Until he was twenty-nine years of age he worked for his father on the farm, and then began farming for himself. Two years later, on Feb. 5, 1898, he was married to Caroline Kruger, the daughter of Nick Kruger and Sophia Elizabeth Upmeyer, who had, besides Caroline, one other daughter. Mrs. Hirstein was horn near Summerfield on Oct. 16, 187}, and was educated in the public schools. She is the mother of eight children, whose names and birth dates follow: Dora, Dec. ■;, 1896; Alice, March 18, 1898; Carrie Anna, Dec. 15, 1902; Theodore, Dec. 7, 1905; Alvina, May 4, 1908; Robert, Sept. 10, 1910; Marie, March 7, 1914; Adelle, Dec. 8. 1916. Their first daughter. Dora, is married to Henry Peters, and Alice IS the wife of Oliver Perschbacher. In 190J, Mr. Hirstein settled on the large farm which he now occupies, and which he still manages. He has ever been an industrious, hard- working farmer, and to this is attributed his success. For many years he has been a member of the school board in District No. 4. He is also a member of the church, and is considered by his neighbors a good man. ED PETRI r?f D PETRI, who was born on January 15, y 1884, in the New Athens Township, is the son of Philip J. Petri and Margaretha Winter Petri. The father was a farmer, and had, besides Ed, four other children. After attending the public school, Ed did the natural thing for a farmer lad — he worked for his father on the farm for several years. At the age of twenty- three he quit working for his father, and fol- lowed, from that time to the present time, differ- ent vocations. In 1907 he came to Freeburg, and was employed for a time by G. C. Huber, general merchant, after which he was employed by the I. C. R. R. Co., as a clerk. He went to Brookport in 1917, and here worked for the same railroad, as a cashier, and the following year he was made chief clerk in the railroad freight office at Mat- toon, III. For five years, previous to the year 192 ' ;, he went back to his boyhood occupation and farmed for himself. But in 1925 he again took up railroad clencil work in Freeburg with the I. C. R. R., and is still with this company. Mrs, Petri was born on Oct. 8, 1887, in Freeburg, III. They have two children — Milton A., who was nineteen years of age the i8th of this May (1928); the second, Lillian M., was born on December 5, 191J. Mr. Petri is a Mason. In 192 s he was elected president of the board of education in his city, serving two years. S. S. HILL yiVORE than twenty-seven years ago, when 1 1 J Mr. S. S. Hill was a young man of nine- teen, he began his career as a railroad man, starting out as a clerk for the L. and N. Railroad Company, at Ashley, 111. He has re- mained in the employ of this railroad ever since, advancing from the position ot clerk to that of operator, and from operator to agent, in which capacity he now serves at Belleville, 111., and to which position he was promoted in 1920. Mr. Hill was born at Ewing, 111., on the 2nd day of June, 1880. After the completion of a grade school course, he entered the Ashley High School, and soon after his graduation from the latter, he s ecured employment in the railroad office in his home town. Six years later he was married to Miss Edna L. Meyer, of Nashville, III, in which city she was born on August 21, 188 , and where she was reared and educated. She. like her husband, is a high school graduate. Their two children — Reha M. and Charles E. — were born at Mt. Vernon, Ind., the girl on February i, 1906, and the boy on Oct. 9, 1908. Both have graduated from the Belleville Town- ship High School, and Reba, since her gradua- tion, has taken a course in Washington Univer- sity, of St. Louis. She is now a teacher in the public schools at O ' Fallon, III. Mr. and Mrs. Hill have shown the wisdom of intelUgent par- ents in the education of their children. Although Mr. Hill spends much of his time at work indoors, he is greatly interested i n out- door sports. He is a Mason, a Modern Woodman, and a member of the Chamber of Commerce. MAY E. YOUNG tVISS YOUNG is one of the well-known jil J school supervisors in the East St. Louis public schools. Since 1894 she has been teaching in this city, and since 190 ' j has held the position of principal, first as principal of the Second Street School, and later of the Froebel School, and finally, in 1918, as principal of the Froebel and the Emerson Schools. She was born at Waynetow-n, Ind., the daughter of Thos. D. Young and Mary E. Harvey, and received her grade school and high school education in this city. Later she attended a normal university, and after beginning her teaching in East St. Louis, continued her studies in Washington University. Teaching came natural for Miss Young, for both of her grandfathers were educators. Her fathe r, however, was a cabinet maker; he was born in Indiana, in i8 io, and died in 1908; the mother, also a native of Indiana, was born in 18 4, and died in 1917. There were seven children in the family. When her family moved from Indiana to Illinois, in 189J, Miss Young was still in her girlhood. She had already made thorough prep- aration for her future career, but has done much studying during the years she has been teaching here. She is a member of the First Christian Church of East St. Louis, and a member of the Eastern Star, of which order she is a past secre- tary. Miss Young has traveled, and kept up with the educational progress of her times. Si.v HimiireJ and Tuietitv-Eight M. F. KUEHN Editor O ' Fallon Progress ffiR. KUEHN was horn in Mascoutah, Aug. ;, 1887, and secured his schooling in the puhhc and parochial schools of that city. He began his work as a printer and continued therein tor many years, working for the Mascou- tah Herald and the St. Louis Post Dispatch. In 191 , he assumed the ownership of the O ' Fallon Progress, and since then has devoted his time and energy to this enterprise. Under Mr. Kuehn ' s management, it has become the largest country weekly in St. Clair County. Mrs. Kuehn, who was, before her marriage in Feb., 1910, Mary F. Meyer, was born near New Baden, on March 17, 1887. She is the daughter of the late Joe Meyer, a well known farmer and one of the pioneer settlers of St. Clair County. Three children have come from this union. The first child, Russell, was born in March, 191 ; Stanley, their second boy, was born in Novem- ber, igii; and their daughter, Katherine, in May, 1923,. Mr. Kuehn also does a great deal of business as a 10b printer. He is active in the civic and social organizations of his city, being instru- mental in the organizition and in the directing of the Rotary Club and the Business Men ' s Ass ' n. Mr. Kuehn is also a member of the board of directors of the Building and Loan Ass ' n and a director of the St. Clair-Madison Regional Planning Ass ' n, an organization interested in the development of the Great East Side of the Mississippi River. ROLAND WIECHERT eOLAND C. WIECHERT, attorney, was born on Feb. 26, 1892, in Belleville, 111., the son of A. C. Wiechert and Bertha Steudle Wiechert. After attending the high school, he entered Washington University, was graduated in 1913, with an LL. B. degree, and in 1914, started practice. He is associated with Kramer, Kramer, and Campbell, and conducts a general practice. He was elected a board member, in 1920, of the Belleville High School. Mr. Wiechert is an Elk, and a member of the Amer- ican Legion. During the World War he enlisted as a private, was made second lieutenant three months later, and in 1918, a first lieutenant. He was married on Dec. 3, 1919, to Aurelia I., the daughter of Gustav Ludwig, of which union there are two children: Melbacorinne E. and Cathleen J., born Nov. 27, 1920 and Jan. 17, 1924. JOHN HIRSTEIN rOHN HIRSTEIN, a retired farmer, lives ffl in Summerfield, m his substantial resi- dence which he built after leaving the farm m 1921. He is the son of Abraham Hirstein, a successful farmer of St. Clair County, and of Barbara Wittmer, and was born near Summerfield on March 25, i8s8. His mother died when he was quite young, and the father married Barbara Gross, by whom he had twelve children. John was the only child by his first wife. He received a public school education, and then helped his father on the farm until he was married in i88j, on Feb. 2 ' ;. His wife was Catherine Baer, the daughter of Jacob Baer and Elizabeth Langen- walter, and was born in Madison County, Dec. 27, i8 ' i6. Until her marriage she remained w-ith her parents, an efficient assistant in the duties of the home. After his marriage, Mr. Hirstein secured 120 acres of land, and began farming for himself, and stayed on the farm for nearly forty years. He always delighted in pure bred stock, and raised many horses, cows, hogs, and chickens of this kind on his farm. He has received many blue ribbon premiums on his stock and poultry at the state and county fairs. Mr. and Mrs. Hirstein have had eight chil- dren, five of whom are still living. Anna was born Dec. 16, i88j, and married G. W. Ruth; Selma, born Nov. 11, 1885, died June 4, 1911; Emma, born Sept. 11, 1887, died Dec. 12, 1917; Samuel, Sept. 8, 1889, is married to Alvina Herbstreit; John, born Dec. 22, 1891, died on Oct. 21, 1918, while on furlough from the U. S. Army; Daniel, born Dec. ij, 1895, is married to Frieda Berger; Edward, born Dec. 17, 1895, is still single. Mr. Hirstein was elected on the Lebanon Township school board in 190?, and has served as president of this board for many years. He 5tili enjoys helping on the farm. JOSEPH A. MILLER CHE FACT that Joseph A. Miller helped to organize the bank with which he is closely affiliated, having been president of it since the first day of its opening, is sufficient proof that he is a man of brains and ability, in whose trust the people of the community place their money. He was born on the old Miller homestead on Aug. jo, 1S62, a son of Alexander O. Miller, who was born on an adjoining farm in 1826. The subject of this sketch, after attend- ing the elementary schools near his home, en- tered the Southern Illinois Normal University. Later he taught school in Prairie du Long four years, and in the Smithton Township one year. During these years, in his spare time, Mr. Miller found great delight in farming, an occupation in which he started when quite young. He rented the farm that his parents owned, cul- tivated it, and got very gratifying results. This fine piece of land, on which he still lives, is on Rural Route No. 2, near Belleville. It was in June, 192J, that he helped organize the State Bank of Smithton, an institution that has met with splendid success. Mr. Miller has contributed, to the young people, much constructive work as a trustee on the school board, which has been under his super- vision for fourteen years. He is president of the Smithton Hunting and Fishing Club, the Free- burg Hunting and Fishing Club, is very popular, and IS recognized in his community as a leader m the improvement of farming methods. In addi- tion, he has been supervisor of Smithton Town- ship since 1915. WILLIAM ZOELLER ONE OF THE best known of New Athens ' senior citizens is William Zoeller, a retired farmer and the president of the New Athens Township school board. Mr. Zoeller was born in New Athens Township on Novem- ber 5, i8 ' ;2, one of the six children of Charles Zoeller and Katherine Schneider. Both parents, now deceased, were born in Baden, Germany. William Zoeller, upon completing his school- ing, took up farming, for a time, in partnership with his brother, Henry Zoeller, until th: death of the latter in 1876, after which year he farmed alone. In i88 ' : he married Louisa Sturm, who bxe him two girls and one boy. Emma, born on Octo- ber 28, 1882, IS now Mrs. Fred Schwartz; George W., who later married Louisa Obernagel, was born on January 7, 1884; and Frieda, born on February 2, 1889, is now the wife of Walter Huber. On the first of January, i 91 ' ;, Mrs. Zoeller died, and two years later Mr. Zoeller was married to Mrs. Oscar Steinheim;r, whose husband had died in 1916, and to whom she had borne one daughter, now Mrs. Jacob Frantz, on February 