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Page 12 text:
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WILLS CRCCK 0« CVWTJCRLANO MAP SHOWING PLACES IMPORTANT IN WASHINGTON'S EARLY EXPEDITIONS INTO PENNSYLVANIA (From A Towng Colonel from Virginia, used by courtesy of the Fort Necessity Memorial Association}
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Page 13 text:
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WASHINGTON IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. I. His Expeditions Between 1748-1770 Olive Bernard. THIS year which marks the bicentennial of the birth of George Washington is of particular interest to Western Pennsylvania. Even though Washington was a native of Virginia, some of the most important and the most historic events of his life occurred in our state; and those which belong to Western Pennsylvania are highly significant. Washington’s experiences in this part of the state cover eight periods during his life, beginning in 1748 when he made a trip as a surveyor; and ending in 1784 when he made a trip in interest of his lands, and in interest of developing waterways between the East and the West. The real foundation of Washington’s military career was made in Western Pennsylvania. His first acquaintance with the West came in 1748, when, under George William Fairfax, he set out on a surveying expedition into western Virginia, part of which is now western Pennsylvania. This expedition gave him a knowledge of Indian and frontier life that was of value to him in his subsequent expeditions. In 1749, the British crown chartered the Ohio Company which was granted 200,(XX) acres by the Virginia Council. At the head of the company was Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia. Three years later, members of the Ohio Company complained to Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia that the French were extending their fortifica- tions from Canada into the Ohio Valley, basing their claims on the explorations of La Salle sixty years before. Dinwiddie, realizing the gravity of the situation, chose George Washington, then a youth of twenty-one, as his messenger to warn the French that they were encroaching upon private property granted by the English king. Washington was instructed also to note the condition of the French forts, and to select a site for the Ohio Company’s fort. On this expedition Washington was accompanied by seven men. Two of these were Jacob Van Braam, his old fencing master, who acted as an interpreter; and Christopher Gist, a hardy pioneer who was an agent for the Ohio Company. This journey to Fort Le Boeuf was full of hardship but was attended by no me- morable happening. Washington delivered his message to the French commander, whose reply was to the effect that he was there by order of his king to hold the land which belonged to France. The return trip of the party was attended by dangers as well as by hard- ships. Washington sent all the men except Gist ahead with the horses and baggage while Gist and he undertook a shorter route. Escaping from a treacherous Indian guide, they attempted to cross the Allegheny River on a rudely constructed raft. Washington was thrown into the water, and saved himself only by holding to one of the raft logs till Gist and he reached an island where they were obliged to spend [9]
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