Central High School - Red and Black Yearbook (St Louis, MO)

Page 18 text:

,A-., , p'r' g,g 4 f 4: so so-N-Q H L ' g e .aj i,!'ff,,.m-1 4 - , E!! ur.: - - ' ., Q U , lu . . .HW HMV ff ' I :ff :ri-1 1 Tx-is - ui-:D AND BLACK line slug. Setting up for the monotype is done on a separate machine called the keyboard. The copy is translated in a series of perforations on a narrow roll of paper, each representing a character. The operator presses the keys until he has enough words to till a line. An i11di- eator tells exactly how much space is left. Then, by, pressing the proper justification key, the operator is able to till up the remaining space. The roll is taken to the monotype machine proper, where com- pressed air, being forced through the per- forations, operates the machine. The cast- ing machine begins at the end of the perforated roll a11d works baokwardg it sets any measure to sixty picas, and any size to 'forty-two point. The press has had much more advance- ment than the making and setting of type. For four hundred years press work was done by hand, ink balls were used, and no very great changes made in the mech- anism. A toggle-joint had replaced the screwg an apparatus for moving the bed in and out quickly was devised, and the press was braced so as to get an even impresison on all parts of the form. About 1,800 machinists started out to improve the pressg and the one and two- revolution presses are the modern results of these adventures. The printers of today are indebted to George Gordon for the invention of the forerunner of the modern job press. This press has been developed and thousands of them are in use. A self-feeder for it, which is able to guide to at very fine register, has been invented. The first newspapers were printed with the hand presses 011 tlat stock. On account Si.1'fvf'n of this the circulation of a newspaper was very limited. The cylinder press was hailed as a great advance, and the news- papers immediately put them in. The next step was the rotary press. This still printed from Hat stock, but did both sides at one operation. The Hoe ma- chine is the latest result in rotary web- fed presses. It prints from one to three rolls at a time, and turns out a folded and cut newspaper at the rate of 72,000 per hour. The different appliances for inking the forms have also been improved. Until the leather roller came into use, inking balls were used. Then the molded roller made from glue and molasses, or now-a- days glue and glycerine, superseded the leather roller and is now used on all presses, from the 15-inch rollers on the smallest Gordon to the 8-foot rollers on the largest Hoe presses. The paper-making machine invented in 1803 is in its essentials the paper-making machine of today. Up to that date all paper was made in single sheets by hand. The pulp was put into the mold by work- men, and then the mold was shaken to distribute the pulp evenly, and the result- ing sheet removed for drying and press- The principle was to substitute end- less woven wire sheets for the mold, and as the paper was formed by the felting of the fibers to lead it between heated cylinders to dry and press it. As it came from the machine the paper was cut into sheets of standard sizes. The continuous web of paper was made in 1803, but was not used. as a web for rotary printing until 1868. 'The making .of ink is a very intricate ing.

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,.v . - .. x Q- fry-l. PLC--'li,gv ' .47- Q 03 Vx fi? S- f'! I - v .., Q -- ,,, -I I I pg W -Sf' .E-2.t 'r:a-Q'. '::f1T -f .1- . ' .. 5,1 ffl V f - -..-17'.f..,7b N THE . RED typesetting machine which was a. real mechanical marvel, as it set, justified, and distributed perfectly. But it required, to keep it running, an amount of brains not ordinarily found in human beings. The linotype is the best machine for ordinary com- position yet in- vented. It con- sists of a maga- zine, a keyboard for controlling the magazine, an assembling slot, a mold, a pot in which to melt the metal used, and an appar- atus for distrib- uting the mat- rices. In the setting- up process the keys are pressed according to the copy until the measure is filled. The whole as- sembling' slot with the mat- rices is lifted up by the operator. T lx i s movement starts the mech- anismg every- thing else is done mechanically, with- out ,any care of the operator. The matrices are shoved over to the pot. Here they are lowered to a small mold and clamped tightly. The line is justified by means of a clever invention, the adjust- Machine Supposed to Have Been Used by Stephen Daye. Now in Possession of the Vermont Historical Society. By Courtesy of Tho Amerimn Printer. AND BLACK able .space-band. It consists of two in- clined planes and, when the line is placed in the mold, they are shoved together so as to tighten up the line in order that no Then molten type metal is pumped into the mold-, the slug is cooled, tr im in e d, and ejected to the stick, and when enough are made, the stick is taken out and dumped into a galley. The matrices, a f t c r being used, a.re lifted to the dis- tributor. E a c h kind of matrix has a separate system of nicks, and as they slide along they fall into the proper channel. Linotype mu- metal can get through. ehines are in gen- eral use in news- paper offices and in job plants. 'They are cifi- cient, economical, and, when in the hands of compe- tent operators, do v e r y high-class work. The monotype is another practical type- setting machine. It diiers radically from the linotypc in that it sets each type by itself, whereas the linotype scts a solid Fifteen

Page 19 text:

I P J ' --:LL - .M , i d' 0 wg -V - ff , ' Y V It -1-1 ' ,Q - , f55.Q-f-557 1- f 1-' . '- '-s- i7f4'iG- E ' , fi .. r L' ig' E i'iiG , 'gt-'J Y vi VT' T H E R E D A N D .'. B L A C K process and must be done by skilled work- men who have spent years in learning the how and wherefore of ink. lnk is com- posed of pigments or colors, and varnish. The mixing has to be done ill a certain order, a secret ol' the makers, and the rolling and grinding under the same con- ditions. NVithout a doubt John Gutenberg is one of the foremost men of all time. There have been great generals who killed 100,000 men in a day, there have been scientists, poets, inventors, and a multi- tude of others, all very famous, but their fame would be useless had not Gutenberg put into their hands an instrument to make known to every man, woman, illlll child with enough intelligence to read that for which they are famed. Printing is the dispenser of knowledge, the recorder of history, the beacon light of a thousand years. VVithout it we would still be in medieval darkness when the many were superstitious, ignorant, and crude, and the few who had knowledge, jealous, dogmatic, and just as supersti- tious as the many. To show how important printing is, imagine what the result would be if the newspapers of the United States were to be shut down for a single week. llow could we operate? Who would know what was going on? Business could not function. A chaos indescribable would inevitably result. So in looking over this year book, think- ing of the different processes which -the materials had to go through, of the linotype operator, the compositor, the engraver, the binder, be filled with won- der tliat you are able to buy at such a price the work .of so many men's hands. A ' - f ' 5 eg . - e: i-14759 L, ff:-'SL fi: XE... '11 21 'x' i I X 'if ,F gf? - ' - ' 4, E, Q , -ff' A rf-1 :-,',.' Ei:-:ATP Mig i.f'i: 7: f - 374' f 2Lff'7i Ax A ' J ,g-95-kj, , ,YY , W lg--' 1- ,E ev -11 - -- .. - 1 -. ,. 'rg . - ' Elga ap , ' ., V . v . 1 -.5 . 4 i ' -5:f55f:::i:.f:ii-:I25.21572 - - 'er-f ':-:.'.i-vir:-'.-f-.fp4::11- fe-:a.f.,..ft---:1::.u:pw--.-... -. '-121-:f,::.-: an-.-.2 ' ,3f.1jfQg,fg Q . 75 .32 L-1:15-.5 j'f:.:j'EQI' ' sf, . 5.-15.5.1 kia:-if gg 5-5 4.-I-51.5 -5.5.5-lf , '5.j,Qj.1 Seventeen.