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Page 27 text:
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A 17,8 of fine Qedt mn QM of tA9 '7 Prior to 1865, all traffic was ferried across the Mississippi River. The width of the river, swiftness of the current and the crude equipment employed at that time made this operation not only tedious and slow but very costly as well. A group of progressive New York railroad men conceived the idea of building a bridge across the Mississippi to handle the increasing traffic more speedily and economically. St. Louis was chosen as the ideal location. Captain James Buchanan Eads was selected to do the job. More than twenty of his forty-live years had been spent on the Mississippi River recovering the cargoes and hulls of sunken steamers. He invented and constructed the diving bells and other equipment used in this undertaking. At President Lincoln's request he designed and constructed a fleet of iron-clad vessels. This experience coupled with his engineering ability made him the best equipped man for the undertaking. Eads and a picked staff of outstanding engineers of the time began drawing the plans. Other bridges of the time were very much smaller and were built of wood and stone. Engineers scoffed at Eads's suggestion to build the bridge of great steel arches supported by granite jetties or piers but his implicit faith in his own convictions led him to follow his original plan. Construction was begun in 1867. This was an entirely new field and Eads and his engineers had nothing to guide them but their own observations. The piers had to be built on bed rock, which meant digging through an immense depth of sand and silt. This was accomplished by sinking caissons and forcing the water out of the chambers to keep the workmen alive. Working conditions were extremely dangerous and fourteen of the six hundred men engaged in this work were killed. The granite used in the bridge came from Iron Mountain, Mo. All did not run smoothly for many delays, costing precious time and money, were encountered. The worst of these was the tornado in 1871, causing S250,000 damage. Seven years were required to complete the work. The railroad tunnel which connects the bridge with Union Station was built at the same time. It was a tremendous undertaking for that period, being almost a mile in length and containing two tubes, fourteen feet wide. A few days before the dedication, which took place on July 4, 1874, the final test of the bridge was made. Two teams of seven of the finest locomotives available passed back and forth over the great structure and stood still at various positions. The engineers exam- ined every unit of the great mass of stone and steel and pronounced it capable of standing much greater pressure. St. Louis was acknowledged to have accomplished one of the great wonders of the world. TOM COERVER-June, 1942. 2 1 Photograph by Pi.-:get Studios -4:622-L
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Page 28 text:
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