Headland High School - Tartan Yearbook (East Point, GA)

Page 7 text:

1777 rf j .QQ he Stars and Stri es fla , designed and slewn lfzy Betsy Ross under a com- '44 iwjlt' mission headed by Geo- rge Washington, is adopted by Con- gress as the official flag of the Uni- ted States, ,Iune14. Attempting to stop Howels ad- vance on Philadelphia, the colonial capitol, Washington meets the Red- coats at Brandywine Creek, Sep- tember 11, and is defeated. Con- gress flees the capitol, which is oc- cupied by the British on Septem- ber 26. Washington is again de- feated at Germantown, October 4, and retires for the winter. ' .2 gw l ,YQ QT ilgj, if 7' .qw 153, '. 1 ,Q ff- i .I 1 at , 1 I 1. it 6 , 1 1 5 v V 9 A X 1 Q X ,, l 'Nile is 1 fi '17 lm L 1 fl F W L R. 4 ,Dry X L 4 if 1 1 l 421g I , A ,, '.Xf.L,-' , 4' Q - - 'F '-hi ' X -' I . .JN71 F -' ,V-. Xl. -Q 'Av-N , ,gk Fi. 5. W r . I ,A s 4 1 , , 4 5 I X 1 T 1 1. ' 11- l -' -1 V 1 5 1 7 lit' E: A X' 'J ' xx 12: 9 . , S-. X1 . 1:2 , . r xx' 4' f 7 . ,-a'1.i1fi:4vA f 4.1 f, ' 4x-11 ' - f ar' ' ' ,1 Trying to isolate New England, the seat of the rebellion, from the rest of the colonies, British troops of Burgoyne's command suffer several defeats coming down from Canada. General Burgoyne him- self is finally defeated in two ma- jor battles and forced to surrender at Saratoga, New York, October 17. Burgoyne's defeat proves to be a major turning point, for it is the event that finally brings France into alliance with the Americans in 1778. 1778 mr. he winter of 1777-78 is the low point for Wash- ington's Continentals. L Encamped at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, the soldiers face the severe weather ill-fed, ill- clothed, and months behind in pay. Desertions, disease, and the cold decimate the ranks daily. But by the strength of his personal cha- risma, Washington holds the rag- tag army together and prepares for the spring campaigns. The British, now under Clinton, withdraw frpmrxfggghiladelphia un- der challenge French fleet, and enroute t ylflYork' are met by Washingt f Mnmouth, New jersey. en- gagement, Washin'g1Qf'lh is able to return to New York and establishes West Point as his permanent head- quarters. The Western Campaign is open- ed by George Rogers Clark to re- gain the frontier lands of the West and Northwest and put an end to the Indian raids sponsored by the British. The campaign is success- fully completed in 1779. 1 , Mil-,1f,.V! , 'we if, aa .14 't 1 ' LJQ--'X ' iam Q- 'fl 1'5'ff'f tif f . 72 ., Ir. . ,,. , L, ,.. .. , if 11 Q wr 1111111 7:2 , uifrfiu Q 5 I I M - Q J i g , as f i al w .VL v. In an attempt to conquer the weaker colonies of the South and thus end their participation in the war, the British capture Savannah, December 29, then move inland, occupying Augusta. All of Georgia is under British control by the end of 1779. . ' Q we ails 1 c ti . - , .I -1 5 g 4 fs ,X :lv 1 in If ff! K N 1 'Zi fi H. ig 25914 ! 1 - - tl 43 -

Page 6 text:

W X X I U Q '- x.x X ffiwlnux l sims v Fgg X X .5 H x X ...FV X ' E l 1 i l i fi the 'lm 12. . 9 r. ' -'Ra .1 Q jo in, Quin sf Following the French and Indian War, which ended in 1763, British Parliament and King George III attempted to bring the previously unregulated territorial expansion of the American colonies and their growing commerce under manage- ment control. The resulting taxes and laws imposed by Parliament where the colonists had no representation were met first by protests, then boycots, and ultimately, inevitably, armed resistance. The long series of provocations and incidents between 1764 and 1775, includ- ing the Boston Massacre fMarch 5, 17701 and the Boston Tea Party fDecember 16, 17732, finally led to the Intolerable Acts of 1774 which, in turn, resulted of the First Con- -f ., tinental Con- gress. United at - last by the Con- gress in opposi- ' tion to royal r . - oppression, the 'W' Hg- 'C colonies were able ,- . f ,Q h 'Lg 1, 5 ..- ,, , .. 4 I - . .. ,N . I in the formation - I 6' az to force some concessions on the king and Par- liament, but nei- ther side was able to stop the drift to- ward open conflict. Even so, the war that began as a strug- gle for justice and ended as a fight for independence was ignited by an accident. KING GEORGE lll 1775 arned by Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Dr. -SL Samuelllwrescott that Britislii fegulars are en- route to tolgeize colonial military confront the Redcoats iiv! ton, April 19. During the some- one - who - fires a single shot, Heard iRound the both sides open fire begins the cc1nflict7 thiat'1ia7ill change the world. Meeting after the Lexington skirmish, the Second Continental Congress appoints George Wash- ington Commander-in-Chief of colonial forces, Washington takes command at Cambridge, Massa- chusetts, july 3. Colonial forces from New York take Fort Ticonderoga, but suffer defeats at Quebec, losing General Montgomery, and at Bunker Hill above Boston, losing one the most able and active leaders of the origi- nal colonial opposition, Dr. joseph Warren. Even though colonial opposition t repressive British rule had flared into armed rebellion many colonists remained loyal to the Crown fighting not for in- dependence but for their rights as citi- ever with Parliament s decision to mount a massive campaign to crush the rebel- lion in its infancy including the use of German mercenary soldiers many pre- viously-loyal Tories became convinced that justice under George III was impos- sible. o zens of the British Commonwealth. How- 1776 lf Q:fQiQ ith the landing of Brit- Iff, ish troops at Sandy Hook I t sg and liriiish asgault 'er' in on ar es on, on- gress ends debate and hastily adopts the Declaration of Inde- pendence, july 4, 1776. ' --eegi'q57 '-f 4 s ,' is' fi if , , my. Q it ' jx! N 1 iffy Retreating into Pennsylvania after several defeats in New York, Washington suddenly turns and in a brilliant stroke recrosses the Delaware Christmas night, taking the advanced Hessian corps by surprise, routing the mercenaries. Another victory at Princeton eight days later over Cornwallis ends the first campaign fought for American independence. Eh fl EN..

