Madera Union High School - Blue and White Yearbook (Madera, CA)

Text from Pages 1 - 36 of the 1898 volume:

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Manasse Block, Madera, Cal. Hotel. SO ce ae} eee Depot, SVosemite Hotel — The Leading Com- mercial and Family C. M. PECKINPAH Keeps on hand Rustic, : Flooring Ceiling, Finishing And Coan Building Lumber . AT HIS Lumber Yard, itea‘ca.” TELEPHONE RED 15. The Largest and Most Complete Line of . Groceries, Crockery, Glassware, Tinware, Stationery, Paints, Oils, Varnishes IN MADERA IS. AT Moore Petty’s «_ Prices Always the Lowest. |, ina i tl sis hah el ali Beat alah Lit ae wins «ial i a ak a i 5 ih i tt High School Annual. ViOlea IT: MADERA, CAL., JUNE 20, 1808. NO. I. Poem. aS When Time's restless wings, in the cowrse of things, Shall have left our youth behind ws, Having completed then owr three score and ten, On this mundane sphere assigned us, In the reflective stage of peaceful age, Some trifle will remind ws Of the careless ways of high school days, And the congenial ties that bind us. Well recall the store of mythical lore, The Latin texts that confownd ws, Our eager swésestions on scientific qwes- tions, And how new theories astound us; Some praise well earned, or a neglected pace wnlearned, : And the plight in which it found Ws; With an aged sigh we'll see tn our mind’s eye The things that now suwrrownd us. Well picture Sierra’s peaks in the clouds, Wrapped in the folds of their still white shrouds, The vast and fertile plain arownd ws, The distant buzz of the old planing mill, And the blast of its noon-day whistle shrill, That from our tasks wnrbound us. Memory, happily, is not always just true, The eye looks pleasantly on the retro- spective view ,— Our life’s hard lines, and frequent rowgh places, Time’s brush towches softly, and gently effaces ; But Memory’s vocation is a late consola- tion, providentially left ws, When Time’s measured length, of youth and strength has bereft us. So well take the hard lines, along with the pleasant, And the rowgh places along with the snvooth, We'll live our lives in the living present, And leave gentle memory, our old age to soothe. —Ernestine Cowghran. June brd, 1598. Why We Have a High School. ar “The world turns aside for the man who knows whither he is going.’’ The High School is an important link in an education which will have for its result the knowledge of “whither are we going?”’ On the ladder of learning there are three landings—the Grammar School, the High School and the University, of which the High School is the connecting link. With some it may be the last link in their education, but even these should strive just as earnestly for the laurels of good scholarship as those who expect to enter the University. Remember, whatever you are, you must have made your- self, and a well spent school life is one of the greatest helps to all good things. Learning’s ladder must be climbed round by round. Every lesson must be learned and every day’s tasks accomplished as they present themselves. ‘Thus, beside the book lore which we attain, we learn to be systematic and de- cided. We receive mental training which is of great use to us in whatever station of life we may be. ‘This is the training needed and re- quired to enter the University. If you do not have it you will always feel the necessity of it. Some may say, ‘‘why can we not study at home and receive the training there?’ You may receive it in a measure, but not in the ful- HiG ki SS CHoOor ANNUAL. ness of the High School. You will be alone; you will not have the companionship of your fellow students. There are the best young people of our land in our High Schools, and these help mold the characters of one another. At home, you will not have the laboratories in which to test statements made by scientists, and where you may ascertain for yourself the knowledge of certain truths. You will not have access to the library, and consequently will not have a chance to read the views taken by great men of allages. ‘The companionship of your fellow-students, the laboratories, and libraries, all form more than half of your education. David Starr Jordan says that, ‘‘each of us owes much to the college, its libraries, its lab- oratories, its professors, but something of the power of each, as teacher or as student, has been given by each to the others.”’ ‘The educated man has the courage of his convictions,’’ and is able to stand by those con- victions. He does not join a party or a church just because his father and mother belonged to it, but he sees things as they really are, and helps others to see them thus. Again we quote Mr. Jordan: “I said just now that you cannot put a $2000 education on a $50 boy. This has been tried again and again. Itis tried in every college. It fails almost every time. What of it? It does not hurt to try. A few hundred dollars is not much to spend on such an experiment. But what shall we say of a man who puts a $ .50 education on a $20,000 boy, and narrows and cramps him throughout his after life? And just this is what ten thousand parents in Cali- fornia to-day are doing for their sons and daughters. ‘Twenty years hence, ten thousand men and women will blame them for their shortness of sight and narrowness of judgment in weighing a few paltry dollars, soon earned, soon lost, against the power which comes from mental training.’’ ‘‘For a man to have died, who might have been wise and was not, this,’’ says Carlyle, “this I call a tragedy.”’ The objection is made by some that educa- tion unfits children for work. ‘This is a mis- take. Education is not a scheme to enable men to live without work, but to enable men to live to advantage—to make every stroke count. Some see no advantage in an education be- yond a grammar school. Many of these with- out requisite training enter the professions. Hence we have such crowds at the bottom of the ladder of every profession. Few there are who are qualified to take high positions. A proper education will make you one of those few. It will give you influence among a class of men whom you could not otherwise reach at all. The more you are educated the more your individuality shines forth. It is strengthened by reading the thoughts and deeds of great men of all ages and climes. Education strengthens us in mind and character. It teaches us to find for ourselves some of the great truths of nature. The educated man is better able to help his fellow man, and, ‘‘know- ing whither he is going,’’ he is able to show others the way. Of him, as of Goldsmith’s ‘ Villiage Preacher,’’ may be said: ‘‘And as a bird each fond endearment tries To tempt its new-fledged offspring to the skies; He tried each art, reproved each dull delay, Allured to brighter worlds, and led the way.”’ IML, JB, “We, OO. ee = Wild and Cultivated Flowers uf Madera County. ae “Springing in valleys, green and low, And on mountains high, And in silent wilderness, Where no man passeth by ; Our outward life requires them not, Then wherefore had they birth ? To minister delight to man, To beautify the earth.’’ There was no particular reason why the earth at the time of Adam should be literally strewn with blossoms. ‘They were of no par- shi og ime of then fed man ant ts ll dey, the wa . Tue if Mat hy the se tery © of 10 Pr to thes | HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. ticular use, there being only one person to enjoy them, but the blossoms gladdened his heart. And as we watch the flowers on the plains of our county flourish, we realize, as did Adam, that a watchful eye cares for them. Like a mother tucking in her babe in the cradle at night, so carefully and silently was the opened earth closed and gently pressed around the little plants. Every leaf seems to have a distinct pattern; each flower has its own shade and shape ; no two are the same; each has a distinct concep- tion. Flowers are the daintiest bits of God’s handiwork. Longfellow has called the flowers ‘The stars of earth’s firmament.’’ (God has written many aud wonderful truths in the stars that shine above us, but not less in the flowers beneath our feet is there a revelation of His love. Flowers grow about us everywhere; some to tell us Spring is here, others, their petals filled with dew, stand like Ruth, amid the corn. California has been said to be the paradise of wild flowers, though poets have not yet written of blossoms of this new land as they have of the primroses and daisies of the old world. From March to May the valley and foot- hills of our county are gay with wild blossoms. In the higher regions the flowers come later, after the snows have gone. The wild flowers of California and espe- cially of the San Joaquin Valley, seem to de- light in massing themselves in great patches of color, especially in yellow and purple, so that in flower time, the country looks like a great crazy quilt. There is not one place in the State where lilies are not found. The daintiest lily in our county is the Mari- posa, sometimes called the butterfly tulip. “Tike a bubble borne in air, Floats the shy Mariposa bell.”’ This flower is found in purple white or pale gold. The base of each of three petals is marked in soft shaded colorings or velvety spots and stripes, being guides in these as in other flowers to show insect visitors the way to the flowers’ nectar stores. The joy and pride of every Californian is the brilliant flame-colored poppy, the chosen State flower. Botanists call it Eschscholtzia, but many of the early Spaniards gave it a much more heautiful name of Capo-de-Oro or Cup of Gold. ‘ Thy satin vesture richer is than looms Of Orient weave for raiment of her kings; Not dyes of olden Tyre, not precious things Regathered from her long forgotten tombs Of buried empires, not iris plumes That wave upon the tropics myriad wings, Not all proud Sheba’s queenly offerings Could catch the golden marvel of thy blooms. For thou art nurtured from the treasury stores Of this fair land, thy golden rootlets sup Her sands of gold—of gold thy petals spun ; Her golden glory, thou! on hills and plains, Lifting, exultant, every kingly cup, Brimmed with golden vintage of the sun.’’ The abundance and brilliancy of the poppy in early days was so great that fields of these gorgeous flowers seen on mountain-sides by passing ships gave to certain regions the name of ‘‘Land of Fire.’’ The pretty little cream-cups belong to the poppy family as do many other species with long golden threads of stamens in their satiny cups. To the great family of sunflowers belong the marigolds, daisies and the beautiful chrysanthemums of our gardens and you can always know any member by the many flowers packed closely together on one head. The mustard, the tramp of the plains, belongs to the domestic family of which the cabbage, turnip and radish are members. It is now found in both city and country, crowd- ing out more worthy plants. It has some old- fashioned relations also in the wallflower and candy-tuft of our gardens. We have noticed that each blossom has four petals spreading out somewhat in the form of a cross. Of all the flowering plants the rose family } Ao eT 4 HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. is best known and best loved both for its beauty and usefulness. It is represented in our foothill streams by a pink wild rose which often hangs on vines that reach to the top of tall trees. It is strange for us to think most of our fruits and berries are sisters of the lovely rose, and stranger still to think that all the many tinted sweet roses of our gardens have come from simple blossoms like our wild rose; cul- tivation having changed the stamens of the wild blossoms into the many petals of the garden beauty. Beautiful indeed are all our blossoms— whether of home gardens or wild fields. Let not a single one of us be any of those “who trample a flower to dust without think- ing that they have one of the sweetest thoughts of God under their feet.”’ “Thanks to the human heart by which we live, Thanks to its tenderness, its joys, and fears To me the meanest flower that blows cau give; Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears.”’ ING DOO: Shakespeare Applied. ae “Some to the wars to try their fortune there; Some to discover islands far away; Some to the studious universities.”’ “T know by you Iam a sweet faced youth.’’ —Frank Cook. “ere’s flowers for you; you are very wel- come.’’—Mayme Saunders. “O, wise young judge!’’—La Roy Kendall. “For thou art pleasant, gamesome, passing courteous.’’—Kate Bailey. ‘Who is here so base that would not be a volunteer ?’’—Dow Ransom. “Who is here so vile that does not love his country ?’’—Philip Carey. “Is she not passing fair?’’—Louise Mordecai. “JT perceive you delight not in music.””— Will Clark. ‘‘When shall we three meet again ? Parting is such sweet sorrow.”’ -—The Seniors. “T think the boy hath grace in him; he blushes’’—Craig Cunningham. “We will talk no more of this matter.” “Remember the Maine.” = The ‘Neath the waves of the rolling waters, Where the reefs of coral are built, Lie the sons of American veterans, For their country their life blood was spilt, IM, As they sailed away from their cowntry, This ‘land of the free and the brave,” No knowledge had they of their danger, No thought had they of the grave. EEE All calmly at anchor they rested, Asthe moonbeams gave light o'er the bay; Ere midnight in God’s roll they were listed, Awaiting the judgment day. LV. Like a death knell the news was cabled, It reached every home in our land; Immediately brave hearts responded, And swore by their comrades they’d stand. VY. At once grave minds began pondering, They settled the crime wpon Spain, And now all America’s ringing With the cry, “Remember the Maine!” VI. The nation is now up and doing, Avenging the wrongs we received. Her armies and navies are moving O’er the eastern and western seas. WAT Already in the far East Indies Our boys are in brilliant array. We've heard of their brave deeds of valor— Of Dewey's most glorious day. WALI, Before many swns have passed o'er us, In the Indies both east and west, We'll show to the treacherows Spaniards That of all nations ours is the best. Wl, tl, ilo, “OY 1 HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. 5 High School Annual ——_— PUB LS ELE D) Baas The Madera High School. Cora Kessler Alice Stockton Philip Carey Dow Ransome Editor, - - - = Assistant Editor, - - Business Manager - cS Assistant Manager, - PRICE, 5 CENTS. MADERA, CAL, JUNE 20 , 1808. Upon the issue of a new publication it is usual to mention that ‘‘this paper is issued to fill a longfelt-want;’’ in the presentinstance, how- ever, we were possessed by an idea—strange to relate-—that if we bent our energies, earnestly and courageously, upon the object to publish a paper for the first time in our High School annals, we might succeed in presenting to an intelligent public an edition worthy of its no- tice, and interesting to such a degree as to elicit this appreciation of our effort. In this lit- tle volume we thought it best to give an idea of our High School work, methods and course of study; a few timely articles on subjects of interest. Some space is given to the resources of our own county, such as perhaps few per- sons have given any consideration, together with some incidents which occur in the happi- est days of every youth and maid. Interest- ing articles were also obtained from several of the Alumni. The editors and business managers wish to express their sincere thanks for the hearty re- sponses, and generous co-operation granted to almost all requests made. The new undertak- ing was no light experience, but we did the best we could, and to our successors, we would if possible gladly bequeath the benefits of our anxious toil; but, as it is, we wish them the best of success in the next edition of the AN- NUAL. SS TE pleasant month of June will witness probably two great events—the close of the war and the graduation of the Seniors. ‘The meek and merry Middlers have already assumed a more serious air, such as befits the Seniors of next year, and the Juniors are assuming more importance because they will soon be in the Middle class. ‘‘So goes the round around.”’ The joys and tribulations of the Seniors are all over; no more will they beg for examinations; never again will they long for the sight of another professor; no more delightful uncer- tainty of life in the laboratories. And they know that any visitor in the future, stepping there with face toward the sun, will stop seldom to pluck sunflowers, or ask their names. Alas, how soon all graduates sink into innocuous desuetude! But should anyone hereafter in- quire about them, he may see their names scattered occasionally through the pages of this short and simple annual of our school. And thus, farewell; a long farewell to all their greatness. oo Our Debating Society. ar aver since the High School opened it has been customary for the pupils to annually organize a debating society and maintain it through the school term. So the present pupils decided to continue the custom that they might profit as those before them have done. Accord- ingly the society was organized at the beginning of the present year. The first step that was taken in organizing the society was to adopt a suitable constitution, which was drafted by three members of the society. It was styled the Madera High School Debating Society. The objects of the society are many, but those from which the greatest benefits are derived are: To become better acquainted with parliamentary law; to acquire a readiness to express our ideas; to have a strict control of self by abiding by the decisions based on parliamentary law, and to lose that embarrass- ment which attends amateur speakers. Only a few rules and provisions for the government of the society were put in the constitution as it EIGEH SCHOOL ANNUAL. was decided to adopt the work of some stand- ard atithor on parliamentary ruling, thus avoiding the necessity of a lengthy constitu- tion. ‘The work that was adopted was ‘‘Rob- erts’ Rules of Order.’’ ‘The officers, who con- sist of a president, vice president, secretary, sergeant-at-arms, and critic, areelected at the beginning of each school month. ‘The reason for the frequency of elections is that each mem- ber may become proficient in discharging the duties of the different offices. Regular sessions are held every Friday af- ternoon. Asa rule, during the regular ses- sions, debates are participated in by six mem- bers of the society. The questions debated are generally of a historical or political nature, in- cluding also current events of the day. Among the best of the subjects debated dur- ing the term were the following: ‘‘Resolved, That England has a better government than the United States,’’ ‘‘Resolved, ‘That the United States should maintain a large standing army’’ and ‘‘Resolved, That it is detrimental to character to be subjected to temptation.” The questions necessitated diligent research and the clever handling of them by the debaters showed that much knowledge can thus be gained, On several occasions the program is changed and instead of a debate the exercises are of a different nature. Short talks are given by the members on any subject that he may choose, essays are read or current events are discussed, and addresses have frequently been delivered by the county officials and other prominent citizens in Madera, among whom may be men- tioned District Attorney W. H. Larew, Rev. Mr. McElwee, Mrs. W. A. Finley, Prof. Huston, Mrs. Dr. Butin and Superintendent of Schools W. A. Finley. ‘The talks of these persons were interesting and instructive and greatly enjoyed by the society. In passing out of the school the pupils will look back to the time spent in the society as the most interesting and instructive portion of their school work, and it will be said by none that it was a waste of time, but instead that it would have been impossible to have derived the same benefits had the time been spent in the regular school work, and the experience gained may be of service in politics or in organizing for any purpose whatever, and since the United