4, 1897. Mr. Zoeller has served on the school board for nine years. He is a director in the Farmers State Bank, of New Athens, in which bank he is also a stockholder. He especially delights to work in his garden. CHARLES FREY gFINE BAKER, an industrious and a good man is Charles Frey, of Lebanon, Illinois. Mr. Frey was born near Lebanon, the son of Joseph Frey and Elizabeth Wernig. on June 27. Si.v Hundred and TwentyJ u MC KENDREE i 1878. His father, who was a country shoemaker, died in 1879; his mother in igoi. Mr. Frey re- ceived a pubhc school education in the Union Grove School and afterwards studied telegraphy for six months. Until he was married he spent most of his life on a farm. For two years after his marriage he worked at the Pfeffer Milling Com- pany, and the next two years at the Willard Stove Works, in O ' Fallon, Illinois. From 1908 to 1913 he was insurance agent for the Prudential, and gave this up to enter the bakery business. In 1921 he moved to his present location, and has remained here since. Mr. Frey has been twice married, first to Annie Wellen, on January 24, 1901, and after her death, to Carrie Boyce, on August 23, 1923. Mr. James Boyce, the father of his present wife, has served on the Lebanon City Council for many years. Mr. Frey is the father of six chil- dren, whose names and birth dates are: Sidney, July 20, 1902; Vera, September 23, 1905 (now married to A. C. Naumer); Melba, May 2}, 1909; Junealda, June 5, 1912; Mary Louise, November 12, 1923; Carl, Jr., May 13, 1925. Mr. Frey is a member of the E% ' angelical Church; is the financial secretary of the Odd Fellows, and secretary of a singing society. He has been the chief of the fire department in Leb- anon since the department ' s organization in 1918. CHARLES LENZ CHARLES LENZ was born on August 7, 1868, in Belleville, Illinois; was em- ployed on a Belleville tabloid in later life; worked here all his life — forty-seven years; holds office in Board of Education on Township High School; is a Mason. Mr. Lenz was married to Lena Jung, now dead, in 1892; one son, Peter. Married again in 1901, to Miss Lena Wenzel; one son from marriage. Mr. Lenz is president of the West Side Building and Loan Association, and is foreman at the Belleville Advocate. JOSEPH J. ANTON • -rOSEPH J. ANTON was elected mayor ffl of Belleville by a large majority in 1921, and by a larger majority was re-elected to this office in 192 . Mr. Anton is the son of a German blacksmith, Joseph Anton, who came to this country from Bavaria with his wife, Sophia Enzenaur Anton, in 1877, and settled in Stookey Township. The future mayor of Belle- ville was born on the 19th of March, 1862, and before he had reached the age of two, his father died. Joseph attended the parochial schools until he reached his fourteenth birthday and then was put to work in the coal mines, where he labored for many years. His mining career was broken by a period of ten years, during which time he was employed by the Belleville Gas, Light and Coke Company. Then he went back to mining. In 191 2 he was elected an alderman of Belleville from the Fifth Ward, and was re-elected for four successive terms, serving his city in this capacity altogether for nine years. At the end of this time he was a candidate for mayor of Belleville, and was elected to this office, and is still holding this office. During Mr. Anton ' s administration, Belleville has undergone marked improvements, and has made noticeable material progress. A double electric track has been put down in the city, and street improvements to the value of half a million dollars have been made. And the city is now completing the second water line from Edgemont to Belleville. Other improvements have been made through Mr. Anton ' s efforts. Mr. Anton has remained single. His time and interests are devoted to his city ' s welfare. HARRISON H. HARTMAN EARRISON H. HARTMAN was born in Belleville, on the 12th of May, 1883. the son of Madlon R. Hartman and Mary Rumer; was educated in the grade schools and the high school of Freeburg, and afterwards at- tended the State Normal at Normal, lUinois. Following this, he taught school for six years in St. Clair County. Soon after his marriage to Edna I. Joseph, on February 28, 1914. Mr. Hartman ventured farming for himself on land near Free- burg, and here he has remained. Mrs. Hartman, the daughter of Louis G. Joseph and Laura Darm- statter, of Freeburg was born in New Athens Township. January 5, 1891, and received both a public school and a normal school training. She died on April 12, 1925, leaving to her husband three children: the first, Evelyn E., was born in June, igi ;; Harrison L., in February, 1919; and the youngest, Mahlon Grant, in January, 1924. Mr. Hartman has taken active interest in help- ing promote agriculture in his county. From 1919 to 1926, he was secretary of the St. Clair County Farm Bureau, and is now serving as treasurer of this organization. In 1921 he was elected president of the Freeburg Community High School Board, retaining this position to the present day. Frater- nally, he is a member of the Modern Woodmen. CHRISTIAN HEER R. HEER, one of Lebanon ' s most enter- prising merchants, was born at Mascou- tah, Sept. 26, 1880, finished the grades and one year of high school in Mascoutah, and worked for six years on his father ' s farm near New Baden. Then he clerked in a New Baden store for one and one half years, and went to Belleville, where he was employed for ten years as a clerk for the Lorenzen Grocery Company. In 1913 he came to Lebanon, bought out the general merchandise business of Mr. Traband, operated this at its former location until 1922, when he moved to the building which he now occupies. He has remodeled this building, and has now a large up-to-date store, toxioo feet, in which he carries quite a complete and high grade line of general merchandise. His attractive and tasty show windows always attract the atten- tion of the passersby. Mr. Heer ' s parents, Samuel and Rosa Baumen Heer, are both dead. His wife, Elizabeth Baer Heer, was born near Lebanon, Aug. 17, 1887, and received her education in the public schools of her community. Her parents, Samuel and Elizabeth Baer, are still living at the old home place. She was married to Mr. Heer on July 30, 191 1, and is the mother of four children — Crystal E., born July 12, 1912; Eldon S,, on March 31, 1914; Elfrieda V., on Nov. ■;, 1916; and Carol C, on Dec. 11, 1922. Crystal is a stu- dent of Piano in McKendree, and Eldon and El- frieda are enrolled in the School of Expression. Mr. Heer is a faithful member of the Mennon- ite Church in Summerfield, 111. BARNETT JOSEPH O ' FALLON has, in Mr. and Mrs. Barnctt Joseph, two useful and dependable citi- zens. Mr. Joseph, son of Sebastian Joseph (died in 1884), and Anna Stark (died in 1907), was born near O ' Fallon, on March i , 1868. His father was a blacksmith and a wagon-maker by trade, but followed farming during the latter years of his life. Barnett secured his schooling in the Enterprise School, north of O ' Fallon, and then worked on a farm until he was twenty-five, clerked in a grocery for a year, after which he entered the tinning business as a partner with Mr John Cc:n:r. This partn.Tship la.steJ cigS teen months, until Mr. Getner ' s death in 189 ;, after which Mr. Joseph went into business for himself. He had constructed, in igii, the busi- ness building which he now owns. Mrs. Joseph, formerly Sylvia Bode, was born in Belleville, Jan. 21, i88o, the daughter of Peter J. and Katherine Schaefer Bode. The father lives in St. Louis; the mother died in 1917. The two children of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph — Russell B. and Hortense E. — were born on July 10, 1911, and July 14, 191 . Russell is a Junior in the O ' Fallon High School. Mrs. Joseph is an active church worker, was secretary of the Eastern Star, i9i3-2 ;, belongs to the Belleville White Shrine, and was president of the Martha-Mary Society, of her church, from 1923 to 192 ' !. Mr. Joseph is a Mason and a Shriner, and Evangelical, and has been a member of the O ' Fallon School board for about eighteen years, the last few years on the high school board. EDWARD H. SLIEPER DEW ATHENS has one of the largest stores of general merchandise in Southern Illi- nois, and Mr. E. H. Slieper is the owner and manager of this store. He went into this business in 1918 as a partner with his father-in- law, Mr. Fred Bertholdt, and continued as joint owner with him until 1923, when the latter retired from business and sold his part to Mr. Slieper, who, since that time, has managed the store alone. Mr. Bertholdt was born near Lebanon, 111., on the 14th of December, 1861; he spent the first thirty-five years of his life on the farm. His education was secured in the public schools of Fayetteville, 111., and in 1896 he went into busi- ness in New Athens. Mr Bertholdt was one of the six children of John Bertholdt and Eliza- beth Baehr. He was married on January 5, 1888, to Elizabeth Kirchhoefer, and four daughters have come from this marriage. Bertha A. is the oldest, and was horn January 20, 1890. She is now the wife of Dr. H. J. Schlesinger. Edna M., who is the wife of Edward H. Slieper (mentioned above), was born on June 2, 1894, and was mar- ried to Mr. Slieper on February 24, 1916. She is now the mother of three children — William, Clyde and Meridene. Cora L., the third child of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Bertholdt, born January 6, 189(1, is married to Mr. Christ G. Voelker. The youngest daughter, Lillian C, is the wife of Mr. E. J. Traut and lives in Battle Creek, Michigan. Mr. Edward Slieper, to whom reference was made at the beginning of this sketch, is the son of William Slieper and Emma Sauerwein, and was born at New Athens on May 18, 1894. His father was reared on a farm near New Athens, but in 1892 he moved into the town and engaged in the liquor business for a number of years, until he retired in 1918. Edward, one of his two children, received his education in the public school and in Central Wesleyan College, where he spent two years in study, after which he returned to New Athens and took employment with his father-in-law. Both Mr. Bertholdt and his son-in-law, Mr. Sleiper, are members of the Evangelical Church. EDWARD W. SCHMALENBERGER J HROUGHOUT his life Edward W. IJ Schmalenberger has rejoiced in the com- pany of children. This, indeed, is a noble hobby, and it is his best. Born in Millstadt, Illinois, on March 3, 1880, he attended school here, and in later life entered Western Normal, of Bushnell, Ill inois, from which he was gradu- ated in 1899. He then taught school and studied in the Southwestern Business College. Mr. IMC KENDREE Schmalenherger was made an instructor in South- western College. He soon resigned and accepted a position as principal of the Dewey School, in Belleville, and is now holding the same position in the Signal High School, District i8i. Mr. Schmalenherger was married twice. By the first union, to Katherme Ruhman, there is one daughter, Helen S. C, who is now a registered nurse. He was married again in 1908, to Rose Ruhman, a sister to his first wife. Four children were born: Ruth M., Warren W., Roselyn L. E., and Edward, Jr. Mr. Schmalenherger is much interested in reli- gious w ' ork. He was president of the Southern Illinois Federation of Evangelical Brotherhoods. At present, he is president of St. Paul ' s Evangel- ical Old Folks ' Home, in Belleville, and is a leader of the young men ' s bihle class of St. Paul ' s Church, well-liked and highly respected. FRANK BOMAN iflNCE 1921 Frank Boman has resided in Mascoutah, where he owns and operates market. He was born on August 30, 1892 at Pierce City, Mo., where he received a common school education. After leaving school he worked tor one year in St. Louis, and then went to Freeburg. Illinois, where he secured employment in the meat market of Joseph Linder. and worked here for ten years , In 1 9 1 5 he opened a shop of his own in Freeburg, and ran the same intil June 1921, when he sold out and moved