Idaho State University - Wickiup Yearbook (Pocatello, ID)

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'LJ' Ju 4 V Q' Q-'imma , ' .ff types of food preparation. Camas bulbs taste usweetish' like a mild onion, he commented. I regard archeology as a natural science rather than as history or a humanistic discipline, Butler said. Archeologists employ the hypothetical deductive method. Given certain facts, scientists arrive at a conclusion, this is characteristic of modern science. Archeologists test ideas about the nature of the universe rather than just gathering and interpreting facts, he said. The Rocky Mountain drainage area is a natural laboratory for experiments, he continued, pointing out that archeologists not only collect artifacts-they are interested in the Whole region as it was inhabited by man. There is an intimate relationship between what man does and what is his environment, he added. There is a tendency to regard civilization as lost in antiq- uity, Butler said, but it can be found serving into the pres- ent. Ron Cole and Marshall Taylor freshen up after a day of working at the excavation site. Robert Butler, director of the excavation, advises his assistants on project. The archeologists found re- mains of a Nez Perce In- dian culture believed to be 7,500 years old. Left to right are Butler, jack Hay- mond, Kirk Pool, Ron Cole and Marshall Taylor Qin backgroundj .

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Archeologists Find Ancient Culture By Pat Sharp Archeologists at Idaho State University have uncovered re- mains of a Nez Perce Indian culture dating back 7,500 years. Robert Butler, research associate in the ISU Museum, di- rected the excavation of the Double-House Project in the Rocky Canyon drainage area seven miles south of Cottonwood this past summer. Aiding him were Marshall Taylor, Larry Swisher, Jack I-Iaymond, Richard Howard, Kirk Pool, Ron Cole and Dennis Bruns. An earlier project, the Weis Rock Shelter, was started near the same area in 1961. The shelter was first occupied about 5,500 B.C., according to Butler, who explained that Nez Perce tribes lived in rock shelters before moving to villages. The Double-House excavation consists of two separate layers. The lower house, slightly oblong, was first occupied about the first century, A.D. It was abandoned in the late 17th century, said Butler. The newer level is actually a combination of two houses, the larger slightly oblong and the smaller, round. There are indications that a third house once existed as part of the village. The larger house might have sheltered 20 to 30 people-most likely members of the same family-and the smaller, 10 people, Butler said. At the deepest point, the two layers were separated by a layer of fine sand three to four inches thick. The houses which once stood at these sites were A-frame structures covered with mats made of tule cattails. This type of dwelling existed at the time of the Lewis and Clark expedition, Butler said. Beads Collected Artifacts collected at the Double-House excavation include bone needles, awls, beads and gaming implements. The latter are small objects, some of which are marked, which the Nez Perce used in a game-one team hid the objects in their hands and the other team gambled on who held the marked pieces. Also uncovered were stone arrowheads, spear heads, knives, scrapers and food grinding implements. Together the Weis Rock Shelter and the Double-House excavation are called the Cottonwood Project. It provides a cross-section of the prehistory of the Nez Perce in that area, Butler said. Farmers in the region have reported that small bands of the tribe existed through the first quarter of the 20th century. Nez Perce tribes came from the coastal ranges in the Pacific Northwest. They followed the western Cordillera fmountain rangesj to the Columbia Plateau 11,500 years ago and settled at The Dalles, Ore., then some 7,500 years ago spread eastward toward the Rockies. Those who settled on the Camas prairie retained the same culture as the Nez Perce at The Dalles. The Nez Perce arrived at The Dalles with a remarkable array of tools, Butler said. They had antler wedges which were used to split wood-the earliest woodworking tools known in the New World. This indicates that the Nez Perce were well adapted to the lightly-forested areas, he continued. The tribes, he said, were expert fishermen, hunters of deer and elk and gatherers of camas root. Nez Perce Ate Roots Camas roots were actually the bread of the Nez Perce, Butler said. The tribes used the roots, or bulbs, in making a flat loaf comparable to bread, in making soup and in other Researchers from Idaho State University are shown during various phases of unearthing fragments from an ancient Indian culture. At left, Ron Cole examines a finding. Center photo shows Cole and Jack I-Iaymond saving an object uncovered. Kirk Pool, right, records data about the discoveries.

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Appearing on his own TV show, Phil Uberuaga conducts therapy as Melvin Hargraves, graduate stu- dent, looks on and tunes in by ear phones. The patient is repeating the names of the objects as Uberuaga Speech and Hearing Clinic 24 hands them to him. The speech correction curriculum is a minimal major which permits the student to work toward his basic speech correction credential, a na- tionally recognized accreditation by the American Speech and Hearing As- sociation. This major is supplemented with classes in psychology, education, speech and language arts. Courses most closely associated with the major in speech correction are the study of phonetics and voice problems and a general course cover- ing principles of speech correction with emphasis on the most common faults of articulation characteristics of pre-school and the early grades. Majors begin their concentration by sharing in clinic teaching under super- vision. They prepare lesson plans, teach speech defective children reg- ularly, evaluate and summarize each lesson and have regular weekly con- sultations with the clinic director. In