Duke University School of Medicine - Aesculapian Yearbook (Durham, NC)

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Research in the Department can be viewed as directed toward two such frontiers. First, the goal of much of the work is to increase our understanding of the molecu- lar basis of fundamental physiological processes, such as muscular contraction, nerve conduction, active trans- port, and cell division. The second frontier involves the analysis of complex integrated physiological functions such as the mechanics of respiration, the activity of the hrain, etc., with the use of modern analogue and digital computer techniques. In providing for the communication of ideas in Physi- ology and Pharmacology, the Department recognizes a primary responsibility to provide the hest possihle in- struction to First and second year medical students. In addition, it offers a vigorous educational program for graduate students who are candidates for the l'h.D. degree in Physiology or Pharmacology. The graduate program involves a general course in Physiology and Pharmacology taught from the literature, as well as courses in selected advanced aspects ol' lvoth disciplines. The advanced courses are also open to third and fourth year medical students as well as postdoctoral students. In collahoration with the Department of Electrical Engi- neering, the Department of Physiology and Pharma- cology offers a training program in Biomedical Engi- neering. The Department is also active in promoting the development of more vigorous teaching in the areas of clinical physiology and clinical pharmacology. D.-txiiit. Tos'rEsoN, M.D. ChLlliI'771L1IZ of the Deprzrtnzwzt nineteen

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PH 'YSIOLGGT Ss? X' as X 1 v 55 s iz its M96 ,935 sv W t dz MW V as 1, X 4 K bt :vac .vr-, . -2+ QR v's-Ac-,-M Z.,5-L,t.:,s.:Q.,1,g-,.,.tam.f-, The Department of Physiology and Pharmacology consists of a Division of Physiology and a Division of Pharmacology. Each Division seeks to provide a focus for the growth and dissemination of ideas in their re- spective disciplines within Duke University. ln order to provide for growth of new ideas in Physiology and Pharmacology, the Department is engaged in a vigorous program of research in certain aspects of these fields. In order to provide for the dissemination and communi- cation of these new ideas, the Department conducts an educational program for medical students, graduate stu- dents, post-doctoral students, and nurses. Since both of these departmental responsibilities, research and teaching, require a large and varied faculty, the Department is in the process of a substantial expansion. This expansion will be completed upon construction of a new medical sciences building which will form the first component of the new medical campus at Duke. In recognition of the fact that a few investigators working on the same problem seem to progress more effectively and happily than either a single scientist working alone or a large group, both Divisions of the Department are organized into a loose confederation of relatively autonomous laboratories. Each Laboratory is headed by a mature scientist capable of conducting a vigorous research program. Within the Division of Physiology the following Laboratories are in being: the Laboratory of Cellular Neurophysiology CChief, Asso- ciate Professor W. Moorej, Laboratory of Muscle Physiology CChief, Associate Professor P. Horowiczj, Laboratory of Molecular Physiology fChief, Associate Dix. TCJSTESCJN Professor Hluml, Laboratory of Cellular Endo- crinology fChief, Associate Professor I. Kostyoj, Labora- tory of Cardiopulmonary Physiology CChief, Associate Professor W. E. Hullj, and the Laboratory of Cellular Transport Processes CChief, Professor D. C. Tostesonj. The Division of Pharmacology presently contains one Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, headed by Professor F. Bernheim. Laboratories of Circulatory, Cardiac, and Oncological Pharmacology are presently in process of formation. When the Department is at full strength in the new building, there will be nine or ten laboratories in the Division of Physiology and six labora- tories in the Division of Pharmacology. Since it is obviously impossible to represent the entire fields of Physiology and Pharmacology within any one department, the selection of the areas covered by the Laboratories mentioned above involves decisions regard- ing the most promising frontiers in the two disciplines. . ,- ,.,, , ' ff lin. Ficiinuiuczk liuiuviiiaim Du. WAYLAND HULL DR. E. Citorr LONG eiglz teen

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PATHOLOGT Pathology has been defined as the science which deals with the causes, mechanisms of development and effects of disease. It is the bridge between basic medical science and clinical practice, and the study of Pathology pro- vides the student with his fsirst experiences in his life long study-disease. At a medical school such as Duke much of the departmental effort is devoted to the teach- ing of Pathology to medical students. In addition, because of the large amount of surgical and autopsy material available at Duke, it is possible to maintain a very active graduate training program. Young physi- cians who choose to specialize in Pathology or who wish to receive further grounding in the basic fundaments of disease before entering a clinical speciality spend from one to four years in the department as a member of the house staff. At this stage the training is pre- dominantly by the apprentice approach with close asso- ciation between the resident and senior members of the department. Usually after a period of four years of such training, the resident is eligible for certification by the American Board of Pathology. During this period of training the residents in pathology gain teaching experience so that the majority of those who complete this training continue to hold an academic position in pathology either at Duke or some other medical school. Those residents who go into a clinical specialty after a shorter period of graduate training in Pathology have the security of a fuller and more precise knowledge of disease. Harvey Cushing once wrote that apprentice- ship in the pathological laboratories always has been and always will be the only way to reach the very top either for the surgeon or physicianf' and William Osler claimed that successful knowledge of the infinite variations of disease can only be obtained by a prolonged study of morbid anatomy. ' 'Q' ff .- ' f H'-'Ea,721, . -- ., v 1 V f f.. I 'g - if- 2' cy , - 'QQ , 'Q 0 ' 9 X5 f yfff f, f 5 ff j f 7 ' , V 1 1 I I JSM? .. 1 fyffff f f f rg,-72 1 , 4 fl? QV? , ji. f 'f V A f-f ,WW gf I Jia. I3 ian N A ian I7iz'i 1'iaiz DR. K I N N Ii Y The Practitioner of Pathology specializes in the prac- tice of laboratory medicine for the purpose of providing physicians and surgeons with the scientific information they must have in order to treat their patients most efficiently and successfully. The hospital pathologist is responsible for the identification of the disease process in the surgical specimen removed at operation and for the Final diagnosis at the autopsy table. In many hospitals he also may supervise the laboratories of clinical chemis- try, hematology, and bacteriology as well as the blood bank. The pathologist works in close cooperation with the patient's physician in arriving at a diagnosis and Dia. DONALD B. HACKEL twenty