Abilene High School - Orange and Brown Yearbook (Abilene, KS)

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DOMESTIC SCIENCE ROOM THIRTY-ONE

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the teacher of American History to impress the pupils with the benefits, needs and dangers of our government is unlimited and neglect to do so is unpardonable in the teacher. Nowhere else, except in the teaching of Civics, is this opportunity so great and nowhere else is the opportunity for impressing the younger generation with the duties and privileges of citizenship more pronounced. With these ideas in mind the purpose of American History in this High School is obvious. It is not to be a matter of fact or memory study. It is not to learn of the past that the pupils ought to study American History, but rather to learn of the present and future. A knowledge of past experience of a nation is the only safe basis for future action in that nation, and without a study of American History with this fact always in mind the High School pupils of America go into life without a single conscious effort having been made to give them a firm basis for future social activity. Department of Home Economics DOMESTIC ART The object of this course is to teach economy and suitability in the purchase and making of clothing, and to give one an understanding of the principles of hand and machine sewing with practice to enable one to make and keep in repair one's own clothing. The first semester recitation work is studying fully the production of the dif- ferent subjects as: needles, pins, scissors and shears, machines, einery, thimbles, buttons, hooks and eyes, cotton, linen, silk and wool. The practice work consists of making simple stitches, as running, basting, over- casting, overhaulingghemming, backstitching, seams, as, French, felled, hemmed and overhandg hems, as plain, French, faced and extensiong repairing ill by patch- ing as hemmed, overhand and darned patch, C25 by darning, as on iinen, cotton or stocking darn: fastenings, buttonholes, hooks and eyes, eyelets, tape and blind loop, simple embroidery stitches as chainstitch, feather stitch, hemstitch and blanket- stitch. Sewing bags, lau.ndry bags, boudoir caps, handkerchief cases and pillow cases were made the latter part of the semester to illustrate stitches, seams and hems made the former part of the semester. The second semester lecture work takes up in detail the production of cotton and linen goods, also embroideries and laces as used in trimming garments, the comparing home-made and ready-made underwear as to durability and condition under which it is made. The practice work consists of the drafting of individual patterns for under- wear and the making of it. DOMESTIC SCIENCE The purpose of this course is to teach the application of the principles of cook- ery in the preparation of foodg to teach the general principles in accordance with which food materials are combined in the foundation dishes, so that the student need not be dependent upon a recipe book, to illustrate methods by which heat is applied to foodg to show by experiment the effect of heat upon food materialsg to illustrate various ways of serving foods prepared: to familiarize the student with cost of food by the calculation of actual cost of recipes used: and that work well and skillfully done is not a drudgery. The first semester recitation or lecture work consists of a study of the differ- ent classes of foods and these combined to make more complex foods. The laboratory work consists of a study of the food materials as follows: Water as in beverages and water iceg fruits, fresh and driedg sugar, illustrating different stages as in cookery of candy: starch, experiments especially show effect of dry and moist heat, then applied to cookery of starchy foodsg fats, as in deep fat ffryingj THIRTY

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w Y ' or shallow fat fsauteingjg protein, as to cookery of meats especiallyg gelatine dishes, leavening agents and flour mixtures, saladsg frozen dishes, and a study of table setting and serving a meal. The second semester is devoted to Chalf timel invalids' cookery and fhalf timel canning and preserving of fruits and vegetables. In the lecture or recitation work in invalids' cookery, diseases are studied under the following general classes: 1. Functional disorders. 2. Digestive disorders. 3. Disorders of absorption. 4. Disorders of metabolism. Each is studied as to the general causes, symptoms and treatment. While in the laboratory work each is studied as to dietetic causes and treatment. This is illustrated in practice work by preparing foods, then trays for the sick and con- valescent. The last half of tlfe semester is devoted to canning and preserving of fruits and vegetables. The lecture work covers: the favorable and unfavorable growth of yeast, bacteria and moldsg the methods of destroying these micro-organ- ismsg and methods of food preservation. ln the laboratory work some fruits or vegetables as, tomatoes, asparagus, rhubarb, etc., may be canned, jellies such as orange or lemon may be prepared and rhubarb jam to illustrate different ways of preserving fruits. Department of anuall Training Years ago began a revolt, now widespread, against the purely bookish character of school education. This revolt has so changed the nature of our schools that now any school would be seriously discredited if it did not offer some form of hand work or manual training. We have come to know that many of the pupils in the public schools are able to think best in things, and not in wordsg that their field in life is the practical and the constructive, rather than the ideal and the theoretical. Fur- ther, we now see clearly that this large class of students have a sound and valid claim on so:-iety for education designed to meet their needs. lf we deny these, we must deny all. We are coming to see that a boy may put just as much sound think- ing, scholarship, and idealism into the making of a library table or a lamp stand as he does into the translation of a passage of the Aeneid. And there is the added fact that the skill and knowledge gained in the making of the table has a more ap- parent and marketable value than has the skill he gains from the translation of the ancient language. The problem of the school is to organize and direct the work in Manual Training so that it calls for truly educational effort, cultivates proper ideals of accurate and artistic construction and finish, and at the same time brings to the pupil the largest possible amount of practical and useful information to be applied in his life after school. Orr Manual Training room is equipped' with 19 single benches. each provided with a separate drawer and complete set of tools for each student who uses the bench. Each bench is provided also with an excellent quick-action vise. The room is furnished with a Crescent Machine Company band-saw, motor driven, a most use- ful tool, saving many hours of unproductive hand labor. The success of the department during the two years it has been in operation has been very gratifying. The large majority of the students develop real skill in construction and design, and display great interest in the work. While the students are at times required to construct various articles for school use, and to make repairs and additions in the various school rooms, they are also permitted to con- struct work to take home as their own possession. ln this latter case, the cost of the material used is charged against them. In first year work each pupil is required to make a number of Hproblemsj' THIHTY-TVVO