States is a republic and a government by the people (in theory at least) concerted action can only be accomplished through organization, and to become efficient in such one must be educated from his youth, and this education depends largely upon the training received in school. CAR 99. —ogao—— The New Jail. ae Madera county is putting her good resolu- tion into effect and what was once the proposed new jail will soon be one in reality. After a careful study of the question the citizens have decided that the cost of a new jail would be cheaper for the tax payers than the renting of buildings for county officers. The interest paid on the bonds together with the annual amount paid on the princi- pal will raise the rate of taxation but very little as the money now paid for rent will be used for this purpose. Mr. B. G. McDougall of Bakersfield is the architect and Mr. C. J. Lindgren also of Bak- ersfield is the builder. While the contract al- lows them until November 1st to complete the work, they expect to have the jail ready for work two months earlier. The plans of Mc- Dougall Bros. have also been accepted for Madera’s new school house. The size of the building will be forty by sixty feet and will contain nine cells. There will be three cells constructed of chrome steel and two open cells of hearth bessemer, the remain- ing four will be granite and lined well with steel. The main part of the building will be two stories and the other part one. In the second st ory will be the insane ward, PEL TEREST LN ETE TE OTE ieee give Us every I i) ably which Who KO HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. the hospital ward and the witness room. The steel cells are to be constructed different from others of this kind. These instead of being what are called latticed cells will be made of punched steel. The material used for roofing will be slate for the offices and corrugated steel for the jail proper. The brick, which are made at home, have been pronounced to be of the best quality by the contractors, and the nearness of the Ray- mand granite quarries, from which this ma- terial is secured, enables the contractors to give us one of the best structures of the kind for the cost of any in the State. The jail of Kings county was built at a cost of $10,865 in 1896 or twenty-five dollars more than ours and much the same material was used, but the nearness of our quarries will give us for less money a jail which will in every way equal if it is not superior to theirs. The size of our grounds will be consider- ably larger than those of Kings County, which will give us a fine park. The question of erecting a new court house has not yet been decided but will probably come up at the next general election in No- vember. Personals. ee Who is it that thinks G- brown eyes? has the pretty We hope Nelly will not have any wild run- aways this summer. A popular air since the boys enlisted has been ‘’I’he Girl I Left Behind Me.’’ Miss Belle Rivas will return to her home in the mountains at the close of school. We hope Leo will not be haunted by the “unlucky ghost’’ of Dido this summer. We wonder how Martha and Lorena, the inseparables, will survive the summer without seeing each other daily. The favorite of all ‘‘modest slang’? among the High School pupils the past few months has been, ‘‘Great Ceesar.’’ Agnes, with her camera, has adopted the plan of the French gallantry by saying: ‘‘It is not necessary to ask madam to look pleas- ant ; she could not do otherwise.’’ History of Madera High School. eae Four years ago this spring in taking the school census of Madera, Mrs. S. T. Cook took the initiative step toward the formation of a District High School in Madera. In accordance with the school law concern- ing the formation of District High Schools, a petition was circulated and signed by a majority of the heads of families in Madera asking for the establishment and maintenance of a District High School. The petition was next given to the Board of ‘Trustees, who requested the Superintendent of Schools to call an election for the purpose of determining the question. Accordingly Mr. Hawkins called for an election which was held in June ’o4. The returns of this election decided in favor of the High School. The Board of Trustees, Mr. Watkins, Mr. Worthington and Mr. Greive became the Board of Directors of the newly formed institution of learning. A room in the West Side School House was fitted up as a class room, and Miss Anne M. Nicholson was appointed teacher. Sept. 17, ’94, the Madera High School opened with the following in attendance: Erna Coughran, Irene Slaten, Lois Worthing- ton, Inez Mace, Olive Breyfogle, George Mordecai, Maggie O’Mara, Merle Rush, and Jean Worthington. Before the first week closed there entered: Jessie Smith, Lois Wil- son, Annie Mullery, Birdie, Young, James O’Mara and John Williams, and during the erm George Nicholson joined the class. The following course of study was adopted: Junior Year—First Half—English, Algebra, HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL: Physical Geography, Ancient History, Latin. Second Half—English, Algebra, Physics, Greek and Roman History, Latin. Middle Year—First half—English, Plane Geometry, Botany, Medizeval History, Latin. Second Half—English, Plane Geometry, Zoology, Modern History, Latin. Senior) Vear—First Half—English, Solid Geometry, Chemistry, Political Economy, Latin. Second Half—English, Solid Geom- etry, Astronomy, Civil Government, Latin. During the years that have elapsed some variations in the course of study have been made. ‘The work in science has been ma- terially changed. Zoology, Astronomy and Geology were dropped from the course, while the time for Botany, Physics and Chemistry was lengthened to a year’s work. In the second term,: commencing Sept. ro, ’95, there entered: Cora. Kessler, Sophia Wolters, Leo Woodson, Alberta Smith, George Wells, Alice Stockton, Walter Wells, Maggie McNally, Will Clark, and Will Stahl took some special work in Latin. During ’95 and ’96 the library was started and since that time the number of books in this department has been increasing. During its new term opening Sept. 14, ’96, Mr. W. L. Williams, principal of Grammar Grades, assisted in High School work. He took charge of the History Department. There entered as Juniors Craig Cunning- ham, Louise Mordecai, Nellie Dwyer, La Roy Kendall, Fannie Gooden, Grace Breslin and Mayme Saunders. G. W. Giles attended for several months. Attention during this term was directed toward the establishment of a chemical laboratory. Also apparatus was purchased for the Physics Department. The High School now having been in opera- tion for three years, the first Senior grade of Madera High School received their diplomas. George Mordecai, Irene Slaten, George Nich- olson, Maggie O’Mara, Merle Rush, Lois Wilson and James O’Mara were the fortunate ones. : At the beginning of the year ’97-98, the Board of ‘Trustees, consisting now of Messrs. J. W. Watkins, D. F. Edwards and J. R. Barnett, selected as teacher of History, Civil Government and Mathematics, Mr. E. R. Zion of Stanford. ‘The addition of a teacher gave opportunity for much more satisfactory work in all branches. The year of ’97-’98 welcomed in as Juniors Dow Ransome, Martha Ritter, Frank Cook, Genevieve Nicholson, Agnes Brown, Philip Carey, Martha Slover, Lorena Kendall, Belle Rivas, Mary Trincano, May Searles and Katie Bailey. For several month Essie Rosenthal and Maude Currans took special work. The improvement to the High School dur- ing this year is in the Physical Laboratory. Considering the fact that this department is so new there is considerable apparatus. The year ’98 finds another class of Seniors ready to launch upon life’s great sea, though there are but three to receive the parchments this year, it is whispered that they “make up in quality what they lack in quantity.’’ That our High School may prosper in the future is the earnest wish of the pupils, past and present. MAYME SAUNDERS. Chemistry and Physics. ar “The object of primary education should be to discipline the senses to habits of quick and accurate observation, and the mind to the habit of forming correct judgments from facts which the senses reveal,’’ says Cooley. And how can this be done better than by work in the laboratory? As someone says, ‘‘Read nature in the language of experiment.”’ Educators all over our land are beginning to realize that this is the best method of teach- ing and the scholar hails with joy the time spent in the laboratory. He enjoys it because, instead of learning rules and laws from the dry pages of a text book, he is set to work to discover facts for himself. And when he has poss upon tral relat HIG ss C HOO ANNUAL. found something to be true he is more ready to believe it than he would be if he had to take someone’s word for it. In the chemical laboratory many interesting facts are brought to light by the student. Many things, e. g., pouring gas from oue bottle to another, weighing gas, or burning steel, which, at first thought, seem almost im- possible, are done, and thus indelibly impressed upon the mind of the learner. The mind is trained to note carefully every little thing in relation to an experiment, and the student, being required to write down everything he has observed, and from these facts to draw his own conclusions, is trained in the habit of thinking and in the power of observation. Thus, though his conclusions are sometimes wrong, they are much more valuable to him than a whole book full of facts simply com- mitted to memory. Although our laboratory is a converted cloak room, with very few of the conveniences of a good laboratory, still, under the guidance of our esteemed teacher, Miss Nicholson, we have spent many profitable hours in it. We are tolerably well supplied with chemicals and apparatis. Tn relation to the laboratory, R. P. Williams says: ‘‘T'o theaverage young person chemistry is the most fascinating of sciences. Its exper- iments teem with newness, odorous gases, colored liquids, and precipitates stimulate the powers of observation, and explosions fill his mind with wonder.’’ Although this newness seems very fascinating to the Juniors, and the work seems, to them, to be easy, yet we have had many hard lessons during the year. Exper- imenting does not take the place of studying, but is used to aid us in understanding our work. We will now turn our attention to Physics for a short time. ‘Tt is wholly beyond question that to him who desires to become a physicist practical laboratory work is absolutely essential. Thor- ough knowledge must be drunk in by the eyes and the ears, and absorbed by the finger-tips,’’ says Daniell, Chemistry deals with the elements and the different compounds and mixtures which they make. It hunts up the different elements of which rocks, earth, air, etc., are composed; while physics deals with matter and energy and the relation of the one to the other. Physics in its broadest sense takes in Biology, Chemistry, Chemical and Physiological Phys- ics. Physics is continually growing in import- ance asa study. It formerly was, and is yet to a certain extent, possible for a student to receive the degree M. D. without having any adequate knowledge of physics. But times are changing, and it will probably soon be impossible for a person to receive that title until he has a good knowledge of natural philosophy. During the past year Mr. Zion has been our instructor in this branch of our work and, as a class, we can say that the time spent in the Physical Laboratory, as well as that spent in the Chemical Laboratory, has been pleasant and profitable. We are glad that we live in a time when these advantages are given to students, and we intend to make the most of our opportunities. We Me Co O@e Our English Course. ar The course in English prescribed by the University of California, is arranged for High Schools having a four years’ course. While there is just enough work to be mastered in that time, it is entirely too much for a three years’ course as our school has. In order to finish, the work must be rushed over, and in this way the purpose of some selections is en- tirely lost. Neither beauty of style nor depth of thought can be fully appreciated without time for discussion of these points in class. Under these circumstances we can never learn to criticise, properly, authors whose works we read. Great authors are open to criticism as well as insignificant writers, and we are entitled to our opinion of them as well as other critics. To criticise does not necessarily mean to find 3 —_— Es 10 HIGH SCHgolL ANNUAL. fault, as scholars are apt to think, but to praise also; then weigh good and bad care- fully, and the result will be your own opinion. Even if the decision is wrong it has benefited you to form it. Each study in the course, whether it be poetry or prose, is selected with some par- ticular object in view, and each is intended to illustrate some peculiarity in style, time, place, subject or prosody, so that when the course has been completed a fair knowledge of the standard authors will have been gained. Rhetoric is studied in connection with read- ing so that we may see the rules applied, and when a composition is required, thoughts can be logically and intelligibly expressed. Grammar is reviewed while studying the con- struction of good works and can be i ntelli- gently applied. Classic myths are also studied, and while a knowledge necessary for intelligent reading is acquired, a respect for classic art is en- gendered, a love for the beauties of nature either cultivated or inspired, and the imagina- tions stimulated. Special attention to composition work is ad- vised by the University, and as much time is given to that branch as is possible in our lim- ited time. Immediately after finishing the study of any selection, one or more compositions are written by each one, and often character sketches are required. c The unity, concord, construction, grammar, mode of expression and thoughts are severely criticised, so each may see his faults, and by repeated trial, endeavor to amend them. The life of each author, whose works we intend to read, is studied. His peculiarities are discussed by the class, so that after they begin to read, his traits can be traced. Enough books are given in the course to il- lustrate the most noted styles of composition but there are more books in the list than are required to be read, so the teacher may choose those that are most suitable for the class. For convenience and to economize time, the Junior and Middle classes were combined this year, and consequently tried to do two years’ work in one. ‘They read the Alhambra, Lady of the Lake, Merchant of Venice, Prisoner of Chillon and Deserted Village and Gayley’s Classic Myths. The Senior class also were compelled to finish more than one year’s work. ‘They read “‘Comus,’’ Burke’s Speech at Bristol, Webster’s Reply to Hayne, Warren Hastings, and Lyle’s From Milton to Tennyson, containing poems by Milton, Dryden, Pope, Thompson, John- son, Gray, Goldsmith, Cowper, Burns, Coler- idge, Byron, Keats, Shelley, Wordsworth, Macauley, Clough, Arnold and Tennyson. L. M. ’g9. Our School Days. ar How gently comes back to us the memory of the few short years that are fled; how like the last lingering ray of the golden sunbeam sadly settles down upon the youthful breast the sorrowful truth that the happiest and brightest of his school days have passed. In after years how fondly will reflect upon our vague and indistinct memories the few little incidents and pleasures of our past school days. O, those glorious school days! Who would rob us of their charms? Who would de- prive us of the sweet memory of the day when we took that blissful vacation all by ourselves without the consent of the teacher, and in the sultry solstice of the summer day took our sleds and skates and went to the San Joaquin river a fishing, and when we returned with no compensation for our journey except one poor old fish that we bought of a peddler, half a quart of blackberries and mosquito bites, a lost fish rod and a bad cold. When we are grown old and wise like those noble professors who come around making ‘Paleontological collections”’ of ‘“Topographi- cal Gazetteers,’’ ‘Sociological ‘I'reatises,’’? and a few other things like that, then we will rub our deeply furrowed brows and think of the Dae Se CAE eee ine irene hele ha ae =a neuory ov ke HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. ila precious moments we spent in listening to those semi-annual professors talk science, and how we used to awaken in agony from our moaning dreams, in the stillness of the lecture and wipe the great beads of perspiration from our troubled brow, as we imagined that we might some day be a circuit professor. Dear schoolmates, do you still retain in your misty memory the recollection of the time when all the boys, having become wearied of the monotony of school life, rashly re- solved to go to war and kill something, and when the time came for enlistment they could not sign their names, had a bad cold and wished themselves home ? How like the thought of a delirious night- mare comes back to us the recollection of the time when we rudely resolved to quit school and break up the whole public school system in America. But we found that school kept, notwithstanding our absence, and we returned as visitor next day only to meet with a cold reception from the teacher. When we are aged and great and are presi- dent or newspaper reporter, how like the the fragrance of the almost forgotten forget- me-not will come back to us the memory of the first day we orated to the debating society and how we stirred our audience’s blood to such a flood of mutiny that we pitied them, and how that great lump of embarrassment rose in our throat choking us until they pitied us. In the illusive and fanciful future how will we seek refuge from the stare of the nation’s eye and thrust away the cares of statesman- ship and give full vent to the thronging thoughts of the fantastic capers we cut in school; and like a long lost mystery we will discover the cold, hard fact that to our school days we owe our destiny. It was there that we learned to concentrate our minds into one great mass of thought, and how to tell a plausible lie. It was there we learned to ex- press our wrathful feelings in good plain Anglo-Saxon. It was there we learned to wield the death dealing pen like a demon, and how to chew gum. Let us support the public school always; it is the place where we at- tained our inexhaustible knowledge and re- ceived our first impulses for better lives. De emecOor Resources of Madera County. ar Among the counties of Central California none can lay claim to a brighter outlook for an early and extensive industrial development than Madera, which embraces a broad extent of fertile valley land, a section of foothills dotted with productive gold mines, and a lib- eral slice of mountainous territory, with all its diversified resources. All that is lacking to make it one of the most productive sections in the State is a suf- ficient supply of water. The irrigation question has been somewhat of a puzzle, the several streams lying too low to admit of turning their waters upon more than a small portion of the tillable soil. One of the. most feasible plans to provide water for the unirrigated portion of the county is the use of wells and centrifugal pumps. ‘These may be operated by electricity, obtained from the North Fork plant, or by petroleum, which is found along the western boundary of the San Joaquin Valley. It has been esti- mated thatirrigation by electric pumps can be accomplished at less than one dollar per acre for the season. ‘This system has been suc- cessfully tried by Tulare fruit growers and there is no reason why it should not be a success in Madera County, as an abundance of cheap power may be easily procured, and the water supply cannot be exhausted by pumping. With this additional supply of water, vineyardist, fruit and grain growers will be greatly benefited as their crops will be increased and made certain, for