to Mascoutah. He now owns two meat markets in Mascoutah, the second having been opened in 1923, and also a meat market in New Baden, which has been operated under his management since February, 1926. Mr. Boman is married and has two children. His wife, Maud Browning Boman, and the daugh- ter of John Browning and Alice Mahan Brown- ing, was born in Freeburg on April 18, 1894, and was married to Mr, Boman on October 20, 1915. Her father was a miner and is well-known in Freeburg. He died in 1909, on the 24th of November; the mother is still living. Mrs. Boman was one of seven children, and is a grad- uate of the Freeburg High School. Their two children — Howard and Alys were born June 20, 1917 and December jo, 1920, respectively. In 1926, Mr. Boman was elected a member of the Mascoutah School Board. He belongs to the Moose Order, as well as to the Commercial Club, the Turners Society and the Odd Fellows. REV. M. C. FOLTZ, D. D. ijiHEN REV. M. C. FOLTZ built his first j church in Oblong, in 1914, Bishop Quayle. who dedicated it, stated that it was the finest Methodist Church in the world for the sue ot the town it was to serve. In 1924 Rev. Folt! built St. John ' s Church of EdwardsviUe, one o( the finest churches in the Conference. During all his ministry Dr. Foltz has been known as a builder. Reverend Foltj got his elementary training in the public schools of Ohio. He received his A. B. degree in Taylor University, of Upland, Ind., and his honorary Doctor ' s degree from McKen- dree College in its Centennial year. For the past eight years he has taught Human Behavior and Sunday School Work in McKendree Col- lege — in the Summer School of Theology. In 1898 Rev. Foltz married Miss Mae Farmer, ot Reynoldsburg, Ohio. The happy couple have four children — Thetis M., who is owner of a beauty parlor in Mount Carmel; Lucile, now Mrs. J. C.Jarrell, of Mount Vernon; Francis A., who holds a position in the National Ban k of Commerce in St. Louis; and David B., a Junior in the Mount Carmel High School. RALPH COOK R. RALPH COOK, a successful lawyer of East St. Louis, Illinois, was born June I-;, 1887, at Shawneetown, Illinois. He was a graduate of the East St. Louis High School and attended the St. Louis College of Pharmacy. For ten years Mr. Cook was a druggist, but later studied law at Barnes University, St. Louis, Missouri. He was admitted to the practice of law, m the state of Missouri, in July, 1917, and in the state of Illinois in July, 1919. In 1923 Mr. Cook was elected commissioner of streets and public works, East St. Louis, carrying the vote of that city by an overwhelming majority. Mr. Cook enlisted for service in the World War in June, 1917, and served throughout. He was captain in Battery F. of the 124th Field Artillery. He is a member of the American Le- gion, Masons, Odd Fellows, and Woodmen. In high school Mr. Cook played football, and at the present time is an enthusiastic football fan. He enjoys quail and duck hunting, and is a member of the Illinois Sportsman ' s League. Mr. Cook ' s father. Silas Cook, was mayor of East St. Louis tor four terms and a judge for six terms. The mother, Sarilda Elizabeth Cook, nee Kinsall, formerly of Omaha, Illinois, died five years ago. At present, Mr. Cook is practicing law in the First National Bank Building, East St. Louis, lUinois. PRIN. H G. SCHMIDT, D, Litt. ONE OF the leading educators of southern Illinois IS Henry Galen Schmidt, principal ot the Belleville Township High School. Both his parents are descended from pioneer families, and one of his grandfathers died at the age of one hundred and five. Mr. Schmidt was born May 9, 1878. at Drake. Missouri. He grew up on a farm and received his elementary educa- tion in the country schools. By his own earnest efforts and persevering industry he made his way through college, being graduated from the Cen- tral Wesleyan, at Warrenton, Missouri, with the degree of A. B. A few years later he took work in the Science Department of McKendree and received the degree of B. S. m 1909. Since that time he has done graduate work at several universities — among them, the University of Illinois and the University of Chicago. He also took a summer term at Harvard. He has been connected with educational work at Belleville for many years. He taught Latin, and later, chemistry and physics, in the old Central High School. In 1915 he became principal of the Town- ship High School, which position he still holds. However, his influence as an educator extends much wider than the local community. He is a member of the National Education Association, as well as of the state and county associations, and the Illinois High School Principals ' Associa- tion. In his religious affiliations he is a member of the Methodist Church. Fraternally, he is a Mason, a Knight Templar, and a Modern Wood- man. He is a member of the board of trustees of McKendree College, and received the degree of Doctor of Literature from that institution during the Centennial year. Mr. Schmidt was married Aug. ■;, 1902, to Miss Anna A. Wolter. of Fredericksburg, Missouri. She was educated in her native town and m private schools in Mor- rison, Mo., and in St. Louis. They have two sons — Webster R. and Blaine. The older is now a student in Washington University, while the younger is still a pupil in the grades. L. F. HEER gFTER a great many years of hard work, thrift, and service, L. F. Heer has retired to enjoy the fruits of his labor. He was born on June 7, 1858, in the Stookey Township, a son of Adam and Pauline Heer. The, former came to this country at the early age of fourteen. He took up farming, got married after a few years, and reared a family of five children. The subject of this sketch was one of these children. Like his brothers he rendered efficient work on his father ' s farm, working industriously, without JUDGE M. J, WHITE complaint. Mr. Heer was married to Phoebe Rhein, on April ij, 1887. The couple have five children: Fred A., horn on Jan. 12, 1S88; Paula E., Feb. I}, 1891; Ella, July 24, 1895; Bertha E., May }, 1899; and Louis, Sept. 22, 1901. Mrs. Heer was born on July 13, i86j, in the Smithton Township. Her parents were Fred Rhein and Charlotte Lenninger. She has two sisters and tour brothers. Immediately alter the marriage, Mr. Heer rented a farm. In Feb., 1902, he bought the 78 farm, near Belleville, and has lived m It ever since. Mr. Heer was elected to an office on the school board in 1897. He has also been a school trustee for four years. Besides farming, he holds the position of inspector, an office that he has held for fifteen years. Around his vicinity Mr. Heer is very popular and, al- though old in years, he is still a young man in spirit. o JUDGE MILBURN J. WHITE NE OF THE clearest legal minds in the field of Illinois jurisprudence is that of Judge Milburn Judson White, of Mt. Carmel. He was born at Beaucoup, Illinois, March 24, 1873. His father was a physician, and afterwards moved to Okawville, at which place Milburn received his elementary educa- tion, and from there he came to McKendree in 1890. He was a student in the academy and college for a period of five years, during which time he was a member of the Platonian Society. He played football during the seasons of 1892, 1893, and 1894. In the last named year he was captain of the team. His father. Dr. S. N. White, was a student in McKendree in 1863, and a member of Plato, as also his son, Gordon, in recent years, so that three generations of the White family are represented in McKendree and in Plato. Mr. White did not quite complete the college course, but dropped out while in his senior year to take up educational work. Many years afterwards the college granted him the Bachelor ' s Degree. He was for three years prin- cipal of the high school at Enfield, and for some time superintendent of the schools in Eldorado. Then for a time he was cashier of the American National Bank, at Mt. Carmel. But after due deliberation he reached the conclusion that the law was his chosen profession, and changed to that field of work. In 1912 he w-as elected County Judge of Wabash County. After one term he declined the nomination for a second term and returned to the practice of law, to which he devoted his energies until 1926, when he again became County Judge. In 1921 he was nomi- R. . ND MRS. HOWARD ROGERS nated for Circuit Judge, but his party happened to be in the minority that year and he was not elected. In 1897 he was married to Miss Mary May. They have four sons, namely: Lieut. Thomas B. White, who is a graduate of the U. S. Naval Academy, but now with the aviation corps in China; Lyman D., who is a graduate of North- western University, and at present, cashier of the First National Bank, of Mt. Carmel; James Gordon, who was one year a student in Mc- Kendree; and Milburn, Jr., now in high school. HOWARD R. ROGERS CHE SUBJECT of this sketch was born in Murphysboro, III, on March 11, 1892. He was a son of Mathias G. Rogers, who died on Dec. 13, 1918, and Mary Armstrong, who IS still living in East St. Louis. He received his elementary training in the East St. Louis schools, and later entered the College of Com- merce in this city. While m the employ of Morris and Company, he utilized his spare time by studying telegraphy. Later he moved to Han- over, and finished his study while under the employ of the Baltimore and Ohio Railway. He worked in the dispatcher ' s office for some time, and, in 1912, went into station work at Lebanon, under Mr. Abernathy. Since then he has worked on various points along the road. For the past five years Mr. Rogers has worked in O ' Fallon, where he is under the employ of the Baltimore and Ohio as railroad agent. On Aug. 29, 1912, Mr. Rogers was married to Miss Pearl Thompson. She was born on June 26, 1893, in Lebanon, Illinois, a daughter of Robert and Emma Mueller Thompson, both of whom are still living. After studying in the business college m Belleville, she worked as a stenographer. She is a member of the Eastern Star and the Woman ' s Club of O ' Fallon. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers are parents of two children: Howard R., horn on July u, 191 3. and Floyd R., born on May 6, 1922, who is now in high school. Along educational lines, Mr. Rogers has done some fin e work as a member of the Board ot Education, on which he has served for the past three years. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and is the present president of the Men ' s Bible Class in his community. He is a member of the Order of Railroad Telegraphers. Fraternally, he is a M.ison. REV. JOHN W. WEBSTER --— rOHN W. WEBSTER, son of John H. W L Webster and Rose A. Overcast, born Bedford County, Tenn.. July 21, 1871. -Attended public school, graduated from the .