Page 8 text:

1779 T'-tf 2?K standoff in the North and the consolidation 7 7 of Georgia occupying British efforts in the South, atten- tion turns tothe naval war. Returning ith the war at a virtual , to France from a successful cruise against British ship- ' . ping, a small l , ,, squadron un- X- 1 . wf.- f- der john Paul jones in Bon Homme Rich- Q' ardn fnamed in honor of Benjamin Franklin and his Poor Richard's Almanack, intercepts a British merchant convoy under Sera- pis. Engaging the Serapis,' by moonlight, jones wins one of the most famous naval battles in his- tory after 3 W hours, although the Bon Homme Richardn is sunk, September 23. f .2 W If xx X 49 J A.-,za 0 r , It ,mmf X 9 . E, . :Sl 0 JOHN PAUL IONES 1780 linton and Cornwallis, 4 fl marching from Savan- gftpfj nah capture Charles- ton, South Carolina, costing the Americans All of South Carolina is consolidated and Clinton re- turns to New York leaving Corn- wallis to reduce North Carolina. May 12, 5000 men. X . p 03. X f A ,wif ' lff .,. Y if I V .M 4 1 r 'gf 1 1 .i 1 ' 42 E A ' , 6 1781 ,?57'j'f,E is forces decimated by JZN5 Z in d ' 5 1-an -run partisan bands, Cornwallis is unable to defeat Na- thaniel Greene at Guilford Court- house, North Carolina, and with- draws to Wilmington. Greene moves south and with guerilla for- ces under Samuel Marion Dennis, The Swamp Fox,U begins driv- ing the British back to Charleston and Savannah. To try tosyswtgrrerggtllen his control over the moves against Vi ingizfi h troops under al- most jefferson, governor Marquis de LaFayette tfiffilgnly major to Yorktowr?2'tdtt'frfest devel- opments. Washington decides to meet Cornwallis in a decisive engage- ment in Virginia and marches with Rochambeau to join LaFay- ette and the French fleet under Comte de Grasse. With his back to the French fleet, the rest of the South falling again to colonial for- ces, and his forgfications infiltrated by tunnels dug by the colonials at night, Cornwallis surrenders after a three-week seige, October 19, thus ending war operations. . a f , .- v- I ' ,' - ,. 9' if ft. .2 Wh.. ,-, lg,fw,i, ,1.w:e2'f3, i Q, A xl- ,'.., Q V, 1 i .19 - ' uhg' V P 1, f 5-1 H I. ,l 0!.e '?7- lrqlmt, , I R I lil 4 'i-4-, f in 'Ill ti Q ,I . 21 I A. .,. a 1783 QB' fter. two years of nego- A 27 tlatlons over the terms of peace and repara- ' ' H tions, the Treaty of Paris, officially ending the Amer- ican Revolution is concluded, Sep- tember 3, and is ratified by Con- gress. The Architects of Independence F31 101-IN mms I' 4. 5 I I .5 . I Y. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN 'N fs, ff? 'A I' xx. P' 'fggi x f . if-lt f' 'gh- P N x RB.-'i'w ' -F. witvlxxf . X , 3521-1 -f ' u . 5- x- if X.: 'P X f. wg .ra 55 . 1 f, x g X p t J- rf , '4 JA 'I 1wI'f'f- 1.1- R' - rl s ,' 1, 6' lg 11 1 , I 1 ,,6 ,- , wg-13' t -. 'ar-V K 5 F A 9 - A X .3 'W Q fm I W' ,x , . l 542' 1 .JV 'l , IL lql : Mr fluff -V1 V. V, gp i Maia .1--, N x EI Axlrvtils 4 A , 1 'x 3 X ' Fl I R A fl I SAMUEL ADAMS mf' 'iff 1 ,ff--lf:- s-T. -' A fl ' fn :, -n V I Y' f ' . f s i ALEXAN DER HAMILTON' ,IOHN HANCOCK PATRICK HENRY - B :fi THOMAS JEFI-'ERSON GEORGE WASHINGTOYN