a drought will be impossible. Besides being a great aid to ranchers this will assist the people in gen- eral, as an increase in the products will neces- sitate the establishment of new factories, 12 HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. which will give employment to our men, women and children during the picking cur- ing, packing and harvesting seasons. Good wine grape vineyards are paying bet- ter now than raisin or table grape, and better than almost any kind of orchard. ‘The grapes of the San Joaquin Valley make better sweet wine, taking a natural port and sherry flavor, than those grown in any other section of America. At present there is a large winery, estab- lished by the Swiss-Italian Colony, which em- ploys a large number of men, and does a thriving business. Olive orchards are also a paying industry, and, although they require from six to seven years’ growth before bearing, the fruit brings a good price when ready for market. The industry of beet raising and sugar manufacturing will be introduced into the county as soon as a necessary amount of water is procured. This will undoubtedly prove a paying industry as California is the most favorable section in the world for the raising of sugar beets, and this section of the State offers superior inducements for the loca- tion of a beet sugar factory, owing to the abundance of cheap power and the competing railroad facilities for transportation. Madera enjoys the advantage ot competition between rival lines of railroad, the Southern Pacific and the San Joaquin Valley. The rates of shipment will be lowered more if the proposed Monterey Railroad is ever built, which is doubted by some,who think it is a money making scheme of capitalists. It will probably pass through Madera because the in- ducements here are superior to those offered by any other town in the surrounding country. The competition of the rival railroads will be a great advantage to the farmers, stock- raisers and wool growers as they can save many hundreds of dollars yearly on their ship- ments. In Madera is located a large, new brick planing mill, also a sash and door and box factory. Lumberis shipped from the mount- ains in a flume sixty miles in length. In 1874, when the flume was built, it tapped one of the finest pineries in the world, but over twenty years of continuous cutting has left it in such shape that it will be nearly a quarter of a century before the-trees will be large enough to be cut again. ; The Michigan Lumber Company has lum- ber interests near those of the Madera Com- pany, and as these are for sale at a compara- tively low price, the Madera Company can con- tinue working if they desire to do so. In the early days of the ’60’s or ’70’s large amounts of gold bullion were shipped from mines of the county. ‘The most famous of these early mines were the Fresno Enterprise, near Potter Ridge, the Josephine and the Gam- betta, at Grub Gulch, the Abbey, near Hildreth, and the Lily, near O’Neals. In looking over the county quite a number of promising pros- pects are found, which apparently require a reasonable amount of money and a practical knowledge of mining to place them on a pay- ing basis. This county, although possessing a number of gold mines of undoubted value, has been retar ded in the development of its mining in- terests by reason of ill-advised investments or insufficient capital to make necessary develop- ment, or to furnish the proper equipment of machinery. The greatest mining industry at present is granite quarrying at Raymond. ‘This great quarry, The Raymond, owned by the Ray- mond Granite Company, has been actively worked for a number of years, giving employ- ment toa large number of men at the quar- ries, and at the company’s yard in San Fran- cisco, where most of the finer stone dressing is done. A portion of the new jail now being erected is made of granite taken from this quarry. After an interval of four years no considerable impression seems to have been made on this immense dome-shaped granite hill. Any noticeable change has been for the better, as the quarry improves as it is opened, HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. 13 SS ty both in quality of the stone and in the size of | the blocks which may be obtained. ‘These Mel granite quarries are reputed to be the best in Ito the world. sy White marble suitable for building purposes Ma is found on the Chowchilla river. As yet no quarries have been opened. A copper smelter is soon to be erected at Daulton, fifteen miles 1 hy, from Madera, and will leave a considerable erin, amount of money in the county per annum. Cotta. If the belt of copper mines lying in the ¥ Cauca. lower foothills and extending from Buchanan to Green Mountain were worked they would prove a great benefit to the county. fant organized in Madera. It is to be regretted inte that the business men of the town have not formed such an organization many years ago, as the town would then be in a imore progress- ive state than at present. IME, Wis IPs Se We IRs IME, IK. CO: aes ie a patil Formation of the Constitution of the 0 ap United States. ee On the deck of the Mayflower in 1620, the Puritans signed a paper, written by themselves, in which they stated that they would pass and obey such laws as would be good for the colony as a whole; also that they would fight together 4 one , fas bet mag esmeniot ry derehp pment in case of war. Of course this was not really a written constitution, but it was the first attempt at one since the days of the Romans. Nineteen vears later, the first real written pests ‘This ge the By ih constitution was formed. The Government ef) atte under this constitution is known in history as the Republic of Connecticut. Most of the colonies in America were granted charters from the King of England. Nearly every colony had a legislature which made its laws. Sometimes a law was passed and its validity disputed; in this case it had to be sent ng ea tthe qu ak to England if it was contrary to the charter are granted to the colony. So you see, the people of America were used to having some written charter above them. Now it is plainly seen A Chamber of Commerce has recently been why the United States have a written constitu- tion and other countries have not. From 1640 till the Revolutionary war, it was � the opinion of several prominent men that the thirteen States should be united. The inhabitants were all English-speaking people; there were many tribes. of Indians to contend against, and _ there were the French and Spanish colonies, attacks from which they ought to be able to sustain. The New England States formed a confederacy in 1643 which lasted forty-one years. At this time the government of Massa- chusetts was overthrown by the King. In 1688, the need of a confederacy in the New England States was seen by Penn, but the union was not accomplished until 1754, when the final struggle with France came on. In 1765, nine of the northern States sent delegates to Philadelphia to take some action on the infamous Stamp Act which had been passed by British Parliament. When the Townshend Act was passed in 1768, there was no congress, but Massachusetts sent out circulars asking the other States to take joint action on this. Soon afterwards a system was formed which provided for the selection of committees of correspondence be- tween several of the States. In the year 1774, when the government of Massachusetts was overthrown by England, an assembly met in Philadelphia. If the Brit- ish had complied with the wishes of this body probably all the Revolutionary war would have been avoided. ‘This assembly is known as the Continental Congress, and lasted until 1788. In 1775, a continental army was organized in the name of the United Colonies. Two years later the Articles of Confederation were written and sent to the several States to be ratified. ‘hey were not returned until 1781, having been ratified by the thirteen States. In 1787, the people, dissatisfied with the Articles of Confederation, framed the Federal Constitution—a model of all instruments of its kind—which was unanimously adopted by all 14 HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. the States in 1789, provided a few amendments should be added. So we see that the growth of government in the United States was not sudden but gradual, � every time changing for the better. Coe Wi 98: ee Irrigation. ae The success of agriculture in an arid or a sub-arid region depends largely upon irriga- tion. culture in Madera County has in the past de- pended upon the water which could be ob- tained from the Fresno river, about thirteen or fourteen miles east of town. From this point the canal company has a ditch con- structed. About a mile from town it divides, part carrying water to land south of town, while the other branch conveys water to the west. During the summer and fall of 1897, the canal company increased the size of their ditch and started another to tap several mountain streams. For some reason they failed to secure the mountain water, and Madera people have still to depend upon valley water. The scarcity of rain this year led to an almost total failure of the grain crop, and gave very little Had the company secured a sufficient supply, a great many would have irrigated their grain. People with alfalfa got only a small portion of The success of alfalfa raising and fruit large water to be distributed for irrigation. the water they wished, while some got none at all. If the canal company had sufficient storage capacity at the dam so as to hold the water till needed, usually there would be sufficient for all. As it is, when people do not need the water the ditches are full, and when they need it most, the ditches are nearly empty. ‘These failures to supply water have led to the at- tempt to pump from an underground source. This plan has been tried in ‘Tulare County and found successful. It ought to work just as successfully in Madera County. It is being tried on A. L,. Sayre’s ranch, about three miles south of Madera. ‘The plan is to dig a large hole