Duke University School of Medicine - Aesculapian Yearbook (Durham, NC)

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PEDIATRIC The primary ohiective of the Department of ledi- atrics and of Pediatrics in general is to assist children to J develop into adults who can function at optimal capacity as responsible citizens. This ohiective may he achieved directly hy attention to an individual child or may he approached indirectly hy training personnel for the various tasks and hy the discovery of new knowledge through research. Throughout the history of the De- partment of Pediatrics, these three goals have guided its growth: Service to children, teaching, and research. ln the early years, the care of the sick child was paramount since there was a scarcity of Pediatricians and Duke Hospital was, for a very large area, the only referral center which had special skills and equipment. Teach- ing was wholly patient-centered in general clinics and wards. Later, and when personnel and space hecame availahle, attention was given to the organization of specialty clinics, research, and suh-specialty training pro- grams. In fairly rapid succession, specialized clinics were formed in the areas of child guidance, convulsive dis- orders, allergy, heart disease, renal disturhances, pediatric neurology, pediatric hematology, etc. Additions to the staff, which has heen increased rapidly to meet needs, have hrought new vigor to the Department and its training programs. An active research program has strengthened and complimented the teaching program. At the same time the physical facilities of the Depart- ment were increased and modernized. In 1957 the new out-patient clinic was opened, in 1958 the research facili- ties of the Department of Pediatrics in the Bell Building were much increased. Finally, in 1961, Howland Ward was completely renovated and expanded into an ultra modern, completely air-conditioned ward for 55 children. Throughout these changes, however, the primary - ws sr. 459 , f-rf' Q A gqgwziivsf- v rf' as iw s 4 , DR. HARR1s function of the Department of Pediatrics toward our medical students has heen to help them to understand children, to learn how to keep them well, and to treat them in illness. It is our intent that the undergraduate medical students acquire an appreciation of the child in his family setting-gaining an understanding of child- hood disease states, normal growth and development, the child's interpersonal relationships, and the preven- tion of disease. We hope that some of the medical students will he stimulated hy their experiences in the course and enter Pediatrics as a specialty. ln this way they may appreciate the deep personal satisfaction that may he gained through work with children. IEROLIE S. HARRIS, M.D. Clzairmzzn of the Depmtrrient QW V M g gk 'h, 7 ' 3 -- . 1 'fff ., ' yu., . .X X 3 s . . , s 1 Q . HEY Q ' Q 3 4 S. 4, 5 S .5 . ...:s:,'S' Qu, 4 save. 1 . N. ' Tk 0 Q 5.2: . DR. MAIJISIJN S12Ac:11 DR. ANot's lVlCBRYDE DR. WILLIAM DEMARIA tuferzty-six

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We have been requested to write a short summary of the Department of Radiology since its inception and the scope of activities over the years, current activities and forecast for the future. Since some of tis were here before Duke Hospital was fully completed or equipped, we are able to give a general picture of progress over the years. By the time this issue comes olf the press the Department of Radiology will be given the green light to enlarge and for once to develop into a well equipped, up to date department. In IQSU the department was organized for Diagnostic Radiology with a minimum of Radiation Therapy. ln the earlier years diagnostic diseasesg such as, tubercu- losis, syphilis, empyema, pneumonia, and lung abscesses were very common. Little was known about the various heart diseases as well as many of the other problems in modern day medicine. Lung cancer was practically unheard of. Very little research was done in the various fields which we are undertaking today. This was chieHy due to the almost complete absence of available funds. In the present day Radiology Department there is a complete change as compared with the earlier years. The Diagnostic Division has been reorganized with sub- specialities, such as, Pediatric, Cardiovascular, and Neu- roradiology. We are now able to visualize the entire vascular and venous system, including the coronary cir- culation. With increase in research funds there has been a tremendous upswing in cardiac radiology. The best results are being achieved where there is a team effort of Radiologists and Cardiologists. Radiation Therapy has also done a complete revolu- tionary turn in the last few years. Since World War II Cobalt has become available and there are more and larger X-ray machines, the cancer problem is being Dit. Rhigvss attacked more vigorously and with these aids a certain percentage of increase in cures is being obtained. We still admit that surgery and radiation therapy are not the solution to the cancer problem. Where cases are gotten early with better diagnostic facilities and operated or treated early, the percentage of cures has increased considerably. The clinical use of Isotopes went through a rapid revolutionary period following war number two. Cer- tain clinical studies using isotopes are now more or less routine. The use of isotopes in the study of small bowel disease and kidney diseases were originally developed at Duke and now are both listed as standard procedures. Extensive research is under way using many and various types of isotopes. Insomuch as Radiology is closely allied with all spe- cialities of medical practice, there is an overall effort to teach Radiology both throughout the academic years as well as on the clinical level. Starting with the Roentgen Anatomy of cadavers in the first year and carrying the studies on through the clinical years into the graduate level, we Find the student makes a better clinician. The more closely he allies himself with radiological consultants the better the medical care to the patient. Roiauiti' I. Riaiayiis. M.D. C!IiIlil'l71LlI1 of the Deptirtniwif 1 ii ii ' six-at 5 ' t ....,. -. , , f , ,,,.. ., .,,., , 5 DR. IOHN A. Goituiz DR. Guoitoia BAYLIN twerzty-five

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QBSTETRICS GT ECOLOG The literature of Medical liducation is just so volumi- nous, and just so confused, as is the literature of any field of intellectual pursuit. All branches of medicine are intellectual pursuits. Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecologic Endocrinology do have many intellectual facets. It is problematical that any one is ever taught anyk thing. The individual learns to learn. Our feeling is that any stimulus given to the student Cscholarj in medicine to insure his interest in continua- tion education is of the utmost importance. The stimu- lus should express itself as exposure to the processes of thinking and reasoning. A teaching community should have a high content of imagination and intellect. It is obvious, therefore, that imagination and intellect should be expected to be manifest in both the teaching scholars in the student scholars. The mental efforts of scholars of any type, are best served if they are viewed closely under a system of intel- ligent criticism. A certain amount of knowledge can be acquired and part of it can be retained. A wise old educator of the eighteen hundreds once wrote, The shadow of lost knowledge at least protects you from many illusions. In any intellectual efforts, habits are formed. Among these habits are the habit of attention, the habit of exf pression, the habit of suhmitting to censure and refuta- tion, the habit of assent or dissent, the habits of accuracy. of discrimination of mental courage and of self knowl- edge. Of all these habits we would stress self-knowledge. Armed with self'knowledge the scholars will readily acquire the medical conscience so necessary for intelli' gent, humane and adequate care of patients. Wav , . . Dia. c,.XRTl'.R Bacon, a man of varied accomplishments and repu- tations, expressed very well the things which should be avoided in the acquisition of medical knowledge. I-le wrote, For first the zinforzmzfzion of the sense itself, some- times failing sometimes false: obxerzfiztzbfz careless. irregu- lar and led by chance, ffcltflill-Oil vain and fed on rumor: p1'i1c't1'c'c' slavishly bent upon its work, C'.1'tf7C'I'IiNI6'l1Z blind. stupid and prematurely broken off: lastly, mzzzmzl fllif- tory trivial and poor, all these have contributed to supply the understanding with very bad material for y'7!2IifU.fOf7!l'1' and the .fc'ic'z1cc's. Fit.-xxcis l3.xY.x1uJ k:AR'I'ER, MTD. Cvflcllifllltlll of the DL'pi1rtn1e11t DR. E. C. I-IAMBLEN DR. R. N. CTREADICK DR. Rox' T. I'uu4Ex fll'C'lI fy-.i'f'I'C'l1