■ nna, Illinois High School. Entered ministry 1894 and since then has been member of Southern Illinois Conference. First Church, Mt. Vernon, Illinois. Since then, pastor of thirteen churches in this conference. Last appointment State Street M. E. Church of East St. Louis, in 1926. Rev. Webster married July 19, 1898, to Miss Ethel Crews, daughter of Barton and S. Crews, of Fairfield, Illinois. One son, John Vernon Webster, born in April, 1899, studied in Mc- Kendree College, and in 1922 graduated from 1 ' .: Pauw University. Now with the National Surety Company, St. Louis, Mo. Rev. Webster is Mason of the 32nd degree, .ind Knight of Pythias. ELMER G. JOSEPH ©HERE are few merchants who can prove as useful and necessary to the needs of the community as a druggist. Perhaps this ex- plains the reason why Elmer G. Joseph has chosen this line. He was born near New Athens Town- ship on Dec. 19, 1894, a son of Louis G. Joseph, who was a successful farmer in St. Clair County. The subject of this sketch has a good education. He attended the grade and high school of Free- burg, and in 1910, was graduated from McKen dree College. Some four years later, he was graduated from the St. Louis College of Phar- macy. After taking employment in a drug store business in this city, he travelled for two years, for the United Drug Company. He resigned in 1920, returned to Freeburg, and was employed by C. G. Becker, druggist. Mr. Joseph was mar- ried in 1916, to Bessie Huber. He was elected to the high school board in 1924; is a Shriner in the Masonic Order; and during one year he was master of Freeburg Lodge. The recreation that Mr. Joseph indulges in mostly is fishing and hunting — a sport in which he spends many pleas- ant hours when not engaged in his professional pursuit. JOSEPH OBERNUEFMANN CWO AND ONE-HALF MILES west of Lebanon is located one of St. Clair Coun- ty ' s well-managed farms, the 120 acres owned Ijy Mr. Joseph Obernuefmann, who has lived here since 1920. Mr. Obernuefmann was born in Caseyville Township, Dec. 13, 1875. His father, Henry Obernuefmann, was a success- ful farmer, and is still living, though retired, in his home in O ' Fallon. His wife, Mary Thomann Obernuefmann, died on April 26, 1918. Joseph, until he was thirteen, attended the parochial schools in Caseyville, and then continued his studies in the public schools until he was seven- teen. He began working on his t.ither ' s land, stayed here for ten years, and after his marriage on Oct. 21, 1902, rented a farm for four years in Caseyville Township, and for five years, farmed on rented land near O ' Fallon, then moved back to Caseyville, rented from his father, and re- mained here eight years, until 1920, when he bought his present farm. His wife was a farmer ' s daughter, Mary B. Bechtlofft, born in O ' Fallon Township, Sept. 28, 1879, and educated in the parochial school of Black Jack, and in the Enterprise public school. She and Mr. Obernuefmann have four children — Esther, Mary Ann, Joseph, and Jerome — born March 21, 190 ' ;; April 19, 1907; March 23, 1911; and Jan. 26, 1917, respectively. Mr. Obernuefmann is a member of the Cath- olic Knights of Illinois. Stock-raising is his hobby. S..X Hundred and ThrtyTwo HENRY REUSS, JR. nOCATED one and one fourth miles e.ist of New Athens is the mine of the Pep Coal Company, which supplies practically all the coal consumed in New Athens. Henry Reuss assisted in the organization of this comp.iiiy in 1920, and has been secrct.ir -f th, - m ■ -iii.c that time. Mr. Reuss, one of - • 11 of Henry Reuss,Sr., and Jul-.,i I i I ■ m in St. Clair County, March : j iS , a ,- .■lu- cated in the public schools, and began his work ing career in the shoe manufacturing business. He soon gave this up, and went into the mines, where he worked until the above company w-as organized. He married, on Oct. jo, 1910, Matilda Ritter, a young lady of New Athens, born Oct. !■;, 1891, the daughter of Frank Ritter and Anna Sarlouis. She has borne Mr. Reuss one daughter, Ethel J., on Aug 27, 1911 . The latter is attending the New Athens High School, and is a member of the high school orchestra. Mr. Reuss is an Evangelical, and is a member of the New Athens Community High School board, of which he was one of the first directors. LOREN E. WILDERMAN yi R. LOREN E. WILDERMAN, of Free- 1|J burg, was born on the farm, the son of M. F. Wilderman and Emma M. Herman, on the 9th of January, 1884, attended the public school and was graduated from Washington Uni- versity in 1904. For a short time he worked for the Bell Telephone Company as a draftsman, and t hen returned to the farm of his father. On the 3rd of December, 1912, Mr. Wilder- man was married to Miss Ada M. Huber, and on June 6, two years afterwards, their only child, E. Lucile, was born. Mr. Wijderman is a stockholder and a director of the First National Bank of Freeburg. He has interests in the Mulberry Hill Coal Mine and is thoroughly acquainted with this business. He was one of the board of directors of the Freeburg schools for five years, and served as clerk of the high school board for three years. Mr. Wilder- man has the reputation of being a hard worker, and he is a friend and proponent of education. In politics he is a Republican. WALTER FREUDENBERG •iSflNCE the age of fourteen, Mr. Walter jl J Freudenberg, of Belleville, has either been in the drug business, or studying to pre- pare himself for the vocation of a pharmacist. He was born in the city where he now conducts his business, on Dec. 26, 189J. His father died when Walter was quite young, and this deprived the boy of some of the advantages which a father can give to his son. But he secured a fair educa- tion in the Belleville public schools, and at four- teen began working in the drug store of A. Kissel, at 1401 West Main Street, where Mr. Freudenberg is now located. After four years he was able to continue his education, and entered the St. Louis College of Pharmacy, where he studied for three years, graduating in 191 4. Dur- ing the time he was a student here, he worked as a druggist in St. Louis. He returned to Belle- ville, and worked as a clerk until 1919, when he bought out Mr. J. V. Simonds, the successor to Mr. Kissel, and has continued as proprietor of this store since. Mr. Freudenberg is married and has two daughters — Jane, born Aug. 23, 1922, and Amy, born Dec. 4, 192J. His wife, formerly Meta A. Kuntz, is the daughter of Louis J. Kuntz (died Aug. II, 1914). who was engaged in the grape growing business. Her mother, Fredericka Eckel Kuntz, is still living. Her marriage to Mr. Freu- denberg took place on June 21, 1917. Mr. Freudenberg was elected on the Belleville school board in 1926. He is a Mason and a Shriner, a hard worker, and a congenial fellow. He enjoys hunting. VIRGINIA E. HUGHES GHE SUBJECT of this sketch was born on June 26, 1874, in Belleville, lUinois. She was a daughter of Louis W. and Cecilia Clement Hughes. The former was born on July 23, 1844, in Belleville. The latter was born on March 30, 1846, at Three Rivers, Canada. This couple were married on August 20, 1870, and were parents of three children: Virginia E., the subject of this sketch, born on June 26, 1874; Edna L., March 1. 1877, now married to Dr. George Rodemick of St. Louis; and Belle J., Dec. 12, 1882, married to William SchaumlefFel. Miss Hughes received her education in the public schools. After attending the high school for two years she started to teach. She taught in Grassland, Illinois, for fi% ' e years; was principal of the Rentchler Illinois School for five years, and the Dewey School for five years. She came to Union in 1912, was made principal, and has been there since. Miss Hughes has held the office of recording secretary for the county for many years. She is recognized around the com- munities as a fine teacher, is very popular and highly respected by everyone who has ever come under her pleasant personality. REV. ROY KEAN aP FROM thecoalmine to the ministry, through struggle and sacrifice, is the route Mr. Kean, M?thodist minister at Staun- ton, has taken. Born at Marissa, June 11, 18S9, he attended the Marissa grade schools; worked as a barber and in the coal mines; was graduated from Herrin High School and McKendree Col- lege; was student pastor at Troy, Glen Carbon, and Signal Hill; and was pastor at Mound City, Altamont, and Staunton. On March 23, 1913, he married Pearl E. Mar- grave, of Mound City; they have two daughters: Frances Jane and Joyce Ann . Mrs. Kean attended Mound City High School, Carbondale Normal, and McKendree College, and belongs to the Eastern Star and White Shrine. Mr. Kean is a Mason, an alert, successful pastor, and a former member of the Platonian Literary Society. WILLIAM F. ZERBAN gLTHOUGH the subject of this sketch, William F. Zerban, has crossed the Great Divide, some of the records of his life, w hich was so well spent, are well worth men- tioning. He was born in the Engleman Township on Oct. 20, 187 ;, a son of William and Sophia Lotz Zerban, who were the parents of six chil- dren. Immediately after his school work was over, he worked on his father ' s farm, and for several years as fireman. In 1903 h; came to Freeburg to accept a position as engineer of the Famous Coal Mines. Two years later he helped organize the Mulberry Hill Coal Com- pany, and as a reward to his excellent work, he was appointed secretary and engineer of the Mulberry Mines. Mr. Zerban was married to Katherine Feder on Jan. 16, 1903. There are two children: Clarence W., a fine young fellow who was born on Sept. i, 190 ' ;, and Carmiha, born on Oct. 10, 1907. He helped to organize and build the new Freeburg High School and was a member of the board until his death on Jan. 3, 1927. Mr. Zerban ' s hobby was the growing of flowers, which he greatly loved. When he died many of his friends lost a real pal. ALFRED J. STEIDEL R- ALFRED STEIDLL for tha last twenty- seven years has been employed at the Pfeffer Milling Company, in Lebanon. He w:as born on a farm one and one-half miles south- east of this city. May 22, 1S82, His tir.-it year of schooling was in the Oak ( ir ■ . S 1, , i -..-.ir his home, but in 1890 his pan ■ • ■ I .nun, and here he finished hn I r : iti.m. After working three or loir ;..irr ...n tlu t.irm, he entered the mill in 1900, and has been here since. His father, Frank Steidel, died on New- Year ' s Day, 191 1 ; his mother, Johanna Burkhardt Steidel, passed away on October 9, of the fol- lowing year. Mr. Steidel married Miss Anna Britt, July 3, 1915- She was born in Detroit, Minnesota, on May 8, 1887, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. P. Britt. Her mother died when Anna was quite young, and she was taken into the home of her uncle, Mr. and Mrs. Conrad Rieger, of Lebanon. She received her education in the public schools of Mascoutah Township. One daughter has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Steidel, Stella Mae, on June 25, 1919. For five years Mr. Steidel was an alderman in Lebanon, and for two years he has been a member of the school board. He was elected city treasurer in the spring of 1926. He belongs to the Odd Fellows, to the Knights of Pythias (now secre- tary), to the Evangelical Church, and to a local singing society, of which he is the secretary. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Steidel built the beauti ful home in which they now live. FRED WILLIAM KLEIN HRED WILLIAM KLEIN is one of Mar- issa ' s most popular and well-liked citizens. His modern drug store, with its complete stock of goods, IS one of this town ' s most fre- quented places of business. He was born in Lenz- burg, Illinois, on July 13, 1889. Here he attended the public schools, and later on, he studied in the Commercial College, in East St. Louis. His interest in pharmacy being stirred, Mr. Klein entered the St. Louis College of Pharmacy, from which he was graduated in 191 1. In the same year, he passed the Illinois board examination. Mr. Klein came to Marissa and was employed by N. T. Jensen, druggist. With George Kunze, in 1912, he bought out his employer ' s business. This partnership was dissolved in 1921, for the subject of this sketch took over his partner ' s share, estaWishing the F. W. Klein Drug and Jewelry Company, In his employ is E, E. Gibson, ALFRED I. STEIDEL .AND F.AMIIV S.v Hundred and Tli a well-known jewelry expert of thirty years ' experience. Mr. Klein, who is married, and has one son, Fred W., is an Odd Fellow and a Wood- man. He finds enough time to enjoy these great sports: baseball, fishing, and swimming. HENRY EBERLEIN ©OTH the father and the grandfather of Henry Eberlein were engaged in the shoe repair business, and Henry has followed them in this business. His grandfather, George Eberlein, came to this county from Germany and established a shoe shop in 1864, and his son, George, worked for him until the death of the former, and then took over the father ' s busi- ness. George Eberlein, Jr., was born in iSti. in Mascoutah, was married to Katherine Mann, of Clinton County on March 5, 1881, and became the father of two children — Anna M., born December s, 1881; and Henry, born July 26, 1886. The lather died on Sept. 12, 1926. Henry Eberlein was born in Mascoutah, was given a high school education, after which he attended the Belleville Commercial College, and then began working for his father. On August 18, 1908, he was married to Anna M. Bertholdt, the daughter of Leonard Bertholdt, a reputable miller and mine fireman of Mascoutah. Their daughter, Ellen, was born on the jrd of May, 1912. Mr. Eberlem worked with his father until the death of the latter, and then took charge of the business which he still manages and in which he has made up-to-date improvements. He is a member of the Evangelical Church, an Odd Fellow, a Moose, and a member of the Commer- cial Club. In 1926 he was elected to the Mas- coutah board of education. WALTER W. THOMAS ilrt ALTER W. THOMAS, of O ' Fallon, 111., Jy owner and operator of one of the largest hardware establishments in St. Clair County, IS the son of Nicholas Thomas, and was born in Belleville, III, Nov. 12, 189J. After attending school and Belleville Commercial Col- lege, took employment in O ' Fallon hardware store. Then during World War, enlisted in army and served overseas as corporal. In 1926, after two other business ventures, Mr . Thomas bought out the A. Ohlendorf hardware business in the place where now located. Two months after his discharge from the army, Mr. Thomas was married to Frieda E. Weil, daughter of Philip and Lena Weil, born near Lebanon, 111, on Jan. ij, 1895. Their son, Warren D. Thomas, was born Sept. 29, 1923,. Mr. Thomas is Mason and Shriner. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias, of the American Legion, of the O ' Fallon Rotary Club, and of the local Business Men ' s Association, of which organization he has served as president. GEORGE RAUSHKOLB ©ORN in Belleville, July 19, 1856; attended public schools of that city; enrolled in Central Wesleyan College, Warrenton, Mo.; employed as clerk in book store, but soon took up clerical work in manufacturing plant. Was married to Pauline Hartnagel, 1879. On April 18, i88j, entered retail grocery business, and for the last forty-three years he has been connected w ith this same business. His other activities: member of Retail Mer- chants ' Association (president for two terms); member of M. E. Church and Sunday School for fifty -five years (also chairman of board of trustees of his church for many years). Mrs. Raushkolb is also active in church work, being president of Ladies ' Aid Society. Mr. and Mrs. Raushkolb are the proud parents of five children. MC KENDREE fl R. C. STOLTZ ONE OF BELLEVILLE ' S most alert, indus- tnous. and up-to-date business men, one who IS well known and universally liked and who is busy in many civic and fraternal activities and organizations is R. C. Stoltz, senior member of the company of R. C. Stoltz 6? Son. whose store is situated at 20J East Main Street. R. C. Stoltz was born December 5, 1887, at Belleville, 111. At an early age he chose business as his field of occupation and, upon completing his public school education, enrolled in a com- mercial college. After he had finished his commercial educa- tion, Mr. Stoltz acted as bookkeeper and stenog- rapher in the freight department of a large St. Louis estabhshment for some time and later was bookkeeper for the Herzler Heminger Company. Not being content with working for other companies, and wishing to venture into the busi- ness world on his own initiative, Mr. Stoltz, in 1907, left his former occupation and opened a grocery business at 10-12 North Jackson Street, in Belleville. In 1921 he moved to his present location and has been there since that time. On Jan. 6, 1907, Mr. Stoltz was married to Meta M. Wenzel and two children have been born to this union — a son, Leroy R., being born February 21, 1908, and a daughter, Vivian J., coming into the family July i?, 191J. Leroy attended the public schools of Belleville and was graduated from the township high school in June of 1926. He was then taken into his father ' s business as junior partner. He is now a Freshman at the University of Illinois. R. C. Stoltz is a member of the Retail Mer- chants ' Association, of the Belleville Board of Trade, and of the Turner ' s St. Clair Lodge No. 24, Chapter 106, Sacred Commandery, No. ' ;2. He is a Mason; a member of the Belleville Coun- cil 67. Fishing and swimming are his hobbies. CHRISTOPHER W. SIEGEL CHE PROPRIETOR of the Lebanon Gar- age-Dodge Ser . ' ice Station, in Lebanon, 111., is Mr, Christopher Siegel, known to his friends as Hoppy Siegel. He is a native of this community, was born near Lebanon, Sep- tember 12, 1872, and received his education in the Lebanon public schools. His father rented a farm near Lebanon, and for a few years after finishing his schooling, Christopher worked on this farm. Afterwards he was employed as a delivery-man for the Belleville Star Brewery. He entered the garage business in 191 1 and in 1926 put up a new building, which his growing business required. Just before opening his gar- age here, Mr. Siegel worked in St. Louis for a while for the Schrader Coal 6? Ice Company. On May 22, 1907, he was married to Zula McGuire, the daughter of John R. and Eliza White McGuire, of Lebanon. She attended the Lebanon schools, and for two years the Carlyle High School. Before her marriage, she had lived a short time in Denver. She is a member of the Rebeccas. Her grandfather. Dr. John M. White, and her great uncles, Hamilton and n.inicl White, were among the first students ,it Mc- Kendree Oillege, a significant fact at thi.-; time. when the college is celebrating its Centennial year. Mr. Siegel is a member of the Evangelical Church, and of the K. P. Lodge. Hunting and fishing are his choice recreations. EMIL J. WEBER eMIL J. WEBER, one of the efficient busi- ness men of Lebanon, 111., a plumber, tin- smith, and sheet metal worker, and the owner of a first class hardware store, was born in this city June !•;, i88j. His father, Jo.seph Weber, long a cooper at the Pfeffer Mill, died May 18, igc;, and his mother on Nov. 25, 1895. They were the parents of eleven children. Mr. Weber finished the grades and spent three years in high school, before beginning his hfe ' s work in 1898 as an apprentice in the C. H. Sager Hardware Company. With the exception of one year (1901), when he worked at his trade in Duquoin, 111., he was employed in the above named business continuously for sixteen years, until 1917. when he went into business for him- self. In 1923, h; moved to his present location. On Nov. 8, 1906, he married Odelia R. Schutz, also born in Lebanon, Dec. 27, 1885, the daughter of Louis and Rosa Schmidt Schutz. Her father died on April 22, 1923; her mother is still living and in good health. Mr. and Mrs. Weber have three children — Edgar, born March 8. 1911; Robert, May 19, 1917; and Gertrude, on July 1 j, 1920. All attend the home schools. Mr. Weber is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, a Rotarian, and a member of the Evangelical Church, in which he is a trustee. He enjoys working in his garden and around his home. He is a good citizen and well liked here. GEORGE A. FISCHER R. GEORGE A. FISCHER, a hoisting engineer, living in O ' Fallon, was born at Staunton, Dec. 29, 1870. His good wife, Sarah Kerby Fischer, was born in Murphysboro, 111., Dec. 6, 1874, daughter of Isaac Kerby (died 190J), and Emeline Marsh (lives in Webb City, Mo.) They were married Feb. 11, 189J, and have had ten children, seven of whom still live. Their names and birth dates follow— E. Matilda, Dec. 8, 1893; Anna M., August 28, 1895; H. Edward, July 13, 1897) killed overseas in the World War); George Arnold, Feb. 17, igoo; Katherine E., June 30, 1902; Lester D., Dec. 26, 1904 (died in infancy); Emil T., Jan. 15, 1906 (died at eight years); M. Estella, April 2 , 1908; Walter F., Nov. 23, 1910; Lillie, July 23, 191 3. The four oldest children, now living, have mar- ried. Mr. Fischer received a public school edu- cation at Staunton, and worked on the farm until he was eighteen, when he began working as an engineer, and has since remained at this occupation; located at Litchfield for three years, and the rest of the time, until 1897, ' Staunton. Since 1897 he has worked in O ' Fallon. He holds memberships with the Odd Fellows, the Modern Woodmen, and the German Evangelical Church, and has been a member of the O ' Fallon Town- ship high school board for eight years. Mrs. Fischer is a Royal Neighbor, and a member of the Ladies Aid Society of her church. Mr. Fischer comes from staunch German parentage; his parents, George Fischer and Mary Hugle, came to America in 1843 from Bavaria, Germany. MRS. FRANK STROUD RS. FRANK STROUD, of East St. Louis, born at Washington, Indiana, on Sept. 6, 1892; received a part of her public school education here. Family moved to Flora, Illinois; graduated from McKendree College in 1914. One year, instructor in Flora High School. On November 2 , 1916, was married to Mr. Frank Stroud, of Altamont, Illinois, who attend- ed McKendree three years — is at present head salesman for H. J. Heinz Company, of St. Louis. Mrs. Stroud is member of Methodist Church, and of Schubert Club of her district. Is a great lover of music. Si.x Hundred and Thirtv-Four ARTHUR ENGELHARDT R. J ARTHUR ENGELHARDT, in partnership with his father, runs a black- smith shop in Manssa. He is the only son of John G. and Mary Hacker Engelhardt, was born in Manssa. Sept. nth, 1890, graduated from the high school in 1909, and went into his father ' s shop, which was then operated under the name of Engelhardt Bros., and worked here until 191 1, when he was made a partner in the business. In 1919, the name of the shop was changed to Engelhardt and Son. Mr. Engelhardt is married and has one son, Arthur Paul, born July 6th, 1915. The mother, formerly Edna F. Jones, is the daughter of Jon- athan and Clara (Dial) Jones, and was born in Manssa on Oct. 4th, 1893, was graduated from high school in 191 1, and studied music for one year in McKendree College. She was married to Mr. Engelhardt on Oct. 21st, 1912. She is a member of the Methodist Church, president of the Ladies ' Aid Society, a member of her church choir, and of the Board of Education of the Marissa public schools. Mr. Engelhardt is a Methodist, and the treas- urer of his church, a past Master of the Masonic Lodge No. 881, and a member of the Eastern Star. He owns a nice residence and other prop- erty in Manssa. JOHN D. JOHNSON aOHN DAVIS JOHNSON was born at Belleville, Illinois, April 19, 1844- He is descended from English and Scotch an- cestors, who settled in Virginia and Pennsyl- vania. His father, Henry Johnson, was born in Philadelphia, Jan. i, 1801, and his mother, Elvira Fouke, was born at Kaskaskia, the capital of Illinois Territory, March 26, 181}; they were married in 1829, settled at Belleville, and in 1858 moved to St. Louis. Mr. Johnson was the sixth and IS now the only surviving child born of that union. He was educated in part in the public schools of Belleville, and at McKendree College, but quit the latter in 1861 for the purpose of enlistin g m the Union Army, in which he served as a private and first lieutenant. Mc KENDREE He married his first wife while in the service, m 1S64, and at the end of the Civil War, he secured employment as a deputy court clerk at St. Louis, and applied himself to the study of law. After five years of persistent reading, he was, in 1870, duly admitted to practice his chosen profession in the Missouri courts, and promptly began his career in the office of his elder brother, Chas. P. Johnson, who at that time was one of the leading criminal advocates of the West. Later the two brothers formed a copartnership, for the general law practice, winch continued for more than twenty years, to their mutual advantage and satisfaction. Mr. Johnson was later associated with several other able attorneys. He has, however, always confined his efforts entirely to the civil and commercia ' branches of the law, and has earned for himself an enviable reputation as a conscientious, able, and successful practitioner. Of commanding pres- ence, genial manners, and unfailing courtesy, a hard student, thoroughly versed in all branches of the law, an easy and convincing speaker and a tireless worker; no man in the profession has commanded more respect than he. McKendree College in 1880 conferred upon him the honorary degree of M. A. Politically