in the ground with scrapers till surface water is reached. Then a well two and one-half feet in diameter will be sunk until the next strata of water is struck. Inside of this well there will be seven-inch wells, making each one tap a dif- Then by putting on a bored three ferent layer of water. large centrifugal pump it is expected to get all the water necessary to irrigate. Mr. Sayre expects to irrigate all his ranch from this well. If this plan is successful, as everybody hopes it will be, there will be a large number of wells put in on the ranches around town and, in all probability, electricity will be brought from Fresno to furnish power for the pump- ing. These pumping plants are rather expensive, and consequently many cannot afford them. Butin every neighborhood ofsmall ranches there is always somebody who can afford to put in a plant. Let him put in the plant and then sell the water to his neighbors. It would be better still if all these people would combine and put in the works and bear the expenses in propor- tion to the amount of water they consume. Even if they are unable to put in these large affairs, each farmer could have a windmill and pond on his own place and thereby be inde- pendent of any canal company, and still have a large head of water to use even if he has only a small source. If these effect, another dry year comes, the people will not be caught With a water at their disposal no county in the State has a brighter outlook than Madera. We IR HES IK ye). plans are put into when large supply of napping. g Points in International Law. Re It is an impropriety to speak of the rules of international conduct as ‘‘laws.’’ ‘They are merely moral principles recognized by all HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. 15 civilized nations. ‘There is no legal power be- hind them to give them force and complete obedience. They therefore lack the dis- tinguishing quality of law. However, some of these rules are so precise, so certain and so universally accepted that they cannot be dis- tinguished from positive laws, except by the absence of a determinate legislative source. Such rules as ‘‘The rules relating to blockades and the treatment of embassadors’’ are very positive, and no civilized nation would think of violating them. Other rules, such as those relating to ‘What should be Contraband in War’ are very vague aud unsettled. A question of the highest im- portance arises when a portion of an existing State rises in rebellion and claims inde- pendence. It is the duty and the right of every nation, if the rebels have succeeded in establishing a government, to recognize them. Every nation must judge for itself whether the time for recognition has come or not. A too hasty recognition would be a violation of the rules of non-intervention. It is the duty of every nation when it issues a declaration of war to inform all neutral na- tions through its embassadors of such an ac- tion. Unless such a formal notification is made a disinterested government could not be held responsible for any breach of the laws of nations. ‘The neutral nation is to be regarded as the friend of both belligerents and is bound to treat them alike. Neutral States are en- titled to prohibit all belligerent operations in their country, using that phrase in the en- larged sense it bears in international law. They may prevent the passage of fleets or armies through those portions of the sea or land over which their jurisdiction extends. A neutral State must use due diligence to pre- vent the fitting out, within its jurisdiction, of any vessel which it has reasonable grounds to believe is intended to carry on war against either belligerent, and also to prevent either of them from making any of its ports a base of naval operations, or for the purpose of renewal of supplies or the recruitment of men. ‘There- fore it is necessary that hostile nations pur- chase their necessary equipments abroad before the first gun is fired. Some nations have been so cautious as to entirely close their ports to two nations at war. If no such rule is laid down a man-of-war of either nation might enter the port and take such supplies as might save her from distress or _ take aboard sufficient coal to enable her to sail to the nearest port of her country. Prisoners of war must be carefully handled ; only such restraint must be put on them as will prevent their escape. ‘hey must be fed and clothed by the country detaining them. Ifan army should surrender, the newspaper reporters, guides, contractors and messengers with the army or assisting it, may be taken as prisoners of war. All spies must be strictly volunteers and a soldier in uniform could not be executed as a spy serving the enemy, since a spy is necessarily a pers on in disguise, acting under false pretenses. All things which make warfare unnecessarily cruel are regarded as illegal, such as redhot shot, chain shot and hollow shot, and projectiles weighing less than fourteen ounces if filled with inflammable sub- stances. Poison is also prohibited as a weapon of warfare. (Ency. Brit.) (Co (Gey “See Alumni Notes. ae To the Class of ’97. If, Don't you remember the Seniors, my friend, The Seniors who left ws last year, Who sighed with delight when they bade ws farewell, And left behind not a tear? The school roon has not fallen to pieces, my friend, The rafters have not tumbled in, But a quiet which crawls round the walls as you list, Has followed the olden din. JEN, There’s a change in the things that you loved, old friends, Yow have left your old home for the new, But I feelin the depths of my spirit the truth, There never was change in you. Twelve months, ’98, has come, dear friends, Since you were the High School pride; But we send you greeting and wish you well, ‘97, whatever betide. 16 HIGH SCHOOL ANN U AL. Three out of the seven of the class of ’97 remain in Madera, Lois Wilson, Maggie O’Mara and James O’Mara, who is in the em- ploy of Rosenthal Kutner. George Nicholson has been teaching school in Fresno County the past year. Merle Rush is living in Omaha, Nebraska, attending business college, and taking a course of stenography and typewriting. Irene Slaten is living in Oakland, Calif., at present. George Mordecai has taken his first year’s work at Stanford University this last year. af The Spirit of University Work. From the time a student enters college until he graduates he feels that he is working for himself, to perfect himself for the duties that would devolve upon him. The absence of anyone to goad him on and make him apply himself throws him on his own responsibility. He looks ahead of the present moment and sees and feels that every piece of work he does proves a valuable experience—strengthens him, makes him more able to seize upon and dea with difficult questions and adds to his store of useful information. The knowledge on the part of the student that a course of faithful study at a university will place him in a posi- tion which others have struggled half a life- time to attain, acts as a spur, sometimes too severely. Much to his surprise the student finds that he is quite willing to apply himself to the utmost. Asa general rule he does not view the work he undertakes as a task to be gotten through with as quickly as possible, but as a duty to be performed. Although much of the work is difficult and requires the closest application, it is extremely interesting and the main cause for this interest lies in thoroughness, and the ef- fort to reach the bottom of things. When aun able professor admits that ‘“‘he knows a little about some things in his own line’ one may begin to form an idea of this thoroughness which is the keynote to all uni- versity work. The student is expected to find out for him- self all that is known about a subject, and if possible, more besides. He is expected to spend time and labor sufficient to get the car- dinal points and principles of a subject and as, much detail as possible, and learn it thorough- ly. He is advised occasionally to concentrate his energies upon a few subjects rather than scatter them over many. A university seeks to turn out men who know what they know and know that they know it. A store of knowledge and of facts is held to be a valuable, but not the most valuable, ac- quisition a student has. The habit and ability of thinking for himself, the power of independ- eut research, the faculty of seizing upon the salient points of a problem and disposing of it in a logical way—these are some of the quali- ties a university seeks to instill. Er, No ING, “OF e eee A Student in the Worlds. How natural it is that a student in the last few months of his school career should have a wild desire to be in the busy whirl, and to be even a small part of the world’s machinery, It can be safely said that every boy or girl counts the hours which only too soon will end the happiest period of his life. Pythagorian theories, algebraic enigmas, scientific surmises, Latin conjugations seem to be the only problems to be solved. His ambi- tion is so great that in his imagination he sees himself at some future time the ‘‘observed of all observers.’’ However absurd this assertion may sound, nevertheless it is true. Now let us take our boy on his career and see the change. Taken away from his domi- cile, snatched from the circle of acquaintances, he is thrown in a world of strangers, where everyone is wrapt in his own affairs and sel- fishly considers himself alone. A month or two has elapsed, when his mind wanders back to the time when he was John Smith in the Seniors of the High School and he longs for the old-time feeling of sympathy and companionship. No matter how much the indif- ference and coldness of the worldis preached, the boys will still continue to desire a touch with the world. It is only when the doors of school life are closed behind him that he realizes the loneliness of his position among strangers. Thrown entirely on his own resources, he sometimes feels the need of assistance in meet- ing and overcoming the trials and tests that daily present themselves. While we look on the dark side there is of pon the ng oft e dull the lst Md have a and to be ninery, ny oF gt wil end ergs, ys see {0 His ani Hon he ses observed is assertion career ant a his dot quatants ers, Wie ats and he was ot Shoot all vanpaty al uct ei prea a touch ours ie reall’ , stages resol’ tance BE pen hs I t and 58 b ide tee HIGH! SsCHOOik ANNUAIE ee course, another side on which to look—a brighter side. There is an experience obtained which we must have, no matter in what direc- tion we may choose to travel. It is safe to say that no student, however complete his educa- tion may be, will ever obtain this knowledge until he has come face to face with the original. To learn whom to trust, where to find suit- able companions, how to save money, how to win the commendation of those whose good opinion will help to sustain him in his under- takings—these are all lessons. A hard lesson to learn is to make no drafts on the future. He must be able to discriminate between the petty gains of the present and the more substantial (though less alluring) rewards of the future. He will get more real good out of his first year’s course in the world’s education than in any one year he spent in school. Taking all things into consideration, we have never obtained our highest diploma until we are about to step into our graves, until we have undergone that process of evolution through which all forms of life are compelled to pass. By mingling with the world we become more liberal-minded; we see how small a factor each individual is in the world’s civilization. We begin to see how others’ opinions conflict with our own, and why their convictions should be respected. Above all, we realize the necessity for all men carrying out the rule that includes all others: ‘Do unto others as you would they would do unto you.’’ Gy Isls INioy. “OF. Books. ‘The greatest benefactor of the human race is unquestionably the book. It is the means of handing down from generation to generation the manners and customs of every age. Books are the medium through which we are enabled to map out our future course, and, by the knowledge contained in them, to avoid many things that have proven insurmountable obsta- cles in ages past. They are the agents through which great scientists impart to us the knowl- edge they have acquired only by a lifetime of study and application, and were it not for the indestructible pages on which it is written, would be lost or forgetten. Books are the truest friends of man; not those “Who in his sunshine live, When winter comes, are gone.’’ Unlike human beings, they do not, under the so-called garb of friendship, cater to your wants when fortune smiles kindly upon you, and, when overtaken by adversity, repudiate you with scorn. Books are the inseparable companions of a great majority of civilized people. They are companions to which you may turn in moments of despair, and forget for the time all worldly cares. When men become disgusted with humanity and the world in general, and wish to tear themselver away from its evils and vic issitudes, they do not go into solitude with- out their favorite books. Even the ‘‘sceptered hermit, grand, gloomy and peculiar, as he sits upon his throne,’’has strewn about him books of art, science and philosophy. Through the pages of a novel we are brought in contact with great lessons in every-day life and are able to study character as it really exists. There are great treatises on philos- ophy, art, science and government, whose pur- pose is to impart to the student a knowledge of these subjects, gathered together from the writings and observ ations of great men. Students should be very careful as well as particular in the selection of their books, as many of those published at the present day are unfit to read, and are published only by de- signing men for pecuniary advantages. “Books of standard authors, or those that were published in the different literary ages and have survived the attacks of critics; books spoken of with favor by persons. of ‘known literary tastes or of ability to judge of the merits or demerits of a book, should be chosen. iL 1, OMIM, OR. HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. Uncalendared Herees. ae “The world goes round, the sun sets on despair, The morrow makes it hope; Each little life Thinks the great axle of the Universe Turns on its fate, and finds impertinence In joy and grief conflicting with tts own. Yet fate is woven with unnoted threads; Each life is centered in the life of all And from the meanest root some fibre runs Which chance or destiny may intertwine With those that feed a force or guiding thought, To rule the world; so goes the world around.” “To be wholly unconscious of rights and claims,’’ says Carlyle, ‘‘is to be a hero. Ina valient suffering for others, not in a slothful making others suffer for us, does true noble- ness ever lie.”’ Many heroes then we have, many who are “wholly unconscious of rights and claims.”’ With many heroes, with great deeds upon which the fame of these brave ones rest, we are already familiar, is there not an “innumerable company’’ of uncalendared heroes whose valiant deeds are none the less heroic because unre- corded? The brilliant achievements of Admiral Dewey at Manila have won the applause of an admir- ing nation. He is justly entitled to the eulo- gies pronounced and the honors conferred upon him for his daring, coolness and bravery. The names of Sampson and Schley are upon all lips, and minor engagements have familiarized us with the names of subordinate officers who are possessed of the same intrepid and daring spirit. But under the command of these men, mak- ing possible their brilliant achievements, are hundreds of the brave (rank and file) whose names were not heralded in the dispatches. There are gunners standing at their posts with a superb courage and an invincible determina- tion that knows no defeat. Amid the din and smoke of battle, amid the bursting missiles of destruction, are brave sailors moving to and fro in the faithful discharge of duty. Down below are the engineers, stokers and oilers, working amid conditions almost unbear- able, contributing their part to the efficiency of the ship’s action and the success of the engage- ment. One naval correspondent says that among the heroes on a battleship none have more onerous a position, and none more danger- ous than the stokers who tend the furnaces and pass the coal. As the battle goes on there are many who win praise for bravery in action, but to the stoker and engineer there is only furious heat and hourly peril. All honor then, not only to the brave leaders who receive the plaudits of a nation, but also to those, lower in rank, with- out whom the most skillful and daring com- mander would be powerless. The service of the obscure finds illustration not only in the achievements of war but also in the pursuits of life. Much of the real work of the world is done by obscure men and women. ‘Ihe merchant autocrat, whose trans- actions reach over the world and whose finan- cial success raises him to a position of wealth and influence, is indebted to his faithful sub- ordinates, who carry out his directions to the letter. Frances Willard’s unrivalled success as a temperance worker was due, in large measure, to the faithful execution of her plans in all parts of the land by unrewarded, unknown women possessed of an heroic spirit to at- tempt all things for God and the right. The minister of state, whose policy is her- alded abroad in the newspapers, is indebted for the information upon which his policy is based to officials in various localities, each of whom is busy in his special work. ‘These officials may be unknown beyond a very limited circle, but they have been patiently at work gleaning and collecting the facts, mastering tne intrica- cies of the situation, and furnishing to their chiefs the results of their laborious toil. Have you heard the story of the lad who pumped the church organ? How he thrust his head from behind the curtains and refused to pump any longer until the organist said, We will play this piece over.’’ Possibly he —— way was | Po iets hono have were okt with | “Som taine sion yout hetoe A iNg, tho di Tes lack of cri 0 At By — toa eS g Utbey. ny f eligave: YS tha ue have anger aces a ny who t to the hea tonly to —- its ofa NG cot: stration it also CESS aS a ease, ans in al known init to at It. oy fs lier HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. 19 may have been unduly insistent, yet his share was nevertheless necessary and important. Policemen, firemen, guards and private sol- diers have gone to early graves, ‘“‘unwept, un- honored and unsung,’ because of deeds they have done, impelled by heroic impulses, that were heroic none the less because they were unknown; and over such graves we could say with Gray: “Some village Hampden that with dauntless breast, The little -tyrant of his fields withstood, Some mute, inglorious Milton here may rest, Some Cromwell, guiltless of his country’s blood.” There are mothers in our country whose lives are one long, heroic struggle, the no- bility of which isin proportion to their love. Their lives are full of ‘‘little, nameless, unremembered acts of kindness and of love.’ There are teachers and preachers, men and women of every vocation and occupation in life, whose struggles and sacrifices, disappoint- ments and achievements are worthy of record, and deserving of positions on the pinnacle of fame. “Out of school life into life’s school’’ we each must go, half regretful, half glad, and perchance among our number may be gradu- ated some ‘‘youth to Fortune and to Fame un- known,’’ whose burning desires for the unat- tained, transformed to heroism when the occa- sion demands, may cause the name of that youth to be recorded on the list of immortal heroes. At least we can be men and women of dar- ing, who flinch from no danger and shrink at no difficulty, and not, when moral heroism is required, be veriest cowards. May we never lack courage to stand for the right in the face of criticisms. “Our doubts are traitors, And make us lose the good we oft might win By fearing to attempt.” “Then let ws pray that come it may, As come it will for a that, That sense and worth o’er aw the earth May bear the gree, and a’ that. For @ that and a’ that, It’s coming yet for wv that, Thatman toman the warld o’er Shall brothers be for a’ that. Co Be IKey, OS. ————— go. Undiscovered Lands. ae My paths are in the fields I know, _ But thine in undiscovered lands. ae oS —Tennyson. al A little child sat dreaming in the doorway of its home; on the one hand, smiling in the sun, lay the green meadowland alive with flut- tering butterflies; on the other stood the sweet-scented orchard, re-echoing with the songs of happy birds; and all around the child was an impassable hedgerow of roses. He longed for the day when he could pass beyond the roses and see what lay at the end of the lane—surely something most wonderful. And one day he passed out of the peaceful garden, entered joyously the long lane that led to the mysterious land, and returned no more. He had gone to seek for undiscovered lands. A lad was toiling in a dreary field near by, and as he followed the deep furrow up and down in his happy mind he mused: ‘‘Some day when I am grown I shall sail over the sea; I shall explore the uttermost parts of the earth and the whole world shall be my home.’’ The lad grew older; he still followed the furrow up and down and still looked forward to the day when he should be a pilgrim in distant lands. Time passed; the youth grew old but he still delayed and dreamed, and, although behind his plow all his life, he sailed over the oceans, he scaled the Alps, and walked through the streets of the world’s great cities. He, too, had traveled in unknown lands. We who are voung rejoice that we have the opportunity to search in the fields most pleas- ant tous. Just outside our schoolroom door fair sciences, art and letters stand smiling, ready to welcome us; their richest treasures are at our command. ‘The one most devoted at the shrine of each goddess will win the longest prize. We will not seek alone; hand in hand we will stray with Sorrow through dark forests through which can be seen no glimpse of the fair lands we seek. But Sorrow is the friend of Earth’s children; she will chasten, not break; 20 HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. purify, not destroy; and sorrow is in all the undiscovered lands. “Hail, thou goddess sage and holy! Hail, divinest melancholy! Whose saintly visage is too bright To hit the sense of human sight; And therefore to our weaker view O’erlaid with black,staid Wisdom’s hue.”’ Bur sorrow reigns supreme in no one’s life; heart-easing mirth and joy we will always worship with our strongest love. The one who would break down the forbid- den barriers in life’s journey must have resolve. Resolve is what makes a man manliest—not puny resolve, not crude determination, not errant purpose, but that strong and indefatig- able will which treads down the heaving frost- lands of winter, which kindles his eye and brain with a proud pulse-beat toward the un- attainable will make men giants. It made Na- poleon an emperor of kings, Bacon a fathomer of nature, Byron a tutor of passion and the martyrs masters of death. If we perchance should stray into ungenial lands—‘‘life has no landmarks before us’’—our efforts will not be all useless and ‘‘the pleasure of pursuing is the prize the vanquished gain.’’ And at last when life has no more fields to show; when we are weary and long for rest and our old time ardor is gone, there is the past. ‘What a wide world that makes of the past a great and gorgeous, a rich and holy world; your fancy fills it up artist-like; the darkness is mellowed off into soft shades, the bright spots are veiled in the sweet atmosphere of distance, and fancy and memory together make up a rich dreamland of the past. And in a future and distant day may we say, without regret, to some little school child: ‘‘My paths are in the fields I know, But thine in undiscovered lands.’ Bicycle Repairing 274) Supplies. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED E. L. HALL, = D Street, Madera. “se PUA DE res pithery a a i Fresh Beet Cakes and Pies. A Full Line of Fresh Groceries D STREET, MADERA. VPVVVVVSBVVVSSVTSVSSVVSSVSVTSVVBWVVSVVV VT VTAA TA Cc. C. MCDOUGALL B. G. MCDOUGALL G. B. MCDOUGALL MOC Crugall GHt04., Architects 2 : 5 SAN FRANCISCO AND BAKERSFIELD, CAL. Sen Saws wen a es a ea — and the tngenia HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. People’s Cash Store | Red Front Mechanics’ Stores W. C. TIGHE Men’s Furnishing Goods Dry Goods, Fancy Goods, Gletnins eens. Furnishing Goods, Clothing, Boots and Shoes Trunks, lalises Ladies Fine Shoes a Specialty Fi ; babe becuase Largest, Best Selected Stock of Goods in Town YOSEMITE AVE., - MADERA ManassE Brock, MADERA. W.W.W. HUNTER’S Vii PEED PRESCRIPTION PHARMAGY| BICYCLE «+ DEALER Wheel Repairing Wheels Rented. Is the place for DS SuSE eee IPAM IB IA Pure Drdgs and Medicines JERRY CASEY heading Blacksmith of Madera HORSESHOEING A SPECIALTY Prescriptions Accurately Compounded at the Lowest Prices. : 4 as PRICES VERY REASONABLE lth CHR AN NODA AINE De NEAR RUSS HOUSE. SS ee HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. L. U. Hoskins, Democratic and People’s Party Nominee for @” ASSESSOR OF MADERA COUNTY Your Support Solicited. W. M. Hughes, Democratic and People’s Party Nominee for SUPERVISOR, SEIRST = DISTRICT, MADERA COUNTY. Your Support Solicited. F. A. Hunt, Democratic and People’s Party Nominee for CONSTABLE, THIRD TOWNSHIP, MADERA COUNTY. Your Support Solicited. John M. Griffin, Democratic and People’s Party Nominee for ASSEMBLYMAN, 62nn DISTRICT Your Support Solicited. S. E. Payne, Democratic and People’s Party Nominee for AUDITOR OF MADERA COUNTY Your Support Solicited. W. M. Amer, Democratic and People’s Party Nominee for TREASURER OF MADERA COUNTY Your Support Solicited. J. W. Greene, Democratic and People’s Party Nominee for RECORDER OF MADERA COUNTY Your Support Solicited. C. F. Bonner, Democratic and People’s Party Nominee for SUPERVISOR, THIRD DISTRICT, MADERA COUNTY. Your Support Solicited. W. B. Thurman, Democratic and People’s Party Nominee for SHERIFF OF MADERA COUNTY Your Support Solicited. C. J. Eubanks, Democratic and People’s Party Nominee for COUNTY CLERK OF MADERA CO, Your Support Solicited. Wim. T. Searles, Democratic and People’s Party Nominee for DISTRICT ATTO RNEY, MADERA COUNTY. Your Support Solicited. J. R. Richardson, Democratic and People’s Party Nominee for JUSMCH GOR TE PAGE, THIRD TOWNSHIP, MADERA CO. Your Support Solicited. I HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. S. W. Westfall, Republican Nominee for SHERIFF OF MADERA COUNTY Your Support Solicited. M. V. Dutcher, Republican Nominee for TAX COLLECTOR OF MADERA CO. Your Support Solicited. EK. E. Wilcox, Republican Nominee for AUDITOR OF MADERA COUNTY Your Support Solicited. W. C. Ring, Republican Nominee for RECORDER OF MADERA COUNTY Your Support Solicited. G. J. Wren, Republican Nominee for ASSESSOR OF MADERA COUNTY Your Support Solicited. [olR. [35 Inbe el SUL DR. W.C. REID DRS. REID REID, Physicians and Surgeons Rooms 55 and 56, Mace Block. R. R. Fowler, {D2 Republican Nominee for DISTRICT ATTORNEY, t TORNEY MADERA COUNTY. Your Support Solicited. Joe Barecroft, Republican Nominee for COUNTY CLERK OF MADERA CO. Your Support Solicited. R. M. Wilson, Republican Nominee for TREASURER OF MADERA COUNTY Your Support Solicited. W.S. Patterson, Republican Nominee for SUPERVISOR, FIRST DISTRICT, MADERA COUNTY. Your Support Solicited. W. L. Williams, Republican Nominee for SUPERINTENDENT OF MADERA COUNTY. SCHOOLS Your Support Solicited. Drs. J. L. and MR. Butin, PHYSICIANS SURGKONS Manasse Block, Madera. HIGH SCHOOL ANNUAL. San Francisco Call, Chronicle, Bulletin, Fresno Re- publican. All Periodicals. Commer = Bank sete Leading Brands of OF MADERA Si .. ae Cigars and Tobaccos AUTHORIZED CAPITAL, $300,000. BRD UP COAPIN AIS iva aaron s Full Line of Stationery. RETURN ROBERTS, W. W. PHILLIPS Corner Yosemite Avenue and D St. President Vice-President iheerde ts Cox, Cashier. Hyde Stevens a DIRECTORS: : 5 OSG Return Roberts, Henry Miller, W. W. (Successors to H. Giles) Phillips, N. Rosenthal, E. H. Cox. e Transacts a general banking business. Bl k th Draws direct on principal cities of the ac smil S world. Accounts of corporations, firms and individuals solicited. YOSEMITE AVE., MADERA. ANCA ANCA EA A i A Aan 7 i Mn A Alin As cds al ins Aa sal see M C. J. LINDGREN, Contractor � © Builder BAKERSFIELD, CAL. Among the many fine buildings constructed by Mr. Lindgren is Madera County’s new jail, a fine example of the builder’s ability. a; uy ac if Hurrah! Hurrah! The Fourth is at hi ’ Aad gear aes vibe ee a FRED BARCROFT - You will have to get in line By buying fireworks in time. Go to C. F. Preciado’s Store And load up your pockets ———DEALER IN. _ With torpedoes and rockets, Devil chasers, squi..; and fizzes— Everything that pops and whizzes, ee | Everything th oa Hardlvare, MOVES, C. F. Preciado Co., a Sole Agency for the Pine, Pumps, Fittings, Rts, SAN FRANCISCO EXAMINER. AERNOTOR WINDMILLS - Cigars, Fruits, Conrecrronery. Manasse Block, - - - - - Madera. | MADERA, - : E CAL. A Vamping Party | SF: Monies SELLS Will save money by buying their supplies from Honeycutt Speegle —w—ICE RG. JBY, ee Furniture, Carpets : Will deliver ICE to any Funeral Director and Embalmer, part of town at lowest TELEPHONE Rep 41. Mapera, CAL. ae Res eee rates. Patronize him and - Regular Republican Nominee for keep cool. Coroner of Madera County YOUR SUPPORT SOLICITED Front Street, - = - Madera { } i i } i bates ent Ve Soe eats COCR eMart teen cae Sar Peres bse pan” at ieee eae ee Y : pee ea ae “¢ 7 oe LS ee BS eS Reg acre Oe yan ee ene Site a oe ey aa ioe ke Se eey tte ete ers . s . Ba AAA = REE thei — +s L atte: ‘S an ae atest oo a cS oR ee ne aid ) “ Ss ree ha ie on Dae f 17 re ue eres oe Ws TAPED Ss Pea ing ! ed Se ey APs af ae rae Rees? Ate Cia eee Ol ered er ye %