Harriet Whitney High School - First Lady Yearbook (Toledo, OH)

Page 42 text:

A RETAILING SELLING 11 Back Row ---- Marion Manrow, Ruth Pease, Clara Mae Blaine, Elaine Rayess Second Row Front Row- --Mrs. Kate R. Gailey, Delores Piker, Irene Jagodzinski Virginia Rakowski, Delores Sprague Mary Jane Donley, Genevieve Koziatek, Evelyn Gorski. Adviserg Vanis Schyllander, Betty Zattau, June Holzapfel, Helen Hartranft, Priscilla Matinosky, Bernice Maienfisch, Magdalene Petok, Teresa Geraldo, Grace Zimmerman. ' Esther Steinke, Arlene Hoffman, Eileen Ritz, Marie Jagel, Susan Smith, Alice Davidson, Virginia Travis, Marjorie Gregor, Rita Marie Micholski. U 40

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RETAILING THROUGH THE YEARS Selling is the last step in a long process leading to one main objective--the placing of a commodity in the hands of the consumer. Retailing courses are given in schools to develop personality and character It is so easy nowadays to visit or telephone the grocery store that we forget our ancestors had to purchase a month's or even a year's supply of provisions at one time. Until the railroads and steamboats began to serve the world, it was impossible to distribute the products of all the communities in a continuous flow from pro- ducer to consumer. Some of the early methods of distribution are as follows: l. Barter Cexchange of one article for another without the use of money is still used among the natives of Africa, and there is a possibility that the system will be revived.J 2. Guild Corganizations consisted of local members of the town who bought and sold their own products.J 5. Fairs Cdurning the Roman Empire, people could come to these periodical gatherings of merchants to collect supplies. Some fairs are held today.J During ancient times after people had gathered around shrines of saints to worship, trading would start. Dishonesty in the exchange of goods was very common. Beginning as early as 3,000 B.C. and con- tinuing fer two thousand years the Cretans traded in the Mediter- ranean territory. During the fifth and sixth centuries before Christ, Phoenicians carried on trade in Sicily. Greeks did their buying in the agora, or market place, where there was entertainment while the purchaser was deciding on his wares, At first the barter method was usedg but later when they began to trade over-seas, gold and silver coinage was adapted. Roman stores were small with a sign on the front of them to tell the kind of merchandise carried. One of these has been excavated and found to consist cf nine floors, connected by steep stairways. Higher priced goods were sold on the lower levelsg and because the exertion was so great to climb to the top, nbargain basementsn were found on the top floors. - At first Hstallsu were used for selling goods. These were later changed into shops. The merchant lived under the same roof with his store. Modern distribution accomplished by wholesaling and retailing is classified under specialty shops, general and department stores. 59

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Back Row-- Third Row- Second Row Front Row--- RETAILING 10-A --Geraldine Carter, Martha Turkoweki. Kathleen Griner. Rose Grabinski, La Vonne Roth, Adeline Biernacki, Marie Rybcznski, Bettie Fahrer. --Winona Aldridge, Virginia Jordan, Helen Oeinski, Alice Kapelski, Geraldine Zulka, Alvina Franczyk, Delores Kardasz. . -Betty Brazeau, Mary Przepierski, Beulah Lecakes, Norma Downing, Wilma Walker, Bonnie Comfort, Bette Seeman. Doris Davis, Alice Hauk, Viola Haney, Lillian Flensted, Wilma Finkenbiner, Irene Czerniak. 41