he has been a life long Republican, but has never held a political office. In 1897, Mr. Johnson married Miss Anne Mclntyre, of Mexico, Mo., who still survives. He through his entire life has lived cleanly. Good health, which he and his wife attribute largely to Christian Science, has been an important factor in his life. He has forty-four living descend- ants — that IS to say, seven sons and daughters, all married and well settled in life, twenty-five grandchildren and twelve great-grandchildren. ARTHUR SEIBERT ON RURAL ROUTE NO. 4, out from Belleville, is the farm of Mr. Arthur Seibert, consisting of 122 acres. He located on this farm in 1918, but began his career as a farmer in the Shiloh Valley, in 191 ' !, after work- ing at the molder ' s trade for a short time, and FRED FISCHER Dupo, III. Biography appears on page ' ;76 in the mines for nine years. Mr. Seibert is the son of a farmer, George Seibert, and of Lizzie Fritz, both of whom are dead. He was born near Shiloh Village, attended the Belleville Commer- cial College one year, and the Highland Park College, of Des Moines, Iowa, for six months. On July 4, 1907, he was married to Anna Mutte, a young lady of Shiloh Valley, the daughter of Theodore Mutte and Katie Meyer, who was born on March 13, 1884. She and Mr. Seibert have two children, Valerie, born Nov. 9, 1910, is now a Junior in the O ' Fallon High School. The younger child, Levi M., was born Nov. 16, 1915. Mr. Seibert was formerly a member of the K. P., and is now a member of the Shiloh Valley Grange. He has been on the school board of District 85 for seven years, and the president of this board since the spring of 1927. Mrs. Seibert is also a member of the Grange. J. ARTHUR ENGELHARDT and Famil Siv HiuidT-ed and Tlurty-Fn The Chapel Stair Happy reflection, sweet retrospection. Of other days on a campus hill; Of Autumn s brightness, of Winter ' s whiteness. And Spring ' s neiv morning breathing stiU; The buildings there erect and square. The Chapel hall and its winding stair. How I remember in late Septe mber My first matriculation day: Each grave professor we made confessor. And half afraid awaited his say. But we found him fan, forgot our scare ' Mong the chattering group by the Chapel stair. Twas a place of meeting and friendly greeting The old stone steps by the Chapel door. Here learned teachers, student preachers. Seniors, and Juniors from class ' room lore, J ' iow rid of care, with a joyous air Together ascended the Chapel stair. Hour of devotion, refreshing lotion Wherein our weary souls did lave; So timid-hearted ive ne ' er departed Less unprepared to-day to brave For a simple prayer gave courage there As we went our way from the Chapel stair. In seasons festive the Seniors restive Their contemplated fields to till. Do here assemble, and looJ ing tremble Their new capacity to fill For many a care is their ' s to share When they finally leave the Chapel stair. How oft, I wander, after sad blunder Do others do as some have done Who to place returning, its blessing yearning. Have found themselves by the steps of stone And lingered there in memory where They had loitered before, by the Chapel stair. When I no longer am grounng younger. When e ' er my long life ' s day is told; Its sun still shinmg yet slow declining, I would steer my bar}{ for McKendree old For God is there and Heaven somewhere J [ot far from the head of the Chapel stair. By F. C. Brown ' 28 INDEX Abend, Chandler, B. . . .610, Adams, Rev. John M. Adelsberger, John F. . Agriculture Dept., organized Ahrens, Charles C. . Akers, Joshua S. Akers, M. p., and Family Akers, Peter. . 101, Hit Alexander, Julia Estelle Alexander, Maude . Allyn, Ellen S. . Allyn, Joseph G. . Ally ' n, Robert, sketch and portra Alpha Mu Omega . Alpha Psi Omega Alumni Roster (1916-1910) Alumni Roster (1920-1922) . Alumni Roster (1923-1928) Alvord, Mrs. Josephine Ames, Bishop E. R. . Ames, James M. . Amos, Josephine Anderson, Alonzo R. . Andrews, Dr. Malcolm Perce Andrews, Rev. C. P. . Andrus, Dr. Rueben Anheuser and Ruth Anton, Joseph J. . Arnold, John F. . . . Armstrong, Charles U. . Articles of Confederation, Mo. and III Conferences .... Articles of Organiz.ation of Sem Asbury, Bishop . AsBURY, Earl E. Asbury, Dr. Ernest C. . AsBURY, portrait OF BiSHOP Ash, Edwin L. , AsH, John F. Athletics, College Atterbury, Geo. W. Atterbury, Jas. H. . Augusta College AxTELL, Benton AxTELL, Ellen C. Babcock, Rev. Geo. W Babcock, Rev. Wm. C. Bachelors Bachman, Amy Badgley Family . Badley, William J. . Baer, Philip Bailey, Dr. G. O. . Bailey, Stephen M. Bainbridge, Mrs. Ella Baird, John H. . Baker, Edwin P. Baker, Mrs. Ida Belle Baker, Jehu, portrait Baldwin, Chas. C. Baltz, William N. . Band, Barber, Sam D. Barger, Rev. James H. Barnes, Harold P. . Barr, Morris Lincoln Barter, Dr. A. J. . Barton, Kirtland C. Barts, Charles H. . 108, 350, 407, . 408, 324 341 55 372 457 251 336 200 249 356 216 341 249 306 383 541 61 378 622 baseball . Basketball . Bassett, William H. Baer, Adolph Beck, Rev. Harris G. . Beckman, C. W. . Beedle, Gertrude Bechtold, Dr. H. T. Behrens, Mrs. Jessie H. . Begole, Blanche Behymer, Frank A. Bell, Charles P. Bell, College B elleville . 256 Bennwell, J. Leon Berger, Albert L. . Berger, Dr. Lyman A. . Bernays, Dr. a. C. . Bernays, Thekla Bernreuter, Rev. George Berry, Mrs. Cora G. . Bevis, Charles A. . Biggerstaff, Mrs. Ada B. Biggs, Wm. . Bigler, Ada Billings, Rev. George H. Bishop, Elmer Bishop, James A. BissELL, William H. Black, Sanders W. . Black, Wm. H. . Blair, Prof. F. O. . Blair, George . Blair, Rev. James G. Blanck, Mrs. Myrtle D. Blanck, Jennie E. . Bloody Island . Blythe, Jesse W. Blume, John H. . Blume, Louise C. Blumenstein Brothers Board of Trustees . Bock, Dr. G. G. . BoHM, Louis F. Boman, Frank Bornman, Lewis C. , Bond, Gov. Shadrach BoNHAM, William T. Bonner, Stith Otwell Bott, William Bowman, Bishop. Bradford, Thoklas A. Bradley, Elsie . Brannum, Rev. T. P. Brentzell, H. R. . Breuer, William H. Brinkerhoff, J. G. Briscoe, Thos. I. Broaddus, Kate G. Brock, John Wesley Brooks, Anna Mary Brooks, John M. Brown, Asahel . Brown, Carrie Agnes Brown, Charles B. Brown, Charles L. . Brown, Judge E. D. Brown, E. Grace . Brown, George L. Brown, Mrs. Iva Wisi Brown, Dr. Lloyd W. Brown Oratorical Contest Brown, Robert J. Brown, Shelby C. Brown, Judge Will . 504 384 . 536 371 . 372 606 . 245 175 489, 490 345 . 290 215 . 219 316,377 . 323 375 . 611 390 . 454 390 . 601 290 . 268 481 . 273 229 . 176 456 . 170 384 . 362 494 610, 611 215 . 245 606 . 18 609 . 219 631 . 205 462 . 285 180 . 345 106 . 142 378 . 362 398 . 552 274 . 226 341 300 275 Brown, William J. . Brown, Wm, F. ' Brown, Chas. W. . Brownlee, Jamfs H. Bryant, David W. . Bryan Essay Contest . Bryan, Silas Lillard Bryan, William Jennings Buchanan, Prof. Geo. V. BuDiNA, Fred E. . BuEL, Rev. J. C. Buildings, Growth of , BuNDY, Flossie Burgard, Mrs. M.ae H. BuRNETTE, Esther Burroughs, Caleb C. . BuRRuss, Dr. Edward W. Burt, Mrs. Maud Watts Burton, Ida May BUSCHER, L. B. Butler, Joseph Butts, Louis A. . Byars, W. V. Cahokia Cokesbury College Calame, Rev. F. M. Caldwell, Dr. George W. Caldwell, Thomas J. Calhoun, Harold V. . Calhoun, Llewellyn Callahan, Ethelbert . Calvert, David G, . Camp, Thomas N. Campbell, Bruce A. Campbell, Mrs. Carrie Thrall Campbell, Rev. C. W. Campbell, Drs. J. A. and J. M. Campbell, Rev. Marshall Cannady, Dr. E. W. . Capen, Ida May Capture of Kaskaskia . Carnegie, Andrew . Carnegie Hall . Carr Family. Carroll, Chas. B. Carson, Franklin B. Carson, Mrs. F. Spies . Carson, James S. . Carson, Leonard Carter, Atkins H. . Carter, Augustine P. . Carter, Cleon C. . Carter, Dr. 1. M. G. . Carter, J. P.. Carter, Mrs. Martha Siggett Carter, Mrs. Nellie Z. . Cartwright ' s hat, picture . Cartwright, Peter, portrait Saddlebags Casad, Orla S. Case, Ruth E. . Casey, Samuel K. . Casey, Judge Thom.as . Casey, Thomas S. . Casey, Zadock . Caseyville ... Castle, Henry A. C.astello, Wm. . Caughlan, George S. . Central Christian Advocate Central Illinois Conference organized Chaffin, Horatio C. INDEX— Continued Chaffin, Mrs. O. Miller Choisser, Robert E. . Choisser, Hon. W. V. . Chamberlin, Clifford D. . Chamberlin, Judge C. E. Chamberlin, Edgar Clinton Chamberlin, J. M. Chamberlin, John M., Jr. . Chamberlin, Mrs. Lula F. Chamberlin, McKendree H. Chambers, Nathan Chance, William . Chape Wollie Chapin, Judge S. P. . Chapman, Benjamin H. Chapman, Hon. Pleasant T. Charles, Geo. B. Charter, first Revised. Childs, Rev. Nathaniel C. Christian Associations Christian, Wm. Christmas Conference, Baltimore Church, Dr. H. S. . Churches, Lebanon Church Influence in State Schools Clark Brothers. Clark Hall .... Clark, Rev. John Clarke, Col. George Rogers Classen, Edward A. . Class of 18ti9 Chautauqua, Philo Clemens, Mrs. Minnie H. . Clemson, Col. . . . . Clionian Literary Society oU, 310, Clock, College . Clucas, William J. . Clucas, William S. COBLEIGH, PrES. NeLSON E. Cobleigh, Nelson S. College Association College Church College Papers College Prayer Meeting College Well, poem Combe, Chas. E. . Combs, Clarence A. Commencement Day, first Commencement Program, facsimile Commercial Dep ' t. Conference on Seminary . CoNNOLE, Martha L. . Cook, Ralph 255, Copp, Capt. William H. Corbett, Boston CoRLis, George L. CoRRELL, Rev. J. M. Corrie, Eugene . CORRINGTON, ReV. J. F. Corrington, Stephen F. CORRINGTON, ReV. WilLIAM H CouGHENOR, Alfred E.. County Superintendents . County Teachers Meetings CouRTER, Mrs. Mabel S. . Cramp, Rev. Lemuel Cramp, Lemuel L., Jr. Crary, Rev. B. F. Creamer, Philip Creighton, Joseph C. Crews, Franklin P. . Critchley, W. Y. Croix, Robert B. Crosby, George E. Crosby, Viola Crouse, C. Culver, Rev. O. F. . CuMMiNGs, Pres. Anson W. ' Soo 385 229 305 336 306 183 330 375 346 507 306 448 332 226 246 203 131 133 291 92 349 . 397 484 . 445 003 . 210 303 . 359 119 313, 315 175 . 293 266,; 127 385 331 128 285 239 107 596 194 331 367 381 182 342 235 450 276 245 404 390 342 CuMMiNGS, Rev. Anson W. Cummins, Rev. J. B. . Cummins, Rev. J. P.. Cummins, Rev. John W. Cummins, Rev. J. S.. Cummins, Rev. L. G. Cunningham, Annie Cunningham, Richard Frisbie Cunningham, Rev. W. L. . Curtis, Benjamin Moore Daab, FredC. . Dailev, Prof. Wm. M. Dalley, Nettie M. Daniels, James Dante, Mrs. Myrtle L. Dare, Nellie. Darmstatter, Louis G. . Darnielle, Isaac Darrow. William E. . Daumueller, William C. Dausman, Carrie Davidson, Samuel . Davidson, Wesley Davis, Cora B. Davis, Rev. W. R. Debate, Women ' s Debate, Men ' s . Dee, Rev. J. G. Dee, Norman Bliss Delzell, Daniel H. . Delzell, John C. Deneen Family Deneen, Florence Deneen, Charles S.. Deneen, Edward A. Deneen, Risdon M. . Deneen, Sadie Alice Deneen, Prof. Samuel H. Deneen, Rev. William L. Denny, John S. Dew, Chas. F. . Dew, Rev. John Dew, Jere T. Dickens visits St. Clair County Dickson, Mrs. Ethel D. Dickson, Mrs. Sadie D. DiNTELMAN, LoUIS F. Dixon, Joseph Dixon, Samuel . Dollahon, Robert . Dolley, Prof. James C. . Donoho, Earl W. . Donovan, Rev. J. S. DoREY, Thomas S. . DoRRis, Prof. Chas. H.. DoRRis, William R.. Doty, Mrs. M. Steele . DouD, Mrs, Etta H. Dougherty, Dora Dougherty, Ethel . Doyle, Benj. H. . Doyle, Frank Downs, Rev. Frank W. Dressor, Charlotte A. Dressor, Edwin W. Drury, Joseph W. . Dry Zone Bill Dubuque, Julien Duncan, Rev. C. M. . Duncan, Myrtle Duncan, Mrs. Susie Schui DuNDAs, Rev. J. W.. Dunsdon, Cora . Dupo . Dupo High School 595 . 375 342 619, 620 303 . 251) 128 . 358 233 362 608 380 379 585 473 607 592 375 474 151 367 165 . 216 216 . 499 326 279, 482 251 . 168 291 . 160 148 . 107 293 99, 123 230 . 48:3 375 . 291 609 . 507 509 . 151 353 144 333 505 541 251 241 240 153 405 448 390 384 389 372 280 511 iH. 1868 Dutch Pete . Dyroff, Louis j. Eagleton, Judge Leander Eagleton, Mrs. M. Pierce Early Lawyers . Early Physicians Earp, Rev. John E. Earp, Dr. Samuel E East St. Louis, the Metropolis E.aton, Henry B. Eaton, Rev. ThoM; Eaton, Wm. P. Ebenezer Academy Eberhardt, Wm. J. Eberlein, Henry. Ebert, William H. EcKERT, John H.. EcKERT, Thomas W, Edgar, John Education in St. Clair Co. Educational Convention, Edwards, Geo. K. . Edwards, John C. Edwards, Ninian Edwards, Oliver M. . Edwards, Stephen G. H. Edwards, Surry L. Edwards, William O. Edwards, Dean W. W.. Eggman, August M. EiDMAN, Arthur ElSENMAYER GyMNASIUM ElSENMAYER, MrS. JeNNIE E Elain, John . Elain, Thomas . Elipf, Wm. W. Elliott. Charles Herbert Embury, Philip ' s Horn Endowment Campaign. Endowment Certificate Endowment Growth Engelhardt, j. Arthur Ensign, Mrs. Flossie B. . Ensign, Newton E. . Entrekin, Peter T. Essex, Thomas Essex, Wm. M. . Evans, Ernest Evans, Ora Ewing, James K. EwiNG, James R.. Ewington, Alfred . Farmer, Celia Albin Farmer, Judge William A Farmer, William Roy Farthing, Mrs. Harriet G Farthing, Lulu M Farthing, Paul fe? Chester Faulkner, John S. . Faulkner, Mrs. Neli Ferguson, Prof. Edw Ferguson, Juliette Feurer, George M.. Feurer, Grover E. Feurer, J. H.. Field, Eunice FiKE, Henry Clay . Finances, College Fine Arts FiNLEV, Pres. J. C. First M. E. Church, . 468 11, 535 343 . 344 472 . 469 200 . 268 492 . 565 153, 318 . 205 103 . 621 634 . 603 184 . 205 463 . 512 198 . 219 216 . 476 226 . 220 161 . 337 227 . 603 544 . 409 362 . 191 213 . 201 387 . 139 .349, 400 . 191 270 635 379 383 275 181 220 614 367 612 404 375 303 007 ,607 320 285 582 603 584 East St. Louis Six HundTcd and Tliirlv-Eiglil MC KENDREE INDEX— Continued First Nat ' l Bank, OTallon . Fisher, Allen G. Fischer, Fred G.. Fischer, George A. Fischer, Philip . FisK, Wilbur, as a Disciplinari ' Fitzgerrell, John S. Fleming,- Mrs. Ida C. Fletcher, A. J. . Flint, Edith M. . Flint, Geo. W. . Flint, Gilbert Roy . Flint, Rev. John W. Flint, Mary F. Flint, Wm. W. . Flocken, Rev. Louis M. Foltz, Rev. M. C. Football . 71,350,413, Ford, Thomas . Forensics Forman, Mrs. Rebecca Foster, John T. Foster, Samuel Louis . Fowler, Rev. Ellis F. Fox, Blanche Franklin, Charles Alfred Frantz, Jacob W. Freark, Mrs. Anna M. . Freark, Rev. C. S. Freeburg French, Augustus C. . French Customs French, Edward S. Freshmen Freshour, Orville C. . Freudenberg, Walter Frey, Charles . Fritz, Rev. Carl Rroeschle, Rev. David. Frost, Chas. S. FuNFAR, Mary . Fulgham, Mrs. O. Pesold . rsP. 606 596 274 276 508, 509 479 - 464 201 44 588 . 633 629 618, 619 614 . 233 404 . 354 Gadeky, Harry F. . Gaffner, Catherine Gaffner, Gertrude . Garrell, Nellie B. Garrett, Mrs. Grace Isdel Garrigus, Harriet Garth, Mary S. Gary, Judge Elbert H. Gaskill, Dr. J. R. M. Gedney, Cora F. Gentry, Cyrus George, Rev. A. C. George, Margaret. Gerking, Gertrude Germain Arthur J. Gerold, E. Fred Gibson, Charles T. Gilbert, Margaret Geisler, Rev. John N. . Gill, Fred K. . . . Girls Basketball Team (1903-1904) Glasgow, Fannie Primm . Glenn, Dr. Carl L. , Glenn, William T. . Glotfelty, Rev. J. F. . Glotfelty, P. R. . Goethe, John G. . Goforth, Mrs. Julia B. GoFORTH, Walter C. . Goheen, Dr. S. M. E. GOODFELLOW, ReV. WrLIAM Goodman, Rev. George GooDNER, Madison M. . Goodner, Dr. G. W. 343 367 370 604 , 564 345 220 Gordlfy, K Gordon, Abram G. , Gould, Rev. Vergil N. Governors op III. from St. Clai Grannis, F. C. . Gratrait, Charles . Greathouse, Lucien Green, Rev. Thos. E. Gregory, Thomas W. Griesbaum, Dr. Phil, Griffin, Boone . Griffin, Oscar B. . Grodeon, Elmer A. Grodeon, Walter J. Grolle, Fred W. Gunthorp, Horace . GusTiN, Robert V. Gwin, John N. H Haagen, Emil C. . . 368 Haas, Louis J. . 623 Hadley, Frank . 391 Hadley, W. F. S. 203 Haggin, James . 473 Hagist, Oscar . 549 Haisley, Wm. P. . . 185 Hall, Rev. Claude C. . 575 Hall, J. Caleb . 275 Hammen, Mrs. IdaM.. 326 Hallam, Dr. John L. . 145 Hamilton, John 510 Hampton, John M.. . 333 Handsaker, Charles M. 182 Handsaker, Theodore . 241 Hankamer, Edward C. 595 Happy, Cyrus . 211 Happy, H.W. . 206 Harder, John C. . . 359 Harding, Mrs. Nina Jepson . 337 Harding, Frederic B. 343 Harding, Robert H. . 343 Harding, Walter C. . 343 Hardy, David Morris . 605 Harker, Judge O. A. . 201 Harmon, Pres. Cameron 425 Harmon, Rev. J. F. . . 396 Harmon, Seymour H. . 286 Harnsberger, Wm. A. . 230 Harris, Rev. Frank . 598 Harris, Rev. Joseph, . 187 Harrison Family 458 Harrison, Cornelius Gooding - 150 Harrison, Hugh G. . 1.50 Harrison, Dr. J. S. . . 170 Harrison, Olive E. . 341 Harrison, Thomas Oglesby . 150 Harrison, Tom . 148 Hartman, Harrison H. . . 630 Hartzell, William 182 Hastings, Samuel . . 220 Hatten, Charles T. . 580 Hamill, James M. . . 210 Hay, John 450 Hayes, Thomas J., Jr. . 595 Hays, William K. 345 Hays, Dr. and Mrs. George R. . . 584 Heacock, Russell 474 Hecker, Col, Fred . . 508 Hecker, Harold F. 385 Heer, Christian . . 630 Heer,L.F. 631 Heineman, Adam M. . 619 Heinemann, Julius 621 Helms, Edward S. . . 608 Hemmen, Herman 504 Henderson, Andrew E. . . 345 Henderson, Mrs. Catherine G. 3ii7 Hennessey, Rev. John D. Herbsman, Julius C. Herdman, Etta Herdman, Minnie E. Herdman, Dr. Thomas H Hereford, Hon. Francis Herman, Peter, Jr.. Herman, Philip . Herron, Mrs. Emma Car Herron, Samuel P. Herschey, Mrs. Faith W. Henninger, John W. . Hewitt, James Herbert Hicks, Thomas . Higgins, Dr. Isaac N. HiGGiNS, Thomas Hill, Geo. W. Hill, John Hill, S. S. . HiLLSKOETTER, JuDGE J. E. HiRscHLER, Jacob P. . HiRSTEiN, Abraham HiRSTEiN, John HiRTH, VaL Historic Incidents . Hitch, Alice E. . Hoar, Rev. S. H. . Hobbs, John L. . Hobbs, Mae . HoDGDON, Judge S. D. . Hoerdt, Otto Hoffman, Norma J. HoHMAN, Rev. Rudolph, portrait Holbert, Capt. R. A- . Holder, Robert D. W. . HoLDERBY, Amy . Holding, Elizabeth . HoLLiDAY, George H. . Homecomings Home Economics Dep ' t orga Homer, W. N. Honorary Alumni Roster Horner, Ethel E. . Horner Family . Horner, Hattie H. . Horner, Henry Hypes . Horner, Roland H. HoRNiNE, Wm. H. HoRTON, Agnes Hough, William H. . Houghton, Rev. Ross C. Housam, Jessie . HousAM, William . HouTs, Rev. Thom. ' s F. HOYT, Mrs. Carrie B. HoYT, Rev. E. A. HoYT, John W. HuECKEL, Josephine Huggins, Rev. John N. Hughes, Virginia E. Hughey, Laura A. . HUGHEY, SaLLIE M. Hull, Arthur Harrison Humphrey, Rev. George W. Hunt, Anthony A.. Hurt, Pres. H. W. Hussong Family Hussong, Mae . Hutchinson, William Hypes, Dr. Benjamin M Hypes Family - Hypes Field Hypes, W.H.. Illinois Advocate ? Journa Illinois Coal Company Si.T Htmdred and ThwtyK ' _MC KENDREE INDEX— Co7Uniued Illinois Conference organized Illinois Conference Session, ISi Illinois Town in 1818 Impro ements Inauguration, Pres. Harmon Indhna Conference organized Interscholastic, The Irwin, Syl ester M. IsDELL, Grace ACK, HaLLIE . ACK, Isaac B. AQUEss, Re ' . Jakies A ARRAT, Nicholas EPSON, Albert G. . EPSON, Bertha . EPSON, Genevieve . EPSON, Jessie O. . EPSON, Nina Theresa EPSON, Ruth erome, Charles Wesley ohnson, Bert OHNsoN, Charles P., portr ohnson, John D. OHNSON, John Davis OHNSON, Jeremiah G. , Fannie E. loNES, Arthur . loNEs, Carrie F. [ones, James Clinton [ones, John Rice [ones, Mary A. . [ones. Prof. Oliver [ones, Thos. H. . ONES, Judge W. C ONES, William . ONES, William L. ONES, William V. OSEPH, Barnett oseph, Elmer G. . OSEPH, Edward N, OSEPH, Louis G. . OSEPH, Oliver C. UDY, Thos. J. . UNIORS 95 Klein. Fred W. . 633 107 Knoebel, William L. . 626 493 Knox, Thos. E. . 216 429 Koch, John J. . 625 42(; Koebel, Oliver J. . . 621 9n Koenigstein, W. a. 368 420 Koerner, Gust.-lvas, . 474 24li KoLB Brothers . 591 3SH Kolb, Christian KoLB, William . KoLDiTz, Conrad A. Kortkamp, Mrs. Eva O. . 591 592 615,616 380 , Krehbiel, Augusta . 368 307 149 450 320 367 Krehbiel, Edward D. . 384 Krohn, Henry W. . . 620 Krome, Judge W. H. . 191 Kuehn, M. F. . 629 KuNZ, William P. 622 KUNZE, Gus J. . 625 355 337 KuNZE, Herman H. . 581 KuNZE, J. C. F. . 573 307 242 635 130 576 563 363 363 472 326 167 163 563 269 359 630 632 574 555 .547 206 34 Kampmeyer, Ralph . . .504 Kanzler, Herman A. . 569 Karnes. Mrs. Kate O. . 356 Karns, John Marshall 5:34 Kaskaskia in ISIS , . 441 Kasserman, Judge H. M. 331 Keach, Edwin P. . . 242 Kean, Rev. Roy . 633 Kean, Harold P. . . 404 Keeney, Dr. Joseph 182 Keet, John C. . 221 Keller, Columbus A. 217 Kelly, Rev. Thomas H 604, 605 Kelsoe, Wm. a. , Kennedy, Dempsey S. 171 Keplinger, Rev. Peter 355 Kern, Rev. Ernest . 148 Kerr, Daniel 181 Kerr, S. Bartlett . . 324 King, Rev. John . 93 King, Joseph N. . 1.53 King, William W. 1.54 Kingsbury, Ira D. . . 295 KiNISON, J. W. A. .404, 422 Kimball, Rev. C. O. . 363 Kimbrell, William .620.621 Kinney, Wm.. . 4.56 Kirk, Lizzie O. 371 La Compte, Madame Laird, Anna R.. Laird, Rev. John M. Laird, Orley E. . Land, Garrett, C. Land. James H. . Landau, Louis Lane, Minerva E. Lane, Rev. Wm.N.. Large, Rev. J. Arthu Large, James R. Large, Susannah Hunter Lasley, Harvey C. . Leahy, James. Lebanon . Lebanon Journal . Lebanon Mayors Lecturers, 1876 6? 1,877 Lecturers, Centennial Year Leonard, Mary E Lee, Charity A.. Leeper, Rev. John Lehman, George E., portrait Lehman, Nellie Florence Levan, W. C. . Lewis, E.E. . Lewis, Phoebe E. . Lemen, Edith. Lemen Family Lemen, John T. Lemmon, W. W.. Lenz, Chas. . Library, Benson Wood. Liggett, Dr. Geo. S. Liggett, Kate C. Liggett, Martha E. Lindemann Geo. C. LiNDLY, Hon. Cicero J. LiNDLY, Mrs. Laura M. Lindly, Madison M. Lindly, Mary Agnes . LiTTicK, Geo. W. LiTTicK. Judge W. H. . Livesay, Dr. T N. . Loar, Rev. Melvin Locke, Dr. Edwin G Locke, Geo. W. . Locke. Rev. John W Logan. David Logan. Geo. H. Lord. John W. . Losh. Dr. Geo. L. . Louden, Rebecca J. Louden, Robert S. . . 449 242 . 243 337 . 206 326 . 537 250 612, 613 355 . 208 280 . 300 . 579 496 164, 255 497 . 393 430 . 277 611 . 164 293 . 327 404 . 325 364 . 372 453 . 503 185 . 630 405 . 222 252 546 . 252 281 . 272 2,50 2.52 237 211 243 231 612 272 3.55 Lough, Norm. n A Louis, Mrs. Elizabeth Louis, Henry W. Lovely Lane Meeting House Lowe, James H. . Lowis, Mrs. Edith L. LoY, Myrtle T. . LucKNER, Walter Lucky, Wm. T. LupTON, John Lyceum, McKendree College Lyons, W. M. K. Lynch, Isabel Lynch, Mrs. Fannie Lytle, James P. M Mallory. Major E. M. . Manners, Prof. Chas. L. Marcoot, Louis A. . Marion, Francis M. . Marissa Marlott, Mrs. Eunice F. Marshall, Frank W. Marshall, Ira W. Martin, Dr. Samuel M. . Markman, Rev. O. L. . Marks, Chas. W. . Mascoutah Mason, Mrs. Clara Mason, L. W. . Mason, Mrs. C. Zerweck. Mathematics Club Matthews, Jos. H. . Mattison, Rev. Spencer Mauck, Mrs. Esther Maurer, Chas. J. Mays, Vernon G. . Mead, Mrs. Maggie Mears, William . Meehan, Thos. M. Meguire, Abijah S.. Men ' s Glee Club Merkel, Benjamin G. Merker, Robert L. Mermaid House Merrill, Annis . Merriam, Jonathan Portrait Merrills, Frederick E. Merrill, Pres. John W. Merritt, G. Wesley Metcalf, Allan D. Messenger. John Mexican War, McKendreans in Meyer. Frank P. MClub ... McAllilly. Marquis L. McBride. Thos. H. . McCammon, Chas. D. . McCammon, Rev. Geo. E.. McCay, Edna , McClintock, L. E. 6? R. McCoRKLE. Rev. Thos. N. McCormack. Dr. J. L. McCullagh. Jos. B. . McCuRDY. Junius N. McDonald, Lewis McDowell, Bishop . McDowell, Mrs. Cora E. McElvain, Judge Robert J. McElfresh, Rev. Wm. McKendree McFarland, Rev. T. C. . McGary, Grace Harmon McGaw, Mrs. Susannah . McGinnitie, W. Fish . McGlynn. Daniel . McHalf. Thos. C. 245 359 345 Si.x Hundred and Forty INDEX— Co7Uinttea McQueen, Mrs. Amy H. McKee, Mrs. CoraD.. McKee, Horace N. . McKee, Joseph W. McKee, Sam P. McKee, William W. . McKendree, Poem . McKendrean, The Original Building . McKendree Echo. The . McKendree Headlight, The McKendree Orchestra McKendree Regiment, Cf paigns of McKendree Repository McKendree Review, The McKendree Sketch Book, Th McKendree, William . McKiNLEY, Hon. William . McKowN, Rev. Louis S. McClure, S. M. McMuRDO, J. R. McMuRPHY, Miss MiLBURN, Rev. Wm. H Miller, Chas. H. . Miller, Chester F. Miller, Eugene Miller, Frederick F. Miller, Judge Henry C Miller, Ida Maria Miller, John Elmer Miller, Joseph A. Miller, Proe. J. R. . Miller, Leroy E. Miller, Magdalena Miller, Monroe J. Miller, Olive I. Mills, Sarah M. MiLNOR, Mrs. Hattie M. . MiNTER, Chas. M. Minutes. Stockhold- ers of Lebanon Seminary, Fac- similes. . 110,11 Mitchell Brothers. Mitchell, John M. Moeser, Frederick . Moll, A. L. A. ? E. G. L. Molles, John Mollman, Julius D. Mollman Arthur J. Monk Implement Co. Montgomery, Rev. E. E. . Moore, Addie Viola . Moore. Emma Carrie Moore. Dr. Hosea H. . Moore, Jacob S. Moore. Judge J. M. Moore, Gen. Jesse H. Moore, Jonathon Moore, Risdon Moore. Mrs. Viola C. Moore, W. H. A. . Moore, Thos. F. Moore, William Moredock, John Moorman, Rev. C. W. . Morgan, E. L. . Morgan, Mrs. Mary Flint Morriss, a. W., Jr. . Morris, Grace Morris, Rev. James W. Morriss, Dr. Herbert A. . Morriss, Mrs. Mary Jones Morrison, Elizabeth Morrison, Hattie A. . Morrison, Robert . Morrison, William Morrison, Col. Wm. R. . PAGE 371 280 294 247 231 292 263 261 96 365 610 . 386 357 . 561 273 512, 593 629 337, 338 323 . 380 183 . 355 252 . 2.53 617 280 . 142 460 159, 459 363 . 404 373 . 460 466 376 323 3.56 326 282 253 449 448 159 Morrow, Re . William MousLEY, Laura I. . MuDGE, Thos. H. Mueller, Arthur, poem Mueller, Harry muilberger, c. l. . MULKEY, C. C. . Mullen, Mrs. Annie R. Mummert, Michael MuNGER, Robert P. . MuNSELL, Rev. Oliver S. MuRDicK, John MusER, Wm. . MusKOEF, Richard H. Nast, Dr. William Nature Club Nay, Mrs. Julia A. Neil, Prof. C. E. . Nelson, Adolphus Nelson, Mrs. Lulu P. Nelson, N. L. Neuhoee, Dr. Floria Nevin, James New Athens. Nichols, Mrs. Florence R Nichols, John S. C. . Nichols, Julia Belle Nicholson, John S. . NiEMEYER, Charles A NiEss, George Nix, Wm. H. . NoLEMAN, Robert C. North, John E. . North, Judge J. M. Nuckolls, Robert S. NuETZEL, Fred G. Nuernberger, Geo. H NUNNELLY, lONA EcKERT o Obern agel, G. L. . Oberneufmann, Joseph O ' Fallon O ' Fallon, Col. John Ogle Family . Ogle, Joseph O ' Hara, Thomas . Olden, Lt. B. F.. Olden, Lucius M. . Olden, Maj. W. P. O ' Neal, Avis P. . Orr, Walter A. OSAWA, MiSHIO Otto, Re ' . Frank F. Otwell, Eva M. Otwell, Kate . Otwell, P. C. Oxford Club 263 613 508 360 614, 615 Pace, Agnes, picture . 314 . 364 Padpield, Prof. W. G. . 618, 619 Padfield, William . . 508 Padon, Carrie Olive . 278 Paris Cleaning and Dyeing Co. . 552 Parker, Capt. J. T. . 184 Parker, Dr. Thomas A. . 171, 346 Parkinson, Augustus A. 232 Parkinson, Daniel B. . 207 Parkinson, Rev. E. H. . 243 Parkinson, Geo. W. Parkinson, Julia E. Parkinson, Oscar L. Patterson, Mrs. Blanche Patterson, Lulu Pearsons, D. K. . Pearsons Hall Peach, C. B. . Peach, Susie M. Pearn. Mrs. Annie C. . Peck, John M. Penrod, Andrew J. . Pensoneau Narcisse Perrin. Judge Frank . Perrin, J. Nick, portrait Perry, Jean Francis Pesold, Prof. Arnold Pesold. Prof. Fred Pesold. Ottilia Peters, Elihu McKendree Peterson, Rev. C. L. Peterson, Lewis V. Peterson, Paul Q. . Peterson, Mrs. Phoebe. Petri, Ed. . Pfeffer, Agnes Pfeffer, Mrs. Dora D. Pfeffer, W.C. . Ppennighausen, Otto C, portrait Pfingsten, Edward W.. Phelps, Mrs. Carrie P. . Phelps, George L. Phillips, David Phillips, Rev. D. W. Phillips, Geo. D. Phillips, Lewis M. Philo Hall, picture Philosophian Literary Society Physics, The Burial of . Pierce, Minnie A. Pierce, Rev. Reuben E. Pierce, Rev. William H. PiERCY, Mrs. Eulalia Piercy, W. Duff. Pierson, Johnson Pi Kapp. Delta . Planellas, Miguel . Platonian Literary Society Poole, Rev. William H. . Porter, J. Scott. Pope. Major William S. Porter, Judge David H Porter, Thos. J. Posey, Jabez H. . PosTEL, Julius PosTEL Mills PosTEL, Philip H. President ' s Home, Former Press Club Preston, George W. . Pribble, Mrs. Sarah M. Primm, John Primm, Ninian Edwards . Proclamation of Gov. St. Clair Programs — Facsimiles of Commencement; 1854 1857. 1862 .... 1869. 1881 .... 1882. F.AcsiMiLEs OP Clio .311,312, Conservatory op Music Lebanon Female Institute Philo . . 280,299 Plato . . .233,305, Pulliam, John 6? Thomas Purl, R. Keith . 307 4.50 349, 354 349, 354 . 3.54 300 . 376 377 . 628 . 376 . 373 373 . 338 .551 . 278 1.50 . 4.52 190, 271 . 243 169 . 298 . ' 322 344 . 281 287 . 377 374 129, 297 509 531 130 48 296 . 236 300, .301 308, 310 454 Si.v Himdred and Forty-One MC KENDREE INDEX— Continued Queen, Robert A. . . 191 QuiNN, JohnJ. . 504 R Radefelt, Alice. 314 Raleigh, John J. . . 364 Ramsay, Daniel G. . 324 Ramsey, Elain S. . . 207 Ramsey, Geo. P.. 282 Ransom, Eddy . 294 Ratcliff, Wm. F. . 4(19, 410,411 Raushkolb, George. . 634 Rayhill, Charles Edward 55S Raymond. Mary Alice . 228 Reader Motor Company 624 Reagel, Mrs. Anna Virgin . 284 Rector, John 473 Reeb, Conrad . 566 Riebold, Benjamin 624 Reinhardt, Charles . 595 Reinhardt, Florence . 3S;3 Reinhardt, Fred W. . 374 Reinhardt, Mrs. Gertrude G. 370 Reiss, William R. . Remick,Z.T. . 223 Renner, Fred A. (M. D.) . . 597 Rentchler, Mrs. Henry 507 Reuss, Adolphus . 470 Reuss, Caroline. 364 Reuss, Ferdinand L. . 604 Reuss, Theodore E. . 602 Reuss, Henry, Jr. . . 633 Reynolds, Annie C. 282 Rey-nolds, Hubert W. . . 281 Reynolds, John . 476 Rhodes, Mrs. Mamie T. . . 357 Rickey, Branch . 430 RigcHosea . 451 RiGGiN, James H. . . 160 Riggi.n, Dr. Wm. B. . 161 Riley, Samuel B. . . 186 Rinaker, Gen. John I. . 161 Ripley, George B. . . 625 Ritcher, Mrs. Bertha J. 367 Ritcher, Mrs. J. Jepson . 355 Ritcher, Mrs. Mae H.. 382 Rithman, Mathias . . 620 Robbins, Rev. G. W. . ' 156 Roberts, George L. . . 143 Portrait 303 Roberts, James H. . . 150 Portrait 151 Roberts, Virginia S. . 223 Robertson, Carrie B. . 399 Robertson, Rev. Ressho . . 627 Robinson, Charles W.. 602 Robinson, Cicero L. . 497 Robinson, Eli . 130 Robinson, Nathaniel P. . . 199 Robinson, Wm. M. 214 Rochpll, John . 624 Rock River Conference organized 95 Rockwell, Esther Viola . . 318 Rockwell, Joseph D. . 325 Rockwell. Larken A. . 325 Rode, Dr. Ralph B. 627 ROEDIGER, E. C. . 562 Rogers, Frank B. 623 Rogers, How ard . 632 Rogers, Rev. 5. A. D. . 368 Roken, F.« thpr J. a. RoosE. Mrs. Elizabeth M. . 282 RoosE, Prof. Franklin F. . . 282 Root, Etta Luella 338 RopiEQUET, Richard W. . . 591 Rose, Dr. Edw. d S. 626 ROUNTREE, A. H.H. . 162 RowEN, James J.. RoYSE, Rev. Chas. S. RucKER, Val. C. Runkwitz, Erwin H. Runkwitz, Mrs. Caroline R. Ruth, Mrs. Augusta K. . Ruth, R. R. Ruth, Samuel D Rutherford, Larkin Sabine, Paul E. . Sabine, Ralph S. S. A. T. C. Sargent, Ella Lovell Sadorf. Frank . Sager, Mrs. Addie Moore Sager, Mrs. Elsie B. Sayre, E. R. 6? C. E. Scarritt, Rev. J. A. Scarritt, Dr. Nathan Scott Field Scott, Ben G. Scott, William . Scott, William ScHAEFER, Judge M. W. Schaeffer, Richard SCHAFER, L. A. . SCHAUBERT, LoUIS SCHAUMLEFFEL, W. B. . Scheid, Louis. ScHiEBEL, Henry . Schlesinger, Henry J. ScHMALE, Clara O. ScHMALE, Florence . Schmalenberger, Edward W SCHMELZEL, EdWARD F. . Schmidt, H. G. ScHOBERT, George School Law, preamble to first SCHOOL.S — Belleville . County Superintendents of Early St. Clair County East St. Louis. Growth of Lebanon Lenzburg . Marissa Mascoutah Number in St. Clair County Schubert, Arthur Schubert, Robert . ScHULZE, Susie ScHUTz. Rev. William ScHWARZ Bros. Furniture Co. ScHWARZ, George N. Schuwerk, Judge William M. Schwartz, Henry W. Schwartz. William. ScHWARZ, Leonard E. ScHWARZ, Matt K. ScHWARz, Henry Scott, Joseph Scripps, John Locke . Sears, Rev. Hiram Sears, Willard P. . Seibert, Arthur Seiter, Henry Seiter, Mrs. Estella S. Semmelroth, Herman Seniors Sensel, Adam Sexton, Henry D. Sharps, Rev. Arthur P. Sharpe, Mabel Alice Shepard, John A. . Shepard, McPhcrson 243 201 344 364 ; 46 367 4,54 369 . 380 197, 405 . 250 552 . 253 378 619, 620 322, 378 . 143 490 . 371 506 . 451 247 . 605 568 617, 618 579 . 621 504 . 597 516 512 518 515 497 527 527 526 517 597 559 389 613 635 14,319 360 . 595 Shepard, Olive B. Shepard, Cornelia E. Shepard, N. J. . Shepard, Sarah A. . Sherman, Hon. Lawrence Shiloh . Shiloh Church Shipp, Da id W. Shook Family Short Brothers Short, Hezekiah M. Short, Rev. Wm.F.. Shuman, Charles Shumard, Charles D. Sieckmann, Henry L. . Siegel, Christopher . Sigma Zeta Sikking, Robert W.. Silliman, Oscar R. Simmons, Rev. Albert N. Simpson, Bishop . Sipfle, William F. . Skaggs, Mrs. Nellie D. Skillman, Parker Shaw Slade, Samuel Slieper, Edward H. . Small, Chas. E. . Smith, George W. . Smith, Hon. George W. Smith. Rev. E. O. . Smiley, Ernest H. Smith, Orpheus W. . Smith, Rev. S. S.. Snodgrass, Mrs. Gertrude B. Snyder, Frederick A. . Snyder, Judge William H.. Societies, Literary Sonnet by Gladys Parker . Sophomores Spanish War, McKendreans Sparks, Samuel P. Sparks, Hon. Wm. A. J. Spencer, Calvin A. Spencer, Claud ius B. Spies, Anna Frances Spies, Charles Spies, Florence . Spies, Frederick Spies, Jacob A. . Spies, Vera Estella . Spies, William C. Spitznass, Herman E., Jr Spivey, Allen T. . Spivey Building, East St. Louis Sprague, Villa M. Springer, Thomas O. Springer, William McK. St. Clair, Gen. Arthur . St. Clair Co. under British Ri Staats, Ethan F. Staff of McKendrean. Stallings, Thomas C. Starbird, Charles Nelson Statement of Bills of Tuition, Stearns, Wallace B. . Steele, Marguerite. Steele, Robert, portrait Steele, Dr. William J. Steidel, Alfred J. Stevenson, Albert . Stevenson, Newton N. Steward, Wm. H. . Stickel, Lieut. Isaiah Stippey, Mabel Stines, W. W. . Stoffel, Frank J. Stoker, Dr. E. L. Stoker. Junor Wm. PAGE 269 . 232 212 . 232 2 83 . 506 95, 507 . 609 451 . 452 232 . 173 224 . 611 504 . 634 56 284 105 ,616 379 332 296 630 232 302 207 391 504 332 333 . 543 532 . 494 398 . 154 307 446, 485 442 . 294 49 . 369 160 MILE 122 422 338 327 334 633 384 611,612 . 618 Six Hundred drid Forty-Two MC KENDREE INDEX- Continued Stoker, Dr. William A. Stoltz R. C. Stowell, Chas. J, Stonecipher, Mrs. Amy B. Stralev, Edwin E. Streck. John W. . Stroud, Mrs. Frank Student Association Students listed in first cat; Subscribers to original fun SuLLiNS, Van B. summerfield . Summerpeldt, John F. . Sunderland, James Warren SuRGUY, Ella SwAHLEN, Dr. Percy H. Portrait SwAHLEN, William Fletcher SwARTZ, Joel Talbot, Henry C. Tam, Joseph Harris Tam, Joseph H., portrait Taylor, Frank G, Taylor, Re . John A. Taylor, Kathleen Taylor, Mrs. Mary Lindly Tecklenburg, Hon. Fred J. Telford, Erastus D. Templeton, Rev. W. C. Tetherington, John Thatcher, Perry W. Thatcher, Richard Thatcher, Virginia S. Thero, Rev. Samuel Thrall, Edith Flint Thrall, Prof. W.F. TH1LM.AN, Charles Thomas, George M. Thom.as, Mrs. Hattie Sargea Thomas, James H. Thomas, John R. Thomas, Samuel K. Thomas, Walter W. Thomas, William Kinney Thompson, Alonzo Thompson, George H. . Portrait . Thompson, Samuel H., sketch Thompson, William O. Thrall, Rev. C. H. Thr.all, Mrs. Carrie J, . Thrall, Edith S. Thrall, Mrs. Gertrude G. Thr.all, Rev. H. S Thrall. Rev. L. W. Thrall,Rev. V. W. , Thrall, Wm. F. Thurston, Holliday F. TiLEY, John E. Tiedeman, Charles E. . TiEDEMAN, George W. Tiedeman Milling Co. TissiER, Louis F. TissiER, Maurice F. Tomlin, Jeremiah T. Topping, Ebenezer H. Traband, Henry, Jr. Transition to American Ruli Treble Clef Club . Trotter, Re ' . Wm. D. R, Trautman, R. F. . Trautman, Hon. W. E. Tribble, James F. Trippel, Dr. E. Tritt, Carl 38t) 504 634 228 123, 124 SoC) Truitt, IamfsM Turkey Hill Tucker, Jas. F. Turner, Don Turner, Mamie E. TuTTLE, Thomas H. V Van Cleve, Gilbert H. Van Cleve, John . Van Cleve, Joseph Willia Van Cleve, Rev. Jos. W. Van Treese. Rev. Francis Van Winkle, Ale. ander Veranda Hotel, Vernor, Daniel Z. . Vernon, Myrtle I. ViCKREY, Dr. a. C. ViEN, Alexander ViLLARS, Pres. Isaiah, port Virgin, Anna M. Virgin, Elizabeth Jane 3311 VoELKER, George C. ? Wai 364 Vogt. Henry G. . 367 226 . 273 w . 193, 254 . 224 Waeltz, Louis H, . 615,616 Waeltz, Peter, Family of 316 Waggoner. E. B. 3114 W.aggoner, Prof, E. B. Waggoner. Mrs. Ella L S. 628 Waggoner, Re -. Elmer E. 243 Waggoner, Dr. E. L. 212 Wahl, David S. 361 Wallar, Rev. James L. 150 Wallis, Edward . 634 Wallis, Robert 308 Wallis, William 168, 306 Walker, Prof. Henry D 565 Walker, Jesse, sketch .167 Walton, F. A. (HI Walton. Prof. William C. 2!U Wangelin, George F. 380 Wangelin, Herman G. 369 Ward, William E. 357 Warde, Prof. Andrew D, 372 Watkins, Rev.Thom.asC. 384 Watkins, William C. 225 Watson, Judge Albert 36H Watson, Dr. Walter . 374 Watts, Faith 6U), 620 Watts, Jennie O. 504 Watts, Maud Anna 506 Weathersbee, Wilson . 505, 506 Weaver, Martha C. 506 Webb. Albert . . 550 Wefs, Emanuel 345 Webb, Jean F., Sr. lliS Wfbf., Jean F., Jr. 184 Webfr, Mrs. Albin F. 614 Weber. Arthur S. 445 Weber, Emil J. 5S Webster, Rev. John W. 127 Weeden, Rev. John 628 Weeden, Thom.as Coke 356 Weer, William . 292 Weer, Marsh. ll W. .504 Wfntworth, Pres. Erastus 5S3 West, Rev. Fletcher L. Westcott, Wm. B. West, Major Wheeler, Rf . A. J. 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